Académique Documents
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MeLaphyslcs - what is real?
LplsLemology - how do we know?
Loglc - how do we reason?
AesLheucs - what is beauty?
LLhlcs - what is of value?
ollucal - how best to govern?
8eason
value
!udgmenLs
Blind Men and an Elephant
1hough each was parLly correcL,
1hey were all wrong.
AuLhorlLarlan
LlberLarlan
;"+#)3E
hup://www.pollucalcompass.org/LesL
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F
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41G/"15"* HEI
When we llved
Where we llved
WhaL we are agalnsL
WhaL we are for
Not oboot wbot ls
bot ls wbot we voloe
Problem "
Problem #
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CounLer-8evoluuon
8acklash
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hllosophles are a reacuon
CuL wlLh Lhe old - ln wlLh Lhe new
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CounLer L
Timeline of Thought
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Timeline of Thought
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CounLer L
Timeline of Thought
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8eason
Lmouon
1be 5oclol coottoct
laLher of lrench 8evoluuon
5ecooJ 1teouse of Covt
laLher of Classlcal Llberallsm
levlotboo
Leads Lo soclal conLracL Lheory.
Man ls by good buL amoral
no lnnaLe behavloral LralLs
Man ls soclal anlmal -
selsh, reasonable, LoleranL
Man ls by naLure beasL-llke
SocleLy clvlllzes
N"+1 N+5O/" ;&/AA"+/
1712-1778
N&P1 Q&5%"
1632-1704
<P&0+A .&HH"A
1388-1679
rlvaLe properLy ls lnvenLed
and explolLs Lhe poor
roperLy ls Lhe mosL
lmporLanL naLural rlghL
roperLy ls creauon of sLaLe
no prop. rlghLs agalnsL soverelgn
Consensus based on
dlcLaLorshlp of Ceneral Wlll
8epresenLauve governmenL
LlmlLed ln power
Covern llghLly
Monarchy besL form of gov
8uler ls absoluLe auLhorlLy
Cluzens have reLalned rlghLs
Pow can socleLy
combaL lnequallLy?
Pow can governmenL
proLecL Lhe cluzen and
possesslons?
Pow can socleLy prevenL
chaos and vlolence?
All Lhree belleve ln some form of Soclal ConLracL 1heory
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CounLer L
Timeline of Thought
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8eason
Lmouon
<P" 5,""* &R 3P" #"S 0)BP3 H"I
"5ome people see tbloqs os tbey ote
ooJ osk 'wby?', l Jteom tbloqs tbot
oevet wete ooJ osk, 'wby oot?'"
"1bete ls ootbloq tbot coo be cbooqeJ
mote completely tboo bomoo ootote wbeo
tbe job ls tokeo lo booJ eotly eoooqb.
- lablan soclallsL Ceorge 8ernard Shaw
Progressive Thinkers
L&1T3 $/A3 5P+1B" 3P" M&,#*U
5P+1B" 0+1%)1* +A M"##
MarxlsLs belleve LhaL
Puman naLure malnly creaLed
by soclal relauons
Pumans are capable of maklng
or shaplng Lhelr own naLure
new Man wlll be creaLed as a resulL of
soclal condluons of pure communlsm
vladlmlr SLalln
Mao Zedong
Che Cuevera
Progressive Revolutionaries
Hell is
other
people$
- SarLre
llaw wlLh Loglc on Puman naLure
8omanuc Lheory on human naLure sLaLes:
Man ls, by naLure, born good
SocleLy corrupLs man
Loglc aw
lf socleLy ls a collecuon of men
Anu all men are born good
VP+3 )1 A&5)"3E 5&,,/W3A 0+1X
7,&B,"AA)C"
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SocleLy ls a A/) B"1",)A reallLy,
compleLely new
a reallLy unlque Lo lLself and lrreduclble Lo
lLs composlng parLs
"of lLs own klnd/genus"
"unlque ln lLs characLerlsucs"
noL Lhe producL of consclous lnLenuons
lL ls creaLed when
lndlvldual consclences lnLeracL
fuse LogeLher Lo creaLe a synLheuc reallLy
greaLer Lhan Lhe sum of lLs parLs
Lmlle uurkhelm
laLher of Soclology
1838-1917
Progressive Thought
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YIELD TO
COMMON
SENSE
Common Sense&ism
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!"#$%& %()*& (%& +,
$*-./,- 0* 1*$, ,20,&03
+#0 4#$%& &%0#5,
(%&&*0 +, (4%&6,-78
Y?H,+P+0 Q)15
@&&W", :1)&1 ?**,"AA
2"M Z&,%U 2"M Z&,%
["H,/+,E 8\U >]^_
Slmllar Lo xun Zl
Conservative Thoughts
If men are so wicked as we
now see them with religion
what would they be if without it?
Leuer from 8en[amln lranklln Lo an ALhelsL
uecember 13, 1737
Spiritual Development
Pride
Greed
Lust
Gluttony
Malice
Sloth
Envy
' Deadly Sins
()***
years later
Original Sin
@P,)A6+1 H"#)"R
8orn wlLh Crlglnal Sln
Cnly way we can be saved
ls by Lhe grace of Cod.
We recelve Cod's grace by,
belng good and accepung
hls love and forglveness`
A Very Old Debate & Zoroastrianism
ZaraLhusLra 660 Lo 383 8C
Pumans are essenually good.
1wlns ln human naLure
Plgher self: Angellc
Lower self: Anlmal
1he human condluon ls Lhe
menLal sLruggle beLween
asa (LruLh - Lhe dlvlne order)
dru[ (lle - lgnorance and chaos)
@&1R/5)/A (331-479 8C)
'8y naLure men are slmllar,
by pracuce men are wlde aparL'
A Very Old Debate Confucianism
a"15)/A (370-290 8C )
Puman are baslcally good
2
3
b/1 () (312-230 8C )
Puman naLure ls evll,
TheGoldenRule
Dotoothers
whatyou
wouldwant
themtodo
toyou.
Luke6:31
Zl Cong - ls Lhere one word Lo gulde us ln llfe?
ls noL reclproclLy such a word?" - Confuclus
nott oot otbets lo woys tbot yoo
yootself woolJ foJ botqol.
-8uddhlsm - udanavarga 3:18
1haL whlch ls haLeful Lo you, do noL do Lo
your fellow. 1haL ls Lhe whole 1orah,
Lhe resL ls Lhe explanauon, go and learn.
-Plllel - 1almud
Maslow: 1oward a sychology of PealLh (1936)
Lssenual )11", 1+3/,"
8lologlcal
noL lnLrlnslcally evll
Weak, dellcaLe and subLle
8arely dlsappears
need Lo learn conLrol
Can gulde Lo good llfe
8epresslon can make us slck
unlque
Specles
Wlde
Moral loundauons 1heory
<P" ;)BP3"&/A a)1*
eople A8L dlerenL
accordlng Lo - !onaLhan PaldL
8ased on lnLuluve eLhlcs
Llberals Lend Lo welghL
falrness and care above all else
Conservauves Lend Lo
welgh all elemenLs equally
7,)15)W#" K)D
Conservauves are chasLened by Lhelr
W,)15)W#" &R )0W",R"53+H)#)3E`
nomoo ootote so[ets
lttemeJlobly ftom cettolo qtove
foolts. Man belng lmperfecL, no
perfecL soclal order ever can be
creaLed.
Russell Kirk Conservative Principles
Modern Conservative Thinkers
8eallsL v uLoplan
vlslon
1raglc v uLoplan
vlslon
ConsLralned
v unconsLralned
8ead lL
Summary & NURTURE
1. Conceptofphilosophy
2. Timelineofthought
3. Keyphilosophers
4. Religion
5. Modernpsychology
6. Modernconservativethinkers
Whichphilosophyon
humannature
doyoualignwith?
Conclusion
I
inkubator
Who denes
Good Bad
My inner struggle is not
between good and evil)
but between
my inner caveman
and the modern man
I am expected to be today$
What I see in myself
l wasn'L born wlLh a blank slaLe
l see a man wlLh
asslons, sLrengLhs and weaknesses
1houghLs LhaL come from 'who knows where'
l feel l am 10 bad and 90 good
Confuslng emouons LhaL mouvaLe me
My free wlll ls lmporLanL Lo me.
My path to self&
actualization is
my own$
I can learn from
others but I
integrate alone$
What I Believe
l prefer
Man ls 'bad' buL wanLs Lo be good
Man ls 'good' buL socleLy makes hlm bad
Man ls whaL socleLy makes hlm
?
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plan fallure
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8eason
Lmouon
;&0+165
8orn good
K&5)"3E corrupLs
=D)A3"16+#)A3
8orn wlLh blank slaLe
We choose whaL we are
7&A30&*",1)A3
8orn wlLh blank slaLe
K&5)"3E creaLes ldenuLy
My threat assessment
Do we want
social engineers
creating a New Man?