EES 512 – Electric Circuits – Fall 2009

Sections - 5, 6, 7, 8

Instructor: Dr. Karthi Umapathy

karthi@ee.ryerson.ca

EES 512, Fall 2009, KU 1

Previous Lecture

• Charge

• Current

• Voltage or Potential Difference

• Power and Energy

• Efficiency

• Resistance

• Conductance

• Ohm’s Law
Measuring Current (through R) and Voltage (across R)

V voltmeter reading
R = =
I ammeter reading
Power in a Resistance

External energy source  Provides  Work  Overcome Resistance

The work collision mechanism  other forms of energy (heat, light)

Resistors can be used for one of the following:

• To limit or control the current flow

• Energy conversions  heat or light or mechanical energy

• To connect electrical components

W W Q V
P= = = VI From Ohm’s law I =
t Q t R
Power in a Resistance

V2
P= or P=I R 2

R
Resistor dissipate heat energy due to collision mechanisms

Power rating

Max safe voltage across R

Vmax = Pmax R

Pmax
Max safe current across R I max =
R
Energy dissipated in any resistance or work done = W = P×t
W =V × I ×t J
Ex: Calculate power dissipated

a) V= 12 V , I = 100 mA, R = 120 ohms Ans = 1.2 W

b) V= 16.8 V, I = 30 mA, R= 560 ohms Ans = 0.504 W

c) V= 10 V, I = 5 mA, R = 2000 ohms Ans = 50 mW

Ex:

A 0.25 W, 10 K ohm resistor is available. Find the maximum safe voltage

And the current that can be applied to the resistor without damage

Pmax
Vmax = Pmax R I max = Ans = 50 V, 5 mA
R
Ex:

Find the energy used by a 50 ohm heater element operating from 120 V
source for 2 hr

V2
P= Ans =0.288 kW x 2 hr = 0.576 kWh
R

Ex:

Find the resistance of each of the following elements

a) When a 20 V source is applied to the element, it dissipates 0.25 W

Ans = 1600 ohms
b) The element dissipates 50 mW when the current flowing in it is 5 mA

Ans = 2000 ohms

 Graphical Characteristics of Resistors
Straight line
y=mx
When a resistor obeys ohm’s law
V = RI
it is called a linear resistor

1
I = GV = V
R
Graphical Characteristics of Resistors
1
I = GV = V
R
Non-linear elements
Do not obey
Ohm’s law I = kV + bn

At any specific operating point

V dV
static resistance = Rdc = dynamic resistance = rac = Slope of
tangent
I dI
Ex:
The I-V relationship show below for a particular value of R. Draw the I-V
Relationship for resistances

a) 3R
b) 0.5 R R

V1
R=
I1
I1

0 V1
V
Ans

V1
R=
I1

V1
I1 =
R

I1 V1
=
3 3R
V1
2 I1 =
0.5 × R
Practical Resistors
Color Coding of Resistors

BBROYGBVGW
 DC Circuits
Analysis techniques for simple circuits made up of resistors and
DC sources