BRITISH STANDARD

OBSOLESCENT MAY 1986

BS 3410:1961

Specification for

Metal washers
For general engineering purposes

UDC 621.882.4

BS 3410:1961

Co-operating organizations
The Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee, under whose supervision this British Standard was prepared, consists of representatives from the following Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations:
Admiralty* Air Ministry Associated Offices Technical Committee Association of Consulting Engineers (Incorporated) British Chemical Plant Manufacturers Association British Compressed Air Society British Electrical and Allied Manufacturers Association* British Engineers Association* British Gear Manufacturers Association British Internal Combustion Engine Manufacturers Association* British Iron and Steel Federation* British Railways, The British Transport Commission* Crown Agents for Oversea Governments and Administrations* D.S.I.R. National Engineering Laboratory Electricity Council, The Generating Board and the Area Boards in England and Wales Engineering Equipment Users Association* Gas Council High Commission of India* Institute of Marine Engineers Institute of Petroleum Institution of Civil Engineers Institution of Gas Engineers Institution of Heating and Ventilating Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers Institution of Mechanical Engineers (Automobile Division) Institution of Production Engineers* Locomotive and Allied Manufacturers Association of Great Britain* Machine Tool Trades Association* Ministry of Labour (Factory Inspectorate) Ministry of Power Ministry of Transport Ministry of Works National Coal Board National Physical Laboratory (D.S.I.R.)* Radio Industry Council* War Office*

The Government departments and scientific and industrial organizations marked with an asterisk in the above list, together with the following, were directly represented on the Committee entrusted with the preparation of this standard:
Agricultural Engineers Association Black Bolt & Nut Association of Great Britain Bright Bolt & Nut Manufacturers Association Bright Steel Bar Association British Constructional Steelwork Association British Cycle & Motor Cycle Industries Association Limited Council of British Manufacturers of Petroleum Equipment Electronic Engineering Association Heat Treated Bolt Association Institute of Iron & Steel Wire Manufacturers London Transport Executive, The British Transport Commission Ministry of Aviation Oil Companies Materials Association Post Office Rolled Thread Screw Association Screw Manufacturers Association Society of Motor Manufacturers & Traders Limited Washer Manufacturers Association Individual firms

This British Standard, having been approved by the Mechanical Engineering Industry Standards Committee and endorsed by the Chairman of the Engineering Divisional Council, was published under the authority of the General Council on 1 September 1961 BSI 02-2000 The following BSI references relate to the work on this standard: Committee references MEE/60 MEE/60/6 Draft for comment A(MEE)4400 ISBN 0 580 34594 7

Amendments issued since publication Amd. No. Date Comments

BS 3410:1961

Contents
Page Co-operating organizations Inside front cover Foreword ii Part 1: Bright metal washers 1 Scope 1 2 Material 1 3 Finish 1 4 Coating 1 5 Dimensions 1 Part 2: Black metal washers 6 Scope 8 7 Material 8 8 Finish 8 9 Dimensions 8 Table 1 Small bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners 2 Table 2 Large bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners 3 Table 3 Small bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W and B.S.F fasteners 4 Table 4 Large bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners 5 Table 5 Medium bright washers for automobile purposes for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W and B.S.F. fasteners 6 Table 6 Large bright washers for automobile purposes for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners 7 Table 7 Ordinary black washers 9 Table 8 Large black washers 10 Table 9 Small light gauge black washers 11 Table 10 Round black washers with square holes for woodwork and timber constructions 12 Table 11 Square black washers with round holes 13 Table 12 Square or D-shaped taper washers 14

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BS 3410:1961

Foreword
This standard makes reference to the following British Standards: BS 15, Structural steel. BS 265, Cold rolled brass sheet, strip and foil, copper content 61.5 per cent minimum and under 64 per cent maximum. BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings. BS 310, Blackheart malleable iron castings. BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip. This British Standard has been prepared under the authority of the Mechanical Engineering industry Standards Committee. Tables for plain washers have hitherto been included in standards for bolts, screws and nuts, but it has been felt for some time that these provisions did not adequately represent either users requirements or current manufacturing practice. The present standard, which is intended to supersede these existing tables,1) accordingly provides for metal washers in a greater variety of diameters and thicknesses and is based upon what experience has shown to be the greatest popular demand. At first sight this may appear contrary to normal standardization procedure, but it is hoped that by establishing a standard series of metal washers which should meet most general engineering requirements, the demand for an unnecessary multiplicity of specials can in fact be eliminated. A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application. Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity from legal obligations.

Summary of pages This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i and ii, pages 1 to 14 and a back cover. This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the inside front cover.
Tables of washers which are superseded by this standard are contained in the following British Standards: BS 57, B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain washers. BS 325, Black cup and countersunk bolts, nuts and washers. BS 916, Black bolts, screws and nuts. BS 1083, Precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain washers. BS 1768, Unified precision hexagon bolts, screws, nuts (UNC and UNF threads) and plain washers normal series. BS 1769, Unified black hexagon bolts, screws, nuts and plain washers heavy series. BS 1981, Unified machine screws and machine screw nuts. BS 2466, Black taper washers. BS 2708, Unified black square and hexagon bolts, screws and nuts (UNC and UNF threads) and plain washers normal series.
1)

ii

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BS 3410:1961

Part 1: Bright metal washers

1 Scope
Part 1 of this British Standard relates to bright metal washers for use with standard fasteners and for other general purposes. Dimensions are given for large and small washers: one grade of thickness is specified for those intended for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners and two grades of thickness are specified for washers for use with Unified, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners. In addition, tables of dimensions for bright washers for automobile use are included in this part of the standard. General requirements for material and finish of bright washers are also given.

3 Finish
The washers shall be reasonably flat and free from burrs. Standard washers will normally be supplied unchamfered. If chamfered washers are required this should be specified by the purchaser in his enquiry or order.

4 Coating
If the washers are required to have a protective or decorative finish, this shall be specified by the purchaser in his enquiry or order.

5 Dimensions
The dimensions of bright washers shall be in accordance with Table 1 to Table 6 inclusive.

2 Material
Steel washers shall be made from En2 cold rolled steel in the hard condition in accordance with BS 1449, Steel plate, sheet and strip. Brass washers shall be made from material in the hard condition in accordance with BS 265, Cold rolled brass sheet, strip and foil copper content 61.5 per cent minimum and under 64 per cent maximum. If the purchaser requires the washers to be manufactured from steel or brass in any other condition, or of another material, he shall specify his requirements in his enquiry or order.

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BS 3410:1961

Table 1 Small bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners

see Clause 3
1 B.A. No. American No. size 2 3 4 5 6 Thicknessa C S.W.G. in Diameter of hole A max. in min. in Outside diameter B max. in min. in

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

0.099 0.111 0.123 0.140 0.157 0.177 0.202 0.228 0.256

0.094 0.106 0.118 0.135 0.152 0.172 0.197 0.223 0.251

0.185 0.208 0.233 0.268 0.301 0.341 0.391 0.443 0.500

0.180 0.203 0.228 0.263 0.296 0.336 0.386 0.438 0.495

25 24 23 23 22 22 21 20 19

0.020 0.022 0.024 0.024 0.028 0.028 0.032 0.036 0.040

NOTE The sizes shown in heavy type are those which are designated Preferred in BS 57, B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain washers. a Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

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BS 3410:1961

Table 2 Large bright washers for use with B.A. and American Number size fasteners

see Clause 3
1 B.A. American No. size 2 3 4 5 6 Thicknessa C S.W.G. in Diameter of hole A max. in min. in Outside diameter B max. in min. in

14 12 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 10 12

0.049 0.061 0.078 0.086 0.099 0.111 0.123 0.140 0.157 0.177 0.202 0.228 0.256

0.044 0.056 0.073 0.081 0.094 0.106 0.118 0.135 0.152 0.172 0.197 0.223 0.251

0.097 0.130 0.176 0.197 0.228 0.257 0.288 0.335 0.378 0.432 0.500 0.565 0.625

0.092 0.125 0.171 0.192 0.223 0.252 0.283 0.330 0.373 0.427 0.495 0.560 0.620

27 27 27 27 25 22 20 20 19 19 18 18 17

0.016 0.016 0.016 0.016 0.020 0.028 0.036 0.036 0.040 0.040 0.348 0.048 0.056

NOTE The sizes shown in heavy type are those which are designated Preferred in BS 57, B.A. screws, bolts, nuts and plain washers. a Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

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BS 3410:1961

Table 3 Small bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

see Clause
1 Nominal size of bolt or screw in 2 3 4 5 Diameter of hole A max. in min. in Outside diameter B max. in min. in

3
7 Thicknessa C

Heavy gauge S.W.G. in

Light gauge S.W.G. in

/4 5 /16 3 /8
1

0.270 0.333 0.395 0.458 0.520 0.593 0.656 0.781 0.906 1.031 1.156 1.281 1.406 1.531 1.781 2.031

0.265 0.328 0.390 0.453 0.515 0.588 0.651 0.776 0.901 1.026 1.151 1.276 1.401 1.526 1.776 2.026

0.562 0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.500 1.625 1.875 2.125 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.375 3.625

0.557 0.620 0.745 0.870 0.995 1.115 1.240 1.490 1.615 1.865 2.115 2.355 2.605 2.855 3.345 3.595

17 15 15 13 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 5 5

0.056 0.072 0.072 0.092 0.092 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.176 0.176 0.192 0.192 0.212 0.212

20 19 18 18 17 17 15 15 15 15 13 11

0.036 0.040 0.048 0.048 0.056 0.056 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.092 0.116

/16 1/ 2 9/ 16
7

/8 /4 7 /8
5 3

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 13/4 2

a Subject

to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that when small fractional size washers not tabulated here are required, the following B.A. sizes, for which dimensions are given in Table 1, are suitable. For inch size use B.A. size For inch size
3 7

use B.A. size

/32 /8 5/ 32
3 1

7 5 3

/16 /32

2 1

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BS 3410:1961

Table 4 Large bright washers for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

see Clause 3
1 Nominal size of bolt or screw in
1/ 4 5/ 16 3 /8

6 Thicknessa C Heavy gauge S.W.G. in

Diameter of hole A max. in min. in

Outside diameter B max. in min. in

Light gauge S.W.G. in

0.270 0.333 0.395 0.458 0.520 0.593 0.656 0.781 0.906 1.031 1.156 1.281 1.406 1.531 1.781 2.031

0.265 0.328 0.390 0.453 0.515 0.588 0.651 0.776 0.901 1.026 1.151 1.276 1.401 1.526 1.776 2.026

0.625 0.750 0.875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125 2.375 2.625 2.875 3.125 3.625 4.125

0.620 0.745 0.870 0.995 1.115 1.240 1.365 1.615 1.865 2.115 2.355 2.605 2.855 3.095 3.595 4.095

17 15 15 13 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 5 5

0.056 0.072 0.072 0.092 0.092 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.176 0.176 0.192 0.192 0.212 0.212

19 18 18 17 17 17 15 15 15 13 12 11 10 10 10 10

0.040 0.048 0.048 0.056 0.056 0.056 0.072 0.072 0.072 0.092 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.128 0.128 0.128

/16 /2 9/ 16
7 1

/8 /4 7 /8
5 3

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 13/4 2

a Subject

to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

NOTE Attention is drawn to the fact that when small fractional size washers not tabulated here are required, the following B.A. sizes, for which dimensions are given in Table 2, are suitable. For inch size
1 3

use B.A. size

For inch size

use B.A. size

/16 /32 1 /8

10 7 5

/32 /16 7 /32

5 3

3 2 1

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BS 3410:1961

Table 5 Medium bright washers for automobile purposes for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

1 Nominal size of bolt or screw in

6 Thicknessa C S.W.G. in

Diameter of hole A max. in min. in

Outside diameter B max. in min. in

/4 /16 3/ 8
1 5

0.270 0.333 0.395 0.458 0.520 0.593 0.656 0.781 0.906 1.031

0.265 0.328 0.390 0.453 0.515 0.588 0.651 0.776 0.901 1.026

0.750 0.875 1.000 1.125 1.250 1.375 1.625 1.875 2.125 2.375

0.745 0.870 0.995 1.115 1.240 1.365 1.615 1.865 2.115 2.355

16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 6

0.064 0.072 0.080 0.092 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.192

/16 /2 9 /16
7 1

/8 /4 7 /8
5 3

1
a

Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

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BS 3410:1961

Table 6 Large bright washers for automobile purposes for use with UNC, UNF, B.S.W. and B.S.F. fasteners

1 Nominal size of bolt or screw in

6 Thicknessa C S.W.G. in

Diameter of hole A max. in min. in

Outside diameter B max. in min. in

/4 /16 3 /8
1 5

0.270 0.333 0.395 0.458 0.520 0.593 0.656 0.781 0.906 1.031

0.265 0.328 0.390 0.453 0.515 0.588 0.651 0.776 0.901 1.026

1.000 1.250 1.375 1.500 1.625 1.750 2.000 2.250 2.500 2.750

0.995 1.240 1.365 1.490 1.615 1.740 1.990 2.240 2.480 2.730

16 14 13 12 11 10 10 9 8 6

0.064 0.080 0.092 0.104 0.116 0.128 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.192

/16 /2 9 /16
7 1

/8 /4 7 /8
5 3

1
a

Subject to the normal manufacturing tolerances on the sheet or strip as specified in the appropriate British Standards.

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BS 3410:1961

Part 2: Black metal washers

6 Scope
Part 2 of this British Standard relates to black steel washers and malleable cast iron washers for use with standard bolts and for other general purposes. Dimensions are specified for the following types of washers: ordinary black washers; large black washers; small light gauge black washers; round black washers with square holes for woodwork and timber; square black washers with round holes; steel or malleable cast iron square or D-shaped taper washers. General requirements for material and finish are also given.
NOTE The washers specified in this standard are not suitable for use with the fasteners covered by BS 3139, High strength friction grip bolts for structural engineering which includes its own provision for washers.

8 Finish
The faces of the washers shall be reasonably flat, smooth and free from burrs.

9 Dimensions
a) The dimensions of round black washers with round holes shall be in accordance with Table 7, Table 8 and Table 9. b) The dimensions of round black washers with square holes shall be in accordance with Table 10. c) The dimensions of square black washers with round holes shall be in accordance with Table 11. d) The dimensions of square or D-shaped black taper washers shall be in accordance with Table 12.

7 Material
a) Steel washers. i) Flat. Unless otherwise specified, flat washers shall be made from mild steel. ii) Taper. Taper washers shall be made from mild steel to BS 15, Structural steel with a tensile strength of 28/33 tons per sq in. b) Malleable cast iron type. These shall be made from either i) Malleable cast iron (whiteheart) in accordance with BS 309, Whiteheart malleable iron castings. or ii) Malleable cast iron (blackheart) in accordance with BS 310, Blackheart malleable iron castings.

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BS 3410:1961

Table 7 Ordinary black washers

1 Nominal size of bolt in

2 Diameter of hole A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

3 Outside diameter B in

4 Thickness C Tolerance 1 gauge S.W.G. in

/4 /16 3 /8
1 5

/32 11 /32 13 /32

9 15 9 5

/8 /4 7 /8
5 3

16 14 14 12 12 10 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5

0.064 0.080 0.080 0.104 0.104 0.128 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.176 0.176 0.192 0.192 0.192 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212

/16 1 /2 9 /16
7 5/ 8 3 /4 7 /8

/32

/16 /8

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 15/8 17/8 21/8 23/8 25/8 27/8 31/8 33/8 35/8 37/8 41/8

11/ 16 13 /16 15 /16

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 15/8 13/4 17/8 2

11/16 13/16 13/8 11/2 15/8 13/4 17/8 2 21/8

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BS 3410:1961

Table 8 Large black washers

1 Nominal size of bolt in

2 Diameter of hole A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

3 Outside diameter B in
3 7

4 Thickness C Tolerance 1 gauge S.W.G. in

/4 /16 3 /8
1 5 7/ 16 1 /2 9 /16 5/ 8 3 /4 7 /8

/32 11 /32 13 /32

9 15/ 32 9 /16 5 /8 11/ 16 13 /16 15 /16

/4 /8

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 13/4 2 21/4 21/2 23/4 3 31/4 31/2 33/4 4 41/4

12 12 12 12 12 10 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5 5

0.104 0.104 0.104 0.104 0.104 0.128 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.176 0.176 0.192 0.192 0.192 0.212 0.212 0.212 0.212

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2 15/8 13/4 17/8 2

11/16 13/16 13/8 11/2 15/8 13/4 17/8 2 21/8

10

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BS 3410:1961

Table 9 Small light gauge black washers

1 Nominal size of bolt in

2 Diameter of hole A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

3 Outside diameter B in

4 Thickness C Tolerance 1 gauge S.W.G. in

/4 /16 3 /8
1 5

/32 11 /32 13 /32

9

/16 /8 3 /4
9 5 7

16 16 16 16 16 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14

0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.064 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080 0.080

/16 1 /2 9 /16
7 5/ 8 3 /4 7 /8

/32 17 /32 19 /32

15 21/ 32 25 /32 29 /32

/8

1 11/8 11/4 11/2 15/8 17/8 21/8 23/8 25/8 27/8

1 11/8 11/4 13/8 11/2

11/32 15/32 19/32 113/32 117/32

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BS 3410:1961

Table 10 Round black washers with square holes for woodwork and timber constructions

1 Nominal size of bolt in

2 Width of hole A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

3 Outside diameter B in

4 Thickness C Tolerance 1 gauge S.W.G. in

/8 /2 5 /8
3 1 3/ 4 7 /8

/16 /16 11 /16

7 9 13/ 16 15 /16 11/16

1 /4 11/2 2
1

11 10 9 8 5 5

0.116 0.128 0.144 0.160 0.212 0.212

21/4 25/8 3

12

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BS 3410:1961

Table 11 Square black washers with round holes

1 Nominal size of bolt in

3

2 Diameter of hole A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

7 1

3 Outside square B in

4 Thickness C Tolerance 1 gauge S.W.G. in

/8 /2

/16 /16

1 /2 2 11/2 2 2

10 10 10 6 3 10 6 3 10 3 3 3/0 3 3/0

0.128 0.128 0.128 0.192 0.252 0.128 0.192 0.252 0.128 0.252 0.252 0.372 0.252 0.372

/8

11

/16

3 21/2

/4

13

/16

3 3 4 21/2 3 3 4 4

7/ 8

15/ 16

11/16

11/4

13/8

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BS 3410:1961

Table 12 Square or D-shaped taper washers

1 Nominal size of bolt in

2 Diameter of hole> A Tolerance + 1/32 in in

3 Overall size B in

4 Mean thickness C 3 and 5 in 8 in

/8 /2 5 /8
3 1

/16 /16 11 /16

7 9

1 11/4 11/2 13/4 2 21/4

/16 /16 3 /16

3 3

/4 /4 1 /4
1 1

/4 7 /8 1
3

/16 15 /16 1 1 /16

13

/16 3 /16 3 /16

3

/4 /4 1 /4
1 1

* Angle of taper may be 3, 5 or 8. > Centre hole to be parallel to within 4.

14

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BS 3410:1961

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