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Term
adaptation species evolution

Info
characteristic that improves an individuals ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment group of organisms that are closely related and can mate to produce fertile offspring process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise the trace remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock a historical sequence of life indicated by fossils found in layers of the Earths crust a genetically determined characteristic the human practice of breeding animals or plants that have certain desired traits the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred a trait that reappears in the second generation after disappearing in the first generation when parents with different traits are bred The offspring of two purebreds that have self-pollinated to create a first-generation

Picture

Fossil

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Fossil record trait Selective breeding natural selection

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heredity

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dominant trait

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recessive trait

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Firstgeneration plant

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gene

one set of instructions for an inherited trait

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allele

one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color an organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also, the combination of genes for one or more specific traits the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes and the same structure

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phenotype

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genotype

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probability

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homologous chromosomes

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sex chromosome

one of the pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of an individual

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pedigree DNA:

a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family (deoxyribonucleic acid) -a molecule that is present in all living cells -contains the information that determines the traits that a living thing inherits and needs to live a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule (a mistake that occurs during the copying of DNA

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mutation

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nucleotide

in a nucleic-acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

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Punnett Square

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Homozygous Heterozygous Genetics

-is a diagram that is used to predict an outcome of a particular cross or breeding experiment. -is used by biologists to determine the probability of an offspring's having a particular genotype Having two identical alleles that code for the same trait. Having two different alleles that for the same trait The study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.
the division of organisms into groups, or classes, based on specific naming, and classifying organisms

classification: taxonomy: dichotomous key Archaea:

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the science of describing, naming, and classifying organisms


an aid that is used to identify organisms and that consists of the answers to a series of questions

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in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of prokaryotes (most of which are known to live in extreme environments) that are distinguished from other prokaryotes by differences in their genetics and in the make up of their cell wall; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdom Archaebacteria

Bacteria:

Eukarya:

4. Protista: Fungi:

. Plantae:

Animalia:

7. Animalia: a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment in a modern taxonomic system, a domain made up of all eukaryotes; this domain aligns with the traditional kingdoms Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia a kingdom of mostly one-celled eukaryotic organisms that are different from plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi a kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that are usually green, have cell walls made of cellulose, cannot move around, and use the suns energy to make sugar by photosynthesis a kingdom made up of complex, multicellular organisms that lack cell walls, can usually move around, and quickly respond to their environment

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