Cashew Value Chain

Cashew

Collection of Cashew nuts and Cashew apples

Cashew nut

Trader

Cashew apple

Drying of Cashew nut

Cashew apple Juice

Cashew nut Shells

Cashew nut Processing Units

Cashew Kernels Wholes, Splits, Bits Cashew Butter

Cashew apple candy

Cashew apple wine

Sugar coated cashew nuts

Roasted and salted cashew nuts

Cashew apple Pomase (Animal feed)

Cashew nut Shell Liquid

CSNL based Products (Resin, Cardenol)

Export Market

Domestic Market

TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

Commodity:
Level- I: Cashew nut Drying

Cashew nut

No. Features 1 End use:

Categorization Post harvest Treatment-Drying of cashew nut to storage/Processing moisture level

Raw cashew nut when picked from the orchards has high moisture content and required to be dried before processing and / or storage. Dried cashew nut fetches a correct price (higher price). 2 Integration Status: The product is a ready for marketing as raw material for Cashew nut processing factories. Dried raw nuts are also exported directly. Technology is simple and very well established. Cashew nut is harvested / picked during summer season when there is good sunshine, Sun drying is the normal practice. A Cement concrete drying yard is used for drying cashew nuts. About 20 Kg/m2 is spread with frequent turning of the nuts using garden poker or a shovel. Only equipment needed for sun drying of cashew nuts is a shovel and pokers for frequent turning of the nuts in the drying yard. Mechanical dryers can be used but the costs involved may not justify the use of mechanical dryers for cashew nuts. Low investment

Technology:

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Markets

The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. In Cambodia there is only one cashew nut processing unit of 4-tones/day capacity. Thus if nut production is more than 1000 tones per year it has to be exported till such time more processing units are established. There appear to be good demand from the neighboring countries.

TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

Commodity:

Cashew nut

Level I: Cashew nut processing unit - Primary Processing of Cashew nut No. Features 1 End use: Categorization Cashew Kernels

Cashew kernels are ready to eat products and can be used in almost food preparations. Cashew Kernels are also the basic raw material in the production of cashew nut butter. Further Value addition to the Kernels is possible by roasting and salting the nuts or sugar coating the nuts. Cashew kernels and other value added kernels can be packed under nitrogen / Carbon dioxide for enhancing the shelf life. Such nuts are usually priced higher. Cashew shells (Waste from the processing of cashew nut) is used for the manufacture of Cashew shell resin (CSNL) or used as fuel in the processing unit itself. 2 Integration Status: Technology: The product is a ready to market / use product and can also be an intermediate product in the manufacture of roasted, coated nuts and cashew butter. Technology is very well established and is available as part of the plant and machinery. However both technology production and plant machinery have to be imported. India can supply technology and plant and machinery for cashew nut processing as well as for CSNL and other down stream products. Apna Industries and Gayathri Enterprises are the few suppliers from India). Sri Lanka Cashew nut Development Board also provides technology and Machinery for processing cashew nut.

Equipment:

Equipment has to be imported from other countries such as India, Vietnam, Thailand, Italy and Sri Lanka. Italy can supply a continuous shelling machine for cashew nut. Indian Institute f Technology at Kharagpur, India has developed a Continuous shelling machine for cashew nut. Medium investment: US $ 50,000 to $ 100,000 depending upon the capacity and product mix. The product is for domestic market as well as for export. TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

5 6

Investment: Markets

Commodity:

Cashew nut

Level- II Value added products from Cashew kernels roasted ad coated cashew nuts No. Features 1 End use: Categorization Value added product from cashew kernel

Roasted and salted nuts as well as Sugar coated nuts are mainly used as tea time snack Integration The product is a ready to market. Status: Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The equipment needed can be locally fabricated.

Equipment: Equipment required is roasting pan or rotating type roaster either electrical or gas fired, Coating Pans and salting pans and vacuum packing machine. The equipment can be locally fabricated or can be imported from neighboring countries.

5 6

Investment: Markets

Low investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery id in the range of $ 5000 - $15000 depending upon the capacity) The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported.

TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

Commodity:

Cashew nut

Level- II Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Juice, Cashew apple candy and jam. No. Features 1 End use: Categorization Value added product from cashew apple

Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew apple juice, jam and candy are therefore rich sources of vitamin C and can find ready market like other similar products. Integration The product is a ready to market. Status:

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Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India (CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5 minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes. Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also been successful. The process for Jam and candy is similar to that of other fruit jams and candies. A hand-operated, home-constructed fruit juice expeller developed in the Philippines is reportedly capable of processing 138 kg fruit per hour and yielded 109 liters juice/h. Approximately 30-40% of the fruit by weight remains after the juice is extracted. CFTRI Mysore, India; has developed a large-scale juice extractor for cashew apple. The equipment for Jam and candies can be locally fabricated. Low Medium investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 8000 - $50000 depending upon the capacity) The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported. The residue after juice extraction can be used as animal feed ingredient. TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

Markets

Commodity:

Cashew nut

Level- II Utilization of Cashew apple for the production of Cashew apple wine. No. Features 1 End use: Categorization Value added product from cashew apple

Cashew apple is rich in vitamin C (5-7 times more than that of oranges). Cashew apple wine is potable liquor. 2 Integration Status: The product is a ready to market.

Technology: Technology is very well established and is simple technology. The technology is available from Philippines, Brazil and from India (CFTRI). The astringent and acrid taste of cashew fruit has been traced to the tannin content and an unidentified oily substance. Two successful methods for removing bad flavors are to steam for 5 minutes at 0.4 kg/m3 plus subsequent cold water rinsing, and to cook the fruit in a 2% common salt solution for 3-4 minutes. Cooking in the salt solution results in a slight salty taste. a third method, tannin precipitation with gelatin added to juice has also been successful. Juice is fermented in a similar manner like Palm juice or grape juice. Fermented juice is filtered and bottled and is known as Cashew apple wine. Wine is further concentrated in Pot stills to produce Cashew apple brandy. Technology is available from CFTRI, Mysore, India. The Plant and machinery for the production of Cashew apple wine and brandy need to be imported from India, Brazil or the Philippines. Medium to High investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $100000 depending upon the capacity) The product is mainly for domestic market. The product can also be exported.

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Markets

TCP/CMB/2901 Cambodia Value chain

Commodity:

Cashew nut

Level- III Products from Cashew Nut Shell-CSNL, Resin, Dusting Powder and Cardenol No. Features 1 End use: Categorization Waste / By product (Cashew nut Shell) utilization and Value added product from cashew nut shell liquid

CNSL is used in the manufacture of brake linings, industrial belting and clutches, reinforcing synthetic rubber, for oil and acid resistance, in lacquers, in electrical insulation material, as a metal anti-corrosive material, for waterproofing and as an adhesive. The use of CNSL in varnishes, lacquers, paints and brake linings requires distillation and further refinement. Also, due to the requirement of large amounts of solvent it would be more economic to import synthetic resin into developing countries. CNSL exhibits potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and weak antifungal activity against molds. Traditionally it is to treat such scurvy, sores, warts, ringworm and psoriasis. It could be a source of new antimicrobial agents, especially for use in foods and cosmetics. 2 3 Integration Status: Technology: Technology is very well established and is available from Machinery suppliers. Apna Industries, Chennai is one such technology provider. Technology can also be got from National Research and Development Council (NRDC), New Delhi. 4 Equipment: Plant and Machinery is available from M/s Apna Industries, Chennai, India Medium High investment. (Investment in Plant and Machinery is in the range of $ 50000 - $150000 depending upon the capacity) The product is mainly for export market (USA and Europe) The product is a ready to market.

Investment:

Markets