HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER

1. The heat flow rate through a 3cm thick wood board for a temperature difference of 30c between the two surfaces is 120W/m2. Calculate the thermal conducti it! of the wood. a"0.12W/m# b"0.1$ W/m# c"0.11 W/m# d"0.13 W/m#

2. %or a long fin& increasing the thermal conducti it! while keeping all other parameters fi'ed a" the temperature gradient will not be affected. b" the temperature gradient will first increase and then decrease. c" the temperature will fall at a lower rate along the length. d" the temperature will drop at a faster rate along the length.

3"The temperature ariation in lumped heat capacit! anal!sis is a"linear with time b"(uadratic with time c" cubic with time d" e'ponential with time

)"*teel balls 12mm in dia are annealed b! heating to 11$0# and then slowl! cooling to )00# in an air en ironment of for which T+,32$#&h,20W/m2#. -ssuming the properties of the steel to be k,)0W/m#&.,/000kg/m3 and c,1002/kg#& estimate the time re(uired for the cooling process. a"0.212 h b"0.312 h c"0.)12 h d"0.$12 h.

$" To increase fin effecti eness a" thermal conducti it! of the fin material should be as high as possible b"the ratio of the perimeter to the cross sectional area of the fin should be as high as possible c"the use of fins is most effecti e in applications in ol ing a low con ection heat transfer coefficient. d"all of the abo e.

1"3n a certain heat e'change& both the fluids ha e identical mass flow rate specific heat product. The hot fluid enters at /1c and lea es at )0c and cold fluid entering at 21c lea es at $$c. The effecti eness of the heat e'changer is a"0.11 b"0.$0 c"0./2 d"1.0

/"The thermal contact conductance at the interface of two plates if measured to be 11000W/m2c. The thermal conducti it! of the plate at room temperature is k,23/ W/m2c. The cross section of the plate is )0m2. 4etermine the thickness of the plate a"0.01cm b"01cm c"0.1cm d")3cm

0"Thermal conducti it! is lower for a"wood b"air c"water at 100c d"steam at 1bar.

5"%or a gi en heat flow and for the same thickness& the temperature drop across the material will be ma'imum for a"copper b"steel c"glass wool d"refractor! brick.

10" The 6randtl no for air is about a"0./ b"1./ c"0.1 d"2./

11" 3n laminar flow o er a flat plate the con ecti e heat transfer co7 efficient is proportional to a"' b"'0.$ c"'70.2 d"'70.$

12"3f the alue of 8usselt no is 100 then& a"relati el! more conduction takes place with laminar flow b" relati el! more conduction takes place with turbulent flow c" relati el! more con ection takes place with laminar flow d" relati el! more con ection takes place with turbulent flow 13" Which of the following does not depend on kinematic iscosit!9 a"8usselt no b"6randtl no c":e!nold;s no d"<rashof no

1)" The transition from laminar to turbulent flow depends on a"surface geometr! and roughness b"upstream elocit! and surface temperature c"t!pe of fluid d"all of the abo e.

1$" -ir at 20c and 1atm flow o er a flat plate 3$m/s. The plate is /$cm long and is maintained at 10c& assume =,1.501>107$kg/ms. %ind :e!nolds no a"1.1>101 b"1.)>101 c"1.$33>101 d"1.$$3>101

11"?ength and diameter of a power transistor are 10mm and 12mm respecti el!. @a'imum allowable surface temp of power transistor is 0$c& temp and con ection coefficient for air cooling are 2$c and 100W/m2# respecti el!. %ind ma'. allowable power dissipation. a"3W b"2.5)W c"3.5W d").3W

1/" An an o ercast da! the directional distribution of the solar radiation incident on the earth surface ma! be appro'imated b! an e'pression of the form 3i,3ncos& where 3n,00W/m2. *olar radiation is the total intensit! of radiation directed normal to the surface and is the Benith angle. What is the solar irradiation at the earth surface9 a"11/.1 W/m2 b"10$.1 W/m2 c"1)/.3 W/m2 d"11/.$ W/m2

10"%or an opa(ue surface a"+,1 b"+C.,1 c".,1 d"+C.CD,1

where&+7absorpi it! .7reflecti it! D7transmissi it!. 15"?i(uid air at 71)/c is stored in the space of two concentric spheres of 0.2m and 0.3m dia. The surface emissi ities are 0.020 each. -ssume the outer surface temp is 2$c. Considering onl! radiation heat transfer and taking the latent heat of li(uid air of 210kE/kg. find the rate of e aporation. Take ,2.0)>107)kE/hm2k). a"11.2$kg/h b"10.22kg/h c"23.2$kg/h d"30.1$kg/h

20"Two spheres - and F of same material ha e 1m and )m and temperatures of - and F are 1000# and $00# respecti el!. The energ! radiated b! sphere - as compared to the energ! radiated b! sphere F is a"less b"e(ual c"more d"double.

21"*hape factor of a c!lindrical ca it! with respect to itself is a")l/G)lCd" b")d/G)dCl" c"2l/G2lCd" d"2d/G2dCl"

22"Which of the H@ wa e has ma'imum energ!9 a"gamma ra! b"radio wa e c"thermal radiation d" isible wa e

23"The baffles are pro ided in the heat e'changers to a"reduce heat transfer b"increase heat transfer structure d"reduce the ibration. c"support the

2)"The 8TI of a J.H is an inde' of its a"no of tubes b"no of passes c"performance d"mode of action.

2$"8TI method of anal!sis is preferred to ?@T4 anal!sis when a"eas! of computation re(uired b"thermal heat capacities are ariable c"arrangement is comple'

d"outlet temperatures of fluid is not gi en.

21"3n a double pipe counter flow heat e'changer& if mhch,mccc the temp profiles of the two fluid along its length is a"parabolic b"cubic c"parallel straight line d"e'ponential.

2/"3n a counter flow J.H &the heat capacities for hot and cold fluids are e(ual to 0.$ then the effecti eness of the J.H is a"0.2 b"0.$ c"0.33 d"1.0

20"3n a counter flow J.H & the product of specific heat and mass flow rate is same for hot and cold fluids. 3f the 8TI is e(ual to 0.$& then the effecti eness of the J.H is a"1.0 b"0.33 c"0.$ d"0.2

25"Which t!pe of J.H is ha ing highest o erall heat transfer coefficient. a"water to water d"gas to gas. b"water to oil c"water to gasoline or kerosene

30"Cold water enters a counter flow J.H at 10c at a rate of 0kg/s& where it is heated b! water that enters the J.H at /0c at a rate of 2kg/s. assume cp,).101kE/kg. determine the ma'. heat transfer rate a"2$0#W b"$01.1#W c")00#W d")$0#Ws

31" The ratio of K finGfinite" to K fin Ginfinite length" is a" coshGm?" b" sinh Gm?" c" tanh Gm?" d" coth Gm?"

32" - copper plate 3cm thick is maintained at )000c where as the other is kept at 1000c. The thermal conducti it! of the plate is 300W/mk. The rate of heat transfer through the plate would be a"300 W/m2 b"3kW/m2 c" 3 @W/m2 d"30#W/m2 33"The inner surface of the plane brick wall is at $0c and the outer surface is t 2$c.Calculate the rate of heat transfer per m2 of the wall& which is 220mm thick. The thermal conducti it! of the bricks is 0.$1 W/m#. a" 20.1$W/m2 b"32./$ W/m2 c")/.12 W/m2 d"$/.5$W/m2 3)" - spherical shaped essel of 1.)m diameter is 50mm thick. %ind the the rate of heat leakage& if the temperature difference between the inner and outer surfaces is 220c. Thermal conducti it! of the material of the sphere is 0.003 W/m#. a"0.2 #W b"0.$#W c"1.0001 #W d"1.1#W 3$" Consider a steam pipeline of length 20m inner radius 1cm outer radius 0cm& and thermal conducti it! 20W/mC. The inner and outer surfaces of the pipe is maintained at a erage temperature of 1$00C and 100C. 4etermine the rate of heat transfer from the steam to the pipe. a"/01kW b"100kW c"021 kW d" 500 kW 31" - person is found dead at $ 6@ at his room. The room temperature is 20C and bod! temperature is 2$C. the heat transfer coefficient if the

bod! is estimated to 0W/m2 C. @odeling the bod! as 30 cm dia 1./m long c!linder k,0.11/W/mC. 4ensit! ,551kg/m3 Cp,).1/0 #2/#gC. Ti , 3/C %ind the biot number9
a)

0.$ b"0./$ c"0.05 d"0.1

3/" estimate the time of death of person using lump anal!sis a"10h b"11h c"12.2h d" 1$h

30"Thermal conductance of a c!linder ha ing length e(ual to its radius is a"kLr/2 b"1/Lrk c"L2/rk d" kLr 35" 3n a thermall! full! de eloped region with constant surface temperature Ts7Tm deca!s a"linearl! b"parabolicall! c"e'ponentiall! d"none of these Ts and Tm are surface temperature and mean bulk temperature.

)0" - surface is called a gra! surface if a"if M and are independent of direction b"if M and are independent of wa elength c" if M and are dependent on wa elength d" if M and are dependent on direction.

)1" alue of biot no for lumped s!stem anal!sis is a"N, 0.1 b"O,0.1 c",1 d" none )2"%or a flow o er flat plate laminar flow is generall! obser ed for :e!nold no less than a" 2300 b"1000 c"$>10$ d"10/ )3" 3f the nusselt no is )000 and :e!nolds no is )0& and 6randlt no is 20& then what will be the *tanton no. a"000 b"200 c"2 d"0.$ ))" %or radiation between 2 large parallel plates of emissi ities H1 and H2 & the effecti e emissi it! is gi en b! a"1/H1 C1/H2 b"H1>H2 c"1/GG1/H1"CG1/H2"71" )$"6randlt no of arious fluid in decreasing order a"oilNairNwaterNmercur! b"waterNmercur!NoilNair c"mercur!NwaterNoilNair d"oilNwaterNmercur!Nair )1" - 1m long section of a 0cm dia horiBontal hot water pipe passes through a large room whose temperature is 20C. the outer surface is at /0C. the properties of air at film temperature os )$C and 1 atm areP #,0.02155W/mC 6r,0./2)1 ,1./)5>107$m2/s 8u ,1/.) %ind :a!leigh no. a"1.$>101 b"1.0/>101 c"1./15>101 d"1./01>101

)/" find the heat loss rate b! natural Con ectionP a")20W b"))3W c"3)3 W d")00 W )0" The h!draulic diameter is defined as G-c is cross section area and 6 is perimeter" a") -c/6 b" -c/6 c" 2 -c/6 d")6 )5" 3f H is the emissi it! of the surfaces and shields and n is the number of shields introduced between the two surfaces then the o erall emissi it! is gi en b! a"1/nH b"n/H c"H/GnC1"G27H" d"1/GnC1"G27H" $0"%or infinite parallel planes with emissi ities H1 and H2 the interchange factor for radiation from surface 1 to surface 2 is gi en b! a"H1 H2/GH1CH27H1>H2" b"1/H1 C1/H2 c"H1 C H2 d" H1 > H2 $1" The shape factor of a c!linder with respect to itself is a")?/G)?C4" b" )4/G)4C?" c" 2?/ G2?C4" d"24/G24C?" $2" Consider a hemispherical furnace with a flat circular base of dia 4. determine the iew factor from dome of this surface to its base& a"0.2$ b"0.$ c"0./$ d"1 $3" 3n a 2 fluid heat inlet and outlet temperatures of hot fluids are 1$C and )$C. for the cold fluid these are 1$C and )2C. The heat e'changer is a" parallel flow b"counter flow c"condenser d"e aporator $)"The heat flow across a hollow sphere of inner radius r1 and outer radius r2 is proportional to a"Gr27r1"/Gr1>r2" b" 1/GlnGr2/r1"" c"Gr1 C r2 "/ Gr1>r2" d"Gr1 >r2"/Gr27r1"

$$"4uring a phase change process in a condenser boiler a"CminQ0 b" Cma' Q0 c"Cmin Qinfinit! d" Cma'Q infinit! $1" Which method is er! suitable for determining the siBe of a heat e'changer when the mass flow rates and onl! inlet temperatures of fluids are specified a"?@T4 method b" effecti eness R8TS method c"both d" none $/" %or a condenser or e aporator 8TI,2 then effecti eness is a"17e7)/2 c"17e72 c b"2/3 d"3/2 $0"3n a full! de eloped region of constant heat flu' and constant perimeter Tm aries a"e'ponentiall! b"linearl! c"depends on fluid properties d" parabolicall! $5" The radial heat transfer rate through hollow c!linder increases as the ratio of the outer radius to inner radius a"decreases b"increases c"constant d"none of the abo e 10"- plate fin of length ?,1.$cm and thickness 2mm has efficienc!G if #,210W/m# and h,20$W/m2#" a"0).1 b"0/.2 c"05.5 d"52.)