International Journal of Advanced Information Technology (IJAIT) Vol. 2, No.1, Fe ruary 2!

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REMOTE SENSING AND CONTROL FOR ESTABLISHING AND MAINTAINING DIGITAL IRRIGATION
A"in #ellatoglu and $ala%u ramanian &aru''anan
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(e't. of #om'. )ngg., )uro'ean *niv of +ef"e, Tur"i%h ,e'u lic of Northern #y'ru% -er%in.1!, Tur"ey
acellatoglu@eul.edu.tr
2

(e't. of )) )ngg., )uro'ean *niv of +ef"e, Tur"i%h ,e'u lic of Northern #y'ru% -er%in.1!, Tur"ey
kbala@eul.edu.tr

ABSTRACT
The remotely sensed data from an unknown location is transmitted in real time through internet and gathered in a PC. The data is collected for a considerable period of time and analyzed in PC as to assess the suitability and fertility of the land for establishing an electronic plantation in that area. The analysis also helps deciding the plantation of appropriate plants in the location identified. The system performing this task with appropriate transducers installed in remote area, the methodologies involved in transmission and data gathering are reported.. The second part of the project deals with data gathering from remote site and issuing control signals to remote appliances in the site; all performed through internet. Therefore, this control scheme is a duple system monitoring the irrigation activities by collecting data in one direction and issuing commands on the opposite direction. This scheme maintains the digital irrigation systems effectively and efficiently as to utilize the resources optimally for yielding enhanced production. The methodologies involved in e tending the two way communication of data are presented.

KEYWORDS
!igital irrigation, communication electronic plantation, remote control, remote sensing, internet

1. INTRODUCTION
/hen a land i% availa le in un"no0n area for 'lantation and cultivation, deciding to e%ta li%h a de%ira le 'lantation need% a long term inve%tigation of the de%ira le 'arameter% of the land and it% environment. An electronic method of area %urveillance and monitoring 0ould e hel'ful for %uch ta%"%. The e%%ential 'arameter% to e %en%ed for e%ta li%hing an a''ro'riate 'lantation unit 0ould e 0ater, 0ind, tem'erature and fe0 related item% 11, 22. /ater i% the main natural re%ource of irrigation %y%tem 0hich "ee'% the 'lant% to gro0 efficiently and 0ithout 0hich no 'lantation unit could e e%ta li%hed. The continuou% availa ility of 0ater throughout the 'eriod of 'lantation until cultivation ha% to e a%certained. In order to a%%e%% the %uita ility of the land, long term monitoring %uch a% the 'eriod of an year 'a%%ing through variou% %ea%on% i% needed to e gathered. The %econd %y%tem eing irrigation %y%tem it 'erform% the monitoring o'eration% during the entire 'lantation 'eriod and a%ed on the data collected nece%%ary electronic command% are i%%ued to the a''liance% in the %ite for 0atering and 'e%t %'raying re3uirement%.
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2. REMOTE SENSING OF ESSENTIAL PARAMETERS FOR PLANTATION

The remote location for 'lantation i% fir%t identified and a''ro'riate tran%ducer% for %en%ing the 'arameter% are in%talled at cho%en 'oint% y vi%iting the %ite. The tran%ducer% are di%tri uted in the identified location% in %ingle or in multi'le form% 0hich 'rovide %ufficient information for deciding the 'lant% for the area. The tran%ducer% generate electrical %ignal% of the concerned 'arameter% under con%ideration and the %ignal% are conditioned a% in conventional manner, digiti9ed to 'roduce inary information and conveyed to the com'uter through 0irele%% unit.

2.1 Parameters to be Sensed

/ater i% the 'rimary natural re%ource for the irrigation %y%tem for 'lantation unit and therefore the availa ility of 0ater %hould e a%%e%%ed fir%t and confirmed. There can e natural 0ater re%ervoir% 0hich 0ould collect 0ater flo0ing occa%ionally or continuou% flo0 of 0ater %tream% ari%ing from rain% or from o'ening of 0ater ed%. If there 0ould e hill% near y and if they hold %no0 during 0inter they al%o %u''ly 0ater in %ummer to the re%ervoir due to melting. $y 'hy%ical in%'ection a out the dee'ne%% of the re%ervoir and the ca'acity of the %torage in long term the 0ater level accumulated in the re%ervoir during different day% of the year ha% to %en%ed and monitored. There are %everal 0ater level %en%or% u%ed in 'ractice 1:.62. /e u%e here the ca'acitive ty'e of tran%ducer 0here the ca'acitance change% due to change in dielectric con%tant re%ulted due to the level of the 0ater. The ca'acitance i% converted into fre3uency 1;2 and fre3uency in turn i% converted into voltage y a fre3uency di%criminator and finally voltage i% develo'ed 'ro'ortional to 0ater level. (uring irrigation 'eriod% of the 'lantation unit the moi%ture content% of the %oil ha% to reach the de%ired level for im'roved gro0th of the 'lant%. Al%o, a%%e%%ing the natural moi%ture content% in the a %ence of 'lant% 0ould 'rovide information a out the %election of 'lant% for that location. A %imilar ca'acitive ty'e of 'ic"u' to get a voltage %ignal 'ro'ortional to moi%ture content of the %oil i% u%ed for thi% 'ur'o%e. The daily and %ea%onal variation of am ient tem'erature i% an im'ortant factor to e monitored throughout the 'eriod of inve%tigation. Thi% 0ould al%o hel' in deciding the ty'e of 'lant% for the 'lantation. /e u%e Thermi%tor ty'e of tran%ducer included in /heat%tone ridge to get a voltage %ignal 'ro'ortional to tem'erature. A''ro'riate lineari9ation 1<2 i% 'erformed y hard0are at the tran%ducer level it%elf. Natural 0ind flo0 0ithin limit% hel'% to ma"e the gro0th of the 'lant%. =eavy 0ind 0ill have ill effect on the gro0th of certain ty'e of 'lant%. Therefore the velocity of 0ind flo0 i% another de%ira le 'arameter needed to e %en%ed. In 'ractice, %everal ty'e% of 0ind flo0 %en%or% u%ed are of ultra%onic ty'e. A% thi% ty'e of %en%or cannot align it%elf to the direction of 0ind 0e u%e miniature 0indmill 1>2 to %en%e the 0ind flo0 efficiently. Therefore, de%'ite change in direction the 0ind flo0 it 'roduce% ma?imi%ed out'ut. Am ient light availa le due to %olar radiation hel'% the gro0th of mo%t 'lant%. Thi% i% another de%ira le 'arameter to e %en%ed. For thi% 'ur'o%e, %tandard 'hoto %en%or circuit i% u%ed a% am ient light tran%ducer. =umidity of the environment influence% the gro0th of mo%t 'lant%. It re're%ent% amount of 0ater va'or 're%ent in air. @tandard humidity %en%or, hygrometer, i% em'loyed to monitor the humidity 1A2. Fire detector% may hel' in a%%e%%ing ho0 e%t the area i% immune to catching fire 0ith 'lantation of certain ty'e of 'lant%. @tandard fire detector% 11!2 are u%ed in thi% 'ro8ect and "e't at %elected location% evenly di%tri uted in the field. /ith thi% the fre3uency of catching fire in %ummer and al%o in 0inter can e monitored. For a%%e%%ing the con%i%tency of the fertility of the %oil it% '= value i% monitored 1112 throughout the year during different condition% of climate. A% manual in%'ection of the %ite i% only rarely done, the movement% of fore%t animal% over the area al%o are monitored. Although %en%or% could e arranged for %en%ing moving o 8ect% for %uch re3uirement%, it i% de%ira le to ca'ture the video image of the %ite and tran%mitted to the remote
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