VCE Physics 1999 Unit 4 Solutions 5/11/99 Motion Context A Transport and safety 1. 350 N.

Average force =Mass x (Change in Ve ! Ti"e ta#en$. %av = &.0 x (0 ' (.0$!(1.) x 10*1$ = 350 N. (Ave: 3.1/4) +. Change in Mo"ent," of the head is the sa"e regard ess of the nat,re of the i"pact. (1$ -"p, se = Change in Mo"ent,". so -"p, se is the sa"e. (1$ -"p, se = Average %orce x Ti"e of i"pact. (1$ Air /ag increases the ti"e of i"pact. and so decreases the %orce of the i"pact. (1$ (Ave = 2.1/4) 3. 0ero After a distance of 500 "etres. the speed is constant. so acce eration is 1ero. and so ",st the Net %orce. (Ave = 1.0 /2) 2. 3.)3 "s*+ At +00". the 3pposing %orce = +.000 N. the constant 4riving %orce ",st /e 10.000 N since the speed is constant after 500". Net %orce = 10.000 ' +.000 = (. 000 N(1) = "ass x acce 5n = ++00 x a (1) Acce 5n = (.000 ! +.+00 = 3.)3 "!s+ (1) (Ave = 1.4/3) 5. +.5 x 10) 6 7or# 4one = Area ,nder %orce * 4istance graph. %ind Area /y approxi"ating to a triang e or co,nting s8,ares. Area = 9 x 500 x 10.000 = +.5 x 10). No. of s8,ares = 1+.5 s8,ares. :ach s8,are = +.000 x 100 6 ! s8,are. Accept 1+ ' 13 s8,ares. (Ave = 2.2/4) ). ;p<ards.(1) 4o<n<ard ve ocity is decreasing. (1) (Ave = 1.1/2) &. =hort arro< do<n fro" <aist. a/e ed ><eight?. @ong arro< ,p fro" point of contact of feet <ith air /ag. a/e ed >Aeaction?. (Ave = 1.5/3) (. C Car is trave ing in direction of tangent of path B. 4 =ee C,estion ( (Ave of 8 & 9 = 1.6/2) 10. : No air resistance. so on y force is <eight do<n<ards. 11. : No change for 8,estion 10. 1+. % Air resistance acts in direction D. so co"/ined effect <ith <eight (:$ is %. (Ave of 10, 11 & 12 = 2.5/4) 13. Arro< to the right. (Ave = 1.1/2) 12. 1&.0 "!s Net force = )200 N = "ass x ve + ! radi,s = (00 x ve + ! 3).0 ve + = )200 x 3).0 ! (00. Ve = 1).B& "!s . (Ave = 1.5/2) 15. The acce eration of the car is hori1onta and in<ards. so the net force ",st /e a so in<ards and hori1onta . The force co"es fro" the friction /et<een the tyres and the road. (Ave = 1.9/4) Gravity 1. 0.++2 N!#g >g? = DM!r+ = ).)& x 10*11 x 5.B( x 10+2 ! (2.++ x 10&$+ = 0.++3B( . (Ave = 1.5/2) 3 +. 3.0& x 10 "!s >g? = a = ve +! r. Ve + = g x r = 0.++2 x 2.++ x 10&. Ve = 30&2.5 . (Ave = 1.9/3) 3. C AE Net force is not 1ero. gravity acts. FE =peed is constant. /,t ve ocity is not. as direction changes. 4E -f there is a net force. there ",st /e an acce 5n. (Ave = 1.0/2) 2. 5.B x 10+ N Dravitationa force = <eight force = "ass x g5 = )( x (.& = 5B+N. (Ave = 1.4/2) 5. 0ero Foth the /ed and the astrona,t are acce erating to<ards the :arth at the va ,e of the acce eration d,e to gravity at that point in space. The astrona,t is ><eight ess?. (Ave = 0.9/2) ). The astrona,t is not rea y <eight ess as the ><eight? is the gravitationa force d,e to another "ass. in this case. the :arth. This force cannot /e t,rned off. This force a so prod,ces an

acce eration on the astrona,t <hich ca,ses the astrona,t to "ove in a circ e rather than f y off into space. (Ave = 1.5/3) Structures an Materials 1. C G is /eing stretched /y the /as#et. H is /eing p,shed against the <a /y the /as#et. (Ave = 1.6/2) +. 1.5 x 10+ N The ,p<ard co"ponent of the force in G cance s the <eight force. 0 T cos 50 = "g. T = 10.0 x B.( ! cos 500 = 15+.5 N. (Ave = 1.3/3) 3. 5B N Tota ,p<ard force = Tota do<n<ard force = 5.0 x B.( I 1.0 x B.( = 5(.( = 5B N. (Ave = 1.4/2) 2. 3( N Ta#ing tor8,es a/o,t G. C oc#<ise tor8,e of H = antic oc#<ise tor8,es of <eights. %x x 1.5 = 2B x 1.0 I B.( x 0.&5. %x = 3&.) N. (Ave = 1.7/4) 5. +.50 x 1011 N!"+ Go,ng5s "od, ,s = gradient of stress * strain graph gradient = +50 x 10) ! (1 x 10*3$ = +.50 x 1011. (Ave = 1.4/2) ). 1+50 N =tress = %orce ! Area. Max stress = 1+5 x 10) N!"+. %orce = =tress x Area = 1+5 x 10) x (10 x 10*)$ = 1+50 N. (Ave = 1.8/4) &. =tee To,ghness = Area ,nder graph. =tee has "ore s8,ares. and each stee s8,are has a arger va ,e /eca,se of the difference /et<een the sca es on the G axis. (Ave = 2.0/3) (. =trong "eans tensi e strength. <hich is "ax stress. To,ghness "eans area ,nder graph. =tee is greater in each of these. (Ave = 1.7/3) !i"ht an Matter 1. 4 AE Tr,e. FE Tr,e. CE Tr,e. (Ave = 1.1/2) +. 2.B eV :nergy = hf = hc! = 2.12 x 10*15 x 3.0 x 10( ! (+.52 x 10*&$ = 2.(B eV . (Ave = 1.2/2) 3. 0.+ eV J:"ax = hf ' 7 = 2.B ' 2.& = 0.+ eV . (Ave = 0.9/2) 2. F =a"e fre8,ency "eans sa"e stopping vo tage. Kigher intensity "eans higher initia c,rrent. (Ave = 1.2/2) 5. 3.B& x 10*+2 #g"!s p = h! = ).)3 x 10*32 ! (1.)& x 10*10$. (Ave = 1.4/2) ). 7ave ength of e ectron is co"para/ e to ato"ic spacing and <i prod,ce diffraction. 7ave ength of visi/ e ight (200 n"$ is +00 ti"es greater than the ato"ic spacing. so the ight <i not >see? the ato"s at a . it <i treat the crysta as a sing e o/Lect. (Ave = 0.7/3) &. 1.(5 x 10*& " :nergy 4iff = hc!. = hc ! :. = (2.12 x 10*15 x 3.00 x 10($ ! (10.2 ' 3.&$ = 1(5 n". (Ave = 2.1/4) Average score =52 !B0. 2+ st,dents got B0 ! B0. @etter Drade Categories E AI E B0 ' (+ A E (1 ' &1 CI E 51 ' 23 C E 2+ ' 32 :I E 1B ' 13 : E 1+ ' B FI E &0 ' )+ 4I E 33 ' +& ;D E ( ' 0 F E )1 * 5+ 4 E +) * +0