0 EXPT NO: DATE:

STUDY OF SCORBOT-ER 4u ROBOT

The SCORBOT-ER 4u was designed and developed to emulate an industrial robot. The open structure of the robot arm allows students to observe and learn about its internal mechanisms. INTRODUCING SCOREBASE SCOREB SE for SCOREB SE ER-4u is a robotics control software pac!age for robot programming and operation. SCOREB SE for SCOREB SE ER-4u provides numerous capabilities. Communication with the robot controller over "SB channel. Control and real time status displa# of five robot a$es% gripper and two peripheral a$es. &ull support and real-time status displa# of eight digital inputs% eight digital outputs% four analog inputs% and two analog outputs. 'osition definition and displa# as well as manual robot movement in reference to (oint Coordinate s#stem )encoder units*. The Cartesian coordinate s#stem )+% ,% - 'itch and Roll* is also used. Robot movement definition as .o to position% .o linear% or .o circular% with ten active speed settings.) vailabilit# depends on E$perience level settings*. /efault setting of 0111 positions and 0111 active program lines. 2nterrupt programming for handling responses to changes in digital input status. 3ariable programming in three levels of comple$it#% to moderate the leaning curve. This ma!es it possible for beginners to start at a lower level% and advance through the levels% as the# become more s!illed in robotics programming. Saving and loading pro4ects.

< SCOREB SE can be installed as part of Robocell% an interactive graphic software pac!age which provides simulation of the robot and other devices in the wor! cell. This manual describes all the features and operations for all E$perience levels of SCOREB SE. 5hen necessar#% illustrations show the differences in the levels% and descriptions note the availabilit# of options and commands. HOMING The robot and peripheral a$es location is monitored and controlled using encoders. To initiali6e the encoders and to obtain repeatable performance the a$es must first reach a predefined position !nown as hard home. ll record positions and movements refer to the hard home position. The homing procedure finds the hard home for the selected a$es. SCOREB SE offers two commands relating to the home position. Search home is the procedure for homing. /uring Search home% each a$is homed separatel#. The controller activates the currentl# homed motor a$is% until its micro switch is pressed. Then the controller initiali6es the a$is encoder counter and turns to home the ne$t a$is. fter all configured a$es are homed% the homing procedure ends. .o 7ome sends the selected a$es to a position where the encoders value is 6ero. Note: This command does not home the axes. The two commands are available in three levels. Search8 .o 7ome all )applies for all active a$es* Search8 .o 7ome robot )applies for the robot* Search8 .o 7ome peripherals )applies for a$es 9:;*.

SEARCH HOME ALL AXES To start the homing procedure% do one of the following. Select Run8 Search home- all a$es. Clic! the Search 7ome icon.

E window opens displa#ing the number of a$es currentl# being homed. Each time an a$is is successfull# homed% a chec!mar! appears ne$t to the a$is number. fter the five a$es and the gripper have homed% a chec! mar! appears ne$t to Robot. To abort homing while the procedure is still in progress% do one of the following. 'ress =&>? )Stop command* 'ress the red E@ER.EAC, button on the controller. 'ress the E@ER.EAC, !e# on the Teach 'endant. ll a$es command e$ecutes the robotBs homing procedure

2f the homing procedure fails% a message appears. The Search 7omeas well as that of an# peripheral devices that have been configured in the Options8 'eripheral Set "p menu. The command is available onl# when SCOREB SE is OnCine for the first time. 2f the s#stem has alread# been homed and #ou change SCOREB SE to Offline mode% there is no need to home the s#stem again when #ou return to On-Cine mode. 5hen SCOREB SE is in Off-Cine @ode% or when Robocell is installed% the homing procedure is not reDuired% all though it can be e$ecuted. The homing procedure initiali6es (oint and +,- values according to a software definition. software model. ll encoders are set to 6ero% while the robot Cartesian coordinates are set according to a

SEARCH HOME-Robot This command runs the homing procedure for the robot. 7oming of the peripherals is enabled onl# after the s#stem has been homed once. SEARCH HOME- Peri !er"#$ This command runs the homing procedure for the configured peripherals. 7oming of the robot is enabled onl# after the s#stem has been homed once.

4 INTRODUCING ROBOCELL Robocell is a software pac!age that integrates four components. SCOREB SE a full-featured robotics control software pac!age% which provides a user friendl# tool for robot programming and operation. .raphic displa# module that provides E/ simulation of the robot and other devices in a virtual wor!cell. Cell Setup% which allows a user to create a new virtual robotic wor!cell% or modif# an e$isting wor!cell. E/ Simulation Software /emo to demonstrate RobocellBs capabilities. This manual covers all features and operation of the .raphic displa# and Cell setup modules. 2t provides support for all current versions of Robocell. SCOREB SE menus and commands are described in the SCOREB SE "ser @anual. TEACH PENDANT

This Teach 'endant )T'* is an industrial Dualit# teach pendant which has been tailored for use in an educational environment. The Teach 'endant is a sophisticated portable terminal for operating and controlling the a$es connected to the controller. This Teach 'endant is eDuipped with an E@ER.EAC, STO' push button% an "TO8TE C7 selector switch% and a /E /@ A switch. The Teach pendent can be either hand held or mounted in a spherical fi$ture outside the robotBs wor!ing envelope.

H EXPT NO: DATE:

STAC%ING OF OB&ECT
AIM: To write a program in SCOREB SE software to perform stac!ing of the given wooden bloc!s using SCOREBOT ER-4u Robot in a reDuired pattern. MATERIALS RE'UIRED: F wooden bloc!s% SCOREBOT ER-4u Robot PRECAUTIONS: 0. Ensure no ob4ects interfere in the path of the Robot movement. <. Geep the surroundings of the robot clean. E. Switch the emergenc# stop button in case of an# abnormalit# in functioning of the robot. 4. The robot should be homed before and after the performing the operations on the robot. PROCEDURE FOR PROGRAMMING: 0. Switch on the controller unit and the computer connected with it. <. @a!e sure that the emergenc# stop switch is in the switched O&& position both on the controller unit as well as the Teach 'endant. E. Run the SCOREB SE program from the computer. 4. Chec! for an# error messages. H. @a!e sure that the robot is in the On-line mode and perform the 7oming operation if not done. F. Open a new pro4ect from the &ile menu of the software. 9. Control the movements of the robotic arm using the on screen buttons or using the teach pendant. ;. &i$ the loading position b# controlling the movements of the arm. >. Similarl# fi$ the unloading positions and the intermediate positions. 01. Record all the above positions

F 00. Aow write the program in the correct order connecting the pre defined positions using .O TO statement option available on the screen as per the reDuired seDuence of operations. 0<. 0E. 04. 0H. RESULT: The reDuired program for Stac!ing operation in the reDuired pattern was prepared and the operation c#cle was successfull# performed. REMAR%S(INFERENCE: 2ncorporate the .ripper O'EA and CCOSE statements wherever reDuired in the program. fter completing the program% R"A the program for a single c#cle or Step wise. 2f an# errors occur% we can re define the positions as well as the statements. fter e$ecuting the program% 7ome the robot

EXPT NO:

DATE: STUDY OF CNC MILLING MACHINE

AIM: To conduct a detailed stud# on CAC milling machine SPECIFICATIONS:

9 5or!ing table surface Travel + a$is Travel , a$is Travel - a$is Spindle to table Spindle to column Spindle taper Spindle taper for TC < Tee slots + a$is ball screw , a$is ball screw - a$is ball screw @a$ machine length @a$ machine width @achine height @achine weight EF1 + 0E1 mm 0>1 mm 001 mm 00H mm 0>1 mm 0<H mm 2SO E1 2SO E1 01 mm width H1 mm centers 0F mm /ia + H mm 'itch 0F mm /ia + H mm 'itch 0F mm /ia + H mm 'itch 0111 mm H9H mm FH1 mm 091 !g

DESCRIPTIONS: INTRODUCTION Aumerical control is the latest machine tools control s#stem% which has been developed out of the need for higher productivit#% lower cost and more precise manufacturing% can be considered as the most sophisticated form of automation for controlling machine tools% eDuipments and processes. 2n AC s#stem% operation instructions are inputted to the machine as numbers which are suitabl# coded for storing on tapes. These instructions are then automaticall# carried out in the machine tool in predetermined seDuence with pre set or self ad4usted speedI feed etc.% without human intervention. 2n the original AC s#stems the ph#sical components are hard wired i.e. the circuitr# and components can perform their respective functions onl# and are not fle$ible to adopt changes. 2n CAC s#stem the ph#sical components are software units. 2n software units the loaded program in computer ma!es the control unit operate to suite the need of machinist. P"rt$ o) CNC *"+!i,e

0. 'rogram of instructions The program of instructions often called part program is the detailed set of directions for producing a component b# the CAC machine. Each line of instruction is a mi$ture of alphabetic codes and numerical data. <. @achine controller This part% usuall# a computer software% controls the operations carr#ing out in a CAC machine. 2t co-ordinates operations b# converting the part program to reDuired input signals for the CAC machine. E. CAC machine CAC machine responds to the electrical signals from the controller. ccordingl# the machine e$ecutes various slide motions and spindle rotations to manufacture the part. Co,tro# $o)t-"re )e"ture$ 2ndustrial format programming through either /ESG TO' T"TOR or computer J5ERT, !e# board @/2 programming facilit# Simultaneous E a$es continuous path eliminating dwells between program bloc!s Circular and linear interpolation 'rogramming format choice available from 0 of two industrial !e#boards 2mperial or metric programming Subprogram with repeat facilit#8 program call Tool radius compensation Circular and poc!et milling% pec! drilling c#cles @anual and programmable machine stops% datum shift Tool length offset up to E< tools 'rogrammable dwell Optional au$iliar# input and output Output to printer or punch tape 'rogram verification via dr# run facilit#

> @irror imaging &ull . and @ code listing with conte$t Sensitive help Single bloc! or auto e$ecution comprehensive tool path .raphic including </ and E/ colour simulation% tool path plot and machining process simulation with tool simulation. -oomed or sectioned views with rotation /irector# listing 'rogram merging facilit# Bloc! s!ip 8 search facilit# &ull edit mode allowing alters% delete% insert. 'rograms stored on flopp# and hard drive. Edit memor# F4G. Control can be integrated into local area networ!s allowing access to shared8group program data Control te$t can be loaded into world processor for translation into different languages utomatic error chec!ing with messages C#cle start% feed hold Continuous and incremental 4og modes with variable feed rates Screen access displa# gives absolute or distance to .o values 'rogrammable spindle speeds 1-4111 rpm Spindle speed override H1-0<1K 'rogrammable feed rate 1-0H111 mm8min. )1-0111 mm8min. on - a$is* &eed rate override 1-0H1K

O er"tio, o) XL MILL
Co,tro# Me,u

01

2n the machine control mode% b# pressing &>% the following menu appearsI use cursor "'8/O5A to select. COATROC E$ecute CAC Edit offsets Coad tool offsets Save tool offsets

E.e+ute CNC Stars e$ecution of a CAC program E/it o))$et$ 'ermits the listing of current tool offsets and allow #ou to edit them. Lo"/ too# o))$et$ Coads a new set of offsets from dis! S"0e too# o))$et$ Saves current offsets to dis! D"tu* o) A.e$ /atum a$is as follows 'ress home button on the operations panel 'ress LM+B button on the operations panel and wait for longitudinal slide to come to a stand still 'ress LM,B button on the operations panel and wait for cross slide to come to rest 'ress LM-B button on the operations panel and wait for spindle head to come rest. 'ress (O. button on the operational panel Ensure +%,%- values read 6ero 'ressing the M+% -+% M-% -- !e#s and TR3RS !e# simultaneousl# will move the slides at rapid traverse speed

00 The machine is now read# to use

O er"tio, %e1$ RESET C'7 8 A"@ER2C C ' / Reset an# alarm messages. Reset program to start in edit mode 2nputs character e$pected b# controller when inputting a program. @ulti character !e#s toggle C"RSOR ' .E between characters shown @oves cursor through program element b# element in defined direction. @oves cursor through program page b# page in defined direction. Se#e+tio, %e1$ E"+! H"0i,2 Se0er"# P"2e$ "T2CS 'R. @EA" O&&SET 'OS .R '7 2A'"T O"T'"T Toggles between directives Selects mode% simulate onl#% edit onl#% or edit and simulate Toggles between @./.2 and tool setting Selects simulate% edit and @./.2 utomaticall# loads remote device lin! menu. This menu allows the user to send or receive from e$ternal peripherals. E/iti,2 %e1$ CTER 2ASERT /ECETE 8IN E.O.B. C ACEC O er"tio, Se#e+t "TO E/2T S2A.CE BCOCG BCOC7 SG2' 7O@E (O. Select to run program Select to edit program llows single step e$ecution of program Select in edit mode to ignore bloc! when running program -eros machine around its own reference point @oves a$es around at feeds as set on override. 5hen manual mode moves a$es at 1.10% 1%0% 0 increments and continuous feed. lters address 2nserts address. lso used to initiali6e new programs /elete addresses. Characters shown are toggled EOB operated when editing Cancels all address. ) before insert is e$ecuted *

E.e+utio,

0< C,CCE ST RT C,CCE STO' Starts program Stops program

A.i$( Dire+tio, 'ress either (O. or @'. to operate -+ M+ -, M, -MTR3RS @ovement in O+ direction @ovement in M+ direction @ovement in O, direction @ovement in M, direction @ovement in O- direction @ovement in M- direction Rapid traverse )toggle switch*

S i,/#e C5 STO' CC5 Coo#",t CCAT OA CCAT O&& Coolant on Coolant off spindle movement cloc!wise Spindle stop spindle movement counter cloc!wise

Re$u#t
detailed stud# of CAC @illing @achine is done.

0E

EXERCISE 3

04

AIM To write a manual part program for machining the component shown in figure and machine the model using CAC milling machine. APPARATUS RE'UIRED CAC milling machine% slot cutter MATERIALS RE'UIRED Cast iron wor! piece PROCEDURE t first write the manual part programming reDuired for the CAC operation. 2nput it to the control software. &it the wor! piece to the wise of the CAC machine. E$ecute the program inputted. The manual part program is as given belowP '0 +<H ,01 '< +FH ,01 'E +;1 ,<H '4 +;1 ,FH 'H +FH ,;1 'F +<H ,;1

0H '9 +<H ,FH '; +01 ,FH '> +01 ,<H '01 +E0 ,4H '00 +H> ,4H .<0 .>4 .>0 .<; -1 .<; +1 ,1 @1F T10 10 @1E S0H11 .>1 .11 +<H ,01 -F @>; '4<<<< .>1 .11 -H .>0 .<; +1 ,1 @1H @E1 O <<<< .>1 .11 +<H ,01 .>0 .10 -9 &H1 .>1 .10 +FH ,01 &011 .1E +;1 ,<H R0H .10 +;1 ,FH .1< +FH ,;1 R0H .10 +<H ,;1 .10 +<H ,FH .10 +01 ,FH .10 +01 ,<H .10 +<H ,01 .>0 .11 -9 .>1 .11 +E0 ,4H .>0 .10 -9 &H1 .>1 .1E +E0 ,4H 204 (1 .>0 .11 -F @>>

0F

RESULT The given metal bloc! is cut to reDuired shape and dimension. program for the reDuired process is obtained. REMAR%S(INFERENCE lso the manual part

EXERCISE 4

09

AIM To write a manual part program for machining the component shown in figure and machine the model using CAC milling machine. APPARATUS RE'UIRED CAC milling machine% slot cutter MATERIALS RE'UIRED Cast iron wor! piece PROCEDURE t first write the manual part programming reDuired for the CAC operation. 2nput it to the control software. &it the wor! piece to the wise of the CAC machine. E$ecute the program inputted. The manual part program is as given below .<0 .>4 .>0 .<; -1 .<; +1 ,1

0; @1F T10 10 @1E S0H11 .>1 .11 +H ,4H -H @>; 'HHHH @91 @>; 'HHHH @;1 @90 @>; 'HHHH @;0 @91 @90 @>; 'HHHH @;1 @;0 @>0 .<; +1 ,1 -1 @1H @E1 O HHHH .>1 .11 +H ,4H .10 +H ,H &011 .10 +4H ,H .1< +H ,4H RH1 .1< +4H ,H RH1 .11 -H .11 +1 ,1 @>>

RESULT The given metal bloc! is cut to reDuired shape and dimension. program for the reDuired process is obtained. lso the manual part

0>

REMAR%S(INFERENCE

EXPT NO:

DATE: STUDY AND EXPERIMENT ON PLC

AIM

<1 To conduct a detailed stud# and e$periment on 'CC DESCRIPTION LSM CONTROLLER PAC%AGE CS@ controller 'ac!age is a @ultidisciplinar#% Open and "ser-friendl# @echatronics Training 'ac!age. This 'ac!age includes 'rogrammable Cogic Controllers and 'rogrammable @otion Controller% and 2nterfacing with various 2nput : Output devices and accessories. 2t has two 'CCs namel# CS@ Controller 'ac!age 'CC and BB8Siemens 'CC. Both 'CCs are interfaced to 2nput /evices )2nductive 'ro$imit# Sensors% Capacitive 'ro$imit# Sensors% Optical Sensors @echanical Switches* and Output devices ) C @otor and Solenoids*. Control+ is the 5indows based software for CS@ Controller 'CC and C101-'S110 E.0 for BB 'CC. 'rogramming in Control+ is 2nstruction based 'rogramming and Cadder8Electrical8&B/ programming is available in C101-'S110 E.0. '@C can control 'osition% 3elocit# and acceleration of /C Servo motors. 2t can control four /C Servo motors coupled to 'osition Table and Rotar# Table. Control+ is the Control software for '@C. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER 5PLC6 n apt definition of a 'rogrammable Cogic Controller )'CC* is that it is a L/igital electronic deviceB that uses a programmable memor# to store instructions and to implement specific functions such as logic% seDuence% timing% counting% Comparison% /ata @oving and arithmetic to control machines and processes. ccessories namel# CSB% Conve#or% +-, rchitecture% .eneral 'urpose

<0
LIMIT SWITCHES, INDUCTIVE SENSORS

LSMCP PLC HOST PC

INPUT DEVICE

CAPACITIVE SENSOR OPTICAL SENSOR

ABB PLC

OUTPUT DEVICES

5/2 SOL-SOL VALVE 5/2 SOL-SPRING VALVE AC MOTOR

PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER

'CCs are generall# classified b# si6e. The small si6ed s#stem has a limited number 2nputs and Outputs. s a general rule the small 'CCs have less than 011 2nputs and Outputs. 5ith appro$imatel# <1 2nputs and 0< Outputs mounted locall# with processor. dditional 2nputs and Outputs can be added to accommodate the remaining 2nputs and Outputs. @edium si6ed 'CCs have 4111 to ;111 2nputs and Outputs. The# all support wide variet# of specialt# modules such as SC22 communication modules. Basic programming modules% 0F bit multiple$ing modules% nalog input and output modules that allow interfaces to both analog 3oltages and Current. Carge si6ed OCCs were ver# popular since 0>;1 before networ! was perfected. The concept of large si6e 'CC was to provide enough user memor#% 2nputs and Outputs to control complete factor#% problems occurred when minor problem occurs in the s#stem brought the complete factor# to halt. The advent of C A brought about the concept !nown as distributive control% where small and medium si6ed 'CCs are connected together through the networ!. 2n this wa# entire factor# is brought under the control of a number of 'CCs but failure of one s#stem doesnBt affect an# other s#stem. S e+i)i+"tio, o) LSMCP PLC Operating 3oltageP <4 3/C 2nputsP 0F Opto-2solated digital inputs OutputsP ; Rela#ed digital inputs

<< 'rogrammingP Statement82nstruction S e+i)i+"tio, o) ABB(SIEMENS PLC Operating 3oltageP <4 3/C 2nputsP 01 Opto-2solated digital inputs% < 2nputs can be used as a nalog or /igital OutputsP ; Rela#ed digital inputs 'rogrammingP Cadder8Electrical8&unctional Bloc! /iagram LSM CONTROLLER PAC%AGE PLC COMMANDS Out ut +o**",/: To turn QOAR or QO&&R the Output of CS@ Controller 'ac!age 'CC command isP $et7out ut Output ddress% Status of the Output For e."* #e: To turn QOAR output number 0 of CS@ Controller 'ac!age 'CC command isP $et7out ut 383 To turn QO&&R output number 0 of CS@ Controller 'ac!age 'CC command isP $et7out ut 389 I, ut +o**",/: To read the status of 2nput of the CS@ Controller 'ac!age 'CC command isP Get7i, ut)2nput Aumber* S Status of the 2nput

EXAMPLE PROGRAM: 2f 2nput Aumber Q0R is in QOAR State% then Output Aumber Q0R has to be turned QOAR for E seconds. fter E seconds it has to be turned QO&&R. Pro2r"*: 2f 2et7i, ut536:3 then SetToutput 0%0 Qif input Ao.0 is QOAR QOutput Ao.0 will be switched QOAR

<E /ela#)E111* SetToutput 0%1 End if Q/ela# E111 milliseconds or E secondsR QOutput Ao.0 will be switched QO&&R QEnd of if conditionR

EXERCISE 3
J* 5rite a program to control an operation. &or iS0 to 01 SetToutput 0%0 /ela#)E111* SetToutput 0%1 /ela#)E111* SetToutput <%0 /ela#)E111* SetToutput <%1 Ae$t C s#nchronous motor cloc!wise and anti-

cloc!wise in manual mode. 2n programming perform time dela# and loop

<4

EXERCISE 4
J* 5rite a program to control Single cting Spring Return C#linder and /ouble

cting C#linder in manual mode. Speeds of pistons of both c#linders are ad4ustable. 2n 'rogramming perform time dela# and loop operation. &or 0S0 to 01 SetToutput E%0 SetToutput 4%0 /ela#)E111* SetToutput E%1 SetToutput 4%1 SetToutput H%0 /ela#)E111* SetToutput H%1 Ae$t

<H

RESULT: detailed stud# of 'CC is done and two e$ample programs have been carried out.

REMAR%S(INFERENCE:

E. t No;

D"te:

STUDY < EXPERIMENT ON =ISION INSPECTION SYSTEM

AIM To stud# R '2/-2 3ision 2nspection S#stem% find the 'itch Circle /iameter% Thread parameters li!e @a4or diameter% @inor /iameter% Effective /iameter% 'itch% ngle and tracing out the comple$ features. THEORY Rapid-28Rapid@easure basicall# wor!s on the principle of pic!ing coordinate points on component features )b# the user*% and building higher level geometric features from these points. 2t is therefore essential to pic! the most accurate points% at the highest resolutions possible% to achieve the most repeatable and accurate measurements. Once accurate points are ta!en% there is a reDuirement to smartl# generate geometric features that allow not onl# precise measurements% but also automated procedures for the same. The conceptual framewor! of Rapid@easure entails selecting points for a set of basic

<F geometric entities O 'oint% Cine% circle and arc% and the calculation of descriptive parameters of these entities. PRECAUTION 0. The instrument is rated for <<1-<413 !ind of power suppl#. <. 7andle the instrument onl# with the steel rod-handles provided. E. The machine should alwa#s be handled in an upright position. Coc! the + and , a$es during movement of the instrument. 4. n uninterrupted power suppl# is highl# recommended for safe operations of the computer. H. The instrument is rated to wor! reliabl# in the temperature range of 0F O 41C. void e$posing to e$treme temperatures and dust. F. /o not touch the ob4ective lens or the <+ lens. n# fingerprints or dust can be permanent% and ma# compromise the Dualit# of the lens permanentl#. 9. Be gentle when wor!ing with the wor!stage8optical assembl# movements. 'lace heav# ob4ects on the glass in a gentle manner to avoid scratches8brea!age. ;. Ta!e care to pull8push the rapid-movement levers for the +,- a$es to its ma$imum before moving the wor!stage8assembl#. >. 'rotect the whole unit from shoc!s and vibrations. C% H1 76. /o not plug in to an# other

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP PARTS DETAIL: 0. +-, wor!stageP Top plate si6e E9H $ E01 mm% measuring travel <11 $ 011 mm on + : , a$es% table top glass si6e <H1 $ 091 mm. 5or!stage can be moved manuall# using !nurled !nobs. 2f motori6ed version is opted% stage can be operated with the 4o#stic!.

<9 <. (o#stic! control consoleP Right side lever controls + : , a$es movement. a$is is controlled b# the lever on left side. &ine movement buttons for +% ,% : - a$es are provided. Speeds can be ad4usted from the push button control in the centre. Other small !nob in the centre provides 6oom in and 6oom out function. E. Electronics interface unitP This is fi$ed behind the column and houses all embedded control cards. 'ower is connected to the machine from the left side of this unit where on O off switch is also provided. This unit need not be opened b# the user. 4. Computer s#stemP /edicated monitor and 'C is provided with basic machine together with suitable video cables. "nder no circumstances should the 'C and monitor be removed8changed or used for an# other purpose. Software provided for geometrical function measurement is loaded to computer and the details are outlined in following chapters. PROCEDURE

0. Switch on the machine and the Rapid-2 software. &rom the image menu% choose video source. 2n the new window% clic! the auto mode for e$posure% and clic! OG. <. 'lace the part to be inspected on the wor! stage glass. E. "se the lighting controls in the software to illuminate the component. 4. @ove the stage with the coarse8fine ad4ustment !nobs )or with the 4o#stic!* to bring the component under camera. The part will now be visible in the video region of the software. H. @ove the 6-a$is assembl# with the !nobs )or 4o#stic!* to focus the component. F. d4ust the magnification to desired setting )larger magnifications are recommended for accurate measurements*. 9. Select the appropriate cross-hair t#pe% add a geometric entit# )point8line8circle8arc* and choose points. The values are automaticall# calculated.

<; ;. Clic! on the @easure icon in the right side of the screen to enable measurements mode% and choose the entities between which to obtain measurements. The answers are displa#ed on screen.

"6 Pro+e/ure to )i,/ Pit+! Cir+#e Di"*eter:0. .enerate all the circles that are part of the 'C/. <. Choose 'C/ from the toolbar in the tool control panel. The tool control panel will then arcs. E. Clic! on new to create a new 'C/ measurement8entit#. 4. Choose the circles #ou would li!e to add to the 'C/ tool. Once #ou choose a circle % it is immediatel# drawn in the 'C/.raph. ,ou have to select at least three circles for the 'C/ to be generated. H. ,ou can add as man# circles as #ou li!e. F. The offset of each circle from the 'C/ is also calculated automaticall#. Simpl# choose the circle whose offset #ou want to calculate from the 'C/ members list. 9. ne$t% #ou can calculate the angle subtended at the centre of the 'C/ b# an# two member circles. Choose the first circle from the member list0 and circle< from memberlist<. the angle is calculated in EF1 mode. displa# a small 'C/ .raph and a listing of all available circles and

b6 Pro+e/ure to )i,/ t!e )o##o-i,2 "r"*eter$ )or " t!re"/:0. @a4or diameter O the outer diameter of the actual thread. This will correspond to the diameter of the smallest c#linder through which the thread can go through. <. @inor /iameter O the inner diameter of thread. The diameter at which the thread depth ends. E. Effective /iameter. 4. 'itch O The distance the thread will move with one full revolution. H. ngle O The angle of the threading.

<>

i6 T!e ro+e/ure to *e"$ure t!e *">or ",/ *i,or /i"*eter$ o) " t!re"/:0. Choose the Thread tool from the @easurements menu or b# clic!ing in the Toolbar in the Tool Control 'anel. <. Clic! on @a4or8@inor dia. E. Clic! on Aew. 4. The Thread.raph displa#s < threads and 4 hori6ontal lines. The 4 lines denote the traces of ma4or and minor diameters. Choose points for the appropriate line. 5hat #ou need to do is ta!e points on the thread for each of these lines. This is pictoriall# denoted b# the Thread.raph. Essentiall#% #ou ta!e points at the edge of the threads for doing the measurements. H. The top edge of the ma4or diameter is chosen b# default. 2f #ou would li!e to do some other stet of points% move the mouse in the Thread.raph% which results in the highlighting of the closest line% and clic! to choose that. F. Once #ou have ta!en points )a minimum of two threads should be done*% right clic! to shift the focus to the ne$t set of points )or repeat step H*. 9. fter ta!ing atleast < points for all the four lines )< for the ma4or diameter and < for the minor*% clic! on .et Result to finish. ii6 T!e ro+e/ure )or +"#+u#"ti,2 t!e e))e+ti0e /i"*eter8 it+! ",/ ",2#e:0. fter choosing the thread tool % clic! on Effective /ia8'itch8 ngle.

<. Clic! on Aew. E. Thread.raph now displa#s < threads )ie% ; line segments*. ,ou need to ta!e points for each of these ; line segments. 4. The leftmost line segment is selected b# default. 2f #ou would li!e to start at an# other edge% #ou can move the mouse over the Thread.raph% which will result in the closest line to be highlighted in Red. Clic!ing the mouse will select the line )5hich will now be drawn in #ellow*. H. ,ou can use an# cross-hair mode% including all t#pes of frame grab to choose points for each of the lines. F. Once points for a particular line-segment is done% right-clic! the mouse button in the video window to choose the ne$t contiguous line-segment. Else repeat Step 4 to choose desired line segment.

E1 9. Repeat Step H until all ; line-segments are complete. ;. Clic! on .et Result to obtain the parameter values. +6 T!e ro+e/ure )or F"$tr"+e:0. &rom the .raphics menu% choose &asTrace. <. Clic! at the starting point )if #ou would li!e to start from a !nown point% choose that point from the @easure.raph*. E. s #ou move the mouse% a line segment is drawn from the start point to the current mouse position. @ove the mouse to the appropriate end-point. 4. 2f #ou would li!e to have a line segment from the start point to the end-point% simpl# clic! the left mouse button. H. 2f an arc is desired% clic! the right mouse button. button to finali6e. F. Aow% a new line-segment will be observed from the end-point of the previous line-segment8arc. ,ou can continue tracing the component li!e this. 9. Once #ou are at the final line-segment8arc% middle-clic! to select the last point of the tracing tool. s #ou move the mouse% an arc is drawn. @ove the mouse until the best-fit arc is drawn% and clic! the left

PRESENTATION OF RESULT

The results obtained from Rapid-2 visual inspection s#stem are 0. 'itch Circle /iameter <. 'arameters for a Thread a* @a4or /iameter b* @inor /iameter c* Effective /iameter S S S S

E0 d* 'itch e* ngle S S

REMAR% ( INFERENCE