4.3 Protists 1.

Protists Single-celled eukaryotes More complex than organisms in Kingdom Prokaryota Composite for organisms that do not fit in other kingdoms Protozoans (animal-like) Algae (plant-like) Slime molds (fungi-like)

2. Protozoans (animal-like) many species behave like tiny animals hunt and gather other microbes as food Classified by mode of locomotion No cell wall or chlorophyll digest food in stomach-like compartments called vacuoles As they chow down, they make and give off nitrogen Range in size from 1/5000 to 1/50 of an inch (5 to 500 m) in diameter Heterotroph Amoeba Flagellates Ciliates Sporozoa Heterotrophic Smallest of the Largest protozoa Parasitic Shapeless protozoa (2-20m) yet still remain Nonmotile Some have shell Have one or buoyant in water Living inside like covering, some several flagella Covered with cilia bodies & is without the Use flagella to Eat other types of sometimes inside covering (naked) move protozoa and cells of their hosts Moves by Composed of bacteria pseudopodia (false one/only a few Found in aquatic feet) cells habitat Engulfs food by Structurally the endocytotic similar to method called eukaryotic flagella phagocytosis but shorter & more Live in water or abundant on cells moist places eg. paramecium They have cell membrane but no cell wall Ciliates paramecium Cilia - hair like appendages that help the paramecium move food into the oral groove Oral Groove - collects and directs food into the cell mouth Cell Mouth - opening for food Anal Pore - disposes of waste

Contractile Vacuole - contracts and forces extra water out of the cell Trichocysts - used for defense Gullet - forms food vacuoles/carries food from oral groove to the food vacuole Food Vacuole - storage pocket for food Macronucleus - larger nucleus which performs normal cell functions except reproduction Micronucleus - smaller nucleus which is responsible for cell division/reproduction Pellicle support cell membrane & attachment site for external storage

3. Algae (Plant-like) Have cell wall and chlorophyll Eukaryotic autotrophs Form the foundation of Earths food chains along with other eukaryotic autotrophs Produce much of Earths oxygen Unicellular Euglenophyta Bacillariophyta (diatoms) Dinoflagellata Plant-like and animal Photosynthetic Major component of

like Autotrophs since they make food from sunlight possess light-sensing system Heterotrophs since they ingest food from surrounding water Lives mostly in fresh water Moves by whipping flagellum Eg. Euglena

autotrophs Have shells of silica Consists of top & bottom halves that fit together like a pillbox or petri dish Make up a large portion of the worlds phytoplankton which is Earths largest provider of oxygen Found in fresh & salt water

marine phytoplankton Have at least two flagella set at right angles to each other and thick cell walls made of cellulose plates Blooms of autotrophic dinoflagellates cause Red Tide. Most are photosynthetic Autotrophic Abundant in ocean Food source for larger organisms

Multicellular Rhodophyta Red Algae red is caused by presence of distinctive photosynthetic pigments Found in warm or cold marine environments along coast lines in deeper water Absorb green, violet, and blue light waves (able to penetrate below 100 meters) Lack of flagella

Phaeophyta Brown algae Found in cool saltwater along rocky coasts Giant Kelp - largest and most complex brown algae - have hold fasts and air bladders form undersea forests that provide food, shelter and breeding areas for marine animals Autotrophic Almost all are marine

Chlorophyta Green algae Mostly found in fresh water, ocean and land habitats Photosynthetic Contain same types of plasmids & photosynthetic pigmants as land plants Many possess flagella/ability to produce them during development of reproductive cells

4. Slime Molds (fungus-like) At one point in their life cycle they come together as a unit Multicellular organism and form spores Myxomycota slime mold Oomycotta water mold Have traits like both fungi and animals Have flagellated reproductive cells During good times, they live as Usually parasitic and are decomposers independent, amoeba-like cells, dining in freshwater and damp soil ecosystems on fungi and bacteria Heterotrophic unicellular If conditions become uncomfortable Have profound economic impacts on (not enough food available, the humans temperature isn't right etc.), individual Have cellulose cell walls

cells begin gathering together to form a single structure The new communal structure produces a slimy covering and is called a slug The slug oozes toward light When the communal cells sense that they've come across more food or better conditions, the slug stops