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SECTION 17-1 REVIEW

T HE S TUDY OF H UMAN O RIGINS


VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. hominid 2. prehensile 3. opposable thumb 4. great ape 5. bipedalism 6. anthropoid primate

MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.


1. The primary materials that paleoanthropologists study is the a. b. c. d.
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fossilized evidence of early hominids. skeletal remains of dinosaurs. organization of modern human societies. structure and function of the mammalian body.

2. The shape of a fossil hominids pelvis can indicate whether the hominid a. had front-facing eyes. b. walked upright. 3. All primates have a. an opposable thumb. b. rotating shoulder joints. c. color vision. d. the same number of teeth. c. ate plants or animals. d. could produce and understand speech.

4. The high degree of similarity between chimpanzee and human DNA suggests that a. b. c. d. chimpanzees and humans are in the same genus. chimpanzees and humans are probably descended from a more primitive apelike ancestor. humans are descended from chimpanzees. chimpanzees are descended from humans.

5. Humans are the only mammals to have a. b. c. d. opposable thumbs. brain areas used in the production of sounds. the ability to perceive depth. the ability to walk primarily on two legs.

Modern Biology Study Guide

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SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.


1. How could a paleoanthropologist estimate the brain size and infer the diet of an early hominid?

2. What are three distinguishing characteristics of the arms and collar of anthropoid primates?

3. Name three human characteristics that are adaptations for bipedalism.

4. What evidence indicates that humans and chimpanzees are closely related?

5. Critical Thinking The DNA of humans and chimpanzees is very similar and their bodies share many features. Name a fundamental difference between humans and chimpanzees that has spurred the rapid intellectual and cultural evolution of humans.

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STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS The diagram below illustrates the relationship between various primate groups. Fill in each box with the correct term from the following list: great apes, prosimian primates, humans, primates, anthropoid primates.
b

Tree-dwelling Resemble early primates Mostly nocturnal

Movable fingers and toes Prehensile hands Color vision

Gibbons, orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees

Opposable thumb Well-developed collarbone Rotating shoulder joint

Bipedalism Cup-shaped pelvis Speech

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Section 17-1 Review

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