PHYS207 Summer 10. Solutions to Homework 9 10-16. A 300 g ball with a speed of 6.

0 m/s strikes a wall at angle of 30 and then rebounds with the same speed and angle. It is contact with the wall for 10 ms. (a) What impulse was experienced by the ball? (b) What was the average force exerted by the ball on the wall? Choose axes such that the x axis is perpendicular to and into the wall, and the y axis is parallel to the wall so that the balls velocity is in the xy plane. m (a) The balls momentum before striking the wall is p 0 = mv ( sin , cos ) , and after striking the wall it is p1 = mv ( sin , cos ) . The impulse experienced by the ball is the change in its momentum J = p1 p 0 = mv ( sin , cos ) mv ( sin ,cos ) = 2mv sin (1, 0 ) . Putting in the numbers, the impulse experienced by the ball is 1.8 kg m/s directed perpendicularly way from the wall. (b) By Newtons third law an equal but opposite impulse is experienced by the wall. The average force on the wall is the impulse on the wall divided by the time of contact. This is 180 N perpendicular into the wall. 10-19. Two parts of a spacecraft are separated by detonating the explosive bolts that hold them together. The masses of the two parts are 1200 kg and 1800 kg; the magnitude of the impulse delivered to each part is 300 N s. What is the relative speed of recession of the two parts? Choose a reference frame in which the spacecraft is at rest before the bolts are detonated. By Newtons third law the two impulses have equal magnitude but opposite directions. Hence the two pieces will move in opposite directions. The impulse is equal to the change in momentum. Hence the speeds are 1/4 and 1/6 m/s. The relative velocity is 1/4 + 1/6 = 5/12 m/s 10-31. It is well known that bullets and other missiles fired at Superman simply bounce off his chest. Suppose that a gangster sprays Supermans chest with 3 g bullets at the rate of 100 bullets/min, the speed of each bullet being 500 m/s. Suppose that the bullets rebound straight back with no change in speed. Show that the average force exerted by the stream of bullets on Supermans chest is 5 N. The magnitude of the change in momentum of a single bullet when it bounces off Superman is 3.0 kg m/s. This is equal to the magnitude of the impulse experienced by Superman. The total impulse experienced by Superman in 60 s is 300 kg m/s. Hence the average force on Superman is (300 kg m/s)/60 s = 5 N. v

10-32. Two titanium spheres approach each other head-on with the same speed and collide elastically. After the collision one of the spheres, whose mass is 300 g remains at rest. What is the mass of the other sphere? Let the masses be m1 and m2 with m1 at rest after the collision, and the initial speed be v. Let the speed of m2 after the collision be V. Momentum is conserved. Hence m1v m2 v = m2V . Since it is an elastic collision, the relative velocity of the spheres is reversed by the collision. Hence V = 2v. Eliminating V and dividing the result by v, we find m1 m2 = 2m2 . Hence the mass of the other sphere is 100 g.

10-45. An object with mass m and speed v explodes into two pieces, one three times as massive as the other; the explosion takes place in gravity free space. The less massive piece comes to rest. How much kinetic energy was added to the system? Let the speed of the more massive piece after the explosion be V. By conservation of linear momentum 3 mv = mV . 4 The change in kinetic energy is 13 1 14 2 1 2 1 2 K = mV 2 mv 2 = mv mv = mv . 24 2 23 2 6 One-third of the initial kinetic energy is added to the system by the explosion

10-48. A ball of mass m is projected with speed vi into the barrel of a spring gun of mass M initially at rest on a frictionless surface. The ball sticks in the barrel at the point of maximum compression of the spring. No energy is lost in friction. (a) What is the speed of the spring gun after the ball comes to rest in the barrel. (b) What fraction of the initial kinetic energy of the ball is stored in the spring? (a) At maximum compression of the spring the ball and spring gun have the same velocity. Let this velocity be W. By conservation of momentum mvi = ( m + M ) W . Hence when the ball sticks in its barrel, the spring gun has speed m W= vi . m+M (b) The change in kinetic energy of the system is

K =

1 1 1 m 2 1 1 mM 2 2 vi . ( m + M )W 2 mvi 2 = ( m + M ) vi mvi = 2 2 2 2 2 m+M m+M

Since no energy is lost to friction, the mechanical energy of the system is conserved. Hence we see that the fraction of the initial kinetic energy of the ball stored in the spring is M . m+M 10-63. Two pendulums each of length l are initially situated as shown. The first pendulum is released and strikes the second. Assume that the collision is completely inelastic and neglect the mass of the strings and any frictional effects. How high does the center of mass rise after the collision?

We first use conservation of mechanical energy to find v, the speed of m1 m1 just before the collision. This gives d v = 2 gd . After the collision the two objects move together with speed w that we can find by using conservation of momentum. m1v = ( m1 + m2 ) w. Hence m1 w= v. m1 + m2 We again use conservation of mechanical energy to find that the CM rises to height h, where

m2

w2 m1 v 2 m1 h= = = d. 2 g m1 + m2 2 g m1 + m2

10-64. A billiard ball moving at a speed 2.2 m/s strikes an identical stationary ball a glancing blow. After the collision one ball is found to be moving at a speed of 1.1 m/s in a direction making an angle 60 with the original line of motion. (a) Find the velocity of the other ball. (b) Can the collision be inelastic, given these data? Let the balls each have mass m. Let the other ball after the collision have speed v at angle to the original line of motion.

1.1 m/s 2.2 m/s 60 v

By resolving total momentum into components parallel and perpendicular to the original line of motion, we get m 2.2 m/s = m 1.1 m/s cos 60 + m v cos , 0 = m 1.1 m/s sin 60 m v sin . Hence v cos = 2.2 m/s 1.1 m/s cos 60 = 1.65 m/s, v sin = 1.1 m/s sin 60 = 0.953 m/s. From this we find that the velocity of the other ball is 1.905 m/s at an angle of 30 to the original line of motion. (b) By comparing the total kinetic energy after the collision with that before the collision, we see that the collision is elastic. This is consistent with the sum of the scattering angles being 90.