Applied Mathematics and Mechanics (English Edition, Vol. 20, No.

12, Dee 1999)

Published by SU, Shanghai, China

Article ID: 0253-4827(1999) 12-1350-08

DOUBLE-MOMENT

OF

SPACIAL

CURVED

BARS

WITH CLOSED T H I N - W A L L CROSS-SECTION *

Zhu Yuchun ( ~ I ~ ) , Zhang Peiyuan ( ~ : L ~ ) , Yan Bo (j~z ~)

(Department of Engineering Mechanics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P R China) (Communicated by Zhang Ruqing) Abstract

The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has barsonly of anisotropic materials is discussed, a general solving method an analytic curved solution when the polytropic index of and detonation products equals for to three. In this type of problems as "well as the concrete double-moment formula of planary general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock bars subjected to in action vertical loads are given out. behavior ofcurved the reflection shock the of explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying words: high closed thin-wall with cross-section; spatial curved bar; double-moment plate drivenKey by various explosives polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus CLC number: TB125 Document code: A an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. Introduction
Although the constrained twist problems of thin-wall straight bars of isotropic and/or aniso1. Introduction tropic materials, with closed or open cross-sections, have been well solved [z-3] , for spatial

Abstract:

In this paper,

the double-moment of thin-wall, cross-section spacial

Explosive driven flying-plate technique its important use in the studyup of to behavior of curved bars of this type of problems there hasffmds not been any satisfactory solution now. This materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and problem is urgently needed to be thoroughly studied in engineering structures, especially in bridge cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions structures with box cross-section curved beams. In this paper a double-moment solution method of common interest. for spacial bars of anisotropic materials plane with closed thin-wall cross-sections is the given out. Under curved the assumptions of one-dimensional detonation and rigid flying plate, normal approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor isunit to solve theof following ofare equations Suppose the tangential , normal , and subnormal vectors a spatial system curve l respec governing the flow fieldo. of detonation products behind tively the e , , flyor e~, (Fig. and I): e 6 . The Frenet formula, for
enough smooth curve, is
ra

--ff es ap +u_~_xp +
au

=o, en = = au k0en,

koe~ + r 0 e b ,

aueb = 1 -- r0 en ,

=0,

1)

ly=o, arc coordinate, curvature and torsion ~4] . a--T Choose two orthogonal fixed directions p =p(p, s),

aS

as

(i.0 here ( ) = d( ) / d s , s , ko and r0 are respecuve01

and 01 71 through point 01 on planary surface F .

where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and01 particle of detonation products Let point move velocity along curve l , with surface F Fig. a, and r,, respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the always perpendicular to l, the orbit of surface F trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parathen forms spacial t a r . by The cross angle direction 01 ~ wave and normal e n is represented as meters on itaare governed the flow field between I of central rarefaction behind the detonation wave D by initial stage of motion of and the state of products 0, and which is generally a function offlyor s. Ifalso; the the unitposition vectors of ofF01 ~ and 01 q parameters are represented by ee
293

* Received date: 1998-01-14; Revised date: 1999-04-19 1350

Zhu Yuchun, Zhang Peiyuan and Yan Bo and e n , then e e = encosO + ebsinO, ev = e. sinO + e 6cosO,

1351

(2)

from equation (1) the following expressions are obtained

d., = kee e - k v % , ]

ee = - kee, + r e ~ , l ~ = k~e s - t e e ,

(3)

in whichk e = k0cos0, k~ = k0sin0, r Abstract = r0 + 0. Assume curve l is the axis of a bar, and surface F is cross-section of the bar. Denote the The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In mension cross-section, the equations can however, be approximately written as(see Fig. 1) general, a of numerical analysis isconstitutive required. In this paper, by utilizing the "weak" shock behavior of the reflection shock in the products, and applying the small parameter pura, explosive = Ee,, r,, = G)',t, (4) terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying here driven E , Gby arevarious elastic high modulas E52 . with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. plate explosives Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus 1 analytic I n t e r nformula a l F o r with c e s , two Equ i l i b r i u m ofEhigh q u a texplosive i o n s a n(i.e. d G e o m e t r y velocity E q u a t iand o n s polytropic an parameters detonation index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. Simplifing stress vectors to point 01 on cross-section F , the principal force vector N and wall thickness as h , the arc crordinate of the wall central line as t. If h is far smaller than the dimoment M can be obtanied, of which1. components are respectively denoted by N , , N:, N~ and Introduction

Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of materials under intense loading, of diamonds, and welding and N : impulsive N~e~ + N~e e + Nshock ~ e ~ , synthesis M = M~e~ + Mee e + M explosive ~e~, cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions where N, is axial force, N e and N~ are shear forces, M, is torgue, Me and Mr are bending moof common interest. Under assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation flyingby plate, the m normal ments. Thethe external forces and moments per unit length on axis and are rigid indicated p and as approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations p of = detonation pses + pee~ + p v e v ,behind m = m flyor , e , +(Fig. mee t governing the flow field products the I):+ rove v .
The equilibrium equations are d{N}d{M}here
9 {N}= [N,

M~ , M e , M v , so

[K]'{N}+
au

--ff ap +u_~_xp+ {p}=

au

au 1

=o,
= {m} {0}, }, (5)

{0},

=0,
(i.0

[K]-{M}-

[HI-{N}+

Ne

a--T =o, p =p(p, s), NT/] T , { M } =

aS

as

[M~

M~

M,1 ]T ,

where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle /75~ velocity /n~ ] T,of detonation products {p} = [p~ pc p,1 IT, { m } = [m, respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the 0 ke trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both - are k v unknown; the position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave 0 parameters . K] = ke 0 , [H] = D and by initial stage [of motion- of flyor also; the~" position of F and the state of products -1 0 -k~ -r 293
The general solution is (let { m } = {0}) [rJ

1352

Double-Moment of Spacial Curved Bars

{N}= [A] " ({Q~

{M}=

" {p}ds)'
f:[A] r. [HI.
[A]. ({Qo}+ {Q" })as},

t
(6)

[A].

{{Ro}+

here { Qo } and { Ro } are integration constants, { Q " } = - fo [ A iT {p }ds. If the base vectors of spacial fixed right-handed rectangular coordinate system are e , , er and e~, then

I e,.e, e,.ey e,.e,]

ee'e. ee'ey e e ' e , . ] (7) Abstract e 0"ex er 9 ey e v. e z The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has In order to derive geometry "equation, we introduce multiplier 3 u , , du e , 3u~, ~ 9 , , 8 9 e , an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In c?~v. Using [ 3us 3ue 3 % is ] required. and [ ~79, In ~oe ~gv ] however, to multiply ends the of equations (5), general, a numerical analysis this paper, byboth utilizing "weak" shock behavior of the reflection shock in theafter explosive products, and applying the small purand integrating the equation obtained summation of the two equations in ( 5 )parameter , in the range terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying (0, l ) , we have plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree(ae very well with numerical results by computers. Thus f o [ ( N formula , - keN e + kvN ~ + p , ) ~ u , + + rN~ + pe )$ue an analytic with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. [A] =

(IVr - k~N, + r N e + p~)~u~ + ( M , - keM e + k~M v + m , ) ~ 9 ,

( M e . + keM s - rM~ - N~ + ) ~ g e + (M~ - kvM , + r M e + N e + m,~)~9,t]ds = 1. m e Introduction

Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and [Ne~ue]to + [ N ~ u ~of ] ~ flyor + [M,~gs]o t + the [Me~ge]g + [M 9~] 0 t, (8) cladding of [Ns~us]g metals. The+method of estimation velocity and way of raising it~are questions of common interest. here[J]~ = (J),=~ - (J),=oand Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal approach of solvinge the motion is + to keu, solve- r the of equations = problem a, - keu of e + kvu v, of Ye flyor = ae u r following - 9~, system ] governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I): Yv = av - kvu, + rue + 9 e , x, = 9s - kec, oe + k v g v ' l (9) xe = 9e + keg, --ff - rg~, x~ = 9~ -=o, kvg, + rge. ap +u_~_xp+ au In equation ( 8 ) , e, Ye, Y~, x,, xe, xv are respectively general strains corresponding to general au au 1 stresses N,, N e , Nr M,, Me , M,1, and u,, u e, ur

=0, 9s, 9e, 9v are general displacements (i.0

(10)

corresponding to loads p , , Pe, P~, aS ms, me, a s m,1 9 The boundary conditions are Ns or u s , N e or u e ,N~ or % ,M, or 9, ,Me or 9e ,M~ or 9~.

a--T =o, p =p(p, s),

Equation (9) is usually referred to as geometry equation, and can be rewritten as where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave d{u}[K]'{u}[H]'{r {e}= D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products

9 ~r

[K].(r

(,~t = ~0t,

~0t,}

(11)
293

where

{r

[*, 9, 9~] T, {u}= [u, ue uv] T,

Zhu Yuchun, Zhang Peiyuan and Yah Bo

1353

So the general solution of the geometry equation is

{~a} = [ A ] . ( { I g o } + {u/* }),

{u}= [a].{{V0}+ flEA]'.<{=}+ [ H ] ' [ A ] ( { I g o } +

2

{It*

}))'ds},

(12)

in which { I/to } and { U0 } are integration constants, { I/t* } = F [ A IT. { lr } d s . 30

Double-Moment and Equivalent Constitutive Equations

Abstract Double-moment is not considered in the discussion above. The distributions of strain e, and

The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has moment are an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock ~, = ~ + ~ &~ - x ~ , 1 behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur?',t first-order x, ro - ?'esina + 7,/cosa - x(r o - e ) , l for the problem of flying (13) terbation method, an analytic, approximate solution is obtained plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. here e , ~'e, ~'~, ~:,, xe, xv are the same as ( 8 ) . For closed thin-wall cross-section bar, general Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus strain x is formula introduced fortwo considering constrained twist, w.~ r 0 , r A , evelocity are defined as Is] (see an analytic with parameters of high explosive (i.e., detonation and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. Fig. 2)

y,,, similar to [ 1,5 ], on cross-section of non-free twist spacial thin-wall bar including double-

a'A = ~
*

--

f:edt' e = g'2/( d~hh) 1. Gh~ Introduction

,

W A

~i r a d t ,

I] = Wa I , = t .

(14)

The Explosive determination of coordinate system O l ~r/, point and the start P0 study for the of driven flying-plate technique ffmds itsAimportant usepoint in the ofcalculation behavior of arc length mustintense satisfy impulsive following loading, conditions materials under shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions ~E~hdt = ~Er2hdt = O, fE~Ghdt = 0 of common interest. Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal and E~w~hdt = of Eriwahdt = solve O, the Ew~hdt = system O. of equations approach of solving the problem of motion flyor is to following governing the flow field of behind the flyor (Fig. I): This coordinate system is detonation referred to products as physical centroid principal axises system, WA is physical principal sector coordinate. Stresses represented as after introducing

--ff =o, internal forces ap +u_~_xp + auare

au au 1 y

N~ = ~a=hdt,N, =- fr~tsinahdt,
aS as

=0,
(i.0

N,~ = ~r,tcosahdt, Ms = ~rJohdt,

a--T =o, p =p(p, s),

eo(= =O) (15) where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products Me with = ~a~r]hdt, respectively, the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the Fig. Cross-section properties trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the 2 position of R and the state parameters on it are by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave M~ = - governed ~a,~hdt, D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products

M B = ~a~w~ hdt,

293

1354

Double-Moment of Spaeial Curved Bars

where Ms is double-moment. We denote

M,B = ~ G , ( r o - e ) h d t .
It can be easily proved that o (G3G + G,3X,,)hdt.ds

(16)

[N,~e + Ne~7 $ + Nv~7,1 + M,~x, +

(17)

Mz3xe + M ~ x v + (MB - M , B ) ~ x ] d s - [ M B ~ x ] o t.
On the other hand, the variation of strain energy is ~U = 3 f : ~ 1.~_(Er + Gx2,)hdt.ds = Abstract

The one-dimensional of + the motion of+a [D44x, rigid flying plate under explosive / { D l l e ~ e + problem D22)'$~)'~ D33~'r/~:Xv - (D44 Do)x]3xs + attack has o an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In general, a numerical is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock Dssxe~xe analysis + D66xv3x ~ + [(D44 - Do)(X - x,) - D w x ] ~ x } d s + behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying [D77x~x]~ + f i { - ~ C r a s i n a h d t ( G ~ ) ' e + Xe~x,) + plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus + 7 , ~ 3of . , )high -~Gs i n a c o s a(i.e. h d t (detonation x , ~ X , 1 +velocity ?'~?',) + polytropic an analytic ~Gracosahdt(x, formula with two 37,~ parameters explosive and index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
G(r a -e)sinahdt(7e3x

+ x~)'e ) - f G( rA - e ) c o s a h d t ( ) ' ~ 3 x 1. Introduction

- x~)'r ) }ds .

(18) Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior If the cross-section shape of the bar and the distribution of G are symetrical about axises O l ~ of and materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and Ol 7], the last integration part is identically equal to zero. Let the right terms of (17) and (18) be cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions equal to each other, the equivalent constitutive equations of the bar are obtained as follows of common interest. Under assumptions one-dimensional plane detonation flying plate, N, the = D I I e , N ~ = of Dz27e, N,j = D337 ~ , M, = D 4 4 and x , - rigid (D44 - Do ) Z , the }normal approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations Dssx~, M, 1 = D66x,products l, Ms =behind - D w the g , flyor M,B (Fig. = (D44 (19) governingMe the flow field of detonation I): - D o ) ( G - x ) , here

o,I

+ au ~ ap : +u_~_xp Csin2ohd, ~ ={Cco:ohdt au au 1 y

--ff

=o,

=0,
(i.0

D77 =

Ema h d t , D O = 1"22

a--T =o, dt p =p(p, s),

aS

as

where D O is anti-twist stiffness of cross-section for free twist bar, having relation where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the f G r o e h d t Both = ~GeZhdt = Do trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. are unknown; the. position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave The minimum potential energy principle of the entile bar can be written as D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products 8U-8 { u } + { m } T ' { ~ } ) d s = O. (21) 293 Equilibrium equation (5) described with general displacements can be derived out and the varia-

Zhu Yuchun, Zhang Peiyuan and Yan Bo tional equation with general displacements is MB - M,B = 0.

1355

(22)

Besides, boundary condition (10) and the following boundary condition can also be obtained [ M s ~ x ] ot = 0. (23)

General M e t h o d D e t e r m i n i n g D o u b l e - M o m e n t
Equations for static problems of spatial curved bar with closed thin-wall cross-sections in-

clude: variational equation ( 2 1 ) , geometry equation ( 11 ) , and equivalent constitutive equation ( 1 9 ) . The general solving steps are as follows: Abstract First, from the 4th, 7th, 8th expressions of ( 1 9 ) and formula ( 2 2 ) , we establish the equation of x and x, : The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In D44x, - (D44 - Do)tO - M, In = O, D77x) - (D4,,by - utilizing D o ) ( X , the - x"weak" ) = O. shock (24) general, a numerical analysis is required. this( - paper, however, behavior of = the shock in thethe explosive products, the small parameter If Dkk ( k 1 , reflection 2 , - - ' , 7) is constant, solutions of x andand x , , applying from above equations are purterbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying D44 other - Do than but nearly equal to three. plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices x = c l c h a s + c 2 s h a s + x * , tc~ D44 x + -,,,,M'' (25) Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus an analytic with two parameters of(high here x * is formula a specific solution of equation 2 4 ) , explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. a = a / ( D 4 4 - D o ) " Do~D** O77. Thus, { r } and { t } can be expressed 1. with Introduction { N } , { M} and integration constants cl and c2. Now the unsolved problem is to determine integration constants { Qo }, { Ro }, { ~0 }, { Uo } as well

Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of as c l and c2. materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and cladding of of flyor 4 Dou b lmetals. e - M o mThe e n t method o f P lof a nestimation e Curved B a r velocity U n d e r and V ethe r t i cway a l of D iraising s t r i b uit t eare d questions Loads of common interest. Under of one-dimensional plane detonation andcurved rigid flying plate, the 3). normal r = 0the andassumptions 0 = 0 in formula (3) is just the situation of plane bar (see Fig. Fix approach of the problem of motion of at flyor is to the (following of equations the origin ofsolving the rectangular coordinate system the end ofsolve the bar s = 0 ) system , the axis of the bar governing field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I): being on the the flow plane O x y . The acting loads are

{m}:

{0},{p}=

[0

If the axis of the bar is a circle fl=

--, a

--ff =o, ap +u_~_xp+ au with radium a , we have

au au

q]T

1
a

1 y

=0,
(i.0

aS as x : asinfl, y = a a--T ( 1 - cosfl) =o, .

Denote D =
077D44/(D44

D o ) , solution ( 2 5 ) p =p(p, s),

of

equation (24) becomes of the bar where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, 1specific entropy and particle velocity of axis detonation products [ Mo, cosfl + = c l c h a s + c 2 s h a s + D ( k 2 + a2 ) respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position R and state paraFig. 3 of Axis of the plane curve - No,~a[cosfl ( k 2I + 2)] meters on Moesinfl it are governed by the flowD field ofacentral rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave Do + D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
qaZ[sinfl s D(k2 + a2)]} a Oo '
293 (26)

1356 D44
/Cs --

Double-Moment of Spacial Curved Bars

- Do O~..4 1

(c1chot$ + c 2 s h a s ) + ~ - ~ { ( 1 + f ) Mo, c o s f + (1 + f ) M o e s i n fl + (1 + f D ( k z + a2)

[ (l + f)cosfl

]},
here
f = (D44 - D o ) 2 / [ D 4 4 D 7 7 k 2 + a2)].

(27)

Using equations (6) and ( 1 2 ) , we obtain Ms = Moseosf + Moesin/3 + No,lY - q a ( s - a s i n f l ) ,

M e = - Mo, sin fl + Moeeosfl + NoTx - q a y , N~ = N o T - q s , The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In eosfl -however, xesinf)d s utilizing + = r176 analysis + r is required. + cosfl o (x, paper, general, a q~ numerical In this by the "weak" shock behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter purterbation method, sinfl an analytic, first-order solution is obtained for the problem of flying + x e c oapproximate sfl)ds, o (x, sin~? plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. s (28) Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus q~e = - r + r - sinfl o ( x s c o s p - xesinfl)ds + an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. COS~ 0 (xssinf + ~ecosf)ds,

Abstract

uT = UoT + r

- r

x +

1.

yTds +

Introduction s i n f o (x~cosfl + x e s i n f l ) d s +

Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of cost? impulsive o ( x , sinfl loading, + xecosfl)ds ds, materials under intense shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions w h e r e M 0 , , Moe, No T are the values of M , , M e, N T a t t h e e n d s = 0, a n d r r UoTare of common interest. the values of f , , q~e, uT at s = 0. x e and 7 T are described with M e and N T by ( 1 9 ) . N , , Ne , Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal M T , u , , ofu e , ~o~ are identically equal to approach solving the all problem of motion ofzero. flyor is to solve the following system of equations governing thebar flow field of detonation products behind flyor (Fig. I): conditions are If the l is fixed at s = 0, and free at s = the l , the boundary
s = 0(p = 0), Uo~ = 0, r = r = 0, x = 0 (with double-moment), (without double-moment). s = l ( p = fit), N~ = 0, --ff M, +u_~_xp = M e += ap

=o, 0, au x = 0

The integration constants determined au by aforementioned conditions are au 1

=0,

No~ = q l , Mo~ = qal

a--T

aS

as

1---Tslnfl/

(i.0
,

=o,
( q"
,

Moe = - qa : (1 - cosflt), p =p(p, s),

-

(29)

c, = qa[D(~ +-a2 ) where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products

respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the qa 2 . k3 1 trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parac2 = - c l t h a l + D ( k 2 + aZ ) --$ a " cha-----~" meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave D and by initial stage given of motion of7th flyor also; the position of F (19) and the The double-moment by the expression of equation is state parameters of products

--

l qo2[(l__.in /sho -s
aa k2 + a 2 j ~1~

293

Zhu Yuchun, Zhang Peiyuan and Yan Bo

1357

(k 2 + a 2 ) a 2 ( c h a l - 1 and the double-moment at fixed end of the bar is M,o = D~-_ D Oqa 2 D44 [(/

+ k2 + a2Me

(30)

asinflt / - k2-V-~--~a2 ] 9 thal +

(1

~o~51

(31)

References:
Abstract Gianelige G U, Banuofuco R G. Statics of Elastical Thin Walled Bars [ M ] . Hu Haichang, Xie Bomin problem Trasl. Beijing: Science version) The one-dimensional of the motion ofPress, a rigid1955. flying (Chinese plate under explosive attack has an the polytropic index detonation products toBars three. [ 2 analytic ] Chen solution Tieyun, only Chenwhen Bozhen. Band, Twist andof Stability of Open Thin equals Walled [ M In ]. general, National a numerical analysis is 1965. required. this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock Defence Press, (in In Chinese) behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur[3] Vlasov V Z. Elastical Thin Walled Bars [ M ]. Moscow: National Science Academic terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying Press, Russian) plate driven by 1963. various(in high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three. [4] velocities Wu Daren. Differential Geometry [ M ]very . Beijing: People's Education 1959.Thus (in Final of flying plate obtained agree well with numerical results byPress, computers. an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic Chinese) index) estimation ofHuijian. the velocity of flying Material plate is established. [ 5 ] for Luo Zudao, Li Anisotropic Mechanics [ J]. Shanghai : Shanghai Jiaotong University Press, 1994. (in Chinese) Introduction [ 6 ] Xiong Hanwei, Zhang Peiyuan. 1. Finite element analysis of spatial curved bods[ J]. Journal of Chongqing University, 1997,20(4) :31 - 36. (in Chinese) Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions of common interest. Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):

[ 1]

--ff ap +u_~_xp+
au au

au 1 y

=o,

=0,
(i.0

a--T =o, p =p(p, s),

where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state parameters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
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