Problems related to mechanisms and rate equation: 1.

Show that the following scheme N2O5 NO* + NO3* NO2 + NO3* 2 NO2 NO2 + O2 + NO*

Is consistent with and can explain the obse !ed fi st o de decomposition of N 2O5. 2. Show that the following scheme N2O5 NO3* NO2 + NO3* NO* + O2 2 NO2

NO* + NO3*

Is consistent with and can explain the obse !ed fi st o de decomposition of N 2O5. 3. "he decomposition of # at $%%% & fo p ess' es between 1 and 1% atm follows a fi st ate law. Show that the following mechanism. #+# #* (+S #* + #

is consistent with the obse !ed )inetics. *iffe ent mechanisms can be p oposed to explain fi st o de )inetics. "o claim that this mechanism is co ect in the face of othe alte nati!es e+'i es additional e!idence. ,o this p' pose what f' the expe iments wo'ld -o' s'ggest we 'n and what es'lts wo'ld -o' expect to find. $. /nde the infl'ence of oxidi0ing agents h-pophospho o's acid is t ansfe ed into phospho o's acid: 132O2 132O3

"he )inetics of this t ansfo mation p esent the following feat' es. #t low concent ation of oxidi0ing agent
132O3

3 )4oxidi0ing agent5 4132O25

#t high concent ation of oxidi0ing agent

132O3

3 )641+5 4132O25

"o explain the obse !ed )inetics7 it has bneen post'lated that with h-d ogen ion as catal-st no mal 'n eacti!e 1 32O2 is t ansfe ed into an acti!e fo m7 the nat' e of which is 'n)nown. "his inte mediate then eacts with the oxidi0ing agent to gi!e 132O3. Show that this scheme does explain the obse !ed )inetics.

5. "he fo mation and decomposition of phosgene has been fo'nd to p oceed as follows: &O + &l2 ,o wa d eaction: (e!e se eaction: 8 &O&l2
&O&l2

3 )14&l253624&O5 3 )24&l251624&O&l25

&O&l2

9a: # e these exp essions the mod-namicall- constitent. 9b: *ete mine which of the following mechanisms is constintent with these expe imentall- fo'nd ates. ;echanism I: &l2 &l* + &O &O&l* + &l2 ;echanism II: &l2 &l* + &l2 &O + &l3* 2 &l* &l3* &O&l2 + &l* fast7 at e+'ilib i'm fast7 at e+'ilib i'm slow and ate cont olling Problems on Arrhenius equation: 1. ,o a ce tain chemical eaction # "empe at' e7 % & (ate constant7s81 1%% 1.%55x 1%8 1< 11% 1.%=% x 1%815 (7 the following data we e obtained: 12% >.25 x 1%8 15 13% <.>$x 1%81$ 1$% $.5?x 1%813 15% 3.1> 1%812 2 &l* &O&l* &O&l2 + &l* fast7 at e+'ilib i'm fast7 at e+'ilib i'm slow and ate cont olling

,ind the acti!ation ene g- and f e+'enc- facto fo this eaction. 2. "he p- ol-sis of ethane p oceeds with an acti!e ene g- of abo't 3%% )@ 6mol 1ow m'ch faste is the decomposition at <5%%& than at 5%%%& 3. Axpe iment shows that the p ima - eaction in the homogeneo's decomposition of nit o's oxide p oceeds with stiochiomet -

N2O

N2 + B O2 and ate C

N2O

3 )14N2O526 91 + )24N2O5: mol6lite . ;in

Dhe e )1 3 1%1>.3>e8 ?1?%%6(" 7 )2 3 1%?.<> e8 2?$%%6(" Dhat is the acti!ation ene g- fo this eaction. S)etch the c' !e -o' expect to obtain in an ln ) !s. 16" g aph. $. It has been noticed that a giggle of gi ls is twice as g ega io's on a wa m 2= %& da- as on c isp 15 %& da-. Dhat is thei giggling acti!ation ene g-7 if we ma- call it that. 5. On a t-pical s'mme da-s field c ic)ets nibble7 E'mp and chi p now and then. F't at night when g eat n'mbe s cong egate chi ping seems to become a se io's b'siness and the chi p ate becomes +'ite eg'la gi!en bG of chi ps in 15 secs. + $% 3 tempe at' e7 %, #ss'ming the chi ping ate is a di ect meas' e of the metabolic ate7 find the acti!ation ene g-7 in calo ies7 of these c ic)etsin the tempe at' e ange of <% to ?%%,. 1int: %, + $<% 3 %( <. #t 5%% H the ate of a bimolec'la eaction: 9a: , om # heni'sI law 9b: , om collision theo J Dhat is the pe centage diffe ence in ate of eaction at <%% H p edicted b- these two methods. =. ;il) is paste' i0ed if it is heated to <3%& fo 3% min7 b't if it is heated to =$K& it onl- needs 15 s fo the eaction is ten times the ate at $%% H. ,ind the acti!ation ene g- of this

same es'lt. ,ind the acti!ation ene g- of this ste ili0ation p ocess. ?. A!e - ;a- 22 I plant one wate melon seed. I wate it7 I fight sl'gs7 I p a-7 I watch m- bea't- g ow7 and finall- the da- comes when the melon ipens. I then ha !est and feast. Of co' se7 some -ea s a e sad7 li)e 1>?%7 when a bl'eEa- flew off with the seed. #n-wa-7 six s'mme s we e a p' e Eo- and fo these IL!e tab'lated the n'mbe of g owing da-s !e s's the mean da-time tempe at' e d' ing the g owing season. *oes the tempe at' e affect the g owth ate. If so7 ep esent this b- acti!ation ene g-. Mea 1>=< 1>== 1>?2 1>?$ 1>?5 1>?? N owing da-s ?= ?5 =$ =? >% ?$ ;ean temp7 %& 22.% 23.$ 2<.3 2$.3 21.1 22.= >. In the mid8nineteenth cent' - the entomologist 1en i ,ab e noted that , ench ants 9ga den !a iet-: b'silb'stled abo't thei b'siness on hot da-s b't we e athe sl'ggish on cool da-s. &hec)ing his es'lts with O egon ants7 it is obse !ed ('nning speed7 m6h 15% 1<% 23% 2>5 3=% "empe at' e7 %& 1 3 1< 22 2$ 2? Dhat acti!ation ene g- ep esents this change in b'stliness.

Problems on ideal reactors for a single reaction: 1. De a e planning to ope ate a batch eacto to con!e t # into (. "his is a li+'id eaction7 the stoichiomet - is

(7 and the ate of eaction is gi!en in the following table. 1ow long m'st we eact each batch fo the

concent ation to d op f om &# = 1.3 mol 6lite to &#f = %.3 mol 6 lite . *ata: &# mol %.1 %.2 %.3 %.$ %.5 %.< 6lite - #, %.1 %.3 %.5 %.< %.5 %.25 mol 6 lite . min

%.= %.1%

%.? %.%<

1.% %.%5

1.3 %.%$5

2. # dail- p od'ction of 5% tones of eth-l acetate f om alcohol and acetic acidis e+'i ed. "he eaction p oceeds acco ding to &215O1 9#: + &13&OO1 9F: &13&OO&215 92: + 12O 9O: "he eaction ate in the li+'id phase at 1%%%& is 98 #: 3 ) 9&#&F C &2&O 6 H:7 whe e7 ) 3 =.>3 x 1%8 < m36 )mol.s and H 3 2.>3 "he feed sol'tion contains 23 wtP of acid7 $< wtP of alcohol and no este . "he e+'i ed con!e sion of acid is 35P. "he densit- ma- be ass'med to ha!e a constant !al'e 1%2% )g 6 m3. "he plant m'st be ope ated da- and night and times fo filling7 empt-ing and cleaning ope ation of a eacto is1 ho' . Dhat wo'ld be the e+'i ed eacto !ol'me if one batch eacto !essel is 'sed.
3.,o the *iels C #lde eactions of ben0o+'inone 9F: and c-clopentane 9&: at 25%& F + & 3 add'ct7 98 &: 3 ) &F && 7 !ol'me changes on eaction ma- be neglected. #t 25%& 7 the eaction ate constant is e+'al to >.>2 x 1%8 3m3 6 )mol.s. If one emplo-s a well sti ed isothe mal batch eacto to ca - o't this eaction 7 dete minethe holding time necessa - t5o achie!e >5P con!e sion of the limiting egeant 'sing initial concent ation of %.1and %.%? )mol 6 m3 fo F and & especti!el-. $. # homogeneo's li+'id phase eaction7 # (7 98
#

: 3 ) &2

ta)es place with 5%P con!e sion in a mixed flow eacto . 9a: Dhat will be the con!e sion if this eacto is eplaced b- one < times as la ge C all else emaining 'nchanged. 9b: Dhat will be the con!e sion if the o iginal eacto is eplaced b- a pl'g flow eacto of e+'al si0e 8 all else emaining 'nchanged.

5. #ss'ming a stoichiomet - #

( fo a fi st o de gas eaction7 we calc'late the si0e of pl'g flow ecto

needed fo a gi!en d't- 9>>P con!e sion of a p' e feed: to be Q 3 32 lite s. In fact7 howe!e 7 the eaction stoichiomet - is # 3(. Dith this co ected stoichiomet -7 what is the e+'i ed eacto !ol'me.
<. # high molec'la weight h-d oca bon gas # is fed contin'o'sl- to a heated high tempe at' e mixed flow

eacto whe e it the mall- c ac)s 9homogeneo's gas eaction: into lowe molec'la weight mate ials7

collecti!el- called (7 b- a stoichiomet - app oximated b- # 85(. F- changing the feed ate diffe ent extents of c ac)ing a e obtained as follows: ,#%7 millimol6h 3%% 1%%% 3%%% 5%%% &#o't. ;illimol 6 lite 1< 3% 5% <% "he inte nal !oid !ol'me of the eacto is Q = %.1 lite 7 and at the tempe at' e of the eacto the feed concent ation is &#% = 1%% millimol6lite . ,ind a ate e+'ation to ep esent the c ac)ing eaction. =. #t <5%K& phosphine !apo decomposes as follows:

$213

2$ + <127 8

phos

3 91%h 81: &phos

Dhat si0e of pl'g flow eacto ope ating at <$>K& and 11.$ atm is needed fo =5P con!e sion of 1% mol 6h of phosphine in a 263 phosphine8163 ine t feed.
?. "he data in table below ha!e been obtained on the decomposition of gaseo's eactant # in a constant !ol'me batch eacto at 1%%K&. "he t7sec p#7 atm 0 1.%% 20 %.?% 40 %.<? 60 %.5< ( 80 %.$5 100 %.3= 140 %.25 200 %.1$ 260 %.%? 330 %.%$ 420 %.%2

stoichiomet - of the eaction is 2#

+ S. Dhat si0e pl'g flow

eacto 9in lite s: ope ating at 1%%K& and 1

atm can t eat 1%% mol # 6 h in a feed consisting of 2%P ine ts to obtain >5P con!e sion of #. >. "he elementa - li+'id8phase eaction # + 2F ( with ate e+'ation 8 # 3 8 B F = 912.5 lite 26mo12 min:&# &F2 - 91.5 min81:&(7 mol 6lit.min is to ta)e place in a <8lite stead-8state mixed flow eacto . "wo feed st eams7 one containing 2.? mol # 6lite and the othe containing 1.< mol F 6 lite 7 a e to be int od'ced at e+'al !ol'met ic flow ates into the eacto 7 and =5P con!e sion of limiting component is desi ed . Dhat sho'ld be the flow ate of each st eam. #ss'me a constant densit- th o'gho't. 1%. "he homogeneo's gas phase eaction #
3( follows second o de )inetics. ,o a feed ate of $m3 6 h of

p' e # at 5 atm and 35%%&7 an expe imental eacto consisting of a 2.5 cm I* pipe 2 m long gi!es <%P con!e sion of feed. # comme cial 'nit is to t eat 32% m36h of feed consisting of 5%P # 7 5%P ine ts at 25 atm and 35%%& to obtain ?%P con!e sion. 1ow man- 2 m lengths of 2.5 cm I* pipe a e e+'i ed. 11. , om the following data find a satisfacto - ate e+'ation fo the gas phase decomposition # place isothe mall- in a mixed eacto . ('n n'mbe 1 2 %.$23 5.1% 7based on inlet feed condition7 sec R# 9fo &#% 3 %.22 %.<3 %.%%2 mol6lit 3 13.5 $ $$.% ( + S ta)ing 5 1>2

%.=5

%.??

%.><

12. #n a+'eo's eaction is being st'died in a labo ato - si0e stead- state flow s-stem. "he eacto is a flas) whose contents 95lite s of fl'id: a e well sti ed and 'nifo m in composition. "he stoichiomet - of the eaction is # 2(7

and eactant # is int od'ced at a concent ation of 1 mol 6 lite . (es'lts of the expe imental in!estigation a e gi!en below. ,ind a ate e+'ation fo the eaction. ('n ,eed ate7 cm36s "empe at' e of 'n7%& &oncent ation of ( in the effl'ent7 mol6lite 1 2 13 1.? 2 15 13 1.5 3 15 ?$ 1.?

13. #t <%%H7 the gas phase eaction &21$ + F 2 &21$F 2 has ate constants )1 3 5%% lite 6 mol.h and )2 3 %.%32 h 81 If a pl'g flow eacto is to be fed <%% m36h of gas containing <%P F 27 3%P &21$ and 1%P ine tsb!ol'me at <%%H and 1.5 atm comp'te the !ol'me of eacto !essel e+'i ed to obtain <%P %f the maxim'm con!e sion. 1$. It has been epo ted that the eaction &21$O1&l + Na1&O3 &21$ 9O1:2 + Na&l + &O2 is elementa - with ate constant ) 3 5.2 lite 6mol.h at ?2 %&. on the basis of this info mation we wish to const 'ct a pilot plant to dete mine the economic feasibilit- of p od'cing eth-lene gl-col f om two a!ailable feeds7 a 15 wtP a+'eo's sol'tion of Na1&O 3 and a 3% wtP a+'eo's sol'tion of &21$O1&l. Dhat !ol'me of t'b'la 9pl'g flow: eacto will p od'ce 2% )g 6h eth-lene gl-col at >5P con!e sion of an e+'imola feed p od'ced b- intimatel- mixing app op iate +'antities of the two feed st eams. #ss'me all ope ations at ?2%&7 at which tempe at' e the specific g a!it- of mixed eacting fl'id is 1.%2. 15. &'mene h-d ope oxide is con!e ted to phenol and acetone in p esence of small amo'nt of acid as follows: 9&<15: & 9&13:2 OO1 9#: S 9&<15: O1 92: + 9&13:2&O 9O: "he eaction ta)es place in li+'id phase and the ate e+'ation at ?5 %& is gi!en b- 98 #: 3 $.12 h 81&#. "he flow ate into the eacto is 2<.> m 3 6 h . ,ind the eacto !ol'me to achie!e ?5P con!e sion of # if the eacto emplo-ed is: 9a: One mixed flow eacto 9b: One pl'g flow eacto 1<. &onside a fi st o de li+'id phase eaction in an isothe mal ;,(. # S 2F7 98 #: 3 9%.1 min81 :&#

"he feed concent ation of # is &#f 3 2 mol 6 lite 7 the esidence time of the eacto is 1%% min. 9a: ,ind the stead- state concent ation of # in the effl'ent fo the gi!en feed.

9b: 2lot the concent ation of # !e s's time fo constant feed concent ation c #f 3 2 mol 6 lite if the eacto is initiall- filled with an ine t so that & #% 3 % mol6lite 9c: 2lot the concent ation of # !e s's time fo constant feed concent ation c #f 3 2 mol 6 lite if the eacto is initiall- filled with feed so that &#% 3 2 mol6lite

Problems on multiple reactors and rec cle reactor ! single reaction

1. #t p esent the elementa - li+'id8phase eaction # + F S ( + S ta)es place in a pl'g flow eacto 'sing e+'imola +'antities of # and F. &on!e sion is ><P7 &#% = C = 1 mol6lite . If a mixed flow eacto ten times as la ge as the pl'g flow eacto we e hoo)ed 'p in se ies with the existing 'nit7 which 'nit sho'ld come fi st and b- what f action co'ld p od'ction be inc eased fo that set'p. Note: &on!e sion is to emain 'nchanged.
B0

2. "he )inetics of the a+'eo's8phase decomposition of # is in!estigated in two mixed flow eacto s in se ies7 the second ha!ing twice the !ol'me of the fi st eacto . #t stead- state with a feed concent ation of 1 mol #6lite and mean esidence time of >< sec in the fi st eacto 7 the concent ation in the fi st eacto is %.5 nol #6lite and in the second is %.25 nol #6lite . ,ind the )inetic e+'ation fo the decomposition.
3. /sing a colo indicato which shows when the concent ation of # falls below %.1 mol6lite 7 the following scheme is de!ised to explo e the )inetics of the decomposition of #. # feed of %.< mol #6lite is int od'ced into the fi st of the two mixed flow eacto s in se ies7 each ha!ing a !ol'me of $%% cm3. "he colo change occ' s in the fi st eacto fo a stead-8state feed ate of 1% cm36 min7 and in the second eacto fo a stead-8state feed ate of 5% cm36min. ,ind the ate e+'ation fo the decomposition of # f om this info mation.

$. "he elementa - i e!e sible a+'eo's8phase eaction # + F S ( + S is ca ied o't isothe mall- as follows. A+'al !ol'met ic flow ates of two li+'id st eams a e int od'ced into a $8lite mixing tan). One st eam contains %.%2% mol #6lite 7 the othe 1.$%% nol F6lite . "he mixed st eam is then passed th o'gh a 1<8lite pl'g flow eacto . De find that some ( is fo med in the mixing tan)7 its concent ation being %.%%2 mol6lite . #ss'ming that the mixing tan) acts as a mixed flow eacto 7 find the concent ation of ( at the exit of the pl'g flow eacto as well as the f action of initial # that has been con!e ted in the s-stem.
5. #t p esent con!e sion is 263 fo o' elementa - second8o de li+'id eaction 2# S 2( when ope ating in an isothe mal pl'g flow eacto with a ec-cle atio of 'nit-. Dhat will be the con!e sion if the ec-cle st eam is sh't off. <. #t p esent we ha!e 90% con!e sion of a li+'id feed 9n = 1, CA0 = 10 mol6 lite : to o' pl'g flow eacto with ec-cle of p od'ct 9( = 2). If we sh't off the ec-cle st eam7 b- how m'ch will this lowe the p ocessing ate of o' feed to the same 90% con!e sion. =. De wish to explo e !a io's eacto set'ps fo the t ansfo mation of # into (. "he feed contains >>P #7 1P (T the desi ed p od'ct is to consist of 1%P #7 >%P (. "he t ansfo mation ta)es place b- means of the elementa - eaction # + ( S ( + ( with ate constant ) = 1 lite 6mol . min. "he concent ation of acti!e mate ials is &#% + &(% 3 &# + &( 3 &% 3 1 mol6lite th o'gho't. Dhat eacto holding time will -ield a p od'ct in which &( = %.> mol6lite 9a: in a pl'g flow eacto 7 9b: in a mixed flow eacto 7 and 9c: in a minim'm8si0e set'p witho't ec-cle.

?. #cetic anh-d ide is h-d ol-0ed in th ee sti ed tan) eacto s ope ated in se ies. "he feed flows to the fi st eacto 9Q 3 1 lite : at a ate of $%% cm36min. "he second and thi d eacto s ha!e !ol'mes of 2 and 1.5 lite s especti!el-. "he tempe at' e is 25%&7 and at this condition the fi st o de i e!e sible ate constant is %.15? min81. /se a g aphical method to calc'late the f action h-d ol-0ed in the effl'ent f om the thi d eacto . >. S'ppose in the abo!e p oblem the fi st eacto is ope ated at 1% %&7 the second at $%%& and the thi d at 25%&. "he additional ate constants a e %.%5<= min 81 9at 1%%&: and %.3?% min81 9at $%%&:. *ete mine the f action h-d ol-0ed in the effl'ent f om the thi d eacto . 1%. S'bstance # eacts acco ding to the elementa - a'tocatal-tic eaction # + ( S ( + (7 ate constant 9): 3 1 lite 6mol.min De plan to p ocess ,#% 3 1 mol 6min of a feed consisting of a feed of # alone 9&#% 3 1 mol6lite 7 &(% 3 %: to >>P con!e sion in a ec-cle eacto . ,ind the ec-cle ate which will minimi0e the si0e of the eacto needed and dete mine the si0e.
11. "he elementa - eaction # + F S ( + S is effected in a set'p consisting of a mixed eacto into which two eactant sol'tions a e int od'ced followed b- a pl'g eacto . # la ge eno'gh excess of F is 'sed so that the eaction is fi st with espect to #. Qa io's wa-s of inc easing p od'ction ha!e been s'ggested7 one of which is to e!e se the o de of the two 'nits. 1ow wo'ld this change affect con!e sion.

12. Dhat ec-cle atio minimi0es the !ol'me of ec-cle eacto needed to achie!e & (f 3 %.> mol 6 lite fo the eaction # + ( S ( + (7 98 #: 3 ) &# &(7 ) 3 1 lit 6 mol.mim Dith &#% 3 %.>> mol6lite 7 &(% 3 %.%1 mol 6 lit.
13. # fi st o de eaction is to be t eated in a se ies of two mixed flow eacto s. Show that the total !ol'me of the two eacto s is the minim'm when the eacto s a e e+'al in si0e. 1$. St- ene 9#: and b'tadiene 9F: a e to be eacted in a se ies of ;,(s each 2<.5 m 3 capacit-. "he initial concent ations a e &#% 3 %.=>5 and &F% 3 3.55 )mol 6m3. ,eed ate is 2% m36 h . "he ate e+'ation is 98 #: 3 %.%3<&#&F )mol 6m3 h . ,ind the n'mbe of tan)s needed to effect >%P con!e sion of the limiting eactant.

Problems on "ultiple #eactions 1. S'bstance # in a li+'id eacts to p od'ce ( and S as follows: ( fi st o de # S fi st o de # feed 9&#% = 17 &(% = %7 &S%, = %: ente s two mixed flow eacto s in se ies7 9 , = 2.5 min7 , = 5 min:. Hnowing the composition in the fi st eacto 9&#1 = %.$7 &(1 = %.$7 &S1 = %.2:, find the composition lea!ing the second eacto . 2. S'bstance # in the li+'id phase p od'ces ( and S b- the following eactions: ( second o de # S fi st o de # feed (&#% = 17 &(% = %7 &S%, = %) ente s two mixed flow eacto s in se ies7 9 = 2.5 min7 , = 10 min:. Hnowing the composition in the fi st eacto 9&#1 = %.$7 &(1 = %.27 &S1 = %.=:, find the composition lea!ing the second eacto . 3."he stoichiomet - of a li+'id8phase decomposition is )nown to be ( # S In a se ies of stead-8state flow expe iments 9&#o = 1%%7 &(O = &SO = %: in a labo ato - mixed flow eacto the following es'lts a e obtained: &# >% ?% =% <% 5% 9 $% 3% 2% 1% %

&(

13

1?

22

25

2=

2?

2?

2=

25

,' the expe iments indicate that the le!el of &( and Cs ha!e no effect on the p og ess of the eaction. 9a: Dith a feed &#% = 1%% and exit concent ation &#f = 2%7 find &( at the exit f om a pl'g flow eacto . Dith &#% = 2%% and &#f = 2%7 find &( at the exit f om a mixed flow eacto . $. (eactant # decomposes in an isothe mal batch eacto 9&#%= 1%%: to p od'ce wanted ( and 'nwanted S, and the following p og essi!e concent ation eadings a e eco ded: &# 1%% >% ?% =% <% 5% $% 3% 2% 1% % &( % 1 $ > 1< 25 35 $5 55 <$ =1 additional 'ns show that adding ( o $ does not affect the dist ib'tion of p od'cts fo med and that onl# does. #lso7 it is noted that the total n'mbe of moles of #7 (7 and $ is constant. %a& ,ind the !e s's &7 c' !e fo this eaction. Dith a feed of &#% = 1%% and &#f = 1%7 find &(7 %b& f om a mixed flow eacto 7 9c: f om a pl'g flow eacto 7 5. # and F eact with each othe as follows: 2# (7 ( 3 )1&#2 #+F S7 S 3 )2&#&F 2 2F "7 " 3 )3&F Dhat atio of # and F sho'ld be maintained in a mixed flow eacto so as to maximi0e the f actional -ield of desi ed p od'ct S. <. De ha!e a mixt' e consisting of >% molP # 9$5 mol6lite : and 1% molP imp' it- F 95 mol6lite :. "o be of satisfacto - +'alit- the mol atio of # to b in the mixt' e m'st be 1%% to 1 o highe . * eacts with both # and F as follows: #+* F+* (7 S 98 #: 3 21 &#&* 98 F: 3 1$= &F&*

#ss'ming that the eactions go to completion7 how m'ch * need be added to a batch of mixt' e to b ing abo't the desi ed +'alit-. =. /nde app op iate conditions # decomposes as follows: # S (S S ( is to be p od'ced f om 1%%% lite 6h of feed in which &#% 3 1 mol6lite 7 &(% = %7 &S%, = % a: Dhat si0e pl'g flow eacto will maximi0e the -ield of ( and what is the concent ation of ( in the effl'ent st eam f om this eacto . b: Dhat si0e mixe flow eacto will maximi0e the -ield of ( and what is the concent ation of ( in the effl'ent st eam f om this eacto . ?. ,o the elementa - eactions )1 )2 # ( S7 )23 )1+ )3 )3 " ,ind &(max 6 &#% and opt in a pl'g flow eacto . >.,o the elementa - eactions )1 )2 # ( S7 10

" 9a: Show fo pl'g flow that

C R max k1 k = 9 2 : k2 69k1 k 2 + k3 : at C A% k1 + k3 k1 + k3
9b: Show fo mixed flow that

opt

3 ln49)1+)3:6)25 6 9)18)2+)3:

C R max k1 = at %.5 C A% 49k1 + k3 : %.5 + k 2 52

opt

1 4k 2 9k1 + k 3 : %.5

11

Problems on 'eterogeneous (as Phase )atal tic #eactions 1. "he following )inetic data on the eaction # -+ ( a e obtained in an expe imental pac)ed bed eacto 'sing !a io's amo'nts of catal-st and a fixed feed ate FA, = 1% )mol6h .
W, kg cat XA 1 0.12 2 0.20 3 0.27 4 0.33 5 0.37 6 0.41 7 0.44

(a) ,ind the eaction ate at $%P con!e sion.

9b: In designing a la ge pac)ed bed eacto with feed ate ,#% = $%% )mol6h how m'ch catal-st wo'ld be needed fo $%P con!e sion. 9c: 1ow m'ch catal-st wo'ld be needed in pa t 9b: if the eacto emplo-ed a !e - la ge ec-cle of p od'ct st eam. 2. Hinetic expe iments on the solid catal-0ed eaction # 83( a e cond'cted at ? atm and =%%K& in a bas)et t-pe mixed eacto ><% cm3 in !ol'me and containing 1 gm of catal-st of diamete d7 = 3 mm. ,eed consisting of p' e # is int od'ced at !a io's ates into the eacto and the pa tial p ess' e of # in the exit st eam is meas' ed fo each feed ate. "he es'lts a e as follows: ,eed ate7 1%% 22 $ 1 %.< lite 6h 2#o't66pain %.? %.5 %.2 %.1 %.%5 ,ind a ate e+'ation to ep esent the ate of eaction on catal-st of this si0e. 3. # Dest "exas gas oil is c ac)ed in a t'b'la eacto pac)ed with silica8al'mina c ac)ing catal-st. "he li+'id feed 9mw = %.255: is !apo i0ed7 heated7 ente s the eacto at <3%K& and 1 atm7 and with ade+'ate tempe at' e cont ol sta-s close to this tempe at' e within the eacto . "he c ac)ing eaction follows fi st8o de )inetics and gi!es a !a iet- of p od'cts with mean molec'la weight mw = %.%=%. 1alf the feed is c ac)ed fo a feed ate of <% m3 li+'id6m3 eacto . h . In the ind'st - this meas' e of feed ate is called the li+'id ho' l- space !elocit-. "h's U1SQ = <% h 81. ,ind the fi st8o de ate constants )L and )I" fo this c ac)ing eaction. *ata: *ensit- of li+'id feed: p, = ?<> )g6m3 F'l) densit- of pac)ed bed: p, = =%% )g6m3 *ensit- of catal-st pa ticles: p, = >5% )g6m3

$. "he catal-tic eaction # S $( is 'n at 3.2 atm and 11=K& in a pl'g flow eacto which contains %.%1 )g of catal-st and 'ses a feed consisting of the pa tiall- con!e ted p od'ct of 2% lite s6h of p' e 'n eacted #. "he es'lts a e as follows: ('n 1 2 3 $ &#in7 mol6lite %.1%% %.%?% %.%<% %.%$% &#o't7 mol6lite %.%?$ %.%=% %.%55 %.%3? ,ind a ate e+'ation to ep esent this eaction. 5. "he catal-tic eaction # S $( is st'died in a pl'g flow eacto 'sing !a io's amo'nts of catal-st and 2% lite s6h of p' e # feed at 3.2 atm and 11=K&. "he concent ations of # in the effl'ent st eam a e eco ded fo the !a io's 'ns as follows.

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('n &atal-st 'sed7)g &#o't7 mol6lite

1 %.%2% %.%=$

2 %.%$% %.%<%

3 %.%?% %.%$$

$ %.1<% %.%2>

9a: ,ind the ate e+'ation fo this eaction7 'sing the integ al method of anal-sis 9b: (epeat pa t 9a:7 'sing the diffe ential method of anal-sis <. #t =%%%& the ate of decomposition # S 3(7 on a specific catal-st of gi!en si0e is fo'nd to be liter 1 dN 8 #I 3 8 3 1% &# gmcat .hr w dt # pilot plant is to be b'ilt. "his is to be a t'b'la pac)ed bed 2 cm I* 'sing 25P of these acti!e catal-st pellets e!enl- mixed with =5P ine t pellets to ins' e isothe mal ope ations. ,o $%% mol 6 h feed consisting of 5%P # C 5%P ine t gas at ? atm and =%%%& what m'st be the length of eacto so that p#o't6p#in 3 %.111. *ata: catal-st and ine t pellets a e po o's7 of diamete d p 3 3 mm7 pa ticle densit- 3 2 gm6cm3. F'l) !oidage of pac)ed bed 3 5%P

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