Rochelle Walton February 24, 2014 English 1102 Professor Walden

Annotated Bibliography Woolcott, Ina. "Wolf, Power Animal, Symbol of Wildness, Social and Family Values." Wolf, Power Animal, Symbol of Wildness, Social and Family Values. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Ina Woolcott begins by sharing how Native American and Celtic customs see the wolf as how they should find the deepest level of ones self. The image of the wolf howling at the moon represents this inner knowing. She also tells how these tribes believe the wolf is their ancestor. Ina then goes into how wolves have been misunderstood and how they are now viewed today. The wolf has been miss represented in stories and media. The way that they are portrayed is opposite of their intelligent and friendly nature. Ina explains how the wolf symbolizes night. Night is seen as a lonesome time but this is the time when you can dream and really find yourself, which goes along with Native Americans seeing the wolf as a way to find your inner self. The wolf teaches you to learn about your inner strength and how to face your fears. Native Americans believe that wolves need sincerity. After going into detail of what the wolf is to the Native American custom she goes into the qualities of a wolf. How they hunt in packs, mate for life, and how they express themselves with body language. Wolves are very intellectual and have excellent hearing. Lastly Ina explains what a wolfs medicine is. Their medicine is death and rebirth. They face death with dignity and courage.

Moonlight. "Native American Werewolves | Werewolves." Native American Werewolves | Werewolves. N.p., 6 Sept. 2009 Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Moonlight starts out by expressing what the wolf is and has been to Native American Tribes. The wolf is believed to be a spirit of protection. The wolf is seen as a totem, or an animal that holds spiritual significance. Moonlight then moves his way into speaking about how many Native American tribes believe in a man transforming from man to animal. Although many tribes believe in this transforming, then Navajo are best known for shape-shifting. Skin-walker is another word for the shape-shifters. The word that the Navajo use is yeenadlooshi which means, He walks on all fours. Traditionally Navajos believe that skin-walkers look different than nonskinwalkers. Moonlight goes into detail of the physical appearance of skin-walkers. They have eyes that glow even in the daylight, their tongues are black, representing that their souls are poison, and their skin is hard impermeable by axe or arrows. It is also believed that skin-walkers are able to read minds and imitate cried of family and friends to lure people into the woods. The Hopi tribe believes that shape-shifting can be brought on by a ceremony where the person wears the skin of the animal that they want to become.

Neilson, Paula I. "Werewolf Beliefs among Native Tribes of North America." Suite. N.p., 2000. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Neilson speaks on how Native Americans have great respect for wolves. They try to imitate their hunting skills and use wolf packs to tell their children about sticking together, mating, and both

Rochelle Walton February 24, 2014 English 1102 Professor Walden

parents caring for the children. Some tribes believe that the wolf is a spirit with powers that can be used to help a tribe as it deserves. Werewolves are uncommon in Native American tribes and their beliefs are different that the European belief of a man beast shape-shifting into a humankilling beast howling at a full moon. For Native Americans, totems are an identification, a tribe will contain qualities that correspond with the totem. The wolf is seen as a totem of protection for many tribes. The wolf is used by the Shamans to travel the dead and living world. They believe that it helps them heal the sick and gain spiritual information. Wolf dances and ceremonies are used to call upon the wolf spirit to blessing them when they go hunting. Werewolves are highly unlikely but not completely nonexistent in Native American legends. In the Navajo and Hopi tribes, skin-walkers are common myths about men and women who become animals. These tribe members are not werewolves but witches with pelts of whatever animal they wish to become. Navajos believe that skin-walkers have the ability to read minds and mimic voices to lure people in. The only way to get rid of a skin-walker is to know the person behind the skin-walker and pronounce their whole name and three days later the skin-walker will die from the wrong theyve done.

Ernst, Alice. "Native Americans Legends - How the Wolf Ritual Began." Native Americans Legends - How the Wolf Ritual Began. N.p., 22 Oct. 2000. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. Ernst explains how the Wolf ritual began. So it goes, a young lady was walking with three friends and a wolf crossed her path. She said that the wolf was handsome and that she wishes to marry a man as handsome and strong. That night when the woman went to sleep the wolf came in and told her that he was going to take her with him. When she woke up she saw a handsome man standing before her. The two of them went to his house in the mountains. They had two sons that were half wolf and half man. Back home the girls father looked for her and ended up just believing that she was dead. When the oldest son became a man he asked his mother why he looked so different than the wolves and she explained to him that he is from another place and that there is a place away from the wolves where her own father is. The son asked to see where she was from so she spoke to her husband who eventually let her go. Before they left he taught her of the wolf ritual. Once she learned it she went home and told her father that she was married to a wolf and that when they howl at the moon the town must not do anything but learn from them. Then she taught her father the wolf ritual.

"The Real Quileute Tribe Legends." YouTube. YouTube, 30 Mar. 2010. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. The Quileute believe that they originally came from the wolf. This is the story that they pass down from generation to generation. The say that theyve been around for 10,000 years back in a different time when animals could talk. They believe that the changer went around the world setting things in balance preparing them for change. The changer, they say, went to the Quileute land where animals went when they had their skins off and were people, but when he went there, there were no people but there were two wolves so he changed them into people. The

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wolves are said to be the first animals to be turned into people by the changer for the change of time. The changer then sent them to La Push.

"Quileute Legends." Quileute Legend Myths and Folklore. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Feb. 2014. The Quileute live on a small area of land in Washington State. There are only about 750 members left who live on a reservation called La Push. Stephanie Meyers Twilight has brought a lot of acknowledgment to the Quileute tribe, however the Quileute dont possess the shape shifting power that she gives them in Twilight. Quileute legends have characters that are found in other cultures as well. Qwati is one of their most important characters. They believe that he created the first Quileute. They believe that he traveled around showing humans how they should act. Once he reached a land that had no people so he rubbed his hands together and created people out of his dead skin and water. Then he reached another part of land without people but there were two wolves there so he turned them into people. He called them the Quileute people an d told them, For this reason you Quileute shall be brave, for you came from wolves.