WOW!

Womens Overall Wellness Presented by:

Echelle Avelar, M.S Raquel Gutierrez, M.S Pepper Lopez, M.S Giulana Zago, M.S

Learning Outcomes
Have a better awareness of Sexual Assault and it prevalence for college

women.
To understand what Rape and Acquaintance Rape are and identify resources

available for dealing with sexual assault/ violent crimes on and off campus.
All students will understand the correlation between alcohol consumption and

sexual assault, as well as the importance of drinking responsibly, and understanding one's limits.
To educate and empower individuals to intervene safely and effectively

when witnessing a possible sexual assault situation and provide support for those who have experienced sexual assault.

Agenda
Welcome University Village Experience Survey- Overall call for Safety Sexual Assault Rape Acquaintance Rape Alcohol Consumption Rape Myths Stalking Bystander/Allies Empowerment

Safe Space Ground Rules

One person speaks at a time No interrupting Be respectful Speak in I Statements Maintain right to not share Listening

Do not share information outside the group

with other residents

Others?

Sexual Assault
Definition of Sexual Assault (Department of Justice, 2010) Sexual assault is any type of sexual contact or behavior that occurs without the explicit consent of the recipient. CPP: refers to the act of violence in which sex is a weapon used by the perpetrator.

Rape Incest Ritual Abuse Sexual Harassment Acquaintance Fondling Date/ Acquaintance Rape Marital Partner Rape Report Exposure White House Council on Women and Girls entitled, Rape and Sexual Assault: A Renewed Call Voyeurism

24 1 in 5 90%
per minute

12%

to Action & National Institute of Justice, 2012

Rape
According to the Rape Treatment Center The definitions of rape is the nonconsensual intercourse that involves the threat of force, violence, immediate and unlawful bodily injury or threats of future retaliation and duress.

Under the influence or alcohol/drugs Sleeping or unconscious Under the age of 18

A victim is NEVER responsible for a sexual assault. The responsibility for rape rests completely with the assailant.

Date or Acquaintance Rape

90%

The most common type of rape in our society today.

Most commonly occur in on-or off campus housing (the room of either the survivor or perpetrator)
National Institute of Justice, 2012

Undetected Rapist
http://vimeo.com/73388289

How did this video make you feel? Do you think this happens often on college campuses? Why? Do you think this could happen at Cal Poly? Why or Why not? Do you know anyone that this has happened to? What can we do to prevent this from happening to ourselves and our friends?

Alcohol & Rape: A Connection?

The Role of Alcohol in Rape, Causation & Correlation Issues, & Staying Safe When Drinking

Alcohol & Rape: A Connection?

Sophomore Matt and freshman Brandy start hanging out.

Case Study

Theres definitely chemistry between them. After a few weeks, Spring Break comes around and they agree to go away for two days to Rosarito Beach.
Theyve gotten close but havent had sex, although shes spent the night in his room. His friends say to him, Shell loosen up with a little tequila. In Rosarito Beach, Matt and Brandy start doing shots of tequila. Back in the room they start fooling around. She tells him the room is spinning and that she feels sick and thinks she is going to pass out from all the tequila. He says Dont worry and they have sex. In the morning she says to Matt angrily, What did we do!?

Is this rape?
adapted from City of San Diegos Police Pamphlet, What Colege Women Should Know About Sexual Assault, Rape, and Sexual Battery?

Alcohol & Rape: A Connection?

Case Study

Yes!

Someone who says they are about to pass out from alcohol (or drugs) is not in a position to give consent to sex. In California, the law says an intoxicated person may be incapable of resisting and therefore cannot give consent. Because this crime occurred in Mexico, Mexican authorities would investigate this case and Mexican law would apply.

adapted from City of San Diegos Police Pamphlet, What Colege Women Should Know About Sexual Assault, Rape, and Sexual Battery?

 75% of all sexual assaults on college campuses occur with alcohol being a factor, with 55% of rape victims having reported drinking prior In 81% of alcohol related sexual assaults both the perpetrators and victims had been drinking Each year on college campuses more than 97,000 students between the ages of 18 and 24 are victims of alcohol-related sexual assault or date rape. At a nearby university, acquaintance rape accounts for nearly 90% of sexual assault incidents as reported by its students. One study found that 70% of women and 80% of men had been drinking when a sexual assault occurred.

Alcohol & Rape

Statistical Connections

Alcohol & Rape

Alcohol and its Role in Acquaintance Rape

Alcohol provides individuals with unwarranted passes towards sexual aggression, allowing for perpetrators to ignore sexual boundaries in response to reduced inhibitions, impacting the ability for a victim to protect themselves from factors that could warrant a potential assault When drinking alcohol men expect to become more sexualized and as a result are more likely than women to interpret ambiguous cues as evidence of sexual intent Alcohol also increases misperceptions because it reduces persons capacity to analyze complex stimuli, resulting in misinterpretations of intent Women and their experience with sexual assault: it has been determined that as a result of alcohols effects on motor skills women may be limited in their ability to resist sexual assault effectively Women Drinking & Stereotypes: some men believe that women who drink are more sexually available than those that do not it has been reported that some men drink as way to justify or excuse their offenses

Alcohol & Rape

Alcohol DOES NOT Cause Rape
important to note that other variables, like personality traits, peer group norms, preexisting beliefs, or situational factors may contribute to sexual assault Individuals who commit acquaintance rape do not do so because they are intoxicated; they make the choice to commit the crime Gas in Car Example Individuals who have been drinking and are sexually assaulted do not ask to be raped; they are coerced, unaware, or held against their will Fighting Against Societal Norms: Women are expected to set limits on sexual behavior activities and as a result are often held responsible when men overstep them We must address these biases

What are your opinions on this issue?

Alcohol & Rape

The Importance of Staying Safe When Drinking

Drinking can impair your ability to make sound decisions Set limits about alcohol consumption, what you want to do/not do sexually Be aware of how alcohol affects you (makes you vulnerable, aroused, etc.) Know your limits: you have a right to say no! Communicate your limits forcibly and directly Listen to your gut feelings. If you feel uncomfortable or at risk, leave and go to a safe place Remove yourself from a situation at the first sign that you are feeling controlled or unsafe Be aware of verbal/non-verbal cues that can alert you to a problem Dont feel afraid to make waves if you feel threatened Buddy system Do not assume that if you are with a friend or an acquaintance that nothing bad will happen Warning signs that a person may not be capable of consenting to sexual activity: A persons speech is slurred A person seems out of it, stumbling, etc.

Can You Think of Any Other Ways to Stay Safe?

What is Rape Myth?

Rape myths are attitudes and beliefs that are generally false but are widely and persistently held, and serve to deny and justify male sexual aggression against women.
(Ryan, 2011)

Examples of Rape Myths

She asked for it. It wasnt really rape. He didnt mean to. She wanted it.
Men cannot stop themselves once they

become aroused [blue balls]. (Ryan, 2011)

Alcohol reduces the perpetrators culpability

and increases the victims blame. (Ryan, 2011)

Husbands or boyfriends cannot rape their

She lied.
Rape is a trivial event. Rape is a deviant

wives or girlfriends. (Edwards, Turchik, Dardis, & Reynolds, 2011 )

Women enjoy rape. (Edwards, et al, 2011)

event.

The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale [IRMA] Subscales (Lonsway, Cortina, & Magley, 2008)

Real Rape Script

The typically held rape script for both women and men goes roughly like this: There is a deranged crazed strange weird man lurking outdoors at night that with sudden fury jumps from the darkness to attack an innocent woman whom is unknown to him but has presented an opportunity by being alone and isolated. She resists or may be much too afraid to resist fearing for her safety. Her only mistake which lead to the attack was being in the wrong place at the wrong time. (Ryan. 2011)

Date Rape Script

Analysis has described the techniques of the date rapist to include drugging, extortion, fraud, and lying. Date rapists are likely to use alcohol or drugs to intoxicate a woman. They may frequently declare their love, pledge to deepen the relationship, or threaten to terminate it. The research suggests that men who are date rapist utilize coercion, manipulation, and deceit as their primary tools to victimize (Ryan, 2011). These men may also believe that they gain status form having sex against a womens will or from a demonstration of sexual conquest as the ultimate male dominance of a woman. They may also experience addition nuances of prestige for teaching a lesson to a woman who has been labeled a tease or a gold digger (Ryan, 2011). Alcohol is frequently a reality of date rape with seventy-three and fifty-five per cent of perpetrators and victims respectively being under its influence during an assault Research on college students determined alcohol usage to be a very strongest predictor of date rape, and its use has been reported to be twice as likely to be an element of a sexual assault over physical force (Loiselle & Fuqua, 2011).

The Predictors of Rape &Sexual Assault

Males, athletes, pledges of fraternities and

sororities (McMahon, 2010)

Willingness to intervene (McMahon, 2010) Study results indicate that college students as a

whole support rape myths (Mc Mahon, 2010)

Sexual harassment myth and rape myth

(Lonsway, Cortina, & Magley, 2008)

Stalking
Stalking is defined as a pattern of behavior that makes you feel afraid, nervous, harassed, or in danger.

Is a Crime in CA
18-24 year olds have the highest rate

Unwanted phone calls Voicemails Text messages, Spying, Sending unwanted gifts, letters and E-mails Showing up uninvited to the victims location or waiting for him or her at a particular location Damaging your property Knowing your schedule Creating a website about you Any other actions that a stalker takes to contact, harass, track or frighten you
Campus Safety Magazine

Stalking Behavior can Include:

1-20

Bystander

Who is a Bystander?

Intervene in situations that involve sexual violence Interrupting situations that could lead to assaults before it happens or during an incident Speaking out against social norms that support sexual violence Having skills to be an effective and supportive ally to survivors

Banyard, Maynihan & Plante (2007)

Discussion
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE9FFvIYPg8

Who was a bystander in the video? What could they have done to safely intervene?

Empowerment
Every student has the right to enjoy college without experiencing sexual assault or rape.

Inform and Educate Support and build skills Decision making &

making good choices

Ten Tips For Empowering Women

1. Stop Criticism 2. Dont Scare Yourself 3. Be Committed to the Relationship 4. Treat Yourself as Though You Are Loved 5. Take Care of Your Body
Louise L. Hays book, Empowering Women, Every Womans Guide to Successful Living. Hay is the author of 18 books, including You Can Heal Your Life.

Empowering Women
6. Educate Yourself 7. Build a Financial Future For Yourself 8. Fulfill Your Creative Side 9. Make Joy and Happiness the Center of Your World 10. Have Integrity
Louise L. Hays book, Empowering Women, Every Womans Guide to Successful Living. Hay is the author of 18 books, including You Can Heal Your Life.

Take Away Campus Resources

Step by step how to report Sexual Assault http://www.csupomona.edu/~oslcc/vpwrc/howto-report-sexual-assault.shtml

Additional Resources
RAINN: Rape, Abuse, and Incest National Network http://rainn.org/

You can call the Violence Prevention & Women's Resource Center at (909) 869-3112. You may also call Project SISTER Sexual Assault Crisis and Prevention Services 24-hour hotline at (909) 626-4357.

Help is available

End Rape on Campus http://endrapeoncampus.org/ National Sexual Violence Resource Center http://nsvrc.org/ SAFER: Students Active for Ending Rape http://safercampus.org/

CPP COUNSELING SERVICES HOTLINE @ 909-869-3220, THEN PRESS 2 SPEAK TO SOMEONE 24 HOURS A DAY/7 DAYS A WEEK BY CONTACTING THE LOS ANGELES COUNTY DEPARTMENT OF MENTAL HEALTH ACCESS CENTER AT 1-800-854-7771

University of New Hampshire Prevention & Innovations http://cola.unh.edu/preventioninnovations

Questions, Comments, Concerns

Assessment Thank You!

You can reach us at: Echelle Avelar: eravelar@csupomona.edu Raquel Gutierrez: rgutierrez12@apu.edu Pepper Lopez: peppermlopez@gmail.com Giulana Zago: gzago12@apu.edu

References
Acquaintance Rape https://www.rainn.org/get-information/types-of-sexual-assault/acquaintance-rape Campus Safety Magazine http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/Stopping-Stalkers http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/sexual-assault-investigation-basics http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/bystanders-your-best-weapon-against-sexual-assault http://www.campussafetymagazine.com/article/abuse-the-dark-side-of-dating-on-campus Rape Treatment Center http://www.911rape.org/campus-rape/what-students-need-to-know/alcohol-use-and-sexual-assault Date Rape http://vimeo.com/73388289 Bystander Support and Allies Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., & Crossman, M. T., (2009). Reducing sexual violence on campus: The role of student leaders as empowered bystanders. Journal of College Student Development. 50(4), 446-457. Banyard, V. L., Moynihan, M. M., & Plante, E. G. (2007). Sexual violence prevention through bystander education: An experimental evaluation. Journal of Community Psychology, 35, 463-481. Winerip, M. (2014). Stepping up to stop sexual assault. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/09/education/edlife/stepping-up-to-stop-sexualassault.html?_r=o Bystander Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE9FFvIYPg8

References cont. Alcohol Consumption & Rape Abbey, A. (2002). Alcohol-related sexual assault: A common problem among college students. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse. Clark, C. L., Shaver, P. R., & Abrahams, M. F. (1999). Strategic behaviors in romantic relationship initiation. Personality Social Pyshcology, (25), 707-720. Columbia university: Relationships and sexual violence. (2014). Retrieved from https://health.columbia.edu/topics/violence/alcohol-sexual-assault Counseling services: Alcohol and sexual assault. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.butler.edu/counseling-services/victim-advocate/alcohol%C2%A0and-sexual-assault/ Hampton, S. (2013). Alcohol and sexual assault: The connection [Web log post]. Retrieved from http://www2.potsdam.edu/alcohol/Controversies/1109127234.html#.Uzin7pWPIhc The Healing Place: Taking Action Against Sexual Assault and Child Abuse. (2013). Protection against acquaintance rape [Brochure]. Author. Retrieved from http://www.thehealingplace.info/category/prevention/ Humphrey, J. A., & White, J. W. (2000). Women's vulnerability to sexual assault from adolescence to young adulthood. Adolescent Health, (27), 419-424. Koss, M., & Cleveland, H., III. (1996). Athletic Participation, fraternity membership and date rape: The question remains self-selection or different causal processes? Violence Against Women, 2(2), 180-190.

References cont. Koss, M. P. (1992). The underdetection of rape: Methodological choices influence incidence estimates. J. Social Issues, (48), 61-75. Sampson, R. (2002). Acquaintance rape of college students (Ser. 17, pp. 1-56) (Unitied States, Office of Community Oriented Policing Services, Department of Justice). Washington, D.C. Retrieved from www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/e03021472.pdf United States, Bureau of Justice Statistics, Department of Justice. (1995). Violence against women: Estimates from the redesigned survey. Washington, D.C. Earnshaw, V. A., Pitpitan, E. V., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2011). Intended responses to rape as functions of attitudes, attributions of fault, and emotions. Sex Roles, 64(5-6), 382-393. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9920-1 McMahon, S. (2010). Rape myth beliefs and bystander attitudes among incoming college students. Journal of American College Health, 59(1), 3-11. Ryan, K. M. (2011). The relationship between rape myths and sexual scripts: The social construction of rape. Sex Roles, 65(11-12), 774-782. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-011-0033-2

References cont. Lonsway, K. A., Cortina, L. M., & Magley, V. J. (2008). Sexual harassment mythology: Definition, conceptualization, and measurement. Sex Roles, 58(9-10), 599-615. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-007-9367-1 Loiselle, M., & Fuqua, W. R. (2007). Alcohols effect on womens risk detection in a date-rape Journal of American College Health, 55(5), 261-266 Yeater, E.A., Treat, T.A., Viken, R.J., & McFall, R.M. (2010). Cognitive processes underlying womens risk judgments: Associations with sexual victimization history and rape myth acceptance. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78(3), 375-386 Foubert, J., & Newberry, J.T. (2006). Effects of two versions of an empathy-based rape prevention program on fraternity mens empathy, attitudes, and behavioral intent to commit rape or sexual assault. Journal of College Student Development, 47(2), 133-148. Miller, A. K., Amacker, A. M., & King, A. R. (2011). Sexual victimization history and perceived similarity to a sexual assault victim: A path model of perceiver variables predicting victim culpability attributions. Sex Roles, 64(5-6), 372-381. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11199-010-9910-3 vignette.