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Primary demand is for electric power, and liquid and gas fuel Mountainous topology limits availability of biomass resources
Renewable resources
Demand of Bioproducts&Energy
Technology
Specification of each technology
Community Agreement
No
Yes
Biomass energy
Livestock Excrement
Co-generation System
-High energy efficiency by combinations of carbonization, gasification and heat recovering systems -Electronic power generation and feed and fertilizer productions
Household
Electronic Power
Fertilizer
Feed
4,000kWh/day
1.6 t/day
500 head Swine
Feed
-Energy efficiency=70% by power generation & heat recovering -Feed Production by drying food residue using waste heat -Effective uses of ash by gasification as fertilizer
Pretreatment
(Drying)
Carbonization
(Tar, NH3,H2S etc.)
Heat
Feed production from food waste, etc.
Power Generation
Electricity
Gasification
pulverizing
Ash
High Contents of Phosphorus, Calcium, Potassium Utilization of Ash as Fertilizer
Biomass
Livestock excrement & forestry biomass
2WK
NH3
5 14 D
Fermentation with FA
Efficiency using microorganism is 2030 times higher than using fossil fuel
40-45%, 17t
25%, 12.5t
Carbonization
0%, 10t
Biomass
Forced draft drier Exhaust Heat from carbonization, 230C
Deodorization equipment
Forced Forced draft draft drier drier Dried Dried Biomass Biomass
Carbonization
Exhaust gas
Water Water
Super steam
Gasifier
Mulberry Leaves
HIGH-CALORIE GASIFICATION
Hot Gas Generation Furnace Air Dehydration Equipment Fuel Cell
Output
Electricity
Chips
Reaction Water
Gas Engine
Electricity
Heat Gas Tank Fuel Gas Biomass Gasifier Pulverizer Exhaust Flue Gas Methanol Synthesis Methanol
Powder
High-calorie syngas can be used for gas fuel, liquid fuel, and electric power.
O2
Steam (H2O)
Gasifying Agent
CO2 H2O
Ineffective Gas
CO Effective Gas H2
H C
Organic Substance Biomass Gasifying Agent
Steam (H2O)
Unit 3
Requited Heat Input
0.25 0.50 0.75 Oxygen Ratio [O2]/[C] External Heat Surplus Heat
1.00
External heat is required, although the amount of effective gas is maximized due to the complete absence of oxygen (see left side of diagram).
Secondary Gasification
Breakdown of Tar and Soot
Reaction Water
Primary Gasification
Reaction Time of 0.3~0.7s
Raw Material of Powdered Biomass Biomass Powder is Gasified Due to Partial Combustion
Combustor
Gasifier Furnace
No Formation of Tar or Soot Volume Ratio of Steam/Biomass = 2 (4061kcal/ Nm3) Composition (dry vol.%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 2.8 3.4 times greater (3344kcal/ Nm3) CO2 C2+ CH4 CO H2 N2
Direct Combustion
20 16 12
800 900 1000 Comparison: Composition and HHV of Product Gas Conventional Gasification (5MJ/Nm3, 1194kcal/ Nm3) All organic matter, with the exception of ash, is converted to gas.
Gasified gas from biomass features a higher theoretical temperature than asoline, Methane and Propane, so the gas also can be applied to gas engine & as turbine.
Air
Combustor
Gas Engine
Light Output
Dr. Sakai
Gas Gas Engine-Driven Engine-Driven Power Power Generation Generation System System
Main Main Specification Specification
Biomass Powder Feed Rate 31kg/h Wood Chips Feed Rate 20kg/h
Gasifying Agency H2O
EFFICIENCY COMPARISON OF HIGH-CALORIE GASIFICATION ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND CONVENTIONAL (DIRECT COMBUSTION) GENERATION
Biomass (ton/year) Electric Power Efficiency (%)
40 60 600 6,000 60,000 600,000
0 10
100
1,000
10,000
100,000
Particularly in Japan, where biomass resources are dispersed, small-scale installations would be highly effective.
Q e
Qth
Total Efficiency (Q e + Q th ) = (3 ~ 4) Q e
100 Total Efficiency (%) 80 60 40 20 0 0 10 20
3 2
Waste Heat
Qth
Biomass energy is converted into electricity and heat. Generally, the ratio of heat to electricity is
Qe
30
Qth
Qe
= 2~3
With generating efficiency of over 25%, total thermal efficiency of 80% can be achieved.
Specification of carbonized excretion Carbonization Temp. Supply speed Volatile component Fixed carbon Ash content 580 19.05 44.28 36.67 2.1 C % % % % 90 kg/h
Milling
Carbide
Water content
H2 CO CO2 CH4 C 2H 4
Heat
Milling
Sand separation
High-Calorie Gasification
Unit 3 Carbonization
Livestock excretion Coconut & Palm residue
Empty fruit bunch
Gas
Electricity Fuel gas
Unit 2
Liquid fuel