1.)Cradles of Chinese civilization? -China developed along its river valleys.

One of the cradles was Banpo (Neolithic site) and was located along the H ang He !ive. "lso# He$ d # a river valley that was so th of the %angzi !iver delta. &hy did people settle in these places? -'eople settled here (eca se the river valleys provided agric lt re# and pop lation growth. "lso along the %angzi !iver# there were e)cellent river ports that went thro gh China*s $ost econo$iccally developed regions . &hy was China*s early civilization was relatively isolated fro$ other civilizations? -&estern China is $ade p of $o ntains and deserts that don*t provide $ ch land for agric lt re and the civilization in the east wasn*t s rro nded (y other civilizations. +ven tho gh there was a (road and fl id frontier zone on the western a$rgins. ,.) -escri(e the $ain (eliefs# val es# and practices of Conf cianis$. How does Conf cianis$ relate to Chinese society# politics# and econo$ics? Beliefs./al es.'ractices of Conf cianis$ -0 nzi(ideal $an) -$an of no(le character.s perior $orality. Benevolent.1ind -2iao-3ilal piety. honor thy father and $other# elderly are respected -!en-Charity# h $anity# love 4 5 stice -6i-propriety.rit al.right cond ct# people follow 6i for relationships to r n s$oothly -7hong-"ll relationships -He-Har$ony# social order -3ive Cardinal !elationships -3ather-8on -! ler-r led -H s(and-wife -Older (rother-yo nger (ro -Older friend-yo nger friend Chinese 8ociety.'olitics. +cono$ics 8ociety-Har$onio s# peacef l 'olitics+cono$ics9. &hat are the fo r $odernizations advocated (y -eng 2iaoping? &hy did China want to refor$ its econo$y? &hen did the econo$ic refor$ (egin? &hich regions have led China:s rapid econo$ic growth? -;ilitary -"gric lt re -8cience 4 <ech -=nd stry

5. &hat are the characteristics of a socialist econo$y? &hy did it (eco$e inefficient nder socialis$? It is not guided by profit, no incentive to improve, lack of research and development. After the Great Leap Forward ( !"#$ !% & and the ousting of the Gang of Four from power, 'hairman (eng )iaoping was willing to consider market*based methods of economic growth so as to revitali+e 'hina,s economy and find an economic system compatible with 'hina,s specific conditions. -owever, in doing so, he remained committed to the centrali+ed control and the one*party state central to Leninism. .he fundamental distinction between the 'hinese and /estern mi0ed*market economy models lies less in the implementation of the mi0ed economic model but rather in the degree of state*ownership and underlying authoritarian political philosophy, which eschews /estern notions of democracy, individual rights, and the rule of law. /hat are the characteristics of a $i)ed political and econo$ic syste$? ;i)ed econo$y is an econo$ic syste$ in which (oth the state and private sector direct the econo$y>d (io s ? disc ss@# reflecting characteristics of (oth $ar1et econo$ies and planned econo$ies.>1@ ;ost $i)ed econo$ies can (e descri(ed as $ar1et econo$ies with strong reg latory oversight# and $any $i)ed econo$ies feat re a variety of govern$ent-r n enterprises and govern$ental provision of p (lic goods. A. &hat has happened to China:s econo$y since the econo$ic refor$ started? =t too1 off and (eca$e Bnd largest in world# rise in $iddle class# growth in trade. &hat pro(le$s and nanticipated conseC ences are ca sed (y the econo$ic refor$ and a $i)ed syste$? +nviron$ental destr ction# dirty air.water.soil# low wages to $aintain ( siness $odel and profits# creates large gap (etween wealthy and poor# slight increase in wages that a$o nt of cheap la(or is shrin1ing# to co$pensate theres e)pansion into /ietna$ and other neigh(oring cities# corr ption.e$(ezzle$ent# citizens are now allowed to invest $oney over seas rather than in real estate which ca sed the pheno$ena of ghost cities. D. Can yo na$e three characteristics of today:s Chinese leadership? Better ed cated# yo nger &ho does today:s CC' represent? 6a(orers originally# now incorporating the rich and entreprene rs.athletes.cele(rities.ethnic $inorities. &hy do yo thin1 the CC' has (een eager to recr it intellect als# scientists# and entreprene rs into its own ran1s? <hey are the pillars of the chinese econo$y &hat challenges face the CC' today? =nternational relations are not as healthy as (efore# wor1ing to convince that theyre not on a violent rise or to (eco$e a glo(al power. E. "ccording to "rticle BF# what have (een the fo r pillars of the G8 strategy toward China to date? &hat are the new G8 strategies proposed (y -avid 8ha$(a gh? -o yo agree or disagree with his new strategies? &hy or why not? <he first is "$erica:s foc s on the shaping of China:s internal govern$ent. Hrefor$ and openingI was the policy e$(raced (y 0i$$y Carter ad$inistration. =t was intended to ( ild a wide range of ed cational# research# scientific# and nongovern$ental e)changes. 3 nding also provided for large n $(ers of Chinese st dents and researchers to go a(road for

training. <his was so st dents wo ld e)perience de$ocracies and also li(eral val es and hopef lly (ring the$ (ac1 into china. <he second pillar was Hengage$entI. <his ter$ entered the "$erican diplo$atic le)icon d ring Bill Clinton:s 'residency# tho gh it grew o t of a strategy nderta1en (y carter and !eagan ad$inistrations. <he idea was si$pleJ <he G8 govern$ent had to engage the Chinese govern$ent across the (oard in order to advance "$erica:s national interest and policy goals# to ( ild instit tionalized cooperation# and to restr ct re frictions in the relationship when they arose. <he Carter-!eagan strategy ai$ed to instit tionalize the (ilateral relationship (y partnering co nterpart $inistries with each other and inf sing the$ with positive# cooperative $issions to replace negative or hostile $issions p rs ed (y the ( rea cracies d ring the cold war years of separation. <he third pillar of "$erican strategy relates to the e)ternal $anifestations of chinas rise in world affairs and the ncertanties of (e5ings strategic intentions. <his was to give China a HseatI in all glo(al and regional instit tions. 8econd they need to (eco$e a H$e$(erI# china wo ld hopef lly a(sor( and (egin to practice the operating nor$s and principles of the postwar international li(eral order. <hird# over ti$e# it was e)pected that china wo ld (egin not only to o(ey the r les of the glo(al li(eral order# ( t also to $a1e greater contri( tions to glo(al governance. <he fo rth pillar was esta(lished (y Keorge &. B sh ad$inistration# tho gh it had (ac1gro nd in the !eagan ad$inistration. <his is the policy of Hstrategic HedgingI# so$eti$es referred to as the H"sia-3irstI China policy. <he idea was to strengthen a$erica:s relations with allies and partners in asia and th s to deal with (e5ing fro$ a postion of consolidated diplo$atic and $ilitary strength. New strategy- stop treating china as an o(5ect and start treating the$ as a partner. 8top loo1ing at the$ as a threat. &or1 towards the$ (eing a gen ine partner and consider how China co ld shape the G8 in the f t re. -avid 8ha$(a gh