Goodafternoon one n all. My name is Abhinav Goyal and I am going to give presentation on my summer internship project at cairn india.

My topics for the office and field are Rig hydraulics & cementation respectively. ---------------------THE WELL FOR WHICH I DID HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS IS MANGALA 159-12-101. HERE THE RESULTS OF 81/2 HOLE SECTION ARE DICUSSED. -------------HYDRAULICS IS THE STUDY OF FLOW OF ANY FLUID AND THE VARIOUS PRESSURES LOSSES ALONG ITS COURSE OF FLOW. THE WORKFLOW FOR THE HYDRAULIC ANALYSIS COMPRISES OF .. -------------------------DRILLING FLUID IS A NON NEWTONIAN FLUID ANS ITS RHEOLOGY IS EXPRESSED BY THE THREE MODELS. AT LOW SHEAR RATES BP OVERPREDICTS THE YIELD STRESSES & PL DOESNOT INCLUDE THE YIELD STRESSES UNDERPREDICT. KEEPING THE HOLE CLEAN IS THE BASE OF HYDRAULICS OPTIMIZATION. BEING A HORIZONTAL WELL CUTTINGS TEND TO FORM STATIONARY BED WHICH NEEDS TO BE REMOVED. HERE LARSON MODEL IS USED FOR HOLE CLEANING CALCULATIONS. THE CHART SHOWS PARAMETERS WHICH EFFECT HOLE CLEANING ALONG WITH THE EXTENT WITH WHICH THEY CAN BE CONTROLLED. THE FIRST GRAPH SHOWS THE WELL INCLINATION WITH DEPTH. HERE THE MINIMUM FLOW RATE FOR THEORITCAL HOLE CLEANING IS 480 GPM AND THE MAXIMUM CONC OF CUTTINGS THAT WOULD BE IN ANNULUS WHILE TRANSPORTING WOULD BE 0.8-1% AND AT RATE ABOVE THE MINIMUM FLOW RATE NO BED HT IN THE ANNULUS. . THIS GRAPH SHOWS THAT AS WE INCREASE THE ROP MORE FLOW RATE WOULD BE NEEDED TO CLEAN THE HOLE AS MORE CUTTINGS WOULD BE GENERATED IN THE ANNULUS DETERMING FLOW REGIME IN THE OPEN HOLE SECTION IS VERY MUCH IMPORTANT AS IN SOFT FORMATIONS AND SHALLOW FORM TURBULENT FLOW CAN CAUSE WASHOUTS WHILE IT IS EFFECTIVE FOR HOLE CLENAING IN HORIZONTAL SECTION. --------------------Single Velocity at which the flow regime changes from laminar to turbulent. AS IT CAN BE SEEN THE CRITICAL VELOCITY DEPENDS ON REYNOLDS NO FLOW INDEX N AND THE ANNULAR CLEARANCE. REYNOLDS NUMBER IS MOST USED CRITERIA FOR DECIDING THE FLOW REGIME TRANSITIONS. ------------------------------PRESSURES LOSSES IN CIRCULATING SYSTEM COMPRISES OF ..

The graph shows the total pressure loss increase with flow rate the maximum flow rate that can be used in this section is 645 gpm .

As the mud in is circulation its effective density increase due to the annular pressure loss contribution and at any time it should not exceed the fracture gradient. This graph shows ecd at 550 gpm and the ecd lies well in the pressure window. In terms of circulating pressures the annulus circulating pressure should be inside the window at any time while drilling. By Hydraulics optimization we try to maximize hydraulic horse power at the bit for optimum bit and hole cleaning, maximizing the impact force of the fluid on the formation for increased rate of penetration, or providing for a compromise between the two. Bit pressure drop--- the formula explains the graph very well . for high flow rates we require more tfa and for more pressure we require less tfa. so thats why when flow rate is increasing tfa is increasing and as tfa is increasing pressure drop across bit is decreasing.

The decrease in horsepower after the peaks is due to the rapid increase in parasitic losses at high flow rates under a constant pump pressure.

prior to running the casing and cementing, the drilling fluid should be conditioned to exhibit easy-to remove properties including low fluid loss, thin rheological properties, and a flat gel profile. Displacement rates should be specified based on the maximum pumping rate that can be obtained without exerting sufficient annulus pressure (due to increased ECDs) to break-down the formation and lose returns The spacer volume should be designed to produce a minimum of 10 minutes annular surface contact time through intervals of critical cement bonding to cause turbulence near the centralizer. Turbulators can affect mud removal +- 5-10 feet from the centralizer location The amount of time for a cement slurry to become too thick to pump