Custody Transfer Temperature Measurement API MPMS Chapter 7 Temperature Measurement Standards Overview

Presented at 2012 API Asia Conference and Expo

March 6-8, 2012 Dr. William J. Schmidt, II Director Commercial Measurement & Loss Control ConocoPhillips Company

Agenda
API Committee on Measurement Quality (COMQ) Introduction To Temperature Measurement Custody Transfer Requirements Temperature Measurement Standards (API MPMS Chapter 7) Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers Summary Questions & Answers (Q&A)
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API Committee on Measurement Quality

API Committee on Measurement Quality

As a subcommittee of the Committee on Petroleum Measurement (COPM), COMQ develops, approves, and maintains standards pertaining to measurement quality of hydrocarbons, including: Temperature Determination, MPMS Chapter 7. Sampling, MPMS Chapter 8. Density Determination, MPMS Chapter 9. Sediment & Water Determination, MPMS Chapter 10. Physical Properties, MPMS Chapter 11. Truck Gathering, MPMS Chapter 18.

Joint committee with ASTM International through ASTM Committee D02 as D02.02. COMQ provides representation on the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee (TC) 28 - Subcommittee (SC) 6, Bulk Cargo Transfer, Accountability, Inspection and Reconciliation.
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Introduction To Temperature Measurement

Introduction to Temperature Measurement

Crude oil and petroleum products are typically sold based on fluid properties at Standard (Reference) Temperature and Pressure conditions. Temperature has the most significant effect on the accurate determination of liquid quantities when correcting to Standard Conditions (Volumetric Correction Factor). Therefore: The most accurate means for temperature measurement should be used for these custody transfer applications.

Introduction to Temperature Measurement

Contracts reference standards to be used in custody transfer, which specify temperature measurement equipment, location, and required accuracy. Regulatory agencies also reference the same standards for use in determining royalties, taxes, and regulatory compliance. Buyers and Sellers negotiate the appropriate standards to be used in the development of contracts for custody transfer.

Introduction to Temperature Measurement

Temperature measurement standards are written for:
Fluids under static conditions. Fluids under dynamic conditions.

Standards cover temperature measurement for:

Selection of equipment types and equipment usage. Volumetric custody temperature measurement. Calibration of volumetric measurement devices. Calibration of other temperature measurement devices. Use in quality analysis (QA).

Custody Transfer Requirements

Custody Transfer Requirements

Static liquid hydrocarbon temperature measurement
Static vessels:
Storage tanks, gathering tanks. Ships, tankers, and barges. Tank cars and rail cars Can provers.

Dynamic liquid hydrocarbon temperature measurement

Dynamic vessels:
Pipes. Pipe Provers.

Custody Transfer Requirements

Static and dynamic temperature measurement
Objective: find average temperature representative of bulk.
Manual method: Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers (MIGTs). Portable Electronic Thermometers (PETs). Automatic method: Fixed electronic sensors Automatic Tank Thermometer elements (ATTs)

Custody Transfer Requirements

Performance of temperature measurement (Accuracy) determined by a variety of standards:
Calculation standard (API MPMS Chapter 12). Density determination standards (API MPMS Chapter 9). Sediment and Water determination standards (API MPMS Chapter 10). Proving standards (API MPMS Chapter 5). Tank gauging standard (API MPMS Chapter 3). Tank calibration standard (API MPMS Chapter 2). Metering standards (API MPMS Chapter 5). Gathering standard (API MPMS Chapter 18).

Temperature Measurement Standards

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Temperature Measurement Standards

Currently, MPMS Chapter 7 contains all temperature measurement information organized as sections in one document.
Equipment and apparatus. Static Temperature Measurement. Dynamic Temperature Measurement. Calibration, Verification, and Inspection.

Ongoing effort to reorganize current document into stand-alone standards:

Section 1 Liquid-In-Glass Thermometers. Section 2 Portable Electronic Thermometers (PETs). Section 3 Fixed Automatic Tank Systems (PUBLISHED 9/2011). Section 4 Dynamic Temperature Measurement.
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Temperature Measurement Standards

Equipment and apparatus section. Fixed automatic tank thermometers. Portable electronic thermometers (PETs). Glass thermometers. Electronic temperature devices. Thermowells. Data Collection, transmission, receiving equipment.

Temperature Measurement Standards

ASTM Thermometers
Name ASTM tank ASTM tank ASTM tank ASTM tank ASTM tank Angle-stem Tank thermometerb ASTM Thermometer 58F-80 97F-80 59F-80 98F-80 60F-80 Range -30F to +120F 0F to 120F 0F to180F 60F to180F 170F to 500F Suitable range 20F to 220F Length (inches) 12 12 12 12 12 12a 12 Graduation 1F 1F 1F 1F 2F 1F 1F Accuracy 0.5F 0.5F 0.5F 0.5F 1.0F 1.0F 0.5F

Note: Except for the angle-stem thermometer, all thermometers listed in this table are the total-immersion type.

Portable Electronic Thermometer Specifications

Minimum Graduation 0.1F 0.1C Accuracy 0.2F 0.5F 0.1C 0.3C Range of Required Accuracy 0 200F > 200F 0 100C > 100C

Note 1: The specifications in this table represent minimum acceptable accuracy for portable electronic thermometers used for custody transfer. Thermometers with better accuracy are available and may be specified by mutual agreement. Note 2: PETs shall be provided with displays that provide a resolution of 0.1C or 0.1F or better.

Temperature Measurement Standards

Static temperature determination section. Ambient temperature. Timing of temperature measurement. Fixed automatic tank thermometers. Portable electronic thermometers. Mercury-in-glass thermometers.

Temperature Measurement Standards

Comparison of Recommended Immersion Times for PETs and Woodback Cup-Case Assemblies
-------------------------------------- Recommended Immersion Times (minutes) ---------------------------------------------Electronic Thermometer API Gravity At 60F In-Motion (see note 1) > 50 40 to 49 30 to 39 20 to 29 < 20 . 30 seconds 30 seconds 45 seconds 45 seconds 75 seconds ------------------------------ Woodback Cup-Case Assembly --------------------------------------When Temperature Differential <2.5C (< 5F) In-Motion 5 minutes 5 minutes 12 minutes 20 minutes 45 minutes Stationary 10 minutes 15 minutes 25 minutes 45 minutes 80 minutes In-Motion 5 minutes 5 minutes 12 minutes 20 minutes 35 minutes Stationary 10 minutes 15 minutes 20 minutes 35 minutes 60 minutes

Temperature Measurement Standards

Thermometer Assemblies and Temperature Levels for Tanks and Cargo Carriers
Tanks Fixed-roof Floating-roof Variable vapor space Typical Temperature Measurement Facilities Roof hatch Gauge hatch Gauge hatch Vertical thermowells Pressure lock Horizontal separable wells Thermometer Assemblies Stationary Tanks Cup-case Cup-case Cup-case Armored Cup-case Angle Stem See note See note See note See note See note Three for tank heights less than 10 meters (30 feet); four for tank heights greater than 10 meters (30 feet) See note See note Two, one at middle of tank and one 0.3 meter (1 foot), above bottom Middle of liquida Middle of liquida Measurement Levels

Horizontal-cylindrical Nonpressure Pressure

Gauge hatch Vertical thermowells Horizontal separable wells

Cup-case Armored Angle-stem

Tank Cars and Tank Trucks Nonpressure Pressure Dome hatch Vertical thermowells Cup-case Armored Ships and Barges Nonpressure Pressure Deck hatch Vertical thermowells Cup-case Armored See note Middle of liquida

Note: See Table 5 for the minimum number of measurement levels. a In special cases, it may be desirable to obtain temperatures at more than one level and calculate a weighted average temperature. See Table 5, Note 2, for the correct method of averaging multiple temperatures.

Temperature Measurement Standards

Dynamic temperature determination section. Temperature sensor placement. Temperature discrimination.

Calibration verification and Inspection section. Fixed automatic tank thermometers (ATTs). Portable electronic thermometers (PETs) Glass and Mercury-in-glass thermometer verification Dynamic verification and calibration.

Temperature Measurement Standards

Maximum Deviation Limits: Temperature Device Versus Reference Thermometer Service C F Meter Prover Calibration 0.05 0.1 Meter Proving 0.10 0.2

Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers

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Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers
World-wide movement to ban mercury in 2000s. Discussed as part of UN activities. Commitment by most countries to ban mercury within 2 years.
MIGT most commonly used temperature measurement device in Petrochemical Industry. NIST discontinued calibration of mercury devices as of November 2011.

Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers
Replacement technology: Static and dynamic fluid measurements
Portable Electronic Thermometers (PETs) Automatic Tank Thermometer elements (ATT)

Calibration devices ??? Under study by API MIGT replacement adhoc group (results in 2012). Revise standards to exclude MIGT devices.

Summary

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Summary
The most accurate means for temperature measurement should be used for these custody transfer applications. API MPMS Chapter 7 describes the equipment types, usage, calibration of the various temperature measurements made in custody transfer. Mercury-In-Glass Thermometers will be phased out of the petrochemical business; standards are being revised to reflect replacement technologies.

Questions ?

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