QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph.

65395439

HEAT & THERMODYNAMICS PROBLEMS ASKED IN JEE & REE

Q 1. State whether True of False : (with reason) [ JEE '87, 2 + 2 ] (a) At a given temperature, the specific heat of a gas at constant pressure is always greater than its specific heat at constant volumes . (b) The root mean square (rms) speed of oxygen molecules (O2) at a certain temperature T (degree absolute) is V . If temperature is doubled and oxygen gas dissociates into oxygen atoms, the rms speed is unchanged . An ideal gas has a specific heat at constant pressure Cp =
5R . The gas is kept in a closed 2

Q 2.

vessel of volume 0.0083 m3 at a temperature of 300 K & a pressure of 1.6 x 106 N/m2 . An amount of 2.49 x 104 Joules of heat energy is supplied to the gas . Calculate the final temperature & pressure of the gas . [ JEE '87, 7 ] Q 3. A container is divided into two equal portions . One portion contains an ideal gas at pressure P and temperature T, while the other portion has a perfect vaccum . If a hole is opened between the two portions, find the change in energy and change in temperature of the gas . [ REE '87, 3 ] 2 M3 volume of gas at a pressure of 4 x 105 Nm2 is compressed adiabatically so that the volume becomes 0.5 M3 . Find the new pressure that would result, if the compression was isothermal . Calculate work done in each process . [ = 1.4 ] [ REE '87, 7 ] Two moles of helium gas = are initially at temperature 27 C and occupy a volume of 20 litres . The gas is first expanded at constant pressure unitl the volume is doubled . Then it undergoes an adiabtic change until the temperature returns to its initial value . (i) sketch the process on a p-V diagram . (ii) what are final volume and pressure of the gas ? (iii) what is the work done by the gas ? [ JEE '88, 6 ] Q 6. State whether True or False : (give reasons) [ JEE '88, 2 ] 2 spheres of the same material have radii 1 m & 4 m and temperature 4000 K & 2000 K respectively . The energy radiated per second by the first sphere is greater than that by the second . In a certain region of space there are only 5 molecules per cm3 on an average . The temperature there is 3 K . What is the average pressure of this very dilute gas ? [ REE '88, 5 ] A 50 gm lead bullet, specific heat 0.02 is initially at 30 C . It is fired vertically upwards with a speed of 840 m/sec & on returning to the starting level strikes a cake of ice at 0 C. How much ice is melted . Assume that all energy is spent in melting only . [ latent heat of ice = 80 cal/gm ] [ REE '88, 5 ] hydrogen atom in its ground state is excited by means of a monochromatic radiation of wavelength 970.6 A . How many different wavelengths are possible in the resulting emission spectrum ? Find the longest wavelength amongst these . [ REE '89, 7 ]
5 3

Q 4.

Q 5.

Q 7.

Q 8.

Q 9.

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QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

Q 10. An ideal monoatomic gas is confined in a 123456789012345678901234567 123456789012345678901234567 cylinder by a spring loaded piston of cross-section 123456789012345678901234567 123 123 123456789012345678901234567 123 3 2 123456789012345678901234567 123 open atmosphere 8 x 10 m . Initially the gas is at 300 K and occupies 123 12 123456789012345678901234567 123 12 123456789012345678901234567 123 12 3 3 123 12 123456789012345678901234567 a volume of 2.4 x 10 m and the spring is in its 123 12 123456789012345678901234567 123 12 123 12 123456789012345678901234567 123 12 releaxed (unstretched, uncompressed) state as in 123456789012345678901234567 123 12 123 123456789012345678901234567 123 123 123456789012345678901234567 123 figure . The gas is heated by a small electric heater 123456789012345678901234567 123 123456789012345678901234567 123456789012345678901234567 until the piston moves out slowly by 0.1 cm . Calculte the final temperature of the gas & the heat supplied (in joules) by the heater . The force constant of spring is 8000 N/m, atmospheric pressure is 1.0 x 105 N/m2 . The cylinder & the piston are thermally insulated . The pistion is massless & there is no friction between the piston & the cylinder . Neglect heat loss through the lead wires of the heater. The heat capacity of the heater coil is negligible . Assume spring to be massless. [ JEE '89, 8 ] Q 11. Two perfect gases at absolute temperatures T1 & T2 are mixed . There is no loss of energy. Find the temperature of the mixture if the masses of the molecules are m1 & m2 and the number of molecules in the gases are n1 & n2 respectively . [ REE '89, 5 ] Q 12. Hydrogen atom in its ground state is excited by means of a monochromatic radiation of wavelength 970.6 A . How many different wavelengths are possible in the resulting emission spectrum ? Find the longest wavelength amongst these . [ REE '89, 3 ] Q 13. An ideal gas having initial pressure P, volume V and temperature T is allowed to expand adiabatically until its volume becomes 5.66 V while its temperature falls to (i) (ii)
T . 2
rigid support heater

How many degrees of freedom do the gas molecules have ? Obtain the work done by the gas during the expansion as a function of the initial pressure p and volume V . [ JEE '90, 7 ]

Q 14. 3 moles of an ideal gas at 300 K are isothermally expanded to five times its volume and heated at this constant volume so that the pressure is raised to its initial value before expansion . In the whole process 83.14 kJ heat is required . Calculate the ratio gas . [ ln 5 = 1.61 ]
Cp Cv

of the

[ REE '90, 5 ]

Q 15. A piston divides a closed gas cylinder into two parts . Initially the piston is kept pressed such that one part has a pressure P & volume 5 V and the other part has pressure 8 P & volume V . The piston is now left free . Find the new pressures & volumes for the adiabtic and isothermal processes . [ for this gas = 1.5 ] [ REE '90, 7 ] Q 16. 3 moles of an ideal gas C p =
7R at pressure PA & temperature TA is isothermally expanded 2

to twice its initial volume . It is then compressed at constant pressure to its original volume. Finally the gas is compressed at constant volume to its original pressure PA . (a) Sketch PV & PT diagrams for complete process . (b) Calculate the net work done by the gas and net heat supplied to the gas during the complete process . [ JEE '91, 8 ] Q 17. 0.014 kg of nitrogen is enclosed in a vessel at a temperature of 27 C . How much heat has to be transfered to the gas to double the r.m.s. velocity of its molecules . [ REE '91, 7 ]

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QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

Q 18. 104 kg oxygen is contained in a non-conducting cylinderical vessel of cross sectional area 29.15 x 105 m2 & volume 103 m3 . It is closed by a frictionless non-conducting pistion which is free to move in a vertical direction . If the piston is slightly depressed and then released, show that the piston will execute simple harmonic motion . Find its frequency . Ignore atmospheric pressure & take
Cp Cv

= 1.4 for oxygen . [ REE '91, 7 ]

Q 19. A solid copper sphere (density d & specific heat C) of radius r at an initial temperature 200 K is suspended inside a chamber whose walls are at almost 0 K . The time required for the t emperature of the sphere to drop to 100 K is :______ . [ JEE '91, 2 ] Q 20. A piece of metal floats on mercury . The co-efficients of volume expansion of the metal and mercury are Y1 & Y2 respectively . If the temperatures of both mercury and the metal are increased by an amount T, the fraction of the volume of the metal submerged in mercury changes by the factor ______ . [ JEE '91, 2 ] Q 21. A point source of heat of power P is placed at the centre of a spherical shell of mean radius R . The material of the shell has thermal conductivity K . If the temperature difference between the outer & inner surface of the shell is not to exceed T, the thickness of the shell should not be less then ______ . [ JEE '91, 2 ] Q 22. Two moles of helium gas undergo a cyclic process as shown in figure . Assuming the gas to be ideal , calculate : (a) the net change in the heat energy . (b) the net work done . (c) the net change in internal energy .
P
2 atm

- - - -A ----------

B
---------

1 atm

-----D

300 K

400 K

[ JEE '92, 8 ] Q 23. How much energy is absorbed by 10 kg mole of an ideal gas if it expands from an initial pressure of 8 atmosphere to 4 atmosphere at a constant temperature of 27 C ? [ REE '92, 5 ] Q 24. A cylindrical block of length 0.4 m and area of cross-section 0.04 m2 is placed co-axially on a thin metal disc of mass 0.4 kg & of the same cross-section . The upper face of the cylinder is mainitained at a constant temperature of 400 K & the initial temperature of the disc is 300 K . If the thermal conductivity of the material of cylinder is 10 Watt/mK & the specific heat of the material of the disc is 600 J/kgK , how long will it take for the temperature of the disc to increase to 350 K ? Assume , for purposes of calculation , the thermal conductivity of the disc to be very high and the system to be thermally insulated except for the upper face of the cylinder . [ JEE '92, 6 ] Q 25. A container of volume 1 m3 is divided into equal parts by a partition . One part has an ideal gas at 300 K and the other part is vacuum . The whole system is thermally isolated from the surroundings . When the partition is removed the gas expands to occupy the whole volume . Its temperature will now be ______ . [ JEE '93, 1 ] Q 26. One mole of mono-atomic ideal gas is taken through the cycle shown in the figure . A B Adiabatic expansion B C Cooling at constant volume C D Adiabatic compression D A Heating at constant volume .
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A
P

C V

QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

The pressure & temperature at A, B, etc are denoted by PA, TA, PB, TB etc. respectively . Given that TA = 1000 K , PB = (i) (ii) (iii)
2 1 PA & PC = PA , calculate the following quantities : 3 3

The work done by the gas in the process A B The heat lost by the gas in the process B C The temperature TD .

[ JEE '93, 4 + 4 + 2 ]

Q 27. State whether True or False : (give reason) [ REE '93, 2 ] If an ideal gas expands adiabatically, it does positive work and its internal energy decreases . Q 28. In an isobaric process , the change in internal energy is dU = n Cp dT . Q 29. One mole of a mono-atomic gas is mixed with 3 moles of a diatomic gas . The molar specific heat of the mixture at constant volume is ______ . [ REE '93, 1 ] Q 30. In the figure are shown three isothermals at temperatures T1 = 4000 K , T2 = 2000 K . When 1 gm mole of an ideal monoatomic gas is taken through the paths A B , B C , C D & D A , find the change in internal energy U , the work done by the gas W & the heat absorbed by the gas Q in each path . Also find these quantities for the complete cycle ABCDA. Given VA = 1 m3 and VB = 2 m3 .
A
P

D
VA

C
VB T 3

T1 T2

[ REE '93, 6 ] Q 31. The kinetic energy, due to translational motion, of most of the molecules of an ideal gas at absolute temperature T is ______ . [ REE '94, 1 ] Q 32. A vessel of volume 2 x 102 m3 contains a mixture of hydrogen and helium at 47 C temperature and 4.15 x 105 N/m2 pressure . The mass of the mixture is 102 kg . Calculate the masses of hydrogen and helium in the given mixture . [ REE '94, 4 ] Q 33. There are two vessels . Each of them contains one mole of a mono-atomic ideal gas . Initial volume of the gas in each vessel is 8.3 x 103 m3 at 27 C . Equal amount of heat is supplied to each vessel . In one of the vessels, the volume of the gas is doubled without change in its internal energy, whereas the volume of the gas is held constant in the second vessel . The vessels are now connected to allow free mixing of the gas . Find the final temperature and pressure of the combined gas system . [ REE '94, 6 ] Q 34. An ideal gas with pressure P, volume V & temperature T is expanded isothermally to a volume 2 V and a final pressure Pi . If the same gas is expanded adiabatically to a volume 2 V, the final pressure is Pa . The ratio of the specific heats for the gas is 1.67 . The ratio
Pa is ______ . Pi

[ JEE '94, 2 ]

Q 35. An ideal gas is taken through a cyclic thermodynamic process through four steps . The amounts of heat involved in these steps are Q1 = 5960 J, Q2 = 5585 J, Q3 = 2980 J and Q4 = 3645 J respectively . The corresponding works involved are W1 = 2200 J , W2 = 825 J , W3 = 1100 J and W4 respectively . (i) Find the value of W4 . (ii) What is the efficiency of the cycle ? [ JEE '94, 6 ] Q 36. A closed container of volume 0.02 m3 contains a mixture of neon and argon gases, at a temperature of 27 C & pressure of 1 x 105 Nm2 . The total mass of the mixture is 28 gm.
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QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

If the gram molecular weights of neon and argon are 20 & 40 respectively , find the masses of the individual gases in the container, assuming them to be ideal . [ Universal gas constant R = 8.314 J/mol K ] [ JEE '94, 6 ] Q 37. A gaseous mixture enclosed in a vessel of volume V consists of one gram mole of a gas A with =
Cp Cv =

7 5 & another gas B with = at a certain temperature T . The gram 5 3

molecular weights of the gases A & B are 4 & 32 respectively . The gases A & B do not react with each other and are assumed to be ideal . The gaseous mixture follows the equation ; PV19/13 = cont. in adiabatic processes . (A) Find the number of gram moles of the gas B in the gaseous mixture . (B) Compute the speed of sound in the gaseous mixture at T = 300 K . (C) If T is raised by 1 K from 300 K, find the percentage change in the speed of sound in the gaseous mixture . (D) The mixture is compressed adiabatically to
1 its initial volume V . Find 5

the change in its adiabatic compressibility in terms of the given quantities. [ JEE '95, 1 + 1 + 1 + 10 ] Q 38. At 27 C two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas occupy a volume V . The gas expands adiabatically to a volume 2V . Calculate : (i) the final temperature of the gas , (ii) change in its internal energy & (iii) the work done by the gas during the process . [ JEE '96, 5 ] Q 39. The temperature of 100 gm of water is to be raised from 24 C to 90 C by adding steam to it . Calculate the mass of the steam required for this purpose . [ JEE '96, 2 ] Q 40. Two metal cubes A & B of same size are arranged as shown in figure . The extreme ends of the combination are maintained at the indicated temperatures . The arrangement is thermally insulated . The co-efficients of thermal conductivity of A & B are 300 W/m C and 200 W/m C respectively . After steady state is reached the temperature T of the interface will be ______ .

100 C

B
0 C

[ JEE '96, 2 ] Q 41. There is a soap bubble of radius 2.4 x 104 m in air cylinder which is originally at the pressure of 105 Nm2 . The air in the cylinder is now compressed isothermally until the radius of the bubble is halved . Calculate now the pressure of air in the cylinder . The surface tension of the soap film is 0.08 Nm1 . [ REE '96, 5 ] Q 42. A vertical hollow cylinder contains an ideal gas . The gas is enclosed by a 5kg movable piston with an area of cross-section 5 x 103 m2 . Now, the gas is heated from 300 K to 350 K and the piston rises by 0.1 m . The piston is now clamped at this position and the gas is cooled back to 300 K . Find the difference between the heat energy added during heating process & energy lost during the cooling process . [1 atm pressure = 105 N m2] [ REE '96, 5 ] Q 43. A double-pane window used for insulating a room thermally from outside consists of two glass sheets each of area 1 m2 & thickness 0.01 m separated by a 0.05 m thick stagnant air space . In the steady state, the room-glass interface and the glass-outdoor interface are at constant temperatures of 27 C & 0 C respectively . Calculate the rate of heat flow through

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QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

the window pane . Also find the temperatures of other interfaces . Given, thermal conductivities of glass and air as 0.8 & 0.08 Wm1 K1 respectively . [ JEE '97, 5 ] Q 44. A sample of 2 kg of monoatomic Helium (assumed ideal) is taken P (10 N/m ) through the process ABC and another sample of 2 kg of the B C same gas is taken through the process ADC as in figure . Given, 10 - - - - - - molecular mass of Helium = 4 . 5 ------(i) what is the temperature of Helium in each of the states D A A, B, C & D ? V (m ) (ii) Is there any way of telling afterwards which sample of 10 20 Helium went through the process ABC and which went through the process ADC ? Write Yes or No . (iii) How much is the heat involved in each of the processes ABC & ADC . [ JEE '97, 5 ]
4 2

---------

---------

Q 45. A gas thermometer is used as a standard thermometer for measurement of temperature . When the gas container of the thermometer is immersed in water at its triple point 273.16 K, the pressure in the gas thermometer reads 3 x 104 N/m2 . When the gas container of the same thermometer is immersed in another system, the gas pressure reads 3.5 x 104 N/m2 . The temperature of this system is therefore ______ C . [ JEE ,97, 2 ] Q 46. The average translational kinetic energy of a molecule in a gas becomes equal to 1 eV at a temperature ______ . [ REE '97, 1 ] Q 47. Two moles of an ideal monoatomic gas are confined within a cylinder by a massless & frictionless spring loaded piston of cross-sectional area 4 x 103 m2 . The spring is, initially in its relaxed state . Now the gas is heated by an electric heated, placed inside the cylinder, for some time . During this time, the gas expands and does 50 J of work in moving the piston through a distance 0.10 m . The temperature of the gas increases by 50 K . Calculate the spring constant & the heat supplied by the heater . [ REE '97, 5 ] Q 48. Two vessels A & B, thermally insulated, contain an ideal monoatomic gas . A small tube fitted with a valve connects these vessels . Initially the vessel A has 2 litres of gas at 300 K and 2 x 105 N m2 pressure while vessel B has 4 litres of gas at 350 K & 4 x 105 N m2 pressure . The valve is now opened and the system reaches equilibrium in pressure & temperature . Calculate the new pressure & temperature . [ REE '97, 5 ] Q 49. One mole of a diatomic ideal gas ( = 1.4) is taken through a cyclic process starting from point A . The process A B is an adiabatic compression . B C is isobaric expansion. C D an adiabatic expansion & D A is isochoric . The volume ratios are and
VA = 16 VB

VC = 2 & the temperature at A is TA = 300 K . Calculate the temperature of the gas VB

at the points B & D and find the efficiency of the cycle .

[ JEE '97, 5 ]

Q 50. The apparatus shown in the figure consists of four glass columns connected by horizontal sections . The height of two central columns B & C are 49 cm each . The two outer columns A & D are open to the atmosphere . A & C A B C D 95 5 95 5 are maintained at a temperature of 95 C while the columns B & D are maintained at 5 C . The height of the liquid in A & D measured from the base line are 52.8 cm & 51 cm respectively . Determine the coefficient of thermal expansion of the liquid . [ JEE '97, 5 ]
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QUEST TUTORIALS Head Office : E-16/289, Sector-8, Rohini, New Delhi, Ph. 65395439

Q 51. Earth receives 1400 W/m2 of solar power . If all the solar energy falling on a lens of area 0.2 m2 is 25 X focussed on to a block of ice of mass 280 grams, the time taken to melt the ice will be ______ minutes . (latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.3 x 105 J/kg) [ JEE '97, 2 ]

ANSWER SHEET
Q 1. (i) T (ii) F WAd = 14.8 x 105 J Q 6. False Q 2. T = 675 K , P = 3.6 x 106 Q 4. WiSo = 1.109 x 106 J ; (iii) 124450 J
5 PV 4

Q 5. (ii) V = 113.14 litres , P = 0.440 atm Q 10. (i) 800 K (ii) 720 J

Q 8. 52.875 gm

Q 13. (i) 5 (ii)

Q 14. V = 1.42 For isothermal , P = Q = 0.58 RTA Q 21. 4 R2 KT/P

3 KT 2

Q 15. For adiabatic , P = 1.84 P, V1 =

13 30 48 P , V1 = V ; V2 = V 6 13 13

10 8 V ; V2 = V & 3 3

Q 16. (B) , W = 0.58 RTA ,

7 Crd 1 where d is density 72 10 6

Q 18. 0.318 per sec Q 22 (a) 1153 J

Q 19. t = (iii) 0

(b) 1153 J

Q 23. Q = 1.728 x 107 J

Q 24 t = 2 min. 46.3 sec. Q 31.

Q 25. 300 K

Q 26. (i) 1869.75 J (ii) 5297.6 J (iii) 500 K Q 35. (i) 765 J (ii) 10.83 %

Q 33. 96.3 C , 2.462 x 106 atm

Q 36. 23.928 g ; 4.072 g

Q 37. (d) nB = 2 ; 401 ms1 ; Q 42. 55 J

1 V ; 0.0248 6 T

Q 38. (i) 189 K (ii) 2767.23 J (iii) 2767.23 J Q 41. 8.08 x 105 Pa
6

Q 39. 12 gm

Q 40. 60 C (ii) No

Q 43. 41.5 W , 1 = 26.48 C , 2 = 0.52 C

6

Q 44. (i) TA = 120.33 K , TB = 240.66 K , TC = 481.32 K , TD = 240.66 K (iii) QABC = 3.25 x 10 J ; QADC = 2.75 x 10 J Q 47. K = 2000 N/m , dQ = 1295 J Q 51. 5.5 min Q 49. TB = 909.3 K , TD = 791.09 K , = 61.4 % Q 45. 45.536 C

Q 46. 7730 K

Q 48. P = 3.3 x 105 N/m2 , T = 338.71 K Q 50. 5.46 x 105 / C

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