Aggregate AVG BINARY_CHECKSUM CHECKSUM CHECKSUM CHECKSUM_AVG COUNT COUNT_BIG MAX MIN SUM STDEV STDEVP VAR VARP

Date

Mathematical
ABS AVOS ASIN ATAN ATN2 CEILING COS COT DEGREES EXP FLOOR LOG LOG10 PI POWER RADIANS RAND

Cursor

GETDATE () GETUTCDATE () DAY (date) YEAR (date) DATEADD (datepart, number,date) DATEDIFF DATENAME DATEPART (datepart, start, end) DATENAME (datepart, date) DATEPART (datepart, date)

SELECT [DISTINCT] [{TOP int | TOP int PERCENT}] colomns [INTO new_table] FROM table_source [[INNER | {{ LEFT | RIGHT | FULL }[OUTER ]}] JOIN table_source2 ON table_source.primairy_key = table_source2.foreign_key][,...n] [WHERE search_condition] [GROUP BY group_by_expression] [HAVING search_condition] [ORDER BY order_expression [ASC | DESC]]

Object Operation
Stored Procedure CREATE PROCEDURE <name> AS <sql_statement> Views CREATE VIEW <name [(<Column1>,...)] AS <SELECT_statement> Triggers CREATE TRIGGER <name> ON <table> FOR INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE AS <sql_statement>

@@CURSOR_ROWS @@FETCH STATUS CURSOR_STATUS

Datepart
Year -> yy, yyyy Quater -> qq, q Month -> mm, m Day of Year -> dy, y Day -> dd,d Week -> wk, ww Hour -> hh Minute -> mi, n Second -> ss,ss Drop Constraint ALTER TABLE <tablename> DROP CONSTRAINT <constraintName>

String
ASCII CHAR CHARINDEX DIFFERENCE LEFT LEN LOWER LTRIM NCHAR PATINDEX

Funtions
CREATE FUNTION RETURNS <date_type> AS BEGIN <sql_statement> RETURN <sql_expression> END Exact Numerics bigint bit int tinyint decimal

Constraints

Data Types

Primary Key
ALTER TABLE <tablename> ADD CONSTRAINT <constraintName> PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED (coloumn_list) ntext

numeric smallint money smallmoney Approx Numerics float real nvarchar ntext

Date & Time datetime smalldatetime Strings char varchar varchar (max) text

Default Key
ALTER TABLE <tablename> ADD CONSTRAINT <constraintName> DEFAULT () FOR (ColumnName)

Binary Settings
binary varbinary varbinary image

Shortcuts

Miscellaneous
Cursor sql_variant table timestamp xml cursor

Foreign Key
ALTER TABLE <tablename> ADD ADD CONSTRAINT <constraintName> FOREIGN KEY REFERENCES <table2> (<table2col2>)

SSMS 2005 -> sqlwb Execute Query -> F5 Object browser -> F8 Result Pane -> CTRL +R Full Scree -> Shift + Alt + Enter

Unicode Strings
nchar nvarchar (max)

T-SQL Statements
UPDATE Statement UPDATE table_name SET column_name = {expression | DEFAULT | NULL } [,...n] [WHERE <search_condition>] DELETE Statement DELETE [FROM] table_name [WHERE <search_condition>] INSERT Statement INSERT [INTO] table_name [(column_list)] VALUES ({ DEFAULT | NULL | expression }[,...n])

CAST (expression AS datatype) CONVERT (datatype, expression)

Type Conversion

SHELL

Funtions

REPLACE QUOTENAME REPLICATE REVERSE RIGHT RTRIM SOUNDEX SPACE STR STUFF SUBSTRING UNICODE UPPER

SIGN SIN SQUARE SQRT TAN

SELECT Statement

QUICK REFERENCE
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DDL
structures in the database. These commands are not targeted at changing CREATE ALTER DROP Create a new object n the database. Remove an object from the database.

ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CustID IDENTITY(200, 2) ALTER TABLE Employee DROP COLUMN bday ALTER TABLE MyCustomers ALTER COLUMN CompanyName DROP DEFAULT DROP TABLE names_cpy SELECT is different than other DML statements in that it does not actually

dbm_monitor

Granted: VIEW most recent status in Database Mirroring Monitor Important: The dbm_monitor xed database role is created in the msdb database when the rst database is registered in Database Mirroring Monitor. system administrator assigns users to the role. Granted: VIEW ANY DATABASE

DML
SELECT INSERT UPDATE DELETE TRUNCATE BULK INSERT Query data in the database.

db_denydatareader db_denydatawriter db_securityadmin

Denied: SELECT Denied: DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE ROLE, CREATE SCHEMA, VIEW DEFINITION Granted: VIEW ANY DATABASE Granted: ALTER ANY ASSEMBLY, ALTER ANY ASYMMETRIC KEY, ALTER ANY CERTIFICATE, ALTER ANY CONTRACT, ALTER ANY DATABASE DDL TRIGGER, ALTER ANY DATABASE EVENT, NOTIFICATION, ALTER ANY DATASPACE, ALTER ANY FULL TEXT CATALOG, ALTER ANY MESSAGE TYPE, ALTER ANY REMOTE SERVICE BINDING, ALTER ANY ROUTE, ALTER ANY SCHEMA, ALTER ANY SERVICE, ALTER ANY SYMMETRIC KEY, CHECKPOINT, CREATE AGGREGATE, CREATE DEFAULT, CREATE FUNCTION, CREATE PROCEDURE, CREATE QUEUE, CREATE RULE, CREATE SYNONYM, CREATE TABLE, CREATE TYPE, CREATE VIEW, CREATE XML SCHEMA COLLECTION, REFERENCES Denied: SELECT Denied: DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE Granted: ALTER ANY APPLICATION ROLE, ALTER ANY ROLE, CREATE SCHEMA, VIEW DEFINITION Granted: VIEW ANY DATABASE

commands to carry out DML using data retrieved from elsewhere in the database. Following is the basic query-only syntax. SELECT col1, col2, colx | * FROM table_name [WHERE colx = expr] [ORDER BY colx];

Removes all rows from a table or view. Inserts rows from a data le into a table or view.

DCL

SELECT fname, lname FROM staff WHERE phone IS NOT NULL ORDER BY lname; INSERT INTO staff (fname, lname, ssn) VALUES (Chris, Plum, 318675309); INSERT INTO staff SELECT * FROM new_hires; DELETE FROM staff WHERE lname = Smith; TRUNCATE TABLE Customers; BULK INSERT AdventureWorks.Sales.SalesOrderDetail FROM f:\orders\lineitem.tbl WITH (FIELDTERMINATOR = \t, ROWTERMINATOR = \n);

db_ddladmin

Data Control Language: Allows us to control which users have privileges to GRANT REVOKE DENY Give a role or privilege to a user. Take a role or privilege away from a user. Denies a specied permission to a security object, and membership in a group or role.

Admin SQL
a list of the basic commands used by DBAs to administer the databases and related objects. BACKUP les or legroups. RESTORE DROP KILL Exec sp_who; SHUTDOWN Re-creates database and all of its associated les and then Remove an object from the database. Terminates user process based on SPID- use carefully. Returns list of all current users.

DCL (Data Control) and an intro to roles and permissions.

Permissions are required to access the database. First a login must be created on the instance level. Then that login is used to create a database broken down into two categories: Server level roles and database level roles.

db_denydatareader db_denydatawriter db_securityadmin

Fixed Server Roles

bulkadmin dbcreator diskadmin processadmin Members can run the BULK INSERT statement. Members can create, alter, drop, and restore any database. Members can manage disk les. Members can terminate processes that are running in an instance of SQL Server. GRANT permission [ ,...n ] ON <object> TO <database_principal> [WITH GRANT OPTION] GRANT IMPERSONATE ON USER::HamithaL TO AccountsPayable17; GO

Basic Syntax And Examples

and examples provided below. See SQL Server Books Online for complete syntax diagrams and usage examples.

Admin SQL
BACKUP DATABASE Customers TO DISK = NC:\DataBackup\Customers_db_200706041200.BAK RESTORE DATABASE Customers FROM DISK = NC:\DataBackup\Customers_db_200706041200.BAK BACKUP LOG Customers TO DISK = NC:\LogBackup\Customers_db_200706041200.TRN KILL 55;

CREATE TABLE table_name( <column denition><table constraint> [,n]) CREATE TABLE MyCustomers( CustID INT IDENTITY (100, 1)PRIMARY KEY, CompanyName NVARCHAR2(50)) CREATE TABLE MyOrders (OrderID int, CustID int REFERENCES MyCustomers(CustID)) ALTER TABLE table_name ALTER COLUMN column_name {DROP DEFAULT/SET DEFAULT/IDENTITY [(seed, Increment)] ADD <column_denition> | <table_constraint> DROP <constraint_name/column_name>

securityadmin setupadmin sysadmin serveradmin and shut down the server. some system stored procedures.

Fixed Database Roles

db_accessadmin db_accessadmin db_backupoperator db_datareader db_datawriter db_owner Granted: BACKUP DATABASE, BACKUP LOG, CHECKPOINT Granted: SELECT Granted: DELETE, INSERT, UPDATE Granted: VIEW ANY DATABASE Granted: ALTER ANY USER, CREATE SCHEMA

shutting down) Exec sp_who; GO SHUTDOWN; GO