0 évaluation0% ont trouvé ce document utile (0 vote)
107 vues4 pages
This document provides guidelines for estimating water consumption for various types of domestic, commercial and industrial premises. It lists estimated daily water usage per person for different types of residential buildings, offices, hotels, hospitals and more. It also estimates water usage for various facilities and processes such as laundry, cooking, swimming pools, construction sites, boilers and more. The guidelines aim to help estimate overall water needs for planning, management and conservation purposes.
This document provides guidelines for estimating water consumption for various types of domestic, commercial and industrial premises. It lists estimated daily water usage per person for different types of residential buildings, offices, hotels, hospitals and more. It also estimates water usage for various facilities and processes such as laundry, cooking, swimming pools, construction sites, boilers and more. The guidelines aim to help estimate overall water needs for planning, management and conservation purposes.
This document provides guidelines for estimating water consumption for various types of domestic, commercial and industrial premises. It lists estimated daily water usage per person for different types of residential buildings, offices, hotels, hospitals and more. It also estimates water usage for various facilities and processes such as laundry, cooking, swimming pools, construction sites, boilers and more. The guidelines aim to help estimate overall water needs for planning, management and conservation purposes.
2 Domestic Premises Dwelling house & flats : 160-180 /head/day Apartment/Condominium without pool : 20-22 m 3 /unit/month Condominium with pool : 24 m 3 /unit/month Terrace House : 30 m 3 /unit/month Semi-detached house : 38 m 3 /unit/month Bungalows/Detached house : 51 m 3 /unit/month
2 Office Staff (office without canteen) : 35 /head/day Staff (office with canteen) : 45 /head/day Visitor : 10 /head/day
2 Hotel Staff/employee : 40 /head/day Guest : 135 /head/day Visitor : 10 /head/day Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed (7.5 kg laundry/room) Overall Index: Less than 200 rooms : 25 m 3 /room/month 201-400 rooms : 36 m 3 /room/month More than 400 rooms : 46 m 3 /room/month
2 Laundrette/Laundry Laundrette : 39/kg of clothes washed Laundry : 37/kg of clothes washed
A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation
Thomas Ting/PPD 3 October 2002
2 Factory/Industrial Premises With canteen & with toilet: Staff : 60 /head/day Worker : 60 /head/day Without canteen & with toilet: Staff : 40 /head/day Worker : 40 /head/day Without canteen & without toilet: Staff : 10 /head/day Worker : 10 /head/day
2 Electronics Industry Single & Double-sided PCB : 0.76 m 3 /m 2 of board area Multi-layer PCB : 1.6 m 3 /m 2 of board area
2 Military Institute Stay-in personnel : 150 /head/day Stay-out personnel : 35 /head/day Cookhouse : 10 /head/day
2 Food Court Stall (cooking) : 40-60 m 3 /stall/month Dry food stall (No cooking) : 30 m 3 /stall/month
2 Restaurant Chinese : 80-120 /seat/day Western : 50-100 /seat/day Japanese : 75-100 /seat/day Thai : 80-100 /seat/day Indonesian : 70-90 /seat/day Fast food : 70-90 /seat/day Caf / Snack bars : 40-80 /seat/day
2 Construction Sites Staff : 1 m 3 /head/month Worker (stay-in) : 3.5 m 3 /worker/month Canteen : 20 /worker/day Vehicle washing : 20 /vehicle washed Concreting Activities : 0.25 m 3 /m 3 of concrete Over Index: Building construction : 0.6 m 3 /m 2 of floor area Batching plant : 0.29 m 3 /m 2 of concrete
A Guide to Water Consumption Estimation
Thomas Ting/PPD 4 October 2002
2 Miscellaneous Toilet washing : 120 /toilet/day (12 /min x 10 min/day) Refuse Chute / Bin Centre washing : 240 /wash/day (12 /min x 20 min/day) Staircase washing (residential flats) 1080 /stair/month (12 /min x 90 min/month) Gardening : 120 /tap/day (12 /min x 10 min/day) Cooling Tower make-up : 8-12 /ton/hr Swimming pool make-up : 10% x pools volume/month Fittings: W.C. : 180 /nos/day (overall urinal : 135-250 /nos/day Index) sink : 135-225 /nos/day Wash basin : 90-250 /nos/day shower : 135-225 /nos/day Boiler : (S x t x Y o ) /day
where: S = Quantity of steam generated (ton/hr) t = Time of operation of boiler per day (hour) Y o = As given in table below (litres)
Condensate return % of steam in contact with or used in products Y o (litres) Water consumption per ton of steam produced 0 370 0-25 590 25-50 890 50-75 1,250 Above 75 1,470