TPR(total physical response)is a method of teaching language using physical movement To react to verbal input in order to reduce student

inhibitions and lower their affective filter. It allows students to react to language without thinking too much, facilitates long term retention, and reduces student anxiety and stress. Advantage -Easy to implement/no translation -New playing field: no disadvantage for academically weaker students -Trains students to react to language and not think about it too much -Reduces pressure and stress for students -Different style of teaching/learning -Long-term retention/magiceffect -Repetition is disguised: more effective input Theory of tpr -Childhood language acquisition theories Children are exposed to huge amounts of language input before speaking. -Lowering stress and the affective filter Students learn more when they are relaxed. Principle of tpr -Prepare a script -Recycle language and review extensively -Don't change the target language -Be good-natured and positive -Introduce limited number of new items and manipulate them extensively -Incorporate some humor -Students don't speak -Students don't help each other Community langage learning (curran) -To get the language competence and performance by asking questions.

Each student lowers the defenses that prevent open interpersonal communication. The anxiety caused by the educational context is lessened by means of the supportive community. The teachers presence is not perceived as a threat, but as a counselor.
Feature

1. The sense of belonging needed by both students and teachers. 2. Both teachers and students have the responsibility for the learning activity. 3. In a good knower-client relationship, there quickly develops a warm, sympathetic attitude of mutual trust and respect. The client emulates the language and person of the knower; the knower is fulfilled and enriched through the counseling-teaching experience. 4. More important to learners is the freedom and initiative they are permitted. 5. The most basic ingredient in CLL is a mutual interest, respect and concern of teachers for students and students for students. The teaching procedure: (a) The students sit in a circle, and the teacher(s) is(are) outside the circle. (b) During the first stage, a tape recorder is normally used. The only voices taped are those of the student-clients when they are speaking in the target language.

(c) The students initiate the conversation in their native language and the knower Translates it into the target language. They then repeat in the target language what they have heard the knower said. (d) Students assist each other and they use the teacher when there is a need. The knower provides translation only when someone signals by raising his/her hand. (e) Color coded signals are used. If red is flashed, an error has been made. If amber, there is a more suitable idiom and a better way. If green, the utterance is acceptable. Blue indicates native expertise. Students developmental stages: (a)The Embryonic Stage Students are totally dependent on the teacher. (b) The Self-assertion Stage The student-clients begin to show some independence and tries out the language. (c) IThe birth Stage The students speak independently. They are most likely to resent what they feel unnecessary assistance from the knower. (d) The Reversal Stage They are secure to take correction. (e) The Independent Stage Interruptions are infrequent. They occur for enrichment and improvement of style.
Suggestopedia -Conduct the many negative suggestions or fears which inhibit learning feelings of incompetence and fear of making mistakes, and make students learn the target language in a relaxing atmosphere. Feature 1. In a relaxing atmosphere with carpeted floor, easy chairs and classic music 2. Students are encouraged to be as childlike as possible, yielding all authority to the teacher. 3. Every student is provided a new name and a new role within the target language on the first day of class.

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The dialogues are presented to the students in three phases: (a) explicative reading (b) intonational reading (c) concert
Students engage in interaction activities to review the material and involve new utterances as much as possible. The teacher maintains a solemn attitude towards the session and shows absolute confidence in the method.

Disadvantage

Students dont concentrate on the language learning because eof the music. Students speech is somewhat inaccurate grammatically and phonologically. All students need to share a common native language. Teachers must be proficient not only in the target language but also I students native language. 5. Not all teachers are skilled in acting, singing and choosing the appropriate music and not all students can appreciate the music.
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