11

Mobility and Transport 839 -1300-05

Mobility and Transport

Pocket Statistics 2013

Neuchtel, 2013

Mobility and Transport

Pocket Statistics 2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11

Parameters for transport Funding for transport Transport infrastructure Transport enterprises Means of transport Use of means of transport Passenger transport performance Travel behaviour of the population Goods transport performance

Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page Page

3 5 6 7 8 11 14 17 20

10 Accidents 12 Costs

Page 25 Page 28

Energy consumption and effects on environment Page 26

Glossary Page 30

1 Parameters for transport

Passenger transport is growing faster than the population
Permanent resident population Increase in the resident population GDP (real) Change in GDP (real) Change in passenger transport prices Change in goods transport prices 7.95 m 10% CHF 587 bn +21% +11% +14% End 2011 20002011 2011 20002011 20002012 April 2001 Oct. 2012

The central transport parameters include demographic and economic development. At the end of 2011, around 8 million people lived in Switzerland one tenth more than in 2000. As a measure for economic performance, the gross domestic product (GDP) rose by 21% over the same period. National and international economic interdependence also increased. These factors led to an increase in the volume of transport. The amount of passenger traffic also depends on the distances between place of residence and place of work and the location of shops. In goods transport, the increasing division of labour and the concentration of production on fewer and fewer locations influence transport volumes. The price paid for the various transport modes also has a role.

Socio-economic framework for transport

125 120 115 110 105 100 95 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010
FSO

Index 2000=100

Resident population BIP (real) International economic interdependence of goods Passenger transport performance (pkm) Goods transport performance (tkm) rail, road

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Price movements in passenger transport

140 130 120 110 100 90 80 2000 Index 2000=100 Consumer price index (CPI) Public transport by road and rail Air transport Passenger cars, motorcycles, bicyles (purchase, upkeep) Fuel

2002

2004

2006

2008

2010

2012
FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Price movements in goods transport

140 130 120 110 100 90 80
April 2001 Oct. 2001 April 2002 Oct. 2002 April 2003 Oct. 2003 April 2004 Oct. 2004 April 2005 Oct. 2005 April 2006 Oct. 2006 April 2007 Oct. 2007 April 2008 Oct. 2008 April 2009 Oct. 2009 April 2010 Oct. 2010 April 2011 Oct. 2011 April 2012 Oct. 2012

Index April 2001=100 Producer price index Goods transport total Goods transport rail Goods transport road

Source: Federal Statistical Office

FSO

2 Funding for transport

Confederation pays just over half of subsidies
Public expenditure on transport Transports share of total public expenditure  Confederations share of public expenditure on transport  Road transports share of public expenditure on transport CHF 16.6 bn 11% 54% 50% 2010 2010 2010 2010

Public expenditure on transport in 2010

10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 CHF million Total 8 292 3 257 1 463 3 572 Road traffic 5 146 Total 8 022 1 011 1 866 Communes Cantons Confederation
Other expenses (water transport, air transport, transport planning, research and development): CHF 244 million

Public transport/Rail
FSO

Source: Federal Finance Administration

Revenue from road transport in 2010

1% 3% 3% 3% 15%

Petroleum tax revenue (incl. surcharge) Motor vehicle taxes and fees Distance-related heavy vehicle fee (LSVA) Customs revenue from motor vehicle imports Motorway toll sticker
52%

Fees (parking/bicycles) Revenue from VAT

22% Total: 9823 million CHF Source: Federal Statistical Office FSO

3 Transport infrastructure
Transport infrastructure covers almost a third of settlement areas
National highways of which motorways Cantonal roads Communal roads Length of railway network Transport areas as a percentage of settlement and urban areas (Switzerland without Graubnden) 1,799 km 1,415 km 18,027 km 51,638 km 5,124 km 2011 2011 2011 2011 2010

31% 2004/09

Area occupied by transport infrastructure (without Graubnden1)

Structure: 2004/09

2.1% 9.9% 7.2%

Motorways areas Road areas Railway areas Airports and airfields

50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%

Increase 1979/852004/09 49.3

80.9%
Total: 89 914 ha (without Graubnden1)
1

15.0 2.9
Motorways areas Road areas

11.5

Railway Airports areas and airfields FSO

In the survey period 1992/97, the traffic areas of Graubnden amounted to a total of 5298 ha (according to classification NOAS92).

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Length of national highways

In kilometres 2000 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: Federal Roads Office

Mixed traffic roads Two and three-lane highways Motorways (4 to 7-lane)

FSO

4 Transport enterprises
3% of all enterprises are active in the transport sector
Enterprises in the transport sector of which surface transport Employees (full-time equivalents) in transport of which surface transport Percentage of enterprises in transport sector Percentage of employees in transport (full-time equivalents) 8,341 6,919 139,182 89,613 2.6% 4.1% 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008 2008

The number of enterprises in Switzerland was roughly 322,000 in 2008, about 3% of which were active in the transport sector. While the number of enterprises in land transport fell slightly between 2001 and 2008, the number of air and water transport enterprises grew as did that of other service providers in the transport sector. The total number of employees (full-time equivalent) rose by 8% between 2001 and 2008 to just over 139,000.

Transport enterprises and employees

10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 Number of enterprises 160 000 140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 2001 Land transport and transport via pipelines
Source: Federal Statistical Office

Employees (full-time equivalents)

2005

2008 Water transport

0 Air transport

2001

2005

2008

Warehousing and provision of other services in transport sector

FSO

5 Means of transport
Over half as many private cars as inhabitants
Road motor vehicles Change Private cars Goods vehicles Motorcycles Tractive railway vehicles Aircraft registered in Switzerland 5.8 m 4.3 m 0.4 m 0.7 m 2,997 3,657 2012 2012 2012 2012 2010 2012 +71% 19802012

The pool of road motor vehicles has grown by just over two thirds since 1980 to 5.8million. Around three quarters of them are private cars. Statistically speaking, therefore, one person in two owns a car; whereby the vehicle density varies depending on the canton. Moreover, for some time a trend towards four-wheel drive vehicles and diesel-powered vehicles has been observed. There has been a particularly strong increase in motorcycles: their number has almost quintupled since 1980. In 2010, 69% of all households owned at least one bicycle.
Pool of road motor vehicles
6 000 000 5 000 000 4 000 000 3 000 000 2 000 000 1 000 000 0 1980 Vehicles Mopeds Motorcycles Industrial vehicles Agricultural vehicles Goods vehicles Passenger vehicles Passenger cars

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Roads Office

Number of cars and bicyles per household

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% No car/bicycle 1 car/bicycle 2 or more cars/bicycles

1994 2000 2005 2010 Cars

1994 2000 2005 2010 Bicycles

FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development

Level of motorisation 2012

by canton
BS BL AG ZH SH TG

JU SO

AR SG SZ

AI

LU NE BE FR VD NW OW

ZG GL UR

GR

TI GE VS

Passenger cars per 1000 inhabitants

< 480 480 519 520 559 560 599 600 CH: 535

Source: Federal roads ofce

FSO, ThemaKart, Neuchtel 2013

Passenger cars by engine capacity and fuel

100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0%
33.9

Cubic capacity
9.1 11.6 19.8 24.2 26.7 26.7 12.9 12.6 14.4 11.2 14.1 10.4

25% 20% 15% 10% 5%

Proportion of diesel vehicles

22.0 18.1

28.3

25.2

25.0

25.6

22.0

22.4

23.8

1990

2000

2010

2012

0%

2.7

4.0

1990

2000

2010

2012

up to 1399 cc from 1400 to 1799 cc from 1800 to 1999 cc

from 2000 to 2499 cc 2500 cc and over

FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Roads Office

Lorries by payload
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
15.1 13.8 18.8 19.4 62.2 6.4 16.3 20.1 16.7 17.3 12.5 18.3 18.4

53.2

42.2

39.9

1990 < 5 tonnes 5 < 10 tonnes

2000 10 < 15 tonnes 15 < 20 tonnes

2010

2012

20 tonnes and over

FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Roads Office

10

6 Use of means of transport

Passenger transport by rail shows strongest increase
Kilometre performance of private motor vehicle traffic Average occupancy of passenger cars Kilometre performance of road transport of goods Domestic transport as a percentage of heavy road transport of goods Takeoffs and landings in scheduled and charter air traffic Traffic jams on highways 53,591 m 2011 veh.-km 1.60 pers. 2010 6,063 m 2011 veh.-km 74% 2011 455,422 2012 19,921 hours 2012

Mobility needs can be met in various ways. The choice of transport means and vehicle occupancy influences road and rail traffic and affects the impact on infrastructure and environment. In passenger transport, transport performance by rail has increased by 40% since 1995 and by road (private motor vehicles) by 25%. The kilometre performance of road transport as a whole also increased by 25% over the same period. In heavy goods transport, there was a shift towards semi-trailers. The development of air transport can be gauged more easily on the basis of takeoffs and landings in Swiss airports instead of covered distances. The reason for this is that scheduled and charter traffic originating and terminating in Switzerland largely involves routes over foreign territory. Movements at the three national airports (Zurich, Geneva and Basel-Mulhouse) more than doubled between 1970 and 2012.
Kilometre performance
150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 1995 2000 2005 2010 Index 1995=100 Rail train-kilometres passenger trains Public road transport timetable kilometres Private road passenger transport vehicle-kilometres Bike vehicle-kilometres Air transport Scheduled and charter traffic movements Rail train-kilometres goods trains Road transport of goods vehicle-kilometres
FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

11

Kilometre performance or transport performance? Kilometre performance is measured in vehicle-, train- or timetable-kilometres and is useful for gauging the impact on infrastructure and environment. This would hardly be possible with the transport performance indicator, measured in person- or tonne-kilometres, because a particular transport performance, depending on the occupancy and load, is achieved with a varying number of vehicles. Transport performance does, however, show the demand for mobility as well as the services actually provided by the transport system.

Kilometre performace in road transport

70 000 60 000 50 000 40 000 30 000 20 000 10 000 0 1995 2000 2005 2010
FSO

Million vehicle-kilometres resp. timetable kilometres Bikes Public road transport (tramways, trolley buses, buses) and private coaches Heavy goods vehicles Light goods vehicles Motorcycles (incl. mopeds) Passenger cars

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Occupancy of passenger cars in 2010

(by trip purpose) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5 0.0 Total Commuting to work Education/ training Shopping Travel on business, official travel Leisure Service and escort
FSO

Passengers by car 1.99 1.60 1.12 1.36 1.64 1.24 2.05

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development

12

Takeoffs and landings in civil aviation

(National and regional airports) 1 200 000 1 000 000 800 000 600 000 400 000 200 000 0
1950 1960 1970 1980 1985 1990 1995

Movements

...

...

2000

2005

2010

Scheduled flights

Charter flights

Other commercial flights

Non-commercial flights
FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office of Civil Aviation

Takeoffs and landings in civil aviation, 2011

Basel-Mulhouse
St.GallenAltenrhein

Bressaucourt Zrich
Birrfeld La Chaux-de-Fonds Les Eplatures Grenchen Bern-Belp

Ecuvillens LausanneLa Blcherette Samedan

Genve

Sion LuganoAgno

Number of ight movements

278 966 100 000 5 225 Sources: FSO; FOCA

Type of movements
Scheduled ights Charter ights Other commercial ights* Non-commercial ights

*excluding commercial pleasure ights FSO, ThemaKart, Neuchtel 2013

13

7 Passenger transport performance

Three quarters of transport performance is covered by private motor vehicles
Transport performance by rail and road (incl. non-motorised traffic) Change Share of public transport Air passengers in scheduled and charter flights (local and transfer passengers) 121.6 bn pkm +19% 20% 44.4 m 2011 20002011 2011 2012

The sum of all the distances covered on road and rail by residents and foreigners in Switzerland was 122 billion person-kilometres in 2011 (including non-motorised traffic). This represents an increase of 19% compared to 2000. 74% of transport performance in 2011 was accounted for by private motorised transport, 20% by public transport and 6% by non-motorised transport (by foot and by bicycle). In 2012, Swiss airports and regional airports registered a total of 44 million passengers in scheduled and charter flights (local and transfer passengers), 29% more than in 2000.

Passenger transport performance

140 000 120 000 100 000 80 000 60 000 40 000 20 000 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Source: Federal Statistical Office FSO

Million person-kilometres Non-motorised transport Public road transport Railways and cable railways ... ... Private motorised road transport

14

Transport performance by means of transport in 2011

84 889

40 000
Person-kilometres per year (millions)

30 000

20 000

10 000

Private cars

Public Motorcycles Bicycles road transport

Walking

Railways

Special railways

Public ships FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Air passengers scheduled and charter flights

50
Local and transfer passengers (millions)

40

30

20

10

1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 Scheduled flights

2000

2005

2010 2012

Charter flights
FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office of Civil Aviation

15

Private motorised transport Private (cars) motorised transport (cars) Persons per year Persons per year (in millions) (in millions) <1
<1 <5 <5 < 10 < 10 < 20 < 20 < 30 < 30 30 30

Passenger trafc ows in 2011 Passenger trafc ows in 2011

Public transport by rail and road Public transport by rail and road Persons per year Persons per year (in millions) (in millions) <1
<1 <5 <5 < 10 < 10 < 20 < 20 < 30 < 30 30 30

Sources: FSO GEOSTAT; ARE INFOPLAN; DETEC trafc modeling (ARE) Sources: FSO GEOSTAT; ARE INFOPLAN; DETEC trafc modeling (ARE)

FSO; ARE 2013 FSO; ARE 2013

16

8 Travel behaviour of the population

Half the distance around the world is covered per person every year
Average daily distance per person (in CH) Change Share of motorised private transport Share of leisure traffic Average daily travel time (including waiting and transfer times) 36.7 km 66% 40% 91.7 min. 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 +5% 20002010

Annual mobility per person (in CH and abroad) 20,500 km

On average, each Swiss resident covered a daily distance of just under 37 km within Switzerland in 2010, 5% more than in 2000. The daily distances (66% in 2010) are largely covered by private motorised transport. Leisure activities account for the main trip purpose with 40% of distances, followed by commutes to work with 24%. In a comparison of population groups, men, young people aged between 18 and 24 and residents of rural communities cover the longest daily distances. Typically, one and a half hours every day are spent on travel. On average, Swiss residents undertake 2.4 trips with overnight stays per person per year. After Switzerland, the most popular destinations are the neighbouring countries Germany, Italy and France. The total distance covered by a person resident in Switzerland during trips within Switzerland and abroad in 2010 added up to around 20,500km on average. This is equivalent to half the distance around the world.

Average daily distance by means of transport

40 30 20 10 0
21.8 2.5 24.4 2.7 24.3 2.8 24.4 2.8

Kilometres per person in CH

1.5 5.6 1.8 6.1 1.1 7.0 0.9 8.6

Other transport means Public transport Motorised private transport Non-motorised transport

1994 (Total 31.3)

2000 (Total 35.0)

2005 (Total 35.2)

2010 (Total 36.7) FSO

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development

17

Average daily distance by means of transport in 2010

Commuting to work (8.9 km) Education/training (2.0 km) 24% Shopping (4.7 km) Travel on business/official travel (2.5 km) Leisure (14.7 km) Service and escort (1.8 km) 5% 40% 7% 13% Others (2.1 km)

5%

6%

Total (Daily distance per capita in CH): 36.7 km Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development FSO

Average daily distance by trip purpose in 2010

50 40 30 20 10 0 Kilometres per person in CH

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development

18

6 17 ye 18 ar s 2 4 ye 25 ar s 4 4 ye ar 45 s 6 4 ye 65 ar s 7 80 9 an ye Inh d a rs co ab m or m .o e m fa ye un g ar es glo s an me d ra ag iso ti o gl Inh l n om a ate c er bita d c ore at n io ts ities n o co f o m th m I n ru ha un er ra b e l c ita s om nt mso un f es
FSO

ta

en M

To

om

en

Commuters according to starting and end point of their commute to work, in 20111
Urban area 14% Urban area Urban area Rural area 12% 5% 14% 55% Rural area same urban area another urban area rural area urban area rural area

The percentages were calculated based on a sample in which persons with missing commute data were not considered. FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Journeys with overnight stays according to destination in 2010

2.4 journeys per person
9% 15% 9%

10%

Lake Geneva region

23%

Espace Mittelland Northwestern Switzerland

43% 26% 34% 6% 5% 20%

Zurich Eastern Switzerland Central Switzerland Ticino

Switzerland Neighbouring countries Rest of Europe Destinations outside Europe

Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Office for Spatial Development FSO

19

9 Goods transport performance

The share of goods transport by rail has considerably decreased since 1980
Goods transport performance Change Rail transport share Transalpine trips by heavy goods vehicles (through Switzerland) Change Rail share of goods transport in trans alpine goods transport (through Switzerland) 27.7 bn t-km 37% 1.21 m +287% 63% 2011 2011 2012 19812012 2012 +90% 19802011

In 2011, the goods transport performance amounted to around 27.7 billion tonne- kilometres. The highest previously recorded value was 28.2 billion tonne-kilometres in 2008. Up to 2011, goods transport did not completely manage to recover from the decrease following the financial and economic crisis. If the entire period from 1980 to 2011 is considered, transport performance increased by 90%. The rail share of goods transport fell from 53% to 37%. The number of transalpine trips through Switzerland by heavy goods vehicles increased fivefold between the opening of the Gotthard tunnel in 1981 and the year 2000. Since 2001, the values have decreased slightly. In 2012, a total of 37.5 million net tonnes of goods were transported by road and rail over Swiss alpine passes; 63% by rail. Its share in transalpine transport has decreased since 1981 but is still considerably greater than in Austria and France.

Goods transport performance

30 000 25 000 20 000 15 000 10 000 Million tonne-kilometres Road Rail

5 000 0 1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

20

Domestic and international transport performance by road and rail in 2011

18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000
1

Million tonne-kilometres Transit Export Import Domestic transport

4 000 2 000 0 Road 1 Rail 2

Heavy goods vehicles only Including the proper weight of good vehicles (incl. trailers) containers and swap bodies in mulitmodal transport

Source: Federal Statistical Office

FSO

Domestic and international transport performance by road

Heavy goods vehicles Index 1993=100 Transit Export Import Domestic transport Total

300 275 250 225 200 175 150 125 100 75

50 1993 1995

2000

2005

2010 2011
FSO

Source: Federal Statistical Office

21

Transport performance by road by vehicle type

18 000 16 000 14 000 12 000 10 000 8 000 6 000 4 000 2 000 0 1993 1995 2000 2005 2010
FSO

Heavy goods vehicles million tonne-kilometres Heavy semi-trailers and articulated lorries foreign vehicles Lorries foreign vehicles Heavy semi-trailers and articulated lorries domestic vehicles Lorries domestic vehicles

Source: Federal Statistical Office

Transalpine goods transport by road

(number of trips by heavy goods vehicles in Switzerland) 1500 1000 vehicles Domestic vehicles Foreign vehicles 1200

900

600

300

0 1981 1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010
FSO

Sources: Federal Office of Transport, Federal Roads Office

22

Transalpine goods traffic volumes

(Mt. Cenis/Frjus-Brenner alpine arc) 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Million tonnes France 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0

Switzerland

Austria

19 80 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 20 10

Rail

Road
FSO

Source: Federal Office of Transport

Railway share of transalpine goods traffic

(Mt. Cenis/Frjus-Brenner alpine arc, % basis: transported tonnage) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
FSO

80 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 20 10

Source: Federal Office of Transport

19 80 19 85 19 90 19 95 20 00 20 05 20 10
Switzerland Austria France

19

23

Road Road Tonnes per year Tonnes per year (in millions) (in millions) <1
<1 < 2.5 < 2.5 <5 <5 < 7.5 < 12.5 7.5 < < 12.5 12.5 12.5

Goods trafc ows in 2011 Goods trafc ows in 2011

Rail Rail Tonnes per year Tonnes per year (in millions) (in millions) <1
<1 < 2.5 < 2.5 <5 <5 < 7.5 < 12.5 7.5 <

< 12.5 12.5 12.5

Sources: FSO GEOSTAT; ARE INFOPLAN; DETEC trafc modeling (ARE) Sources: FSO GEOSTAT; ARE INFOPLAN; DETEC trafc modeling (ARE)

FSO; ARE 2013 FSO; ARE 2013

24

10 Accidents
80% decrease in the number of people killed on the road since 1970
Road traffic Persons killed Persons seriously injured Persons slightly injured Rail traffic: Persons killed (excluding suicides) Air traffic: Persons killed in Switzerland 339 4,202 18,016 28 16 2012 2012 2012 2012 2012

339 people in total were killed on Swiss roads in 2012 80% less than in 1970. This downward trend is due to technical, legal and educational reasons. However, the coach accident in Sierre (VS) on 13 March 2012 led to an increase in the number of road deaths compared to the previous year. Since 1970, the percentage of persons seriously injured in road traffic has fallen almost as much as that of people killed. Slight injuries in road traffic showed a different trend: Their number has also fallen since 2003, but had been rising for a long time before that year. Accidents with killed and injured occur much more rarely in other transport modes. In the case of railways, they mainly involve persons trespassing on railway property.
Victims of road accidents
140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005
Sources: Federal Statistical Office, Federal Roads Office

Index 1970=100 Killed Seriously injured Slightly injured

2011
FSO

25

11 Energy consumption and effects on environment

Transport consumes more energy than the household
Transports share of energy consumption (final consumption) Transports share of CO2 emissions Growth rate of transports CO2 emissions 36% 38% 12% 2011 2011 19902011

The benefit of mobility (Chapters 7 to 9) comes at the cost of undesirable effects. Apart from accidents, these also include the use of scarce energy resources as well as noise, air pollutants and greenhouse gases. Transport accounts for 36% of domestic energy sales. It is therefore the largest energy consumer group, ahead of the households and industry. As 96% of transport energy requirements are covered by petroleum products, its share of total petroleum consumption is as high as 65%. A large proportion of air pollution and the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO2) comes from the road and air transport. Road transport is also the main source of nitrogen oxide (NOX), a precursor substance of low-level ozone and a contributory cause of acid rain. Road transport also releases large amounts of health-damaging particulate matter (PM10, see info box on the right). Thanks to technological advances such as diesel-particulate filters and catalytic converters, air pollutant emissions caused by transport have been markedly reduced in recent years. However, the limit values set for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and fine particulate matter are in some cases still being greatly exceeded.
Energy consumption from transport
Final consumption in TJ, without gas and other energies 2011 4% 22% 42%

350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000

1%

Petrol Diesel Kerosene Electricity (rail and public road transport) Gas and other energies

33% 1995 2000 2005 2010

Total: 311 090 TJ

0 1990

Source: Swiss Federal Office of Energy

FSO

26

CO2 emissions from transport

18 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 1990 In millions of tonnes of CO 2 2011 (not incl. internat. air transport) Private cars Delivery vans Lorries/ buses Motorcycles 1.5% Petrol tourism Rail 0.2% Shipping 0.7% 1995 2000 2005 2010 National air traffic 0.8% Pipelines 0.3%
FSO

9% 14% 5% 68%

Total: 16.1 m tonnes

Transport (not incl. internat. air transport) International air transport

Source: Federal Office for the Environment

PM10 exhaust emissions from motorised road transport

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2012
FSO

Tonnes Coaches Scheduled bus services Heavy commercial vehicles Delivery vans/light commercial vehicles Private cars

Source: Federal Office for the Environment

Fine particulate matter (PM10) Fine particulate matter (PM10) refers to particulates with a diameter of less than one 10000th of a millimetre. These can penetrate deep into the lungs and lead to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The carcinogenic components of emission from diesel engines are particularly harmful.
27

12 Costs
The costs of road transport are about six times that of rail transport
Passenger transport Costs of private road transport Costs of public passenger transport Goods transport Costs of goods transport by road Costs of goods transport by rail CHF 16.3 bn CHF 2 bn 2005 2005 CHF 51.3 bn CHF 9 bn 2005 2005

The economic costs of road and rail transport, that is the actual sums paid by causers, the state or third parties, as well as the non-monetary costs such as damage to the environment and noise, totalled CHF 82 billion in 2005. In comparison, the GDP then stood at CHF 479 billion. Thus, the costs of mobility exceeded those of, for example, health care or the public education system. Road transport accounted for about six times more than rail transport of the total mobility costs of CHF 82 billion. Over a tenth of the total costs were external costs that were borne by people other than the causers (see info box on the right). 90% of these costs were caused by road transport.

Economic costs of traffic in 2005

60 50 40 30 20 10 0 2.9 Private Public Goods passenger passenger transport transport transport Road
Source: Federal Statistical Office

CHF billion 51.3 Environment Safety Infrastructure Transport means

16.3 6.5
1

2.4

1 1

Rail: not including 2.4 billion CHF ancillary businesses and inter-company invoicing

Passenger Goods transport transport Rail 1

FSO

28

External costs of transport People choose their mode of transport on the basis of the cost they have to bear themselves (fuel, maintenance and depreciation of their own vehicles, the price of tickets and season tickets, payments to transport companies). However, the so-called external costs, which are borne by third parties (often the community as a whole), are not taken into account. These include in particular the consequential costs in the form of damage to the environment and health, as well as damage to buildings and loss in value. In passenger transport, travelling with ones own car causes many more external costs than travelling by public transport. The same applies to goods transport by road compared with rail. Most transport in Switzerland is by road. The result is transport structures which impose great burdens on the community and do not achieve an economic optimum.

External costs of transport in 2009

9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 Road Goods transport Passenger transport
1

CHF million
8459

Road 8459 CHF milion

9% 11% 14% 4% 23% 15% 25%

1941

Accidents Noise Health Buildings Climate Other environmental areas Nature and landscape

6518

Rail 494 CHF milion

5% 494 24% 17%

325 Rail 1

169
20% 4% 1% 29%

Passenger transport including third parties FSO

Source: Federal Office for Spatial Development

29

GLOSSARY
Daily distance Average distance travelled per person per day in Switzerland. External costs Costs which are not borne by the causer but by other users or by the general public (inter alia: part of the costs of accidents, noise, airpollution etc.). Goods transport performance Variable to describe performance in goods transport, which takes account both of weight of goods and the distance they are transported. The transport distance is expressed in tonne-kilometres, a tonne-kilometre referring to the transport of one tonne over one kilometre. International economic interdependence Average value of imports and exports of goods and/or services as a percentage of GDP. Kilometre performance Distance covered by vehicles within a specific period of time. Kilometre performance is specified in vehicle kilometres (veh.-km), train or timetable kilometres. Local passengers An airports local passengers start or end their flight at the relevant airport. Means of transport group Inclusion of different means of transport in the categories of public, private and nonmotorised traffic. Modal split Distribution of transport service among various transport modes (e.g. road, rail). Non-motorised traffic On foot, bicycle. Person-kilometres Unit used to measure the transport performance where one passenger-kilometre is a kilometre travelled by one person. Tonnne-kilometres, tkm Unit used to measure the transport performance which refers to the transport of one tonne over one kilometre. This is calculated including the weight of the packaging directly surrounding the goods. Unless otherwise specified, the weight of the vehicle and transport containers is not considered. Transport mode Infrastructure or the mediums by which means of transport move (road, rail, water, air). Transport modes are also used to group the means of transport. Transport performance Total distance covered by persons in one year, measured in kilometres per person. Transfer passengers An airports transfer passengers are in transit and continue their journey with another flight. These passengers are counted twice, once on arrival and again on departure.

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Websites Transport statistics (summaries) www.transport-stat.admin.ch Transport policy (summaries) Roads Public transport Aviation Finances Accidents Energy Environment www.are.admin.ch www.astra.admin.ch www.strasseschweiz.ch www.bav.admin.ch www.litra.ch www.bazl.admin.ch www.efv.admin.ch www.unfalldaten.ch www.bfe.admin.ch www.bafu.admin.ch www.environment-stat.admin.ch

Imprint Publisher: Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA Federal Statistical Office (FSO), Neuchtel Information: Telephone: 032 713 64 76 E-mail: verkehr@bfs.admin.ch Order number: Telephone: Fax: Email: Editing and production: Cover graphics: Published in German, French, Italian and English 839-1300-05 As a PDF on the Internet www.transport-stat.admin.ch 032 713 60 60 032 713 60 61 order@bfs.admin.ch Katharina Schnorr, Ferenc Biedermann, FSO FSO; Concept: Netthoevel & Gaberthel, Biel; Photograph: Robert Kneschke Fotolia.com FSO 2013
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Neuchtel, 2013