Folleto Gramatica 2 Tercer Nivel Distancia

FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA
UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA
SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T = Consejo
Este modal should expresa consejo (deberas)
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject You She We He should should should should should verb eat rest take go complement healthy food. more. a taxi. home early.
Examples:
You should study for the exams. / Deberas estudiar para los examenes. You should drink a lot of water. / Deberas beber bastante agua. When you drive you should fasten your seat belt./ Cuando manejas deberas abrocharte el cinturn de seguridad. Este modal should tambin se lo puede usar en forma de negacin aadiendo solo la negacin (not).

REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject should +(not) shouldn't You He They shouldn't Shouldnt Shouldn't drive go cheat when you drink alcohol. out at night. in the exams. verb complement
Examples:
Your brother shouldn't eat junk food. / Tu hermano no debera comer comida chatarra. She shouldnt travel alone tonight. /Ella no debera viajar sola esta noche. We shouldnt go to the party, we have to study. / No deberamos ir a la fiesta, tenemos que estudiar.
Notar que should / shouldn't se usa igual para todos los pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.
OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO = Consejo/Recomendacin

Este modal ought to expresa deber, obligacin, recomendacin dependiendo del uso.

Examples:
We ought to attend office regularly. (Deber). Debemos atender la oficina todos los das. We ought to help the needy. (Obligacin Moral). Debemos ayudar al necesitado. You ought to take your son to the doctor. (Recomendacin). Debes o deberas llevar a tu hijo al mdico.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject You She We He ought to ought to ought to ought to ought to verb respect help take go complement our parents. the poor. a taxi. respect the schedules.
Este modal ought to tambin se lo puede usar en forma de negacin aadiendo solo la negacin (not) despus de ought.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject You She We He ought not to ought not to ought not to ought not to ought not to verb yell ignore take waste complement at our parents. the poor. the bus. time.
Notar que ought to / ought not to se usa igual para todos los pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.

HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT = Consejo

Este modal had better expresa igualmente consejo para tiempo presente o futuro.
Examples:
You had better tell her everthing. / Deberas decirle todo. We had better meet early. /Deberamos reunirnos temprano. She had better get back to work. / Ella debera volver al trabajo.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject You She We He had better had better had better had better had better verb Do go go open complement What I say. to bed early. to class. the office before 8 a.m.
Este modal had better tambin se lo puede usar en forma de negacin aadiendo solo la negacin (not) despus de had better.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject You She We He had better not had better not had better not had better not had better not verb yell ignore take waste complement at our parents. the poor. the bus. your time.
Notar que had better / had better not se usa igual para todos los pronombres y el verbo no se modifica.
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WOULD RATHER / WOULD RATHER NOT = Preferencia
Este modal would rather expresa preferencia y significa preferira.
Examples:
I would rather stay at home. / Preferira quedarme en casa. She would rather go to bed early./ Ell preferira acostarse temprano. We would rather come back before midnight. / Nosotros preferiramos volver antes de la media noche.
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject I She We He would rather would rather would rather would rather would rather verb go do speak eat complement by car. her homework after lunch. in english. at home.
Este modal would rather tambin se lo puede usar en negativo aadiendo la palabra not (would rather not).
REGLA GRAMATICAL
Subject I She We He would rather not would rather not would rather not would rather not would rather not verb drink wear spend paint complement coffee. long dresses. too much money. his house this weekend.

EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1 Choose should or shouldn't.
You should /shouldn't be so selfish. I don't think you should /shouldn't smoke so much. You should /shouldn't exercise more. I think you should /shouldn't try to speak to her. You are overweight. You should /shouldn't go on a diet. Where should / shouldn't we park our car? You should / shouldn't speak to your mother like this. The kids should /shouldn't spend so much time in front of the TV. Should / Shouldn't I tell her the truth or should I say nothing? I think we should / shouldn't reserve our holiday in advance.
Exercise No. 2 Expressing advice: SHOULD and OUGHT TO. Directions: What do you advice Mary?
EXAMPLE: Mary: I'm sleepy. You: You should / ought to drink a cup of tea. 1) 2) 3) 4) I'm hungry. You should ______ something. I'm cold. You ought to _______ a coat. I have a toothache. You should _______ the dentist. I have the hiccups. What should I do? You ought to_______ breathing. 6

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 5) I left my sunglasses at a restaurant yesterday. What should I do? You should ________ immediately. Do you know the number? 6) 7) 8) I'm hot. You ought to______ some fresh air. I have a headache. You should _______ an aspirin. Someone stole my bicycle. What should I do? You ought to________ the police. 9) 10) I bought a pair of pants that don't fit. They're too long. You should ________ them to the tailor to get them shortened. I always make a lot of spelling mistakes when I write. I don't know what to do about it. What do you suggest? You ought to _________ a dictionary.
Exercise No. 3 Expressing advice: HAD BETTER.

Directions: In the following, the speaker chooses to use had better- What are some possible bad consequences N the speaker might be thinking of? EXAMPLE: The movie starts in ten minutes. We'd better hurry. Possible bad consequences: We'll be late if we don't hurry. 1. You can't wear shorts and a T-shirt to a job interview! You'd better change clothes before you go. Possible bad consequences: ________________________________________________ 2. I can't find my credit card. I have no idea where it is. I guess I'd better call the credit card company. Possible bad consequences:__________________________________________________ 3. A: My ankle really hurts. I think I sprained it. B: You'd better put some ice on it right away. Possible bad consequences: _________________________________________________

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 4. You shouldn't leave your car unlocked in the middle of the city. You'd better lock it before we go into the restaurant. Possible bad consequences: ___________________________
Exercise No. 4 Directions: Spot the mistake then rewrite the sentence correctly.
1. You will better not be late. __________________________________________________________________________ 2. Anna shouldn't wears shorts into the restaurant. Anna shouldn't wear shorts into the restaurant. ____________________________________________________________________________ 3. I should to go to the post office today. ____________________________________________________________________________ 4. I ought paying my bills today. ________________________________________________________________________________ 5. You'd had better to call the doctor today. _______________________________________________________________________________ 6. You don't should stay up too late tonight. ________________________________________________________________________________ 7. You'd to better not leaving your key in the door. _______________________________________________________________________________ 8. Mr. Nguyen has a large family and a small apartment. He ought found a new apartment. ___________________________________________________________________________

En esta unidad vamos a aprender sobre los relative clauses y los relative pronouns, para ello se debe primero entender que es un relative clause. Relative clause es una oracin subordinada que describe o identifica a un nombre. Relative pronoun es una palabra que sirve para unir dos oraciones (una de estas oraciones es un relative clause), con el fin de convertir estas dos oraciones en una sola, para que haya fluidez y un mejor nivel de ingls.
Ejemplo:
"This is a house. It was built by my uncle (---> esta segunda oracin es la que convertiremos la "relative clause"). Esta es una casa. Fue construida por mi to. A continuacin, decido unir estas dos oraciones, la primera que es: "This is a house" y la segunda que es: "It was built by my uncle".
Cmo lo hago?
Muy fcil, utilizando un "relative pronoun", que pueden ser estos: Ojo! hay que saber escoger el "relative pronoun" correcto. -"who" (quien, quienes, el cual, la cual) Slo se puede utilizar para identificar o describir personas, nunca cosas. - whom (a quien, a quienes, quien, quienes...) Es ms formal que "who" y slo se utiliza para identificar o describir personas; nunca para cosas. - "that" (que, el cual, la cual, los cuales) para identificar, o describir, a personas o cosas.
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"which" (que) para identificar, o describir cosas. Consejo: Al hablar, si te confundes al utilizar "who", es mejor optar por "that", ya que sirve para referirse a personas y cosas. Entonces quedara as:
This is the house that was built by my uncle." Esta es la casa que fue construida por mi to. La segunda oracin (la que empieza despus de "that"---> (relative pronoun) es ahora la "relative clause".
EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1 Complete the sentences using relative clauses. Use who and which.
1. A Scot is a person who lives in Scotland 2. Nessie is a monster_______ (live in Lochness) 3. A fridge is a thing)______(keeps things fresh) 4. A DJ is someone (play music in a disco) 5. A bee is an insect (make honey) 6. A lemon is a fruit (be yellow and sour) 7. A watch is a thing (tell the time) 8. A ferry is a ship (carry people across the water) 9. A shop assistant is someone (work in a shop) 10.A key is a thing (can open and lock doors)
Exercise No. 2 Complete the sentences with the following relative pronouns who, which, whose when necessary.
1. 2. 3. 4. This is the boy _______ had an accident. Yesterday I saw a car_______ was really old. Jessica is the girl________I met on Friday. I havent seen Frank,______ brother is five, for a long time now.
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5. The robber stole the car________ the lady parked in front of the supermarket. 6. This is the man________ house is on fire. 7. Can I talk to the girl________ is sitting on the bench? 8. The book _______ you gave me is great. 9. She likes hamburgers ________ are hot. 10.Bill Clinton, _________ was President of the USA, has only one daughter
Exercise No. 3 Choose the correct relative pronoun (who, which, whose).
1. This is the bank who which whose was robbed yesterday. 2. A boy who which whose sister is in my class was in the bank at that time. 3. The man who which whose robbed the bank had two pistols. 4. He wore a mask who which whose made him look like Mickey Mouse. 5. He came with a friend who which whose waited outside in the car. 6. The woman who which whose gave him the money was young. 7. The bag who which whose contained the money was yellow. 8. The people who which whose were in the bank were very frightened. 9. A man who which whose mobile was ringing did not know what to do. 10. A woman who which whose daughter was crying tried to calm her. 11.The car who which whose the bank robbers escaped in was orange. 12.The robber who which whose mask was obviously too big didn't drive. 13.The man who which whose drove the car was nervous. 14.He didn't wait at the traffic lights who which whose were red. 15. A police officer who which whose car was parked at the next corner stopped and arrested them.
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1. Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ ACTIVA cuando la significacin del verbo es producida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere:
Sebastian de Benalcazar founded Quito. / Sebastian de Benalcazar fund Quito.
2. Se dice que una oracin est en VOZ PASIVA cuando la significacin del verbo es recibida por la persona gramatical a quien aqul se refiere:
Quito was founded by Sebastian de Benalcazar /Quito fue fundada por Sebastian de Benalcazar.
3. Se forma con el auxiliar del verbo to be y el participio pasado del verbo que se conjuga. 4. El complemento de la oracin activa pasa a sujeto de la pasiva. Como en castellano, el sujeto de la activa se puede conservar como sujeto agente. 5. Cuando un verbo tiene dos complementos se pueden hacer dos estructuras de pasiva:
a) A book was sent to Tom by Mr. Smith, Un libro fue enviado a Tom por Mr. Smith. b) Tom was sent a book by Mr. Smith (pasiva idiomtica). Esta estructura no es posible en castellano.
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ACTIVE VOICE (PRESENT TENSE) Subject + verb + object (complement)
Mara
teaches
chemistry.
PASIVE VOICE (PRESENT TENSE) Object + verb to be + verb past part + agent by
+
subject
Chemestry
is
taught
by
Mara.
ACTIVE VOICE (PAST TENSE) Subject + verb + object (complement)
Mr. Books
sold
1400 books in 2011
PASIVE VOICE (PAST TENSE) Object + verb to be + verb past part + agent by
+
subject
1400 books
were
sold
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by
Mr. Books

Notar que el verbo to be va segn el tiempo de la oracin y se usa singular o plural segn el objeto indicado en la oracin. Examples: Voz Activa
Juan plays soccer after classes. Anita cleaned the house on Sunday. Tom writes love poems in class. The children did the homework.
Voz Pasiva
Soccer is played by Juan. The house is cleaned by Anita. Love poems are written by Tom. The homework was done by the children.
EXERCISES:
Exercise No. 1 Decide if the sentences are written in Active or Passive. The verb forms are printed in bold. / Escriba si la oracin est en voz pasiva o voz activa.
Example: E-mails are answered. 1) They often listen to music. Answer: Passive.
Active Passive
2) She is reading the newspaper now. Active Passive 3) These cars are produced in Japan. Active Passive 4) Alan teaches Geography. Active Passive Active Passive Active Passive
5) German is spoken in Austria.
6) Lots of houses were destroyed by the earthquake in 1906. 7) Henry Ford invented the assembly line. 8) The bus driver was hurt yesterday. Active Passive
Active Passive 14

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 9) You should open your workbooks. 10) Houses have been built. Active Passive
Active Passive
Exercise No. 2 Write passive sentences in Simple Present.

1. the documents / print. The documents are printed.
2. the window / open ______________________________________________________ 3. the shoes / buy _________________________________________________________ 4. the car / wash __________________________________________________________ 5. the litter / throw away ___________________________________________________ 6. the letter / send ____________________________________________________________ 7. the book / read / not _______________________________________________________ 8. the songs / sing / not _______________________________________________________ 9. the food / eat / not _________________________________________________________ 10. the shop / close / not ______________________________________________________
Exercise No. 3 Write passive sentences in Simple Past.

1. the test / write The test was written. 2. the table / set __________________________________________________________ 3. the cat / feed ______________________________________________________________ 4. the lights / switch on ______________________________________________________ 5. the house / build __________________________________________________________ 6. dinner / serve _____________________________________________________________ 15

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 7. this computer / sell / not __________________________________________________ 8. the car / stop / not ________________________________________________________ 9. the tables / clean / not _____________________________________________________ 10. the children / pick up / not
Exercise No. 4
Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past.

1. They _________________(visit) their granny. 2. We __________________(visit) by our teacher. 3. My friend Paul__________________ (bear) in Dallas. 4. She______________________ (go) to school in Boston. 5. Antony _____________________(grow up) in the country. 6. The new shopping centre__________________ (build) last year. 7. The film _____________________(produce / not) in Hollywood. 8. Barbara _______________________(know) James very well. 9. The jewels_______________________ (hide / not) in the cellar. 10. We__________________________ (spend / not) all day on the beach.
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Para que sirven los tag questions?
Una tag question es lo que se aade al final de una frase. Una tag question a raz de una declaracin afirmativa en general tiene la forma de una pregunta negativa, con el significado: No es eso cierto? No es verdad? En algunos idiomas, tales etiqueta preguntas son invariables. Sin embargo, en ingls, tag question varan, en funcin de los verbos. Las tag question pueden ser positivas y negativas, si la oracin principal es positiva, la tag question ser negativa y si la oracin principal negativa, la tag question ser positiva.
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
You are a student, aren`t you?
Mary isnt a nurse, is she?

Oracin negativa, tag question positiva
Oracin positiva, tag question negativa
Como se menciona en la primera parte, las tag questions varian en funcin de los verbos es decir: si tengo el verbo to be, pueden ver que el verbo to be se usa en la tag question.
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UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA Qu pasara si tengo una oracin con un verbo de accin?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
The students work hard, do they? My teacher doesnt speak French, does she?
Oracin positiva, tag question negativo
Oracin negativa, tag question positivo
Obviamente en el presente simple con verbos de accin necesitamos un auxiliar acorde con el sujeto: do o does, por esta razn utilizo el auxiliar. Ahora bien es importante recalcar que una tag question debe llevar siempre pronombres personales es decir the students yo remplac con they; my teacher remplac con she.
Qu pasara si tengo una oracin en pasado simple?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My friends went home early, didnt they? My father didnt travel to Manta, did he?
De igual manera como ya sabemos para hacer oraciones negativas o preguntas en pasado, necesitamos un auxiliar en pasado es decir: did, como pueden ver, si tengo oracin positiva mi tag question es negativa y si tengo oracin negativa mi tag question es positiva.
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Qu pasara si tengo una oracin con verbos modales: can, could, should, etc?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My daughter can speak Japanese, cant she? People shouldnt smoke, should they?
As mismo en funcin del verbo uso la tag question, si tengo can uso can, si tengo should, uso should, si tengo would, uso would y as todos los verbos modales.
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Look at these examples with positive statements:

positive statement [+] main verb coming, finished, like like will can must should help, come, go, try are was harder, English, there, coffee, coffee, negative tag [-] personal pronoun (same as subject) you? we? you? you? they? I? we? he? you? he?
no auxiliary for main verb be present & past You (do) like... won't = will not notes:
subject
auxiliary
auxiliary not
You We You You They I We He You John
are have do
are have do do wo can must should are was
n't n't n't n't n't 't n't n't n't n't
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Look at these examples with negative statements:

Negative statement (-) tag question (+) personal pronoun (same as subject) it? we? you? they? they? I? we? he? you? he?
subject It We You They They I We He You John
auxiliary is have never don`t will not won`t can never mustn`t shouldn`t
main verb raining, seen like help, report do tell drive aren`t was not us, it right, her, so fast, English, there, that, coffee,
auxiliary is have do will will can must should are was
EXERCISE No. 1 Lea las oraciones y aada una tag question.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Paul is a good Singer, _________________? Beto and Susan are in New York_________________? You love this picture,________________? We know your parents, ______________? Jimmy doesnt speak Italian, __________________? Beth wasnt happy yesterday,_________________? The boys are playing football, ___________________? There is enough food here,____________________? The scientists left for Rome yesterday,__________________? 21

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 10. Charles cant speak Russian,_________________? 11. She wont arrive late,_________________? 12. We couldnt go there, _____________________? 13. He wasnt working here, __________________? 14. Betty loves coffee,___________________? 15. They have never seen her,__________________? 16. She began to cry after hearing the news,____________? 17. Those girls seldom travel abroad,_________? 18. The weather is hot today,__________________? 19. I am not your friend,_______________? 20. The children dont like the hot dog,_____________? 21. John doesnt love Mary,__________________? 22. She is a brilliant student, __________________? 23. I didnt say: I love him,_________________? 24. There were many students yesterday at the university, ___________? 25. Maria hurt herself last Saturday,_____________? 26. The students should study for the tests,__________________? 27. Anita would like a big hamburger,__________________? 28. Juan and Esteban arent working together,________________? 29. The famous singer wont travel to Ibarra,________________? 30. My son isnt happy now,________________?
EXERCISE No. 2 Choose the correct tag to finish the sentence.

1. Teresa is an accountant,___? aren't she? doesn't she? isn't she? She isn't?
2. I am a good worker,___? I am? do I? amn't I? aren't I?
3. Peirre is a grandfather,___? he isn't? isn't he? he is? doesn't he?
4. Kate is a doctor, ___? 22

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA she is? is she? doesn't she? isn't she?
5. Jacques and Alicia are students, ___? aren't they? are they? isn't he? isn't they?
6. Mario is at work right now, ___? aren't they? isn't he? is he? isn't she?
7. I'm here, ___? am I not? am not I? amn't I? aren't you?
8. You and I are busy right now, ___? aren't I? aren't we? we aren't? aren't you?
9. It's windy today, ___? am I? aren't they? isn't it? isn't he?
10. I am ready for the next exercise, ___? isn't it? don't I? aren't you? aren't I?
EXERCISE No. 3 Choose the correct tag question

1. You're coming to the party, ___? a. aren't you b. isn't you c. shouldn't you 2. It wasn't very difficult, ___? a. wasn't it b. isn't it c. was it
3. Tom is getting something for Sue, ___? a. wasn't he b. isn't he c. was he 23

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 4. It won't be anything expensive, ___? a. won't it b. isn't it c. will it
5. There's some milk in the refrigerator, ___? a. isn't there b. isn't it c. wasn't it
6. We don't need to go to the store today, ___? a. don't we b. do I c. do we
7. Susan can bring some food, ___? a. won't she b. will she c. can't she
8. The party starts at eight o'clock, ___? a. isn't it b. doesn't it c. does it
9. The movie was very long, ___? a. isn't it b. wasn't it c. was it
10. There's a dictionary on the shelf, ___? a. isn't it b. isn't there c. aren't there
11. There's a lot of noise outside, ___? a. aren't there b. isn't there c. is there
12. Mrs. Smith is sick, ___? a. isn't she b. is she c. wasn't she
13. The dishes are dirty, ___? a. weren't they b. isn't they c. aren't they
14. Steven won't be at the party, ___?
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UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA a. won't he b. isn't he c. will he
15. The math test was very difficult, ___? a. wasn't it b. isn't it c. weren't they
16. We can go tomorrow, ___? a. won't we 17. I'm early, ___? a. isn't I b. aren't I c. are I b. can we c. can't we
18. This shirt is too big for me, ___? a. isn't it b. doesn't it c. does it
19. Emily plays the piano well, ___? a. isn't it b. does she c. doesn't she
20. Your neighbors went on vacation, ___? a. isn't they b. didn't they c. aren't they
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PAST PROGRESIVE
Se usa el pasado progresivo (continuo) para describir una accin en progreso en un tiempo determinado del pasado.
Subject
Positive
Negative
Question
I / he / she / it
I was speaking.
I was not speaking.
Was I speaking?
you / we / they
You were speaking.
You were not speaking.
Were you speaking?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
My wife and I were eating at 6:00 / Mi esposa y yo estabamos comiendo a las 6:00 Juan was not playing basketball. / Juan no estaba jugando basquetbol. Were you watching Tv at 7:00? / Estaban ustedes mirando Tv a las 7:00?
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Preguntas con wh-word questions

Main verb + ing + complement
Wh-word question
Verb to be
Subject
What
Were
You
doing last night
Where
Was
Your father
going after lunch
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
What were you eating this morning? / Que estabas comiendo esta maana? Why were you crying last night?/ Por qu estabas llorando anoche?
SIMPLE PAST
Se usa el pasado simple para describir una accin que se realiz en el pasado y se termino en el pasado.
Subject
Positive
Negative
Question
I, you, he she, it, we, you, they
I spoke to my boss yesterday.
She did not come to classes last Friday.
Did you prepare the presentation for the meeting?
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EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
The students traveled to Baos last summer. / Los estudiantes viajaron a Baos el verano pasado. The teacher didn't come to clases yesterday. / El profesor no vino a clases ayer. Did the children have a party last weekend? Tuvieron los nios una fiesta la semana pasasa?
Preguntas con wh-word questions

Auxiliar Wh-word question did Subject
Main verb + complement
What
did
you
do yesterday?
Where
did
your parents
travel last vacation?
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
What did the doctors do last month?. Qu hicieron los doctores el mes pasado? When did the medicine congress start? Cuando empez el congreso de medicina?
Past progressive and simple past together Pasado progresivo y pasado simple juntos
Estos dos tiempos se usan para hablar sobre una accin en progreso que fue interrumpida por otra accin. La accin interrumpida se la escribe en pasado simple: 28

PAST PROGRESSIVE
(when)
SIMPLE PAST
Subject + be + main verb (ing) + comp (when) sub + verb past tense + comp.
was
doing +
my homework + when + my husband + called +
me.
EXAMPLE / EJEMPLO:
I was taking a shower when the phone rang. My children were watching TV when it started to rain.
Other ways to use simple past and past progressive Otras formas de usar el pasado simple y pasado progresivo.
1. WHEN + SIMPLE PAST + PAST PROGRESSIVE

When you arrived I was eating. When the light went off I was preparing some material for classes.
2. WHILE + PAST PROGRESSIVE + SIMPLE PAST

While they were skiing, the storm started. While we were travelling to Riobamba, it started to rain.
3. PAST PROGRESSIVE + WHILE + SIMPLE PAST

My cousin was preparing some tuna sandwiches while my uncle was packing some sodas. I was talking on the phone while my husband was watching TV.
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EXERCISE No. 1 Put the verbs into the correct form (past progressive).
1. When I phoned my friends, they were playing (play) monopoly. 2. Yesterday at six I ____________________(prepare) dinner. 3. The kids__________________ (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain. 4. I __________________(practice) the guitar when he came home. 5. We___________________________ (not / cycle) all day. 6. While Aaron____________________ (work) in his room, his friends_____________________ (swim) in the pool. 7. I _____________________tried to tell them the truth but they __________________ (listen / not). 8. What___________________________ (you / do) yesterday? 9. Most of the time we ________________________(sit) in the park.
EXERCISE No. 2 Use the verbs in the box to complete the statements below.
Decide live remember rain eat love want visit
like X2 ( two times)
1. Pepe _______________ Hernandez in Cuenca from 1992 to 1995. 2. Mari Sarmiento _______________to learn how to fly. 3. It _____________ all day yesterday, 4. Migueln ________________to buy a new stereo. 5. Sofia didn't________________ anything for breakfast. 30

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 6. Angela and Ramn __________________ each other very much. 7. Simon didn't ___________________ Benidorm because there were too many students. 8. Did you_________________ to turn everything off? 9. When Eleonora and Paola went to Granada, they_________________ the Alhambra Palace. 10. Fiona __________________ everything about Wales except the weather.
EXERCISE No. 3 Put the verbs into the correct tense (Simple Past or Past Progressive).
1. While Tom _______________(read) , Amely _____________(watch) a documentary on TV. 2. Marvin___________ (come) home,__________ (switch) on the computer and ________ (check) his emails. 3. The thief __________(sneak) into the house,____________ (steal) the jewels and ___________(leave) without a trace. 4. Nobody ___________(listen) while the teacher___________ (explain) the tenses. 5. While we______________(do) a sight-seeing tour, our friends________________ (lie) on the beach. 6. He ____________(wake) up and ________________(look) at his watch.
EXERCISE No. 4
1. When I saw Dave, he __________. is working worked was working
2. You had a good time at the party, __________ you? hadn't didn't weren't 31

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 3. __________ when the telephone rang? Were you sleeping Did you sleep Were sleeping
4. Dave, when __________ the ESL Cafe on the Web? were you begin began did you begin
5. You __________ me, did you? understood weren't understanding didn't understand
6. When __________ yesterday morning? you got up did you get up were you getting up
7. While I __________ to work, I saw an accident. drove was driving did drive
8. __________ well on this quiz? Did you Were you Did you do
32

ANSWERS / RESPUESTAS EXERCISES UNIT 1

Exercise No. 1
1. shouldnt 2. should 3. should 4. should 5. should 6. shouldnt 7. shouldnt 8. shouldnt 9. should 10. should
Exercise No. 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. eat put on /wear visit keep go take call take have
Exercise No. 3
1. 2. 3. 4. You won't get the job. Someone will use your credit card. Your ankle will get worse. Someone will steal your car.
Exercise No. 4
1. You had better not be late. 2. Ana shouldnt wear shorts... 33

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. I should go to... I ought to pay my bills... You'd better call the doctor today... You shouldnt stay up too late... You'd better not leave ... He ought to find a new...
EXERCISES UNIT 7
Exercise No. 1
2. which lives in Loch Ness 3.which keeps food cool 4. who plays music in a disco 5. which makes honey 6.which is yellow and sour 7.which tells the time 8.which carries people across the water 9.who works in a shop 10. which can open and lock things
Exercise # 2
1. who 2. which 3. no necessary 4. whose 5. no necessary 6. whose 7. who 8. no necessary 9. which 10.who
Exercise # 3
1. which 2. whose 3. who
34

4. which 5. who 6. who 7. which 8. who 9. whose 10.whose 11.which 12.whose 13.who 14.which 15.whose
EXERCISES UNIT 8
Exercise No. 1
1. active 2. active 3. passive 4. active 5. passive 6. passive 7. active 8. passive 9. active 10.passive
Exercise No. 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The The The The The The The The The window is opened. shoes are bought. car is washed. litter is thrown away. letter is sent. book isn't read. songs aren't sung. food isnt served. store isn't closed.
35

Exercise No. 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. The table wasn't set. The cat wasn't fed. The lights weren't switched off. The house wasn't built. Dinner wasn't served. This computer wasn't sold. The car wasn't stopped. The tables weren't cleaned. The children weren't picked up.
Exercise No. 4
1. visited 2. were visited 3. born 4. went 5. grew up 6. was built 7. wasnt' produced 8. knew 9. weren't hidden 10. didn't spend
EXERCISES UNIT 9
Exercise No. 1
1. Isnt, he 2. Arent they 3. Dont you 4. Dont we 5. Does he 6. Was she 7. Are they 8. Isnt there 9. Didnt they 10. Can he 11. Will she 12. Could we 13. Was he 36

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 14. Doesnt she 15. Have they 16. Didnt she 17. Dont they 18. Isnt it 19. Am I / are I 20. Do they 21. Does he 22. Isnt she 23. Did I 24. Werent there 25. Didnt she 26. Shouldnt they 27. Wouldnt she 28. Are they 29. Will he/she 30. Is he
Exercise No. 2
1. isn't she 2. aren't I 3. isn't he 4. isn't she 5. aren't they 6. isn't he 7. am not I 8. aren't we 9. isn't it 10. aren't I
Exercise No. 3
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. aren't you was it isn't he will it isn't there do we 37

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 7. can't she 8. doesn't it 9. wasn't it 10. isn't there 11. isn't there 12. isn'the 13. aren't they 14. will he 15. wasn't it 16. can't we 17. aren't I 18. isnt' it 19. doesn't she 20. didn't they
EXERCISES UNIT 10
Exercise No. 1
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. was preparing were playing was practicing weren't cycling was working / were swimming was trying / didn't listen were you going were sitting
Exercise No. 2
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. lived wanted rained decided eat loved like remember visited liked
Exercise No. 3
38

UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. was reading / was watching came / switched / checked sneaked / stole / left was listening / was explaining were driving / was lying woke / looked
Exercise No. 4
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. was writing didn't were you sleeping did you begin didn't you get up was driving did you do
39

BIBLIOGRAFIA RECOMENDADA
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/pronouns/relative_pronouns2.htm
http://www.aprende-gratis.com/ingles/curso.php?lec=presente-simple http://www.ompersonal.com.ar/omverbs/simplepresent.htm Azar, B. (2009). Understanding and Using English Grammar. USA: Longman Fuchs, Bonner, Westheimer. ( 2000). Focus on Grammar. An intermediate course for reference and practice. USA
LOTT, H. (2005) Real English Grammar. Marshall Cavendish Ltd.
Werner, P. (1998). A Communicative Grammar. Third Edition. USA: Editorial McGraw-Hill Werner, P. (1996) Mosaic One. A Content-Based Grammar Book, Mexico
40

ANEXOS INFORMACION EXTRA Relative Pronouns

relative pronoun
who
use
example
subject or object pronoun for people
I told you about the woman who lives next door.
which
subject or object pronoun for animals and things
Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof?
which
referring to a whole sentence
He couldnt read which surprised me.
whose
possession for people animals and things
Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse?
whom
object pronoun for people, especially in non-defining relative clauses (in defining relative clauses we colloquially prefer who)
I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.
that
subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things in defining relative clauses (who or which are also possible)
I dont like the table that stands in the kitchen.
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Relative Adverbs
Un relative adverb puede ser usado en vez de un relative pronoun ms una preposicion. Esto hace que la oracin se entienda con ms facilidad This is the shop in which I bought my bike. This is the shop where I bought my bike.
relative meaning adverb

when in/on which
use
example
refers to a time expression
the day when we met him
where
in/at which refers to a place
the place where we met him
why
for which
refers to a reason
the reason why we met him
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Folleto Gramatica 2 Tercer Nivel Distancia

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UNIDADES 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Ms. MONICA DAVILA

SHOULD/ SHOULDN'T = Consejo

Este modal should expresa consejo (deberas)

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OUGHT TO / OUGHT NOT TO = Consejo/Recomendacin

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HAD BETTER / HAD BETTER NOT = Consejo

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WOULD RATHER / WOULD RATHER NOT = Preferencia

Este modal would rather expresa preferencia y significa preferira.

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Exercise No. 3 Expressing advice: HAD BETTER.

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FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA

FOLLETO GRAMATICAL TERCER NIVEL DISTANCIA

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ACTIVE VOICE (PRESENT TENSE) Subject + verb + object (complement)

ACTIVE VOICE (PAST TENSE) Subject + verb + object (complement)

1400 books in 2011

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5) German is spoken in Austria.

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Exercise No. 2 Write passive sentences in Simple Present.

Exercise No. 3 Write passive sentences in Simple Past.

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Complete the sentences (Active or Passive Voice). Use Simple Past.

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Para que sirven los tag questions?

You are a student, aren`t you?

Mary isnt a nurse, is she?

Oracin positiva, tag question negativa

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Oracin positiva, tag question negativo

Oracin negativa, tag question positivo

Qu pasara si tengo una oracin en pasado simple?

Oracin positiva, tag question negativo

Oracin negativa, tag question positivo

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Oracin positiva, tag question negativo

Oracin negativa, tag question positivo

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Look at these examples with positive statements:

You We You You They I We He You John

are have do do wo can must should are was

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Look at these examples with negative statements:

subject It We You They They I We He You John

auxiliary is have do will will can must should are was

EXERCISE No. 1 Lea las oraciones y aada una tag question.

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EXERCISE No. 2 Choose the correct tag to finish the sentence.

2. I am a good worker,___? I am? do I? amn't I? aren't I?

3. Peirre is a grandfather,___? he isn't? isn't he? he is? doesn't he?

4. Kate is a doctor, ___? 22

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7. I'm here, ___? am I not? am not I? amn't I? aren't you?

EXERCISE No. 3 Choose the correct tag question

3. Tom is getting something for Sue, ___? a. wasn't he b. isn't he c. was he 23

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