Teoria Musical (Resumo) ......................................................................................................

Pg 1/16

PRINCPIOS BSICOS DA MSICA

I MSICA
DEFINIO - ELEMENTOS CONSTITUTIVOS
Msica a arte dos sons, combinados com as variaes de altura, proporcionados pela sua
durao e ordenados sob as regras da esttica.
a arte de combinar os sons, de acordo com suas propriedades e elementos,ordenados
sob a lei da esttica, expressando idias sentimentos e emoes.
Trs elementos fundamentais que compem a msica: melodia, ritmo e harmonia.
a) Melodia: sucesso dos sons formando um sentido musical;
a sucesso dos sons (unssono) em sequncia variando o tempo e
intensidade. Ex de instrumentos de melodia: intrumentos que tocam uma nota
por vez e a prpria voz humana.
b) Ritmo: maior ou menor durao do som. a diviso ordenada do tempo, a pulsao, a
batida da msica.
c) Harmonia: execuo de vrios sons ouvidos ao mesmo tempo, observadas as leis que
regem o agrupamento de sons simultneos.
a cincia da combinao dos sons.
o conjunto de sons combinados simultaneamente, formando acordes.
Instrumentos de harmonia ( todos aqueles que podem soar sons simultneos): Piano,
violo, rgos, harpa , etc.
II NOTAO MUSICAL
1 - Notas - Escalas - Pauta
a) Nota: sinais de representao grfica das notas;

b) Notao musical: escrita da msica

So 7 notas: d-r-mi-f-sol-l-si, que ouvidas sucessivamente formam uma srie de
sons se d o nome de escala. Escala ascendente (d-r-mi-f-sol-l-si) e escala
descendente (si-l-sol-f-mi-r-d). A escala se completa de d a d.

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c) Pauta (pentagrama): conjunto de 5 linhas horizontais (paralelas e eqidistantes,

formando entre si 4 espaos) sobre a qual so escritas as notas musicais.
As linhas e espaos so contados de baixo para cima.

A pauta no suficiente para conter todos os sons que o ouvido pode apreciar, ento so
utilizadas linhas suplementares superiores e inferiores.

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QUESTIONRIO I (Pg 08)

1-Que notao musical?
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2-Como se chamam as notas?
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3-Que pauta?
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4-Que pentagrama?
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5-Como devem ser contados os espaos e as linhas de pauta?
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6-Para que servem as linhas suplementares superiores e inferiores?
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7-Como so contados os espaos e linhas suplementares superiores?
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8-E as suplementares inferiores?
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9-Quantas linhas e espaos suplementares podemos empregar?
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10-Que escala?
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2 - Claves
Clave: sinal utilizado, no incio da pauta, para definir o nome da nota e sua altura na
escala.
Clave de sol (na 2a linha), clave de f (na 3a e 4a linha) e clave de d (na 1a , 2a, 3a e 4a
linha).
Os dois pontos utilizados nas claves de f e d servem para indicar a linha em que se
encontra assinada a clave.
Cada clave d o seu nome nota escrita em sua linha. Nos espaos e linhas subsequentes,
ascendentes e descendentes, nomeiam-se as notas sucessivamente.
As duas claves mais usadas so de sol e f na 4a linha.
QUESTIONRIO II (Pg 11)
1-O que clave?
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2-Quantas formas tem a clave?
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3-Em que linha da pauta se escreve a clave de sol?
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4-E a de f?
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5-E a de d?
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6-Quantas so as claves?
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7- Porque deixou de ser usada a clave de sol na escrita na 1a linha?
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8-Para que servem os pontos colocados ao lado de cada clave?
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9-Qual a clave que dispensa os pontos? Porque?
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10-Quais so as claves mais usadas?
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EXERCCIOS (Pg 11)

1-Escrever o nome das seguintes notas
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2-Escrever o nome das notas e assinalar as que estiverem escritas em linhas e espaos
suplementares.
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3-Escrever o nome das seguintes notas

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4-Escrever o nome das notas e assinalar as que estiverem escritas em linhas e espaos
suplementares.
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Teoria Musical (Resumo) ...................................................................................................... Pg 7/16

2 - Valores
Figuras (de som) ou valores: so as diversas formas das notas utilizadas para
representar as vrias duraes dos sons musicais.
Semibreve, mnima, semnima, colcheia, semicolcheia, fusa e semifusa.
Pausas: so figuras que indicam durao de silncio entre os sons. Possuem funo
rtmica e esttica com valor (sentido) musical, to importante e significativa quanto a figura
de som na construo musical.
Cada figura de som tem sua respectiva pausa que lhe corresponde ao tempo e durao.

Quartifusa (tremifusa) uma figura empregada com menos freqncia.

Figuras extintas: mxima, longa e breve. Aparecem em trechos de autores antigos.

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QUESTIONRIO III (Pg 14)

1-Todas as notas tem a mesma durao?
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2-Que so figuras?
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3-Que outro nome tem as figuras?
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4-Como se chamam as figuras mais usadas?
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5-Que so figuras de som?
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6-Que so pausas?
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7-Em que linhas se escrevem as pausas de semibreves e de mnima?
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8-Que outro nome tem a quartifusa?
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9-Quantas so as figuras que no se usam mais?
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Teoria Musical (Resumo) ...................................................................................................... Pg 9/16

III DIVISO PROPORCIONAL

A figura de maior durao a semibreve, tomada como unidade na diviso. Compreende
todas as demais.
Na grafia musical, usa-se tambm substituir os colchetes por barras horizontais.
As figuras no possuem um valor (tempo) fixo. Elas so proporcionais entre si.

Figuras de som
Semibreve

Pausa
1

Valores
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Mnima

Semnima

colcheia

Semicolcheia

16

fusa

32

16

semifusa

64

32

16

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Teoria Musical (Resumo) .................................................................................................... Pg 10/16

QUESTIONRIO IV (Pg 16)

1-Qual a figura que pode conter na sua diviso todas as outras figuras?
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2-Quantas colcheias vale uma semibreve?
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3-Quantas colcheias vale uma mnima?
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4-Quantas fusas vale uma colcheia?
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5- Quantas fusas vale uma semibreve?
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6- Quantas semnimas vale uma mnima?
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7- Quantas semifusas vale uma semicolcheia?
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8- Quantas fusas vale uma semmnima?
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9- Quantas semicolcheias vale uma mnima?
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10- Quantas semifusas vale uma fusa?
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EXERCCIO
Substituir o sinal de interrogao pelo nmero de figuras convenientes.
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QUESTIONRIO V (Pg 19)

1-Que ligadura?
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2-Qual a funo da ligadura se vier colocada sobre sons de mesma entoao?
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3-Para que serve a ligadura se vier colocada sobre sons de entoao diferentes?
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4-Para que serve o ponto de aumento?
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5-Onde se coloca o ponto de aumento?
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6-As pausas tambm podem ser pontuadas?
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7- possvel colocar na mesma nota mais de um ponto de aumento?
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8-Qual o valor do 2 ponto?
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9-Qual o valor do 3 ponto?
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10-H diferena de durao entre a mnima pontuada e a mnima ligada a uma semnima?
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EXERCCIO
Substituir as figuras pontuadas por figuras ligadas e as figuras ligadas por pontuadas.
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QUESTIONRIO VI (Pg 21)

1-Que tempo de durao de uma nota?
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2-Se a mnima vale um tempo quanto tempo vale a semnima?
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3- Se a semnima vale um tempo quanto tempo vale a mnima? E a colcheia? E a
semicolcheia?
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4-Que compasso?
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5-Como se chamam os compassos de 2, 3 e 4 tempos?
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6-Que travesso?
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7-Como se chamam os travesses colocados no fim de um trecho?
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8-Que unidade de tempo? E unidade de compasso?
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9-Em quantas categorias se dividem os compassos?
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10-Como so representados os compassos?
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QUESTIONRIO VII (Pg 27)

1-Quando que uma figura simples?
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2-Que so compassos simples?
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3- Nos compassos simples o que determina o numerador da frao?
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4-Quais os nmeros que servem como numerador das fraes dos compassos simples?
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5-Que determina o denominador?
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6- Quais os nmeros que servem como denominador das fraes que indicam os
compassos?
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7-No compasso 2/4 que indica o numerador? E o denominador?
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8-Qual a sua unidade de tempo? E a unidade de compasso?
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9-No compasso 3/2 que indica o numerador? E o denominador?
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10- Qual a sua unidade de tempo? E a unidade de compasso?
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11-No compasso 4/8 que indica o numerador? E o denominador?
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12- Qual a sua unidade de tempo? E a unidade de compasso?
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13-Quais so os compassos simples que tem para unidade de tempo a semnima?
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14- Quais so as outras formas de representar o compasso 4/4? E o 3/4 ? E o 2/2?
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15-Represente os compassos 2/8, 4/16,3/4, e 2/2 de acordo com a representao moderna?

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16- Quais so os compassos simples mais usados?
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17- Quais so os compassos que deixaram de ser usados?
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18- O compasso 2/2 tambm deixou de ser usado?
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19- Quais so os compassos menos usados?
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20- Que significa marcar o compasso?
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EXERCCIOS (Pg 27)

1-Determinar as unidades de tempo e compasso de todos os compassos simples.
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2-Completar os seguintes compasso com figuras de som e pausas

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3-Separar os compassos:
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4-Determinar as seguintes figuras:

a) A unidade de tempo do compasso 3/2; __________________________________
b) O valor de 2 tempos no compasso 4/8; __________________________________
c) O valor de meio tempo no compasso c; __________________________________
d) O valor de 3 tempos no compasso 4/16; __________________________________
e) O valor de 1 tempo e meio no compasso 2/4;________________________________
f) O valor de 1 tempo e meio no compasso 3/8;________________________________
g) O valor de 2 tempos no compasso 3/4.
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5- Completar os seguintes compassos com figuras de som e pausas:
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