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Contents
Foreword
vii
Acknowledgments
ix
Indicator tables
Users guide
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
38
39
Contents
iii
40
41
43
45
47
48
51
52
53
54
55
57
59
iv
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business
4.2 Investment climate
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
61
64
66
68
72
74
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
6.2 Transportation
6.3 Information and communication technology
6.4 Energy
74
75
77
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
7.2 Health
84
86
90
92
94
96
98
100
106
108
110
10. HIV/AIDS
10.1 HIV/AIDS
112
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
116
117
120
122
124
126
130
Technical notes
131
190
192
Map of Africa
198
Contents
Foreword
For over a decade, Sub-Saharan Africa has
been experiencing relatively rapid economic
growth, averaging about 5 percent a year.
Emblematic of this growth is the information and communications technology (ICT)
revolution in Africa, with over 80 percent
of urban Africans with access to cellphones.
Thanks to economic growth, poverty has
been declining, with the absolute number of
people living on less than $1.25 a day falling
(by about 9 million) for the rst time in history. At the same time, Africa has the lowest
human development indicators, with one in
16 children dying before their fth birthday.
Striking as they are, these averages mask
the great diversity of the African continent.
This years Africa Development Indicators,
with data on 1,700 indicators stretching
back to 1960, provides a detailed picture of
the variety of the continents development
experience, across space and over time. For
instance:
While Africas gross national income per
capita was US$1,589 in 2010, it ranged
from US$180 to US$13,720.
Of the 89 million recorded internet
users in SSA, half of them were in Nigeria. Two countries (Kenya and Nigeria)
account for 62 percent of Internet users. However, Seychelles has the highest
number of Internet users per 100 people.
Although poverty is declining, Africa has the highest poverty rate in the
world, with 47.5 percent of the population living on $1.25 a day. They account
for 30 percent of the worlds poor.
Thirty-nine countries had child mortality reductions of over 12 percent over the
last 20 years with the largest decline of
over 50 percent in Malawi, Madagascar,
Eritrea and Liberia.
A central question is why Africa is doing so much better today than it was, say, 20
years ago. The answer includes several factors, such as debt relief, increased aid, high
commodity pricesand improved macroeconomic policies. These policies are the result of decisions by African policy makers
who, in turn, are increasingly accountable to
their citizens. And an informed citizenry is
better able to hold its leaders to account.
On its part, the World Bank continues
to make all its data freely available, resulting in continually growing use of its online
resources. This volume is part of the Africa
Development Indicators suite of products,
which also includes The Little Data Book on
Africa 2012/13 and The Little Data Book on
Gender in Africa 2012/13, the Africa Development Indicators 2012/13 CD-ROM, and a data
query and charting application for mobile services. All of these publications help to equip
the public with information, so they can contribute to an evidence-based debate that will
eventually lead to better public policies.
In short, Africa Development Indicators
not only documents Africas transformation;
it supports it.
Makhtar Diop
Vice President
The World Bank Group
Africa Region
Foreword
vii
Acknowledgments
Africa Development Indicators is a product of
the Africa Region of the World Bank.
This report has been prepared by a core
team led by Rose Mungai comprising Francoise Genouille and Ayago Esmubancha
Wambile in the production of this book and
its companionsAfrica Development Indicators Online 2012/13, and The Little Data Book
on Africa 2012/13 and The Little Data Book on
Gender in Africa 2012/13. Yohannes Kebede
coordinated the ADI Online Apps platform
while Mapi Buitano coordinated the dissemination of the book and its companions. Aby
Toure managed the communication aspect.
Francoise Genouille coordinated all stages of
production. The overall work was carried out
under the guidance of Shantayanan Devarajan, Chief Economist of the Africa Region.
The technical box contributors were:
Andrew Dabalen and Rose Mungai (Africa
New Dollar Per Day [PPP] Poverty Estimates [$1.25/day] in 2008 )
DIME (Whats the Coolest Region for
doing Impact Evaluation? Its Africa)
Jos Verbeek and Jose Alejandro Quijada
(Africa and the MDGs: 2015 and Beyond)
Markus Goldstein (Gender)
Rabia Ali and Jishnu Das (Gender Dierences in Risks of Death: Africas Excess
Female Mortality and Trends Over Time)
Sumila Gulyani, Ellen Bassett and Debabrata Talukdar (A Multidimensional
Portrait of Poverty and Living Conditions in Slums)
Acknowledgments
ix
Indicator tables
Part I. Basic indicators and national and scal accounts
1. Basic indicators
1.1 Basic indicators
2. National and scal accounts
2.1 Gross domestic product, nominal
2.2 Gross domestic product, nominal
2.3 Gross domestic product, nominal
2.4 Gross domestic product per capita, real
2.5 Gross domestic product per capita growth
2.6 Gross national income, nominal
2.7 Gross national income, World Bank Atlas method
2.8 Gross national income per capita, World Bank Atlas method
2.9 Gross domestic product deator (U.S. dollar series)
2.10 Consumer price Index
2.11 Consumer price index, growth
2.12 Price indices
2.13 Gross domestic savings
2.14 Gross national savings
2.15 General government nal consumption expenditure
2.16 Household nal consumption expenditure
2.17 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
2.18 Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy per capita
2.19 Gross xed capital formation
2.20 Gross general government xedcapital formation
2.21 Private sector xed capital formation
2.22 External trade balance (exportsminus imports)
2.23 Exports of goods and services, nominal
2.24 Imports of goods and services, nominal
2.25 Exports of goods and services as a share of GDP
2.26 Imports of goods and services as a share of GDP
2.27 Balance of payments andcurrent account
2.28 Exchange rates and purchasing power parity
2.29 Agriculture value added
2.30 Industry value added
2.31 Services plus discrepancy value added
2.32 Central government nances
2.33 Central government expenses
2.34 Central government revenues
2.35 Structure of demand
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
36
38
39
40
41
43
45
47
48
51
52
Indicator tables
53
54
55
57
59
Drivers of growth
4. Private sector development
4.1 Doing Business
4.2 Investment climate
4.3 Financial sector infrastructure
61
64
66
68
72
74
6. Infrastructure
6.1 Water and sanitation
6.2 Transportation
6.3 Information and communication technology
6.4 Energy
74
75
77
80
Participating in growth
7. Human development
7.1 Education
7.2 Health
84
86
90
92
94
96
98
100
106
108
110
10. HIV/AIDS
10.1 HIV/AIDS
112
11. Malaria
11.1 Malaria
116
117
120
122
124
126
130
Users guide
Tables
The tables are numbered by section. Countries are listed alphabetically by subregion
(Sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa). Indicators are shown for the most recent year
or period for which data are available and, in
most tables, for an earlier year or period (usually 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 or 2005 in this
edition). Time-series data are available on the
Africa Development IndicatorsCD-ROM and
the World Banks Open Data website (http://
data.worldbank.org). The term country, used
interchangeably with economy, does not imply political independence but refers to any
territory for which authorities report separate social or economic statistics.
Known deviations from standard denitions or breaks in comparability over time
or across countries are noted in the tables.
When available data are deemed too weak to
provide reliable measures of levels and trends
or do not adequately adhere to international
standards, the data are not shown.
Aggregate measure for region
and sub-classications
The aggregates are based on the World Banks
analytical regional classication for SubSaharan Africa and North Africa, which may
dier from common geographic usage. Former Spanish Sahara and Mayotte are not included in any aggregates.
Statistics
Data are shown for economies as they were
constituted in 2010, and historical data are
revised to reect current political arrangements. Exceptions are noted in the tables.
Additional information about the data
is provided in Primary data documentation,
which summarizes national and international eorts to improve basic data collection and
gives country-level information on primary
Box 1
The World Bank Atlas method for converting gross national income to a common denominator
where et* is the Atlas conversion factor (national currency to the U.S. dollar) for year t,
et is the average annual exchange rate (national currency to the U.S. dollar) for year t,
pt is the GDP deflator for year t, ptS$ is the
SDR deflator in U.S. dollar terms for year t,
Yt$ is current GNI per capita in U.S. dollars
in year t, Yt is current GNI (local currency)
for year t, and Nt is midyear population for
year t.
Table 1
High income
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Central Africa Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia, The
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
Sierra Leone
Somalia
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Angola
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Congo, Rep.
Cte dIvoire
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Ghana
Lesotho
Mauritania
Morocco
Nigeria
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
South Sudan
Sudan
Swaziland
Zambia
Algeria
Botswana
Gabon
Libya
Mauritius
Namibia
Seychelles
South Africa
Tunisia
Equatorial Guinea
>
means more than
0 or 0.0 means zero or small enough that
the number would round to zero
at the displayed number of decimal
places.
/
in dates, as in 2010/11, means that
the period of time, usually covers 12 months, but straddles two
calendar years and refers to a crop
year, a survey year or a scal year.
in dates, as in 2010-11, means that
the period of time, refers to 2010
and/or 2011
Userstables
guide
Indicator
Participating in growth
Table
1.1
Basic indicators
GDP per capita
Adult
Net official
GNI
literacyrate development
Under-five
Life
Population percapita, Constant 2000 prices
(%
ages
15
Average expectancy mortality
assistance
World Bank
Land area density
and older)
annual
Total
Growth (thousands (people Atlas method
per capita
rate
Gini
at birth
growth (%) (years) (per 1,000) index
Male Female (current $)
(millions) (annual %) of sq km) per sq km) (current $)
$
a
b
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
200010
2010
2010
200010 2009 2009
2010
Population
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.8
2.8
1.3
3.0
2.6
2.2
0.9
1.9
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.8
3.0
2.2
1.9
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.6
1.0
4.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.4
0.5
2.3
1.8
3.5
2.5
3.0
1.8
2.7
(0.9)
2.2
2.3
1.4
1.9
1.1
3.0
2.1
3.2
1.6
0.8
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.0
1.0
2.3
23,616
22,401
21,491
1,247
111
567
274
26
473
4
623
1,259
2
2,267
342
318
28
101
1,000
258
10
228
246
28
569
30
96
582
94
1,220
1,031
2
786
823
1,267
911
25
1
193
0
72
627
1,214
2,376
17
886
54
200
743
387
5,762
2,382
23
995
1,760
446
155
29,378
35.7
35.4
29.6
15.3
80.0
3.5
60.2
326.4
41.5
123.1
7.1
8.9
395.0
29.1
11.8
62.1
25.0
52.0
83.0
5.8
172.8
107.2
40.6
53.9
71.2
71.5
41.5
35.6
158.1
12.6
3.4
631.0
29.7
2.8
12.3
173.9
430.6
172.3
64.6
188.1
81.9
14.9
41.2
18.3
61.4
50.6
110.8
167.3
17.4
32.5
28.9
14.9
38.3
81.5
3.6
71.6
67.9
34.4
1,202
895
824
3,960
780
6,750
550
230
1,200
3,280
470
710
750
180
2,240
1,170
13,720
340
390
7,680
610
1,250
390
580
810
1,100
210
430
330
600
1,000
7,780
440
4,250
360
1,170
520
1,250
1,080
10,460
340
..
6,090
1,300
2,930
530
550
500
1,070
480
3,533
4,390
..
2,420
..
2,850
4,140
1,586
653
458
437
1,369
377
4,190
283
138
714
1,959
240
300
336
106
1,253
588
8,537
147
221
4,214
704
360
550
161
469
496
261
243
185
273
609
5,181
384
2,696
179
540
337
..
562
8,788
268
..
3,753
524
1,811
459
265
380
432
321
2,313
2,232
..
1,976
..
1,844
3,144
926
2.6
3.2
3.0
9.4
0.8
2.7
2.9
0.5
1.0
5.0
-0.7
6.1
-0.8
2.5
1.7
-0.6
12.4
-2.9
6.3
0.2
1.4
3.4
5.2
-0.5
1.7
2.7
1.7
0.3
2.3
2.0
3.1
3.1
4.9
3.1
0.6
4.1
4.8
..
1.5
1.8
5.0
..
2.7
4.1
2.1
4.2
0.1
4.3
3.1
-6.2
3.2
2.3
2.0
3.2
3.3
3.7
3.7
2.6
54.2
54.3
55.0
50.7
55.6
53.1
54.9
49.9
51.1
73.8
47.6
49.2
60.6
48.1
57.0
54.7
50.8
61.0
58.7
62.3
58.2
63.8
53.6
47.7
56.5
47.4
56.2
66.5
53.5
51.0
58.2
73.0
49.7
62.1
54.3
51.4
55.1
64.4
59.0
73.0
47.4
50.9
52.1
61.1
48.3
57.4
56.6
53.6
48.5
49.9
72.8
72.9
57.5
73.0
74.8
71.9
74.6
57.2
122
125
120
161
115
48
176
142
136
36
159
173
86
170
93
123
121
61
106
74
98
74
130
150
85
85
103
62
92
178
111
15
135
40
143
143
91
80
75
14
174
180
57
103
78
92
103
99
111
80
27
36
91
22
17
36
16
113
..
..
58.6
38.6
..
39.8
33.3
38.9
50.5
56.3
39.8
64.3
44.4
47.3
41.5
..
..
29.8
41.5
47.3
42.8
39.4
35.5
47.7
52.5
38.2
44.1
39.0
33.0
40.5
..
45.7
63.9
34.6
48.8
53.1
50.8
39.2
65.8
42.5
..
63.1
35.3
51.5
37.6
34.4
44.3
54.6
..
..
40.0
30.8
..
40.9
41.4
..
..
74.5
..
82.9
54.2
83.8
..
72.6
..
90.1
69.1
44.5
79.7
79.5
..
64.7
97.0
77.9
..
91.4
57.6
72.8
50.8
66.9
90.5
82.9
63.7
..
80.6
..
64.5
90.6
70.1
88.9
..
72.0
75.0
93.7
61.8
..
52.7
..
..
..
87.8
79.0
..
..
80.6
94.7
..
..
..
..
95.2
68.9
..
..
..
56.1
..
57.6
29.1
84.4
..
60.9
..
80.3
42.1
23.1
68.7
54.9
..
45.3
89.8
56.0
..
84.1
35.8
60.4
28.1
38.0
83.5
95.3
54.5
..
67.0
..
50.3
85.3
41.5
88.1
..
49.8
66.8
84.1
38.7
..
30.1
..
..
..
86.2
66.9
..
..
61.3
89.4
..
..
..
..
82.0
43.9
..
..
52.8
54.7
65.1
12.5
77.9
77.8
64.5
75.2
27.6
661.1
59.3
43.3
91.5
53.7
324.6
42.8
121.0
30.6
42.5
69.1
69.5
69.4
21.8
92.0
40.2
118.0
355.3
22.7
68.6
70.8
108.2
97.8
83.4
112.3
48.0
13.0
97.2
298.1
74.6
647.7
79.6
53.3
20.6
61.8
86.6
66.0
69.5
51.6
70.7
58.3
16.4
5.6
148.8
7.3
1.3
31.1
52.2
47.3
a. Provisional.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
BASIC INDICATORS
Table
2.1
1980
1990
2004
300,415
188,529
160,121
10,260
1,845
3,792
3,101
1,132
11,152
307
1,488
1,739
250
9,350
2,799
10,796
132
..
12,083
5,952
317
5,886
2,667
244
8,591
541
384
3,081
1,881
2,421
1,020
2,653
2,463
2,350
2,481
28,472
2,584
..
5,717
369
650
917
112,014
12,409
1,115
4,259
1,628
4,304
3,288
8,784
172,644
62,045
452
43,130
28,905
25,821
12,291
472,965
558,699
339,519
251,329
19,775
4,047
10,049
5,109
899
15,775
924
1,270
4,415
362
6,512
4,649
15,481
5,241
1,109
10,054
7,178
579
8,872
3,666
523
16,096
1,234
467
4,364
2,625
4,874
1,833
6,386
5,698
6,606
3,053
87,845
2,089
107
8,030
700
1,096
..
219,093
21,685
2,421
12,826
1,937
7,940
5,439
5,806
286,041
85,014
666
78,845
33,385
56,948
31,183
843,939
2005
Current prices
($ millions)
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
651,778 760,711
881,782 1,009,242
953,418 1,117,459
404,659 499,793
595,804
735,892
670,761
754,176
291,954 352,311
429,206
527,924
501,543
556,563
28,234
41,789
60,449
84,178
75,492
82,471
4,287
4,735
5,546
6,683
6,585
6,558
10,255
11,256
12,379
13,443
11,537
14,905
5,463
5,845
6,756
8,351
8,348
8,825
1,117
1,237
1,319
1,621
1,815
2,027
16,588
17,957
20,684
23,736
22,182
22,480
972
1,108
1,331
1,562
1,601
1,659
1,350
1,477
1,696
1,983
1,980
1,985
5,302
6,099
7,016
8,357
7,085
8,541
387
403
465
530
535
541
7,191
8,824
10,014
11,675
11,204
13,110
6,087
7,731
8,395
11,859
9,594
12,008
16,363
17,367
19,796
23,414
23,042
22,921
8,217
9,603
12,575
18,424
12,233
14,500
1,098
1,211
1,318
1,380
1,857
2,117
12,307
15,164
19,553
26,642
31,963
29,684
8,666
9,546
11,571
14,530
10,946
13,200
636
667
833
1,037
983
1,050
10,720
20,388
24,632
28,527
25,979
32,175
2,937
2,821
4,209
3,778
4,165
4,736
573
579
691
847
835
835
18,738
22,504
27,237
30,519
30,580
32,198
1,368
1,429
1,597
1,626
1,711
2,179
542
604
739
851
879
988
5,039
5,515
7,343
9,395
8,488
8,721
2,755
3,117
3,458
4,074
4,728
5,054
5,305
5,866
7,146
8,738
8,965
9,422
2,184
3,041
3,357
3,585
3,027
3,614
6,284
6,507
7,792
9,641
8,825
9,714
6,579
7,096
8,030
9,891
9,674
9,209
7,262
7,981
8,806
8,840
8,931
11,133
3,405
3,645
4,291
5,370
5,254
5,411
112,249 146,867
165,921
207,118
168,568
196,838
2,581
3,111
3,738
4,712
5,253
5,624
114
124
144
183
196
201
8,714
9,378
11,320
13,386
12,769
12,855
917
1,020
1,019
962
841
963
1,239
1,422
1,664
1,955
1,856
1,910
..
..
..
..
..
..
247,064 261,007
286,172
273,870
283,012
363,523
27,387
36,393
46,533
58,032
54,633
66,997
2,584
2,948
3,054
3,020
2,950
3,698
14,142
14,331
16,826
20,715
21,368
22,915
2,115
2,203
2,523
3,163
3,156
3,176
9,237
9,977
11,916
14,441
15,803
17,197
7,179
10,702
11,541
14,641
12,805
16,193
5,755
5,444
5,292
4,416
5,836
7,476
328,540 381,921 453,093
561,720 524,944
586,796
102,339
117,169
135,804
170,989
138,120
161,979
709
769
848
983
1,049
..
89,686 107,484
130,478
162,818
188,984
218,894
44,000
56,484
71,803
93,168
62,360
..
59,524
65,637
75,226
88,883
90,908
90,803
32,283
34,377
38,934
44,880
43,522
44,238
979,376 1,141,531 1,333,613 1,569,577 1,477,045 1,704,989
1.0
-0.7
3.0
..
2.4
12.6
4.8
2.2
7.4
8.7
8.1
5.7
8.0
-6.2
2.3
2.0
..
..
5.9
-0.5
1.7
3.2
..
3.7
2.6
-0.8
0.8
-5.2
1.8
3.4
3.5
8.8
-4.7
0.1
-0.2
-12.0
8.6
..
6.2
9.3
-4.3
6.4
4.2
10.1
1.9
..
4.5
20.7
-3.1
-0.1
4.8
4.5
..
6.8
..
3.7
2.3
2.2
1.5
1.2
0.8
-3.8
3.5
4.7
0.0
-3.3
-2.5
7.0
-4.3
-1.3
-2.0
-7.1
-2.4
2.2
22.5
7.2
-5.7
-1.7
6.8
2.6
3.0
-0.6
7.7
4.1
1.8
3.4
0.2
0.4
1.7
5.8
8.3
4.6
-1.8
3.2
-2.0
..
-1.8
6.0
0.6
..
2.1
0.8
4.5
10.1
-0.1
8.8
0.2
-1.4
4.3
-1.2
1.7
10.8
-0.9
5.1
7.3
2.6
14.6
15.9
15.1
30.4
12.6
10.3
13.9
10.7
10.2
13.3
8.9
21.4
11.1
12.3
17.7
9.6
31.4
12.6
17.4
12.5
5.3
23.8
4.0
17.4
11.7
12.6
7.6
9.2
11.1
15.4
13.1
8.7
10.7
11.7
12.8
18.2
15.1
11.7
12.4
5.2
11.9
..
12.0
20.6
11.0
9.3
10.7
12.7
19.7
-1.2
11.1
13.7
7.6
9.2
15.0
10.9
8.6
13.2
a. Provisional.
Table
2.2
1980
1990
2004
2005
273,077
162,145
127,126
8,464
1,412
3,229
1,556
1,019
8,793
280
815
1,106
181
7,659
2,796
8,298
207
..
6,234
4,298
569
3,267
2,088
186
10,544
504
408
3,266
1,243
1,630
972
2,726
2,499
2,591
1,507
34,978
1,673
..
3,463
395
1,014
..
110,945
7,062
1,139
7,547
1,043
3,293
3,028
5,622
180,141
46,367
660
65,579
..
29,312
13,547
454,583
406,992
254,784
195,946
12,383
2,650
7,160
3,296
922
11,815
658
892
2,572
222
4,921
3,647
10,287
3,815
782
9,993
5,361
921
6,010
3,585
204
14,327
838
543
4,148
1,875
3,105
1,489
5,261
5,918
4,850
2,091
58,731
2,293
..
5,579
556
1,125
..
152,329
15,088
1,651
13,335
1,352
8,055
3,886
4,834
289,670
66,190
619
113,666
37,771
45,835
25,589
696,649
431,505
271,274
209,263
14,644
2,727
7,278
3,581
930
12,087
701
914
3,018
232
5,304
3,932
10,417
4,187
802
11,174
5,523
924
6,364
4,938
211
15,173
860
595
4,339
1,924
3,294
1,622
5,327
6,484
4,972
2,185
61,902
2,507
..
5,893
598
1,206
..
160,367
16,043
1,692
14,318
1,368
8,565
4,093
4,558
304,277
69,565
638
118,749
41,511
47,201
26,613
735,761
Constant prices
(2000 $ millions)
2006
2007
458,686
289,484
223,630
17,680
2,839
7,652
3,823
980
12,476
772
949
3,024
234
5,600
4,173
10,488
4,239
794
12,384
5,588
955
6,771
5,062
215
16,134
898
653
4,557
2,072
3,469
1,928
5,537
6,893
5,324
2,312
65,740
2,737
..
6,042
653
1,294
..
169,354
17,855
1,748
15,282
1,423
9,489
4,348
4,400
321,442
70,956
669
126,876
43,960
50,863
28,118
780,101
488,918
310,343
240,245
21,675
2,970
8,020
3,961
1,027
12,913
838
984
3,030
236
5,950
4,107
10,668
5,148
805
13,803
5,899
1,012
7,209
5,150
222
17,262
940
755
4,842
2,192
3,618
1,960
5,862
7,395
5,610
2,391
69,980
2,888
..
6,335
716
1,377
..
178,749
19,669
1,809
16,375
1,456
10,287
4,617
4,239
338,372
73,085
703
135,869
46,598
52,240
29,878
827,251
2008
2009
2010a
513,732
328,716
254,412
24,669
3,121
8,255
4,191
1,079
13,287
890
1,003
3,018
238
6,316
4,335
10,916
5,698
726
15,292
6,036
1,076
7,817
5,405
229
17,526
991
835
5,187
2,375
3,799
2,028
6,186
7,901
5,799
2,599
74,179
3,211
..
6,570
709
1,454
..
185,217
21,014
1,852
17,593
1,491
11,183
4,880
3,490
355,930
74,839
744
145,592
48,368
55,158
31,228
869,622
524,769
342,653
263,133
25,265
3,240
7,857
4,315
1,117
13,553
923
1,020
2,982
242
6,495
4,659
11,331
6,025
754
16,638
5,951
1,147
8,129
5,390
236
17,990
1,019
944
4,949
2,590
3,970
2,004
6,373
8,401
5,774
2,575
79,372
3,343
..
6,707
713
1,500
..
182,370
21,847
1,874
18,652
1,539
11,993
5,192
3,699
369,193
76,635
781
152,415
49,384
57,783
32,196
893,935
550,762
363,414
277,664
26,126
3,337
8,408
4,656
1,159
13,987
972
1,054
3,369
247
6,961
5,067
11,603
5,979
771
18,291
6,344
1,217
8,779
5,494
244
18,988
1,076
1,041
5,027
2,758
4,200
2,108
6,636
8,972
6,155
2,781
85,582
3,584
..
6,984
760
1,574
..
187,640
22,819
1,912
19,966
1,596
12,701
5,587
4,032
384,775
79,164
..
160,259
..
59,908
33,161
935,730
1.8
2.1
2.6
..
2.7
10.9
4.0
4.5
4.5
6.3
1.6
6.7
2.9
2.1
3.8
0.7
..
..
2.1
0.5
3.5
2.6
..
3.8
4.1
2.4
-3.3
0.8
2.4
0.6
1.9
6.1
-0.9
1.1
-0.4
0.8
2.5
..
2.7
3.1
0.5
..
1.4
2.4
7.4
..
1.5
2.3
1.0
3.3
4.2
2.9
..
5.5
..
4.2
3.2
2.6
2.4
2.7
2.8
1.0
4.7
5.5
5.5
-3.2
1.3
5.9
1.8
2.3
1.2
-5.0
0.8
3.5
20.7
7.9
3.7
2.9
2.7
4.3
4.5
1.4
2.2
4.0
0.2
1.7
3.8
3.9
3.2
5.0
6.0
4.0
2.4
2.4
-1.6
..
2.8
4.5
-5.3
..
2.0
5.4
3.3
2.8
3.6
7.2
0.3
2.9
3.2
1.7
-2.3
4.3
..
2.4
4.6
2.7
5.2
5.9
5.7
12.9
4.0
4.1
5.9
3.4
3.3
6.3
1.0
9.4
1.9
5.5
4.4
1.1
15.7
0.7
8.8
2.2
4.4
5.9
7.1
1.5
4.4
3.7
5.2
3.4
5.3
5.2
5.9
3.9
7.6
5.0
4.2
6.7
7.5
..
4.2
2.6
8.8
..
3.9
6.7
2.5
7.1
2.3
7.7
5.6
-6.3
4.8
3.9
4.0
5.1
5.4
4.9
4.7
5.0
a. Provisional.
Table
2.3
Annual growth
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
4.0
1.8
0.7
..
6.8
12.0
0.8
1.0
-2.0
..
-4.5
-6.1
..
2.2
17.6
-11.0
..
..
..
2.6
6.3
0.5
..
-16.0
5.6
-2.7
-4.1
0.8
0.4
-4.3
3.4
-10.1
..
..
-2.2
4.2
9.0
..
-3.3
-4.3
4.8
-3.9
6.6
1.5
12.5
..
14.6
..
3.0
14.4
5.2
0.8
..
10.0
..
3.6
7.4
4.4
1.2
2.2
0.7
-0.3
3.2
6.8
-0.6
3.5
-6.1
0.7
-2.2
-4.2
5.1
-6.6
1.0
-1.1
3.3
..
2.7
5.2
3.6
3.3
4.3
6.1
4.2
6.5
-51.0
3.1
5.7
-1.9
-1.8
7.2
1.0
2.5
-1.3
8.2
-2.4
..
-0.7
7.0
3.4
-1.5
-0.3
-5.5
21.0
7.1
-0.2
6.5
-0.5
7.0
4.1
0.8
..
5.7
..
4.0
8.0
2.2
6.1
7.1
6.0
11.2
3.1
6.0
4.6
4.8
3.7
4.3
1.0
33.6
-0.2
6.6
3.5
1.8
38.0
1.5
13.6
1.4
7.1
5.6
2.3
2.2
5.1
2.3
-5.1
5.3
5.5
2.2
5.8
5.8
7.9
12.3
0.1
10.6
7.4
6.6
5.9
-2.9
7.5
..
4.6
1.8
2.9
7.8
2.1
6.8
5.4
-5.8
4.7
5.2
3.8
4.1
4.4
4.8
6.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
6.8
18.3
2.9
1.6
8.7
0.9
2.3
6.5
2.4
17.3
4.2
7.8
7.8
1.3
9.8
2.6
11.8
3.0
0.3
5.9
37.8
3.5
5.9
2.7
9.5
4.6
2.6
6.1
9.0
1.2
9.6
2.5
4.5
5.4
9.3
-1.4
5.6
7.5
7.2
..
5.3
6.3
2.5
7.4
1.2
6.3
5.3
-5.7
5.0
5.1
3.2
4.5
9.9
3.0
4.0
5.6
6.3
6.7
6.9
20.7
4.1
5.1
6.8
5.4
3.2
10.1
3.8
0.2
1.2
5.6
6.1
0.7
1.3
-1.0
10.8
1.2
3.4
6.4
2.5
2.1
6.3
4.3
9.8
5.0
7.7
5.3
18.9
4.0
6.3
7.1
5.8
6.2
9.2
6.7
2.5
9.3
7.3
..
5.6
11.3
3.3
6.7
4.1
10.8
6.2
-3.5
5.6
2.0
4.8
6.8
5.9
7.8
5.7
6.0
6.6
7.2
7.4
22.6
4.6
4.8
3.6
4.8
3.5
8.7
3.7
0.2
0.5
6.3
-1.6
1.7
21.4
1.4
11.5
5.6
6.0
6.5
1.8
3.2
7.0
4.7
15.7
6.2
5.8
4.3
1.6
5.9
7.3
5.4
3.4
6.5
5.5
6.0
4.9
9.6
6.4
..
5.6
10.2
3.5
7.2
2.3
8.4
6.2
-3.7
5.3
3.0
5.1
7.1
6.0
2.7
6.3
6.0
5.1
5.9
5.9
13.8
5.1
2.9
5.8
5.1
2.9
6.2
2.0
-0.4
1.0
6.2
5.6
2.3
10.7
-9.8
10.8
2.3
6.3
8.4
4.9
3.2
1.5
5.4
10.5
7.1
8.3
5.0
3.5
5.5
6.8
3.4
8.7
6.0
11.2
9.1
3.7
-1.0
5.5
..
3.6
6.8
2.4
7.4
2.4
8.7
5.7
-17.7
5.2
2.4
5.8
7.2
3.8
5.6
4.5
5.1
2.2
4.2
3.4
2.4
3.8
-4.8
3.0
3.5
2.0
3.7
1.7
-1.2
1.8
2.8
7.5
3.8
5.7
3.9
8.8
-1.4
6.7
4.0
-0.3
3.0
2.6
2.9
13.1
-4.6
9.0
4.5
-1.2
3.0
6.3
-0.4
-0.9
7.0
4.1
4.0
2.1
0.5
3.2
..
-1.5
4.0
1.2
6.0
3.2
7.3
6.4
6.0
3.7
2.4
5.0
4.7
2.1
4.8
3.1
2.8
5.0
6.1
5.5
3.4
3.0
7.0
7.9
3.8
3.2
5.2
3.3
13.0
2.1
7.2
8.8
2.4
-0.8
2.2
9.9
6.6
6.1
8.0
1.9
3.5
5.6
5.6
10.3
1.6
6.5
5.8
5.2
4.1
6.8
6.6
8.0
7.8
7.2
4.5
4.1
6.7
5.0
..
2.9
4.5
2.0
7.0
3.7
5.9
7.6
9.0
4.2
3.3
..
5.2
..
3.7
3.0
4.7
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
2.2
2.1
2.6
4.2
3.1
11.5
3.7
4.3
4.0
6.4
0.9
5.4
2.7
1.8
6.8
-0.2
0.9
..
2.4
1.9
3.9
2.0
4.5
2.9
4.2
2.2
-4.5
0.4
1.7
0.6
2.2
4.3
0.4
1.1
0.0
0.9
3.2
..
2.4
2.1
1.1
1.7
2.2
3.4
8.6
3.8
2.6
3.0
1.4
5.2
4.3
2.8
..
5.9
..
3.9
3.6
2.9
2.1
2.5
2.4
1.0
4.5
5.9
5.1
-1.4
0.4
5.2
1.3
2.2
1.6
-5.5
0.8
2.6
20.2
8.1
2.7
2.5
3.1
4.3
4.3
2.0
2.2
4.1
1.2
1.6
4.1
3.6
2.9
5.2
5.6
4.1
1.9
3.1
2.1
..
2.7
4.9
-4.3
-1.5
1.4
4.4
4.9
3.3
2.6
6.9
0.4
2.9
3.3
1.6
-2.0
4.3
..
2.8
5.1
2.5
4.8
5.4
5.2
10.6
4.2
4.3
5.6
3.0
3.4
7.1
1.1
8.8
2.0
3.9
5.0
0.7
17.7
0.8
8.3
1.9
4.6
5.7
5.9
1.9
3.8
3.9
10.1
3.0
4.5
5.5
4.6
4.3
7.2
4.6
4.0
6.4
7.6
5.8
4.0
2.5
9.2
..
3.6
6.5
2.2
6.8
1.9
7.1
5.4
-4.4
4.4
3.6
3.6
4.9
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.6
a. Provisional.
10
Table
2.4
Constant prices
(2000 $)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
594
372
354
..
300
1,154
153
160
696
..
323
146
412
260
971
909
..
..
..
5,265
634
242
..
137
435
288
682
360
160
212
544
1,573
203
2,263
259
416
264
..
496
4,532
294
..
3,463
275
779
..
352
..
473
501
1,293
1,876
..
857
..
1,019
1,495
736
539
344
340
819
296
2,336
167
182
722
804
278
184
413
210
1,170
663
555
..
129
4,627
589
221
363
183
450
308
192
289
133
188
487
2,575
184
1,831
194
359
235
..
478
5,645
255
..
3,152
267
1,320
305
284
186
385
537
1,501
1,833
1,174
1,154
..
1,172
1,661
725
558
373
359
776
358
3,866
239
131
688
1,409
226
271
355
88
1,058
580
6,468
181
138
3,988
631
285
403
152
413
409
176
239
150
243
502
4,266
292
2,373
167
431
255
..
527
6,740
227
..
3,264
402
1,625
363
256
293
347
384
1,909
2,043
779
1,560
6,682
1,503
2,576
791
577
387
373
888
357
3,880
252
128
689
1,482
227
308
360
92
1,113
578
6,889
179
150
4,029
614
294
546
154
426
417
187
243
150
250
532
4,284
312
2,391
168
443
272
..
542
7,209
234
..
3,398
418
1,663
380
253
301
357
363
1,975
2,115
789
1,600
7,195
1,531
2,654
816
599
403
389
1,039
361
4,025
261
131
695
1,614
232
300
355
95
1,150
572
6,774
171
163
4,000
617
305
550
154
442
430
197
247
157
255
616
4,420
324
2,513
172
459
290
..
541
7,722
243
..
3,548
454
1,716
394
257
323
370
351
2,054
2,125
812
1,679
7,459
1,632
2,776
846
623
421
408
1,237
366
4,161
263
133
704
1,736
236
292
347
98
1,101
572
7,995
168
178
4,143
636
317
549
156
461
446
217
255
161
258
610
4,651
339
2,599
171
476
297
..
552
8,420
251
..
3,704
487
1,773
411
258
339
383
340
2,129
2,155
837
1,766
7,737
1,659
2,922
877
639
435
421
1,368
374
4,223
270
136
708
1,827
237
283
341
101
1,130
575
8,603
147
192
4,162
657
336
565
158
456
466
228
265
170
263
616
4,876
354
2,636
180
492
321
..
557
8,152
259
..
3,796
507
1,795
429
258
357
394
280
2,205
2,174
869
1,859
7,865
1,734
3,023
901
637
443
425
1,362
377
3,965
270
137
707
1,878
236
273
338
101
1,182
586
8,845
148
205
4,028
682
341
552
159
456
474
246
246
179
266
593
4,998
368
2,575
172
514
324
..
554
8,162
261
..
3,698
514
1,796
442
261
371
408
297
2,253
2,193
895
1,912
7,885
1,797
3,084
905
653
458
437
1,369
377
4,190
283
138
714
1,959
240
300
336
106
1,253
588
8,537
147
221
4,214
704
360
550
161
469
496
261
243
185
273
609
5,181
384
2,696
179
540
337
..
562
8,788
268
..
3,753
524
1,811
459
265
380
432
321
2,313
2,232
..
1,976
..
1,844
3,144
926
-0.9
-0.8
-0.2
..
-0.2
7.4
1.4
1.4
1.4
..
-1.2
3.4
-0.3
-1.2
2.3
-3.0
..
..
..
-1.6
-0.8
-1.1
..
2.8
0.3
0.3
-6.3
-2.4
-2.3
-0.9
-0.7
4.8
-1.0
-2.2
-2.8
-2.3
-1.0
..
0.0
1.8
-1.8
..
-0.8
0.5
4.1
..
-2.1
..
-1.9
0.3
1.5
-0.1
..
2.9
..
1.3
0.6
-0.1
-0.5
-0.2
-0.2
-2.5
1.4
3.1
2.8
-3.4
-1.5
3.2
-0.8
-0.5
-1.4
-8.8
-2.0
0.1
15.3
..
-0.7
-0.9
0.1
1.7
0.3
-1.2
-0.9
1.9
-2.4
-1.7
1.9
1.4
0.4
3.7
2.8
1.2
-1.3
0.1
-1.2
..
0.3
2.9
-5.7
..
-0.7
2.8
1.3
-0.1
-0.2
3.5
-2.3
0.4
1.4
-0.3
-4.7
2.4
..
0.9
3.0
0.0
2.6
3.2
3.0
9.4
0.8
2.7
2.9
0.5
1.0
5.0
-0.7
6.1
-0.8
2.5
1.7
-0.6
12.4
-2.9
6.3
0.2
1.4
3.4
5.2
-0.5
1.7
2.7
1.7
0.3
2.3
2.0
3.1
3.1
4.9
3.1
0.6
4.1
4.8
..
1.5
1.8
5.0
..
2.7
4.1
2.1
4.2
0.1
4.3
3.1
-6.2
3.2
2.3
2.0
3.2
3.3
3.7
3.7
2.6
a. Provisional.
11
Table
2.5
Annual growth
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
1.1
-1.1
-2.1
..
4.0
7.9
-1.6
-1.8
-4.8
..
-7.0
-8.0
..
-0.7
14.3
-14.9
..
..
..
-0.3
2.7
-1.9
..
-18.5
1.7
-5.3
-7.1
-1.8
-2.6
-6.2
0.4
-11.4
..
..
-5.0
1.3
5.4
..
-5.7
-5.5
2.6
-9.0
4.2
-1.7
9.1
..
11.5
..
-0.3
10.4
2.5
-2.5
..
7.5
..
1.0
4.6
1.6
-1.6
-0.6
-2.2
-3.0
0.1
3.6
-3.2
1.0
-8.8
-0.9
-4.4
-7.1
2.6
-9.9
-1.7
-4.4
0.1
..
-0.6
1.9
-0.5
0.5
-0.3
4.0
0.7
4.5
-50.3
0.1
2.0
-3.7
-4.4
6.2
-0.3
-1.4
-4.2
5.5
-2.2
..
-3.6
6.1
2.1
-1.9
-2.3
-7.7
17.0
3.7
-2.7
2.8
-3.2
3.9
1.8
-1.7
..
3.5
..
2.1
5.4
-0.5
3.5
4.4
3.3
7.4
-0.2
4.7
1.6
1.8
1.4
2.8
-0.6
29.1
-2.9
3.5
1.1
0.2
33.8
-2.6
10.8
-0.7
3.9
3.1
0.7
0.2
2.4
1.4
-6.8
2.1
2.7
-1.0
2.8
4.8
5.1
10.4
-3.3
7.9
5.6
5.0
3.1
-2.5
2.7
..
3.3
-0.5
2.8
5.0
-0.2
3.4
3.0
-5.7
3.0
3.6
2.0
2.2
2.3
3.6
5.0
3.1
3.4
3.8
4.1
14.5
-0.3
0.4
5.5
-2.1
0.0
5.2
0.7
13.6
1.5
4.7
5.1
-0.4
6.5
-1.3
9.2
1.0
-2.6
3.4
35.4
1.4
3.2
1.8
6.4
1.5
-0.2
2.8
6.0
0.4
6.8
0.7
0.9
2.8
7.0
-2.9
2.8
7.0
3.0
..
4.1
3.8
2.3
4.5
-1.1
2.9
2.9
-5.5
3.4
3.5
1.3
2.6
7.7
1.9
3.0
3.2
3.7
4.0
4.2
17.0
1.0
3.7
3.7
2.2
1.0
8.9
2.0
-2.8
-1.5
2.6
3.4
-1.0
-1.7
-4.4
8.3
-0.7
0.4
3.9
0.7
0.1
3.6
3.3
5.4
1.9
4.7
2.1
15.7
3.2
3.7
5.1
2.1
3.6
6.4
5.1
-0.2
7.1
3.8
..
4.4
8.6
3.2
3.8
1.8
7.2
3.6
-3.2
4.0
0.5
2.9
4.9
3.7
6.6
4.6
3.6
4.0
4.5
4.8
19.0
1.5
3.4
0.6
1.6
1.2
7.6
1.9
-2.6
-2.2
3.3
-4.3
0.0
18.0
-1.8
9.0
3.6
3.1
3.9
-0.1
1.1
4.3
3.7
10.3
3.1
2.7
1.1
-1.0
5.2
4.7
3.4
-0.2
3.8
2.6
4.4
2.1
9.0
3.5
..
4.4
7.4
3.4
4.2
0.1
5.0
3.5
-3.3
3.7
1.4
3.1
5.2
3.7
1.6
5.3
3.7
2.5
3.3
3.3
10.6
2.0
1.5
2.7
1.9
0.7
5.3
0.2
-3.0
-1.7
3.3
2.7
0.5
7.6
-12.5
8.4
0.4
3.4
5.9
2.9
1.1
-1.0
4.3
5.1
4.0
5.1
1.8
0.9
4.8
4.3
1.4
4.9
3.4
7.9
7.4
1.0
-3.2
3.0
..
2.5
4.2
1.2
4.4
0.2
5.2
2.9
-17.5
3.6
0.9
3.8
5.3
1.7
4.5
3.5
2.8
-0.3
1.7
0.9
-0.4
0.8
-6.1
-0.1
0.6
-0.2
2.8
-0.2
-3.8
-0.9
0.1
4.6
1.9
2.8
0.8
6.5
-3.2
3.8
1.6
-2.3
0.9
0.0
1.8
7.8
-7.3
5.7
1.4
-3.6
2.5
3.9
-2.3
-4.4
4.4
1.0
2.3
-0.6
0.1
0.9
..
-2.6
1.4
0.1
3.0
1.0
3.8
3.5
5.8
2.2
0.9
3.0
2.9
0.3
3.7
2.0
0.5
2.4
3.4
2.9
0.6
0.1
5.7
4.7
1.2
1.0
4.3
1.4
10.1
-0.5
4.3
6.0
0.4
-3.5
-0.8
7.6
4.6
3.3
5.5
-0.3
1.4
2.8
4.5
5.9
-1.3
3.2
2.6
2.7
3.7
4.4
4.7
4.2
5.2
4.0
2.7
1.4
7.7
2.7
..
1.5
1.9
0.8
3.9
1.5
2.6
5.9
8.2
2.7
1.8
..
3.3
..
2.6
1.9
2.3
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
-0.7
-0.8
-0.4
1.5
0.3
7.8
1.1
1.1
1.0
4.8
-1.7
2.6
-0.2
-1.1
3.8
-4.1
-2.8
..
-0.8
-1.2
-0.4
-1.0
1.5
0.8
0.4
-0.2
-5.9
-2.3
-2.3
-1.2
-0.6
3.3
-0.6
-2.2
-2.7
-1.7
-0.3
..
-0.5
1.2
-1.3
0.9
-0.3
0.5
4.8
0.6
-0.6
-0.5
-1.7
1.4
1.6
-0.3
..
3.4
..
1.4
1.0
0.1
-0.6
-0.2
-0.4
-1.9
1.3
3.2
2.3
-2.8
-2.1
2.9
-1.1
-0.9
-0.9
-8.4
-1.9
-0.4
16.3
6.5
-0.5
-0.5
0.0
1.6
0.2
0.0
-0.7
2.2
-2.3
-1.5
2.2
1.0
0.0
4.0
2.6
1.0
-1.5
0.6
1.1
..
-0.1
3.3
-4.5
-1.9
-0.8
1.8
2.9
0.3
-0.1
3.5
-2.2
0.9
1.5
-0.4
-4.5
2.5
..
1.2
3.3
0.0
2.2
2.8
2.5
7.2
1.0
2.9
2.6
0.3
1.1
5.7
-0.6
5.4
-0.7
1.0
2.3
-1.1
14.2
-2.7
5.7
-0.1
1.6
3.1
4.1
-0.1
1.2
2.8
6.2
0.0
1.6
2.3
1.8
3.5
4.5
2.6
0.4
3.8
4.4
4.2
1.3
1.8
5.5
..
2.2
4.0
1.8
3.9
-0.5
3.7
3.0
-4.6
2.8
2.1
1.5
3.0
2.3
3.5
3.4
2.2
a. Provisional.
12
Table
2.6
Current prices
($ millions)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
260,972
185,402
120,233
..
1,402
1,014
1,924
922
5,618
..
800
1,038
124
14,102
1,544
9,680
..
..
..
3,856
237
4,426
..
105
7,043
695
930
4,024
1,138
1,768
682
1,113
3,550
1,818
2,476
61,079
1,165
..
3,403
142
1,071
603
77,378
7,570
..
..
1,096
1,237
3,594
6,530
103,562
41,147
..
21,453
..
18,402
8,450
369,500
283,962
176,347
150,842
8,214
1,806
3,686
3,094
1,117
10,674
309
1,465
1,721
249
8,579
2,324
9,209
124
..
12,016
5,336
291
5,774
2,518
233
8,224
902
..
2,958
1,837
2,405
961
2,631
2,320
2,388
2,423
25,585
2,572
..
5,520
355
580
835
107,746
11,409
1,174
4,072
1,598
4,227
3,008
8,512
160,577
59,955
..
42,025
..
24,835
11,882
448,083
529,160
314,219
235,859
17,295
4,006
9,089
5,102
919
15,374
906
1,268
3,720
360
6,220
3,159
14,763
2,312
1,094
9,990
5,987
544
8,674
3,391
512
15,955
1,544
308
4,285
2,582
4,679
1,899
6,372
5,398
6,689
3,039
78,110
2,055
..
7,938
666
1,034
..
214,782
19,991
2,423
12,775
1,904
7,818
5,098
5,522
293,833
81,414
731
78,638
33,139
55,961
29,935
825,220
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
614,359 722,408
827,628
944,668 907,409 1,057,639
372,086 466,485
551,236
679,974 630,840
701,347
272,875 324,716
396,646
484,618
476,342
522,707
24,203
35,612
52,850
70,460
68,669
74,299
4,259
4,623
5,428
6,672
6,618
6,576
9,420
10,483
11,641
12,811
11,496
14,699
5,420
5,842
6,754
8,348
8,343
8,819
1,135
1,246
1,325
1,625
1,821
2,033
16,126
17,706
20,606
23,407
22,051
22,250
938
1,063
1,300
1,515
1,557
1,586
1,348
1,473
1,686
1,961
1,974
1,981
4,277
4,888
5,817
6,687
6,678
7,850
386
404
467
530
535
539
6,684
8,354
9,380
10,345
10,418
12,199
4,032
5,105
5,774
8,768
6,979
9,024
15,643
16,589
18,913
22,434
22,031
21,925
4,173
5,223
6,678
11,471
9,085
9,338
1,089
1,202
1,311
1,368
1,839
2,097
12,271
15,126
19,567
26,662
31,922
29,576
7,708
8,187
10,082
12,673
9,862
11,424
593
619
786
991
940
1,011
10,590
17,422
21,392
25,362
25,881
31,643
2,647
2,501
3,814
3,340
3,710
4,297
561
573
687
833
824
834
18,732
22,433
27,093
30,473
30,543
32,040
1,870
1,872
2,025
2,156
2,259
2,711
394
452
585
691
735
809
4,960
5,435
7,288
9,344
8,397
8,628
2,714
3,078
3,437
4,050
4,656
4,928
5,099
5,524
7,146
8,425
8,508
9,003
2,249
2,963
3,348
3,616
3,079
3,545
6,276
6,559
8,016
9,714
8,785
9,833
6,219
6,472
7,445
9,263
9,430
9,127
7,149
7,929
8,629
8,622
8,849
10,709
3,397
3,645
4,290
5,351
5,220
5,379
98,881 141,275
154,068
194,690 154,005
178,059
2,554
3,083
3,721
4,676
5,216
5,580
112
127
149
185
198
203
8,559
9,290
11,224
13,339
12,591
12,722
877
976
955
894
795
896
1,176
1,364
1,629
1,916
1,856
1,910
..
..
..
..
..
..
242,122 255,872
276,404
264,928
276,697
356,294
26,052
34,081
42,631
53,132
50,018
60,403
2,762
2,962
3,095
3,015
2,827
3,472
13,836
14,154
16,666
20,481
21,186
22,772
2,080
2,165
2,493
3,148
3,137
3,150
8,966
9,728
11,687
14,160
15,517
16,865
6,586
9,534
10,055
13,241
11,442
14,300
5,479
5,131
4,928
4,191
5,636
7,278
336,649 395,458
474,451
586,231
547,759
598,050
97,259 112,669
134,004
169,689
139,577
155,538
776
854
936
1,073
1,120
..
89,432 108,015
131,655
164,178
189,146
214,530
43,719
57,559
74,070
93,533
61,985
..
58,760
64,703
74,246
87,411
88,520
88,576
30,645
32,796
36,911
42,387
41,285
41,982
953,712 1,121,058 1,305,162 1,533,224 1,457,811 1,663,007
0.9
-1.0
2.8
..
2.1
11.2
4.8
1.9
9.0
18.8
7.8
5.5
7.9
-6.9
1.9
1.3
..
..
5.8
-0.1
1.6
2.9
..
3.4
2.6
-0.2
-3.2
-6.0
2.2
2.8
3.2
9.1
-5.6
0.2
0.1
-12.5
8.5
..
6.1
8.9
-4.8
5.5
4.2
9.7
..
..
4.6
20.7
-4.1
-0.2
4.9
4.5
..
7.5
..
3.3
2.0
2.1
1.8
1.5
1.1
-2.4
3.7
4.2
0.0
-3.4
-2.5
6.8
-4.3
-1.3
-2.0
-7.0
-5.2
3.3
16.9
7.3
-5.8
-1.9
7.1
2.6
3.3
-0.7
8.3
1.5
..
3.8
0.2
0.1
2.7
5.8
8.6
4.5
-1.7
3.7
-2.0
..
-1.6
5.9
1.5
..
2.2
1.9
4.6
10.6
-0.1
9.1
0.8
-1.7
5.5
-1.3
1.3
11.2
..
5.3
7.4
3.0
14.5
15.8
14.9
31.4
12.7
11.0
13.9
10.5
10.8
13.1
9.0
20.1
11.1
12.2
18.0
9.8
33.8
12.6
17.5
12.7
5.4
23.2
3.0
18.2
11.8
12.7
8.4
9.3
11.1
15.5
12.8
8.9
11.0
11.2
12.9
18.7
15.1
13.9
12.5
5.0
12.3
..
12.0
20.5
10.2
9.2
10.9
12.6
18.6
-1.1
11.5
14.1
8.4
9.0
22.8
10.9
8.5
13.3
a. Provisional.
13
Table
2.7
Current prices
($ millions)
1980
1990
2004
299,653
180,486
155,042
7,700
1,723
3,505
2,923
1,187
11,128
303
1,384
1,591
234
8,370
2,184
9,253
124
..
12,200
4,577
292
5,846
2,588
219
8,848
879
..
2,785
1,723
2,270
984
2,579
2,338
2,429
2,368
25,519
2,546
..
5,334
351
802
959
119,305
13,641
1,067
4,836
1,516
5,638
3,491
9,014
162,067
61,136
..
42,479
..
24,776
11,648
466,087
464,248
295,562
221,626
14,637
3,708
7,990
4,634
902
14,183
838
1,187
3,254
326
6,344
2,687
13,655
1,928
894
9,954
5,357
590
8,144
3,423
359
16,077
1,213
276
5,184
2,813
4,365
1,810
6,157
5,185
..
2,812
73,419
2,036
..
7,370
680
1,086
..
169,045
18,105
1,876
13,313
1,807
7,537
4,648
5,417
283,763
73,987
754
90,591
28,214
53,196
29,106
747,924
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
582,188
686,195 782,645
900,718
952,737 1,014,422
353,255
424,704
504,622
615,609
670,550
710,604
264,952
304,185
361,608
437,395
490,592
523,557
20,870
30,332
45,315
59,978
71,970
75,621
4,316
4,605
5,091
6,063
6,729
6,918
9,508
10,640
11,474
12,610
12,429
13,543
5,591
6,130
6,475
7,497
8,302
9,132
1,009
1,174
1,330
1,507
1,683
1,906
16,295
17,781
19,486
21,733
23,168
23,429
982
1,091
1,240
1,419
1,562
1,627
1,358
1,469
1,597
1,789
1,963
2,058
4,219
4,625
5,212
5,846
7,149
7,987
390
411
435
483
531
550
6,851
7,835
8,799
9,849
10,871
11,907
3,451
4,414
5,239
7,177
7,806
9,071
15,691
16,519
17,769
20,267
22,358
23,005
3,170
4,346
6,239
9,544
11,382
9,612
1,101
1,184
1,245
1,252
1,500
1,792
12,197
14,297
17,647
22,781
28,571
32,342
7,009
7,663
9,209
10,876
11,259
11,567
585
622
723
871
991
1,057
10,019
11,436
16,044
24,088
28,394
30,485
3,828
3,130
3,085
3,347
3,750
3,900
563
592
645
730
824
875
18,609
20,944
24,678
28,331
30,890
32,736
1,744
1,908
2,001
2,238
2,314
2,395
380
459
579
684
791
832
5,377
5,352
6,359
7,906
8,431
8,820
2,828
3,093
3,382
3,907
4,466
4,872
5,195
5,546
6,534
7,457
8,413
9,207
2,186
2,703
3,095
3,570
3,468
3,465
6,658
6,935
7,630
8,658
9,257
9,960
6,152
6,590
7,383
8,566
9,772
10,212
6,864
7,966
8,566
8,971
9,100
9,695
3,347
3,703
4,044
4,819
5,163
5,640
87,688
119,713
142,057
177,029
178,734
185,766
2,469
2,895
3,402
4,258
4,910
5,524
113
127
144
167
189
207
8,680
9,325
10,367
12,045
12,962
13,452
814
943
1,041
983
907
905
1,200
1,341
1,543
1,789
1,946
2,011
..
..
..
..
..
..
228,949
261,553
278,199
285,495
282,696
304,343
23,263
29,761
37,359
47,056
52,137
56,656
2,644
2,860
3,089
3,194
3,008
3,088
14,411
15,174
16,463
18,766
21,197
23,225
2,024
2,207
2,385
2,732
3,079
3,287
8,539
10,043
11,405
13,198
15,183
16,651
5,695
7,249
9,088
12,066
12,573
13,816
5,523
5,349
5,090
4,293
4,964
6,082
321,566
366,898
425,783
507,709 553,825
587,597
89,352
104,118
122,784
146,530
156,113
155,683
803
864
925
1,029
1,105
..
92,773
101,664
120,047
146,926
172,125
196,217
37,263
49,547
63,050
77,909
77,140
..
60,348
66,313
70,674
80,889
89,096
92,583
32,058
34,159
36,428
40,266
42,799
43,709
903,925 1,053,488 1,208,762 1,408,530 1,506,403 1,602,083
1.0
-1.0
2.3
..
1.1
9.8
3.4
3.6
8.5
18.0
6.9
4.4
10.5
-8.4
2.2
0.8
..
..
8.9
0.3
0.7
4.0
..
3.4
2.4
0.9
-3.6
-4.3
2.0
1.3
3.2
7.7
-2.2
1.9
-0.3
-10.9
8.2
..
4.9
9.5
-6.6
5.9
4.5
9.8
..
..
3.2
24.5
-6.1
0.1
5.8
6.3
..
8.6
..
1.9
2.0
2.5
1.5
0.9
0.6
-2.3
3.2
4.4
-1.1
-4.1
-2.2
7.3
-4.1
-1.2
-1.7
-6.3
-5.8
2.9
15.5
4.2
-5.5
-1.4
10.8
1.9
4.2
-1.1
5.7
2.4
..
4.1
0.7
0.7
3.8
6.3
6.6
4.7
-2.4
2.7
-3.5
..
-1.6
5.9
0.1
..
2.3
-0.2
6.0
7.2
-0.3
5.6
-0.2
-2.2
4.3
-2.5
0.6
9.5
..
4.7
7.2
2.4
14.4
16.0
14.5
33.2
12.8
10.9
13.7
9.3
10.9
12.4
8.7
20.1
11.2
12.2
19.0
9.7
36.2
10.8
16.2
13.5
3.5
20.7
1.5
19.1
11.3
11.9
7.5
9.2
11.7
15.3
12.6
8.9
10.6
11.4
12.8
21.0
12.7
13.4
12.3
6.3
12.1
..
11.4
20.2
9.8
8.9
10.3
11.5
18.4
-1.9
10.7
14.4
8.5
7.1
20.7
10.6
8.4
12.9
a. Provisional.
14
Table
2.8
Current prices
($)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
663
533
461
..
400
1,000
280
220
600
..
350
240
..
630
820
1,100
..
..
..
4,890
390
430
..
140
460
450
510
470
190
240
480
1,250
..
..
420
740
250
..
640
2,080
390
100
2,510
450
..
..
430
..
630
920
1,093
2,060
..
480
..
950
1,360
756
591
383
415
740
360
2,540
310
210
910
870
470
260
530
230
910
740
330
..
250
4,930
300
400
450
220
380
540
..
250
180
260
490
2,440
170
1,720
300
260
360
..
740
5,020
200
150
3,390
510
1,240
200
410
320
440
860
1,351
2,420
..
750
..
990
1,430
744
637
433
406
920
500
4,310
340
130
830
1,800
300
340
520
110
780
770
3,270
210
140
3,990
400
390
390
270
460
590
90
300
230
340
610
4,990
260
..
220
540
230
..
700
8,240
220
..
3,620
480
1,850
360
340
270
420
430
1,871
2,280
950
1,240
4,990
1,740
2,930
849
779
505
473
1,270
570
5,070
390
140
930
2,080
340
430
610
120
980
870
5,220
250
160
5,110
390
460
420
410
520
840
120
300
220
390
720
5,360
300
3,300
260
630
270
740
800
9,820
230
..
4,850
610
2,600
380
370
300
500
440
2,087
2,720
990
1,250
6,460
1,960
3,200
1,003
896
591
529
1,780
590
5,600
420
160
990
2,280
360
460
620
130
1,220
900
6,940
250
190
5,480
400
520
340
420
570
910
140
290
230
410
860
5,540
310
3,760
280
840
310
820
830
11,150
250
..
5,480
760
2,810
390
400
340
620
430
2,344
3,120
1,050
1,350
8,410
2,130
3,370
1,142
997
685
613
2,590
630
5,950
430
170
1,060
2,570
380
500
640
140
1,400
950
9,690
260
230
6,470
450
710
330
450
660
950
170
340
250
470
960
6,050
340
3,970
290
970
350
920
900
12,240
280
..
5,760
930
3,030
410
420
380
750
410
2,679
3,620
1,100
1,560
10,470
2,240
3,560
1,281
1,120
815
724
3,330
730
6,450
480
190
1,160
2,910
420
550
690
160
1,870
1,070
14,410
250
290
7,500
530
1,040
350
500
740
1,050
190
400
280
520
1,080
6,830
380
4,080
330
1,170
430
1,050
1,020
11,300
320
..
5,850
1,140
3,100
460
470
420
970
340
3,146
4,260
1,200
1,880
12,670
2,540
3,900
1,459
1,157
866
792
3,880
780
6,270
520
210
1,210
3,180
450
650
740
170
1,980
1,160
16,710
290
350
7,620
590
1,190
380
550
780
1,080
210
420
310
560
1,030
7,260
430
4,060
340
1,160
480
1,170
1,070
10,390
340
..
5,730
1,230
2,880
500
520
470
990
400
3,380
4,470
1,270
2,160
12,320
2,770
4,100
1,525
1,202
895
824
3,960
780
6,750
550
230
1,200
3,280
470
710
750
180
2,240
1,170
13,720
340
390
7,680
610
1,250
390
580
810
1,100
210
430
330
600
1,000
7,780
440
4,250
360
1,170
520
1,250
1,080
10,460
340
..
6,090
1,300
2,930
530
550
500
1,070
480
3,533
4,390
..
2,420
..
2,850
4,140
1,586
-1.9
-3.8
-0.7
..
-1.7
6.3
0.8
0.1
5.4
16.8
4.1
1.5
7.3
-11.0
-0.7
-3.1
..
..
5.5
-2.7
-3.6
0.7
..
1.3
-1.3
-1.3
-4.9
-6.8
-2.5
-0.5
0.5
6.7
-2.7
-1.8
-3.0
-13.1
4.4
..
1.9
8.6
-8.7
6.0
1.9
6.8
..
..
-0.2
19.7
-9.0
-3.6
3.1
3.2
..
6.1
..
-0.6
-0.6
-0.4
-1.2
-1.7
-2.1
-5.1
0.0
1.8
-3.9
-4.9
-4.6
4.8
-6.4
-4.3
-4.0
-9.4
-8.3
0.0
11.8
1.8
-8.1
-4.2
7.7
-0.8
0.0
-3.4
2.8
0.5
..
1.0
-0.7
-1.9
1.0
5.1
3.5
1.7
-5.6
0.3
-3.7
..
-4.3
4.3
0.3
..
0.1
-2.6
4.1
4.0
-3.0
2.2
-2.7
-4.0
2.5
-4.4
-1.9
7.6
..
3.1
5.5
-0.1
11.6
13.1
11.7
29.2
9.4
9.4
10.4
6.4
8.5
11.0
6.8
16.5
8.3
8.6
16.0
7.8
32.2
6.6
13.3
11.3
0.5
17.7
-0.3
16.6
8.4
10.9
4.0
6.0
8.6
11.7
9.5
8.0
7.8
9.3
8.7
18.0
9.9
11.5
9.3
5.5
8.0
..
10.0
17.4
9.4
5.8
7.8
8.0
15.5
-1.9
9.0
12.7
6.4
5.2
18.2
9.4
7.4
10.4
a. Provisional.
15
Table
2.9
Index
(2000 = 100)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
119.6
146.1
125.6
..
129.6
92.3
175.2
139.6
106.3
..
108.4
155.4
91.1
205.2
97.7
131.7
..
..
..
119.1
60.4
168.4
..
96.6
102.7
114.5
65.1
130.4
123.8
116.4
85.9
74.8
143.2
94.6
164.7
204.1
85.0
..
130.6
50.5
118.5
..
84.5
137.9
115.4
..
121.0
..
142.3
182.8
92.9
120.0
..
59.5
..
93.7
91.6
110.4
110.0
116.3
126.0
121.2
130.7
117.4
199.4
111.1
126.8
109.6
182.6
157.2
138.2
122.1
100.1
130.1
63.7
..
193.8
138.5
55.7
180.2
127.7
131.1
81.5
107.2
94.1
94.4
151.3
148.5
104.8
97.3
98.6
90.7
164.6
81.4
154.5
..
165.1
93.3
64.0
..
101.0
175.7
97.9
56.4
156.2
130.7
108.6
156.2
95.8
133.8
68.5
65.8
..
88.1
90.7
104.0
137.3
133.3
128.3
159.7
152.7
140.3
155.0
97.5
133.5
140.5
142.3
171.6
163.2
132.3
127.5
150.5
137.4
141.9
100.6
133.9
62.8
147.6
102.3
256.6
112.3
147.3
86.0
105.2
140.0
157.0
123.2
121.4
96.3
136.2
146.0
149.6
91.1
..
143.9
125.8
97.4
..
143.8
143.7
146.6
96.2
143.3
98.6
140.0
120.1
98.7
128.4
107.7
69.4
88.4
124.2
121.9
121.1
151.0
149.2
139.5
192.8
157.2
140.9
152.5
120.1
137.2
138.7
147.7
175.7
167.2
135.6
154.8
157.1
196.3
137.0
110.1
156.9
68.9
168.5
59.5
271.8
123.5
159.0
91.2
116.1
143.2
161.1
134.7
118.0
101.5
146.0
155.8
181.3
103.0
..
147.9
153.4
102.8
..
154.1
170.7
152.7
98.8
154.6
107.8
175.4
126.3
108.0
147.1
111.1
75.5
106.0
126.1
121.3
133.1
165.8
172.6
157.5
236.4
166.8
147.1
152.9
126.2
143.9
143.6
155.7
201.7
172.0
157.6
185.3
165.6
226.5
152.6
122.5
170.8
69.9
301.1
55.7
268.7
139.5
159.2
92.5
121.0
150.4
169.1
157.7
117.5
102.9
149.9
157.7
223.4
113.7
..
155.2
156.1
109.9
..
154.1
203.8
168.7
93.8
154.8
105.1
246.1
123.7
118.8
165.1
115.0
84.7
128.5
129.0
122.3
146.3
180.4
192.0
178.7
278.9
186.8
154.4
170.5
128.4
160.2
158.8
172.4
231.6
197.4
168.3
204.4
185.6
244.3
163.7
141.7
196.2
82.3
341.7
81.7
310.9
157.8
169.9
97.9
151.7
157.7
197.5
171.3
132.9
108.6
157.0
179.5
237.1
129.4
..
178.7
142.3
120.8
..
160.1
236.6
168.8
102.8
173.3
115.8
250.0
124.8
133.9
185.8
120.6
96.0
154.1
144.0
130.3
161.2
196.5
223.9
207.5
341.2
214.1
162.8
199.2
150.2
178.6
175.4
197.6
276.9
222.9
184.8
273.5
214.5
323.3
190.0
174.2
240.7
96.4
365.0
69.9
369.3
174.1
164.1
101.9
181.1
171.5
230.0
176.8
155.9
125.2
152.4
206.6
279.2
146.7
..
203.8
135.8
134.5
..
147.9
276.2
163.1
117.7
212.2
129.1
300.0
126.5
157.8
228.5
132.1
111.8
192.6
161.1
143.7
180.5
181.7
195.8
190.6
298.8
203.3
146.8
193.5
162.6
163.7
173.3
194.0
237.6
221.1
172.5
205.9
203.4
203.0
246.1
192.1
183.9
85.7
319.6
77.3
353.4
170.0
167.9
93.2
171.5
182.5
225.8
151.1
138.5
115.2
154.7
204.0
212.4
157.1
..
190.4
118.1
123.8
..
155.2
250.1
157.4
114.6
205.1
131.8
246.6
157.8
142.2
180.2
134.4
124.0
126.3
157.3
135.2
165.2
202.9
207.5
200.4
315.7
196.5
177.3
189.6
174.9
160.7
170.8
188.3
253.5
218.9
188.3
237.0
197.5
242.5
274.5
162.3
208.1
86.3
366.5
86.2
341.8
169.6
202.5
94.9
173.5
183.2
224.3
171.5
146.4
102.6
180.9
194.5
230.0
156.9
..
184.1
126.7
121.3
..
193.7
293.6
193.4
114.8
199.0
135.4
289.8
185.4
152.5
204.6
..
136.6
..
151.6
133.4
182.2
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
105.7
119.2
115.8
95.2
103.3
81.4
147.1
130.1
102.4
80.0
117.3
120.8
89.0
132.9
83.5
108.1
54.3
..
166.9
96.3
48.5
176.5
117.0
105.0
85.9
95.1
75.0
107.7
118.0
108.1
90.7
71.7
157.3
78.9
137.0
127.0
111.6
..
119.9
64.8
98.2
..
88.1
195.6
86.8
68.9
109.1
152.8
110.8
163.2
90.6
128.0
..
62.3
..
72.5
80.1
99.9
109.0
104.7
113.2
91.5
115.9
113.9
135.0
104.5
125.2
126.5
142.8
129.0
124.6
126.4
80.5
122.6
64.8
98.6
150.9
104.2
113.4
165.6
136.2
116.2
86.2
120.3
107.2
101.0
132.4
131.8
122.8
106.4
92.8
96.9
126.8
75.6
123.4
..
135.6
102.7
98.6
..
115.4
121.9
110.6
71.7
134.3
106.6
110.9
122.9
92.3
100.6
84.7
76.0
93.3
98.7
103.5
102.0
147.4
154.1
146.9
204.5
157.2
135.3
151.2
120.9
135.3
139.2
148.8
183.6
166.3
145.5
159.8
156.7
177.6
154.0
125.4
153.8
78.8
223.7
83.0
245.9
132.2
141.4
88.3
135.6
147.9
165.8
135.9
121.7
100.4
138.1
153.2
178.6
113.8
..
149.2
127.2
110.0
..
135.4
182.2
139.2
102.0
153.7
107.7
189.0
125.3
116.9
149.4
112.9
95.6
111.2
127.3
120.1
134.7
a. Provisional.
16
Table
2.10
Index
(2005 = 100)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
8.9
9.3
10.0
..
..
9.3
39.6
8.3
25.1
..
45.5
..
..
0.0
..
28.8
..
..
25.8
41.6
8.4
0.1
..
..
5.0
10.8
..
2.6
0.7
..
..
18.6
..
..
47.9
0.7
12.4
..
35.2
51.7
..
..
8.5
0.0
7.7
0.9
32.2
0.1
..
0.0
31.5
7.5
92.3
7.0
34.6
31.5
..
9.3
35.5
37.8
38.1
0.0
..
25.3
56.6
17.1
54.8
58.2
61.5
50.8
..
0.0
45.6
47.5
38.4
..
39.7
73.3
41.5
4.1
..
5.4
15.6
37.8
..
13.1
3.3
61.6
39.4
40.9
4.4
..
59.1
3.9
19.0
..
62.1
69.6
..
..
33.2
0.4
29.5
12.8
46.2
32.3
0.4
0.0
56.6
19.0
..
33.2
72.6
63.4
56.6
37.8
93.5
93.3
93.5
81.3
94.9
92.1
94.0
88.1
98.0
99.6
97.2
92.7
97.1
82.4
97.0
96.3
94.7
..
89.6
96.4
95.4
86.9
76.1
96.8
90.7
96.7
90.2
84.4
86.7
94.0
89.2
95.3
93.3
97.8
92.8
84.8
91.7
85.3
98.3
99.1
..
..
96.7
92.2
95.4
95.2
93.6
92.2
84.5
24.9
97.7
98.6
97.0
95.4
97.4
99.0
98.0
94.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
..
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
..
..
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
106.5
106.6
106.5
113.3
103.8
111.6
102.3
102.8
105.1
105.4
106.7
108.0
103.4
113.1
106.5
102.5
104.4
..
112.3
98.6
102.1
110.9
134.7
102.0
114.5
106.1
107.3
110.8
114.0
101.5
106.2
108.9
113.2
105.1
100.0
108.2
108.9
124.6
102.1
99.7
100.0
..
104.6
107.2
105.3
107.3
102.2
107.3
109.0
1,196.7
103.4
102.3
103.5
107.6
101.5
103.3
104.5
106.1
113.0
113.8
113.0
127.2
105.1
119.5
102.1
111.4
106.1
110.0
107.7
98.3
108.0
132.2
109.4
104.4
107.3
..
131.7
103.6
107.5
122.8
165.5
106.7
125.6
114.6
119.6
122.2
123.0
103.0
114.0
118.5
122.5
112.1
100.1
114.1
118.8
158.9
108.1
105.0
111.7
..
112.1
115.8
113.8
114.8
103.2
113.9
120.6
..
107.9
106.1
108.6
117.7
107.8
105.4
108.1
111.9
127.1
127.3
127.2
143.1
113.5
134.6
113.0
138.2
111.8
117.5
117.7
108.5
109.8
155.1
117.4
111.0
114.4
..
190.1
109.0
112.3
143.1
195.9
117.8
158.6
126.9
140.5
133.5
133.8
112.4
122.3
130.1
135.1
123.7
111.4
127.3
137.1
198.3
114.3
143.8
128.2
..
125.0
132.3
128.2
126.6
112.2
127.6
135.7
..
116.2
111.2
121.6
139.2
119.0
109.3
113.4
125.8
135.9
136.9
135.9
162.7
115.9
145.4
115.9
153.4
115.2
118.6
121.8
119.3
114.6
..
123.6
112.1
119.7
..
206.2
111.1
117.4
170.7
205.1
115.9
173.2
135.9
150.9
145.4
145.0
114.9
125.0
133.4
139.5
134.6
116.2
142.0
151.3
230.3
113.1
189.4
140.1
..
133.9
147.2
137.8
142.0
114.4
144.2
153.8
..
119.8
117.6
123.7
155.6
121.9
110.4
117.4
133.9
140.7
140.8
140.7
186.2
118.6
155.5
115.0
163.2
116.6
121.1
123.6
116.8
118.5
..
129.8
114.0
129.1
..
223.0
112.7
123.4
188.9
236.8
118.8
180.1
140.8
..
158.9
155.8
116.2
132.9
137.2
157.3
140.6
117.1
161.4
154.8
259.9
114.5
184.8
163.4
..
139.6
166.3
144.0
150.8
116.5
150.0
166.9
..
123.7
122.2
128.5
173.1
124.9
111.5
122.6
138.4
19.0
20.0
21.0
..
..
15.4
51.8
12.0
41.8
45.1
58.3
50.5
..
0.0
44.2
38.5
39.6
..
31.8
59.8
19.4
1.2
..
2.6
8.7
20.4
..
6.6
1.5
61.2
31.9
27.1
1.7
..
62.5
1.5
16.1
..
53.3
61.2
..
..
16.8
0.1
15.5
3.8
43.4
4.7
0.1
0.0
43.3
11.6
102.5
14.7
52.8
47.2
43.2
20.6
54.1
54.2
54.9
0.2
68.6
43.8
71.4
32.0
71.1
77.1
74.8
67.3
..
0.3
63.5
65.7
52.0
..
64.5
78.8
53.9
14.7
..
42.0
41.0
58.8
..
31.7
14.4
75.1
53.8
56.5
27.6
..
70.3
22.9
46.4
39.0
77.4
74.8
..
..
54.3
22.8
46.2
40.6
66.4
59.8
12.0
0.1
72.3
54.9
..
57.5
104.3
80.4
72.3
56.2
104.5
104.3
104.5
92.6
101.5
105.9
100.5
105.1
103.0
106.2
104.7
101.8
100.2
88.6
105.1
100.1
99.6
..
124.1
100.7
94.7
104.9
159.1
103.9
112.6
103.2
103.8
102.7
101.7
101.8
99.3
105.7
103.3
110.6
100.4
98.4
106.1
128.8
103.2
117.2
128.7
..
105.3
106.1
104.7
106.7
100.8
106.2
99.0
190.0
103.2
101.8
104.6
110.4
110.1
101.8
102.6
104.4
a. Provisional.
17
Table
2.11
Annual growth
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
..
..
..
13.6
12.2
2.5
9.6
..
..
..
..
46.6
..
14.7
..
..
4.5
12.3
6.8
50.1
..
..
13.9
16.3
..
18.2
..
..
..
42.0
..
..
10.3
10.0
7.3
..
8.7
13.6
..
..
13.7
25.4
18.7
30.2
12.3
..
..
5.4
..
9.5
12.1
20.8
9.7
9.4
..
..
..
..
..
11.4
-0.5
7.0
1.1
10.7
0.0
-0.7
..
81.3
2.9
-0.8
0.9
..
5.2
7.7
12.2
37.3
..
33.0
17.8
11.6
..
11.8
11.8
0.6
6.6
13.5
47.0
..
-0.8
7.4
4.2
..
0.3
3.9
..
..
14.3
65.2
13.1
35.8
1.0
33.1
107.0
17.4
..
16.7
..
16.8
8.5
6.8
6.6
..
..
43.5
0.9
7.0
-0.4
7.9
0.2
-1.9
-2.1
-5.4
4.5
4.0
2.4
1.4
4.2
..
3.3
0.4
14.2
12.6
..
0.9
11.6
5.0
7.8
13.8
11.4
-3.1
10.4
4.7
12.7
4.2
0.3
15.0
12.3
15.2
0.5
3.9
..
..
1.4
8.4
3.5
4.7
0.4
3.7
18.0
282.4
..
4.0
3.1
11.3
-2.2
1.5
3.6
..
..
23.0
5.4
8.6
6.4
13.5
2.0
0.4
2.9
7.9
3.0
21.3
3.1
3.9
5.6
..
11.6
3.7
4.8
15.1
31.4
3.3
10.3
3.4
10.8
18.5
15.4
6.4
12.1
4.9
7.2
2.3
7.8
17.9
9.0
17.2
1.7
0.9
..
..
3.4
8.5
4.8
5.0
6.8
8.5
18.3
302.1
..
1.4
3.1
4.9
2.7
1.0
2.0
..
..
13.3
3.8
11.6
2.3
2.8
5.1
5.4
6.7
8.0
3.4
13.1
6.5
2.5
4.4
..
12.3
-1.4
2.1
10.9
34.7
2.0
14.5
6.1
7.3
10.8
14.0
1.5
6.2
8.9
13.2
5.1
0.0
8.2
8.9
24.6
2.1
-0.4
..
..
4.6
7.2
5.3
7.3
2.2
7.3
9.0
1,096.7
..
2.3
3.5
7.6
1.5
3.3
4.5
..
..
12.3
1.3
7.1
-0.2
8.3
0.9
4.4
0.9
-9.0
4.5
17.0
2.7
1.9
2.8
..
17.2
5.0
5.4
10.7
22.8
4.6
9.8
8.0
11.4
10.3
8.0
1.4
7.3
8.8
8.2
6.7
0.1
5.4
9.1
27.6
5.9
5.3
11.7
..
7.1
8.0
8.1
7.0
1.0
6.1
10.7
..
..
3.7
5.0
9.3
6.3
2.0
3.4
..
..
12.5
8.0
12.7
10.7
24.1
5.3
6.8
9.3
10.3
1.7
17.3
7.3
6.3
6.6
..
44.4
5.3
4.5
16.5
18.4
10.5
26.2
10.7
17.5
9.2
8.7
9.2
7.4
9.7
10.3
10.4
11.3
11.6
15.4
24.8
5.8
37.0
14.8
..
11.5
14.3
12.7
10.3
8.7
12.1
12.5
..
..
4.9
12.0
18.3
10.4
3.7
4.9
..
2009
..
13.7
2.2
8.0
2.6
11.0
3.0
1.0
3.5
10.0
4.4
..
5.3
1.0
4.7
..
8.5
1.9
4.6
19.3
4.7
-1.7
9.2
7.2
7.4
9.0
8.4
2.2
2.2
2.6
3.3
8.8
4.3
11.5
10.4
16.1
-1.1
31.8
9.3
..
7.1
11.3
7.5
12.1
2.0
13.0
13.4
..
..
5.7
1.7
11.8
2.5
1.0
3.5
..
2010a
..
14.5
2.3
7.0
-0.8
6.4
1.3
2.1
1.5
-2.1
3.4
..
5.0
1.7
7.8
..
8.1
1.5
5.1
10.7
15.5
2.5
4.0
3.6
..
9.3
7.4
1.1
6.3
2.9
12.7
4.5
0.8
13.7
2.3
12.9
1.3
-2.4
16.6
..
4.3
13.0
4.5
6.2
1.8
4.0
8.5
..
..
3.9
4.0
11.3
2.5
1.0
4.4
..
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
..
..
..
10.8
5.0
7.2
9.1
6.7
3.7
3.0
..
57.0
1.0
6.8
-5.5
..
4.6
6.5
17.5
48.3
..
70.5
11.8
13.9
..
18.6
16.8
-0.1
7.5
11.2
45.1
..
3.6
20.9
4.7
..
6.9
4.1
..
..
14.6
36.2
15.0
30.1
5.0
111.2
69.3
12.8
..
9.0
5.3
17.4
7.9
7.6
7.6
..
..
1,122.5
9.7
10.8
4.5
13.5
5.6
6.4
3.9
5.5
..
3,367.2
8.5
6.0
6.6
..
8.0
3.7
5.4
27.6
..
37.5
17.4
12.4
..
17.3
31.0
4.2
6.4
7.6
34.5
..
4.3
30.6
8.6
38.0
4.5
2.0
..
..
9.9
80.4
9.5
23.1
7.1
13.0
76.2
28.6
..
18.6
..
10.5
6.7
4.4
4.9
..
..
74.3
3.3
8.6
2.7
10.6
2.5
2.0
3.3
3.6
3.8
110.1
3.2
2.9
5.9
..
10.7
1.9
6.5
17.8
21.2
3.1
10.3
7.4
10.9
10.4
13.6
2.5
6.3
5.7
10.9
6.1
3.0
12.4
7.6
16.0
2.0
8.3
13.1
..
6.0
9.1
7.6
6.8
2.8
6.2
16.5
340.8
..
3.3
3.7
7.9
0.0
1.8
3.4
..
a. Provisional.
18
Table
2.12
Price indices
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
4.2
4.2
4.2
-7.4
0.1
-5.5
2.4
12.3
-3.4
4.2
3.5
-9.6
4.6
35.1
-20.6
0.0
-33.8
29.5
24.2
-19.4
6.7
16.6
6.8
1.1
9.2
5.0
-1.2
8.4
6.9
3.5
-5.9
-0.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
-4.5
11.3
13.6
-1.5
25.2
5.2
..
7.7
-0.3
-1.0
7.4
1.9
14.6
10.7
24.7
1.6
-11.3
1.7
11.2
-32.8
1.5
3.1
3.8
7.0
6.9
6.7
22.4
1.4
14.6
2.8
7.6
3.0
3.3
1.8
11.9
3.8
22.1
20.7
1.9
25.3
11.6
3.9
18.6
5.9
16.5
20.2
1.7
2.2
4.2
6.4
8.1
7.0
4.2
19.4
1.8
10.0
1.0
0.0
9.3
2.5
11.7
1.4
-4.9
14.4
..
7.9
17.6
6.2
6.9
1.8
9.5
11.7
17.5
7.4
16.3
..
10.1
..
0.7
4.6
7.0
9.4
9.4
9.2
1,178.8
7.4
9.6
3.2
11.9
5.6
7.1
3.8
6.4
3.5
3,658.0
6.9
7.5
12.8
6.2
7.2
6.8
16.6
25.8
8.6
36.7
16.1
10.6
380.9
18.1
29.9
6.1
11.2
7.0
36.7
9.4
4.5
29.2
14.3
..
4.9
1.9
46.0
215.5
11.0
73.9
12.7
23.7
6.6
17.8
70.1
(3.9)
6.0
21.6
4.0
10.3
..
4.6
5.7
8.5
6.7
6.8
6.6
79.9
3.2
8.5
2.4
13.8
2.1
0.7
2.8
6.0
4.2
98.3
10.0
2.9
11.1
17.1
10.1
6.5
6.3
26.7
11.5
10.9
5.9
7.4
4.2
10.2
18.7
4.7
7.2
5.3
8.8
8.6
3.2
15.7
8.1
14.4
2.5
10.1
8.6
..
7.6
10.2
7.7
7.3
2.8
6.8
17.5
6.1
5.1
9.2
3.3
8.0
16.0
1.6
3.4
6.4
2009
135.9
136.9
135.9
162.7
115.9
145.4
115.9
153.4
115.2
118.6
121.8
119.3
114.6
..
123.6
112.1
119.7
..
206.2
111.1
117.4
170.7
205.1
115.9
173.2
135.9
150.9
145.4
145.0
114.9
125.0
133.4
139.5
134.6
116.2
142.0
151.3
230.3
113.1
189.4
140.1
..
133.9
147.2
137.8
142.0
114.4
144.2
153.8
..
119.8
117.6
123.7
155.6
121.9
110.4
117.4
133.9
140.7
140.8
140.7
186.2
118.6
155.5
115.0
163.2
116.6
121.1
123.6
116.8
118.5
..
129.8
114.0
129.1
..
223.0
112.7
123.4
188.9
236.8
118.8
180.1
140.8
..
158.9
155.8
116.2
132.9
137.2
157.3
140.6
117.1
161.4
154.8
259.9
114.5
184.8
163.4
..
139.6
166.3
144.0
150.8
116.5
150.0
166.9
..
123.7
122.2
128.5
173.1
124.9
111.5
122.6
138.4
54.1
54.2
54.9
0.2
68.6
43.8
71.4
32.0
71.1
77.1
74.8
67.3
..
0.3
63.5
65.7
52.0
..
64.5
78.8
53.9
14.7
..
42.0
41.0
58.8
..
31.7
14.4
75.1
53.8
56.5
27.6
..
70.3
22.9
46.4
39.0
77.4
74.8
..
..
54.3
22.8
46.2
40.6
66.4
59.8
12.0
0.1
72.3
54.9
..
57.5
104.3
80.4
72.3
56.2
104.5
104.3
104.5
92.6
101.5
105.9
100.5
105.1
103.0
106.2
104.7
101.8
100.2
88.6
105.1
100.1
99.6
..
124.1
100.7
94.7
104.9
159.1
103.9
112.6
103.2
103.8
102.7
101.7
101.8
99.3
105.7
103.3
110.6
100.4
98.4
106.1
128.8
103.2
117.2
128.7
..
105.3
106.1
104.7
106.7
100.8
106.2
99.0
190.0
103.2
101.8
104.6
110.4
110.1
101.8
102.6
104.4
..
..
..
..
..
143.1
..
..
271.8
236.6
..
..
..
135.1
..
158.6
..
..
155.4
204.4
139.9
..
179.2
..
171.7
91.7
70.0
135.3
..
..
275.3
129.6
83.5
183.3
..
..
..
..
177.6
73.1
..
..
193.3
..
101.6
125.9
203.0
99.5
..
191.0
..
154.4
..
94.6
..
162.1
174.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
161.7
..
..
300.1
213.4
..
..
..
158.1
..
152.7
..
..
136.3
260.2
140.8
..
174.3
..
176.9
109.0
92.8
..
..
..
361.5
138.9
82.4
350.3
..
..
..
..
171.9
..
..
..
237.0
..
122.9
158.4
208.6
102.6
..
239.7
..
..
..
96.6
..
160.1
183.4
..
157.1
..
161.1
..
..
168.3
..
..
258.5
143.7
..
..
..
111.6
..
165.0
..
..
134.8
152.6
161.1
..
181.3
..
145.3
98.0
289.3
153.3
..
..
127.8
165.7
169.3
132.6
..
..
..
..
193.3
73.1
..
..
153.0
..
102.2
105.5
279.6
148.0
..
183.9
140.9
141.6
..
105.1
..
160.1
172.9
150.2
176.3
..
..
..
..
185.2
..
..
247.0
134.1
..
..
..
122.3
..
161.2
..
..
121.6
166.6
162.1
..
180.6
..
152.4
113.0
305.7
..
..
..
137.7
186.3
164.8
276.5
..
..
..
..
187.8
..
..
..
174.7
..
123.6
125.5
306.0
144.1
..
219.2
147.2
..
..
103.9
..
167.4
190.9
165.5
a. Provisional.
19
Table
2.13
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
25.3
11.7
11.7
..
-6.4
26.7
-7.2
-0.6
21.7
..
-8.9
..
-10.1
10.1
35.7
20.4
..
..
..
60.6
5.8
4.9
..
-1.0
18.1
-52.0
5.0
-1.4
10.8
1.1
-3.5
10.4
-8.9
38.4
14.6
..
4.2
..
2.1
27.1
0.9
-12.9
37.9
2.1
1.2
..
23.2
-0.4
19.3
13.8
22.8
43.1
..
15.2
..
14.9
24.0
24.2
17.2
11.9
11.9
29.7
2.2
42.6
5.4
-5.4
20.7
25.3
-0.6
-7.7
-3.2
9.4
23.8
11.3
-20.1
..
9.7
36.9
10.7
5.5
22.2
2.8
18.5
-49.1
..
5.6
13.4
6.4
4.9
23.0
-5.8
18.2
1.2
..
6.2
..
2.4
20.3
8.7
-12.5
23.2
8.2
5.3
1.3
14.7
0.6
16.6
17.5
20.7
27.1
-10.5
16.2
27.2
19.9
20.0
18.8
15.8
14.1
14.1
25.1
5.5
40.5
1.8
-7.5
18.5
1.9
0.0
24.5
-8.5
4.0
52.2
20.0
78.9
-35.1
8.8
54.6
9.7
7.3
18.4
..
10.7
-46.8
-34.6
8.5
0.0
8.6
6.3
22.1
7.7
16.8
3.9
..
1.4
..
7.9
14.7
-0.4
..
17.8
18.7
12.7
16.2
-4.8
10.1
19.9
-2.6
27.6
47.7
4.3
15.6
42.7
24.2
20.8
21.1
15.8
14.4
14.4
41.3
6.9
43.1
4.8
-12.1
18.1
7.2
0.1
35.1
-12.3
5.9
49.8
17.2
83.7
-29.0
2.6
58.4
5.1
3.7
18.3
..
9.5
-50.0
-39.1
4.9
-5.5
11.0
9.7
16.5
6.5
19.8
13.4
..
2.0
..
14.2
6.6
4.1
..
17.5
19.0
10.9
16.2
-2.3
11.7
21.7
-7.4
29.8
54.9
8.6
15.7
48.1
23.2
21.3
22.1
15.9
14.6
14.6
56.2
6.9
40.0
2.8
-14.5
18.9
10.5
1.4
36.4
-14.8
-0.6
40.2
19.6
86.1
-18.2
1.5
56.0
10.7
6.1
13.9
..
7.2
-44.9
-87.5
9.3
1.2
14.8
25.8
15.3
8.8
20.6
..
..
1.8
..
10.8
12.8
7.6
..
17.2
18.6
10.4
14.5
-1.1
8.1
31.4
-9.3
33.4
56.6
12.1
17.1
66.8
24.0
21.6
23.8
16.6
15.0
15.0
43.9
6.1
39.3
..
-17.9
18.5
12.0
1.5
20.5
-15.4
8.7
46.8
14.6
86.9
-18.4
4.2
55.3
5.7
3.8
9.7
..
8.1
-41.7
-61.9
10.6
14.4
13.0
18.5
17.6
6.3
22.4
..
..
3.5
..
8.6
-1.7
6.1
..
18.3
26.7
11.0
12.8
-1.9
8.8
30.2
-1.5
32.8
57.5
17.4
16.3
63.6
23.4
21.9
24.0
16.3
13.5
13.5
41.3
7.1
32.0
..
-16.6
..
13.2
-1.3
27.4
-20.1
8.6
46.5
17.9
73.1
..
0.4
59.0
-1.3
2.0
10.3
..
5.1
-36.9
-76.1
10.0
4.5
..
12.5
14.1
1.6
21.8
..
..
7.0
..
3.9
5.8
1.7
..
19.1
26.8
1.7
16.1
0.9
15.3
24.6
-21.5
33.7
56.7
..
16.8
67.8
24.7
22.9
24.4
15.1
11.5
11.5
14.7
10.8
21.5
..
-9.3
..
6.8
2.7
5.7
-21.1
15.3
42.7
19.4
58.8
..
4.1
44.6
2.9
9.9
16.6
..
6.9
-41.7
-55.8
9.0
9.0
..
13.9
11.9
2.2
14.3
..
..
4.2
..
9.3
14.5
2.3
..
18.7
19.4
-2.0
17.1
2.4
12.7
25.6
-29.8
25.0
51.2
..
12.6
..
24.7
21.9
19.3
16.8
..
14.4
32.0
12.3
22.5
..
-12.4
..
18.3
..
10.7
..
..
50.9
18.9
58.5
..
0.4
51.9
2.4
15.0
16.0
..
9.0
-42.1
-49.9
..
8.2
..
15.7
12.5
6.0
26.9
..
..
1.2
..
10.8
..
3.3
..
19.1
24.2
-2.3
17.2
2.4
13.3
31.5
-26.8
25.6
50.7
..
14.1
..
25.2
21.1
20.7
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
20.1
11.9
11.9
24.0
-2.4
35.3
-1.6
3.1
24.2
29.8
-1.1
-8.1
-4.5
10.9
31.9
19.6
..
..
10.5
44.3
6.5
4.8
16.6
-0.9
18.3
-69.5
-8.0
2.9
12.7
-0.4
3.1
20.3
-6.2
10.8
7.3
..
5.0
..
4.3
24.1
9.1
-6.3
28.5
4.2
3.7
..
12.3
2.3
14.1
16.5
20.3
31.5
..
15.5
..
16.7
22.7
20.2
15.5
11.9
11.9
22.0
3.8
38.8
9.0
-5.3
18.5
7.0
3.7
-0.5
-4.9
8.8
28.8
17.8
13.7
-29.7
9.7
43.6
3.9
7.5
18.3
1.5
14.6
-36.6
..
4.2
3.4
7.6
10.8
24.1
-2.9
12.7
2.7
..
-5.5
..
5.4
21.7
2.8
-12.5
19.4
9.6
2.0
2.9
6.7
4.3
9.0
17.1
19.1
30.1
-6.4
14.2
17.6
17.8
21.8
17.1
16.1
13.7
13.8
32.2
7.1
36.0
2.6
-10.9
18.8
5.6
1.9
13.5
-11.1
5.9
47.3
19.3
76.4
-28.2
5.3
52.9
4.4
6.8
15.1
-13.2
8.4
-37.2
-29.3
9.2
4.1
12.2
10.5
19.3
6.0
18.1
5.9
..
2.3
..
9.2
14.0
-1.2
..
18.6
18.9
8.2
14.8
0.1
9.9
19.2
-6.1
27.8
49.8
5.7
14.8
46.6
23.8
21.5
21.3
a. Provisional.
20
Table
2.14
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
23.4
..
10.9
..
4.2
27.4
9.3
..
5.2
..
1.6
..
-0.4
..
26.1
8.6
..
..
..
47.8
16.4
6.3
..
..
17.2
49.6
14.6
-0.7
7.9
8.4
5.4
10.4
-6.6
..
17.1
..
14.0
..
2.7
32.4
2.9
20.1
33.9
4.5
..
..
27.2
1.9
7.8
12.0
25.9
41.0
..
21.0
..
18.6
25.3
24.5
15.8
12.8
12.8
9.0
5.3
41.7
15.9
8.7
16.2
53.9
6.2
2.3
14.4
..
6.9
-5.1
2.1
..
12.8
24.3
21.9
10.5
19.2
14.5
18.5
70.5
..
9.1
16.4
15.0
7.5
25.8
6.6
34.8
-0.6
..
11.3
..
1.6
21.7
-1.0
..
19.1
1.2
19.7
10.1
21.0
5.6
19.6
15.6
27.6
24.3
..
31.1
..
25.1
23.4
20.8
16.3
17.5
17.5
12.6
6.8
36.2
5.4
12.0
17.1
25.3
..
..
..
..
19.7
12.4
..
..
22.1
35.4
15.0
22.9
11.4
..
16.1
14.0
90.8
14.2
5.1
8.6
..
22.6
8.0
28.2
6.9
..
14.8
..
14.7
12.4
4.8
..
15.0
16.1
17.2
20.4
2.2
21.2
14.1
..
25.2
..
24.4
21.1
34.4
31.0
21.2
19.9
16.2
17.9
17.9
27.1
10.1
41.5
8.3
11.0
16.7
32.7
..
..
..
..
16.6
10.0
..
..
13.7
44.2
9.6
19.3
8.0
..
16.1
21.2
77.4
8.0
1.6
11.4
..
17.4
7.1
27.6
18.5
..
15.1
..
21.1
5.6
10.0
..
14.5
19.4
21.6
17.5
4.9
20.0
14.9
..
32.6
51.9
28.3
21.8
46.0
30.9
20.3
23.8
15.5
16.6
16.6
40.9
10.0
40.9
6.9
4.8
19.2
32.5
..
..
..
..
5.9
12.1
..
..
9.7
..
16.7
2.6
1.8
..
14.8
26.5
86.0
..
7.6
14.5
..
17.1
7.1
31.8
..
..
10.4
..
18.7
12.9
9.0
..
14.4
15.5
15.4
17.4
8.2
16.7
23.9
..
37.0
54.1
33.4
23.0
69.8
32.2
21.2
25.6
15.6
..
17.2
31.0
8.8
43.3
..
0.8
20.3
32.3
..
..
..
..
15.2
8.4
..
..
21.6
..
10.9
-1.1
-2.8
..
15.3
28.6
71.3
..
17.2
18.6
..
22.1
6.6
31.8
..
..
14.1
..
19.1
-6.6
10.3
..
14.1
19.2
18.7
15.7
7.9
16.1
21.9
..
37.6
57.9
37.1
23.6
66.5
32.3
20.9
26.0
15.4
..
15.9
24.8
10.6
35.0
..
-4.8
..
30.4
..
..
..
..
..
12.2
..
..
16.6
..
2.2
-1.3
-0.8
..
12.6
38.4
43.3
..
10.6
..
..
17.2
3.8
32.1
..
..
17.2
..
16.1
2.1
5.3
..
15.0
19.0
8.5
18.0
10.6
21.9
18.9
..
37.8
57.6
..
23.6
67.1
32.9
21.6
26.3
15.5
..
15.5
5.2
13.9
26.4
..
5.2
..
23.6
..
..
..
..
..
14.5
..
..
14.8
..
12.2
17.5
6.5
..
14.2
32.6
53.0
..
12.8
..
..
13.9
7.6
27.5
..
..
15.0
..
19.4
14.6
10.3
..
15.5
12.8
0.4
19.5
12.4
18.2
19.0
..
28.7
54.1
..
16.9
..
30.2
21.2
21.4
17.2
..
..
21.6
..
27.7
..
-5.4
..
34.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.6
..
9.4
20.6
7.1
..
15.6
12.7
29.0
..
..
..
..
15.6
12.2
34.1
..
..
12.2
..
..
..
13.0
..
16.5
17.5
2.4
20.1
..
19.0
22.5
..
27.7
48.4
..
17.8
..
30.8
20.3
22.2
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
18.6
13.1
12.4
13.8
4.6
34.3
14.6
11.2
18.8
59.2
6.1
6.2
15.0
..
25.5
6.8
..
..
13.4
33.7
16.9
7.3
12.4
1.8
18.0
42.0
-3.9
3.0
12.5
6.1
7.2
20.2
-2.3
..
8.8
..
12.0
..
4.2
27.3
7.7
19.2
24.4
3.7
..
..
16.8
5.5
3.2
14.6
23.6
29.4
..
21.8
..
20.5
23.7
20.8
15.2
14.0
14.0
1.6
7.8
40.5
21.5
6.2
13.4
34.9
8.1
4.6
15.4
..
5.3
6.0
14.7
32.8
15.5
29.3
8.9
13.5
18.7
9.0
21.8
50.6
..
5.1
8.1
14.7
17.3
26.5
6.0
27.5
3.7
..
14.2
..
6.3
21.5
0.8
..
16.6
4.0
16.2
8.7
10.8
14.4
7.1
15.7
28.3
28.6
11.4
24.7
..
21.6
21.7
18.4
15.9
16.3
16.2
18.5
9.8
35.8
6.7
4.4
16.5
27.0
..
..
..
..
17.0
11.7
..
4.4
17.5
37.1
10.4
14.2
8.4
-7.3
14.7
28.9
64.4
11.8
8.8
13.1
..
21.2
8.1
28.8
8.6
..
13.3
..
16.4
11.1
6.6
..
15.3
14.1
15.4
17.4
6.9
17.9
13.6
..
30.3
54.0
22.3
20.1
49.7
30.5
21.1
21.6
a. Provisional.
21
Table
2.15
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
15.1
..
16.1
..
8.6
21.3
9.2
9.2
9.7
..
15.1
..
30.9
8.4
17.6
16.9
..
..
..
13.2
31.2
11.2
..
27.6
19.8
21.8
21.3
12.1
19.3
11.6
45.3
14.0
12.2
17.4
10.4
..
12.5
..
24.8
28.7
8.4
15.6
14.3
16.0
27.0
..
22.4
..
25.5
18.5
15.9
15.2
..
15.7
..
18.3
14.5
15.5
17.5
15.6
15.6
34.5
11.0
24.1
21.1
10.8
12.8
16.3
14.9
10.1
24.5
11.5
13.9
16.8
39.7
..
13.2
13.4
13.8
9.3
11.0
10.3
18.6
25.8
..
8.0
15.1
13.8
25.9
13.6
13.5
30.6
15.0
..
10.1
..
18.4
27.7
7.8
..
19.7
5.8
14.3
17.8
14.2
7.5
19.0
19.5
15.2
16.1
31.5
11.3
24.4
15.5
16.4
16.4
16.5
13.9
13.9
..
13.6
21.1
21.6
19.6
10.2
28.7
10.6
4.9
14.3
8.2
15.0
8.3
2.9
44.8
13.1
9.3
7.1
12.2
7.0
..
17.9
35.6
11.1
6.9
12.5
10.0
17.6
14.3
10.8
20.4
12.5
..
18.4
..
13.7
28.3
13.3
..
19.4
11.8
15.1
16.9
10.3
13.9
18.0
21.0
14.3
13.8
29.7
12.8
13.1
18.7
16.9
15.5
16.7
14.2
14.2
20.0
15.0
22.4
22.2
19.0
10.0
28.5
13.3
5.1
13.5
8.2
13.0
8.3
2.7
39.7
12.3
8.3
7.7
15.3
7.0
..
17.4
36.7
11.4
9.0
14.3
10.0
18.0
14.8
10.4
19.3
11.5
..
18.2
..
9.6
20.5
13.8
..
19.5
18.2
15.2
17.6
11.5
14.5
9.7
15.2
13.8
11.6
27.1
12.7
11.8
19.4
16.9
15.4
16.4
13.4
13.4
18.5
..
19.0
21.7
20.4
9.6
25.7
11.1
4.9
14.2
7.6
13.9
8.3
2.6
38.0
12.1
8.4
8.0
11.3
8.1
..
17.6
35.4
9.4
8.8
14.6
9.9
15.2
14.2
10.7
19.5
..
..
18.2
..
9.7
18.8
13.8
..
19.7
17.3
13.9
17.5
11.4
14.1
10.2
5.9
13.2
11.2
28.0
12.3
10.7
18.6
16.7
14.9
15.9
13.1
13.1
15.3
..
19.4
..
28.8
9.2
25.8
2.7
10.3
14.3
10.3
17.0
8.7
2.3
32.8
10.4
8.9
7.9
11.6
6.8
..
17.9
35.7
13.6
12.3
14.1
10.3
14.8
12.9
11.8
20.7
..
..
16.5
..
10.0
16.2
11.8
..
19.0
15.5
14.1
19.3
9.2
12.9
10.3
3.2
12.9
11.3
25.1
11.3
11.6
18.2
16.5
14.5
16.2
13.0
13.0
17.1
..
18.9
..
30.0
..
25.6
6.6
12.4
15.3
11.0
12.0
8.6
2.7
..
9.7
8.2
9.6
11.2
9.3
..
16.5
36.9
18.3
11.3
17.3
..
14.7
12.7
12.1
20.8
..
..
14.7
..
9.7
12.8
12.5
..
19.3
15.8
13.4
17.4
..
11.2
8.8
2.1
12.5
12.9
..
10.9
9.3
17.2
16.1
14.5
17.5
13.8
13.8
17.4
..
24.3
..
26.9
..
25.7
4.5
15.1
15.3
7.6
12.2
8.7
3.9
..
8.2
11.5
9.3
11.7
7.9
..
15.8
39.8
20.7
11.6
20.9
..
16.2
14.1
13.3
25.0
..
..
14.5
..
8.7
11.1
14.0
..
21.1
13.9
14.7
17.5
..
11.6
13.1
13.3
13.7
14.2
..
11.4
..
18.2
16.2
15.8
18.2
..
14.6
17.6
..
20.9
..
31.6
..
26.1
..
13.2
..
..
10.4
8.6
..
..
10.2
10.0
9.6
9.5
7.5
..
16.7
37.2
18.6
..
20.2
..
13.1
13.9
12.7
24.2
..
..
15.5
..
8.7
..
12.3
..
21.5
15.2
26.8
18.2
..
11.7
13.3
19.1
..
..
..
11.2
..
17.5
16.3
16.4
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
16.5
15.6
15.6
31.5
12.7
24.4
15.6
9.3
10.1
14.5
15.7
11.4
28.6
9.0
17.7
16.5
27.4
..
11.2
18.3
29.1
9.0
11.6
18.9
18.3
23.3
24.3
9.8
17.5
12.3
30.7
12.6
13.8
27.9
11.9
..
13.0
..
19.3
33.1
7.7
17.6
17.4
11.1
21.5
..
16.9
9.9
23.1
20.1
16.6
17.2
..
16.2
..
16.6
16.5
16.5
16.7
14.4
14.4
40.7
10.5
26.7
22.5
17.0
10.6
17.1
13.9
8.1
20.3
9.9
18.1
11.9
25.1
39.7
9.8
13.2
12.2
11.7
8.2
8.4
15.8
33.6
..
7.9
16.6
12.7
15.5
14.0
9.7
31.0
14.6
..
11.5
..
15.1
29.0
10.6
..
19.4
6.1
17.1
14.8
12.8
11.1
17.7
17.6
15.3
16.6
31.8
10.9
24.3
17.0
16.2
16.1
16.4
13.5
13.6
17.6
12.9
21.3
22.2
22.0
9.9
26.0
9.9
8.8
14.7
7.8
14.1
8.2
3.4
44.4
12.4
9.7
9.1
11.3
7.6
13.1
16.9
37.2
11.4
9.5
15.5
9.4
17.7
13.9
10.8
21.8
12.2
..
15.0
..
11.1
20.5
14.1
..
19.4
13.2
16.3
16.0
10.2
13.9
11.8
14.3
13.9
13.3
28.0
11.8
14.4
18.3
16.7
15.3
a. Provisional.
22
Table
2.16
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
59.0
..
71.6
..
97.7
52.0
98.0
91.4
68.6
..
93.7
..
79.2
81.6
46.8
62.8
..
..
..
26.1
63.0
83.9
..
73.3
62.1
130.3
73.7
89.3
69.9
87.4
58.2
75.6
96.7
44.2
75.1
..
83.3
..
73.1
44.2
90.7
97.3
47.8
81.9
71.8
..
54.5
..
55.2
67.7
61.3
41.7
..
69.2
..
66.8
61.5
60.0
65.2
72.3
72.3
35.8
86.8
33.2
73.5
94.6
66.6
58.5
85.7
97.6
78.7
79.1
62.4
71.9
80.3
..
77.2
49.7
75.6
85.2
66.9
86.9
62.8
123.3
..
86.4
71.5
79.8
69.2
63.4
92.3
51.2
83.8
..
83.7
..
79.2
52.0
83.5
..
57.1
86.1
80.5
81.0
71.1
91.9
64.4
63.1
64.1
56.8
78.9
72.6
48.4
64.6
63.6
64.7
67.9
72.5
72.5
..
80.9
38.4
76.6
87.9
71.4
69.4
89.5
70.6
94.2
87.8
32.8
71.7
18.2
90.4
78.2
36.2
83.2
80.5
74.6
..
71.4
111.2
123.6
84.5
87.5
81.4
76.1
63.7
81.4
62.8
83.6
..
80.3
..
78.4
57.0
87.2
..
62.9
69.5
72.2
66.9
94.5
76.0
62.1
81.6
58.1
38.5
66.0
71.7
44.2
57.2
62.3
63.4
67.5
71.4
71.4
38.7
78.1
34.5
73.0
93.1
72.0
64.2
86.6
59.8
98.8
85.9
37.2
74.5
13.6
89.3
85.1
33.3
87.2
81.0
74.8
..
73.2
113.3
127.8
86.2
91.1
79.1
72.3
68.7
83.2
60.9
75.1
..
79.8
..
76.3
72.9
82.2
..
63.1
62.8
73.9
66.3
90.8
73.8
68.6
92.2
56.4
33.6
64.3
71.6
40.2
57.5
61.8
62.5
67.7
71.9
71.9
25.4
..
41.0
75.5
94.1
71.5
63.8
87.6
58.7
100.6
93.0
45.9
72.0
11.3
80.2
86.4
35.6
81.3
82.6
78.0
..
75.2
109.5
178.2
82.0
84.2
75.3
59.0
70.5
80.5
60.0
..
..
80.1
..
79.6
68.4
78.6
..
63.1
64.1
75.7
68.0
89.7
77.9
58.4
103.5
53.4
32.2
59.9
70.6
22.5
57.5
61.7
61.2
67.4
71.7
71.7
40.8
..
41.4
..
89.2
72.2
62.1
95.9
69.2
101.2
81.0
36.2
76.8
10.8
85.6
85.5
35.9
86.5
84.6
83.6
..
74.0
106.0
148.3
77.1
71.5
76.8
66.7
69.5
81.9
56.9
..
..
80.0
..
81.4
85.6
82.0
..
62.7
57.8
74.9
67.9
92.8
78.4
59.5
98.3
54.3
31.2
57.5
72.4
24.8
58.4
61.6
61.4
67.4
73.3
73.3
41.6
..
49.2
..
86.6
..
61.2
94.7
60.2
104.8
80.4
41.6
73.6
24.2
..
89.9
32.9
91.7
86.8
80.5
..
78.4
100.0
157.8
78.8
78.2
..
72.8
73.2
86.4
57.5
..
..
78.4
..
86.4
81.4
85.9
..
61.6
57.5
84.9
66.4
..
73.5
66.5
119.4
53.8
30.4
..
72.3
22.9
58.1
61.0
61.0
67.3
74.6
74.6
67.9
..
54.2
..
82.4
..
67.5
92.8
79.3
105.9
77.1
45.0
71.9
37.3
..
87.6
43.8
87.8
78.4
75.5
..
77.3
101.9
135.1
79.4
70.1
..
69.9
74.1
84.5
60.6
..
..
81.3
..
82.0
74.5
83.7
..
60.3
66.7
87.3
65.5
..
75.7
61.3
116.4
61.3
34.7
..
76.1
..
57.1
61.9
64.7
64.9
..
71.0
50.4
..
56.6
..
80.8
..
55.6
..
76.1
..
..
38.6
72.5
..
..
89.4
38.2
88.0
75.5
76.5
..
74.4
104.8
131.3
..
71.7
..
71.2
73.6
81.4
49.0
..
..
83.3
..
80.5
..
84.4
..
59.4
60.6
75.5
64.7
..
75.0
55.2
107.7
..
..
..
74.7
..
57.3
62.7
66.5
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
63.3
72.5
72.4
44.5
89.7
40.4
86.0
87.5
65.8
55.7
85.5
96.8
76.0
80.0
50.3
63.9
..
..
78.4
37.4
64.4
86.2
71.8
82.0
63.3
146.3
83.7
87.2
69.8
88.1
66.3
67.1
92.3
61.3
80.8
..
82.0
..
76.4
42.7
83.2
100.6
54.2
84.8
74.7
..
70.8
87.2
62.9
63.4
63.1
51.3
..
68.3
..
66.7
60.8
63.2
67.9
74.0
74.0
42.6
85.7
34.5
68.5
88.3
70.9
75.9
82.4
92.5
84.6
81.3
53.1
70.3
61.2
90.0
80.5
43.2
84.0
80.8
73.5
90.1
69.6
103.0
..
87.9
80.0
79.7
73.7
62.0
93.2
56.3
82.7
..
94.0
..
79.6
49.3
86.6
..
61.2
84.3
80.9
82.3
80.5
84.6
73.3
65.3
65.6
53.3
73.8
75.0
58.1
65.3
62.0
66.9
67.5
73.0
72.8
44.1
81.3
42.7
75.2
88.9
71.4
68.5
88.2
77.8
96.4
86.3
38.6
72.5
18.4
83.9
82.3
37.4
86.5
81.9
77.3
100.1
74.7
99.9
118.0
81.3
80.4
78.4
71.8
66.8
83.1
60.2
81.9
..
82.7
..
79.7
65.6
87.1
..
62.0
67.9
75.5
69.1
90.4
76.3
69.0
91.7
58.1
37.0
66.3
73.4
39.0
58.0
61.9
63.7
a. Provisional.
23
Table
2.17
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excl. South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
74.8
88.3
88.3
..
106.4
73.3
107.2
100.6
78.3
..
108.9
..
110.1
89.9
64.4
79.6
..
..
..
39.4
94.2
95.1
..
101.0
81.9
152.0
95.0
101.4
89.2
98.9
103.5
89.6
108.9
61.6
85.4
..
95.8
..
97.9
72.9
99.1
112.9
62.1
97.9
98.8
..
76.8
100.4
80.7
86.2
77.2
56.9
..
84.8
..
85.2
76.0
75.8
82.8
88.1
88.1
70.3
97.8
57.4
94.6
105.4
79.3
74.7
100.6
107.7
103.2
90.7
76.2
88.7
120.1
..
90.4
63.1
89.3
94.5
77.8
97.2
81.5
149.1
..
94.5
86.6
93.6
95.1
77.0
105.8
81.8
98.9
..
93.8
..
97.6
79.7
91.3
112.5
76.8
91.9
94.8
98.7
85.3
99.4
83.4
82.6
79.3
72.9
110.5
83.9
72.8
80.1
80.0
81.2
84.2
86.0
86.0
74.9
94.5
59.5
98.2
107.5
81.5
98.1
100.0
75.5
108.5
96.0
47.8
80.0
21.1
135.1
91.2
45.4
90.3
92.7
81.6
..
89.3
146.8
134.6
91.5
100.0
91.4
93.7
78.0
92.3
83.2
96.1
..
98.6
..
92.1
85.3
100.4
..
82.2
81.3
87.3
83.8
104.8
89.9
80.1
102.6
72.4
52.3
95.7
84.4
57.3
75.8
79.2
78.9
84.2
85.6
85.6
58.7
93.1
56.9
95.2
112.1
82.0
92.8
99.9
64.9
112.3
94.1
50.2
82.8
16.3
129.0
97.4
41.7
94.9
96.3
81.8
..
90.6
150.0
139.1
95.1
105.5
89.0
90.3
83.5
93.5
80.2
86.6
..
98.0
..
85.8
93.4
95.9
..
82.5
81.0
89.1
83.9
102.3
88.3
78.3
107.4
70.2
45.1
91.4
84.3
52.0
76.8
78.7
77.9
84.1
85.4
85.4
43.8
93.1
60.0
97.2
114.5
81.1
89.5
98.6
63.6
114.8
100.6
59.8
80.4
13.9
118.2
98.5
44.0
89.3
93.9
86.1
..
92.8
144.9
187.5
90.8
98.8
85.3
74.2
84.7
91.2
79.5
..
..
98.2
..
89.3
87.2
92.4
..
82.8
81.4
89.6
85.5
101.1
92.0
68.6
109.3
66.6
43.4
87.9
82.9
33.2
76.1
78.4
76.2
83.4
85.0
85.0
56.1
93.9
60.7
..
117.9
81.5
88.0
98.5
79.5
115.4
91.3
53.2
85.4
13.1
118.4
95.8
44.7
94.4
96.2
90.3
..
91.9
141.7
161.9
89.4
85.6
87.0
81.5
82.4
93.7
77.6
..
..
96.5
..
91.4
101.7
93.9
..
81.7
73.3
89.0
87.2
101.9
91.2
69.8
101.5
67.2
42.5
82.6
83.7
36.4
76.6
78.1
76.1
83.7
86.5
86.5
58.7
92.9
68.0
..
116.6
..
86.8
101.3
72.6
120.1
91.4
53.6
82.2
26.9
..
99.6
41.0
101.3
98.0
89.7
..
94.9
136.9
176.1
90.0
95.5
..
87.5
85.9
98.4
78.3
..
..
93.1
..
96.1
94.2
98.3
..
80.9
73.2
98.3
83.9
99.1
84.7
75.4
121.5
66.3
43.3
..
83.2
32.2
75.3
77.1
75.6
84.9
88.5
88.5
85.3
89.2
78.5
..
109.3
..
93.2
97.3
94.3
121.1
84.7
57.3
80.6
41.2
..
95.9
55.4
97.1
90.2
83.4
..
93.1
141.7
155.8
91.0
91.0
..
86.1
88.1
97.8
85.7
..
..
95.8
..
90.7
85.5
97.7
..
81.4
80.6
102.0
83.0
97.6
87.3
74.4
129.8
75.0
48.8
..
87.5
..
75.3
78.1
80.7
83.2
..
85.6
68.0
87.7
77.5
..
112.4
..
81.7
..
89.3
..
..
49.1
81.1
41.5
..
99.6
48.1
97.6
85.0
84.0
..
91.1
142.1
149.9
..
91.8
..
84.3
87.5
94.0
73.1
..
..
98.8
..
89.2
..
96.7
..
80.9
75.8
102.3
82.8
97.7
86.7
68.5
126.8
74.4
49.3
..
85.9
..
74.8
78.9
79.3
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
79.9
88.1
88.1
76.0
102.4
64.7
101.6
96.9
75.8
70.2
101.1
108.1
104.5
89.1
68.1
80.4
..
..
89.5
55.7
93.5
95.3
83.4
100.9
81.7
169.5
108.0
97.1
87.3
100.4
96.9
79.7
106.2
89.2
92.7
..
95.0
..
95.7
75.9
90.9
106.3
71.5
95.8
96.3
..
87.7
97.7
86.0
83.5
79.7
68.5
..
84.5
..
83.3
77.4
79.8
84.6
88.1
88.1
78.0
96.2
61.2
91.0
105.3
81.5
93.0
96.3
100.5
104.9
91.2
71.2
82.2
86.3
129.7
90.3
56.4
96.1
92.5
81.7
98.5
85.4
136.6
..
95.8
96.6
92.4
89.2
75.9
102.9
87.3
97.3
..
105.5
..
94.6
78.3
97.2
112.5
80.6
90.4
98.0
97.1
93.3
95.7
91.0
82.9
80.9
69.9
106.4
85.8
82.4
82.2
78.2
82.9
83.9
86.3
86.2
67.8
92.9
64.0
97.4
110.9
81.2
94.5
98.1
86.5
111.1
94.2
52.7
80.7
23.6
128.2
94.7
47.1
95.6
93.2
84.9
113.2
91.6
137.2
129.3
90.8
95.9
87.8
89.5
80.7
94.0
82.0
94.1
..
97.7
..
90.8
86.0
101.2
..
81.4
81.1
91.8
85.2
100.0
90.1
80.8
106.1
72.2
50.2
94.3
85.2
53.4
76.2
78.5
78.7
a. Provisional.
24
Table
2.18
Current prices
($)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
455
367
382
..
414
781
287
224
579
..
382
..
413
479
610
953
..
..
..
2,468
360
387
..
134
366
501
422
476
177
244
484
1,054
316
1,320
365
..
215
..
633
1,667
345
106
1,818
494
888
..
327
99
543
790
848
1,281
..
432
..
819
1,041
527
497
361
373
698
378
1,574
315
213
726
659
510
311
589
233
893
765
424
..
226
4,046
293
376
360
233
299
492
..
258
174
261
486
1,929
192
1,359
315
..
341
..
771
4,196
149
156
2,444
557
1,224
165
379
242
349
693
1,112
1,788
888
636
4,857
835
1,205
610
595
371
380
928
517
3,229
364
137
749
1,942
321
352
628
112
645
698
1,877
347
126
2,426
358
389
336
..
414
885
203
230
211
349
580
4,036
260
2,690
234
..
229
..
699
7,234
222
..
3,860
586
2,079
285
384
259
389
473
1,310
1,373
803
914
3,385
1,435
2,487
708
655
408
417
1,005
523
3,112
366
173
774
1,907
336
352
676
118
864
752
2,208
316
161
2,633
402
477
266
..
476
994
237
268
227
359
647
4,219
296
2,799
227
..
275
..
688
10,330
231
..
4,319
721
2,263
305
400
287
490
492
1,404
1,404
801
1,019
3,961
1,504
2,534
772
717
468
479
1,077
560
3,553
389
189
812
2,073
356
385
701
150
1,275
762
2,128
308
197
3,007
385
864
264
..
571
993
342
272
233
368
721
4,402
304
2,993
..
..
324
..
749
10,510
247
..
4,525
944
2,592
307
403
312
625
475
1,509
1,523
820
1,179
3,178
1,626
2,662
839
810
557
570
1,934
642
3,900
..
202
918
2,424
402
538
791
150
1,197
907
2,562
325
241
3,636
494
1,043
406
..
668
1,075
344
346
218
444
852
5,093
345
3,165
..
..
372
..
902
12,190
285
..
4,843
1,068
2,664
357
455
358
668
430
1,773
1,701
834
1,420
4,338
1,859
2,973
959
881
675
691
2,739
743
4,679
..
238
..
2,781
474
570
913
171
1,655
1,013
7,478
..
334
4,112
642
1,202
355
..
753
1,046
409
433
278
..
952
6,526
436
3,143
..
..
438
..
1,091
10,429
343
..
4,540
1,310
2,876
411
543
390
891
431
2,118
2,149
..
1,730
4,876
2,136
3,350
1,076
893
684
700
3,470
683
4,568
..
243
..
3,036
446
611
906
148
1,394
960
7,406
..
377
4,101
568
983
356
..
721
1,129
357
384
298
..
772
6,100
414
3,412
..
..
488
..
957
8,243
316
..
4,668
1,335
2,883
407
522
426
749
607
2,248
1,930
..
2,073
..
2,165
3,258
1,107
990
698
714
2,938
650
5,755
..
272
..
2,734
..
680
..
..
1,457
941
8,587
..
356
4,221
593
1,121
399
..
724
1,426
371
..
311
..
881
6,635
370
3,566
..
..
523
..
923
..
315
..
5,884
1,512
3,584
423
515
446
858
754
2,449
2,250
..
2,318
..
2,126
3,310
1,217
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
455
340
352
598
330
816
245
216
663
501
359
224
393
299
693
679
..
..
200
2,564
278
353
348
171
299
453
436
320
150
203
451
1,103
275
1,437
278
..
272
..
574
2,170
255
138
2,094
670
754
..
287
231
418
703
957
1,697
..
529
..
641
961
547
477
312
321
484
347
1,803
226
173
636
1,084
352
237
500
158
628
642
418
239
159
2,716
631
363
386
214
314
557
..
245
183
237
532
2,484
187
1,662
219
..
280
..
602
5,142
192
156
2,782
415
1,490
197
334
221
346
544
1,150
1,216
830
832
5,175
987
1,527
597
658
457
468
1,483
530
3,409
300
180
682
2,061
338
400
639
122
955
742
3,210
282
203
2,925
481
655
328
184
530
859
256
295
225
307
666
4,459
297
2,730
196
..
314
..
728
8,404
253
..
3,830
840
2,190
323
397
307
544
502
1,618
1,509
790
1,385
3,678
1,561
2,564
813
a. Provisional.
25
Table
2.19
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
22.6
..
18.9
..
..
34.5
14.1
13.9
20.0
..
7.0
..
28.5
8.8
35.8
24.4
..
..
..
26.7
..
6.1
..
28.2
18.3
35.6
..
14.4
22.2
15.5
21.4
23.2
7.6
27.2
25.5
..
12.2
..
14.6
36.5
14.9
43.1
25.9
10.8
35.0
..
28.2
..
18.2
14.1
26.8
33.8
..
24.6
..
22.2
28.3
24.5
18.3
17.5
17.5
11.1
13.4
32.4
17.7
15.2
17.3
25.3
11.4
4.8
11.9
12.8
17.2
8.5
17.4
..
12.9
21.5
22.3
14.4
22.9
29.9
20.7
57.0
..
14.8
20.1
23.0
20.0
30.6
22.1
21.2
11.4
..
14.7
..
18.0
23.0
9.6
14.9
19.1
10.4
14.6
25.8
25.3
12.7
13.5
18.2
24.5
27.0
14.2
26.9
13.9
24.0
24.4
21.1
17.3
18.5
18.5
9.1
17.5
24.8
19.3
10.3
18.3
38.9
6.2
22.7
9.4
12.8
21.9
9.9
40.5
18.9
25.5
24.4
24.2
28.4
19.8
..
16.3
26.5
6.3
23.4
16.2
21.0
44.4
21.6
18.7
18.6
15.8
..
15.0
..
22.7
12.7
10.5
..
16.0
17.2
15.3
22.2
15.7
19.9
23.0
5.1
19.7
24.1
21.5
16.4
13.9
26.3
22.1
18.4
18.2
19.5
19.5
8.9
18.9
24.5
19.3
8.7
17.7
35.8
8.9
16.7
9.3
14.0
19.7
9.7
37.6
19.7
23.0
21.3
21.6
29.0
18.6
..
18.7
21.1
13.3
22.2
20.2
22.7
59.0
21.4
18.7
18.6
18.5
..
15.8
..
29.6
23.8
17.0
..
16.8
24.1
15.0
24.7
15.8
22.2
22.4
2.0
20.3
22.3
19.0
17.9
15.8
27.5
21.3
19.2
19.0
19.5
19.5
15.4
18.2
21.6
20.5
14.2
16.7
38.7
9.2
13.2
9.6
12.6
21.3
9.3
31.4
13.3
24.2
25.9
23.8
21.6
16.6
..
19.1
21.5
24.4
25.3
22.7
22.9
27.4
24.3
17.7
21.6
..
..
16.0
..
28.2
24.8
15.2
..
18.3
25.1
12.8
27.2
16.2
20.9
22.5
2.2
21.6
22.9
29.6
18.7
20.7
28.1
22.6
20.2
20.3
20.5
20.5
13.5
21.4
23.9
..
18.2
17.1
46.4
9.0
17.0
11.2
19.5
21.4
8.7
33.3
11.0
23.5
25.9
18.3
20.1
13.9
..
19.4
22.0
27.1
32.4
24.0
22.4
27.6
25.1
16.1
23.7
..
..
18.1
..
30.9
29.7
13.2
..
20.2
26.5
12.3
29.2
14.4
21.9
23.8
5.1
24.3
26.0
37.5
20.9
25.0
31.3
23.0
22.1
21.8
20.9
20.9
16.2
20.7
22.8
..
18.7
..
46.2
11.6
23.9
14.3
23.8
18.0
10.1
28.4
..
19.9
24.4
14.0
21.5
15.6
..
19.4
28.2
34.2
40.4
23.3
..
27.3
24.6
15.7
26.1
..
..
22.7
..
30.2
24.5
14.7
..
22.7
22.7
11.1
29.4
14.0
22.8
22.2
3.3
25.6
26.4
..
22.3
27.9
33.0
23.5
23.6
22.1
21.6
21.6
15.2
25.3
28.8
..
18.8
..
39.1
10.8
31.6
12.4
28.7
22.2
11.4
60.1
..
22.5
27.0
18.0
19.7
21.3
..
19.1
28.0
24.6
33.0
21.8
..
24.6
26.4
20.7
25.5
..
..
21.6
..
27.9
22.0
15.4
..
22.7
21.8
11.0
28.4
16.0
23.9
22.2
2.4
26.2
38.3
..
18.9
..
30.9
24.2
23.9
20.4
..
21.3
12.6
26.1
27.1
..
18.0
..
46.8
..
31.8
..
..
20.3
13.8
..
..
21.5
26.6
19.4
21.8
20.0
..
19.9
28.5
34.5
..
21.7
..
24.5
24.9
24.7
25.7
..
..
21.0
..
29.0
..
15.8
..
19.6
20.4
11.1
28.4
18.9
23.3
22.4
5.7
..
..
..
18.6
..
30.7
24.3
21.0
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
20.1
16.6
17.1
14.2
14.8
29.0
17.4
16.1
21.1
29.8
10.2
4.5
24.3
11.4
32.5
15.8
..
..
15.7
33.8
19.0
7.9
16.4
32.0
18.8
40.3
..
10.8
15.8
17.2
27.1
21.2
12.2
18.6
14.2
..
14.4
..
17.4
25.6
11.4
26.9
23.1
12.4
25.4
..
19.0
9.3
12.5
16.0
27.9
31.9
..
27.8
..
23.1
27.5
23.5
17.1
17.9
17.9
23.2
15.7
27.2
21.2
9.0
14.5
29.6
11.2
11.0
14.7
8.0
24.9
11.4
59.5
26.1
16.5
25.5
10.6
19.7
20.0
25.9
17.6
65.4
..
12.4
15.2
22.5
20.2
26.9
20.7
21.0
9.0
..
14.5
..
19.9
29.2
7.2
14.9
16.3
10.6
16.7
21.5
15.6
15.9
12.4
19.0
21.3
26.2
11.1
20.4
12.7
22.2
25.0
19.0
18.7
19.3
19.4
13.2
20.2
24.9
18.2
11.7
18.0
38.3
8.9
29.3
10.8
14.1
21.8
10.4
43.9
22.3
22.5
24.7
15.7
23.1
17.6
12.0
18.2
29.5
17.2
24.2
19.0
23.4
28.1
23.5
21.4
21.5
14.2
..
18.5
..
26.3
23.9
12.7
..
17.9
18.9
15.4
23.5
15.5
21.3
21.5
6.7
21.7
25.2
18.6
18.6
16.9
28.1
23.6
20.1
a. Provisional.
26
Table
2.20
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
6.6
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
12.8
4.5
..
3.7
..
23.2
5.1
..
11.4
..
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
0.0
9.9
..
..
17.5
..
21.4
8.4
7.6
15.7
20.4
..
12.2
..
4.7
..
5.3
..
6.4
6.9
11.9
..
20.2
..
..
1.8
..
11.0
..
..
..
..
15.0
..
5.6
7.2
7.2
..
7.4
8.6
9.7
12.5
5.5
11.3
4.7
..
5.2
4.0
5.6
3.6
10.5
..
4.0
3.9
7.4
7.5
9.7
27.4
9.7
26.2
..
7.9
7.7
10.5
6.2
11.4
12.0
8.2
7.4
..
5.9
..
4.1
8.2
3.9
..
3.9
..
4.5
10.5
7.3
6.2
6.2
3.4
10.8
8.2
9.1
14.7
..
4.8
8.7
7.8
5.4
6.3
6.3
4.9
5.4
8.3
7.2
7.6
2.6
10.8
2.0
7.8
4.4
2.8
6.5
2.8
13.1
14.4
15.8
4.2
10.0
12.4
3.7
..
4.3
7.7
2.1
10.0
9.1
7.5
8.9
6.6
10.7
6.3
5.1
..
8.9
..
6.7
3.1
4.5
..
4.3
5.0
8.1
5.7
1.6
4.9
8.7
5.1
8.4
10.6
7.7
8.8
12.3
3.8
3.5
6.7
5.2
6.1
6.1
5.5
6.7
7.2
7.3
4.7
2.5
12.9
4.0
7.8
4.5
3.7
6.3
2.7
10.3
17.9
14.7
4.2
8.0
12.0
2.8
..
2.5
4.3
1.1
8.7
7.2
7.7
6.8
6.3
8.6
6.4
6.3
..
8.7
..
10.0
4.4
5.7
..
4.3
5.9
7.9
6.0
2.8
5.0
7.0
2.0
8.9
10.8
9.3
9.3
14.1
3.7
3.0
6.9
5.8
6.5
6.5
13.0
4.6
6.2
7.9
6.2
2.4
12.8
3.7
8.1
5.0
3.0
9.5
3.1
15.1
12.2
16.7
4.8
8.4
8.8
2.6
..
3.1
5.5
1.3
10.6
7.8
8.6
5.9
7.7
11.8
6.8
..
..
7.5
..
9.7
7.7
5.1
..
5.0
6.7
6.8
5.9
3.4
4.6
4.1
2.2
8.9
12.0
7.5
8.0
16.7
3.6
3.1
7.2
6.5
6.8
6.8
11.5
7.5
8.6
..
9.2
2.4
11.4
2.7
7.3
6.2
8.8
10.4
2.6
16.9
9.8
16.8
4.5
4.7
8.5
2.3
..
3.9
4.7
2.2
7.0
14.8
8.4
6.7
5.4
11.7
2.9
..
..
8.7
..
11.2
4.5
3.5
..
6.1
9.5
6.5
7.2
2.0
4.9
4.1
1.3
10.2
16.5
12.2
7.8
19.8
3.6
2.9
8.2
7.6
7.2
7.2
14.1
5.8
12.5
..
9.4
..
13.8
4.5
7.9
9.3
12.6
8.9
3.1
16.9
..
14.0
4.6
3.7
9.4
3.5
..
4.4
9.0
3.0
7.1
9.4
..
6.5
4.1
11.5
3.5
..
..
10.9
..
10.0
3.2
6.2
..
8.0
6.5
5.8
8.2
3.2
4.5
5.1
0.3
10.6
16.1
..
7.9
22.0
4.6
2.8
9.0
8.6
8.0
8.0
12.4
9.7
15.8
..
9.1
..
14.0
3.8
10.5
4.7
22.9
10.8
3.0
43.0
..
16.6
6.0
7.4
5.2
4.6
..
5.3
11.5
3.5
3.2
6.9
..
7.1
6.6
12.9
5.5
..
..
11.1
..
10.1
3.0
7.8
..
9.2
5.5
5.8
8.6
5.5
6.2
4.4
0.8
11.1
24.0
..
8.0
..
6.0
3.5
9.7
7.6
..
7.5
9.7
10.0
13.2
..
8.0
..
18.8
..
9.1
..
..
10.1
4.6
..
..
16.5
9.2
8.2
3.9
4.3
..
0.0
12.7
5.7
..
10.1
..
7.9
6.1
13.6
6.5
..
..
11.5
..
10.8
..
7.7
..
7.7
7.3
5.8
8.3
7.9
5.6
4.1
5.6
12.0
27.7
..
6.4
..
5.7
..
9.4
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
6.1
6.6
6.3
..
9.1
9.7
10.4
13.8
6.9
21.4
5.5
3.8
18.7
4.4
11.1
7.1
..
..
4.9
6.7
10.4
6.3
7.5
33.3
0.8
17.2
..
6.9
9.5
10.2
17.6
7.4
9.5
10.7
11.2
..
12.1
..
3.7
12.0
4.0
..
5.7
4.3
8.0
..
11.2
4.4
..
2.9
13.0
13.8
..
16.9
..
7.1
14.1
8.9
4.7
6.5
6.5
7.8
7.5
11.7
10.5
9.3
2.9
20.2
6.2
7.4
7.0
1.7
6.4
5.6
6.9
17.6
6.6
6.5
7.4
11.1
6.1
20.2
7.1
18.7
..
6.9
9.2
10.1
3.4
9.2
12.1
8.2
5.6
..
7.2
..
4.5
9.9
3.8
..
2.8
0.7
5.4
6.0
3.7
5.6
6.8
3.0
10.4
7.2
6.1
14.5
..
4.2
9.3
7.1
5.9
6.4
6.5
8.9
7.1
10.4
7.0
6.4
2.3
12.7
3.6
9.1
5.3
5.8
8.6
3.0
14.6
17.1
14.8
4.8
7.2
9.1
3.8
10.9
3.7
8.9
4.2
7.3
8.9
7.7
7.3
6.6
11.5
5.8
7.0
..
8.2
..
8.2
7.1
5.4
..
5.3
5.2
6.4
6.0
3.1
5.3
7.5
2.2
9.2
14.1
6.6
8.4
14.9
4.4
3.5
7.4
a. Provisional.
27
Table
2.21
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
16.3
..
..
..
..
34.5
..
1.1
15.6
..
3.2
..
5.3
3.7
..
13.0
..
..
..
21.4
..
..
..
..
8.2
25.7
..
..
4.8
..
0.0
14.9
0.0
11.4
5.1
..
..
..
9.9
..
9.5
..
19.5
3.9
23.1
..
8.0
..
..
12.3
..
22.8
..
..
..
16.7
13.3
..
13.0
10.8
10.8
1.7
6.0
23.8
8.0
2.7
11.9
14.0
6.7
..
6.7
8.9
11.6
4.9
6.9
..
8.9
17.6
14.9
6.9
8.8
8.4
10.9
30.8
..
6.9
12.4
12.4
13.8
19.2
10.1
13.0
4.0
..
8.7
..
13.9
14.8
5.7
..
15.3
..
10.1
15.3
18.0
6.5
7.3
14.8
15.4
18.8
5.1
12.3
..
19.2
15.6
14.0
12.0
12.3
12.3
4.2
12.1
16.5
..
2.7
15.7
28.2
4.1
14.9
5.0
10.0
15.4
7.1
27.4
4.5
9.7
20.2
14.2
16.0
16.1
..
12.0
18.7
4.2
13.4
7.1
13.5
35.5
15.0
8.0
15.7
10.7
..
6.2
..
16.0
9.7
5.9
..
11.7
12.2
7.2
16.5
14.1
15.0
14.3
0.0
11.3
13.6
13.8
7.7
1.6
22.4
18.6
11.7
13.0
13.5
13.5
3.4
12.2
17.3
..
4.0
15.2
23.0
4.9
8.9
4.8
10.4
13.5
7.0
27.4
1.9
8.3
17.1
13.6
17.0
15.8
..
16.2
16.8
12.2
13.5
13.0
15.0
52.1
15.1
10.1
16.2
12.2
..
7.0
..
19.7
19.4
11.3
..
12.5
18.2
7.1
18.7
13.1
17.2
15.5
0.0
11.4
11.5
9.7
8.6
1.7
23.8
18.3
12.3
13.2
13.1
13.1
2.4
13.6
15.4
..
8.0
14.3
25.9
5.6
5.1
4.7
9.6
11.7
6.3
16.2
1.2
7.6
21.1
15.5
12.8
14.0
..
16.0
16.0
23.1
14.8
15.0
14.3
21.4
16.6
5.8
18.4
..
..
8.5
..
18.5
17.2
10.1
..
13.4
18.4
6.1
21.3
12.8
16.3
18.5
0.0
12.7
11.0
22.0
10.7
4.0
24.5
19.5
13.0
13.8
13.5
13.5
2.0
13.9
15.3
..
9.0
14.7
35.0
6.3
9.7
5.0
10.7
11.1
6.1
16.4
1.3
6.7
21.5
13.6
11.6
11.6
..
15.5
17.3
24.9
25.4
9.2
14.0
20.8
19.7
4.4
16.2
..
..
9.3
..
19.7
25.2
9.7
..
14.1
17.0
5.8
22.1
12.4
16.9
19.8
3.8
14.1
9.5
25.2
13.1
5.2
27.6
20.2
13.9
14.1
13.5
13.5
2.1
14.9
10.3
..
9.3
12.5
32.4
7.1
16.0
5.0
11.3
9.2
7.1
11.5
..
5.9
19.8
10.3
12.1
12.1
..
15.0
19.3
31.2
33.3
13.9
..
20.8
20.5
4.1
14.9
..
..
11.8
..
20.2
21.3
8.6
..
14.8
16.2
5.2
21.2
10.8
18.3
17.1
3.0
15.0
10.2
..
14.4
5.9
28.4
20.7
14.5
13.4
13.4
13.4
2.8
15.6
13.1
..
9.8
12.4
25.0
7.0
21.0
7.7
5.8
11.4
8.4
17.2
..
5.9
21.0
10.6
14.6
16.7
..
13.8
16.5
21.1
29.8
14.9
..
17.5
19.8
7.8
16.1
..
..
10.6
..
17.8
19.0
7.6
..
13.5
16.3
5.2
19.9
10.5
17.7
17.8
1.7
..
..
..
10.9
..
24.9
20.7
14.1
12.8
13.7
13.7
3.0
16.1
14.0
..
10.0
12.6
28.1
..
22.7
..
..
10.2
9.2
..
..
5.0
17.4
11.2
17.9
15.7
..
19.9
15.8
28.8
..
16.9
..
16.6
18.8
11.0
16.3
..
..
9.5
..
18.2
..
8.0
..
11.9
13.1
5.3
20.1
11.0
17.7
18.3
0.1
..
..
..
12.2
..
24.9
..
13.7
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
14.4
9.8
9.8
9.3
4.5
19.4
8.8
2.3
14.2
8.4
4.7
0.6
5.5
7.1
11.4
8.7
..
..
12.8
27.2
8.6
3.8
8.9
10.0
10.7
23.1
..
3.6
6.3
9.9
9.5
13.8
2.7
7.8
3.0
..
7.8
..
13.7
10.1
7.3
..
17.4
8.9
17.3
..
7.8
5.4
4.9
13.1
12.8
18.1
..
9.3
..
16.1
13.5
13.3
12.5
11.5
11.5
16.5
8.3
15.5
10.8
-0.3
11.7
9.4
5.0
4.3
7.7
6.3
18.5
6.2
52.6
8.6
9.9
18.9
14.9
8.6
11.7
7.7
9.8
46.8
..
5.5
6.0
12.4
16.8
17.7
8.6
12.9
3.4
..
7.2
..
15.4
19.3
3.3
..
13.5
9.9
11.3
15.6
11.8
10.3
5.7
16.0
12.2
19.0
5.8
5.9
..
18.0
15.7
12.3
12.7
12.8
12.8
4.3
13.2
14.5
10.4
5.3
14.8
25.6
5.3
20.2
5.4
8.3
13.2
7.5
29.2
5.1
7.7
19.9
12.7
14.1
13.8
1.1
12.6
20.6
13.0
16.9
10.0
15.7
20.8
16.9
9.9
15.5
7.2
..
10.2
..
18.2
16.8
7.3
..
12.6
13.8
9.1
17.5
12.4
16.0
14.0
4.5
12.7
12.3
11.9
10.2
3.2
23.7
20.0
12.9
a. Provisional.
28
Table
2.22
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
1.1
-4.8
-8.7
..
-21.5
-13.4
-22.3
-14.5
0.8
-49.9
-15.9
-11.9
-43.2
0.1
-0.1
-6.2
..
..
..
33.1
-20.9
-0.7
..
-29.2
-6.4
-89.1
-0.1
-16.4
-14.0
-14.4
-29.8
-10.2
-16.5
7.8
-13.6
10.2
-12.0
..
-14.5
-11.2
-15.4
-55.3
8.0
-12.6
-39.4
..
-5.3
-6.6
-4.0
-3.2
-7.2
4.0
..
-12.4
..
-9.4
-5.4
-2.3
1.0
-2.3
-6.1
18.0
-12.0
5.3
-13.5
-19.9
2.9
0.0
-12.9
-14.4
-22.9
0.3
7.9
4.6
-37.4
..
-3.3
15.2
-11.7
-9.0
-2.4
-27.1
-5.6
-105.2
..
-11.4
-9.6
-16.6
-15.1
-7.2
-27.9
-15.5
-6.9
14.6
-8.5
..
-6.8
-4.3
-1.3
-28.0
5.5
-3.0
-9.9
-24.8
-11.9
-12.1
-0.7
0.1
-6.0
-1.5
-24.6
-12.7
8.6
-5.4
-7.1
-2.0
-1.3
-2.0
-5.4
16.0
-12.7
7.3
-13.5
-18.0
-0.4
-37.6
-6.2
0.3
-17.9
-8.8
29.7
9.2
35.1
-54.0
-16.7
30.2
-14.5
-21.1
-2.3
..
-6.3
-73.4
-40.9
-14.9
-18.2
-12.4
-41.0
-2.4
-10.9
-2.3
-10.0
12.9
-13.6
..
-12.9
2.0
-10.9
..
-0.3
-3.8
-2.5
-6.4
-19.3
-10.1
-4.4
-7.1
5.6
14.4
-17.2
-1.4
31.1
-5.0
-2.5
1.6
-1.3
-1.9
-5.8
32.4
-12.7
16.8
-15.5
-20.7
-1.0
-28.8
-8.8
17.2
-21.6
-8.2
29.7
7.5
43.8
-48.8
-20.4
37.0
-16.5
-25.3
-1.3
..
-7.5
-72.0
-52.4
-17.3
-28.1
-11.7
-51.8
-6.0
-12.2
0.1
-9.2
15.5
-13.8
..
-15.6
-20.8
-12.9
..
-0.5
-9.9
-4.1
-8.9
-18.6
-10.6
-2.1
-9.0
8.1
23.4
-10.3
-2.3
38.1
-5.6
-0.4
2.7
-1.9
-1.6
-5.3
40.8
-11.3
16.4
-15.1
-28.6
2.1
-27.6
-7.9
22.0
-24.4
-13.2
18.5
10.3
53.7
-31.5
-22.7
30.1
-13.1
-15.5
-3.3
..
-10.7
-65.5
-111.9
-16.0
-24.5
-8.1
-4.2
-11.3
-8.9
-1.7
..
15.1
-14.2
..
-17.5
-17.1
-7.6
..
-2.5
-10.9
-2.4
-13.1
-17.9
-13.1
8.4
-10.9
10.1
27.1
-17.4
-1.6
45.8
-5.5
-1.9
3.2
-2.5
-2.2
-6.1
30.4
-15.3
12.3
..
-36.1
0.8
-35.0
-7.5
2.5
-26.6
-10.7
25.0
5.9
51.6
-29.4
-19.3
29.4
-12.6
-16.3
-4.6
..
-10.9
-65.9
-89.0
-21.7
-12.6
-9.4
-18.0
-9.3
-9.8
-1.3
..
15.1
-14.6
..
-22.3
-31.5
-7.0
..
-2.9
-3.8
-1.3
-16.9
-16.6
-13.3
6.4
-8.6
6.5
23.3
-20.1
-4.6
38.2
-9.1
-1.9
1.3
-3.7
-4.2
-8.1
25.1
-13.6
3.7
..
-35.3
-3.0
-33.0
-12.9
2.6
-34.4
-15.2
28.2
7.7
47.3
-21.7
-19.4
34.6
-15.3
-19.5
-5.3
..
-14.1
-64.7
-110.3
-30.4
-21.8
..
-23.0
-13.2
-14.1
-6.8
..
12.3
-15.8
..
-26.3
-18.7
-13.1
..
-3.0
0.8
-9.3
-13.6
-16.4
-7.7
2.4
-26.6
5.6
23.4
..
-5.6
39.9
-13.4
-3.0
0.3
-4.3
-6.8
-10.4
-0.5
-14.5
-10.3
..
-28.2
-4.8
-32.3
-8.0
-27.0
-33.5
-13.4
20.2
8.1
12.2
-15.9
-18.3
17.6
-15.1
-13.0
-4.7
..
-12.5
-69.8
-80.4
-24.0
-15.9
..
-16.7
-9.4
-18.5
-13.7
..
8.2
-17.4
..
-18.6
-7.5
-13.1
..
-0.9
-5.8
-13.0
-11.9
-15.6
-11.4
3.5
-31.9
-4.3
4.5
..
-6.6
..
-11.0
-2.9
-4.3
-2.7
-4.7
-7.5
19.4
-13.8
-7.0
..
-30.4
-3.1
-28.5
..
-22.0
..
-12.9
30.4
4.6
..
..
-21.1
25.3
-17.0
-11.8
-4.4
..
-10.3
-70.1
-84.4
..
-16.6
..
-11.6
-11.4
-18.7
1.2
..
6.7
-19.8
..
-18.2
..
-12.4
..
-0.2
0.9
-13.4
-11.7
-16.5
-10.2
9.1
-29.7
-2.3
9.3
..
-4.8
..
-9.9
-5.3
-2.6
-0.5
-4.8
-6.2
9.1
-17.5
5.3
-19.6
-13.5
0.4
-32.0
-12.1
-13.5
-33.3
-0.8
-0.5
3.2
-28.6
..
-5.3
9.7
-13.2
-3.1
0.3
-32.9
-4.9
-110.0
3.2
-7.7
-6.7
-17.6
-24.4
-3.3
-18.4
-7.6
-8.0
1.1
-10.3
..
-12.1
-2.3
-3.1
-35.1
5.1
-8.3
-23.5
..
-7.2
-6.2
-2.1
-0.8
-8.9
-2.5
..
-13.2
..
-7.4
-6.1
-3.8
-1.5
-4.5
-6.5
2.2
-12.5
9.8
-13.5
-14.4
3.7
-22.6
-7.8
-13.6
-23.0
1.2
2.9
6.5
-45.8
-55.8
-6.8
17.7
-6.7
-12.4
-3.0
-24.5
-3.7
-101.9
-39.6
-8.2
-14.3
-14.9
-10.2
-4.1
-23.6
-10.0
-6.2
4.1
-19.9
..
-7.2
-8.6
-4.5
..
2.8
-6.7
-15.2
-19.0
-9.6
-11.7
-5.6
-2.4
-3.1
1.6
-17.5
-6.7
3.6
-4.9
-4.2
-2.2
-1.7
-3.1
-6.2
19.1
-13.3
7.5
-14.2
-22.5
-0.7
-32.8
-6.9
-17.5
-21.8
-8.7
25.0
8.8
33.4
-44.2
-17.2
28.2
-11.3
-17.2
-3.1
-25.2
-9.4
-66.7
-46.6
-15.1
-16.9
-11.2
-21.6
-4.8
-15.4
-4.2
-8.8
10.9
-16.2
..
-15.7
-10.8
-13.9
..
0.3
-4.8
-7.2
-9.1
-16.1
-11.6
-3.1
-11.7
3.6
16.7
-12.9
-4.1
29.1
-6.6
-3.0
0.6
a. Provisional.
29
Table
2.23
Current prices
($ millions)
1980
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
79,567
52,145
40,208
3,993
264
2,087
340
89
2,251
0
220
234
36
2,759
1,502
3,421
42
..
672
2,740
190
993
829
24
2,207
98
..
512
447
415
465
1,724
201
1,220
372
12,366
145
..
1,453
230
146
90
27,149
499
658
538
545
312
1,180
2,009
47,088
14,546
244
8,647
11,468
6,830
5,353
126,772
185,099
127,221
88,566
13,780
539
4,444
549
64
3,061
296
168
2,252
55
1,976
3,744
7,517
4,724
64
1,498
4,465
198
3,487
862
..
4,283
696
124
1,424
655
1,237
470
3,450
1,759
2,630
491
38,609
232
..
2,123
685
247
..
57,890
3,822
2,056
2,520
747
1,008
2,079
2,001
107,580
34,067
246
22,258
21,117
16,726
13,166
292,638
233,717
166,090
113,791
24,286
577
5,256
542
92
3,393
367
170
3,234
55
2,450
5,123
8,354
7,183
68
1,858
5,610
204
3,907
994
..
5,342
669
129
1,422
663
1,359
671
3,761
2,087
2,937
512
52,238
295
..
2,344
717
292
..
67,647
4,992
2,250
2,945
847
1,310
2,482
1,931
139,233
48,761
288
27,214
29,230
19,234
14,505
372,898
278,472
200,187
137,155
33,346
538
5,292
665
93
4,131
500
207
3,852
57
2,621
6,507
9,144
8,332
84
2,105
5,912
222
5,136
1,108
..
6,101
765
186
1,640
705
1,884
1,454
4,009
2,722
3,180
..
62,959
344
..
2,401
860
355
..
78,318
6,013
2,259
3,233
841
1,524
4,120
1,957
167,999
56,953
307
32,191
40,275
22,449
15,823
446,412
323,452
233,953
165,863
44,707
900
5,964
..
93
4,563
570
254
3,845
68
2,707
6,592
9,466
10,298
86
2,489
7,203
231
6,041
1,267
..
7,294
832
239
2,227
1,033
1,871
1,449
4,509
2,839
4,468
..
68,061
410
..
2,871
993
346
..
89,549
9,288
2,311
4,079
957
1,993
4,802
2,000
198,536
63,297
484
39,469
48,510
26,892
19,883
521,931
397,178
299,421
213,004
64,243
1,019
5,662
..
106
7,718
708
211
4,413
74
2,719
8,912
10,890
14,520
61
3,038
9,675
227
7,140
1,259
..
8,411
915
292
2,498
1,206
..
2,114
5,103
3,192
4,787
..
86,396
680
..
3,498
1,091
319
..
98,005
12,974
1,793
5,208
1,123
3,506
5,267
1,831
254,602
79,123
..
53,800
62,780
33,312
24,966
651,768
300,792
223,380
161,187
41,451
922
3,745
..
98
5,895
570
290
2,879
79
1,908
6,756
9,722
8,549
84
3,381
6,143
229
7,609
1,671
..
7,386
784
176
2,447
1,240
..
1,521
4,323
2,398
4,301
..
62,227
610
..
3,117
912
296
..
77,548
8,223
1,755
4,963
1,162
3,753
4,560
1,798
177,527
40,454
..
47,164
..
26,094
19,606
480,784
374,652
275,208
200,864
51,400
937
4,917
..
124
6,502
640
..
3,331
..
3,412
10,221
9,316
..
..
3,392
8,094
230
9,461
1,649
..
8,861
955
247
..
1,547
..
2,241
5,098
2,421
4,738
..
74,610
610
..
3,186
..
327
..
99,399
13,242
2,027
5,975
1,185
4,087
7,142
3,608
197,350
49,939
..
46,732
..
29,965
21,569
578,332
64,895
38,474
30,911
2,613
214
999
189
111
2,240
18
181
153
22
2,016
1,092
3,142
32
..
608
1,964
108
554
660
15
1,805
67
519
414
295
255
387
807
215
1,139
420
7,725
173
..
989
123
187
119
26,088
841
394
..
464
371
1,060
1,530
34,578
12,221
..
6,654
..
3,790
3,312
100,096
87,503
55,756
43,527
4,265
327
2,378
286
89
2,198
62
185
254
40
1,595
1,393
4,129
160
132
715
2,728
195
1,684
798
32
2,594
187
43
673
465
514
556
2,257
373
1,543
325
12,563
107
..
1,347
298
155
90
31,523
579
886
949
441
500
1,099
2,467
49,081
12,420
210
12,435
8,527
8,363
7,126
136,621
234,335
168,508
119,586
27,851
636
4,314
417
78
4,058
402
197
2,292
55
2,026
5,263
7,734
6,160
77
1,986
5,398
201
4,849
1,091
62
5,478
645
204
1,613
834
1,262
1,036
3,845
1,961
3,224
403
48,935
342
..
2,327
750
256
..
65,869
6,070
1,798
3,283
820
1,812
3,149
2,175
139,197
41,927
276
30,567
27,469
20,236
15,249
374,308
a. Provisional.
30
Table
2.24
Current prices
($ millions)
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
74,234
53,382
45,113
2,147
486
1,888
758
314
1,931
0
411
485
93
2,731
1,282
2,927
92
..
1,069
1,837
227
1,522
892
90
2,691
666
..
864
629
817
619
1,915
888
1,584
545
8,203
364
..
1,840
246
154
346
21,016
877
768
1,595
738
834
1,203
2,002
53,378
15,472
355
14,109
8,996
8,227
6,220
127,918
181,588
123,074
95,531
10,621
1,055
3,707
1,240
225
3,128
643
246
2,241
120
2,551
2,363
6,093
2,882
663
3,175
2,299
282
5,356
947
..
5,290
1,602
315
2,072
1,134
1,841
1,221
3,601
2,381
2,780
795
27,282
517
..
3,162
671
367
..
58,544
4,650
2,117
3,343
1,121
1,807
2,319
2,413
89,716
21,808
361
23,330
10,723
19,547
13,947
271,113
220,707
151,942
116,769
15,144
1,120
3,534
1,390
323
3,562
647
289
2,324
138
3,036
3,318
7,132
3,583
603
4,366
2,400
309
6,617
1,031
..
6,740
1,654
413
2,296
1,438
1,979
1,802
4,138
2,891
2,927
825
34,849
651
..
3,700
908
452
..
68,809
7,701
2,356
4,205
1,241
2,292
2,631
2,446
104,096
24,838
361
29,246
12,452
22,569
14,630
324,566
259,629
174,943
133,839
16,289
1,075
3,451
1,547
447
3,763
805
324
2,509
156
3,789
5,073
7,356
3,179
465
5,548
3,037
309
8,304
1,202
..
8,514
1,702
862
2,525
1,468
2,360
1,581
4,744
3,351
3,317
..
40,726
787
..
4,037
1,034
463
..
84,706
9,992
2,329
5,116
1,236
2,829
3,221
2,551
116,482
25,211
441
33,931
14,383
26,044
16,471
375,813
306,452
208,566
165,191
26,305
1,750
4,438
..
569
4,395
1,035
381
3,670
192
3,780
4,493
8,302
3,809
474
6,262
3,805
336
10,057
1,460
..
10,268
1,885
897
3,823
1,469
2,542
2,054
5,234
3,626
4,583
..
43,039
955
..
5,400
1,313
462
..
97,946
11,042
2,350
6,915
1,375
3,581
4,068
2,455
153,178
31,633
654
45,443
21,074
33,750
20,624
459,396
383,052
277,279
215,685
43,122
1,928
5,159
..
677
8,435
1,224
468
4,195
256
4,499
5,574
9,085
5,814
361
8,215
4,652
385
12,690
1,460
..
12,719
1,968
1,230
5,357
2,092
..
2,937
6,373
4,585
5,387
..
61,006
1,423
..
7,018
1,271
575
..
106,345
12,537
2,074
8,035
1,643
4,618
4,909
3,005
200,067
39,171
..
62,909
25,589
45,214
26,329
582,915
2009
330,040
250,911
202,261
41,829
1,875
4,934
..
609
6,967
1,087
449
4,794
258
3,413
4,816
7,866
7,063
380
9,240
4,215
377
10,989
1,865
..
11,196
1,978
883
4,484
1,991
..
2,027
5,151
4,190
5,524
..
48,373
1,524
..
5,497
975
539
..
79,982
11,381
2,140
7,511
1,656
5,557
4,118
3,662
173,941
34,282
..
59,713
..
36,084
20,872
503,682
2010a
378,688
278,780
216,094
35,421
1,839
5,956
..
740
7,200
1,113
..
5,213
..
5,097
6,568
8,270
..
..
9,653
4,754
409
13,265
1,859
..
12,192
2,482
1,081
..
2,387
..
2,661
6,202
4,144
4,603
..
61,486
1,721
..
5,530
..
564
..
100,119
12,665
2,522
8,653
1,709
5,833
5,672
5,831
178,504
34,820
..
57,200
..
38,969
23,921
557,929
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
66,191
44,684
37,060
1,895
447
842
567
254
2,219
62
292
305
67
2,107
1,093
2,906
61
..
1,093
1,586
137
709
658
67
2,154
496
491
668
384
536
576
853
773
1,284
583
7,362
354
..
1,408
123
225
403
21,441
1,744
515
..
542
619
1,148
1,598
40,555
13,875
..
10,787
..
4,955
3,834
107,439
90,234
62,348
51,051
4,032
579
1,916
640
234
1,816
175
282
469
93
1,537
1,309
3,406
270
482
1,330
1,823
242
2,509
905
91
3,071
926
180
942
716
882
692
2,400
1,001
1,844
448
11,214
405
..
1,719
344
191
346
27,961
1,289
1,109
1,986
586
1,039
1,283
2,644
53,671
11,636
295
16,572
7,464
9,907
7,797
144,006
230,880
164,173
128,053
19,734
1,241
3,688
1,016
380
4,239
746
301
2,740
143
2,854
3,581
6,340
3,238
498
4,980
2,905
291
7,433
1,206
114
7,608
1,513
572
2,624
1,378
1,742
1,524
4,275
2,962
3,514
629
35,781
850
..
3,879
850
426
..
66,885
7,383
1,971
4,804
1,178
2,947
3,022
2,854
116,148
24,192
365
36,045
12,328
25,027
16,219
346,946
a. Provisional.
31
Table
2.25
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
31.9
29.0
28.9
..
15.8
53.1
9.0
8.8
27.9
17.1
25.2
16.9
8.7
16.5
60.0
35.0
..
..
..
64.7
42.7
8.5
..
12.7
29.5
21.0
71.8
13.3
24.8
14.7
36.8
51.0
10.9
78.9
24.6
29.4
14.4
..
23.9
68.0
22.9
33.2
35.4
10.6
74.6
..
51.1
19.4
41.4
23.4
30.2
34.3
..
30.5
..
17.4
40.2
31.2
26.4
27.9
24.4
38.9
14.3
55.1
11.0
7.9
20.2
0.0
14.8
13.5
14.3
29.5
53.7
31.7
32.2
..
5.6
46.0
59.9
16.9
31.1
9.9
25.7
18.1
..
16.6
23.8
17.2
45.6
65.0
8.2
51.9
15.0
43.4
5.6
..
25.4
62.5
22.5
9.8
24.2
4.0
59.0
12.6
33.5
7.2
35.9
22.9
26.5
23.4
53.8
20.1
39.7
26.5
43.6
26.4
31.1
34.5
32.4
69.7
13.3
44.2
10.7
7.1
19.4
32.0
13.2
51.0
15.1
30.4
80.5
48.6
90.1
5.8
14.9
62.2
34.2
39.3
23.5
..
26.6
56.4
26.5
32.6
25.0
25.4
25.7
54.0
30.9
39.8
16.1
44.0
11.1
..
26.4
97.8
22.5
..
26.4
17.6
84.9
19.7
38.6
12.7
38.2
34.5
36.8
40.1
37.0
28.2
63.3
29.4
42.2
33.5
32.7
36.5
34.2
86.0
13.5
51.3
9.9
8.2
20.5
37.8
12.6
61.0
14.1
34.1
84.2
51.1
87.4
6.2
15.1
64.7
32.1
36.5
33.8
..
28.5
48.9
23.8
28.2
24.1
25.6
30.7
59.9
31.7
40.5
15.0
46.5
11.4
..
26.9
78.2
23.6
..
27.4
18.2
87.1
20.8
40.0
14.2
34.6
33.6
40.4
47.7
40.6
30.3
66.4
32.3
44.9
35.9
33.4
35.8
34.3
79.8
11.4
47.0
11.4
7.5
23.0
45.1
14.0
63.2
14.2
29.7
84.2
52.7
86.8
6.9
13.9
61.9
33.2
25.2
39.3
..
27.1
53.5
30.8
29.7
22.6
32.1
47.8
61.6
38.4
39.9
..
42.9
11.1
..
25.6
84.3
24.9
..
30.0
16.5
76.6
22.6
38.2
15.3
38.5
36.0
41.4
48.6
39.9
30.0
71.3
34.2
46.0
36.8
33.7
35.5
34.2
74.0
16.2
48.2
..
7.0
22.1
42.8
15.0
54.8
14.7
27.0
78.5
47.8
81.9
6.5
12.7
62.3
27.7
24.5
30.1
..
26.8
52.1
32.4
30.3
29.9
26.2
43.2
57.9
35.4
50.7
..
41.0
11.0
..
25.4
97.4
20.8
..
31.3
20.0
75.7
24.2
37.9
16.7
41.6
37.8
41.4
46.6
57.1
30.3
67.6
35.8
51.1
36.9
36.1
36.4
35.1
76.3
15.2
42.1
..
6.5
32.5
45.3
10.7
52.8
13.9
23.3
75.2
46.5
78.8
4.4
11.4
66.6
21.8
25.0
33.3
..
27.6
56.3
34.4
26.6
29.6
..
59.0
52.9
32.3
54.2
..
41.7
14.4
..
26.1
113.3
16.3
..
35.8
22.4
59.4
25.1
35.5
24.3
36.0
41.5
43.0
46.3
..
33.0
67.4
37.5
55.6
39.1
29.9
31.8
30.6
54.9
14.0
32.5
..
5.4
26.6
35.6
14.7
40.6
14.7
17.0
70.4
42.2
69.9
4.5
10.6
56.1
23.2
29.3
40.1
..
24.2
45.8
20.1
28.8
26.2
..
50.2
49.0
24.8
48.2
..
36.9
11.6
..
24.4
108.4
16.0
..
27.4
15.1
59.5
23.2
36.8
23.8
35.6
30.8
28.7
29.3
..
25.0
..
28.7
45.1
29.4
31.2
34.3
33.4
62.3
14.3
33.0
..
6.1
28.9
38.6
..
39.0
..
26.0
85.1
40.6
..
..
11.4
61.3
21.9
29.4
34.8
..
27.5
43.8
25.0
..
30.6
..
62.0
52.5
26.3
42.6
..
37.9
10.9
..
24.8
..
17.1
..
27.3
19.8
54.8
26.1
37.3
23.8
44.1
48.3
28.4
30.8
..
21.4
..
33.0
48.8
30.1
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
26.9
25.4
26.4
34.8
16.6
62.0
9.5
10.4
25.7
13.2
20.5
14.3
14.7
21.4
52.0
37.1
35.9
..
6.6
53.3
47.8
11.2
30.2
9.9
25.7
16.9
61.2
13.6
23.7
15.8
47.9
54.4
6.8
61.2
21.0
21.4
10.4
..
27.4
62.1
19.5
15.5
28.8
7.4
70.2
..
46.1
11.6
34.4
21.4
24.1
23.8
..
22.2
..
22.2
36.9
25.8
27.2
29.9
27.1
63.5
16.4
51.5
11.1
9.0
20.9
12.4
16.2
16.1
17.3
23.1
60.2
36.8
52.9
22.0
8.1
54.0
28.8
25.2
23.8
13.3
27.6
25.0
11.4
20.1
25.1
20.8
41.2
61.5
12.8
49.7
16.2
42.0
6.1
..
26.4
59.9
19.8
9.8
23.5
5.4
61.0
15.9
30.2
9.8
32.8
33.2
25.9
25.8
43.2
21.8
28.7
26.0
41.2
26.7
32.3
34.4
32.6
73.9
14.1
44.3
9.7
6.5
23.5
36.2
14.6
39.2
15.2
25.1
79.8
46.1
89.1
8.0
12.7
61.1
27.3
35.1
30.7
30.1
25.6
50.3
34.1
27.5
26.3
28.5
38.9
57.8
28.7
44.3
16.2
42.0
10.5
..
26.5
91.8
19.7
..
29.5
16.9
77.7
20.8
37.5
16.0
34.6
36.3
34.4
40.0
40.7
24.7
56.9
31.6
45.1
33.2
a. Provisional.
32
Table
2.26
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010a
30.9
33.8
37.7
..
37.3
66.4
31.3
23.3
27.1
67.0
41.1
28.9
51.9
16.4
60.1
41.2
..
..
..
31.6
63.6
9.2
..
41.8
35.9
110.1
71.8
29.7
38.8
29.1
66.7
61.2
27.4
71.1
38.1
19.2
26.4
..
38.4
79.1
38.2
88.5
27.4
23.2
114.1
..
56.4
26.0
45.4
26.5
37.3
30.3
..
42.9
..
26.7
45.6
33.5
25.4
30.2
30.5
20.9
26.3
49.8
24.5
27.8
17.3
0.0
27.6
27.9
37.2
29.2
45.8
27.1
69.6
..
8.9
30.9
71.6
25.9
33.4
37.0
31.3
123.2
..
28.0
33.4
33.7
60.7
72.2
36.1
67.4
22.0
28.8
14.1
..
32.2
66.7
23.8
37.7
18.8
7.1
68.9
37.5
45.3
19.4
36.6
22.8
32.4
24.9
78.4
32.7
31.1
31.9
50.6
28.4
32.4
36.6
37.8
53.7
26.1
36.9
24.3
25.1
19.8
69.6
19.4
50.8
33.0
39.2
50.8
39.4
55.0
59.8
31.6
32.0
48.8
60.4
25.8
..
32.9
129.8
67.4
47.5
43.2
37.8
66.6
56.4
41.8
42.1
26.0
31.1
24.8
..
39.4
95.8
33.5
..
26.7
21.5
87.5
26.1
57.9
22.8
42.6
41.6
31.2
25.7
54.2
29.6
32.1
34.3
44.7
31.9
34.0
38.4
40.0
53.6
26.1
34.5
25.5
28.9
21.5
66.6
21.4
43.8
35.8
42.2
54.5
43.6
43.6
54.9
35.5
27.7
48.6
61.7
35.1
..
36.0
120.9
76.3
45.6
52.2
37.3
82.5
65.9
43.9
40.3
24.2
31.1
25.2
..
42.5
99.0
36.5
..
27.9
28.1
91.2
29.7
58.7
24.8
36.7
42.5
32.2
24.3
50.9
32.6
28.3
37.9
45.3
33.2
35.3
37.4
39.6
39.0
22.7
30.7
26.5
36.1
21.0
72.7
21.9
41.1
38.6
43.0
65.6
42.4
33.1
38.4
36.6
31.8
46.4
40.7
42.6
..
37.8
119.1
142.7
45.8
47.1
40.2
52.0
72.9
47.2
41.6
..
27.7
25.3
..
43.1
101.4
32.5
..
32.5
27.5
79.0
35.7
56.1
28.4
30.1
46.9
31.3
21.5
57.3
31.6
25.5
39.7
47.9
33.6
36.2
37.6
40.3
43.5
31.6
35.9
..
43.1
21.3
77.8
22.5
52.3
41.3
37.7
53.5
41.9
30.3
36.0
32.0
32.9
40.3
40.8
34.7
..
37.7
118.0
121.4
52.1
42.5
35.6
61.2
67.2
45.2
52.0
..
25.9
25.6
..
47.7
128.9
27.8
..
34.2
23.7
77.0
41.1
54.5
30.1
35.2
46.4
34.9
23.3
77.2
34.8
29.4
44.9
53.0
35.6
39.8
40.6
43.2
51.2
28.9
38.4
..
41.8
35.5
78.4
23.6
50.2
48.3
38.5
47.0
38.8
31.6
26.1
30.8
32.0
37.1
44.5
38.6
..
41.7
121.0
144.6
57.0
51.4
..
81.9
66.1
46.4
60.9
..
29.5
30.2
..
52.4
132.0
29.4
..
38.8
21.6
68.7
38.8
51.9
32.0
33.5
68.1
37.4
22.9
..
38.6
27.5
50.9
58.7
38.8
34.2
38.7
41.0
55.4
28.5
42.8
..
33.6
31.4
67.9
22.7
67.7
48.2
30.5
50.2
34.1
57.7
20.4
28.9
38.5
38.3
42.3
44.8
..
36.6
115.6
100.4
52.8
42.1
..
67.0
58.4
43.3
61.9
..
28.7
29.0
..
43.1
115.9
29.0
..
28.3
20.8
72.5
35.2
52.5
35.2
32.2
62.7
33.0
24.8
..
31.6
..
39.7
48.0
33.7
34.0
39.0
40.9
43.0
28.1
40.0
..
36.5
32.0
67.1
..
61.0
..
38.9
54.7
36.1
..
..
32.5
36.0
38.9
41.2
39.3
..
37.9
113.9
109.5
..
47.2
..
73.6
63.8
45.0
41.3
..
31.2
30.6
..
43.0
..
29.5
..
27.5
18.9
68.2
37.8
53.8
33.9
35.0
78.0
30.7
21.5
..
26.1
..
42.9
54.1
32.7
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
27.4
30.1
32.6
25.6
34.1
56.7
29.2
23.8
25.3
45.2
32.5
27.7
47.9
22.2
52.6
33.9
64.5
..
11.9
43.6
61.0
14.3
29.9
42.8
30.6
126.9
58.0
21.3
30.4
33.4
72.2
57.6
25.1
68.7
29.0
20.3
20.7
..
39.6
64.4
22.5
50.6
23.8
15.7
93.7
..
53.3
17.8
36.5
22.2
33.0
26.3
..
35.4
..
29.7
43.1
29.6
28.6
34.4
33.6
61.3
28.9
41.7
24.6
23.4
17.2
35.0
24.0
29.7
40.2
21.9
57.3
30.3
98.6
77.8
14.9
36.3
35.5
37.6
26.9
37.8
31.4
126.9
51.0
28.3
39.4
35.7
51.4
65.6
36.4
59.7
22.4
37.8
26.0
..
33.5
68.4
24.2
37.7
20.7
12.1
76.1
34.9
39.8
21.5
38.4
35.6
29.1
24.2
60.7
28.5
25.1
30.9
45.3
28.8
34.0
37.4
38.9
54.8
27.4
36.9
23.9
29.0
24.2
69.0
21.5
56.7
37.0
33.8
54.9
37.4
55.8
52.2
30.0
32.9
38.6
52.3
33.8
55.3
35.1
117.0
80.7
42.6
43.2
39.6
60.5
62.7
44.1
48.4
25.0
31.1
26.7
..
42.2
102.7
33.5
..
29.2
21.7
84.9
29.9
53.6
27.6
37.6
48.0
30.7
23.3
53.6
28.8
27.8
38.1
48.1
32.6
a. Provisional.
33
Table
2.27
Balance of payments
andcurrent account
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
374,652
275,208
200,864
51,400
937
4,917
..
124
6,502
640
..
3,331
..
3,412
10,221
9,316
..
..
3,392
8,094
230
9,461
1,649
..
8,861
955
247
..
1,547
..
2,241
5,098
2,421
4,738
..
74,610
610
..
3,186
..
327
..
99,399
13,242
2,027
5,975
1,185
4,087
7,142
3,608
197,350
49,939
..
46,732
..
29,965
21,569
578,332
31.2
34.3
33.4
62.3
14.3
33.0
..
6.1
28.9
38.6
..
39.0
..
26.0
85.1
40.6
..
..
11.4
61.3
21.9
29.4
34.8
..
27.5
43.8
25.0
..
30.6
..
62.0
52.5
26.3
42.6
..
37.9
10.9
..
24.8
..
17.1
..
27.3
19.8
54.8
26.1
37.3
23.8
44.1
48.3
28.4
30.8
..
21.4
..
33.0
48.8
30.1
378,688
278,780
216,094
35,421
1,839
5,956
..
740
7,200
1,113
..
5,213
..
5,096
6,568
8,270
..
..
9,653
4,754
409
13,265
1,859
..
12,192
2,482
1,081
..
2,387
..
2,661
6,202
4,144
4,603
..
61,486
1,721
..
5,530
..
564
..
100,119
12,665
2,522
8,653
1,709
5,833
5,672
5,831
178,504
34,820
..
57,200
..
38,969
23,921
557,929
34.0
39.0
40.9
43.0
28.1
40.0
..
36.5
32.0
67.1
..
61.0
..
38.9
54.7
36.1
..
..
32.5
36.0
38.9
41.2
39.3
..
37.9
113.9
109.5
..
47.2
..
73.6
63.8
45.0
41.3
..
31.2
30.6
..
43.0
..
29.5
..
27.5
18.9
68.2
37.8
53.8
33.9
35.0
78.0
30.7
21.5
..
26.1
..
42.9
54.1
32.7
753,340
553,987
416,958
86,822
2,776
10,873
..
864
13,702
1,753
..
8,544
..
8,508
16,789
17,586
..
..
13,045
12,848
639
22,726
3,508
..
21,053
3,437
1,329
..
3,934
..
4,902
11,300
6,564
9,340
..
136,096
2,332
..
8,716
..
891
..
199,518
25,907
4,549
14,628
2,894
9,920
12,814
9,439
375,854
84,759
..
103,932
..
68,934
45,490
1,136,260
65.2
73.2
74.2
105.3
42.3
73.0
..
42.7
61.0
105.7
..
100.0
..
64.9
139.8
76.7
..
..
44.0
97.3
60.8
70.6
74.1
..
65.4
157.7
134.5
..
77.8
..
135.6
116.3
71.3
83.9
..
69.1
41.5
..
67.8
..
46.6
..
54.9
38.7
123.0
63.8
91.1
57.7
79.1
126.3
59.2
52.3
..
47.5
..
75.9
102.8
62.8
a. Provisional.
34
Net income
Current prices
Share of GDP
($ millions)
(%)
a
2010
2010a
..
..
..
-8,172
..
-243
..
-11
-239
-68
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-64
..
-8
-535
-77
..
-155
532
24
..
..
..
..
202
-85
-564
..
-18,623
-46
0
..
-65
-49
..
-7,224
-2,472
-226
-216
..
-291
-1,363
..
..
-368
17
-5,912
-30
-1,242
-1,925
..
..
..
..
-9.9
..
-1.6
..
-0.5
-1.1
-4.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.2
..
-0.8
-1.7
-1.6
..
-0.5
24.4
2.5
..
..
..
..
2.1
-0.9
-5.1
..
-9.5
-0.8
-0.2
..
-6.7
-2.5
..
-2.0
-3.7
-6.1
-0.9
..
-1.7
-8.4
..
..
-0.2
..
-2.7
..
-1.4
-4.4
..
..
..
..
-438
..
979
..
136
146
341
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4,905
..
113
2,322
17
..
2,286
661
959
..
..
..
..
183
657
1,232
..
20,093
657
3
..
25
185
..
-2,278
2,131
400
824
..
1,313
432
..
..
2,650
95
12,439
-1,828
7,270
1,935
..
..
..
..
-0.5
..
6.6
..
6.7
0.7
20.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
..
10.7
7.2
0.4
..
7.1
30.3
97.1
..
..
..
..
1.9
7.1
11.1
..
10.2
11.7
1.3
..
2.6
9.7
..
-0.6
3.2
10.8
3.6
..
7.6
2.7
..
..
1.6
..
5.7
..
8.0
4.4
..
-14,147
-4,029
-6,506
7,421
..
46
..
-301
-856
-184
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-425
..
52
-2,700
-327
..
-2,512
-421
-415
..
..
..
..
-800
-1,113
30
..
2,476
-421
-107
..
-225
-320
..
-10,117
157
-388
-1,978
..
-1,859
1,144
..
18,464
12,146
50
-4,504
16,801
-3,925
-2,104
4,317
-1.5
-0.7
-1.7
9.0
..
0.3
..
-14.8
-3.8
-11.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-1.4
..
5.0
-8.4
-6.9
..
-7.8
-19.3
-42.0
..
..
..
..
-8.2
-12.1
0.3
..
1.3
-7.5
-53.4
..
-23.4
-16.8
..
-2.8
0.2
-10.5
-8.6
..
-10.8
7.1
..
0.3
7.5
..
-2.1
..
-4.3
-4.8
-0.9
163,563
119,744
83,859
19,749
1,200
7,885
1,068
332
3,643
382
181
632
146
1,300
4,447
3,624
2,346
114
..
1,736
202
5,158
..
156
4,321
..
..
1,172
325
1,344
288
2,619
2,265
1,696
760
35,885
813
49
2,047
236
409
..
43,820
1,036
756
3,905
715
2,706
2,094
..
347,256
170,461
249
37,029
106,144
23,609
9,764
510,820
14.6
15.9
15.1
24.0
18.3
52.9
12.1
16.4
16.2
23.0
9.1
7.4
27.0
9.9
37.0
15.8
16.2
5.4
..
13.2
19.2
16.0
..
18.7
13.4
..
..
13.4
6.4
14.3
8.0
27.0
24.6
15.2
14.1
18.2
14.5
24.6
15.9
24.5
21.4
..
12.1
1.6
20.5
17.0
22.5
15.7
12.9
..
59.2
105.2
..
16.9
..
26.0
22.1
30.0
35
Table
2.28
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
36
62.4
233.9
3.4
204.5
433.1
255.5
68.6
275.9
256.5
235.8
317.5
371.3
307.0
370.3
8.1
3.5
307.4
7.6
0.9
1,992.2
229.8
35.1
4.3
32.1
796.0
51.7
268.2
107.2
17.2
13.1
5.3
235.1
77.1
239.5
9,313.4
271.6
4.7
1,336.1
..
4.5
1.4
4.2
460.4
258.0
667.2
3,193.3
..
57.2
231.6
3.2
207.2
481.2
244.2
70.7
282.7
229.4
244.1
424.5
291.6
303.6
242.6
10.3
4.4
245.1
8.0
1.0
2,105.5
229.9
37.9
4.5
31.3
854.0
54.7
274.7
99.9
17.0
13.5
5.5
242.2
72.9
263.8
10,464.1
264.8
5.9
1,391.3
..
4.7
1.4
4.1
489.1
260.2
756.4
3,498.9
..
69.2
232.3
3.7
210.5
512.1
248.7
72.2
284.4
253.9
250.5
512.6
348.1
305.9
300.4
11.4
4.5
287.5
8.4
1.2
2,501.9
231.2
38.3
4.6
33.0
912.4
57.8
283.0
117.8
17.1
14.6
5.5
239.4
78.8
267.3
11,559.3
265.5
5.5
1,572.9
..
5.1
1.6
4.3
517.1
261.8
818.9
3,864.3
..
75.0
447.8
6.8
447.8
1,185.7
447.8
75.3
447.8
447.8
335.9
559.3
447.8
447.8
447.8
15.4
9.6
447.8
22.2
1.1
4,601.7
447.8
69.2
8.3
63.2
1,708.4
140.5
447.8
238.2
28.5
24.3
8.3
447.8
118.6
546.9
14,695.2
447.8
9.5
2,981.5
..
8.3
2.1
8.3
1,196.3
447.8
1,720.4
3,745.7
..
79.3
472.2
7.2
472.2
1,230.2
472.2
79.4
472.2
472.2
354.1
809.8
472.2
472.2
472.2
15.4
11.8
472.2
26.6
1.4
4,801.1
472.2
77.4
8.5
68.3
1,956.2
141.2
472.2
262.4
32.0
27.5
8.5
472.2
148.9
568.3
16,208.5
472.2
13.6
3,385.7
..
8.5
2.3
8.5
1,320.3
472.2
2,030.5
5,046.1
..
91.9
495.3
6.8
495.3
1,230.8
495.3
83.3
495.3
495.3
371.5
905.9
495.3
495.3
495.3
15.4
14.4
495.3
28.0
1.4
5,726.1
495.3
79.2
7.3
71.4
2,090.0
150.5
495.3
275.9
30.8
34.0
7.3
495.3
150.3
583.1
18,498.6
495.3
12.1
3,978.1
..
7.3
2.3
7.3
1,409.3
495.3
2,177.6
4,797.1
..
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.9
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.7
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
..
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.9
..
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.4
..
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.7
..
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.9
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.4
0.8
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
..
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.4
0.8
..
40.1
92.8
2.0
1.1
5.0
0.6
35.2
93.4
2.2
0.7
5.0
0.6
40.5
..
2.4
..
5.0
0.6
64.6
177.7
5.4
1.2
7.8
1.2
72.7
177.7
5.5
1.3
8.1
1.4
74.4
177.7
5.6
1.3
8.4
1.4
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.9
0.7
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.6
0.6
0.5
0.5
..
0.4
..
0.6
0.4
2008
105.8
106.0
105.8
..
..
..
..
100.6
105.6
..
113.3
..
..
106.3
..
105.8
115.5
..
..
104.5
114.8
99.5
..
..
..
87.7
..
..
98.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
116.4
..
..
..
..
112.5
..
80.4
..
..
..
104.3
106.3
138.7
..
100.1
103.2
..
..
..
100.1
95.4
105.0
107.6
107.7
107.6
..
..
..
..
110.6
107.8
..
115.6
..
..
597.4
..
105.5
119.3
..
..
105.3
104.0
91.6
..
..
..
93.2
..
..
107.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
109.0
..
..
..
..
114.1
..
87.6
..
..
..
104.5
105.3
119.1
..
102.0
102.0
..
..
..
102.2
94.3
105.4
2010
106.1
108.2
106.1
..
..
..
..
113.3
101.1
..
110.3
..
..
1,025.3
..
99.6
120.5
..
..
101.3
101.0
97.6
..
..
..
106.1
..
..
101.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
117.9
..
..
..
..
110.2
..
101.2
..
..
..
98.1
111.4
126.0
..
98.0
102.4
..
..
..
98.0
93.6
101.9
2008
PPP $ billions
2009
2010
1,749.2
1,249.0
926.3
101.2
12.8
26.7
18.3
4.4
41.6
1.7
3.2
14.6
0.8
20.6
14.3
34.2
22.3
2.6
70.2
21.2
3.0
34.9
10.4
1.6
60.1
3.1
1.7
20.2
11.1
14.6
8.0
15.9
18.4
13.7
10.2
318.3
10.8
0.3
22.1
1.9
4.4
..
508.8
88.1
5.9
53.8
5.5
36.7
17.2
..
1,052.1
275.4
1.9
443.5
102.3
137.2
91.8
2,798.5
1,814.6
1,318.0
968.8
104.7
13.4
25.6
19.0
4.6
42.9
1.8
3.3
14.6
0.8
21.4
15.5
35.8
23.8
2.8
77.2
21.1
3.3
36.6
10.5
1.7
62.4
3.2
1.9
19.4
12.2
15.4
8.0
16.6
19.8
13.8
10.2
344.2
11.3
0.3
22.8
2.0
4.5
..
506.3
92.6
6.1
57.7
5.7
39.8
18.5
..
1,102.7
285.0
2.0
469.3
105.6
145.3
95.6
2,914.5
1,931.6
1,415.5
1,034.4
109.5
14.0
27.8
20.8
4.9
44.8
1.9
3.5
16.7
0.8
23.2
17.1
37.1
23.9
2.9
85.8
22.7
3.5
40.0
10.8
1.8
66.6
3.5
2.1
20.0
13.2
16.5
8.5
17.5
21.4
14.9
11.2
375.4
12.3
0.3
24.0
2.1
4.8
..
526.9
97.8
6.3
62.5
6.0
42.6
20.1
..
1,162.2
297.8
..
499.1
..
152.4
99.6
3,091.5
2008
Per capita
PPP $
2009
2010
2,176.0
1,654.1
1,532.6
5,608.7
1,531.4
13,638.7
1,178.5
558.6
2,217.8
3,517.7
759.4
1,370.1
1,083.1
329.2
3,727.9
1,799.1
33,643.2
531.8
883.5
14,593.4
1,857.9
1,498.4
1,091.2
1,129.9
1,563.7
1,465.1
458.4
1,031.5
791.3
1,009.2
2,417.5
12,550.6
823.8
6,230.6
708.0
2,112.5
1,075.2
1,810.9
1,872.3
22,100.8
777.3
..
10,427.4
2,127.4
5,747.0
1,312.0
950.5
1,171.6
1,387.2
..
6,518.3
7,998.4
2,199.6
5,663.0
16,634.5
4,313.2
8,884.4
2,899.2
2,203.2
1,702.2
1,563.0
5,643.3
1,560.6
12,941.5
1,190.4
567.9
2,236.5
3,655.2
766.1
1,332.6
1,085.3
332.9
3,941.0
1,851.9
34,959.0
541.8
950.6
14,273.5
1,948.2
1,537.7
1,076.9
1,152.0
1,580.7
1,507.6
499.6
966.2
845.5
1,033.6
2,354.6
13,002.5
864.9
6,153.1
684.3
2,227.9
1,097.5
1,872.6
1,880.7
22,364.6
792.8
..
10,265.3
2,179.3
5,812.0
1,365.4
970.6
1,229.5
1,451.4
..
6,728.9
8,153.8
2,290.1
5,886.7
16,854.6
4,519.6
9,158.8
2,951.5
2,288.7
1,782.8
1,627.6
5,739.9
1,580.3
13,831.8
1,260.9
581.1
2,284.2
3,855.6
785.4
1,483.9
1,091.9
351.2
4,226.5
1,880.5
34,128.7
543.5
1,034.7
15,105.9
2,034.7
1,640.9
1,085.9
1,181.0
1,643.9
1,594.1
535.2
964.4
882.9
1,073.1
2,445.7
13,632.7
913.1
6,515.1
721.6
2,369.5
1,155.1
1,945.2
1,929.0
24,356.1
823.2
..
10,540.2
2,245.8
5,928.3
1,435.1
996.9
1,275.5
1,555.1
..
6,987.3
8,395.5
..
6,152.6
..
4,691.1
9,443.2
3,060.0
37
Table
2.29
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2010a
18.5
31.5
31.5
..
35.4
14.7
29.4
62.3
31.3
18.6
40.0
45.1
34.0
26.8
11.7
25.9
..
..
..
6.8
30.9
60.1
..
44.3
32.6
24.6
..
30.1
43.7
48.3
30.4
13.1
37.1
11.2
43.1
..
45.9
..
20.1
6.8
33.0
68.4
6.2
32.9
22.7
..
27.5
72.0
15.1
15.7
15.7
8.5
..
18.3
..
18.5
16.3
17.3
18.8
31.4
31.4
17.9
36.1
4.9
28.8
55.9
24.6
14.4
47.6
29.3
41.4
31.0
12.9
32.5
61.6
..
54.3
7.3
29.0
45.1
23.8
60.8
29.5
25.0
..
28.6
45.0
45.5
29.6
12.9
37.1
11.7
35.3
..
32.6
..
19.9
4.8
46.9
65.5
4.6
40.6
10.4
46.0
33.8
56.6
20.6
16.5
17.0
11.4
3.1
19.4
..
18.3
17.7
18.1
17.1
27.2
25.7
8.6
32.1
2.0
32.9
44.6
20.5
9.9
55.3
23.5
50.9
47.3
5.5
23.2
4.1
11.6
44.2
5.6
28.7
41.6
25.1
..
28.0
9.6
..
28.8
34.6
36.4
35.5
6.5
27.4
9.7
..
34.2
38.6
22.6
15.9
3.0
44.9
..
3.1
35.2
8.9
33.3
36.2
22.9
23.0
19.6
12.3
10.2
3.6
15.2
3.0
16.3
11.0
15.0
16.5
26.6
25.3
8.5
32.2
1.8
34.1
44.5
19.5
9.0
54.4
12.3
51.0
45.5
4.5
22.8
2.6
24.2
46.7
4.9
28.4
40.9
24.2
..
27.2
9.0
..
28.3
32.6
36.6
30.5
6.0
27.0
11.3
..
32.8
38.4
16.8
16.7
2.4
51.6
..
2.7
32.0
8.8
31.8
39.4
26.7
23.3
18.6
11.3
8.2
3.5
14.9
2.3
14.7
10.1
14.3
16.0
25.7
24.2
7.7
..
1.8
33.3
43.7
19.9
8.3
55.0
11.7
45.2
45.7
4.0
22.9
2.8
26.1
47.9
4.9
22.1
30.4
23.8
..
26.8
7.9
..
27.5
31.2
36.9
22.9
5.6
27.9
10.5
..
32.0
38.4
..
14.8
2.3
51.1
..
2.9
30.1
7.8
30.4
35.9
25.6
22.4
20.3
11.2
8.0
3.5
14.1
2.0
16.9
10.2
14.0
15.8
25.1
23.3
7.9
..
2.0
..
37.8
19.5
7.2
53.9
12.5
45.3
42.5
4.3
23.9
2.7
25.4
46.2
4.9
21.0
29.1
25.4
..
25.0
7.7
..
25.7
30.3
36.5
25.6
4.5
27.7
9.4
..
32.7
35.7
..
13.4
2.1
49.9
..
3.4
28.1
8.0
30.0
35.8
23.6
21.8
21.6
10.7
8.0
3.9
14.1
2.1
13.7
9.4
13.6
13.0
22.9
22.9
6.6
..
2.0
..
35.4
..
6.4
52.9
13.6
45.8
40.2
3.7
25.0
2.0
17.4
43.9
4.1
24.8
31.0
24.9
..
25.8
8.0
..
24.8
30.1
..
18.9
4.1
30.5
9.3
..
..
32.4
..
15.6
2.0
50.2
..
3.2
26.3
7.9
29.7
40.7
22.7
19.0
19.4
10.2
6.9
..
13.2
1.9
14.6
8.5
11.7
13.5
24.2
24.2
10.2
..
3.0
..
35.2
..
8.8
56.5
..
46.3
42.9
4.5
24.7
3.2
14.5
50.8
5.4
26.8
31.8
16.9
..
27.2
7.7
..
29.1
30.5
..
20.2
3.9
31.5
9.4
..
..
33.9
..
17.2
1.8
52.3
..
3.0
29.7
8.7
28.8
42.7
24.7
21.6
17.2
12.0
6.9
..
13.7
..
16.4
8.9
12.9
11.2
..
21.1
9.8
..
2.5
..
35.2
..
9.9
..
..
..
..
3.8
22.8
..
..
47.7
4.1
28.5
29.9
13.0
..
25.2
8.6
..
..
..
..
17.2
3.7
31.9
7.5
..
..
32.2
..
17.4
..
49.0
..
2.5
23.6
8.0
28.1
42.8
24.3
9.2
16.0
11.9
6.9
..
14.0
..
15.4
8.0
11.5
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
18.4
31.0
31.0
15.2
33.8
8.7
29.8
58.1
25.7
14.9
44.3
36.9
36.3
30.4
10.0
27.2
65.9
..
56.5
7.7
34.0
52.5
24.0
48.6
32.4
24.7
..
34.3
44.2
44.4
30.4
14.9
39.7
11.2
38.7
..
40.2
..
22.0
6.1
40.0
66.5
5.5
35.4
19.5
..
31.8
57.6
15.9
16.2
16.4
9.9
3.3
19.8
..
16.4
15.8
17.5
18.2
30.7
30.7
11.3
36.1
4.3
33.8
50.8
24.3
12.5
48.4
36.7
40.2
47.0
10.5
27.2
41.5
22.9
58.4
7.7
19.4
42.6
20.1
56.3
30.8
19.3
..
28.6
37.3
46.7
35.6
10.2
34.7
11.3
39.4
..
40.6
..
19.7
3.9
47.9
65.5
4.1
42.1
12.0
44.5
37.4
47.9
21.1
17.0
15.6
11.2
3.4
17.3
..
17.8
15.2
17.2
15.8
26.7
25.0
8.1
33.7
2.2
33.8
41.3
20.9
9.5
55.0
25.6
48.4
47.6
4.9
24.1
4.6
18.2
46.4
5.3
25.3
35.7
21.8
55.0
27.9
9.5
..
28.2
34.0
37.5
28.7
5.6
27.8
10.1
39.3
37.2
36.1
20.0
16.5
2.6
49.9
..
3.2
33.7
9.1
31.2
38.2
25.5
20.8
18.1
12.2
8.6
3.6
15.0
3.0
15.8
9.8
14.3
a. Provisional.
38
Table
2.30
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excluding South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2010a
37.8
..
25.5
..
12.3
50.7
20.5
12.6
25.6
17.0
20.1
8.9
13.2
35.0
46.6
19.7
..
..
..
60.4
14.9
12.3
..
19.7
20.9
26.5
..
16.1
22.5
13.2
26.0
26.2
34.4
55.8
22.9
..
21.6
..
20.1
15.6
21.9
8.0
48.4
..
30.2
..
24.8
4.5
42.1
29.0
40.8
57.7
..
36.8
..
31.0
36.0
39.1
32.2
25.1
25.1
40.9
13.2
61.0
21.0
19.0
29.5
21.4
19.7
17.7
8.3
29.0
40.6
23.2
10.6
..
11.1
43.0
13.1
16.9
33.3
18.6
19.0
34.4
..
12.8
28.9
15.9
28.8
32.8
18.4
38.0
16.2
..
24.6
..
22.2
16.3
19.2
..
40.1
15.3
43.2
17.7
22.5
11.1
51.3
33.1
34.7
48.2
22.1
28.7
..
33.4
33.6
33.2
30.9
30.7
28.1
66.1
13.3
51.0
23.2
18.1
30.7
15.0
14.0
47.1
12.2
24.5
65.9
23.1
92.1
21.3
14.1
55.3
14.5
27.1
33.7
..
18.2
32.5
..
16.0
17.4
23.9
27.3
29.1
27.4
29.4
..
42.1
13.9
21.1
24.9
28.2
24.2
..
31.3
25.8
46.4
22.4
17.2
22.1
27.9
26.4
43.0
56.4
16.6
36.5
68.6
28.5
28.4
36.0
31.6
31.9
29.3
67.1
13.4
50.2
22.7
18.5
30.4
15.7
14.1
60.4
11.0
26.9
71.9
25.9
94.4
21.9
13.0
61.4
14.7
27.5
38.9
..
19.1
33.1
..
15.8
17.0
24.2
33.2
27.6
25.3
29.2
..
43.5
14.1
20.5
23.8
21.2
23.6
..
31.2
28.3
44.7
22.7
17.2
25.0
31.6
28.7
44.7
61.3
16.6
35.9
75.5
28.2
29.2
37.2
31.8
32.3
30.1
67.5
..
54.0
22.4
18.5
31.4
16.0
14.2
60.6
11.8
27.7
75.5
25.9
94.4
19.3
12.7
61.2
15.5
20.8
43.4
..
18.5
35.3
..
16.1
17.0
24.0
46.5
27.6
26.4
34.6
..
41.9
13.8
..
23.1
19.4
23.2
..
31.2
29.2
46.7
22.9
18.4
24.2
35.3
32.3
46.3
62.3
16.4
38.4
78.5
27.2
29.7
38.0
31.8
32.3
30.4
66.6
..
52.6
..
19.0
30.6
15.7
14.2
54.3
11.9
28.4
73.2
25.3
94.6
20.1
13.3
60.3
14.9
20.8
43.4
..
18.5
35.9
..
16.3
16.3
24.2
39.6
27.0
25.9
35.6
..
40.7
14.0
..
23.6
20.3
24.3
..
31.2
31.2
46.5
23.3
18.7
26.6
38.5
33.1
45.1
61.3
16.9
36.3
76.4
27.3
31.3
37.5
32.0
31.1
31.1
67.5
..
52.6
..
17.9
..
18.5
14.2
48.8
12.0
28.0
77.4
26.1
95.7
26.9
13.0
64.3
13.7
20.4
46.7
..
19.8
37.3
..
16.2
16.1
..
40.5
28.1
23.7
37.8
..
..
14.8
..
22.2
19.4
23.5
..
32.8
34.0
46.4
23.1
18.2
27.4
41.4
31.1
46.7
62.1
..
37.5
78.2
30.3
33.1
38.8
29.7
28.1
28.1
59.1
..
40.1
..
18.1
..
18.3
14.8
..
12.1
24.0
71.1
25.5
92.6
22.4
10.8
53.5
12.4
19.0
52.1
..
19.2
32.9
..
16.0
16.1
..
35.1
28.0
23.6
32.7
..
..
14.4
..
21.8
17.9
22.5
..
31.3
26.0
50.6
24.3
16.0
25.8
34.1
27.8
41.3
62.1
..
37.3
..
28.6
31.6
34.7
30.4
..
30.0
59.9
..
45.0
..
18.3
..
18.0
..
..
..
..
75.4
27.2
..
..
14.3
59.4
12.3
18.6
47.2
..
19.8
31.9
..
..
..
..
43.9
27.0
23.4
19.6
..
..
15.0
..
22.4
..
20.7
..
30.8
33.0
46.5
25.5
15.7
25.5
37.2
26.8
41.6
62.1
..
37.5
..
29.7
32.3
35.4
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
..
..
31.1
60.2
..
46.8
..
18.6
..
17.8
..
..
..
..
76.8
30.3
..
..
12.6
60.7
12.0
25.3
..
..
19.2
33.7
..
..
..
..
46.3
26.6
24.2
19.6
..
..
..
..
23.8
..
18.2
..
..
39.8
45.9
26.5
16.0
25.4
37.7
22.9
..
..
..
36.7
..
29.9
33.3
..
34.4
24.9
24.9
39.4
14.0
57.5
21.0
15.1
31.8
18.0
16.2
13.5
12.5
30.1
45.1
20.9
8.9
..
11.6
53.7
13.7
13.8
33.6
15.7
19.4
27.7
..
13.8
22.7
14.8
27.0
28.9
24.8
44.3
19.8
..
21.0
..
20.7
16.5
15.9
8.0
43.8
15.4
32.3
..
22.0
9.4
45.5
30.2
36.8
52.1
20.6
30.6
..
33.2
36.1
35.4
29.6
24.9
24.9
56.9
13.7
54.9
21.1
18.7
30.3
19.2
20.2
13.7
11.4
20.6
45.4
22.2
38.5
18.4
10.2
48.2
6.2
24.5
30.1
12.5
17.8
42.3
..
12.2
22.7
17.0
26.5
32.1
17.1
30.6
17.4
..
19.5
..
23.5
21.5
32.4
..
35.0
13.5
43.4
16.4
21.0
14.9
39.2
30.5
36.1
49.7
16.6
31.8
..
32.0
32.0
32.3
a. Provisional.
39
Table
2.31
Share of GDP
(%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Excl. South Africa
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
AFRICA
1980
1990
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2008
2010a
44.7
43.9
43.9
..
52.3
34.6
50.1
25.1
43.1
64.5
39.9
46.0
52.8
38.2
41.7
54.4
..
..
..
32.8
54.3
27.6
..
36.1
46.6
48.9
..
53.9
33.7
38.5
43.6
60.7
28.5
33.0
34.0
..
32.6
..
59.9
77.5
45.0
23.6
45.4
53.0
47.1
..
47.7
23.5
42.8
55.3
43.5
33.8
..
45.0
..
50.5
47.7
44.2
49.2
43.8
43.8
41.2
50.7
34.1
50.2
25.2
46.0
64.2
32.7
53.0
50.3
40.0
46.5
44.3
27.8
..
34.5
49.7
57.9
38.1
42.9
20.6
51.4
40.7
..
58.6
26.1
38.6
41.6
54.4
44.5
50.3
48.6
..
42.8
..
57.9
78.9
33.9
..
55.3
44.2
46.5
36.4
43.7
32.4
28.1
50.4
48.3
40.5
74.9
52.0
..
48.3
48.7
48.8
52.0
42.1
46.2
25.3
54.6
47.0
44.0
37.3
48.9
75.1
30.7
29.4
36.9
28.3
28.6
53.8
3.8
67.1
41.8
39.1
56.8
31.4
41.3
..
53.7
57.9
..
55.3
47.9
39.8
37.2
64.4
45.2
60.8
..
23.7
47.6
56.4
59.2
68.8
30.9
..
65.6
38.9
44.7
44.3
46.6
55.0
49.1
54.0
44.7
33.5
79.8
48.4
28.4
55.2
60.6
48.9
51.9
41.4
45.5
24.4
54.4
48.0
43.2
37.1
50.1
75.3
31.4
27.3
38.0
27.6
23.6
51.3
3.0
53.9
40.4
33.8
56.9
31.6
36.9
..
53.7
57.9
..
55.9
50.3
39.3
36.3
66.4
47.7
59.5
..
23.7
47.6
62.7
59.6
72.9
24.8
..
66.2
39.7
46.5
45.5
43.4
48.3
45.1
52.7
43.9
30.5
79.9
49.2
22.2
57.1
60.7
48.5
52.2
42.0
45.7
24.8
..
44.2
44.4
37.9
48.8
75.6
30.7
27.8
43.0
26.6
20.5
51.2
2.9
54.6
39.4
33.9
62.4
48.8
32.8
..
54.8
56.8
..
56.4
51.9
39.1
30.5
66.9
45.7
54.9
..
26.1
47.8
..
62.2
73.2
25.7
..
66.0
40.8
45.5
46.7
45.7
50.2
42.3
47.4
42.5
29.7
80.1
47.5
19.5
56.0
60.1
48.1
52.5
42.7
46.5
25.6
..
45.4
..
43.2
49.9
77.1
31.9
33.2
42.8
29.1
22.4
50.9
2.8
54.5
40.5
34.9
64.1
50.2
31.3
..
56.5
56.4
..
58.1
53.4
..
34.8
68.6
46.4
55.0
..
26.6
50.4
..
63.1
77.5
25.9
..
65.4
40.7
45.5
46.7
45.5
49.8
39.8
45.3
44.2
30.7
79.3
49.6
21.5
59.0
59.3
49.0
55.1
46.0
46.0
25.9
..
45.4
..
46.8
..
75.1
32.9
37.5
42.2
31.8
18.9
48.9
2.3
55.8
43.1
31.6
61.5
48.6
28.4
..
54.4
54.7
..
59.0
53.8
..
40.6
67.8
45.9
52.9
..
..
52.8
..
62.3
78.6
26.3
..
64.0
39.7
45.7
47.2
41.1
49.9
39.7
49.5
43.2
31.0
..
49.3
19.9
55.0
58.4
49.5
56.8
47.7
47.7
30.8
..
56.9
..
46.7
..
72.9
28.7
..
41.6
33.1
24.4
49.9
4.2
63.0
38.5
41.2
60.8
49.2
31.0
..
53.6
59.4
..
54.9
53.4
..
44.7
68.1
44.9
58.0
..
..
51.6
..
61.0
80.3
25.2
..
65.7
44.3
40.7
46.9
41.3
49.5
44.4
55.0
46.7
31.0
..
49.0
..
55.0
59.5
52.5
58.4
..
48.9
30.2
..
52.5
..
46.6
..
72.1
..
..
..
..
20.8
50.0
..
..
38.0
36.5
59.3
51.4
39.4
..
55.0
59.5
..
..
..
..
38.9
69.4
44.8
72.9
..
..
52.8
..
60.3
..
30.4
..
66.7
43.3
45.5
46.5
41.5
50.3
53.6
57.2
46.5
31.0
..
48.5
..
55.0
59.7
53.1
Annual average
198089 199099 200010
47.5
44.4
44.4
45.4
52.2
33.8
49.2
26.8
42.5
67.1
39.5
49.6
51.2
39.6
44.9
52.0
25.2
..
31.9
38.6
52.3
33.6
42.4
35.7
48.2
47.6
..
51.9
33.1
40.8
42.6
56.2
35.6
44.6
41.6
..
38.8
..
57.3
77.4
44.2
25.1
50.8
49.5
48.2
..
46.2
33.0
38.6
53.6
46.8
38.0
76.1
49.7
..
50.4
48.2
47.2
52.2
44.4
44.4
31.8
50.2
40.9
45.1
30.5
45.4
68.3
31.4
49.6
48.4
32.4
44.1
50.6
20.0
58.7
31.4
44.0
74.5
32.9
49.9
31.1
51.5
38.4
..
59.3
40.1
36.4
37.9
57.7
48.2
58.1
43.3
..
40.0
..
56.8
74.7
19.7
..
60.9
44.5
44.5
39.1
41.7
37.2
39.7
52.5
48.2
39.1
80.0
51.0
..
50.2
52.8
50.5
53.6
43.6
46.3
25.9
52.6
46.9
44.2
40.5
47.3
74.5
30.3
37.1
39.8
28.1
24.9
51.1
3.8
59.7
40.5
37.7
63.1
40.1
38.4
32.0
53.7
56.6
..
56.3
48.8
38.1
37.4
65.6
47.1
59.1
43.5
23.6
50.0
61.3
59.9
72.5
26.0
..
65.2
39.9
44.6
46.4
44.2
49.9
47.4
55.1
45.3
32.5
80.2
49.0
23.0
55.9
59.8
50.0
a. Provisional.
40
Table
2.32
1990
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
..
..
..
50.8
..
..
14.3
..
..
..
..
10.1
..
..
..
..
12.4
..
19.4
12.5
..
..
..
44.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.3
..
..
10.8
..
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.4
24.1
..
..
..
23.0
..
..
30.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.7
28.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.7
50.7
..
11.7
..
13.4
..
..
..
30.1
..
..
..
..
16.9
38.7
11.4
..
26.4
..
25.6
..
..
10.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.5
..
23.3
..
16.4
..
12.8
..
..
27.6
..
..
..
14.7
39.9
12.1
..
..
11.0
..
..
23.7
..
..
20.2
52.1
0.3
11.0
..
18.0
..
..
..
28.2
10.5
9.4
..
..
..
44.8
11.5
..
30.1
..
..
..
14.7
11.9
17.6
..
..
..
..
24.3
..
30.7
26.2
24.3
2010
1990
Share of GDP
(%)
Expense
2000
2005
..
..
18.2
..
15.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.6
..
17.4
..
..
..
..
24.8
..
31.8
29.0
..
..
..
..
26.7
..
..
14.6
..
..
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
..
16.2
..
17.2
..
..
..
..
33.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.5
..
..
..
24.0
..
..
30.4
..
..
..
..
26.7
..
..
14.6
..
..
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
..
16.2
..
17.2
..
..
..
..
33.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.5
..
..
..
24.0
..
..
30.4
..
22.8
..
13.6
..
11.6
..
..
30.2
..
..
..
22.1
14.8
16.9
..
..
15.0
..
..
22.8
..
..
18.2
41.9
0.2
11.0
..
15.1
..
..
..
25.6
9.1
5.0
..
..
..
37.7
23.0
..
29.9
..
..
..
16.1
16.7
22.9
..
..
..
..
27.4
..
30.0
26.2
24.7
2010
1990
..
..
15.0
..
12.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.5
..
17.2
..
..
..
..
28.9
..
30.6
27.0
..
..
..
..
19.1
..
..
-5.6
..
..
..
..
-6.5
..
..
..
..
-6.6
..
2.1
..
..
..
..
-0.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-5.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-2.6
..
..
..
-2.0
..
..
-3.2
..
..
..
..
19.1
..
..
-5.6
..
..
..
..
-6.5
..
..
..
..
-6.6
..
2.1
..
..
..
..
-0.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-5.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-2.6
..
..
..
-2.0
..
..
-3.2
..
-0.3
..
-0.6
..
-5.4
..
..
-3.0
..
..
..
-1.0
19.5
-6.7
..
..
-4.5
..
..
-1.4
..
..
1.5
4.2
0.0
-4.7
..
-2.5
..
..
..
-0.1
-1.9
2.5
..
..
..
2.5
-1.7
..
-0.2
..
..
..
-5.7
-0.8
-4.7
..
..
..
..
-6.5
..
-2.5
-2.8
-2.2
2010
..
..
-1.0
..
-5.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-5.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
-2.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.6
..
-1.5
..
..
..
..
-7.7
..
-2.6
-1.3
..
(continued)
41
Table
2.32
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
..
..
..
-0.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.5
..
..
..
..
5.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
-7.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.6
..
Domestic
2000
2005
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.3
..
-1.0
..
..
..
1.0
..
..
..
..
0.3
0.7
..
..
1.6
..
..
..
..
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
..
4.9
..
..
..
1.7
..
-0.1
..
..
4.3
..
..
-1.7
..
..
-0.5
..
0.0
1.3
..
-1.0
..
..
..
1.5
-0.6
-0.1
..
..
..
-8.1
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
1.2
..
..
-0.2
..
..
15.4
..
-0.2
-0.2
..
2010
..
..
-0.3
..
2.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
-4.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
-2.7
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
9.2
..
2.3
-0.6
..
1990
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.8
..
Foreign
2000
2005
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.7
..
3.0
..
..
..
0.7
..
..
..
..
0.5
13.1
..
..
0.3
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-0.2
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
-1.5
..
1.8
..
..
1.0
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
0.0
3.9
..
3.9
..
..
..
-0.3
2.6
..
..
..
..
2.9
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
0.8
..
..
-0.3
..
..
-0.8
..
-0.3
0.8
..
2010
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
-1.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
..
..
..
0.2
..
..
0.2
..
2.1
-0.4
..
1990
..
3.2
2.0
2.8
1.1
3.8
4.6
1.9
2.0
0.7
0.4
3.7
18.6
11.7
..
..
2.0
3.0
11.9
6.2
6.3
3.5
9.2
4.3
0.8
7.2
7.1
2.8
14.3
5.7
3.2
..
4.0
11.7
0.8
..
5.7
5.8
3.3
1.2
..
0.4
4.0
4.2
5.3
3.4
6.1
5.4
10.5
14.2
2.4
7.1
..
7.0
11.7
7.9
Total debt
2000
2005
3.9
18.7
3.3
1.2
1.8
2.6
5.5
3.0
1.5
1.8
1.6
0.6
1.4
9.8
..
0.5
1.7
6.9
2.7
7.8
5.0
2.4
4.7
8.3
0.1
3.0
3.6
3.8
6.4
9.9
2.3
..
1.5
4.0
2.1
..
4.8
3.4
7.3
..
2.9
2.0
2.0
1.6
2.3
1.2
5.7
6.3
5.0
8.2
2.4
1.8
..
7.3
8.9
4.4
3.1
9.2
1.1
0.5
0.8
3.5
5.0
3.7
0.5
1.0
1.0
3.0
1.8
1.9
..
1.8
0.8
2.2
4.5
2.6
5.6
1.1
2.9
5.8
0.2
1.6
2.8
1.9
3.0
3.6
1.2
..
1.2
7.9
1.1
5.8
2.3
6.4
1.4
..
1.3
1.5
1.3
0.9
1.0
1.9
3.9
4.1
4.6
5.8
2.2
2.5
..
4.6
6.3
3.5
2010
1.2
2.8
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.2
0.9
2.2
0.1
0.9
0.8
2.0
1.6
1.7
..
1.1
0.7
3.4
1.9
1.0
1.9
2.1
1.2
1.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.7
3.0
1.4
1.0
..
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.8
2.4
5.0
0.6
..
1.4
0.7
1.1
0.9
1.1
0.4
0.9
1.5
1.8
0.4
..
1.4
..
3.7
5.3
1.4
a. Data were reported on a cash basis and have been adjusted to the accrual framework.
42
Table
2.33
1990
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
..
..
..
35.2
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
..
56.3
..
..
..
..
43.1
..
28.3
..
..
..
..
30.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.7
..
..
..
22.4
..
..
7.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.1
25.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.3
..
..
17.7
..
37.6
..
..
..
20.8
..
..
..
..
26.0
24.6
14.9
..
11.3
..
26.1
..
..
55.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
8.6
..
..
..
28.1
..
22.7
..
..
21.3
..
..
..
22.0
30.0
29.0
..
..
18.8
..
..
18.2
..
..
23.4
27.7
36.4
..
..
33.3
..
..
..
16.3
29.3
18.5
..
..
..
25.3
25.6
..
12.0
..
..
..
48.3
29.2
25.5
..
8.6
..
..
8.6
..
15.2
7.2
..
2009
Share of expense
(%)
Compensation of employees
1990
2000
2005
2009
1990
Interest payments
2000
2005
2009
..
..
17.7
..
19.1
..
..
16.3
..
..
..
21.0
..
29.5
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
..
..
20.2
..
..
..
..
30.6
..
11.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.2
24.3
..
12.9
..
..
..
24.2
31.2
19.5
..
8.5
11.3
..
8.0
..
9.0
6.6
..
..
..
..
29.1
..
..
55.6
..
..
..
..
25.4
..
..
..
..
48.1
..
28.7
..
..
..
..
38.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
40.9
..
..
..
26.6
..
..
31.4
..
..
..
..
2.8
..
..
7.8
..
..
..
..
7.4
..
..
..
..
5.6
..
21.4
..
..
..
..
18.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.8
..
..
..
16.3
..
..
10.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.8
..
..
13.4
..
8.0
..
..
..
6.6
..
..
..
..
10.7
17.4
22.0
..
18.1
..
2.4
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.1
..
..
..
3.3
..
3.4
..
..
5.3
..
..
..
3.7
..
8.7
..
..
..
..
..
15.7
..
..
10.3
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
13.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.1
7.1
..
7.2
..
..
..
5.5
8.6
10.1
..
5.6
1.4
..
14.0
..
3.7
7.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27.1
27.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
55.2
..
..
40.7
..
36.5
..
..
..
51.2
..
..
..
..
41.4
36.3
23.4
..
15.6
..
44.6
..
..
12.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.8
..
..
..
42.5
..
42.7
..
..
42.2
..
..
..
19.7
30.0
38.7
..
..
12.3
..
..
40.1
..
..
59.8
37.2
48.4
40.9
..
32.6
..
..
..
49.8
38.5
30.9
..
..
..
37.1
27.9
..
14.3
..
..
..
30.8
13.1
36.4
..
39.0
..
..
28.5
..
47.2
39.0
..
..
..
47.2
..
45.8
..
..
43.3
..
..
..
32.1
..
38.4
..
..
..
..
..
40.0
..
..
37.3
..
..
..
..
34.4
..
35.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.8
27.7
..
13.4
..
..
..
40.3
14.2
43.8
..
34.9
33.7
..
24.6
..
47.8
36.1
..
..
..
2.3
..
5.5
..
..
7.4
..
..
..
13.4
18.2
12.2
..
..
7.0
..
..
16.0
..
..
10.4
6.2
1.3
23.9
..
4.4
..
..
..
9.8
6.4
9.0
..
..
..
14.2
15.3
..
10.9
..
..
..
6.5
8.9
19.4
..
9.7
..
..
20.2
..
7.8
9.7
..
(continued)
43
Table
2.33
Share of expense
(%)
1990
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
..
..
..
31.8
..
..
13.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.2
..
12.2
..
..
..
..
8.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
44.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
10.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
9.7
..
0.5
..
..
..
10.4
..
..
..
..
18.7
21.6
5.5
..
52.9
..
27.0
..
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.3
..
10.0
..
..
23.5
..
..
..
11.0
19.4
14.9
..
..
41.8
..
..
25.5
..
..
..
28.9
13.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.4
4.1
41.7
..
..
..
22.7
19.1
..
57.7
..
..
..
1.7
48.5
18.0
..
26.7
..
..
26.7
..
24.7
33.6
..
2009
..
..
29.7
..
11.1
..
..
30.1
..
..
..
35.7
..
16.3
..
..
..
..
..
27.9
..
..
31.3
..
..
..
..
15.0
..
30.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.8
22.6
..
62.9
..
..
..
17.6
44.7
22.0
..
41.0
45.4
..
44.8
..
26.6
37.2
..
1990
..
..
..
1.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.2
..
9.5
..
..
..
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.8
..
Other expense
2000
2005
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.8
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.2
..
..
18.6
..
17.5
..
..
..
11.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
34.3
..
2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.9
..
19.1
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
33.8
2.5
5.3
..
..
20.1
..
..
0.2
..
..
..
0.0
..
8.6
..
..
..
..
..
13.8
21.7
..
..
..
..
0.7
12.1
..
6.1
..
..
..
12.7
0.4
0.7
..
10.5
..
..
16.0
..
5.2
10.5
..
2009
..
..
2.1
..
20.7
..
..
5.0
..
..
..
7.6
..
7.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
..
17.5
..
9.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
18.4
..
4.4
..
..
..
12.5
1.4
4.6
..
10.7
8.3
..
8.7
..
12.9
12.7
..
a. Data were reported on a cash basis and have been adjusted to the accrual framework.
44
Table
2.34
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
1990
Interest payments
2000
2005
2009
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
8.0
..
..
..
..
10.1
..
..
..
..
7.2
..
14.3
10.2
..
..
..
10.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
7.3
..
..
..
25.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.1
17.7
..
..
..
16.0
..
..
10.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.2
10.0
..
9.3
..
5.0
..
..
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
7.4
18.6
32.5
..
19.1
..
2.0
..
..
4.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.3
..
..
..
2.5
..
2.2
..
..
4.2
..
..
..
2.0
..
7.1
..
..
..
..
..
15.2
..
..
10.4
..
..
..
..
1.7
..
11.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.4
8.3
..
8.4
..
..
..
4.0
7.7
8.5
..
5.0
1.0
..
15.2
..
3.1
6.9
..
..
..
1.6
..
3.7
..
..
6.3
..
..
..
8.8
6.5
15.9
..
..
6.5
..
..
12.1
..
..
8.9
4.8
1.0
15.8
..
3.0
..
..
..
8.9
3.2
4.7
..
..
..
11.7
16.5
..
10.8
..
..
..
7.1
7.7
17.9
..
9.6
..
..
22.4
..
7.5
9.6
..
Share of revenues
(%)
Taxes on income, profits and capital gains
1990
2000
2005
2010
..
..
..
37.6
..
..
18.9
..
..
..
..
21.9
..
..
..
..
28.2
..
9.7
20.6
..
..
..
8.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.6
..
..
14.0
..
..
..
29.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.5
43.7
..
..
..
18.1
..
..
12.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.5
17.2
..
11.7
..
12.5
..
..
..
31.8
..
..
..
..
21.3
17.3
15.4
..
51.7
..
24.1
..
..
9.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.4
..
..
..
18.7
..
16.0
..
..
18.3
..
..
..
4.8
4.9
15.4
..
..
9.9
..
..
20.8
..
..
33.0
19.5
34.5
9.2
..
14.5
..
..
..
35.0
8.9
0.1
..
..
..
12.5
15.1
..
48.8
..
..
..
18.9
16.6
30.1
..
26.1
..
..
23.8
..
26.1
26.2
..
..
..
17.0
..
13.8
..
..
18.2
..
..
..
10.5
..
15.3
..
..
..
..
..
22.6
..
..
40.0
..
..
..
..
19.5
..
22.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.2
17.0
..
52.6
..
..
..
16.7
22.0
35.5
..
28.1
59.7
..
27.8
..
28.4
27.3
..
1990
..
..
..
1.8
..
..
22.2
..
..
..
..
15.1
..
..
..
..
24.3
..
28.3
26.8
..
..
..
16.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.9
..
..
27.1
..
..
..
22.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.4
25.6
..
..
..
12.8
..
..
19.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.2
15.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.4
12.5
..
21.6
..
41.6
..
..
..
22.7
..
..
..
..
33.7
5.1
7.6
..
33.1
..
13.2
..
..
29.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.1
..
..
..
36.0
..
37.3
..
..
41.1
..
..
..
9.4
6.4
..
..
..
10.6
..
..
35.9
..
..
44.2
16.1
16.6
17.2
..
38.0
..
..
..
24.5
13.7
1.8
..
..
..
33.7
11.9
..
33.0
..
..
..
48.3
37.1
29.4
..
30.2
..
..
23.7
..
30.2
34.8
..
..
..
37.9
..
36.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
40.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
49.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.4
..
32.3
..
31.3
..
..
22.1
..
36.1
31.3
..
(continued)
45
Table
2.34
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benina
Botswanaa
Burkina Faso
Burundia
Cameroona
Cape Verde
Central African Republica
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.a
Congo, Rep.a
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopiaa
Gabon
Gambia, Thea
Ghanaa
Guineaa
Guinea-Bissau
Kenyaa
Lesothoa
Liberiaa
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiaa
Niger
Nigeriaa
Rwandaa
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegala
Seychelles
Sierra Leonea
Somalia
South Africa
Sudana
Swazilanda
Tanzania
Togo
Ugandaa
Zambiaa
Zimbabwea
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.a
Libya
Moroccoa
Tunisiaa
ALL AFRICA
1990
Share of revenues
(%)
Other taxes
Social contributions
2000
2005
2010
1990
2000
2005
2009
..
..
..
12.9
..
..
15.5
..
..
..
..
37.8
..
..
..
..
14.3
..
32.4
34.7
..
..
..
43.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.3
..
..
20.5
..
..
..
38.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.2
17.1
..
..
..
12.9
..
..
27.5
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
4.7
..
..
..
..
1.1
..
..
..
..
2.2
..
0.4
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
3.1
..
..
..
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.2
1.1
..
..
..
10.2
..
..
4.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.1
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
1.2
..
5.0
..
..
..
1.4
..
..
..
..
3.3
1.6
..
..
2.8
..
4.1
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.5
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.0
41.4
..
39.6
..
11.3
..
..
..
35.1
..
..
..
..
29.6
41.0
29.4
..
3.0
..
49.9
..
..
21.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.7
..
..
..
21.6
..
12.6
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
10.5
2.6
57.1
..
..
33.9
..
..
14.0
..
..
10.2
49.5
36.6
29.1
..
12.4
..
..
..
29.8
29.9
..
..
..
..
15.7
23.5
..
3.8
..
..
..
21.7
7.2
9.4
..
6.7
..
..
5.8
..
8.4
6.7
..
..
..
22.1
..
11.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.8
..
8.3
..
5.6
..
..
4.9
..
5.6
6.2
..
..
..
6.5
..
2.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.8
1.1
3.1
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
0.1
0.4
5.0
..
6.1
..
..
..
1.7
3.6
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
5.9
0.2
0.2
..
4.1
..
..
3.8
..
6.2
4.1
..
..
..
5.8
..
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.4
..
0.2
..
4.2
..
..
4.0
..
5.8
4.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
..
1.0
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
3.3
..
..
..
14.5
..
..
13.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
13.8
..
..
2.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.2
..
..
..
..
0.9
10.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
19.4
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.5
17.5
..
..
..
2.4
..
..
..
..
10.1
..
..
..
..
..
6.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.0
..
..
2.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.1
20.2
..
..
..
..
47.6
..
..
27.5
..
..
..
..
23.1
..
..
..
..
29.1
..
28.9
10.4
..
..
..
31.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.2
..
..
30.0
..
..
..
9.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.8
9.2
..
..
..
31.6
..
..
23.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.1
76.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.7
28.9
..
26.0
..
29.5
..
..
..
8.5
..
..
..
..
12.2
21.3
47.7
..
7.4
..
8.7
..
..
38.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.5
..
..
..
17.2
..
32.0
..
..
30.3
..
..
..
70.5
84.0
14.2
..
..
45.2
..
..
29.3
..
..
12.1
14.8
11.9
39.5
..
29.1
..
..
..
8.4
43.9
98.1
..
..
..
18.8
49.5
..
8.8
..
..
..
5.2
38.9
31.0
..
15.7
..
..
43.0
..
15.7
10.8
..
..
..
15.5
..
35.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
59.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.6
..
15.1
..
14.1
..
..
43.8
..
14.1
10.0
..
a. Data were reported on a cash basis and have been adjusted to the accrual framework.
46
Table
2.35
Structure of demand
Share of GDP
(%)
Household final
consumption
expenditure
1990 2000 2010a
General government
final consumption
expenditure
1990 2000 2010a
17.5
15.6
15.6
34.5
11.0
24.1
21.1
10.8
12.8
16.3
14.9
10.1
24.5
11.5
13.9
16.8
39.7
..
13.2
13.4
13.8
9.3
11.0
10.3
18.6
25.8
..
8.0
15.1
13.8
25.9
13.6
13.5
30.6
15.0
..
10.1
..
18.4
27.7
7.8
..
19.7
5.8
14.3
17.8
14.2
7.5
19.0
19.5
15.2
16.1
31.5
11.3
24.4
15.5
16.4
16.4
15.6
13.3
13.3
..
11.6
25.4
20.8
15.5
9.5
30.7
14.0
7.7
11.7
7.5
11.6
7.2
4.6
63.8
17.9
9.6
11.2
10.2
6.8
14.0
15.1
41.7
7.5
9.0
14.6
8.6
20.2
14.1
9.0
23.5
13.0
..
11.0
..
12.8
24.2
14.3
..
18.2
7.6
18.2
11.7
10.5
14.5
9.5
24.3
14.6
13.6
29.7
11.2
20.8
18.4
16.7
15.1
18.2
..
14.6
17.6
..
20.9
..
31.6
..
26.1
..
13.2
..
..
10.4
8.6
..
..
10.2
10.0
9.6
9.5
7.5
..
16.7
37.2
18.6
..
20.2
..
13.1
13.9
12.7
24.2
..
..
15.5
..
8.7
..
12.3
..
21.5
15.2
26.8
18.2
..
11.7
13.3
19.1
..
..
..
11.2
..
17.5
16.3
16.4
Exports of goods
and services
1990 2000 2010a
18.3
17.5
17.5
11.1
13.4
32.4
17.7
15.2
17.3
25.3
11.4
4.8
11.9
12.8
17.2
8.5
17.4
..
12.9
21.5
22.3
14.4
22.9
29.9
20.7
57.0
..
14.8
20.1
23.0
20.0
30.6
22.1
21.2
11.4
..
14.7
..
18.0
23.0
9.6
14.9
19.1
10.4
14.6
25.8
25.3
12.7
13.5
18.2
24.5
27.0
14.2
26.9
13.9
24.0
24.4
21.1
26.4
27.9
24.4
38.9
14.3
55.1
11.0
7.9
20.2
0.0
14.8
13.5
14.3
29.5
53.7
31.7
32.2
..
5.6
46.0
59.9
16.9
31.1
9.9
25.7
18.1
..
16.6
23.8
17.2
45.6
65.0
8.2
51.9
15.0
43.4
5.6
..
25.4
62.5
22.5
9.8
24.2
4.0
59.0
12.6
33.5
7.2
35.9
22.9
26.5
23.4
53.8
20.1
39.7
26.5
43.6
26.4
16.3
17.3
17.3
15.1
18.9
25.8
18.7
4.2
16.0
30.5
9.5
20.9
10.1
3.5
20.9
11.2
61.3
23.8
20.3
21.9
4.6
23.1
18.9
11.3
16.7
42.5
7.5
15.0
12.3
24.6
16.2
22.9
31.0
16.6
11.2
..
18.3
..
22.4
25.2
6.9
..
15.1
12.1
18.1
16.4
14.5
19.2
16.0
11.8
20.1
20.7
8.8
18.9
13.1
26.0
25.2
18.0
20.4
..
21.3
12.6
26.1
27.1
..
18.0
..
46.8
..
31.8
..
..
20.3
13.8
..
..
21.5
26.6
19.4
21.8
20.0
..
19.9
28.5
34.5
..
21.7
..
24.5
24.9
24.7
25.7
..
..
21.0
..
29.0
..
15.8
..
19.6
20.4
11.1
28.4
18.9
23.3
22.4
5.7
..
..
..
18.6
..
30.7
24.3
21.0
32.4
35.6
31.5
89.6
15.2
53.3
9.1
6.6
23.3
27.0
19.8
16.9
16.7
22.4
80.3
40.4
98.6
15.1
12.0
69.0
25.8
48.8
23.6
31.8
21.6
34.2
26.1
30.7
25.6
26.8
30.0
61.4
16.5
40.9
17.8
54.0
8.7
..
27.9
78.2
18.1
..
27.9
15.3
74.3
13.4
34.4
10.7
27.1
38.2
27.9
41.2
35.1
16.2
35.6
28.0
39.6
30.5
Imports of goods
and services
1990 2000 2010a
Gross national
savings
1990 2000 2010a
15.8
12.8
12.8
9.0
5.3
41.7
15.9
8.7
16.2
53.9
6.2
2.3
14.4
..
6.9
-5.1
2.1
..
12.8
24.3
21.9
10.5
19.2
14.5
18.5
70.5
..
9.1
16.4
15.0
7.5
25.8
6.6
34.8
-0.6
..
11.3
..
1.6
21.7
-1.0
..
19.1
1.2
19.7
10.1
21.0
5.6
19.6
15.6
27.6
24.3
..
31.1
..
25.1
23.4
20.8
15.6
15.5
15.5
23.8
10.4
41.4
5.1
1.1
15.3
19.6
..
..
..
..
30.6
8.0
..
4.4
15.9
41.7
..
15.3
15.4
..
13.5
37.3
..
8.8
9.5
15.9
..
26.3
10.4
25.4
5.3
..
12.9
..
13.8
18.5
-3.7
..
15.8
9.3
13.3
13.2
5.0
14.4
-1.4
..
..
..
5.4
18.1
..
24.3
22.2
17.2
17.2
..
..
21.6
..
27.7
..
-5.4
..
34.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.6
..
9.4
20.6
7.1
..
15.6
12.7
29.0
..
..
..
..
15.6
12.2
34.1
..
..
12.2
..
..
..
13.0
..
16.5
17.5
2.4
20.1
..
19.0
22.5
..
27.7
48.4
..
17.8
..
30.8
20.3
22.2
a. Provisional
47
Table
3.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
South Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
48
1994
1998
1998
1996
1992
1998
1995
..
1998
1998
1994
1993
1997
1994
1999
1998
1994
1996
1996
1993
1994
1996
1994
1990
1995
1995
1992
1999
1998
1995
1996
1999
1995
..
..
31.2
70.0
86.4
24.9
..
83.2
..
..
..
..
24.1
..
..
60.5
..
65.6
39.1
63.8
52.1
19.6
46.2
..
82.3
83.1
86.1
23.4
..
80.6
49.1
78.2
68.5
..
..
53.6
..
62.8
..
21.4
..
..
78.6
72.6
..
60.5
55.7
..
6.8
..
2.5
..
6.8
6.5
2000
2003
2009
2006
2007
2002
2008
2003
2004
2006
2005
2008
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007
2002
2005
2003
2007
2010
2004
2010
2008
2008
2004
2008
2010
2011
2001
2005
2007
2003
2009
2009
2010
2007
2006
2009
2006
2002
2008
2007
2005
54.31
47.3
..
44.6
81.3
9.6
21.0
62.8
61.9
46.1
87.7
54.1
23.8
..
..
39.0
4.8
33.6
28.6
43.3
48.9
43.4
43.4
83.8
81.3
73.9
50.4
23.4
..
59.6
31.9
43.6
68.0
63.2
28.2
33.5
0.3
53.4
..
13.8
19.8
..
40.6
67.9
38.7
38.0
68.5
..
..
18.8
1.7
..
2.5
1.4
1994
1998
1998
1996
1992
1998
1995
1998
1998
1994
1993
1997
1994
1999
1998
1994
1996
1996
1993
1994
1996
1994
1990
1995
1995
1992
..
1999
1998
1995
1996
1999
1995
..
..
11.0
30.2
47.3
6.3
..
57.4
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
..
21.2
..
33.8
14.4
29.7
20.6
4.6
25.6
..
44.3
46.0
53.1
7.1
..
41.2
24.6
38.6
32.1
..
..
19.2
..
44.8
..
5.2
..
..
47.7
29.7
..
24.5
26.9
..
1.4
..
0.3
..
1.2
1.3
2000
2003
2009
2006
2007
2002
2008
2003
2004
2006
2005
2008
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007
2002
2005
2003
2007
2010
2004
2010
2008
2008
2004
2008
2010
2011
2001
2005
2007
2003
2009
2009
2010
2007
2006
2009
2006
2002
2008
2007
2005
29.94
15.7
..
14.7
36.4
1.2
6.1
31.3
25.6
20.8
52.8
22.8
7.5
..
..
9.6
0.9
11.7
9.9
15.0
16.6
16.9
20.8
40.9
43.3
32.3
16.4
6.8
..
25.1
9.5
12.4
33.7
26.6
7.9
10.8
0.1
20.3
..
2.3
5.5
..
16.0
28.1
11.4
12.2
37.0
..
..
5.3
0.4
..
0.5
0.3
1994
1998
1998
1996
1992
1998
1995
1998
1998
1994
1993
1997
1994
..
1999
1998
1994
1996
1996
1993
1994
1996
1994
1990
1995
1995
1992
1999
1998
1995
1996
1999
1995
..
..
49.4
87.6
95.4
51.8
..
91.0
..
..
..
..
49.2
..
..
84.6
..
81.2
63.3
81.7
75.7
42.7
59.7
..
93.1
93.5
93.9
48.3
..
92.6
62.2
91.6
86.4
..
..
79.1
..
75.0
..
39.9
..
..
89.3
91.3
..
82.7
74.8
..
23.6
..
26.3
..
24.4
20.4
2000
2003
2009
2006
2007
2002
2008
2003
2004
2006
2005
2008
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007
2002
2005
2003
2007
2010
2004
2010
2008
2008
2004
2008
2010
2006
2001
2005
2007
2003
2009
2009
2010
2007
2006
2009
2006
2002
2008
2007
2005
70.21
75.3
..
72.6
93.5
30.4
40.9
80.1
83.3
65.0
95.2
74.4
46.3
..
..
77.6
19.6
55.9
51.8
69.6
78.0
67.2
62.3
94.9
92.6
90.5
78.7
47.7
..
81.8
51.1
75.2
84.5
87.4
54.2
60.4
1.8
76.1
..
31.3
44.1
..
60.4
87.9
69.3
64.7
82.6
..
..
41.2
15.4
..
14.0
8.1
1994
1998
1998
1996
1992
1998
1995
1998
1998
1994
1993
1997
1994
1999
1998
1994
1996
1996
1993
1994
1996
1994
1990
1995
1995
1992
1999
1998
1995
1996
1999
1995
..
..
22.3
49.1
64.1
18.4
..
68.8
..
..
..
..
18.2
..
..
41.2
..
49.1
28.5
46.3
37.4
14.7
36.1
..
61.0
62.3
67.2
17.8
..
58.7
36.5
56.5
49.7
..
..
37.6
..
54.0
..
15.0
..
..
61.7
50.1
..
42.9
41.7
..
6.5
..
5.0
..
6.5
5.8
2000
2003
..
2009
2006
2007
2002
2008
2003
2004
2006
2005
2008
..
..
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007
2002
2005
2003
2007
2010
2004
2010
2008
2008
2004
2008
2010
2006
2001
2005
2007
2003
2009
2009
2010
2007
2006
2009
2006
..
2002
2008
2007
2005
42.35
33.5
..
31.7
56.1
8.2
15.2
46.8
43.9
34.2
67.6
38.8
17.8
..
..
28.9
5.0
24.4
21.3
31.0
34.9
31.8
33.1
59.6
60.1
51.8
35.2
17.7
..
42.9
21.8
30.8
50.2
52.2
20.6
24.7
0.4
37.5
..
10.2
15.4
..
29.3
47.5
27.9
27.4
51.8
..
..
14.6
2.8
..
3.2
1.8
1993
1998
1993
1995
1998
1994
1999
1998
1996
1995
1999
1998
1995
1996
1995
..
..
32.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.4f
..
69.0
45.5
..
..
39.5
..
..
..
66.6f
..
71.3
65.3
..
..
..
69.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.0
..
..
..
..
..
33.8
66.8
..
22.6
..
19.4
..
..
6.2
2007e
2003
2009e
2006e
2007e
2007e
2008e
2003e
2004
2006
2005
2008
2006
2011
2005
2010e
2006
2007e
2002e
2005e
2003
2007
2005
2010
2010e
2008e
2008
2004e
2007e
2004e
2011e
2009e
2011e
..
2003
2006
2009e
2009e
2001e
2007e
2011e
2009
2010
2003e
2008
2007
2005
..
33.3
30.6
46.7
66.9
39.9
26.6
62.0
55.0
44.8
71.3
50.1
42.7f
76.8
..
29.6
32.7
48.4
28.5
53.0
64.7
45.9
56.6f
63.8f
68.7
50.7
43.6
42.0
..
54.7
38.0
59.5
54.7
44.9
66.2
46.7
..
66.4
..
23.0
46.5
50.6
69.2
33.4
58.7
24.5
60.5
72.0
..
..
22.0
..
9.0
3.8
1993
1998
1993
1995
1998
1994
1999
1998
1996
..
..
24.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.6f
..
62.0
33.2
..
..
19.4
..
..
..
36.7f
..
52.1
54.9
..
..
..
62.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1999
1998
1995
..
9.6
39.5
..
14.7
..
..
..
..
..
2000e
2007
2003
2009e
2006e
2007e
2007e
2008e
2003e
2004
2006
2008
2006
2011
2005
2010
2006
2007e
2002e
2005e
2003
2007
2005
2010
2010e
2008e
2008
2004e
2007e
2004e
2011e
2001e
2011e
2003
2009e
2009e
2001e
2007e
2011e
2009
2010
2008
2007
62.3
28.3
19.4
27.9
34.0
12.2
13.2
49.6
24.6
34.5
61.5
..
29.4f
31.5
..
25.7
29.8
32.7
10.8
30.5
51.6
33.7
41.5f
55.1f
52.0
17.3
18.9
20.8
..
49.6
17.0
36.7
43.1
22.1
45.0
33.1
..
47.0
..
..
26.5
24.2
49.0
1993
1998
1995
1998
1994
1999
1998
1996
21.8
34.6
9.1
27.5
..
..
10.6
..
4.8
..
1999
1998
1995
..
..
40.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.5f
..
..
47.5
..
..
49.6
..
..
..
68.9f
..
76.7
66.5
..
..
..
71.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.4
83.0
..
30.3
..
..
..
..
..
2007
2003
2009e
2006e
2007e
2007e
2008e
2003e
2004
2006
2008
2006
2011
2005
2010
2006
2007e
2002e
2005e
2003
2007
2005
2010
2010e
2008e
2008
2004e
2007e
2004e
2011e
2001e
2011e
2003
2009e
2009e
2001e
2007e
2011e
2009
2010
2008
2007
..
36.1
44.8
52.6
68.9
55.0
44.3
69.4
58.6
48.7
75.7
..
54.2f
79.9
..
30.4
44.6
73.9
39.2
63.0
69.1
49.1
60.5f
67.7f
73.5
56.6
50.6
59.4
..
56.9
49.0
63.9
63.8
48.7
64.9
57.1
..
78.5
..
..
57.6
55.4
75.0
37.4
73.4
27.2
77.9
..
..
..
30.0
..
14.5
..
(continued)
49
Table
3.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
South Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
1994
1998
1995
1998
1994
1999
1998
1996
1995
1999
1998
1995
1996
1995
..
..
3.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.8
..
..
7.2
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
1.5
..
5.9
4.8
..
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
..
..
5.9
3.4
..
7.0
..
9.5
..
..
5.7
2000
2003
2009
2006
2007
2002
2008
2003
2004
2006
2005
2008
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007
2002
2005
2003
2007
2010
2004
2010
2008
2008
2004
2008
2010
2011
2001
2005
2007
2003
2009
2009
2009
2010
2007
2006
2009
2006
2002
2008
2007
2005
2.0
7.0
..
6.7
9.0
6.7
4.5
3.4
6.3
2.6
5.5
5.0
5.6
..
..
9.3
6.2
4.8
5.2
6.4
7.3
4.8
3.0
6.4
5.4
7.0
8.0
6.0
..
5.2
3.2
8.1
4.4
5.2
5.2
6.2
3.7
6.1
..
2.7
6.8
1996
1996
1996
1999
1999
1993
37
26.8
15.1
33.7
..
17.8
11.8
23.3
34.3
22.3
30.7
..
18.2
13.8
38.3
..
..
23.2
20.3
21.2
..
17.6
18.9
..
35.5
26.3
38.2
20.3
13.0
28.1
21.5
45.0
27.3
24.2
..
19.6
..
25.4
..
10.1
31.8
4.1
6.8
7.6
5.8
3.6
..
1999
1998
1995
1999
1999
..
6.0
9.2
..
6.5
5.9
1995
1996
1998
1995
1997
1997
1998
1994
1995
1997
1996
1995
1999
1997
1996
1996
1999
1999
1998
1993
1997
1998
1996
1996
1995
1997
1992
1998
1999
1996
1996
1990
2007
2006
2008
2009
2005
2006
Population below
minimum dietary
energy consumption
Share (%) Total (millions)
200608d
200608d
2008
2006
2008
2006
15.6
20.2
11.2
26.0
35.2
16.6
..
28.0
33.9
25.0
28.2
11.8
29.4
10.6
34.5
34.6
8.8
15.8
14.3
20.8
17.2
16.4
13.5
20.4
36.8
13.8
27.9
15.9
..
18.3
17.5
39.9
26.7
18.0
14.4
14.5
..
21.3
32.8
8.7
31.7
41
12
25
8
62
22
11
40
39
47
..
13
14
..
65
41
5
19
5
16
22
33
14
32
25
27
12
8
5
38
18
16
6
32
5
19
8
35
..
5
22
7.2
1.0
0.5
1.2
4.9
4.2
0.1
1.7
4.1
0.4
36.7
0.5
2.9
..
3.1
32.6
..
0.3
1.1
1.6
0.3
12.4
0.3
1.1
4.7
3.9
1.5
0.2
0.1
8.3
0.4
2.3
9.4
3.0
0.0
2.3
0.0
1.9
..
..
8.8
..
25.3
23.2
21.5
19.6
11.5
2008
2010
2008
2006
2007
2006
7.3
16.2
20.5
16.4
14.9
14.0
11.3
16.0
10.2
4.2
7.7
3.3
2005
2006
2008
2007
2004
2006
3.7
29.6
6.8
5.6
9.9
3.3
19
34
30
22
44
30
5
<5
26
<5
<5
<5
<5
0.2
13.9
1.9
6.7
5.4
3.7
0.2
1.4
0.2
..
..
1.6
..
2006
2004
2000
2007
2005
2007
2004
2002
2005
2001
2006
2008
2008
2008
2009
2010
2007
2004
2010
2006
2008
2008
2007
2006
2008
2005
2009
2005
National poverty estimates for Cte dIvoire, Gambia, Lesotho, Liberia, and Senegal are World Bank estimates.
a. Based on nominal per capita consumption expenditure average and distributions estimated from household survey data.
b. Expenditure shares by percentiles of population, ranked by per capita expenditure.
c. Survey year refers to the year in which the underlying household survey data were collected; in cases for which the data collection period bridged two calendar years, the year in which
most of the data were collected is reported as the reference year. Data are for most recent year available during the period specied.
d. Data for a 3-year period have been used for the estimation of the prevalence of undernourishment.
e. Poverty estimates based on survey data from earlier year(s) are available, but not comparable with the most recent year reported here.
f. World Bank estimates.
50
Table
3.2
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
..
41.2
86.9
..
..
71.1
92.7
57.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
51.4
..
24.9
..
..
70.7
..
70.3
..
..
..
97.2
44.0
79.1
22.8
..
..
96.1
45.1
..
..
..
..
..
74.3
51.4
62.3
..
..
..
..
..
80.9
34.1
44.7
..
98.9
..
54.5
73.5
..
..
56.0
72.1
37.7
40.3
..
66.9
64.2
46.6
51.0
65.1
76.0
..
67.0
..
..
61.1
92.5
56.0
88.1
27.0
64.5
..
..
59.6
..
..
..
89.7
40.2
71.8
53.1
87.0
..
70.3
..
85.7
93.8
..
58.1
..
92.4
93.2
70.5
..
..
..
90.8
..
56.3
33.5
81.3
..
65.5
..
77.0
73.9
..
73.4
..
..
..
62.0
74.0
93.4
91.9
..
57.2
57.6
98.8
98.4
75.5
..
..
..
..
..
85.6
..
..
90.9
91.4
..
..
19.5
89.8
19.3
40.9
54.2
53.6
30.4
16.3
..
..
58.8
40.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.8
..
..
58.4
..
37.0
28.1
..
29.1
113.7
26.5
..
15.8
..
49.2
77.9
42.0
..
..
..
..
..
62.7
..
35.0
..
..
93.6
..
39.8
89.1
23.8
26.3
51.0
107.2
..
22.9
..
..
..
42.7
..
36.2
23.0
..
66.6
71.1
32.3
29.7
..
59.8
..
37.1
65.5
29.4
..
95.6
16.2
91.4
18.7
..
22.9
..
40.3
106.6
..
..
86.4
36.7
60.7
..
69.0
..
62.7
..
46.6
..
..
45.1
56.1
78.7
98.9
41.1
34.5
..
58.7
70.8
..
52.4
39.8
72.2
..
70.5
..
64.1
67.6
..
69.6
..
72.5
66.8
54.8
74.8
96.0
60.6
..
41.2
74.4
69.6
85.3
59.2
133.2
..
..
..
..
76.9
89.9
73.7
57.2
103.3
..
..
27.3
75.7
55.6
57.2
66.6
53.0
42.7
35.6
..
..
70.6
60.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
50.6
..
..
66.3
..
34.0
32.3
..
63.8
..
33.8
..
57.0
..
51.5
..
72.8
..
..
..
..
..
60.0
..
44.5
..
..
68.7
..
84.2
89.0
69.1
58.8
..
89.2
..
54.9
..
..
..
88.0
..
60.5
64.6
..
73.0
66.3
..
..
..
67.2
..
36.1
..
..
..
98.4
52.5
90.9
74.0
..
41.7
..
72.3
91.0
..
..
..
..
74.0
81.4
74.7
57.1
..
..
44.8
60.4
96.6
75.1
62.4
76.3
..
56.3
36.5
..
60.0
..
66.1
69.6
69.0
50.5
..
65.1
78.4
68.6
..
..
80.4
..
34.6
60.9
84.0
74.3
98.0
53.7
91.5
64.3
86.3
47.2
77.4
73.7
94.9
..
..
..
..
96.2
89.8
77.7
57.1
71.0
..
..
..
89.3
20.2
53.6
..
88.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
91.2
..
88.1
..
71.2
74.9
93.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
69.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
73.3
83.1
..
58.5
37.6
80.2
..
..
60.7
94.9
..
..
..
52.6
70.7
..
59.5
80.3
90.9
..
70.2
..
..
61.3
94.5
..
..
..
..
77.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
88.4
..
74.4
..
..
..
73.1
54.3
95.2
..
76.6
..
98.2
64.7
46.3
85.3
67.7
..
66.6
97.9
88.7
..
97.6
65.5
80.1
61.1
70.9
92.7
92.0
75.6
..
86.5
..
67.7
96.5
70.9
93.0
..
71.8
77.2
95.3
65.0
..
57.6
..
..
..
93.4
77.4
..
..
74.6
98.9
87.5
29.3
..
..
56.2
92.6
91.6
26.7
90.4
..
76.2
95.6
95.6
..
94.4
..
93.7
..
80.8
32.0
..
..
51.4
80.3
82.4
27.8
94.3
..
57.4
88.2
96.0
..
101.0
..
84.7
..
83.8
73.9
..
..
68.9
80.0
97.1
..
..
..
80.0
93.1
95.0
64.3
97.2
..
93.9
96.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.9
79.5
..
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
51
Table
3.3
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Women in
national parliament
(% of total seats)
1990
2000
2010
..
..
108.0
..
79.0
82.3
94.0
59.1
40.9
..
..
88.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
78.0
44.0
..
..
123.8
..
95.6
80.9
57.6
68.9
100.4
72.7
110.8
53.0
76.5
94.8
..
67.4
..
61.8
..
103.5
..
..
97.1
58.1
77.9
..
96.4
..
60.9
101.7
70.2
..
..
..
..
55.9
84.2
..
85.8
69.3
81.3
77.3
65.0
95.9
..
90.2
..
65.4
97.6
107.5
73.3
..
92.8
71.1
93.1
98.1
75.0
103.7
65.1
82.0
96.6
..
82.3
103.0
..
..
100.4
..
96.1
..
69.1
91.1
..
..
78.9
..
..
87.7
93.9
85.4
104.2
69.4
65.8
..
78.5
..
..
..
80.1
88.8
..
99.4
..
..
..
..
106.1
..
..
101.3
81.9
101.2
100.1
89.0
..
78.3
90.1
101.9
100.4
100.0
104.0
..
..
..
..
94.0
..
..
98.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
80.7
..
96.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
101.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
97.4
..
..
..
..
..
91.7
88.2
..
66.6
41.7
92.4
..
..
73.6
100.2
..
..
..
64.3
86.2
..
61.4
101.1
114.9
..
93.9
..
..
81.9
101.8
..
..
..
..
97.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
103.2
..
76.0
..
..
..
81.1
66.9
103.2
..
99.2
..
101.7
79.4
72.8
98.7
84.8
..
84.6
100.5
93.6
..
98.0
84.5
97.3
79.1
81.3
101.8
114.4
114.9
..
99.0
..
90.8
102.1
81.6
104.2
..
83.6
100.5
101.0
75.7
..
71.1
..
..
..
103.2
97.3
..
..
82.3
101.1
15.0
3.0
5.0
..
..
14.0
12.0
4.0
..
0.0
5.0
14.0
6.0
13.0
..
..
13.0
8.0
..
..
20.0
1.0
..
..
7.0
10.0
..
..
7.0
16.0
7.0
5.0
..
17.0
12.0
13.0
16.0
..
4.0
3.0
..
4.0
..
5.0
12.0
7.0
11.0
16.0
6.0
..
8.0
6.0
6.0
11.0
7.0
2.0
..
..
12.0
..
5.0
15.0
2.0
8.0
2.0
9.0
9.0
..
4.0
4.0
..
8.0
8.0
12.0
4.0
8.0
..
22.0
1.0
..
17.0
9.0
12.0
24.0
9.0
..
30.0
..
3.0
16.0
..
18.0
10.0
14.0
38.6
10.8
7.9
15.3
32.1
13.9
18.1
9.6
5.2
3.0
8.4
7.3
8.9
10.0
22.0
27.8
14.7
7.5
8.3
..
10.0
9.8
24.2
12.5
..
20.8
10.2
22.1
18.8
39.2
24.4
..
7.0
56.3
18.2
22.7
23.5
13.2
6.8
44.5
25.6
13.6
30.7
11.1
31.5
14.0
15.0
..
..
33.5
23.0
14.3
..
..
..
3.8
..
25.9
26.1
..
10.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.8
21.4
..
..
..
10.5
..
..
37.4
11.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.7
..
22.2
..
..
41.0
..
16.6
15.4
..
..
42.9
23.2
..
..
38.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.7
24.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.8
38.6
..
42.8
..
18.6
33.0
..
..
..
..
..
41.1
..
..
..
..
..
22.0
20.4
..
24.3
45.2
26.5
..
22.2
38.9
46.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
47.3
..
..
31.7
28.5
..
..
..
11.4
37.7
..
34.6
35.8
36.7
..
41.4
36.1
21.1
33.0
..
10.6
..
23.2
..
45.1
..
..
30.5
..
39.0
22.0
21.9
81.6
72.3
80.5
..
68.8
84.6
..
71.0
92.1
..
82.6
97.6
..
..
95.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.9
83.2
..
2.0
0.0
4.0
..
0.0
4.0
3.0
0.0
2.0
..
1.0
12.0
7.7
13.8
1.8
7.7
10.5
27.6
..
..
20.5
..
..
..
..
..
19.0
..
..
24.3
15.0
26.7
18.1
15.8
20.8
25.0
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
52
Table
3.4
1990
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
2010
1990
2010
243
178
59
205
183
137
59
165
207
125
181
116
151
190
141
184
93
165
122
229
210
99
89
227
159
222
255
124
24
219
73
311
213
163
94
139
17
276
180
60
125
96
155
147
175
183
78
200
143
96
191
164
148
46
176
190
104
181
104
148
152
93
141
88
128
99
175
177
111
127
169
102
167
213
116
19
177
74
218
186
177
87
119
14
233
180
78
114
114
130
124
144
157
115
164
118
49
178
143
138
37
161
175
87
172
94
125
125
63
109
75
101
77
134
152
87
92
109
65
98
182
112
15
140
44
150
147
98
81
79
14
180
180
61
104
82
80
106
103
116
83
161
115
48
176
142
136
36
159
173
86
170
93
123
121
61
106
74
98
74
130
150
85
85
103
62
92
178
111
15
135
40
143
143
91
80
75
14
174
180
57
103
78
92
103
99
111
80
144
107
46
103
110
85
46
110
113
88
117
74
105
118
87
111
68
78
77
135
125
64
72
151
97
131
131
80
21
146
49
132
126
99
61
70
14
162
108
47
78
70
95
87
106
109
52
119
89
64
98
100
91
37
115
105
75
117
67
100
98
60
87
63
66
64
106
107
69
88
115
65
99
113
77
16
119
49
98
112
106
57
63
12
142
108
54
72
77
81
76
88
94
69
100
75
37
93
89
85
30
107
100
64
113
61
87
82
44
70
55
58
51
84
93
56
67
78
45
61
101
75
13
95
32
75
90
63
54
51
12
117
108
43
67
57
53
67
65
72
52
98
73
36
93
88
84
29
106
99
63
112
61
86
81
42
68
54
57
50
81
92
55
65
74
43
58
99
75
13
92
29
73
88
59
53
50
12
114
108
41
66
55
60
66
63
69
51
38
79
87
79
74
56
79
82
32
87
38
75
56
88
..
38
76
86
61
35
53
78
80
..
47
81
43
38
76
59
..
25
54
83
71
51
86
..
30
79
57
85
80
73
52
90
87
41
70
91
59
76
49
86
36
28
70
46
34
68
51
76
52
55
89
98
42
71
75
74
63
55
73
55
62
84
71
69
37
33
74
69
48
97
37
24
72
58
92
78
58
57
85
75
77
72
94
94
91
74
96
62
49
79
67
76
67
51
95
75
55
99
93
51
61
88
85
64
64
92
60
59
99
67
76
69
64
93
90
79
97
78
43
65
82
94
91
84
63
87
76
93
69
94
94
92
79
96
62
46
72
68
76
70
51
99
81
55
97
93
51
61
86
85
64
67
93
63
67
99
70
75
71
71
82
92
60
99
82
46
65
90
94
92
84
55
91
84
68
123
94
45
86
49
49
106
47
27
55
28
37
93
24
18
37
17
36
91
22
17
36
16
55
95
68
33
67
39
41
83
37
22
46
24
32
74
20
14
32
15
31
73
19
13
30
14
83
85
86
89
79
93
80
50
98
93
93
95
92
84
95
98
98
98
95
85
96
98
98
97
53
Table
3.5
1990
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
1,200
770
140
700
1,100
670
200
930
920
440
930
420
710
1,200
880
950
270
700
580
1,200
1,100
400
520
1,200
640
1,100
1,100
760
68
910
200
1,200
1,100
910
150
670
..
1,300
890
250
1,000
300
870
620
600
470
450
890
530
350
450
1,000
730
170
1,000
1,100
340
770
540
590
450
390
700
270
520
550
970
970
490
690
1,300
400
840
740
630
28
710
280
870
970
840
110
500
..
1,300
1,000
330
870
360
730
440
530
540
640
450
350
160
300
800
690
79
890
1,100
280
540
560
400
240
240
350
230
360
350
610
790
360
620
770
240
460
540
510
60
490
200
590
630
340
70
370
..
890
1,000
300
730
320
460
300
310
440
570
..
498
326
484
..
..
..
1,100
830
..
..
..
600
..
998
..
..
..
..
530
910
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
590
..
..
..
560
..
..
1,000
150
..
229
..
478
..
..
700
..
400
200
310
620
670
54
540
1,100
380
550
780
540
..
..
670
520
730
450
980
410
488
1,200
990
500
810
460
690
22
500
450
650
550
750
160
400
57
860
1,000
400
1,100
589
450
..
440
590
730
1996
1996
1996
1999
..
1998
1998
1995
1997
1996
..
..
1999
1994
1995
..
..
1990
1998
1999
1995
1998
1993
..
1997
1992
1996
1991
1999
1997
1992
1998
1999
1992
..
1999
..
..
1999
1998
1990
1994
1999
1998
1995
1999
1999
22.5
59.8
87
30.9
..
58.2
88.5
45.9
15
51.6
..
..
47.1
5
20.6
..
..
44.1
44.3
34.8
25
44.3
60.9
..
47.3
54.8
40
40
98.5
44.2
68.2
17.6
41.6
25.8
..
48.3
..
..
34.2
84.4
69.4
56
35.8
50.5
37.8
47.1
72.5
2007
2006
2007
2006
2010
2006
2005
2009
2010
2000
2010
2005
2006
2000
2002
2005
2000
2010
2008
2007
2010
2009
2009
2007
2009
2006
2006
2007
2005
2008
2007
2006
2008
2010
2009
2005
..
2008
2006
2003
2006
2010
2010
2010
2006
2007
2009
47.3
74.0
94.6
53.5
60.3
63.0
77.5
43.7
22.7
61.8
79.3
83.4
56.8
64.6
28.3
5.7
85.5
56.7
57.1
46.1
44.0
43.8
61.5
46.3
43.9
53.6
49.0
60.9
99.2
55.3
81.4
17.7
38.9
69.0
81.7
51.9
..
42.4
33.0
91.2
49.2
82.0
48.9
60.1
41.9
46.5
60.2
220
290
230
99
300
130
140
290
100
67
170
84
97
200
66
58
100
56
117
74
..
77
332
69
..
550
55
..
130
..
1992
..
1998
1999
1995
1995
77
..
55.2
99
39.6
80.5
2006
2006
2008
2008
2004
2006
95.2
92.9
78.9
99.8
62.6
94.6
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
54
Table
3.6
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Prevalence of HIV
(% ages 1549)
1990
2009
0.5
0.2
3.5
3.9
3.9
0.6
..
3.1
1.1
<0.1
..
5.2
2.4
0.1
0.3
..
0.9
0.1
0.3
1.1
0.3
3.9
0.8
0.3
0.2
7.2
0.4
0.2
<0.1
1.2
1.6
0.1
1.3
5.2
..
0.2
..
<0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
2.3
4.8
0.6
10.2
12.7
10.1
2.0
1.2
24.8
1.2
3.3
5.3
..
4.7
3.4
0.1
..
3.4
3.4
5.0
0.8
..
5.2
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.5
6.3
23.6
1.5
0.2
11.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
11.5
13.1
0.8
3.6
2.9
..
0.9
..
1.6
0.7
17.8
1.1
25.9
5.6
3.2
6.5
13.5
14.3
1996
1996
1996
1999
..
1998
1998
1995
1997
1996
1991
..
1999
..
1995
1997
..
1990
1999
1999
..
1998
1995
..
1999
1996
1996
1992
1991
1997
1992
1998
1999
1996
..
1999
..
1992
1999
1998
1999
..
1999
1998
1995
1999
1999
8.1
16.4
41.7
11.9
..
19.3
52.9
14.8
4.1
21.0
7.7
..
15.0
..
8.0
3.3
..
11.8
22.0
6.2
..
39.0
29.1
..
25.0
21.9
6.7
4.1
74.6
5.6
28.9
8.2
15.3
13.7
..
10.5
..
2.6
7.9
56.3
7.0
..
25.4
23.5
14.8
22.0
53.5
2001
2006
2007
2006
2010
2006
2005
2006
2010
2000
2010
2005
2006
2000
2002
2005
2000
2001
2008
2005
2010
2009
2009
2007
2009
2006
2006
2007
2002
2008
2007
2010
2008
2010
2009
2005
..
2008
2006
2004
2006
2010
2010
2010
2006
2007
2009
6.2
17.0
52.8
17.4
21.9
29.2
61.3
19.0
4.8
25.7
17.3
44.3
12.9
10.1
8.0
14.7
32.7
18.0
23.5
9.1
14.2
45.5
47.0
11.4
39.9
41.0
8.2
9.3
75.9
16.2
55.1
18.0
14.6
51.6
38.4
11.8
..
8.2
14.6
59.9
7.6
49.3
34.4
15.2
23.7
40.8
64.9
2007
2006
..
2006
2010
2006
..
2006
2010
2000
2010
2005
2006
2000
2008
2007
2008
2006
2008
2008
2010
2009
..
2009
2009
2010
2010
2004
..
2008
2009
2010
2010
2010
2009
2009
..
2008
2006
..
2009
2007
2010
2010
2009
2010
2009
17.7
20.1
..
9.6
45.2
13.1
..
15.1
9.8
9.3
35.7
6.1
3.0
0.7
48.9
33.1
55.1
49.0
28.2
4.5
35.5
46.7
..
26.4
45.8
56.5
70.2
2.1
..
22.8
34.0
63.7
29.1
69.8
56.2
29.2
..
25.8
11.4
..
25.3
0.6
63.6
56.9
32.8
49.9
17.3
<0.1
0.9
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
2.5
<0.1
..
0.1
0.1
1995
..
1998
1995
1997
1995
56.9
..
51.7
45.2
58.4
60.0
2006
2008
2008
..
2004
2006
61.4
22.5
60.3
..
63.0
60.2
..
2009
..
..
..
..
..
19.9
..
..
..
..
(continued)
55
Table
3.6
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
1990
Incidence of tuberculosis
(per 100,000 people)
1999
2010
205
77
533
66
148
81
175
145
125
85
327
169
150
80
72
173
153
185
155
119
158
139
184
199
177
326
163
228
28
401
696
125
128
405
135
195
43
207
285
301
119
267
226
308
624
710
296
250
85
918
69
178
168
160
302
262
56
327
353
198
100
85
235
248
225
152
200
192
286
553
242
217
467
124
277
24
513
1077
152
172
286
114
237
37
377
285
576
119
803
236
374
427
713
726
304
94
503
55
129
177
147
319
276
37
327
372
139
135
100
261
553
273
86
334
233
298
633
293
266
219
68
337
22
544
603
185
133
106
96
288
31
682
286
981
119
1287
177
455
209
462
633
1998
1999
1999
1999
1998
1999
..
1995
1998
1999
1999
1999
1999
1997
1999
1999
1998
1997
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1997
1999
1999
..
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
..
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
68.0
77.0
71.0
61.0
74.0
75.0
..
37.0
64.0
93.0
69.0
61.0
63.0
82.0
44.0
74.0
50.0
70.0
51.0
74.0
35.0
79.0
69.0
74.0
64.0
71.0
69.0
..
87.0
71.0
51.0
60.0
75.0
67.0
81.0
58.0
91.0
75.0
88.0
57.0
80.0
..
78.0
76.0
61.0
69.0
73.0
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2008
2009
2009
2008
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
72.0
90.0
79.0
76.0
90.0
78.0
74.0
53.0
76.0
90.0
88.0
78.0
79.0
66.0
85.0
84.0
55.0
89.0
87.0
79.0
67.0
86.0
70.0
83.0
82.0
88.0
78.0
63.0
88.0
85.0
85.0
79.0
83.0
85.0
98.0
85.0
64.0
79.0
85.0
73.0
80.0
69.0
88.0
81.0
67.0
90.0
78.0
66
619
34
40
147
29
87
619
26
40
109
24
90
620
18
40
91
25
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
1999
87.0
72.0
85.0
67.0
88.0
91.0
2009
2009
2009
2008
2009
2009
91.0
79.0
88.0
69.0
84.0
83.0
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
56
Table
3.7
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
1990
Forest area
(% of total land area)
2000
2010
48.9
52.1
24.2
25.0
11.3
51.4
14.4
37.3
10.4
6.5
70.7
66.6
32.1
66.3
16.1
13.7
85.4
44.2
32.7
29.6
78.8
6.5
1.3
51.2
23.5
41.3
11.5
0.4
19.2
55.2
10.6
1.5
18.9
12.9
28.1
48.6
89.1
43.5
13.2
6.8
32.2
27.4
46.8
12.6
23.8
71.0
57.3
47.9
45.8
22.1
22.8
7.7
46.8
20.4
36.8
9.8
4.3
69.4
66.1
32.5
62.1
15.6
13.7
85.4
46.1
26.8
28.1
75.4
6.3
1.4
48.1
22.6
37.8
10.9
0.3
19.2
52.4
9.8
1.1
14.4
13.9
28.1
46.2
89.1
40.8
12.0
5.7
29.7
30.1
42.3
8.9
19.4
68.8
48.8
46.9
41.2
20.0
20.7
6.7
42.1
21.1
36.3
9.2
1.6
68.0
65.6
32.7
58.0
15.2
12.3
85.4
48.0
21.7
26.6
71.9
6.1
1.5
44.9
21.6
34.3
10.2
0.2
17.2
49.6
8.9
1.0
9.9
17.6
28.1
44.0
89.1
38.1
10.8
4.7
29.4
32.7
37.7
5.3
15.0
66.5
40.4
12.4
23.8
30.3
13.7
3.8
7.0
2.5
17.5
9.4
0.0
10.0
..
22.6
7.3
4.9
..
4.6
1.5
14.6
6.8
7.7
11.6
0.5
..
2.2
15.0
2.3
0.5
1.7
14.8
14.4
7.1
11.6
9.9
..
24.1
42.0
5.0
..
6.5
4.2
3.0
26.5
11.3
7.9
36.0
18.0
12.4
23.8
30.9
13.9
4.9
8.7
2.5
17.7
9.4
0.0
10.0
..
22.6
19.2
4.9
..
5.7
1.5
14.7
6.8
16.1
11.8
0.5
..
3.1
15.0
2.3
0.5
4.5
14.8
14.5
7.1
12.8
9.9
..
24.1
42.0
5.0
..
6.9
4.2
3.0
26.9
11.3
8.5
36.0
18.1
12.4
23.8
30.9
14.2
4.9
9.2
2.5
17.7
9.4
..
10.0
..
22.6
19.2
5.0
..
15.1
1.5
14.7
6.8
16.1
11.8
0.5
..
3.1
15.0
2.4
0.5
4.5
15.8
14.9
7.1
12.8
10.0
..
24.1
42.0
5.0
..
6.9
4.2
3.0
..
11.3
10.3
36.0
28.0
5.4
3.2
7.6
..
..
5.1
17.1
..
..
29.6
2.0
10.7
5.5
..
..
1.8
11.8
24.0
2.5
..
16.5
3.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.5
0.9
..
..
2.0
..
..
6.4
26.3
..
..
3.0
2.6
10.9
2.2
2.8
..
1.8
..
4.6
4.3
9.1
..
..
4.6
..
..
..
..
0.8
11.5
4.5
..
3.0
1.9
11.2
..
2.6
..
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.3
8.4
..
2.0
..
..
6.1
..
..
..
2.9
3.5
..
2.1
2.1
..
1.7
..
8.0
3.5
11.4
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
0.9
10.1
3.2
..
3.5
2.2
10.7
..
3.6
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
7.3
..
2.9
..
..
7.1
..
..
..
3.2
5.3
..
2.7
2.0
..
2.1
..
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.1
11.3
4.1
0.7
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.2
5.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.5
6.5
6.3
0.0
1.9
..
1.2
1.3
6.3
0.0
4.3
..
1.6
1.3
6.3
..
5.9
..
1.6
..
7.1
11.8
5.8
..
9.7
7.4
6.9
..
6.2
4.0
8.3
8.0
6.5
..
5.9
4.7
8.8
9.5
(continued)
57
Table
3.7
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
58
0.4
0.2
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
..
0.1
5.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
1.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.6
0.4
1.6
0.1
0.0
9.5
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.5
0.7
0.3
2.4
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.4
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.9
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.5
2.3
0.1
0.9
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.6
0.4
7.0
0.2
0.1
8.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
1.1
1.4
0.5
2.5
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
7.3
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.6
3.1
0.1
1.8
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.8
0.4
7.8
0.2
0.1
8.9
0.3
1.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.7
42.0
57.0
93.0
43.0
70.0
49.0
..
58.0
39.0
87.0
45.0
..
76.0
..
43.0
14.0
..
74.0
53.0
51.0
36.0
44.0
80.0
..
29.0
41.0
28.0
30.0
99.0
36.0
64.0
35.0
47.0
66.0
..
61.0
..
38.0
..
83.0
65.0
39.0
55.0
49.0
43.0
49.0
79.0
46.0
66.0
95.0
60.0
72.0
64.0
83.0
63.0
45.0
92.0
44.0
70.0
77.0
51.0
54.0
29.0
85.0
83.0
71.0
63.0
50.0
52.0
80.0
61.0
38.0
62.0
46.0
40.0
99.0
42.0
81.0
42.0
53.0
66.0
79.0
66.0
..
46.0
22.0
86.0
62.0
52.0
54.0
55.0
58.0
54.0
80.0
51.0
75.0
96.0
79.0
72.0
77.0
88.0
67.0
51.0
95.0
45.0
71.0
80.0
..
..
44.0
87.0
89.0
86.0
74.0
64.0
59.0
78.0
73.0
46.0
83.0
64.0
50.0
99.0
47.0
93.0
49.0
58.0
65.0
89.0
72.0
..
55.0
29.0
91.0
58.0
71.0
53.0
61.0
72.0
61.0
80.0
29.0
5.0
38.0
8.0
44.0
48.0
..
11.0
8.0
17.0
9.0
..
20.0
..
9.0
3.0
..
..
7.0
10.0
..
25.0
..
..
9.0
39.0
15.0
16.0
89.0
11.0
24.0
5.0
37.0
36.0
..
38.0
..
11.0
..
71.0
27.0
48.0
7.0
13.0
27.0
46.0
41.0
42.0
9.0
52.0
11.0
45.0
49.0
44.0
22.0
10.0
28.0
16.0
20.0
22.0
89.0
11.0
9.0
36.0
63.0
10.0
14.0
14.0
28.0
25.0
12.0
12.0
46.0
18.0
21.0
89.0
14.0
28.0
7.0
34.0
47.0
21.0
45.0
..
11.0
22.0
75.0
27.0
52.0
9.0
13.0
30.0
47.0
40.0
58.0
13.0
62.0
17.0
46.0
49.0
61.0
34.0
13.0
36.0
24.0
18.0
24.0
..
..
21.0
33.0
68.0
14.0
18.0
20.0
32.0
26.0
18.0
15.0
51.0
22.0
26.0
89.0
18.0
32.0
9.0
31.0
55.0
26.0
52.0
..
13.0
23.0
79.0
26.0
57.0
10.0
13.0
34.0
48.0
40.0
3.1
0.7
1.3
9.3
1.0
1.6
2.9
0.6
2.1
9.5
1.2
2.1
3.2
0.6
2.7
9.5
1.5
2.4
94.0
78.0
93.0
54.0
73.0
81.0
89.0
82.0
96.0
54.0
78.0
90.0
83.0
88.0
99.0
..
83.0
..
88.0
66.0
72.0
97.0
53.0
74.0
92.0
60.0
86.0
97.0
64.0
81.0
95.0
50.0
95.0
97.0
70.0
..
Table
3.8
Debt sustainability
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries
(HIPC) Debt Initiative
Decision pointa
Completion pointa
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
..
Jul. 2000
..
Jul. 2000
Aug. 2005
Oct. 2000
..
Sep. 2007
May 2001
Jun. 2010
Jul. 2003
Mar. 2006
Mar. 2009
..
..
Nov. 2001
..
Dec. 2000
Feb. 2002
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
..
..
Mar. 2008
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Sep. 2000
Feb. 2000
..
Apr. 2000
..
Dec. 2000
..
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Jun. 2000
..
Mar. 2002
..
..
..
..
Apr. 2000
Nov. 2008
Feb. 2000
Dec. 2000
..
..
Mar. 2003
..
Apr. 2002
Jan. 2009
Apr. 2006
..
Jun. 2009
..
..
Jul. 2010
Jan. 2010
..
..
..
Apr. 2004
..
Dec. 2007
Jul. 2004
..
Dec. 2010
..
..
Jun. 2010
Oct. 2004
Aug. 2006
Mar. 2003
Jun. 2002
..
Sep. 2001
..
Apr. 2004
..
Apr. 2005
Mar. 2007
Apr. 2004
..
Dec. 2006
..
..
..
..
Nov. 2001
Dec. 2010
May. 2000
Apr. 2005
..
..
460
..
930
1,366
4,917
..
804
260
136
15,222
1,738
3,415
..
..
3,275
..
112
3,500
800
790
..
..
4,600
1,900
1,628
895
1,100
..
4,300
..
1,190
..
1,316
263
850
..
994
..
..
..
..
3,000
360
1,950
3,900
..
7.1
8.4
4.3
7.7
40.7
12.5
8.9
7.5
2.3
2.5
..
30.9
14.7
..
..
33.2
3.8
17.3
19.9
17.7
22.0
22.7
4.1
..
31.9
22.4
9.7
24.8
4.5
17.2
..
3.2
22.3
9.4
28.6
13.7
7.6
7.8
..
..
4.5
5.3
25.1
8.6
47.1
12.6
18.2
20.4
10.7
2.0
15.1
25.1
13.5
10.7
..
..
..
..
0.5
14.9
..
2.8
12.2
8.8
..
12.0
17.6
..
15.7
6.8
..
8.4
10.8
10.2
..
16.3
7.0
..
6.0
8.2
15.3
19.9
13.2
3.3
29.6
..
5.5
10.1
2.1
10.3
3.2
6.5
17.4
..
4.4
..
1.3
..
1.8
2.7
5.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.9
..
7.0
2.8
4.9
..
3.9
1.5
1.0
..
..
..
..
1.5
2.8
..
..
0.4
2.3
5.6
..
3.7
2.0
..
1.9
4.1
1.8
1.3
..
1.7
0.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
63.3
..
23.2
..
23.1
23.0
..
4.8
8.5
..
23.0
20.0
0.6
6.8
5.7
..
6.8
8.5
(continued)
59
Table
3.8
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
..
2002
2000
2006
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2006
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2008
2010
2005
..
..
..
2010
..
2004
2001
..
..
..
2006
2002
2004
..
2009
..
..
2006
..
2009
2005
2004
..
0.8
13.6
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.9
..
..
16.6
..
..
..
34.4
5.9
2.3
..
..
..
23.4
..
41.7
3.2
..
..
..
14.8
20.3
5.2
..
48.2
..
..
8.8
..
5.4
23.4
7.6
..
2002
2000
2006
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2006
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2008
2010
2005
..
..
..
2010
..
2004
2001
..
..
..
2006
..
2004
..
2009
..
..
2006
..
..
2000
2004
..
1.1
13.2
4.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.5
..
..
16.4
..
..
..
29
3.9
1.7
..
..
..
19.4
..
36.7
4
..
..
..
11.9
..
7.3
..
44.6
..
..
7.4
..
..
23.1
7.6
..
2002
2000
2006
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2006
..
..
2000
..
..
..
2008
2010
2005
..
..
..
2010
..
2004
2001
..
..
..
2006
..
2004
..
2009
..
..
2006
..
..
2000
2004
..
0.6
14
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.4
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
41.9
7.7
2.8
..
..
..
29
..
47
1.7
..
..
..
20.1
..
3.5
..
52.5
..
..
10.1
..
..
19.5
7.6
0.7
0.3
1.9
0.2
0.1
0.3
2.4
0.2
0.1
0.8
0.1
0.7
0.6
0.4
..
0.3
2.2
0.6
0.3
0.2
0.6
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.3
0.3
0.1
0.3
5.5
0.4
3.8
0.1
0.3
0.2
1.9
0.6
12.4
0.3
0.2
9.4
0.2
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.2
0.8
1.2
0.7
1.6
20.4
0.6
0.6
1.3
17.0
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.1
2.9
4.4
2.1
0.8
0.4
12.9
3.0
1.8
0.8
0.9
1.3
2.2
0.3
0.8
0.9
0.4
1.3
38.8
0.8
10.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
3.3
4.8
57.4
0.8
1.4
30.2
1.2
6.4
0.8
1.9
0.8
1.8
4.1
48.3
81.5
124.6
35.5
14.1
46.8
89.5
22.4
24.3
25.4
18.0
94.2
77.6
59.0
4.6
9.4
109.0
88.3
72.6
40.3
39.5
62.6
47.3
39.5
37.9
21.5
49.2
81.4
123.2
31.3
73.9
25.1
55.8
33.8
66.8
69.9
160.5
34.3
8.0
109.2
41.4
73.6
47.2
44.2
39.4
42.8
64.3
..
..
0.1
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.2
2.9
0.1
0.1
0.3
1.8
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
1.2
0.9
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
7.3
0.1
1.6
0.0
0.1
0.1
4.6
0.4
7.2
0.1
0.0
5.4
0.0
1.0
0.1
1.9
0.2
0.2
0.4
10.0
3.1
6.0
1.4
2.1
4.0
30.0
2.3
1.7
5.1
0.7
5.0
2.6
6.0
5.4
0.8
7.2
9.2
9.6
1.0
2.5
25.9
3.9
7.0
1.7
2.3
2.7
3.0
28.7
4.2
6.5
0.8
28.4
13.0
18.8
16.0
41.0
..
..
12.3
..
9.0
11.0
5.4
12.5
10.1
11.5
2006
..
2007
..
2009
2005
24.3
..
24.8
..
21.9
30.7
2004
..
2007
..
2009
2005
42.8
..
17.2
..
22.8
31.4
2004
..
2007
..
2009
2005
46.3
..
47.9
..
19.4
29.3
3.2
1.0
2.8
5.1
1.6
3.7
6.1
1.4
10.1
12.3
13.1
11.2
100.7
20.7
99.0
190.9
111.8
117.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.7
2.7
12.5
6.5
26.7
14.0
49.0
36.6
60
Drivers of growth
Table
4.1
Doing Business
Overall ranking
2010
2011
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
171
173
52
151
177
165
129
183
182
156
176
180
170
161
178
104
160
145
60
179
181
106
142
155
144
141
148
162
21
132
74
172
133
50
174
157
109
150
..
36
135
123
125
158
119
80
168
172
175
54
150
169
161
119
182
183
157
178
181
167
155
180
111
156
149
63
179
176
109
143
151
137
145
146
159
23
139
78
173
133
45
163
154
103
141
..
35
135
124
127
162
123
84
171
143
167
108
..
115
40
148
170
110
..
94
46
Number of
procedures
2010 2011
9
8
7
10
4
9
6
8
8
13
11
10
10
10
21
13
5
9
8
7
12
17
11
7
5
2
10
6
9
5
9
10
9
8
2
10
4
10
6
..
6
10
12
12
7
18
6
9
9.4
14
11
6
..
6
10
8
8
6
10
3
9
5
8
7
11
11
10
10
10
21
13
5
9
8
7
12
9
11
7
4
3
10
4
9
5
9
10
9
8
2
4
3
10
6
..
5
10
12
12
7
16
6
9
9.4
14
11
6
..
6
10
Starting a business
Cost
Time spent for
(% of GNI
each procedure
per capita)
(days)
2010 2011
2010
2011
45
68
31
61
14
14
19
11
22
75
24
84
160
40
137
84
9
58
27
12
40
216
33
40
20
7
39
8
19
6
13
66
17
31
3
144
8
39
12
..
22
36
56
29
84
25
18
90
18.4
25
37
7
..
12
11
37
68
29
61
13
14
15
11
21
66
24
65
160
32
137
84
9
58
27
12
40
9
33
40
6
8
39
8
19
6
13
66
17
34
3
10
5
39
12
..
19
36
56
29
84
34
18
90
18.4
25
37
7
..
12
11
97.4
163.0
154.3
2.2
53.4
124.3
51.2
18.5
228.4
226.9
176.5
735.1
111.4
133.0
147.9
69.2
14.1
21.9
199.6
11.9
147.7
183.3
38.3
26.0
88.3
12.9
108.4
79.7
56.0
3.8
13.9
18.5
118.6
78.9
8.8
77.3
63.1
17.5
110.7
..
6.0
33.6
33.0
30.9
178.1
94.4
27.9
182.8
42.0
12.9
169.9
6.3
..
15.8
5.0
81.2
118.9
149.9
1.8
47.7
116.8
45.5
17.0
175.5
208.5
176.2
551.4
85.2
132.6
101.4
62.6
12.8
17.3
206.1
17.3
118.0
49.8
37.8
24.9
68.4
12.1
90.9
90.5
48.3
3.6
11.7
17.2
114.4
70.6
4.7
24.5
68.0
16.0
93.3
..
0.3
31.4
29.2
28.8
177.2
84.5
27.4
148.9
41.5
12.1
169.8
5.6
..
15.7
4.2
Registering property
Minimum capital
(% of GNI
per capita)
2010
2011
145.6
28.7
285.3
0.0
416.2
0.0
191.8
42.4
468.6
386.7
245.5
0.0
129.8
202.9
21.3
268.4
367.7
32.7
0.0
6.5
519.1
415.1
0.0
12.0
0.0
248.1
0.0
306.8
412.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
613.0
0.0
0.0
385.7
205.1
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
486.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.9
34.4
434.1
0.0
..
11.2
0.0
129.8
25.3
280.4
0.0
373.3
0.0
182.9
39.0
452.9
345.0
252.9
0.0
88.0
200.4
14.6
243.0
333.5
26.4
0.0
5.5
407.3
398.7
0.0
11.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
348.3
334.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
584.2
0.0
0.0
336.0
203.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
484.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
95.1
30.6
434.0
0.0
..
10.7
0.0
Number of
procedures
2010
2011
6
7
4
5
4
5
5
6
5
6
4
6
6
6
6
11
10
7
5
5
6
8
8
6
10
6
6
5
4
4
8
7
4
13
4
7
6
4
7
..
6
6
9
9
5
13
5
5
7
10
7
7
..
8
4
6
7
4
5
4
5
5
6
5
6
4
6
6
6
6
11
10
7
5
5
6
8
8
6
10
6
6
5
4
4
8
7
4
13
5
7
6
4
7
..
6
6
9
9
5
13
5
5
7
10
7
7
..
8
4
Time required
(days)
2010
2011
67
184
120
16
59
94
93
73
75
44
30
54
55
62
23
78
41
39
66
34
59
210
64
101
50
74
49
29
49
26
42
39
35
82
55
62
122
33
86
..
24
9
44
73
295
77
40
31
55
48
40
72
..
75
39
65
184
120
16
59
94
93
31
75
44
30
54
55
62
23
78
41
39
66
34
59
210
64
101
50
74
69
29
49
22
42
39
35
82
25
62
122
33
86
..
23
9
21
73
295
48
40
31
55
48
40
72
..
75
39
Cost
(% of property
value)
2010
2011
9.4
11.5
11.8
5.0
13.1
5.8
19.3
3.9
18.5
18.2
10.5
7.0
10.7
13.9
6.3
9.1
2.1
10.5
7.6
0.8
14.0
10.7
4.2
8.0
13.2
9.8
3.2
11.9
5.2
10.6
9.9
8.6
11.0
20.9
0.4
10.9
20.6
7.0
12.2
..
8.8
3.0
7.1
4.4
13.0
3.2
6.6
8.5
6.4
7.1
13.0
0.8
..
4.9
6.1
9.4
3.2
11.8
5.0
12.8
5.6
19.2
3.9
11.0
18.1
10.5
6.8
20.6
13.9
6.2
9.1
2.1
10.5
7.7
0.7
14.4
10.6
4.3
8.0
13.1
10.6
3.2
12.1
4.7
10.6
8.7
13.7
11.0
20.8
6.3
8.9
20.3
7.0
11.8
..
5.6
3.0
7.1
4.4
13.0
2.9
8.3
8.0
6.4
7.1
13.0
0.8
..
4.9
6.1
(continued)
61
Drivers of growth
Table
4.1
Enforcing contracts
Number of procedures
2010
2011
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
39
46
42
29
37
44
43
37
43
41
43
43
44
33
40
39
37
38
33
36
49
40
40
41
41
38
42
36
46
36
30
33
39
40
24
43
44
37
40
..
29
53
40
38
41
38
35
38
41
45
40
41
..
40
39
655
1011
795
625
446
832
800
425
660
743
506
610
560
770
553
405
620
1070
434
487
276
1715
465
785
1280
871
312
620
370
645
730
270
545
457
230
1185
780
915
515
..
600
810
972
462
588
490
471
410
788
630
1225
1010
..
510
565
Cost
(% of debt)
2010
2011
651
1,011
825
625
446
832
800
425
660
743
506
610
560
770
553
405
620
1,070
434
487
276
1,715
465
785
1,280
871
312
620
370
645
730
270
545
457
230
1,185
780
720
515
..
600
810
972
462
588
490
471
410
788
630
1,225
1,010
..
510
565
39.1
46.0
42.0
29.0
37.0
44.0
43.0
37.0
43.0
41.0
43.0
43.0
44.0
33.0
40.0
39.0
37.0
38.0
33.0
36.0
49.0
40.0
40.0
41.0
41.0
38.0
42.0
36.0
46.0
36.0
30.0
33.0
39.0
40.0
24.0
43.0
44.0
37.0
40.0
..
29.0
53.0
40.0
38.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
45.0
40.0
41.0
..
40.0
39.0
50
44
65
28
82
39
47
20
82
46
89
152
53
42
19
23
15
34
38
23
45
25
47
20
35
42
94
52
23
17
143
36
60
32
79
51
27
15
150
..
33
20
56
14
48
45
39
113
26
22
34
26
..
25
22
39.0
46.0
42.0
28.0
37.0
44.0
43.0
37.0
43.0
41.0
43.0
43.0
44.0
33.0
40.0
39.0
37.0
38.0
33.0
36.0
49.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
41.0
38.0
42.0
36.0
46.0
36.0
30.0
33.0
39.0
40.0
24.0
43.0
43.0
37.0
39.0
..
29.0
53.0
40.0
38.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
45.0
40.0
41.0
..
40.0
39.0
15
11
12
22
12
22
11
17
18
13
15
11
14
18
15
..
9
13
14
16
29
12
8
12
23
16
18
11
22
16
13
12
12
15
12
13
13
17
20
..
13
16
13
19
12
15
14
12
18
19
14
22
..
16
17
15
11
12
22
12
22
11
17
18
13
15
11
14
18
15
..
9
13
14
16
29
12
8
12
23
16
18
11
18
16
13
12
12
15
12
13
13
17
20
..
13
16
13
19
12
15
14
12
18
19
15
22
..
15
17
213
321
372
145
98
135
147
122
203
154
155
117
186
583
166
..
128
201
143
218
287
170
125
510
75
172
200
187
168
136
370
139
326
85
164
211
210
126
238
..
127
270
95
303
309
125
196
614
171
281
171
218
..
104
88
211
321
372
145
98
135
147
122
203
154
155
117
186
583
166
..
128
201
143
218
287
170
125
510
75
172
200
179
119
136
370
139
326
85
164
211
210
126
238
..
127
270
95
303
309
125
196
614
171
281
172
218
..
97
88
990.9
259.0
134.9
245.4
524.1
6,295.5
1,149.5
570.0
116.1
6,452.4
63.0
2,692.2
232.4
207.3
219.7
..
406.9
26.6
207.3
598.7
351.5
1,075.0
164.4
1,122.1
824.4
468.8
1,304.7
390.0
61.4
32.3
146.0
113.0
2,323.9
564.2
349.8
565.1
439.6
34.7
325.2
..
23.1
100.1
130.0
1,255.5
998.4
1,064.0
2,410.5
7,553.7
516.7
26.0
1,828.1
173.8
..
246.1
309.7
823.7
180.3
132.6
203.0
345.0
4,065.7
1,096.2
523.8
112.2
5,756.5
62.8
1,670.7
157.7
204.8
150.6
..
369.1
21.5
192.9
560.3
275.8
1,032.7
160.9
1,038.7
694.1
422.2
1,077.5
439.3
49.9
30.6
123.0
103.0
2,214.5
504.8
312.0
536.8
435.2
30.3
272.6
..
21.2
88.0
115.2
1,170.1
994.0
946.8
2,015.2
6,154.3
591.9
23.1
2,285.7
155.3
..
234.6
260.6
62
Disclosure
index
2010
2011
5
5
6
7
6
4
6
1
6
6
6
3
6
6
6
4
4
6
2
7
6
6
3
2
4
5
4
6
5
6
5
5
6
5
7
3
6
4
6
..
8
0
2
3
6
2
3
8
6
6
5
8
..
7
5
5
5
6
7
6
8
6
1
6
6
6
3
6
6
6
4
4
6
2
7
6
6
3
2
4
5
4
6
5
6
5
5
6
5
7
3
6
4
6
..
8
0
2
3
6
2
3
8
6
6
5
8
..
7
5
Protecting investors
(0 least protection to 10 most protection)
Director liability
Shareholder suits
index
index
2010
2011
2010
2011
3
6
1
8
1
1
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
6
7
1
3
8
4
5
1
7
9
1
1
8
7
..
8
6
5
4
1
5
6
1
4
6
2
3
..
2
7
4
6
1
8
1
6
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
6
7
1
3
8
4
5
1
7
9
1
1
8
7
..
8
6
5
4
1
5
6
1
4
6
2
3
..
2
7
5
6
3
3
4
5
6
6
5
3
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
3
5
6
1
5
10
8
6
6
5
4
3
9
9
6
3
5
3
6
2
5
6
..
8
4
6
8
4
5
7
4
3
4
0
5
..
1
6
5
6
3
3
4
4
6
6
5
3
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
3
5
6
1
5
10
8
6
6
5
4
3
9
9
6
3
5
3
6
2
5
6
..
8
4
6
8
4
5
7
4
4
4
0
5
..
6
6
Investor protection
indexa
2010
2011
4.4
5.7
3.3
6.0
3.7
3.3
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.7
4.3
3.3
2.7
6.0
2.7
4.0
5.0
3.7
3.7
5.7
5.3
3.7
3.7
7.7
6.0
5.3
3.3
5.7
6.3
3.3
3.0
5.7
6.3
..
8.0
3.3
4.3
5.0
3.7
4.0
5.3
4.3
4.4
5.3
2.3
5.3
..
3.3
6.0
4.5
5.7
3.3
6.0
3.7
6.0
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.7
4.3
3.3
2.7
6.0
2.7
4.0
5.0
3.7
3.7
5.7
5.3
3.7
3.7
7.7
6.0
5.3
3.3
5.7
6.3
3.3
3.0
5.7
6.3
..
8.0
3.3
4.3
5.0
3.7
4.0
5.3
4.3
4.8
5.3
2.3
5.3
..
5.0
6.0
Time
(years)
2010
3
6
4
2
4
..
3
..
5
4
..
5
3
2
..
..
3
5
3
2
4
..
5
3
3
2
3
4
8
2
5
2
5
2
3
6
3
..
3
..
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
5
4
..
2
1
2011
3
6
4
2
4
..
3
..
5
4
..
5
3
2
..
..
3
5
3
2
4
..
5
3
3
2
3
4
8
2
5
2
5
2
3
6
3
..
3
..
2
2
2
3
3
2
3
3
3
3
5
4
..
2
1
Resolving insolvency
Cost
(% of estate)
2010
2011
22.9
22.0
22.0
15.0
9.0
..
34.0
..
76.0
60.0
..
29.0
25.0
18.0
..
..
15.0
15.0
15.0
22.0
8.0
..
22.0
8.0
43.0
30.0
25.0
18.0
9.0
15.0
9.0
15.0
18.0
22.0
50.0
22.0
7.0
..
42.0
..
18.0
20.0
15.0
22.0
15.0
30.0
9.0
22.0
14.4
7.0
18.0
22.0
..
18.0
7.0
22.9
22.0
22.0
15.0
9.0
..
34.0
..
76.0
60.0
..
29.0
25.0
18.0
..
..
15.0
15.0
15.0
22.0
8.0
..
22.0
8.0
43.0
30.0
25.0
18.0
9.0
15.0
9.0
15.0
18.0
22.0
50.0
22.0
7.0
..
42.0
..
18.0
20.0
15.0
22.0
15.0
30.0
9.0
22.0
14.4
7.0
18.0
22.0
..
18.0
7.0
Recovery rate
(cents on the dollar)
2010
2011
18.4
8.4
20.2
63.7
26.8
0.0
13.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.1
17.8
32.8
0.0
0.0
31.3
15.2
19.8
23.7
19.4
0.0
29.8
36.4
8.4
14.3
17.9
24.6
10.3
35.1
17.7
41.5
16.0
26.8
3.2
4.0
32.0
0.0
8.4
..
34.4
32.3
37.6
21.9
30.6
39.7
27.2
0.2
33.0
41.7
15.6
17.4
..
38.4
51.7
19.1
6.9
20.2
64.5
27.3
0.0
13.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.2
17.9
37.6
0.0
0.0
31.4
15.2
19.3
26.0
19.3
0.0
30.9
37.4
8.4
13.5
18.5
24.9
10.3
35.1
15.5
41.9
21.9
28.2
3.2
7.4
32.0
0.0
9.2
..
35.2
33.2
38.2
22.0
30.5
40.2
29.3
10.0
33.3
41.7
16.5
17.7
..
38.3
52.2
63
Drivers of growth
Table
4.2
Investment climate
Enterprise Surveys
Viewed by rms as a major constraint (% of rms)
Firms that
Domestic
Private
sector xed Net foreign credit to believe the court
Customs
Crime,
systemis fair,
private
direct
capital
theft, and
Tax
Labor
Labor
Transpor- and trade
impartial, and
sector
formation investment
regulations
rates
Finance Electricity regulations
skills
tation
(% of GDP) ($ millions) (% of GDP) uncorrupt (%) Corruption discord
2010a
2010a
2010a
2010-11b
2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b 2010-11b
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
12.8
3.0
16.1
14.0
..
10.0
12.6
28.1
..
22.7
..
..
10.2
9.2
..
..
5.0
17.4
11.2
17.9
15.7
..
19.9
15.8
28.8
..
16.9
..
16.6
18.8
11.0
16.3
..
..
9.5
..
18.2
..
8.0
..
11.9
13.1
5.3
20.1
11.0
17.7
18.3
0.1
..
..
..
12.2
..
24.9
..
..
-4,567.6
..
264.7
..
0.8
35.3
111.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
288.3
..
37.4
2,527.4
101.4
..
184.2
119.3
452.3
..
..
..
..
301.7
789.8
802.7
..
5,133.3
42.3
24.5
..
161.2
86.6
..
1,385.6
2,063.7
131.8
433.4
..
547.3
633.9
..
8,347.7
2,044.0
36.5
5,210.1
-938.0
660.6
1,334.5
64.1
20.9
23.3
23.3
17.6
18.7
13.2
62.1
8.9
5.1
19.1
6.6
5.5
18.0
7.5
16.0
..
8.1
14.0
15.3
..
6.2
33.8
13.8
19.4
11.7
16.0
18.0
27.9
87.9
26.8
49.9
13.0
29.0
..
38.8
25.9
28.0
10.4
..
145.6
11.6
23.0
16.2
22.8
15.6
11.5
..
36.9
15.6
..
33.1
..
68.7
68.8
23.6
..
6.4
..
..
..
..
8.9
..
..
33.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.6
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
41.4
..
..
72.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
..
1.5
..
..
..
..
25.6
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.4
..
16.9
..
..
..
..
31.9
..
..
39.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.5
..
25.5
..
..
..
..
46.0
..
..
73.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
48.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.7
..
34.8
..
..
..
..
76.1
..
..
51.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.1
..
14.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.9
..
32.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
65.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
25.3
..
20.1
..
..
..
..
33.4
..
..
38.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
21.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.8
..
15.8
..
..
..
..
31.9
..
..
54.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
a. Provisional.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
64
Number of tax
payments
2011
37
31
55
19
46
24
44
41
54
54
20
32
61
62
46
18
19
26
50
33
56
46
41
21
33
23
19
59
37
7
37
37
41
35
18
42
59
21
29
..
9
42
33
48
53
32
37
49
24
29
35
29
..
17
8
Time to prepare,
le, and pay taxes
(hours)
2011
Enterprise Surveys
Regulation and tax administration
Average time to clear customs
Time dealing
(days)
Highest marginal with ofcials
(% of
Total tax rate tax rate, corporate
management time) Direct exports
Imports
(%)
(% of pro t)
2011
2009
2010-11b
2010-11b
2010-11b
318
282
270
152
270
274
654
186
504
732
100
336
606
270
492
216
198
488
376
224
416
208
393
324
158
201
157
270
696
161
230
375
270
938
148
424
666
76
357
..
200
180
104
172
270
213
132
242
270
451
82
433
..
238
144
57
53.2
66.0
19.4
43.6
46.2
49.1
37.8
54.6
65.4
217.9
339.7
65.9
44.3
46.0
84.5
31.1
43.5
283.5
33.6
54.3
45.9
49.6
16.0
43.7
36.6
28.2
51.8
68.3
25.0
34.3
9.8
43.8
32.7
31.3
32.5
46.0
32.2
32.1
..
33.1
36.1
36.8
45.5
49.5
35.7
14.5
35.6
53.4
72.0
38.7
43.6
..
49.6
62.9
..
35.0
..
25.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38.0
..
25.0
..
..
..
..
..
25.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.0
32.0
35.0
..
30.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
34.6
35.0
30.0
30.0
..
45.0
35.0
30.9
..
..
..
20.0
40.0
..
30.0
12.2
..
10.2
..
..
..
..
9.2
..
..
29.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
6.7
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
9.5
..
..
18.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.4
..
3.7
..
..
..
..
11.9
..
..
45.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Interest rate
spread
(lending rate
minus deposit
rate)
2010
Listed
domestic
companies
2010
9.7
9.8
..
5.9
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
8.8
39.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.4
..
..
..
9.8
7.5
..
38.5
21.0
..
9.0
0.5
6.6
4.7
..
11.1
9.6
17.8
..
9.8
12.3
..
3.4
..
5.9
8.0
..
12.5
13.5
..
5.5
6.3
9.4
4.8
3.5
..
..
950
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
..
..
..
..
..
35
..
..
55
..
..
..
14
..
..
86
..
7
..
215
..
..
..
..
..
..
360
..
5
11
..
8
19
76
342
..
..
213
..
73
56
Market
capitalization of Turnover ratio for
listed companies traded stocks
(%)
(% of GDP)
2010a
2010a
148.8
..
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.0
..
..
..
..
..
11.0
..
..
44.9
..
..
..
27.0
..
..
67.0
..
10.6
..
25.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
278.5
..
..
5.5
..
10.4
17.4
153.5
45.9
..
..
37.7
..
76.2
24.2
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
8.6
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
6.4
..
1.8
..
12.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.6
..
..
..
..
0.4
9.2
15.0
32.9
..
..
43.0
..
16.3
17.2
65
Drivers of growth
Table
4.3
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
B+
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
B+
..
..
..
BB..
..
..
..
..
..
..
BBB..
BBB
..
..
B
..
..
BBB+
..
..
..
..
..
B+
..
B
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
B
..
..
..
B
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
F3
..
B
B
..
..
B
..
..
F2
..
..
..
..
..
B
..
..
..
BB
B
BBBBBB-
..
..
B
B
F3
F3
15.5
5.2
13.9
26.4
..
5.2
..
23.6
..
..
..
..
..
14.5
..
..
14.8
..
12.2
17.5
6.5
..
14.2
32.6
53.0
..
12.8
..
..
13.9
7.6
27.5
..
..
15.0
..
19.4
14.6
10.3
..
15.5
12.8
0.4
19.5
12.4
18.2
19.0
..
28.7
54.1
..
16.9
..
30.2
21.2
17.2
21.6
..
27.7
..
-5.4
..
34.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.6
..
9.4
20.6
7.1
..
15.6
12.7
29.0
..
..
..
..
15.6
12.2
34.1
..
..
12.2
..
..
..
13.0
..
16.5
17.5
2.4
20.1
..
19.0
22.5
..
27.7
48.4
..
17.8
..
30.8
20.3
47.1
31.1
36.8
47.2
24.2
23.1
20.1
81.5
15.8
14.2
28.6
13.8
22.2
29.9
11.1
113.3
..
22.3
39.6
25.5
..
23.5
41.0
36.7
33.8
22.3
23.5
25.3
32.7
101.2
35.3
51.4
17.6
38.1
..
34.2
35.2
53.9
23.7
..
80.5
20.3
27.6
28.8
38.5
20.9
20.6
..
75.6
65.9
83.0
79.5
53.7
105.3
58.3
47.0
32.5
37.9
40.3
26.3
24.6
21.1
78.3
17.1
12.7
31.4
14.6
20.5
33.8
12.1
114.9
..
19.5
41.1
26.0
..
25.8
45.5
38.6
39.2
22.4
24.8
26.0
29.7
102.9
38.5
62.4
19.5
36.1
..
34.3
37.5
58.8
25.8
..
75.7
20.6
29.6
30.7
42.4
23.2
20.4
..
75.1
59.2
..
76.3
..
107.8
60.6
..
25.0
..
20.4
..
1.6
..
6.5
..
..
5.7
22.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.0
..
..
..
5.2
7.7
15.6
33.7
17.1
..
26.9
9.5
11.1
6.6
..
23.9
4.3
15.5
..
-7.8
16.1
..
3.8
..
12.5
7.1
..
5.6
10.2
..
..
21.7
9.3
0.7
57.8
..
..
..
0.1
..
-2.8
..
4.4
..
7.5
..
..
6.4
28.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.0
..
..
..
11.9
6.8
7.4
37.9
16.5
..
-2.0
6.9
5.7
8.6
..
7.6
13.8
15.3
..
18.5
6.0
..
1.8
..
3.4
7.1
..
9.7
8.2
..
..
-7.1
..
0.8
..
..
..
a. Data are consolidated for regional security markets where they exist.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
c. Provisional.
66
Capital marketsa
Intermediation
Domestic credit to
private sector
(% of GDP)
2009
2010 c
62.9
21.2
22.5
25.8
17.0
15.9
12.1
62.0
6.6
5.0
16.0
7.3
4.8
17.3
7.0
16.8
..
10.2
13.5
15.7
..
5.6
30.3
12.8
16.0
11.6
14.2
17.5
30.4
82.8
24.8
48.4
12.5
38.6
..
33.4
24.8
22.8
9.5
..
147.7
12.3
25.0
15.3
19.8
13.3
12.0
..
35.1
16.5
29.4
36.1
10.9
64.7
62.2
8.4
8.1
..
6.3
..
..
..
8.1
..
..
8.6
49.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.5
..
..
..
8.8
8.2
10.1
33.5
21.8
..
11.5
0.8
6.2
4.9
..
5.1
..
19.2
..
5.6
13.1
..
3.2
..
6.0
7.1
..
11.2
15.0
..
5.9
6.3
9.7
5.5
3.5
..
..
64.1
20.9
23.3
23.3
17.6
18.7
13.2
62.1
8.9
5.1
19.1
6.6
5.5
18.0
7.5
16.0
..
8.1
14.0
15.3
..
6.2
33.8
13.8
19.4
11.7
16.0
18.0
27.9
87.9
26.8
49.9
13.0
29.0
..
38.8
25.9
28.0
10.4
..
145.6
11.6
23.0
16.2
22.8
15.6
11.5
..
36.9
15.6
..
33.1
..
68.7
68.8
9.7
9.8
..
5.9
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
8.8
39.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.4
..
..
..
9.8
7.5
..
38.5
21.0
..
9.0
0.5
6.6
4.7
..
11.1
9.6
17.8
..
9.8
12.3
..
3.4
..
5.9
8.0
..
12.5
13.5
..
5.5
6.3
9.4
4.8
3.5
..
..
Ratio of bank
nonperforming loans to
total gross loans (%)
2009
2010 c
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
7.2
..
16.2
..
..
7.9
3.7
..
..
..
..
..
3.3
1.8
2.7
..
29.1
13.1
..
18.7
3.8
10.6
..
5.9
..
8.1
..
..
4.2
..
..
13.2
..
..
13.4
..
5.5
13.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.9
..
17.6
..
..
6.3
3.7
..
..
..
..
..
2.8
1.9
2.0
..
17.2
10.8
..
20.2
5.5
15.6
..
5.8
..
8.0
..
..
2.1
..
..
11.0
..
..
11.0
..
4.4
12.1
Listed domestic
companies
2009
2010 c
..
..
..
20
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
..
..
..
..
..
35
..
..
55
..
..
..
15
..
..
89
..
7
..
214
..
..
..
..
..
..
363
..
5
15
..
8
19
76
..
..
..
305
..
78
52
950
..
..
21
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
38
..
..
..
..
..
35
..
..
55
..
..
..
14
..
..
86
..
7
..
215
..
..
..
..
..
..
360
..
5
11
..
8
19
76
342
..
..
213
..
73
56
Market capitalization
of listed companies
(% of GDP)
2009
2010 c
..
..
..
37.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.7
..
..
..
..
..
9.7
..
..
35.2
..
..
..
29.3
..
..
53.7
..
9.5
..
19.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
249.0
..
..
..
..
23.7
21.9
65.6
..
..
..
47.6
..
69.2
21.0
..
..
..
2.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
4.6
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
8.1
..
3.0
..
11.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.3
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
..
..
..
60.1
..
45.7
16.2
148.8
..
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.0
..
..
..
..
..
11.0
..
..
44.9
..
..
..
27.0
..
..
67.0
..
10.6
..
25.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
278.5
..
..
5.5
..
10.4
17.4
153.5
45.9
..
..
37.7
..
76.2
24.2
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
3.4
..
..
8.6
..
..
..
1.5
..
..
6.4
..
1.8
..
12.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.6
..
..
..
..
0.4
9.2
15.0
32.9
..
..
43.0
..
16.3
17.2
67
Drivers of growth
Table
5.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
68
65.2
105.3
42.3
73.0
..
42.7
61.0
105.7
..
100.0
..
64.9
139.8
76.7
..
..
44.0
97.3
60.8
70.6
74.1
..
65.4
157.7
134.5
..
77.8
..
135.6
116.3
71.3
83.9
..
69.1
41.5
..
67.8
..
46.6
..
54.9
38.7
123.0
63.8
91.1
57.7
79.1
126.3
59.2
52.3
..
47.5
..
75.9
102.8
58.4
90.9
51.8
69.4
37.8
30.1
39.4
47.4
24.2
70.8
38.4
74.8
92.4
79.2
111.7
33.2
36.4
93.6
27.7
57.8
49.6
41.3
53.6
138.6
94.2
42.9
58.7
55.2
106.7
68.4
83.6
84.5
56.9
64.1
30.7
61.3
54.0
109.1
58.0
..
48.4
32.1
87.9
50.3
74.0
35.8
77.3
84.3
52.0
60.1
..
36.3
..
58.2
87.4
12.8
23.8
..
8.5
..
12.2
12.9
49.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.1
..
15.2
13.9
9.7
..
17.7
25.9
125.2
..
..
..
..
48.2
19.6
14.0
..
12.9
15.4
23.0
..
107.3
10.7
..
8.9
3.8
25.1
17.2
..
18.9
7.7
..
16.1
9.6
..
17.6
..
22.0
20.7
374,652
51,400
937
4,917
..
124
6,502
640
..
3,331
..
3,412
10,221
9,316
..
..
3,392
8,094
230
9,461
1,649
..
8,861
955
247
..
1,547
..
2,241
5,098
2,421
4,738
..
74,610
610
..
3,186
..
327
..
99,399
13,242
2,027
5,975
1,185
4,087
7,142
3,608
197,350
49,939
..
46,732
..
29,965
21,569
378,688
35,421
1,839
5,956
..
740
7,200
1,113
..
5,213
..
5,096
6,568
8,270
..
..
9,653
4,754
409
13,265
1,859
..
12,192
2,482
1,081
..
2,387
..
2,661
6,202
4,144
4,603
..
61,486
1,721
..
5,530
..
564
..
100,119
12,665
2,522
8,653
1,709
5,833
5,672
5,831
178,504
34,820
..
57,200
..
38,969
23,921
31.2
62.3
14.3
33.0
..
6.1
28.9
38.6
..
39.0
..
26.0
85.1
40.6
..
..
11.4
61.3
21.9
29.4
34.8
..
27.5
43.8
25.0
..
30.6
..
62.0
52.5
26.3
42.6
..
37.9
10.9
..
24.8
..
17.1
..
27.3
19.8
54.8
26.1
37.3
23.8
44.1
48.3
28.4
30.8
..
21.4
..
33.0
48.8
34.0
43.0
28.1
40.0
..
36.5
32.0
67.1
..
61.0
..
38.9
54.7
36.1
..
..
32.5
36.0
38.9
41.2
39.3
..
37.9
113.9
109.5
..
47.2
..
73.6
63.8
45.0
41.3
..
31.2
30.6
..
43.0
..
29.5
..
27.5
18.9
68.2
37.8
53.8
33.9
35.0
78.0
30.7
21.5
..
26.1
..
42.9
54.1
32.3
73.9
14.1
44.3
9.7
6.5
23.5
36.2
14.6
39.2
15.2
25.1
79.8
46.1
89.1
8.0
12.7
61.1
27.3
35.1
30.7
30.1
25.6
50.3
34.1
27.5
26.3
28.5
38.9
57.8
28.7
44.3
16.2
42.0
10.5
..
26.5
91.8
19.7
..
29.5
16.9
77.7
20.8
37.5
16.0
34.6
36.3
34.4
40.0
40.7
24.7
56.9
31.6
45.1
34.0
54.8
27.4
36.9
23.9
29.0
24.2
69.0
21.5
56.7
37.0
33.8
54.9
37.4
55.8
52.2
30.0
32.9
38.6
52.3
33.8
55.3
35.1
117.0
80.7
42.6
43.2
39.6
60.5
62.7
44.1
48.4
25.0
31.1
26.7
..
42.2
102.7
33.5
..
29.2
21.7
84.9
29.9
53.6
27.6
37.6
48.0
30.7
23.3
53.6
28.8
27.8
38.1
48.1
Annual growth
Terms of
(%)
trade index
Exports
Imports (2000 = 100)
2010a
2010a
2010a
..
-2.71
..
16.2
..
57.8
-0.1
24.5
..
..
..
52.9
..
-0.5
..
..
14.4
3.5
0.2
24.6
1.5
..
16.5
2.4
5.8
..
..
..
12.2
10.0
2.2
-42.4
..
..
..
..
5.6
..
..
..
4.6
..
-4.6
-4.3
-0.7
5.6
..
60.0
..
..
..
-3.0
..
16.3
4.8
..
-20.89
..
9.7
..
59.2
8.2
9.7
..
..
..
36.3
..
7.6
..
..
15.9
3.3
7.7
21.0
0.1
..
3.8
8.9
15.9
..
..
..
21.8
7.1
1.7
-60.1
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
9.6
..
-2.6
-3.1
-5.7
7.8
..
33.6
-0.7
..
..
-3.2
..
3.3
3.8
..
..
..
87.3
..
..
121.5
159.1
..
..
..
129.3
..
94.8
..
..
112.2
156.1
86.9
..
96.5
..
116.1
96.5
30.4
..
..
..
262.5
74.6
50.0
126.7
..
..
..
..
91.6
..
..
..
135.6
..
99.4
126.2
68.2
71.2
..
109.3
..
..
..
93.0
..
95.6
96.1
Food
2009
13.7
..
..
5.2
26.8
67.5
..
72.6
..
..
..
..
..
48.2
..
..
77.5
..
53.0
..
..
..
44.0
..
..
28.8
86.6
..
..
32.4
23.3
..
..
4.5
42.3
92.4
29.5
..
..
..
10.2
5.6
..
35.5
..
..
7.5
19.4
6.3
0.3
0.4
..
..
22.1
9.2
3.0
..
..
0.2
60.5
4.8
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
11.9
..
1.0
..
..
..
13.2
..
..
5.2
3.8
..
..
0.9
3.1
..
..
1.1
1.7
0.7
1.1
..
..
..
1.9
1.4
..
9.8
..
..
1.4
23.1
0.4
0.0
0.0
..
..
1.6
0.5
36.9
..
..
0.3
0.0
1.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30.0
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
4.2
..
..
4.9
0.1
..
..
0.0
17.5
..
..
90.4
0.1
0.0
24.0
..
..
..
11.1
92.1
..
1.0
..
..
0.9
0.9
63.5
97.7
6.5
..
..
2.0
13.6
17.7
..
..
14.5
1.7
5.2
3.0
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
1.1
..
9.7
11.3
..
..
2.0
..
..
9.5
11.1
0.7
30.4
0.4
54.5
..
59.6
1.1
36.9
0.0
3.8
..
..
..
32.7
..
..
33.7
5.6
1.9
86.0
34.9
3.3
0.3
..
6.3
..
11.7
1.6
30.8
..
..
79.5
9.1
5.9
7.5
17.5
..
..
..
..
..
16.2
..
..
8.9
..
10.4
20.7
..
..
34.7
..
..
48.2
9.0
20.2
0.0
60.2
2.0
..
14.1
6.7
7.6
4.7
40.1
..
..
..
46.6
..
..
24.1
74.2
22.9
6.3
36.4
29.5
1.8
..
43.4
..
66.3
76.0
Food
2010
10.5
..
..
12.4
15.1
13.7
17.7
27.8
..
..
..
..
..
19.2
..
..
11.0
..
36.1
15.3
..
..
12.1
..
..
13.6
13.6
11.6
19.4
21.1
11.6
..
15.1
10.3
..
29.8
22.4
..
..
..
5.8
..
..
10.0
15.7
12.4
4.7
18.8
14.5
16.3
..
19.1
..
11.5
9.4
1.0
..
..
0.8
0.7
1.4
1.6
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
0.5
..
0.9
1.1
..
..
1.6
..
..
1.0
1.1
0.5
0.5
2.2
1.0
..
2.1
0.8
..
0.8
1.5
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
0.9
1.4
1.1
0.6
2.6
2.4
1.6
..
3.2
..
2.2
2.1
16.7
..
..
14.7
22.0
2.1
27.5
11.9
..
..
..
..
..
23.7
..
..
18.6
..
20.4
1.0
..
..
22.1
..
..
15.2
10.0
26.0
26.4
19.3
19.9
..
12.5
1.4
..
16.1
29.9
..
..
..
19.8
..
..
27.6
13.9
20.0
11.6
11.2
13.5
2.1
..
13.4
..
23.1
12.6
2.0
..
..
2.0
0.9
0.7
0.8
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
1.2
..
..
1.2
..
0.9
1.2
..
..
1.5
..
..
0.4
1.0
0.6
0.2
1.1
0.5
..
0.9
1.1
..
1.1
1.7
..
..
..
1.6
..
..
1.1
1.9
1.3
21.0
13.8
3.2
1.5
..
4.1
..
3.3
3.6
66.5
..
..
68.5
61.0
81.6
52.4
57.8
..
..
..
..
..
54.6
..
..
68.7
..
40.9
81.1
..
..
62.8
..
..
69.5
74.1
61.2
52.9
56.4
49.6
..
69.4
86.5
..
52.0
44.4
..
..
..
65.4
..
..
60.4
67.2
65.1
61.6
52.2
66.0
78.4
..
60.1
..
58.8
72.3
(continued)
69
Drivers of growth
Table
5.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Import indexes
(0 low to 1 high)
Diversification
2010
Concentration
2010
Diversification
2010
Concentration
2010
0.39
0.97
0.37
0.60
0.50
0.54
0.36
0.48
0.14
0.33
0.51
0.37
0.76
0.35
0.82
0.12
0.35
0.74
0.32
0.46
0.44
0.89
0.19
0.44
0.43
0.18
0.52
0.63
0.48
0.25
0.51
0.22
0.38
0.77
0.40
0.44
0.27
0.46
0.27
0.41
0.15
0.75
0.24
0.19
0.21
0.19
0.69
0.20
0.58
0.83
0.75
0.86
0.82
0.75
0.72
0.73
0.36
0.76
0.75
0.81
0.79
0.70
0.74
0.65
0.80
0.84
0.69
0.82
0.81
0.75
0.64
0.88
0.69
0.69
0.80
0.87
0.81
0.71
0.84
0.76
0.80
0.80
0.82
0.63
0.75
0.82
0.71
0.75
0.58
0.81
0.73
0.75
0.69
0.74
0.86
0.76
0.09
0.07
0.17
0.14
0.17
0.10
0.21
0.11
0.07
0.15
0.11
0.07
0.06
0.25
0.28
0.11
0.16
0.08
0.15
0.12
0.17
0.16
0.13
0.28
0.63
0.11
0.11
0.21
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.26
0.10
0.07
0.08
0.15
0.18
0.24
0.36
0.28
0.22
0.08
0.09
0.18
0.24
0.15
0.14
0.10
0.29
0.50
0.62
0.46
0.54
0.51
0.49
0.47
0.22
0.52
0.53
0.49
0.47
0.48
0.56
0.53
0.50
0.46
0.58
0.39
0.51
0.57
0.38
0.79
0.81
0.49
0.51
0.54
0.57
0.39
0.50
0.58
0.56
0.42
0.49
0.49
0.45
0.57
0.63
0.67
0.31
0.45
0.47
0.48
0.61
0.45
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.30
0.13
0.79
0.16
0.16
0.79
0.62
0.59
0.81
0.66
0.54
0.09
0.09
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.49
0.50
0.39
0.44
0.33
0.39
Competitiveness
Indicator (%)
Sectoral Global
Binding
effect
effect
coverage
200509 200509
2010
24.1
5.8
-16.8
-8.2
8.0
9.4
-5.1
-1.2
20.7
-23.3
3.2
24.2
2.9
21.9
-6.1
8.1
22.3
-2.6
6.2
17.3
8.8
0.4
-7.0
-19.3
-8.2
-3.9
-13.7
23.9
-5.0
-5.8
-4.4
4.3
23.5
20.2
1.7
5.9
2.9
-6.9
-4.3
9.3
19.1
-4.3
1.5
12.4
-0.7
12.4
2.4
63.8
-14.6
-13.9
-6.7
-1.3
-10.8
17.7
-10.9
7.4
3.0
31.1
11.8
-7.9
28.5
19.4
12.4
-17.2
-5.2
-2.0
-16.2
-20.9
-1.8
-9.7
-36.2
-9.0
-1.1
-12.1
10.4
-8.0
7.2
-9.0
-30.6
-1.5
-49.5
-26.7
-7.5
-19.7
1.0
-0.7
-5.8
23.8
-10.7
2.5
19.9
10.8
2.1
-16.2
21.6
-3.9
8.0
21.7
2.4
0.4
14.3
11.2
0.4
2.9
..
..
39.5
96.1
39.4
22.3
..
100.0
..
..
..
..
..
33.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
97.6
15.2
100.0
..
..
..
40.5
..
..
..
96.1
96.6
19.5
100.0
..
100.0
..
..
..
96.1
..
96.1
13.8
14.3
16.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Simple
mean
bound
rate
2010
..
..
28.7
19.0
42.5
67.8
..
15.8
..
..
..
..
..
11.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
48.6
95.3
78.9
..
..
..
28.9
..
..
..
19.4
44.9
119.4
89.3
..
30.0
..
..
..
19.4
..
19.4
120.0
80.0
73.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.3
8.8
12.4
9.8
..
14.7
..
..
..
..
..
13.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.3
12.1
9.5
..
..
..
12.8
..
..
..
6.3
13.0
10.9
9.9
..
13.4
..
..
..
7.6
..
10.9
12.9
12.8
12.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.4
5.2
8.8
5.5
..
11.6
..
..
..
..
..
7.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.9
9.2
10.5
..
..
..
8.4
..
..
..
1.8
9.1
10.6
6.0
..
8.9
..
..
..
4.4
..
10.2
8.2
14.2
8.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
50.2
20.2
44.5
29.8
..
44.3
..
..
..
..
..
47.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
51.8
36.6
21.6
..
..
..
47.9
..
..
..
16.7
48.9
34.9
31.4
..
50.5
..
..
..
17.9
..
26.2
39.9
47.3
37.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
8.5
0.0
1.1
..
11.9
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.8
5.7
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
7.1
0.0
0.0
1.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
7.5
..
12.0
1.0
0.0
1.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
a. Provisional.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
70
Tariff barriers,
primary products (%)
Tariff barriers,
manufactured products (%)
Simple
mean tariff
2010
Weighted
mean tariff
2010
Simple
mean tariff
2010
Weighted
mean tariff
2010
..
..
15.5
6.1
11.4
15.4
..
16.2
..
..
..
..
..
15.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.6
16.0
9.2
..
..
..
12.8
..
..
..
4.1
14.0
11.8
11.5
..
14.1
..
..
..
5.4
..
9.7
17.5
14.4
15.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.4
0.5
8.1
9.4
..
12.2
..
..
..
..
..
5.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10.0
12.6
1.6
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
..
2.1
10.7
9.1
6.4
..
7.7
..
..
..
1.9
..
1.3
8.7
12.4
8.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.9
9.0
12.5
9.1
..
14.3
..
..
..
..
..
12.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.9
11.7
9.5
..
..
..
12.8
..
..
..
6.7
12.8
10.7
9.7
..
13.2
..
..
..
7.8
..
11.1
12.4
12.6
11.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.8
8.2
11.8
11.6
..
10.1
..
..
12.3
..
..
11.8
..
..
17.4
..
..
..
11.8
11.8
11.6
8.2
..
11.3
12.1
11.8
..
1.2
9.6
8.2
11.8
11.5
11.6
..
11.8
..
..
..
8.2
18.1
8.2
11.6
11.8
11.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,960
1,850
1,049
3,185
2,412
2,965
1,379
1,200
5,491
5,902
1,207
3,055
3,818
1,969
1,411
1,431
1,760
1,945
831
1,013
855
1,448
2,055
1,680
1,220
1,197
1,675
2,202
1,520
737
1,100
1,800
3,545
1,263
3,275
690
1,098
876
1,573
..
1,531
2,050
1,855
1,255
940
2,880
2,678
3,280
809
1,248
836
613
..
577
773
2,502
2,690
1,496
3,420
4,030
4,855
2,167
1,000
5,554
8,525
1,191
3,285
7,709
2,577
1,411
1,581
2,660
1,955
885
1,315
1,391
2,006
2,190
1,665
1,200
1,555
2,570
3,067
1,523
689
1,545
1,905
3,545
1,440
4,990
577
1,740
876
1,639
..
1,795
2,900
2,030
1,430
1,109
3,015
3,315
5,101
958
1,318
911
755
..
950
858
6.7
..
6.2
..
..
..
..
9.5
..
..
18.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.4
..
3.7
..
..
..
..
11.9
..
..
45.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71
Drivers of growth
Table
5.2
Product
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Petroleum oils and oils obtained from bituminous minerals, crude
Benin
Petroleum oils & oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than
crude) & preparation
Botswana
Diamonds non-industrial unworked or simply sawn, cleaved or bruted
Burkina Faso
Cotton, not carded or combed
Second
97.3
35.3
43.7
37.4
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
70.2
42.1
20.2
31.0
80.6
Comoros
Congo
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
38.8
85.1
24.7
32.3
78.0
11.2
42.1
75.8
20.3
46.4
31.7
92.9
18.6
37.0
19.4
9.5
53.0
35.7
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
49.3
11.3
48.0
26.8
80.6
85.9
30.4
36.3
26.4
49.6
26.9
31.3
7.6
90.3
16.5
14.5
26.7
32.9
48.0
20.5
45.0
49.7
18.3
82.1
7.6
Tunisia
11.7
Africaa
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Share
of total
exports
(%)
Share
of total
exports
(%)
Product
46.6
[46.6]
Gold (incl. gold plated with platinum), in unwrought forms (excl. powder)
15.5
Nickel mattes
Gold (incl. gold plated with platinum), non-monetary,
in semi-manufactured forms
Black tea (fermented) and other partly fermented tea
Cocoa beans, whole or broken, raw or roasted
Fish, whole or in pieces, but not minced :-- Other
Diamonds unsorted whether or not worked
Petroleum oils & oils obtained from bituminous minerals (other than crude)
& preparations
21.9
15.8
13.1
15.8
19.6
22.3
8.6
Vessels for the transport of goods & for the transport of both persons & goods
20.3
17.8
12.5
14.7
9.2
22.5
12.3
14.9
7.2
21.0
0.0
13.1
15.0
15.4
6.6
6.9
29.1
8.3
14.8
29.5
6.9
15.2
8.7
12.8
9.9
26.7
15.3
20.0
12.3
9.5
6.9
6.5
13.6
11.0
7.5
16.1
7.6
6.9
24.8
17.4
10.5
6.8
3.2
[10.2]
Note: Includes only products that account for more than 4percent of total exports.
a. Values in brackets are Africas share of total world exports for product.
72
Third
Share of total
exports
(%)
Number
of exports
accounting for
75 percent of
total exports
9.3
1
6
8.9
10.8
4
5
7.2
12.0
15.7
2
6
6
4
1
15.6
11.9
8.8
8.6
10.7
11.2
5.7
20.7
0.0
6.1
7.5
15.0
4.6
6.8
7.8
7.0
6.4
5.0
13.4
13.8
9.7
9.8
6.9
11.8
13.1
10.7
6.4
10.1
9.3
Product
4
1
6
10
1
19
3
1
9
9
4
1
48
6
6
32
5
4
4
43
8
6
1
1
4
8
18
5
11
4
92
1
20
24
8
13
3
17
7.1
8.7
8.5
5.5
4.5
4
4
76
1
69
4.7
94
3.1
[16.3]
34
73
Drivers of growth
Table
5.3
1994
1976
1999
CU
NNA
1990
1995
119.6
96.1
201.0
247.4
305.0
354.7
300.5
383.0
7.0
8.0
10.2
20.2
24.4
29.1
72.6
63.6
80.7
2,917.3
4,021.0
6,674.7
6,140.4
8,157.8
1,061.5 1,385.2
1,797.0
1,572.2 1,996.7
1994
1994
FTA
1996
2000
CU
334.5
628.4
689.4
1,075.3
1983
2004b
NNA
159.7
157.1
181.6
254.6
1975
1993
PTA
1,532.3
1984
2005b
NNA
62.6
1992
2000
FTA
1,655.3
1994
2000
CU
620.8
1994
1976
1994
2010
138.7
Year of
entry into
force
of most
Type of
recent
most recent
Year
established agreement agreementa
2009
1,146.0 1,366.9
1990
1,442.6 2,694.4
449.2
378.3
482.5
7,319.6
8,910.7
182.4
184.1
113.0
106.0
3,615.4 4,426.5
162.1
312.8
181.7
385.4
214.0
217.7
559.7
760.4
1,412.1
1,531.7
1,779.4
2,339.1
1995
1,937.6 2,250.3
2009
2010
CU
2.3
2.1
1.0
0.9
0.9
1.1
0.8
1.2
1.2
NNA
0.5
0.5
0.8
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.9
2.2
1.5
1994
FTA
4.7
6.1
4.6
4.6
3.9
4.5
5.4
7.1
7.7
1996
2000
CU
17.7
19.5
22.6
18.0
16.3
17.8
19.2
18.9
20.3
1983
2004b
NNA
1.4
1.5
1.0
0.6
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.6
1999
1975
1993
PTA
8.0
9.0
7.7
9.4
7.9
7.9
8.7
9.9
8.8
1984
2005b
NNA
3.9
5.9
4.4
4.9
5.0
5.8
5.7
5.8
5.3
1992
2000
FTA
6.6
10.2
9.5
9.3
9.1
10.2
10.3
11.3
9.8
1994
2000
CU
13.0
10.3
13.5
13.7
13.3
15.4
16.4
13.2
14.6
74
Year of
entry into
force
Type of
of most
most recent
recent
Year
established agreement agreementa
1994
1976
1999
1990
1995
2000
2008
2009
2010
CU
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
NNA
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1994
1994
FTA
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.8
0.7
0.7
1996
2000
CU
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
1983
2004b
NNA
0.6
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.6
1975
1993
PTA
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.7
1984
2005b
NNA
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1992
2000
FTA
1.4
1.1
1.1
0.8
0.8
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
1994
2000
CU
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
Note: Regional Bloc membership is as follows: Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (CEMAC: formerly Central African Customs and Economic Union [UDEAC]),
Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon; Economic Community of the Great Lakes Countries (CEPGL), Burundi, the
Democratic Republic of Congo, and Rwanda; Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), Burundi, Comoros, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, the Arab
Republic of Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Libyan Arab Republic, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan, Swaziland, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; East African
Community (EAC), Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda; Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS), Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, the Central African Republic,
Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, the Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and So Tom and Prncipe; Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS),
Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Cte dIvoire, the Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo; Indian Ocean Commission,
Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, Runion, and Seychelles; Southern African Development Community (SADC), Angola, Botswana, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Lesotho,
Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe; West African Economic and Monetary Union (WAEMU or
UEMOA), Benin, Burkina Faso, Cte dIvoire, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal, and Togo.
a. CU is customs union; EIA is economic integration agreement; FTA is free trade agreement; NNA is not notied agreement, which refers to preferential trade agreements established among
member countries that are not notied to the World Trade Organization (these agreements may be functionally equivalent to any of the other agreements); and PTA is preferential trade
agreement.
b. From the ofcial website of the trade bloc.
75
Drivers of growth
Table
6.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
4,708
7,976
1,197
1,211
782
1,231
14,237
610
32,653
1,371
1,677
14,018
56,324
3,971
38,173
549
1,503
110,997
1,784
1,272
23,153
10,781
525
2,433
52,139
16,746
1,118
4,024
118
2,158
4,388
2,747
234
1,431
921
13,414
2,131
..
27,878
658
908
706
2,530
1,930
1,949
1,205
6,303
983
288
322
344
23
96
917
402
61
51
75
96
79
72
77
88
67
51
95
45
71
80
..
..
44
87
89
86
74
64
59
78
73
46
83
64
50
99
47
93
49
58
65
89
72
..
55
29
91
58
71
53
61
72
61
80
92
83
88
99
..
83
..
83
60
84
99
95
83
95
90
92
70
91
79
95
91
..
..
97
95
92
91
90
91
82
91
88
74
95
87
52
100
77
99
100
74
76
89
93
100
87
66
99
67
91
79
89
95
87
98
95
85
99
100
..
98
99
49
38
68
92
73
71
52
85
51
44
97
27
32
68
..
..
34
41
85
80
65
53
52
73
60
34
80
51
48
99
29
90
39
43
63
88
56
..
35
7
79
52
65
44
40
68
46
69
88
79
54
99
..
61
..
31
58
13
62
17
46
49
61
34
13
36
24
18
24
..
..
21
33
68
14
18
20
32
26
18
15
51
22
26
89
18
32
9
31
55
26
52
..
13
23
79
26
57
10
13
34
48
40
90
95
50
95
97
70
..
42
85
25
75
50
49
58
73
43
30
50
24
20
36
..
..
29
33
70
19
32
44
32
32
29
21
49
35
51
91
38
57
34
35
52
30
70
98
23
52
86
44
64
20
26
34
57
52
94
98
63
97
97
83
96
23
19
5
41
6
46
36
43
28
6
30
24
15
11
..
4
19
30
65
8
11
9
32
24
7
12
51
14
9
88
5
17
4
27
56
19
39
..
6
6
67
14
55
7
3
34
43
32
84
88
10
93
96
52
..
Committed
nominal
investment in
water projects
with private
participation
($ millions)
2000-10a
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
3.4
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
120.7
..
8.5
..
0.0
0.0
..
468.0
..
..
..
..
..
ODA gross
disbursements for
water supply and
sanitation sector
($ millions)
2009
2010
1,786.4
15.1
54.1
0.0
58.9
19.5
6.5
20.4
9.4
28.6
1.4
65.2
0.4
30.7
0.0
7.4
114.4
2.1
5.0
56.2
11.3
2.6
94.7
23.1
8.1
12.3
16.1
69.2
82.7
1.1
94.8
12.0
42.2
102.4
19.5
1.0
58.3
0.6
9.7
5.2
60.9
55.2
0.3
190.3
5.3
105.9
50.8
7.6
370.6
10.9
6.8
129.0
0.0
122.3
94.3
1,892.8
8.7
69.1
0.8
64.9
31.5
17.7
11.8
5.4
34.5
0.8
98.6
2.0
36.2
..
7.3
116.8
8.7
3.2
89.6
10.0
1.0
143.0
36.5
7.3
9.8
22.2
49.0
78.7
0.5
94.1
13.5
38.5
109.6
35.5
3.1
48.7
0.6
10.4
3.0
48.7
62.1
0.6
211.9
4.6
61.1
38.8
15.9
358.9
11.0
8.1
72.3
..
145.2
116.6
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
76
INFRASTRUCTURE
Drivers of growth
Table
6.2
Transportation
Access, supply side
Road network
(km)
200009a
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
51,429
19,000
25,798
92,495
12,322
28,857
1,350
24,307
40,000
880
153,497
17,000
81,996
2,880
4,010
44,359
9,170
3,742
109,515
44,348
3,455
61,945
5,940
10,600
49,827
15,451
22,474
11,066
2,066
30,331
42,100
18,948
193,200
14,008
320
14,825
508
11,300
22,100
362,099
11,900
3,594
103,706
11,652
70,746
66,781
97,267
112,039
3,065
100,472
83,200
58,216
19,371
Rail lines
(km)
2010
..
..
..
888
622
..
977
..
..
..
..
3,641
..
639
..
..
..
810
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
728
..
3,116
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22,051
4,508
300
..
..
..
..
..
11,935
3,512
..
5,195
..
2,109
1,119
Road density
Ratio to total land
(road km/100 sqkm
of land area)
200009a
Commercial
vehicles
200009a
Passenger
vehicles
200009a
4.0
17.0
4.0
34.0
44.0
11.0
33.0
4.0
3.0
39.0
7.0
5.0
25.0
10.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
33.0
24.0
18.0
12.0
11.0
20.0
10.0
8.0
13.0
2.0
1.0
99.0
4.0
0.0
1.0
21.0
53.0
33.0
8.0
110.0
..
3.0
30.0
1.0
21.0
9.0
21.0
29.0
12.0
25.0
38.0
22.0
133.0
11.0
6.0
14.0
101.0
0.3
6.0
33.0
5.0
27.0
20.0
..
11.0
3.0
..
8.0
30.0
..
33.0
23.0
..
3.0
26.0
8.0
14.0
..
166.0
12.0
103.0
8.0
31.0
5.0
2.0
22.0
173.0
6.0
..
162.0
27.0
89.0
7.0
2.0
8.0
21.0
114.0
8.0
18.0
69.0
7.0
2.0
10.0
73.0
0.3
2.0
31.0
..
16.0
16.0
..
6.0
1.0
..
5.0
18.0
..
27.0
13.0
..
2.0
7.0
4.0
8.0
..
129.0
9.0
46.0
6.0
31.0
2.0
2.0
16.0
103.0
5.0
..
110.0
19.0
45.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
13.0
98.0
5.0
14.0
10.0
5.0
13.0
12.0
112.0
..
45.0
290.0
70.0
114.0
74.0
..
33.0
225.0
53.0
76.0
(continued)
INFRASTRUCTURE
77
Drivers of growth
Table
6.2
Transportation (continued)
Quality
Ratio of paved to
total roads (%)
200009a
SUBSAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
10.4
9.5
32.6
4.2
10.4
17.0
69.0
..
0.8
76.5
1.8
7.1
7.9
..
21.8
13.7
12.0
19.3
12.6
9.8
27.9
14.3
18.3
6.2
11.6
45.0
24.6
26.9
98.0
20.8
14.7
20.7
15.0
19.0
68.1
32.0
96.5
8.0
11.8
17.3
36.3
30.0
6.7
21.0
23.0
22.0
19.0
74.0
45.0
89.4
57.2
70.3
75.2
Pricing
Price of
diesel fuel
($ per liter)
2010
1.15
0.43
1.21
0.97
1.28
1.42
1.10
1.33
1.69
1.31
..
1.27
0.84
1.30
..
1.07
0.78
..
..
0.83
0.95
..
1.27
1.07
0.96
1.26
1.54
1.25
0.99
1.23
0.86
1.09
1.16
0.77
1.62
..
1.34
..
0.94
..
1.14
0.43
1.10
1.19
1.17
1.11
1.52
1.15
0.57
0.19
1.07
0.32
0.13
0.88
0.82
Financing
Price of
gasoline
($ per liter)
2010
1.22
0.65
1.04
0.93
1.44
1.43
1.20
1.84
1.71
1.32
..
1.28
1.27
1.68
..
2.54
0.91
..
..
0.82
0.95
..
1.33
0.97
0.98
1.52
1.71
1.42
1.16
1.55
1.11
1.06
1.07
0.44
1.63
..
1.57
..
0.94
..
1.19
0.62
1.07
1.22
1.18
1.42
1.66
1.29
0.71
0.32
1.63
0.48
0.17
1.23
0.94
Committed nominal
investment in transport
projects with private
participation ($ millions)
2000-09a
53.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.5
..
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
3.9
..
0.0
159.0
..
404.0
..
120.0
17.5
..
55.4
..
..
0.0
..
..
382.0
..
..
264.0
..
130.0
..
3483.0
30.0
..
134.0
..
404.0
15.6
..
108.0
396.0
640.0
..
200.0
840.0
2,254.6
8.3
92.1
12.9
60.6
46.0
92.0
56.0
17.8
45.3
2.2
136.6
21.2
17.6
..
2.9
229.6
10.3
9.7
105.9
28.6
15.1
127.3
9.2
30.8
40.3
22.3
28.1
27.6
..
103.0
52.9
39.2
57.7
34.7
1.6
89.7
..
34.1
1.7
0.1
79.6
0.4
145.5
0.2
103.1
35.0
0.0
600.8
76.0
15.9
111.3
..
304.3
88.4
2,714.0
25.0
116.6
6.3
59.8
55.7
94.7
73.7
27.0
5.0
1.8
146.1
9.2
26.8
..
3.2
226.8
25.5
19.4
136.4
50.0
1.3
118.7
16.7
68.4
55.0
24.9
65.8
21.0
6.5
109.6
42.6
53.1
63.9
20.9
1.8
111.8
0.0
43.1
7.9
7.4
85.9
0.8
271.1
1.5
153.0
32.9
3.9
853.6
22.4
6.7
198.6
..
487.6
130.6
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
78
INFRASTRUCTURE
Drivers of growth
Table
6.3
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Total
2010
Mainline
telephone
2010
Mobile
telephone
2010
46.4
48.3
81.5
124.6
35.5
14.1
46.8
89.5
22.4
24.3
25.4
18.0
94.2
77.6
59.0
4.6
9.4
109.0
88.3
72.6
40.3
39.5
62.6
47.3
39.5
37.9
21.5
49.2
81.4
123.2
31.3
73.9
25.1
55.8
33.8
66.8
69.9
160.5
34.3
8.0
109.2
41.4
73.6
47.2
44.2
39.4
42.8
64.3
106.1
100.7
20.7
99.0
190.9
111.8
117.6
1.4
1.6
1.5
6.9
0.9
0.4
2.8
14.5
0.1
0.5
2.9
0.1
0.2
1.4
1.9
1.0
1.1
2.0
2.8
1.1
0.2
0.3
0.9
1.8
0.2
0.7
1.1
0.8
2.1
29.8
0.4
6.7
0.5
0.7
0.4
4.6
2.8
25.5
0.2
1.1
8.4
0.9
3.7
0.4
3.5
1.0
0.7
3.0
11.3
8.2
2.1
11.9
19.3
11.7
12.3
45.0
46.7
79.9
117.8
34.7
13.7
44.1
75.0
22.3
23.8
22.5
17.9
94.0
76.1
57.0
3.5
8.3
106.9
85.5
71.5
40.1
39.2
61.6
45.5
39.3
37.2
20.4
48.4
79.3
91.7
30.9
67.2
24.5
55.1
33.4
62.0
67.1
135.9
34.1
7.0
100.5
40.5
61.8
46.8
40.7
38.4
41.6
61.3
94.8
92.4
18.6
87.1
171.5
100.1
106.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
0.4
..
..
22.9
..
..
..
..
49.5
2.1
..
..
0.2
..
..
0.4
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.8
..
..
..
0.0
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
0.9
1.5
..
..
..
16.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.2
..
..
1.0
2.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
0.3
..
14.5
..
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.1
9.3
89.4
17.1
19.5
..
19.2
8.2
..
13.3
..
20.1
25.5
5.8
..
..
..
8.6
..
..
..
..
..
53.7
..
29.9
45.9
13.8
..
38.6
..
..
13.9
..
..
..
..
..
21.4
..
..
..
..
..
51.0
..
..
..
24.8
..
43.9
..
39.4
24.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
Internet
users
(per 100
people)
2010
11.3
10.0
3.1
6.0
1.4
2.1
4.0
30.0
2.3
1.7
5.1
0.7
5.0
2.6
6.0
5.4
0.8
7.2
9.2
9.6
1.0
2.5
25.9
3.9
7.0
1.7
2.3
2.7
3.0
28.7
4.2
6.5
0.8
28.4
13.0
18.8
16.0
41.0
..
..
12.3
..
9.0
11.0
5.4
12.5
10.1
11.5
28.0
12.5
6.5
26.7
14.0
49.0
36.6
Quality
Telephone faults
Cleared by next
Total
working day
(per 100
(%)
mainlines)
2010
2010
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
10.2
..
61.0
5.9
..
..
1.1
..
..
3.7
..
..
12.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
36.0
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
29.0
..
..
35.0
..
..
..
..
93.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.3
64.3
..
..
72.0
..
..
72.6
..
..
83.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
98.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
87.0
..
..
..
97.5
..
..
90.0
(continued)
INFRASTRUCTURE
79
Drivers of growth
Table
6.3
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Fixed
broadband
internet
subscription
($ per month)
2010
Fixed
telephone
local
2010
55.6
133.2
50.5
29.3
83.2
..
80.8
31.8
603.7
11.9
390.4
..
180.1
40.4
242.3
..
295.7
..
292.9
31.5
903.5
..
37.9
50.5
..
89.5
562.2
50.5
23.6
16.2
50.1
117.7
60.1
53.2
162.9
282.8
36.3
47.2
..
..
27.2
28.6
867.2
31.9
166.8
16.2
58.0
..
13.3
14.8
60.2
8.0
39.5
11.8
10.5
0.23
0.25
0.12
0.23
0.30
0.06
0.36
0.14
..
0.36
0.13
..
0.61
0.36
..
..
0.01
..
..
0.13
0.03
..
0.23
0.23
0.00
0.28
0.18
0.11
0.37
0.08
0.27
0.25
0.15
0.18
0.37
0.09
0.24
0.06
0.00
..
0.27
..
0.08
0.30
0.21
0.21
0.83
..
0.09
0.15
0.09
0.03
..
0.24
0.02
Pricing
Cost of 3-minute call
during off-peak hours ($)
Connection charge
($)
Mobile cellular
Cellular
local
2009
Fixed
telephone
local
2010
Cellular
local
2009
Residential
telephone
2010
Business
telephone
2010
0.63
0.65
0.55
0.75
0.95
..
0.95
0.91
0.76
1.14
0.64
..
..
0.63
..
0.35
0.21
..
0.37
0.31
..
0.57
0.31
0.70
..
0.65
0.59
0.70
0.63
0.13
0.72
0.89
0.79
0.60
0.45
0.47
0.54
0.92
..
..
0.89
0.18
0.78
0.59
0.73
0.50
0.70
..
0.41
0.33
0.54
0.11
..
1.34
0.49
0.13
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
..
0.4
0.1
..
0.6
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
0.1
0.0
..
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.0
..
0.2
..
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.5
..
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.0
..
0.2
0.0
0.65
0.7
0.6
0.8
1.0
..
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.1
0.6
..
..
0.6
..
0.4
0.2
..
0.4
..
..
0.6
0.3
0.7
..
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.6
0.1
0.7
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.9
..
..
0.9
0.2
0.8
..
0.7
..
0.7
..
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.1
..
1.3
0.5
37.6
49.0
194.8
37.9
59.6
22.8
48.2
36.0
..
107.2
109.0
..
168.1
20.2
47.4
..
16.8
..
..
31.5
5.2
..
42.9
46.0
0.2
28.2
13.9
78.0
0.0
37.4
14.3
40.1
30.3
0.0
51.5
22.7
46.5
46.2
0.0
..
67.1
..
29.1
18.2
71.5
67.8
10.4
..
14.0
5.4
56.3
6.1
..
71.3
14.0
46.5
49.0
354.7
55.6
59.6
22.8
120.4
..
..
107.2
109.0
..
168.1
..
..
..
16.8
..
..
31.5
19.0
..
42.9
..
..
28.2
..
78.0
18.1
74.7
14.3
40.1
30.3
..
..
22.7
46.5
46.2
0.0
..
67.1
..
48.6
..
71.5
67.8
31.3
..
77.1
..
56.3
97.8
..
142.6
14.0
Prepaid
2009-10a
Postpaid
2009-10a
..
2.1
1.5
..
..
2.0
..
..
1.1
..
..
1.3
..
..
50.1
2.7
2.0
0.3
0.7
..
1.0
0.6
6.8
..
1.0
..
0.0
1.8
3.5
0.7
2.7
1.6
1.0
0.0
4.5
4.2
2.0
..
..
..
2.2
2.1
0.5
2.1
..
..
..
..
5.3
1.4
6.4
..
5.3
..
2.1
1.0
..
..
..
..
..
100.2
14.4
..
11.3
0.7
..
1.1
1.3
5.9
..
0.5
2.8
2.1
1.9
3.1
0.7
2.2
3.2
..
1.8
8.6
4.2
3.7
..
..
17.6
2.2
1.8
0.4
2.1
1.5
..
..
5.5
60.2
2.5
7.9
2.5
3.6
6.9
28.1
2.9
..
14.9
3.7
Fixed
broadband
internet
2010
61.2
58.8
30.3
40.5
..
..
101.0
27.6
199.9
506.8
161.5
..
108.1
50.5
252.4
..
..
..
35.7
38.4
2371.7
..
50.5
61.5
..
0.0
702.7
98.9
25.3
37.4
..
40.1
48.1
0.0
171.5
113.1
50.5
60.9
..
..
81.7
47.7
316.3
..
119.1
135.5
962.8
..
0.0
..
60.2
0.0
55.3
0.0
0.0
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
80
INFRASTRUCTURE
Financing
Annual investment
($ millions)
Fixed telephone
service
2010
Mobile
communication
2010
140.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
1.3
..
31.4
..
2.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.6
..
12.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
48.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
31.5
..
..
..
193.1
..
..
193.1
..
..
..
1,477.2
..
93.4
..
..
..
..
..
26.8
..
..
119.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
752.3
..
..
..
11.2
..
..
..
180.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
278.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.6
..
..
..
1,132.0
..
..
1,132.0
..
..
..
INFRASTRUCTURE
Committed nominal
investment in
telecommunication projects with
private participaTelecommunications
tion ($ millions)
2010
2010
2,728.5
..
93.4
..
..
..
..
..
27.1
..
..
120.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
766.4
..
..
..
11.2
..
..
..
193.0
..
..
..
..
..
740.6
181.5
..
327.1
..
..
..
..
..
26.9
..
46.1
194.3
..
..
4,252.9
..
..
3,537.0
..
715.9
..
11,957.0
534.0
394.0
59.0
299.0
233.0
16.0
10.0
345.0
..
174.0
77.0
319.0
..
125.0
290.0
71.0
19.0
492.0
11.0
15.0
132.0
116.0
254.0
133.0
26.0
80.0
..
107.0
3,036.0
63.0
..
236.0
..
38.0
2,101.0
478.0
15.0
625.0
23.0
257.0
453.0
301.0
4,440.0
237.0
..
2,113.0
..
1,124.0
966.0
Fixed telephone
service
2010
Mobile
communication
2010
Telecommunications
2010
145.3
2.9
2.1
0.4
3.1
1.3
1.2
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.0
2.0
0.2
0.7
..
..
6.8
0.0
0.7
7.5
0.2
1.0
6.8
0.0
0.0
0.3
1.2
0.3
0.2
0.0
8.6
(5.5)
0.9
14.9
5.6
0.1
1.0
0.0
0.6
..
21.2
1.6
0.0
6.2
0.0
2.5
1.2
0.4
19.4
0.4
9.1
1.5
0.0
2.0
5.6
1,914.6
..
21.8
..
..
..
138.4
..
2.0
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
28.0
175.5
..
..
102.6
..
..
..
..
..
34.7
..
47.7
..
44.3
..
..
..
346.9
..
..
583.5
..
..
..
..
..
94.0
..
106.4
183.1
..
..
2,207.8
..
..
956.8
..
1,251.0
..
11,904.9
..
339.0
..
..
..
712.8
..
54.3
221.4
..
644.3
..
..
..
38.8
313.8
..
..
1,044.0
..
..
..
..
..
210.3
..
515.5
..
154.9
..
..
..
6,323.0
..
..
698.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
194.5
439.6
..
..
7,632.0
..
..
4,549.0
..
3,083.0
..
14,137.3
..
360.8
..
..
..
851.2
..
57.8
228.2
..
650.0
..
..
..
67.7
489.3
..
..
1,171.0
..
..
..
66.2
..
245.0
..
563.3
..
234.2
..
..
..
6,670.0
167.1
..
1,282.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
300.9
732.6
..
..
11,275.0
..
..
6,974.0
..
4,301.0
..
81
Drivers of growth
Table
6.4
Energy
Total
(billion kWh)
2009
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
418.4
4.2
0.1
0.4
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
7.8
0.5
5.9
..
0.3
4.1
1.7
..
9.0
..
..
6.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.0
1.7
..
19.8
..
..
2.9
..
..
..
246.8
6.8
..
4.6
0.1
..
10.3
7.9
249.9
42.8
..
139.0
30.4
21.4
15.7
Hydroelectric
2009
18.2
76.1
0.0
0.0
..
..
70.0
..
..
..
..
99.6
64.0
35.9
..
0.0
87.3
53.2
..
76.8
..
..
31.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
99.9
82.0
..
22.9
..
..
8.4
..
..
..
0.6
47.8
..
60.2
73.8
..
99.7
53.3
6.4
0.8
..
9.3
0.0
12.1
0.5
56.6
0.0
0.0
100.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
17.5
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
94.1
0.0
..
2.7
0.0
..
0.0
46.4
4.5
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
52.4
0.0
4.6
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
7.2
..
..
..
..
0.4
36.1
61.9
..
0.0
0.0
26.4
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
0.0
..
64.3
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
36.2
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
66.6
97.2
..
68.7
41.0
13.3
89.7
3.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
5.2
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Oil
2009
4.2
24.0
100.0
0.0
..
..
22.7
..
..
..
..
0.1
0.0
0.1
..
99.3
12.4
20.1
..
23.2
..
..
44.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.5
..
12.8
..
..
86.4
..
..
..
0.0
52.2
..
0.9
24.6
..
0.3
0.3
21.7
2.0
..
21.3
59.0
20.3
9.2
517.4
202.2
91.3
1,503.4
..
..
271.2
..
..
..
..
103.9
146.4
203.5
..
51.0
45.8
922.5
..
265.1
..
..
147.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
453.4
1,576.2
..
120.5
..
..
196.0
..
..
..
4,532.0
114.3
..
85.7
110.8
..
635.0
1,026.2
1,356.4
971.0
..
1,548.6
4,170.1
755.6
1,311.3
3.2
8.0
3.5
11.4
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
0.9
10.1
3.2
..
3.5
2.2
10.7
..
3.6
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
7.3
..
2.9
..
..
7.1
..
..
..
3.2
5.3
..
2.7
2.0
..
2.1
..
6.4
6.5
..
5.9
4.7
8.8
9.5
a. Shares may not sum to 100 percent because other sources of generated electricity (such as geothermal, solar, and wind) are not shown.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
82
INFRASTRUCTURE
Firms identifying
electricity as major or
very severe obstacle
to business operation
and growth (%)
200910 b
Quality
Average delay for
firm in obtaining
Electric power
electrical
transmission and
connection
distribution losses
(days)
(% of output)
b
200910
2009
35.7
51.9
34.8
53.9
..
58.6
53.1
76.1
74.6
..
51.6
71.1
39.8
..
0.2
..
58.0
..
..
..
..
..
44.3
59.1
54.6
37.6
33.5
..
42.9
..
..
63.2
..
..
..
..
..
53.4
..
..
..
..
..
50.9
..
..
..
7.7
86.8
39.2
23.1
..
17.6
30.5
11.8
10.6
..
48.0
8.4
20.9
..
0.0
..
34.5
..
..
..
..
..
13.9
0.0
92.1
59.2
32.9
..
18.6
..
..
37.1
..
..
..
..
..
14.8
..
..
..
..
..
53.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
INFRASTRUCTURE
11.2
10.1
..
79.3
..
..
9.4
..
..
..
..
4.9
73.5
25.0
..
11.9
9.5
18.2
..
23.3
..
..
15.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.0
15.3
..
5.9
..
..
17.0
..
..
..
9.8
28.1
..
19.4
..
..
23.4
6.6
12.9
20.6
..
10.5
14.0
11.7
13.0
Financing
Committed nominal
investment in energy
ODA gross
projects with private
disbursements
participation
for energy
($ millions)
($ millions)
b
2009-10
2010
Electric power
outages in a
typical month
(number)
200910 b
Firms that
shareorown
their
owngenerator
(%)
200910 b
Firms using
electricity from
generator
(%)
200910 b
5.4
13.9
4.5
10.8
..
10.6
4.9
32.7
22.6
..
21.8
25.3
3.8
..
3.0
..
7.2
..
..
..
..
..
6.8
5.4
13.6
1.0
5.3
..
3.2
..
..
20.1
..
..
..
..
..
15.9
..
..
..
..
..
11.1
..
..
..
79.0
50.5
34.5
28.3
..
34.8
48.8
81.5
75.5
..
49.3
81.8
6.5
..
36.8
..
22.9
..
..
..
..
..
30.9
66.5
29.3
25.3
20.1
..
24.5
..
..
34.5
..
..
..
..
..
81.8
..
..
..
..
..
63.6
..
..
..
17.3
10.1
0.6
2.5
..
4.5
10.9
14.8
52.0
..
4.2
43.2
1.0
..
1.0
..
1.8
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
63.1
5.2
2.0
0.5
..
0.8
..
..
5.2
..
..
..
..
..
36.6
..
..
..
..
..
9.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
4.0
..
..
..
..
..
116.0
..
170.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
27.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,278.1
1.3
13.8
13.2
28.7
14.9
5.4
63.0
0.1
1.2
..
30.3
0.4
59.6
0.0
15.7
118.0
7.9
1.3
111.7
0.3
1.2
81.5
0.2
22.6
4.5
16.2
23.4
65.8
0.5
31.8
2.4
0.1
29.8
40.9
0.2
7.9
..
14.1
0.3
9.6
37.6
..
136.1
3.7
135.6
20.1
16.3
822.6
0.9
16.1
397.2
27.2
108.9
260.9
83
Participating in growth
Table
7.1
Education
Primary education
Literacy rate (%)
Youth (ages 1524)
Adult (ages 15 and older)
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
2009
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
84
..
73.1
54.3
95.2
..
76.6
..
98.2
64.7
46.3
85.3
67.7
..
66.6
97.9
88.7
..
97.6
65.5
80.1
61.1
70.9
92.7
92.0
75.6
..
86.5
..
67.7
96.5
70.9
93.0
..
71.8
77.2
95.3
65.0
..
57.6
..
..
..
93.4
77.4
..
..
74.6
98.9
..
..
..
..
99.9
79.5
..
..
80.8
64.9
93.7
..
76.9
..
97.4
72.2
53.5
85.8
73.3
..
72.1
97.7
91.6
..
98.6
71.0
81.2
68.1
78.2
91.9
85.7
70.4
..
86.9
..
70.9
95.5
78.1
91.1
..
78.2
77.0
94.9
74.2
..
67.6
..
..
..
91.9
78.5
..
..
81.8
98.4
..
..
..
..
99.9
86.7
..
..
65.5
43.4
96.7
..
76.3
..
99.0
57.3
39.0
84.7
62.1
..
61.0
98.2
85.8
..
96.6
60.0
78.9
53.8
63.6
93.6
98.1
80.9
..
86.0
..
64.3
97.6
63.7
94.9
..
65.3
77.4
95.8
56.2
..
48.1
..
..
..
94.9
76.4
..
..
67.3
99.5
..
..
..
..
99.8
72.2
..
..
70.0
41.7
84.1
..
66.6
..
84.8
55.2
33.6
74.2
67.0
..
55.3
93.3
66.6
..
87.7
46.5
66.6
39.5
52.2
87.0
89.7
59.1
..
73.7
..
57.5
87.9
55.1
88.5
..
60.8
70.7
88.8
49.7
..
40.9
..
..
..
86.9
72.9
..
..
70.9
91.9
..
..
..
..
88.9
56.1
..
..
82.9
54.2
83.8
..
72.6
..
90.1
69.1
44.5
79.7
79.5
..
64.7
97.0
77.9
..
91.4
57.6
72.8
50.8
66.9
90.5
82.9
63.7
..
80.6
..
64.5
90.6
70.1
88.9
..
72.0
75.0
93.7
61.8
..
52.7
..
..
..
87.8
79.0
..
..
80.6
94.7
..
..
..
..
95.2
68.9
..
..
57.6
29.1
84.4
..
60.9
..
80.3
42.1
23.1
68.7
54.9
..
45.3
89.8
56.0
..
84.1
35.8
60.4
28.1
38.0
83.5
95.3
54.5
..
67.0
..
50.3
85.3
41.5
88.1
..
49.8
66.8
84.1
38.7
..
30.1
..
..
..
86.2
66.9
..
..
61.3
89.4
..
..
..
..
82.0
43.9
..
..
124.5
125.9
..
75.6
156.3
119.8
109.6
93.4
92.5
..
93.7
115.0
..
86.6
44.6
101.6
..
82.6
..
94.4
123.1
..
103.2
..
148.6
135.5
80.4
102.0
99.4
115.1
..
66.3
83.3
142.6
130.7
86.8
117.2
..
..
..
..
115.8
102.3
139.6
121.1
115.3
..
..
110.2
..
100.7
..
111.4
..
103.2
137.3
134.6
..
79.1
157.3
128.6
113.9
109.3
107.0
..
100.4
117.9
..
87.9
48.5
106.2
..
81.7
..
102.6
127.1
..
104.5
..
149.8
133.0
85.9
99.5
99.1
121.1
..
72.5
87.1
141.1
130.9
84.4
117.3
..
..
..
..
120.7
101.5
147.1
120.3
114.5
..
..
113.4
..
102.8
..
115.0
..
95.8
111.6
117.1
..
72.0
155.3
110.9
105.3
77.7
78.0
..
87.0
112.0
..
85.4
40.6
96.8
..
83.5
..
85.9
119.2
..
102.0
..
147.3
138.0
74.7
104.5
99.7
109.0
..
59.7
79.3
144.0
130.4
89.3
117.2
..
..
..
..
110.9
103.1
132.2
122.0
116.0
..
..
106.8
..
98.4
..
107.6
..
..
85.7
93.8
..
58.1
..
92.4
93.2
70.5
..
..
..
90.8
..
56.3
33.5
81.3
..
65.5
..
77.0
73.9
..
73.4
..
..
..
62.0
74.0
93.4
91.9
..
57.2
57.6
98.8
98.4
75.5
..
..
..
..
..
85.6
..
..
90.9
91.4
..
..
95.6
..
94.4
..
93.7
..
77.4
93.1
..
..
60.4
..
98.7
94.3
80.8
..
..
..
92.3
..
56.5
35.8
83.9
..
64.4
..
83.2
75.5
..
72.0
..
..
..
66.3
72.5
92.4
94.5
..
62.8
60.2
..
97.1
73.3
..
..
..
..
..
86.1
..
..
89.6
90.3
..
..
96.6
..
..
..
94.5
..
73.1
78.2
..
..
55.6
..
85.9
92.1
60.4
..
..
..
89.3
..
56.0
31.0
78.6
..
66.6
..
70.5
72.4
..
74.8
..
..
..
57.4
75.7
94.5
89.2
..
51.2
54.9
..
99.7
77.7
..
..
..
..
..
85.0
..
..
92.1
92.5
..
..
94.6
..
..
..
92.8
..
Studentteacher
ratio
2010
45.7
45.8
46.4
..
47.8
50.6
45.5
23.6
84.3
62.2
..
37.0
49.2
..
27.2
38.0
54.1
..
..
..
42.2
51.9
..
33.8
..
40.1
79.3
50.4
37.2
21.5
58.5
..
38.6
36.0
64.6
26.2
33.7
12.6
..
..
..
..
32.3
50.8
40.6
48.6
58.0
..
25.6
23.3
..
26.3
..
26.2
..
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Secondary education
Gross enrollment ratio
Net enrollment ratio
(% of relevant age group)
(% of relevant age group)
Total
Male
Female
Total
Male
Female
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
..
31.3
..
..
20.7
24.8
42.2
87.5
12.6
24.6
..
37.7
..
..
..
31.9
35.7
..
54.1
..
..
..
..
46.4
..
..
32.1
37.7
24.4
89.4
25.5
..
13.4
44.1
32.2
50.9
37.4
119.3
..
..
..
..
58.1
..
..
28.1
..
..
..
..
..
72.5
..
..
..
43.5
37.2
..
..
23.4
28.9
46.0
79.7
16.0
34.6
..
47.8
..
..
..
36.3
39.3
..
55.6
..
..
..
..
39.0
..
..
33.6
44.3
26.4
89.5
28.0
..
16.1
46.8
31.9
50.2
39.9
114.4
..
..
..
..
58.1
..
..
30.4
..
..
..
..
..
73.9
..
..
..
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
35.6
25.5
..
..
17.9
20.7
38.4
95.4
9.3
14.6
..
27.6
..
..
..
27.6
32.1
..
52.6
..
..
..
..
53.9
..
..
30.6
30.9
22.4
89.3
22.9
..
10.7
41.2
32.4
51.7
34.9
124.7
..
..
..
..
58.1
..
..
25.8
..
..
..
..
..
71.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.6
16.2
..
65.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.9
..
..
27.5
29.5
..
..
16.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
70.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.5
17.7
..
61.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
32.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.8
..
..
27.9
34.8
..
..
17.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.6
14.6
..
70.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.0
..
..
27.2
23.9
..
..
15.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
68.6
..
..
..
Studentteacher ratio
2010
..
38.7
..
..
30.3
29.9
..
17.5
52.3
32.5
..
16.0
..
..
..
38.7
43.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.9
35.0
..
29.6
33.1
..
..
32.3
12.2
..
..
..
..
18.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.5
..
..
..
Tertiary education
Gross enrollment ratio
(% of relevant age group)
Total
Male
Female
2010
2010
2010
..
3.7
..
..
3.3
3.3
11.5
17.8
2.6
2.2
7.9
..
5.5
..
..
2.0
5.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.7
0.7
5.8
4.4
..
..
..
1.5
..
5.5
4.5
7.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.1
..
..
..
6.2
..
30.8
..
32.4
..
..
..
8.3
4.1
..
..
4.5
4.2
12.6
15.6
3.9
3.7
9.1
..
..
..
..
3.0
8.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.9
0.9
8.1
6.2
..
..
..
2.2
..
6.2
4.5
9.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
..
6.9
..
25.2
..
34.0
..
..
..
5.2
3.3
..
..
2.2
2.3
10.3
20.2
1.3
0.6
6.7
..
..
..
..
1.0
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
0.6
3.4
2.5
..
..
..
0.8
..
4.8
4.4
5.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
..
..
..
5.5
..
36.6
..
30.7
..
..
..
Public spending on
education (%)
Share of
government
expenditure Share of GDP
2010
2010
..
8.5
..
..
20.8
25.1
17.9
14.4
12.0
10.1
..
8.9
..
..
..
..
25.4
..
22.8
24.4
..
..
17.2
..
..
..
12.1
22.0
15.3
..
..
..
16.9
..
18.2
..
..
..
..
..
19.2
..
16.0
18.3
..
..
..
8.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.7
3.4
..
..
4.0
9.2
3.5
5.6
1.2
2.8
..
2.5
6.2
..
..
..
4.7
..
5.0
5.5
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
4.6
4.5
4.3
..
..
8.1
3.9
..
5.0
..
5.6
..
..
..
6.0
..
7.4
6.2
4.5
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
85
Participating in growth
Table
7.2
Health
Mortality
Life expectancy at birth
(years)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
86
Total
2010
Male
2010
Female
2010
Under-five
mortality rate
(per 1,000)
2010
54.2
50.7
55.6
53.1
54.9
49.9
51.1
73.8
47.6
49.2
60.6
48.1
57.0
54.7
50.8
61.0
58.7
62.3
58.2
63.8
53.6
47.7
56.5
47.4
56.2
66.5
53.5
51.0
58.2
73.0
49.7
62.1
54.3
51.4
55.1
64.4
59.0
73.0
47.4
50.9
52.1
61.1
48.3
57.4
56.6
53.6
48.5
49.9
72.8
72.9
57.5
73.0
74.8
71.9
74.6
53.1
49.2
53.8
54.0
54.0
48.5
50.1
70.1
46.1
47.8
59.3
46.5
55.8
53.7
49.6
58.7
57.2
61.3
57.0
62.9
52.1
46.2
55.4
48.1
55.2
64.9
53.4
49.9
56.6
69.5
48.7
61.5
53.8
50.6
53.8
63.0
57.9
68.4
46.8
49.4
51.4
59.4
48.8
56.5
55.1
53.0
48.0
50.7
70.9
71.4
56.1
71.1
72.2
69.7
72.6
55.3
52.1
57.5
52.2
56.0
51.3
52.1
77.7
49.2
50.7
62.0
49.7
58.2
55.9
52.2
63.4
60.3
63.4
59.4
64.8
55.3
49.3
57.6
46.6
57.2
68.1
53.5
52.1
60.0
76.7
50.7
62.7
54.7
52.2
56.4
65.8
60.0
77.9
48.0
52.5
52.8
62.9
47.9
58.3
58.1
54.3
48.9
49.0
74.8
74.4
59.0
75.0
77.4
74.2
76.7
122
161
115
48
176
142
136
36
159
173
86
170
93
123
121
61
106
74
98
74
130
150
85
85
103
62
92
178
111
15
135
40
143
143
91
80
75
14
174
180
57
103
78
92
103
99
111
80
27
36
91
22
17
36
16
Diseases
Infant
Maternal mortality
mortality rate
ratio, modeled
(per 1,000
estimate (per
live births)
100,000 live births)
2010
2008
77
98
73
36
93
88
84
29
106
99
63
112
61
86
81
42
68
54
57
50
81
92
55
65
74
43
58
99
75
13
92
29
73
88
59
53
50
12
114
108
41
66
55
60
66
63
69
51
23
31
73
19
13
30
14
505
450
350
160
300
800
690
79
890
1,100
280
540
560
400
240
240
350
230
360
350
610
790
360
620
770
240
460
540
510
60
490
200
590
630
340
70
370
..
890
1,000
300
730
320
460
300
310
440
570
78
97
200
66
58
100
56
Prevalence
of HIV
(% ages
1549)
2010
Incidence
of tuberculosis
(per 100,000
people)
2010
5.5
2.0
1.2
24.8
1.2
3.3
5.3
..
4.7
3.4
0.1
..
3.4
3.4
5.0
0.8
..
5.2
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.5
6.3
23.6
1.5
0.2
11.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
11.5
13.1
0.8
3.6
2.9
..
0.9
..
1.6
0.7
17.8
1.1
25.9
5.6
3.2
6.5
13.5
14.3
0.1
0.1
2.5
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
277
304
94
503
55
129
177
147
319
276
37
327
372
139
135
100
261
553
273
86
334
233
298
633
293
266
219
68
337
22
544
603
185
133
106
96
288
31
682
286
981
119
1,287
177
455
209
462
633
52
90
620
18
40
91
25
Malaria
Clinical
cases
Reported
reportedb deathsb
2010
2010
71,412,328 132,524
2,783,619
8,114
1,432,095
964
12,196
8
5,409,156
9,024
2,919,866
2,677
1,845,691
4,536
47
1
66,484
526
466,034
..
47,364
53
7,439,440 23,476
0
..
..
1,023
0
..
53,750
27
4,068,764
1,581
159,313
182
116,353
151
2,642,221
3,859
1,092,554
735
0
..
4,585,712 26,017
..
..
2,263,973
1,422
202,450
122
6,851,108
8,206
1,018,846
3,006
238,565
211
..
..
1,522,577
3,354
25,889
63
620,058
3,929
3,873,463
4,238
638,669
670
2,262
14
0
..
..
..
934,028
8,188
24,553
6
8,060
83
1,465,496
1,023
1,722
8
0
..
617,101
1,507
11,084,045
8,431
4,229,839
4,834
648,965
255
4,673
4
408
..
3,962
0
85
2
..
..
218
2
..
..
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
75
93
69
94
94
92
79
96
62
46
72
68
76
70
51
99
81
55
97
93
51
61
86
85
64
67
93
63
67
99
70
75
71
71
82
92
60
99
82
46
65
90
94
92
84
55
91
84
96
95
85
96
98
98
97
77
91
83
96
95
96
84
99
54
59
74
63
90
85
33
99
86
45
98
94
57
76
83
83
64
74
93
76
64
99
74
83
70
69
80
98
70
99
90
45
63
90
89
91
92
60
82
83
97
95
88
97
98
99
98
Malnutrition (% of
children under age 5)
Stunting Underweight
200710a 200710a
Contraceptive use
(% of married women
ages 1549)
Births
attended
by skilled
health staff
(% of total)
200710a
Any
method
200710a
29.2
..
31.4
35.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
45.8
..
39.0
..
..
..
..
..
28.6
40.0
28.1
35.2
39.0
39.4
49.2
47.8
..
23.0
..
43.7
29.6
..
41.0
..
31.6
..
..
37.4
..
23.9
..
40.4
42.5
26.9
..
45.8
..
15.6
..
11.2
26.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
28.2
..
29.4
..
..
..
..
..
14.3
20.8
17.2
16.4
13.5
20.4
..
13.8
..
15.9
..
18.3
17.5
..
26.7
..
14.4
..
..
21.3
..
8.7
..
7.3
16.2
20.5
..
14.9
..
47.3
..
94.6
..
60.3
..
..
43.7
22.7
..
79.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.7
57.1
46.1
44.0
43.8
61.5
46.3
43.9
..
..
60.9
..
55.3
81.4
..
38.9
69.0
81.7
..
..
42.4
..
..
..
82.0
48.9
60.1
..
46.5
60.2
..
..
52.8
..
21.9
..
..
..
4.8
..
17.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
23.5
..
14.2
45.5
47.0
11.4
39.9
..
..
9.3
..
16.2
55.1
18.0
14.6
51.6
38.4
..
..
8.2
..
..
..
49.3
34.4
15.2
..
40.8
64.9
..
..
30.7
21.0
..
..
..
..
6.8
5.6
..
..
..
..
78.9
99.8
..
..
..
22.5
60.3
..
..
..
Modern
method
200710a
Children under
age 5 sleeping
under insecticidetreated nets
(% )
200710a
Tuberculosis
case detection rate
(%, all forms)
2009
Tuberculosis
treatment
successrate
(% of registered
cases)
2009
..
..
..
51.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.6
..
..
38.9
45.6
10.3
28.2
42.2
..
8.0
..
12.2
53.5
..
8.1
26.1
33.1
..
..
6.0
..
..
..
63.0
26.1
13.2
..
26.5
..
..
..
..
57.6
..
..
..
..
17.7
..
..
..
45.2
..
..
..
9.8
..
35.7
..
..
..
48.9
33.1
55.1
..
28.2
4.5
35.5
46.7
..
26.4
45.8
56.5
70.2
..
..
22.8
34.0
63.7
29.1
69.8
56.2
29.2
..
25.8
..
..
25.3
0.6
63.6
56.9
32.8
49.9
17.3
..
..
19.9
..
..
..
..
48.0
75.0
47.0
62.0
14.0
25.0
70.0
44.0
60.0
26.0
46.0
46.0
69.0
27.0
89.0
58.0
50.0
42.0
47.0
31.0
26.0
59.0
85.0
93.0
52.0
44.0
49.0
16.0
24.0
41.0
46.0
76.0
36.0
19.0
19.0
49.0
31.0
57.0
31.0
42.0
74.0
52.0
67.0
77.0
10.0
44.0
80.0
46.0
..
100.0
71.0
63.0
82.0
93.0
86.0
79.0
72.0
90.0
79.0
76.0
90.0
78.0
..
53.0
76.0
..
88.0
78.0
79.0
66.0
85.0
84.0
55.0
89.0
87.0
79.0
67.0
86.0
70.0
83.0
82.0
88.0
78.0
63.0
88.0
85.0
85.0
79.0
83.0
85.0
98.0
85.0
64.0
79.0
85.0
73.0
80.0
69.0
88.0
81.0
67.0
90.0
78.0
..
91.0
79.0
88.0
..
84.0
83.0
29.3
..
..
..
17.2
..
..
..
35.7
..
39.1
..
..
..
13.1
9.5
..
..
43.0
73.9
51.2
23.2
..
67.2
19.7
30.9
..
20.7
..
36.7
20.3
..
49.1
10.8
8.4
9.1
..
30.1
..
..
35.8
0.6
59.1
33.8
59.6
34.0
23.6
..
0.9
..
..
..
..
(continued)
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
87
Participating in growth
Table
7.2
Health (continued)
Water and sanitation
Population with sustainable access
Population with sustainable access
to an improved water source
to improved sanitation
(% of total
(% of urban
(% of rural
(% of total
(% of urban
(% of rural
population)
population)
population)
population)
population)
population)
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
61
51
75
96
79
72
77
88
67
51
95
45
71
80
..
..
44
87
89
86
74
64
59
78
73
46
83
64
50
99
47
93
49
58
65
89
72
..
55
29
91
58
71
53
61
72
61
80
92
83
88
99
..
83
..
83
60
84
99
95
83
95
90
92
70
91
79
95
91
..
..
97
95
92
91
90
91
82
91
88
74
95
87
52
100
77
99
100
74
76
89
93
100
87
66
99
67
91
79
89
95
87
98
95
85
99
100
..
98
99
49
38
68
92
73
71
52
85
51
44
97
27
32
68
..
..
34
41
85
80
65
53
52
73
60
34
80
51
48
99
29
90
39
43
63
88
56
..
35
7
79
52
65
44
40
68
46
69
88
79
54
99
..
61
..
31
58
13
62
17
46
49
61
34
13
36
24
18
24
..
..
21
33
68
14
18
20
32
26
18
15
51
22
26
89
18
32
9
31
55
26
52
..
13
23
79
26
57
10
13
34
48
40
90
95
50
95
97
70
..
42
85
25
75
50
49
58
73
43
30
50
24
20
36
..
..
29
33
70
19
32
44
32
32
29
21
49
35
51
91
38
57
34
35
52
30
70
98
23
52
86
44
64
20
26
34
57
52
94
98
63
97
97
83
96
23
19
5
41
6
46
36
43
28
6
30
24
15
11
..
4
19
30
65
8
11
9
32
24
7
12
51
14
9
88
5
17
4
27
56
19
39
..
6
6
67
14
55
7
3
34
43
32
84
88
10
93
96
52
..
Human resources
Health workers
(per 1,000 people)
Nurses and
Community
Physicians
midwives
workers
a
a
200809
200809
200809a
..
..
0.1
..
0.1
..
..
0.6
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.1
..
0.1
..
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.1
0.1
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.4
..
..
0.1
..
0.0
..
..
0.3
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
2.1
..
..
2.8
1.9
0.6
1.2
..
..
0.8
..
0.7
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
0.6
1.1
..
0.6
..
..
0.3
..
0.3
0.3
0.7
..
0.3
..
0.1
1.6
..
..
0.4
..
0.2
..
..
0.8
..
..
0.3
..
..
..
3.0
..
0.8
3.5
6.8
0.9
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
b. Data for Sudan, after 1999, only represents 15 northern states.
c. Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus toxoid.
88
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Expenditure on health
Share of GDP (%)
Total
2010
Public
2009
Private
2009
Public
2010
Private
2010
External resources
for health
2010
Out-of-pocket
(% of private
expenditure
on health)
2010
6.5
2.9
4.1
8.3
6.7
11.6
5.1
4.1
4.0
4.5
4.5
7.9
2.5
5.3
4.5
2.7
4.9
3.5
5.7
5.2
4.9
8.5
4.8
11.1
11.9
3.8
6.6
5.0
4.4
6.0
5.2
6.8
5.2
5.1
10.5
7.2
5.7
3.4
13.1
..
8.9
6.3
6.6
6.0
7.7
9.0
5.9
..
4.7
4.2
7.2
4.7
3.9
5.2
6.2
2.9
4.1
2.3
8.2
3.9
6.0
1.6
2.9
1.7
3.9
2.1
4.9
1.6
1.0
3.4
1.0
2.0
1.7
3.0
3.1
0.9
1.6
1.5
5.6
5.3
2.8
3.6
2.7
1.6
2.1
4.1
4.0
3.5
2.1
3.9
2.9
3.1
3.1
0.9
..
3.4
2.0
4.0
3.8
1.7
1.6
2.5
..
3.0
5.0
5.4
2.1
2.6
1.9
3.4
3.7
0.5
1.9
2.1
2.4
7.1
4.0
1.0
2.6
3.1
1.3
4.7
1.4
4.1
0.5
1.2
2.2
1.9
3.0
3.8
4.9
4.5
2.9
2.6
8.0
1.4
2.6
2.9
1.0
3.6
1.5
2.0
2.6
3.7
5.1
4.2
2.5
0.9
12.2
..
5.1
5.3
2.3
1.4
4.2
6.7
2.3
..
2.3
0.8
1.6
2.9
1.3
3.6
2.9
45.2
82.5
49.5
72.5
51.0
38.2
29.6
75.0
35.4
25.0
67.2
42.5
46.7
21.6
75.9
48.2
53.5
52.9
50.9
59.5
11.3
10.0
44.3
76.2
32.5
60.3
60.2
46.6
53.1
41.7
71.7
58.4
50.9
37.9
50.1
38.3
55.5
91.9
11.3
..
44.1
29.8
63.7
67.3
44.2
21.7
60.3
..
50.6
77.9
65.3
37.4
68.8
38.0
54.3
54.8
17.5
50.5
27.5
49.0
61.8
70.4
25.0
64.6
75.0
32.8
57.5
53.3
78.4
24.1
51.8
46.5
47.1
49.2
40.5
88.7
90.0
55.7
23.8
67.5
39.7
39.8
53.4
46.9
58.3
28.3
41.6
49.1
62.1
49.9
61.7
44.5
8.1
88.7
..
55.9
70.2
36.3
32.7
55.8
78.3
39.7
..
49.4
22.1
34.7
62.6
31.2
62.0
45.7
10.4
2.9
35.9
18.3
22.9
45.8
13.2
11.9
13.4
7.9
19.2
32.7
4.1
9.8
2.0
38.0
39.4
2.4
41.2
16.9
10.8
23.3
36.1
19.5
55.1
9.0
63.8
27.4
10.1
2.0
24.2
19.0
29.4
9.2
47.0
21.0
18.5
4.2
20.6
..
2.2
3.3
17.2
48.8
15.2
25.9
39.3
..
0.4
0.0
23.9
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.3
58.6
100.0
92.7
29.5
73.8
61.4
94.5
99.7
95.0
96.7
100.0
62.5
100.0
98.8
92.1
100.0
80.1
100.0
48.4
66.4
99.4
73.8
76.7
69.0
52.2
68.3
27.9
99.5
94.5
88.8
48.3
17.9
84.1
95.3
44.4
86.7
78.5
67.7
89.5
..
29.6
95.7
42.5
41.7
84.2
63.6
66.7
..
93.5
94.7
99.1
97.7
100.0
86.3
87.0
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Private prepaid
plans
(% of private
expenditure
Health expenditure
on health)
per capita ($)
2010
2010
32.8
0.0
7.3
5.6
3.7
0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.2
0.0
1.2
0.0
0.0
1.5
0.0
3.1
6.2
0.0
0.0
9.3
0.0
0.0
15.2
15.8
0.5
0.6
6.3
0.0
61.2
4.4
3.1
10.2
0.0
17.9
23.0
1.0
..
66.1
1.0
19.0
10.1
4.3
0.2
3.6
..
6.0
5.1
0.9
1.7
0.0
13.7
11.2
85.0
123.2
31.1
614.6
39.8
20.7
61.3
154.6
18.2
30.6
33.2
15.8
72.3
59.8
896.2
11.9
15.7
302.1
26.1
67.0
23.0
46.9
36.9
108.9
29.2
15.9
25.6
31.7
42.7
448.9
21.3
361.3
18.3
62.8
55.5
90.0
58.5
368.5
42.5
..
648.7
83.9
203.1
30.9
40.6
46.7
72.9
..
160.6
178.3
91.7
123.2
483.7
148.0
237.8
89
Participating in growth
Table
8.1
Rural development
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
South Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
71.9
62.9
65.5
58.1
86.2
93.7
59.3
55.9
63.2
79.2
72.1
72.2
45.7
60.3
65.3
84.2
87.4
30.9
61.7
63.6
72.0
71.9
81.8
86.0
54.7
76.4
88.4
76.7
60.3
56.1
78.9
72.3
84.6
64.7
94.6
56.4
61.0
50.7
67.1
70.3
48.0
73.4
..
77.1
81.1
69.9
88.9
60.6
71.0
51.4
47.9
24.3
56.5
24.3
51.6
42.1
67.4
51.0
61.7
46.8
83.4
91.7
50.1
46.6
62.4
76.6
71.9
70.2
41.7
56.5
61.2
82.2
85.1
19.9
50.9
56.0
69.0
70.3
80.3
80.0
45.7
72.9
84.8
72.1
60.0
57.3
69.3
67.6
83.8
57.5
86.2
46.6
59.4
49.0
64.5
66.8
43.1
63.9
..
76.7
77.7
63.5
87.9
65.2
66.2
48.7
40.2
16.7
57.4
23.6
46.7
36.6
62.7
41.5
58.0
38.9
79.6
89.0
41.6
38.9
61.1
72.4
71.8
64.8
37.9
49.9
60.3
78.4
82.4
14.0
41.9
48.5
64.6
70.0
77.8
73.1
38.5
69.8
80.2
66.7
58.6
57.4
61.6
62.0
83.3
50.2
81.1
37.8
57.1
44.7
61.6
62.6
38.3
54.8
..
74.5
73.6
56.6
86.7
64.3
61.7
46.3
33.5
11.9
57.2
22.1
43.3
32.7
1990
Annual growth
2000
2010
2.2
0.6
2.0
-2.1
2.3
2.2
1.4
-2.8
1.9
2.9
1.8
3.7
1.8
2.9
1.7
1.3
3.1
-1.0
2.3
1.7
4.1
0.4
3.1
1.3
-3.3
2.2
3.3
1.3
1.1
0.4
0.2
3.5
2.8
1.4
-0.3
0.2
2.5
0.9
0.9
0.0
1.0
1.9
..
3.1
2.7
1.7
3.1
2.8
1.9
1.5
0.8
4.1
2.2
1.8
0.5
0.5
1.9
1.1
2.5
-0.1
2.5
1.2
0.5
-0.1
1.8
3.0
2.7
2.0
1.7
1.3
3.2
3.3
2.4
-2.3
0.8
1.0
1.0
2.0
2.4
0.8
3.0
2.8
2.3
2.3
2.8
1.2
1.3
1.6
3.4
1.1
5.3
-0.2
2.3
0.4
2.4
2.3
1.4
0.7
..
0.1
2.0
2.0
3.0
3.3
0.2
1.1
-0.4
-1.4
1.9
1.5
0.5
0.1
1.7
0.7
2.2
-0.7
2.5
2.2
0.2
-1.0
1.6
2.0
2.5
1.8
1.5
0.7
2.5
2.5
1.8
-1.5
0.8
0.8
1.5
2.0
2.2
0.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.1
0.4
1.0
0.9
3.5
1.1
2.6
-0.4
2.2
-2.0
1.7
1.6
0.1
0.3
..
0.8
2.4
0.9
3.0
1.4
0.0
1.0
-0.4
-1.4
1.7
0.7
0.2
-0.2
273.2
224.2
193.6
191.2
228.3
564.4
121.6
474.7
96.6
145.5
404.8
394.1
227.9
310.6
187.8
..
..
97.3
327.5
348.5
145.4
292.4
384.4
444.7
332.4
316.9
368.6
324.0
300.8
594.0
309.8
155.0
59.7
213.7
764.3
3,274.5
142.9
3,549.0
549.7
453.9
125.7
117.3
..
369.6
229.6
122.0
314.7
164.8
257.2
834.6
171.1
13,663.7
1,406.2
58.4
146.9
118.0
342.2
236.8
169.0
235.1
253.8
608.9
131.8
463.1
119.7
178.9
505.5
520.0
266.9
334.6
245.0
538.4
558.1
75.6
235.8
271.7
267.9
290.7
513.1
476.1
342.4
386.2
346.3
177.5
324.9
680.1
323.4
157.1
65.5
237.1
775.6
1,095.2
185.1
3,975.4
545.4
473.9
128.5
108.5
..
435.6
300.5
121.3
401.6
236.2
231.3
862.5
160.2
12,223.2
1,386.3
68.0
153.4
122.2
352.4
196.7
205.0
314.4
216.8
810.7
136.4
324.8
135.7
185.3
642.9
626.9
301.8
349.4
312.0
582.5
481.4
65.8
179.7
266.6
222.9
346.7
570.7
473.6
375.7
478.5
323.8
157.7
509.2
842.1
282.4
175.4
83.6
231.4
645.5
627.6
180.4
3,944.1
327.5
574.9
133.3
91.1
..
445.9
322.3
153.7
426.0
244.8
185.6
1,016.5
159.1
5,363.4
1,582.2
79.7
171.4
127.7
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
b. Poverty estimates based on survey data from earlier year(s) are available, but are not comparable with the most recent year reported here.
c. World Bank estimates.
90
1993
1998
1995
1998
1994
1999
1998
1996
1999
1998
1995
..
..
40.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
41.5c
..
..
47.5
..
..
49.6
..
..
..
68.9c
..
76.7
66.5
..
..
..
71.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
37.4
83.0
..
30.3
..
..
..
..
..
2007
2003
2009b
2006b
2007b
2007b
2008b
2003b
2004
2006
2008
2006
2011
2005
2010
2006
2007b
2002b
2005b
2003
2007
2005
2010
2010b
2008b
2008
2004b
2007b
2004b
2011b
2001b
2011b
2003
2009b
2009b
2001b
2007b
2011b
2009
2010
2008
2007
..
36.1
44.8
52.6
68.9
55.0
44.3
69.4
58.6
48.7
75.7
..
54.2c
79.9
..
30.4
44.6
73.9
39.2
63.0
69.1
49.1
60.5c
67.7c
73.5
56.6
50.6
59.4
..
56.9
49.0
63.9
63.8
48.7
64.9
57.1
..
78.5
..
..
57.6
55.4
75.0
37.4
73.4
27.2
77.9
..
..
..
30.0
..
14.5
..
1998
1995
1998
1993
1999
1998
1996
1999
1998
1995
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
14.3c
..
..
13.4
..
..
18.2
..
..
..
26.5c
..
21.4
23.9
..
..
..
29.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.2
44.5
..
4.5
..
..
..
..
..
2003
2003
2009b
2006b
2007b
2007b
2008b
2003b
2004
2006
2005
2008
2006
2005
2005
2003
2006
2007b
2002b
2005b
2007
2005
2004
..b
2008b
2008
2004b
2007b
2004b
2005b
2001b
2011b
2003
2009b
..b
2001b
2007b
2006b
2009
2006
..
14.0
18.4
17.4
24.2
17.5
14.3
35.0
23.3
17.8
34.9
20.6
20.3c
49.8
..
8.5
16.0
30.5
13.5
22.0
27.8
17.5
..c
26.3c
28.9
8.6
..
22.3
..
22.2
16.0
21.2
26.6
26.0
24.7
18.6
..
34.6
..
..
21.3
37.0
11.0
29.3
7.6
38.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.2
40.0
49.0
88.0
38.0
68.0
31.0
..
47.0
37.0
83.0
27.0
..
67.0
..
39.0
5.0
..
67.0
36.0
37.0
32.0
33.0
78.0
..
15.0
35.0
20.0
26.0
99.0
26.0
51.0
31.0
30.0
64.0
..
43.0
..
26.0
..
66.0
58.0
41.6
40.0
59.0
90.0
55.0
70.0
42.0
81.0
49.0
41.0
92.0
27.0
36.0
67.0
42.0
50.0
19.0
47.0
77.0
58.0
52.0
43.0
43.0
76.0
50.0
24.0
57.0
36.0
37.0
99.0
27.0
72.0
35.0
36.0
63.0
70.0
49.0
..
30.0
15.0
71.0
55.0
48.6
38.0
68.0
92.0
73.0
71.0
52.0
85.0
51.0
44.0
97.0
27.0
32.0
68.0
..
..
34.0
41.0
85.0
80.0
65.0
53.0
52.0
73.0
60.0
34.0
80.0
51.0
48.0
99.0
29.0
90.0
39.0
43.0
63.0
88.0
56.0
..
35.0
7.0
79.0
52.0
19.3
6.0
0.0
22.0
2.0
44.0
37.0
..
5.0
4.0
11.0
4.0
..
8.0
..
0.0
1.0
..
..
4.0
6.0
4.0
25.0
..
..
7.0
38.0
10.0
8.0
88.0
4.0
9.0
2.0
36.0
34.0
..
22.0
..
5.0
..
60.0
18.0
20.6
11.0
3.0
32.0
4.0
45.0
37.0
25.0
16.0
5.0
23.0
13.0
18.0
10.0
87.0
2.0
6.0
30.0
60.0
6.0
9.0
5.0
28.0
22.0
3.0
10.0
45.0
12.0
9.0
88.0
4.0
13.0
3.0
32.0
45.0
15.0
31.0
..
5.0
10.0
63.0
16.0
23.4
19.0
5.0
41.0
6.0
46.0
36.0
43.0
28.0
6.0
30.0
24.0
15.0
11.0
..
4.0
19.0
30.0
65.0
8.0
11.0
9.0
32.0
24.0
7.0
12.0
51.0
14.0
9.0
88.0
5.0
17.0
4.0
27.0
56.0
19.0
39.0
..
6.0
6.0
67.0
14.0
25.0
46.0
36.0
39.0
23.0
71.0
79.9
88.0
70.0
90.0
55.0
54.0
62.0
41.0
45.0
38.0
54.0
36.0
70.0
84.2
84.0
63.0
95.0
55.0
58.0
77.0
65.0
44.0
40.0
68.0
46.0
69.0
88.4
79.0
54.0
99.0
..
61.0
..
44.0
6.0
8.0
26.0
37.0
35.0
54.6
77.0
45.0
57.0
96.0
27.0
44.0
49.0
7.0
5.0
30.0
40.0
34.0
71.7
82.0
30.0
79.0
96.0
43.0
57.0
55.0
7.0
3.0
34.0
43.0
32.0
84.4
88.0
10.0
93.0
96.0
52.0
..
91
Participating in growth
Table
8.2
Agriculture
Agriculture
Gross Production Index 2004-2006=100
value
added Agriculture
(% of GDP)
total
Crop Livestock Food
Cereal
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010a
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
11.2
Angola
9.8
151.2
163.2
114.3
Excluding South Africa
Benin
..
116.2
117.0
106.5
Excl. S. Africa & Nigeria
Botswana
2.5
113.3
89.8
118.5
Angola
Burkina
..
111.9
111.4
113.1
Benin Faso
Burundi
35.1
49.9
42.9
136.9
Botswana
Cameroon
..
123.3
123.2
123.4
Burkina Faso
Cape
Verde
9.9
120.2
109.5
129.8
Burundi
Central
African Republic
..
114.4
112.9
116.0
Cameroon
Chad
..
102.0
96.8
113.1
Cape Verde
Comoros
..
93.4
91.5
112.1
Central African Republic
Congo,
..
104.2
102.6
117.2
Chad Dem. Rep.
Congo,
Rep.
3.8
124.7
115.0
157.3
Comoros
Cte
d'Ivoire
22.8
105.8
104.6
120.1
Congo,
Dem. Rep.
Equatorial
Guinea
..
108.2
108.3
107.6
Congo, Rep.
Eritrea
..
101.3
81.4
117.7
Cte dIvoire
Ethiopia
47.7
125.1
127.5
119.6
Equatorial Guinea
Gabon
4.1
110.5
109.3
113.9
Eritrea
Gambia,
28.5
133.3
138.7
107.9
Ethiopia The
Ghana
29.9
125.2
124.9
128.8
Gabon
Guinea
13.0
113.1
110.9
129.2
Gambia, The
Guinea-Bissau
..
119.9
120.4
117.6
Ghana
Kenya
25.2
123.5
112.9
136.0
Guinea
Lesotho
8.6
112.2
116.7
109.3
Guinea-Bissau
Liberia
..
101.6
97.6
134.1
Kenya
Madagascar
..
121.6
121.7
121.4
Lesotho
Malawi
..
165.9
166.2
162.4
Liberia
Mali
..
147.9
152.0
140.6
Madagascar
Mauritania
17.2
112.8
145.0
107.1
Malawi
Mauritius
3.7
97.1
89.1
121.2
Mali
Mozambique
31.9
114.9
117.8
100.7
Mauritania
Namibia
7.5
93.1
111.1
87.4
Mauritius
Niger
..
155.2
176.4
131.6
Mozambique
Nigeria
..
89.4
86.9
115.2
Namibia
Rwanda
32.2
137.1
137.3
135.5
Niger
So
Tom and Prncipe
..
110.0
109.8
112.2
Nigeria
Senegal
17.4
151.8
158.6
134.7
Rwanda
Seychelles
..
76.9
70.4
81.2
So Tom and Prncipe
Sierra
Leone
49.0
113.8
112.2
127.6
Senegal
Somalia
..
114.5
100.0
116.7
Seychelles
South
Africa
2.5
120.4
107.0
136.2
Sierra Leone
Sudan
23.6
118.6
97.5
129.5
Somalia
Swaziland
8.0
103.9
101.8
111.8
South Africa
Tanzania
28.1
110.0
109.7
111.1
Sudan
Togo
42.8
119.9
119.0
126.0
Swaziland
Uganda
24.3
108.1
107.1
112.6
Tanzania
Zambia
9.2
142.9
161.2
108.7
Togo
Zimbabwe
16.0
96.6
89.0
107.4
Uganda
NORTH
11.9
Zambia AFRICA
Algeria
6.9
123.6
131.5
110.2
Zimbabwe
Djibouti
..
207.5
114.4
223.1
NORTH AFRICA
Egypt,
14.0
110.0
105.5
123.9
AlgeriaArab Rep.
Libya
..
111.6
108.7
116.5
Djibouti
Morocco
15.4
125.7
123.0
131.9
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Tunisia
8.0
103.1
100.8
110.0
Libya
Morocco
a. Provisional.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
Tunisia
AFRICA
151.8
122.2
113.7
118.8
49.8
125.7
120.2
114.3
106.5
93.4
104.1
125.1
105.9
112.1
101.2
124.7
109.6
133.3
125.1
113.0
120.4
124.9
112.8
122.2
121.5
164.6
161.0
112.8
97.1
113.4
93.6
155.5
89.3
136.9
110.0
153.6
79.4
116.1
114.4
121.1
119.5
104.2
109.7
126.9
108.2
143.8
95.8
144.4
149.3
219.4
133.4
112.7
146.9
128.4
104.9
118.6
102.5
100.4
112.6
100.6
..
95.6
126.5
120.2
181.3
156.2
129.8
132.8
115.3
153.3
207.2
141.4
209.3
201.0
180.3
254.6
181.2
95.6
148.0
73.8
189.4
130.0
170.7
..
116.4
77.5
123.2
69.3
97.8
117.0
126.6
123.7
229.2
78.8
123.7
207.5
110.9
111.9
125.9
103.2
120.9
100.0
84.2
97.3
105.1
56.1
Cereal
(thousands of metric tons)
Production Exports Imports
2010
2009
2009
123,058
1,136
1,555
61
4,523
313
2,805
8
239
1,912
26
1,528
25
1,461
..
247
15,638
41
364
2,907
2,859
237
4,100
173
296
5,164
4,039
6,418
276
1
2,506
116
5,204
19,512
746
4
1,768
..
1,008
258
14,733
3,562
69
6,688
1,046
2,963
3,098
1,429
33,256
4,686
0
19,408
218
7,834
1,109
2,534
1
4
7
18
0
0
5
0
127
..
1
0
1
0
15
19
0
0
1
15
4
..
42
16
3
30
5
0
0
104
0
0
1,824
9
1
71
32
105
71
0
910
6
774
1
100
30
28,745
700
271
209
375
67
907
135
42
195
46
479
40
1,665
25
127
2,229
133
219
835
413
25
2,711
254
192
221
215
263
556
328
804
119
172
4,035
131
18
1,348
17
88
516
2,153
2,329
159
950
163
514
70
1,277
22,860
7,910
193
6,043
2,317
4,415
1,981
Trade
Agricultural
Food
Exports
Imports
Exports
Imports
($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions) ($ millions)
2009
2009
2009
2009
26,440
9
432
177
364
60
970
1
19
76
10
55
29
5,101
2
15
1,318
27
49
1,655
55
102
2,479
1
83
187
1,038
203
24
307
308
228
90
985
82
6
303
5
26
88
5,458
563
222
827
372
774
390
860
7,747
124
63
4,522
9
1,811
1,218
31,202
2,061
734
616
312
81
799
202
67
148
52
859
92
1,342
84
77
1,184
412
134
1,281
306
65
1,618
144
167
333
281
413
504
669
663
349
273
4,244
164
35
1,190
78
143
418
4,362
1,503
219
604
208
542
248
926
22,012
6,459
440
7,605
2,079
3,785
1,644
16,849
8
321
150
104
6
749
0
17
54
10
13
11
4,272
2
15
774
2
44
1,607
25
101
589
1
11
166
160
127
18
261
155
182
80
819
7
6
192
1
23
87
3,852
451
208
316
325
208
205
115
6,631
98
62
3,806
1
1,585
1,079
25,748
1,555
683
473
244
76
722
169
59
120
49
756
78
1,157
51
76
1,109
332
105
1,167
261
48
1,473
116
145
278
209
341
438
517
582
209
203
3,789
146
28
1,074
67
123
355
2,742
1,259
178
530
187
463
182
825
18,236
5,470
397
6,329
1,895
2,904
1,241
Note:
92
Cereal
cropland
2009
1.0
0.2
2.7
0.0
0.2
13.6
3.0
0.7
0.1
0.0
32.3
0.3
0.2
13.5
2.5
0.0
1.0
0.6
0.5
12.3
2.8
8.9
1.1
0.1
2.2
1.0
1.3
0.1
0.0
2.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
3.3
11.4
46.9
0.3
4.4
1.8
0.0
0.8
0.1
0.9
1.7
3.3
11.3
0.1
0.3
0.9
0.4
..
0.8
0.2
2.2
14.4
4.0
1.4
10.0
0.2
15.7
9.1
3.5
8.5
0.3
2.0
12.0
0.9
0.1
2.7
..
4.6
9.3
0.1
32.3
7.0
8.3
5.4
4.5
6.3
2.6
3.0
19.5
3.3
0.3
0.1
3.2
0.4
8.4
15.2
15.7
1.3
7.7
..
9.1
1.0
2.9
3.3
3.3
5.7
16.2
9.4
1.6
4.9
2.1
1.3
0.0
3.0
0.2
11.3
4.2
Agricultural
irrigated land
(% of
agriculturalland)
200008b
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
..
..
2.2
..
..
..
21.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.7
..
..
..
..
1.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.1
..
..
..
4.4
4.0
Fertilizer
consumption
(100 grams
per hectare of
arable land)
2009
10.5
1.1
..
..
9.1
0.9
7.4
..
..
..
..
0.5
1.1
15.9
..
..
7.9
6.1
6.8
11.9
0.6
..
32.5
..
..
2.6
26.6
3.2
..
209.5
..
1.6
0.1
2.1
1.1
..
5.0
36.0
..
..
49.2
7.9
..
8.7
3.3
2.1
27.3
28.0
..
7.8
..
502.8
40.3
20.8
42.3
Agricultural
machinery
(tractors per 100 sq
km of arable land)
200008b
Agricultural
employment
(% of total
employment)
200010 b
..
..
134.8
..
..
..
11.2
..
..
..
..
..
32.1
..
8.3
..
..
..
4.5
25.1
..
25.2
..
..
1.9
..
2.2
9.8
..
..
..
..
6.6
0.5
..
2.1
..
..
12.0
43.0
13.8
87.1
23.3
0.6
..
..
..
..
42.7
29.9
84.8
..
61.3
..
..
..
..
..
35.4
..
..
..
79.3
24.2
..
57.2
..
..
61.1
..
48.9
80.4
..
66.0
..
8.7
80.5
16.3
56.9
44.6
78.8
27.9
33.7
..
68.5
..
5.1
..
..
76.5
54.1
65.6
72.2
64.8
139.6
60.0
390.6
218.9
..
142.6
20.7
..
31.6
..
40.9
..
Agriculture value
added per worker
(2000 US$)
2010
..
333
..
534
..
84
..
3,335
..
..
..
..
..
1,056
..
..
226
1,825
440
..
242
..
351
215
672
..
169
..
813
5,692
234
881
..
..
..
..
271
..
..
..
3,951
929
1,213
289
531
200
214
161
3,028
2,254
..
3,265
..
3,315
3,050
Cereal yield
(kilograms per
hectare)
2010
1,336
644
1,402
544
1,054
1,346
1,711
222
1,466
775
1,157
772
785
1,717
..
536
1,674
1,782
1,127
1,814
1,409
1,555
1,613
909
1,179
2,987
2,206
1,615
946
10,000
1,006
373
490
1,413
1,930
3,000
1,197
..
1,554
432
4,162
452
1,226
1,333
1,187
1,608
2,547
752
2,772
1,568
1,111
6,541
662
1,548
1,702
93
Participating in growth
Table
8.3
1991
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cote d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
94
Rice, paddy
(per tonne, current US$)
1995
2000
2005
2009
1991
Maize
(per tonne, current US$)
1995
2000
2005
2009
..
..
..
351.5
220.4
177.2
..
..
..
..
..
265.9
212.7
..
..
..
..
170.4
416.9
220.2
..
72.7
..
..
119.9
139.1
223.3
..
..
181.1
..
260.4
761.3
199.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
962.2
..
..
283.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
245.6
272.3
136.2
..
..
..
..
..
150.3
220.4
..
..
260.8
..
206.2
393.3
245.1
..
107.2
..
..
170.0
117.8
236.4
..
..
135.8
..
214.4
652.2
873.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
205.2
..
..
232.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
119.4
277.5
144.6
..
..
..
..
..
178.4
154.5
..
..
201.6
..
136.9
306.6
405.5
351.1
299.9
..
..
190.6
594.4
154.5
..
..
90.6
..
154.5
279.4
582.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
388.9
..
..
165.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
392.2
609.2
269.1
..
..
..
..
..
220.1
222.2
..
..
127.7
..
175.0
577.8
138.2
474.8
378.8
..
..
203.4
718.5
269.7
..
..
163.3
..
201.0
545.1
480.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
497.3
..
..
258.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
643.6
841.0
309.7
..
..
..
..
..
313.2
586.7
..
..
1,028.1
..
222.7
506.8
178.5
962.5
749.8
..
..
314.5
1,293.9
316.4
..
..
322.3
..
259.8
426.9
1,094.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,270.4
..
..
341.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
212.7
270.0
283.6
313.9
..
..
..
..
212.7
159.5
..
..
..
..
211.3
188.9
191.0
..
104.3
..
..
337.8
96.3
134.7
..
303.5
132.7
166.6
163.0
334.8
259.0
..
..
..
..
..
129.3
1,538.6
..
..
205.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
148.5
208.2
152.3
432.0
..
..
..
..
200.3
162.9
..
295.1
154.3
..
419.0
215.1
245.1
76.2
155.6
..
..
178.6
47.1
166.3
..
287.6
92.4
193.3
138.2
661.3
194.5
..
..
..
..
..
159.1
328.1
..
..
190.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
91.3
253.0
163.7
247.9
..
..
..
..
262.6
119.4
..
354.3
119.3
..
134.5
171.7
166.7
842.7
190.3
..
..
143.8
111.9
107.7
..
171.4
51.8
145.1
118.0
198.4
211.0
..
..
..
..
..
78.5
621.9
..
..
120.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
192.4
314.3
113.2
334.6
..
..
..
..
359.6
233.0
..
347.0
144.7
..
311.2
366.5
152.0
1,168.0
201.7
..
..
152.8
184.7
197.5
..
185.9
154.5
276.6
173.0
477.5
104.2
..
..
..
..
..
99.3
184.6
..
..
294.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
259.9
336.9
129.1
449.5
..
..
..
..
507.2
331.3
..
573.6
388.5
..
252.9
384.8
149.6
1,324.2
309.3
..
..
220.4
365.1
176.2
..
190.6
298.3
281.8
226.0
401.3
434.1
..
..
..
..
..
156.3
427.6
..
..
350.3
..
..
..
270.7
..
127.5
..
436.5
..
544.5
..
193.4
..
445.0
..
344.8
..
167.9
..
276.4
..
421.4
..
185.0
..
325.2
..
516.7
..
211.0
..
294.7
..
173.2
..
140.5
..
242.3
..
335.7
..
151.5
..
292.7
..
212.6
..
174.8
..
223.0
..
259.8
..
179.3
..
225.8
..
318.6
..
208.0
..
272.4
..
1991
1995
Sorghum
(per tonne, current US$)
2000
..
..
..
212.7
330.6
177.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
342.4
..
..
..
..
213.6
217.5
187.0
..
207.7
..
..
..
176.6
145.3
..
..
63.9
147.8
140.2
368.1
234.0
..
..
..
..
..
106.8
943.0
..
..
237.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
134.4
328.3
160.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
252.2
..
212.4
193.2
..
193.3
212.9
263.8
..
194.1
..
..
..
72.0
198.3
..
..
47.9
182.0
96.2
847.7
450.1
..
..
..
..
..
132.9
92.7
..
..
246.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
84.3
374.7
313.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
2,103.1
..
284.7
142.1
..
129.0
153.1
179.4
351.1
204.1
..
..
..
500.6
87.4
..
..
51.8
157.4
77.3
190.3
211.0
..
..
..
..
..
74.9
165.6
..
..
140.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
178.7
324.2
217.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
336.6
..
391.7
188.7
..
334.3
424.4
120.7
854.6
331.8
..
..
..
514.4
233.6
..
..
141.3
263.2
117.4
509.0
138.8
..
..
..
..
..
70.9
335.2
..
..
364.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
217.8
439.5
247.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
293.4
..
657.5
487.9
..
272.8
469.5
164.1
1,235.1
472.1
..
..
..
753.2
235.7
..
..
216.4
262.2
153.9
290.8
434.1
..
..
..
..
..
179.0
312.7
..
..
378.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
212.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
460.8
..
..
..
..
218.8
308.6
..
..
256.6
..
..
..
133.2
156.0
..
..
..
147.8
150.1
339.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,206.4
..
..
265.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
152.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
391.3
..
337.2
216.0
..
388.9
245.0
..
..
361.3
..
..
..
65.1
194.3
..
..
..
209.5
96.2
413.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
278.6
..
..
238.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
84.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
245.7
..
434.3
144.8
..
128.2
205.9
..
..
311.1
..
..
..
518.6
85.1
..
..
..
157.4
108.2
184.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
655.1
..
..
122.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
178.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
415.4
..
645.3
170.0
..
310.1
495.3
..
..
485.5
..
..
..
642.7
254.5
..
..
..
263.2
135.1
493.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
433.6
..
..
305.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
210.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
307.4
..
1,070.2
507.9
..
229.9
570.0
..
..
672.6
..
..
..
1,071.8
286.6
..
..
..
262.2
175.5
323.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,065.2
..
..
361.0
..
..
..
152.3
..
141.2
..
218.2
..
207.7
..
166.9
..
402.8
..
131.5
..
184.0
..
218.3
..
160.8
..
186.7
..
292.5
..
197.1
..
251.4
..
370.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2005
2009
1991
1995
Millet
(per tonne, current US$)
2000
2005
2009
95
Participating in growth
Table
8.4
Environment
Renewable internal
fresh water resources
Annual
fresh water
Total
Forest area (billions Per capita withdrawals
(cubic
(billions of
(% of land of cubic
meters) cubic meters)
meters)
area)
1990 2010
2009
2009
2009
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
31.2
48.9
52.1
24.2
25.0
11.3
51.4
14.4
37.3
10.4
6.5
70.7
66.6
32.1
66.3
16.1
13.7
85.4
44.2
32.7
29.6
78.8
6.5
1.3
51.2
23.5
41.3
11.5
0.4
19.2
55.2
10.6
1.5
18.9
12.9
28.1
48.6
89.1
43.5
13.2
6.8
32.2
27.4
46.8
12.6
23.8
71.0
57.3
1.3
0.7
0.3
0.0
0.1
11.3
4.1
28.0
46.9
41.2
20.0
20.7
6.7
42.1
21.1
36.3
9.2
1.6
68.0
65.6
32.7
58.0
15.2
12.3
85.4
48.0
21.7
26.6
71.9
6.1
1.5
44.9
21.6
34.3
10.2
0.2
17.2
49.6
8.9
1.0
9.9
17.6
28.1
44.0
89.1
38.1
10.8
4.7
29.4
32.7
37.7
5.3
15.0
66.5
40.4
1.4
0.6
0.3
0.1
0.1
11.5
6.5
3,884
148
10
2
13
10
273
0
141
15
1
900
222
77
26
3
122
164
3
30
226
16
21
5
200
337
16
60
0
3
100
6
4
221
10
2
26
..
160
6
45
30
3
84
12
39
80
12
47
11
0
2
1
29
4
4,708
7,976
1,197
1,211
782
1,231
14,237
610
32,653
1,371
1,677
14,018
56,324
3,971
38,173
549
1,503
110,997
1,784
1,272
23,153
10,781
525
2,433
52,139
16,746
1,118
4,024
118
2,158
4,388
2,747
234
1,431
921
13,414
2,131
..
27,878
658
908
706
2,530
1,930
1,949
1,205
6,303
983
288
322
344
23
96
917
402
124.6
0.6
0.1
0.2
1.0
0.3
1.0
0.0
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.6
0.1
1.4
0.0
0.6
5.6
0.1
0.1
1.0
1.6
0.2
2.7
0.1
0.2
14.7
1.0
6.6
1.6
0.7
0.7
0.3
2.4
10.3
0.2
0.0
2.2
0.0
0.5
3.3
12.5
37.1
1.0
5.2
0.2
0.3
1.7
4.2
94.3
6.2
0.0
68.3
4.3
12.6
2.9
Water
productivity
(2000 $ per
cubic meter
of freshwater
withdrawal)
2009
4.3
39.5
24.9
40.5
4.4
3.9
14.1
42.0
15.3
8.1
24.2
10.4
101.3
8.0
346.3
1.3
3.0
45.8
16.1
8.3
3.3
1.4
6.6
20.4
5.3
0.3
2.7
0.6
1.3
8.8
11.3
19.3
1.1
7.7
22.3
..
3.0
52.0
3.0
..
14.6
0.6
1.8
3.6
9.1
36.4
3.0
0.9
3.9
12.4
41.1
2.2
11.4
4.6
11.3
Water pollution
Emissions of
organic water
Energy production
pollutants
(kilotons of oil
(kilograms
equivalent)
per day)
a
1990
2009
200007
..
..
3,246
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2,540
32,159
..
..
16,048
..
..
..
5,252
..
92,770
32,672
..
..
15,446
..
..
..
..
..
..
6,621
..
..
..
229,582
38,567
..
30,322
..
2,105
..
..
..
..
..
..
73,989
..
474,530
28,652
1,774
910
..
..
10,976
..
..
..
..
12,019
8,746
3,382
..
..
14,052
14,630
..
4,392
..
..
9,013
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5,608
..
..
150,452
..
..
964
..
..
..
114,535
8,775
..
9,064
1,054
..
4,918
8,550
235,228
100,114
..
54,869
73,173
773
5,728
Energy
Energy use
(kilotons of oil
equivalent)
1990
2009
Combustible
renewables and waste
(% of total energy use)
1990
2009
55.9
73.5
94.2
33.4
..
..
76.7
..
..
..
..
84.7
59.5
73.5
..
..
93.9
62.9
..
73.7
..
..
77.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
93.9
..
..
80.2
..
..
56.7
..
..
..
11.1
81.8
..
91.7
82.8
..
74.3
50.9
2.8
0.1
..
3.3
1.1
4.6
12.9
57.3
60.1
57.4
23.6
..
..
64.1
..
..
..
..
93.7
51.1
75.2
..
77.4
92.0
61.8
..
69.8
..
..
76.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
81.8
12.0
..
84.9
..
..
41.1
..
..
..
9.8
68.0
..
87.7
83.1
..
80.9
65.6
2.3
0.1
..
2.2
0.8
3.2
14.1
a. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
b. Hydrouorocarbons, peruorocarbons, and sulphur hexauoride.
96
Methane
Carbon dioxide
(thousands of
metric tons)
1990
2008
462,711
4,430
715
2,178
587
304
1,738
88
198
147
77
4,070
1,188
5,798
121
..
3,018
4,844
191
3,931
1,056
253
5,823
..
484
986
612
422
2,666
1,463
1,001
7
832
45,375
682
66
3,183
114
389
18
333,514
5,559
425
2,373
774
818
2,446
15,504
232,367
78,896
400
75,944
40,319
23,542
13,267
687,172
24,371
4,067
4,840
1,856
180
5,302
308
260
495
125
2,816
1,936
7,015
4,815
414
7,107
2,472
411
8,592
1,393
282
10,392
..
609
1,911
1,228
594
1,999
3,953
2,314
3,968
851
95,756
704
128
4,976
682
1,335
649
435,878
14,052
1,093
6,465
1,419
3,748
1,889
9,076
453,399
111,304
524
210,321
58,331
47,906
25,013
Total
(kilotons of
carbon dioxide
equivalent)
1990
2005
..
..
49,530 45,409
4,847 4,080
5,812 4,501
..
..
..
..
13,503 18,518
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
96,593 56,445
6,231 5,584
11,243 10,997
..
..
1,884 2,467
39,325 52,243
8,103 8,218
..
..
7,238 8,990
..
..
..
..
17,952 22,130
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10,863 12,843
3,435 5,057
..
..
117,467 130,317
..
..
..
..
5,277
7,129
..
..
..
..
..
..
51,179 63,785
43,370 67,441
..
..
25,817 32,024
2,752 2,889
..
..
26,944 19,294
10,112 9,539
104,128 134,629
40,726 54,219
..
..
27,839 46,996
22,473 14,682
9,132 10,573
3,958 8,160
Agricultural
(% of total)
1990 2005
Industrial
(% of total)
1990 2005
44.0
26.4
36.7
90.5
..
..
55.2
..
..
..
..
25.6
37.3
18.3
..
78.7
81.6
0.9
..
49.0
..
..
74.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
66.3
95.8
..
18.5
..
..
68.8
..
..
..
37.3
87.1
..
73.9
52.9
..
66.1
79.1
21.7
9.1
..
38.0
4.9
58.8
44.9
32.1
21.6
16.1
7.7
..
..
20.2
..
..
..
..
47.9
10.4
18.9
..
11.0
9.3
46.5
..
13.8
..
..
15.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
17.5
3.7
..
47.3
..
..
4.5
..
..
..
52.4
21.4
..
21.3
18.4
..
8.2
22.2
51.5
61.2
..
33.4
79.1
6.2
26.2
44.0
27.9
47.8
84.1
..
..
42.4
..
..
..
..
23.1
31.9
17.4
..
73.2
72.5
1.2
..
39.5
..
..
65.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
44.2
94.9
..
19.8
..
..
68.3
..
..
..
31.4
85.2
..
63.2
39.9
..
59.3
73.3
20.6
8.2
..
31.7
5.7
51.8
25.5
30.2
11.6
8.9
17.9
..
..
17.9
..
..
..
..
49.6
7.7
11.2
..
7.5
10.0
79.9
..
10.7
..
..
18.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
16.9
4.7
..
45.5
..
..
4.7
..
..
..
54.3
21.5
..
20.3
14.8
..
5.7
24.8
48.2
66.3
..
31.2
77.6
2.6
32.1
Total
(metric tons of
carbon dioxide
equivalent)
1990 2005
..
41,667
3,695
5,511
..
..
10,530
..
..
..
..
87,098
4,307
7,485
..
1,028
25,545
305
..
5,187
..
..
9,222
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
10,881
2,580
..
19,153
..
..
2,976
..
..
..
21,300
36,669
..
21,468
2,209
..
35,669
7,284
24,023
3,843
..
11,818
1,176
5,180
2,006
..
38,881
2,902
3,081
..
..
9,127
..
..
..
..
54,643
3,566
7,364
..
1,189
30,510
482
..
4,899
..
..
10,542
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9,501
3,797
..
21,565
..
..
4,083
..
..
..
24,048
49,472
..
21,647
1,738
..
25,068
6,114
33,358
4,898
..
18,996
1,285
5,814
2,366
Agricultural
(% of total)
1990 2005
Industrial
(% of total)
1990 2005
Other greenhouse
ODA gross
gasesb
disbursements
(thousands of
ODA gross
for general
metric tons of disbursements environment
carbon dioxide
for forestry
protection
equivalent)
($ millions)
($ millions)
1990
2005
2010
2010
64.5
39.2
50.5
90.9
..
..
68.1
..
..
..
..
37.9
48.6
22.7
..
93.0
91.9
25.6
..
75.5
..
..
91.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
82.0
93.2
..
82.1
..
..
88.1
..
..
..
63.3
92.0
..
82.8
74.3
..
75.2
84.2
72.0
64.3
..
71.5
67.2
85.1
59.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
3.6
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
5.9
5.6
4.4
..
8.2
0.0
0.0
10.6
..
0
0
0
..
..
932
..
..
..
..
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
..
596
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
0
..
242
..
..
0
..
..
..
1,491
0
..
0
0
..
0
0
2,668
326
..
2,059
282
0
0
66.1
38.4
61.5
92.0
..
..
75.9
..
..
..
..
31.3
51.8
29.3
..
90.9
88.8
23.3
..
70.5
..
..
88.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
71.4
94.3
..
77.3
..
..
88.5
..
..
..
59.8
92.6
..
78.8
67.5
..
71.7
85.2
75.3
58.6
..
80.0
51.9
82.6
66.4
0.8
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
7.3
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
3.7
0.0
7.9
7.2
..
11.5
0.0
0.0
4.2
..
20
0
0
..
..
419
..
..
..
..
0
5
0
..
0
10
9
..
15
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
282
0
..
669
..
..
0
..
..
..
2,552
0
..
0
0
..
0
0
3,950
489
..
3,181
280
0
0
245.8
0.5
0.6
0.1
3.8
0.0
12.2
0.5
1.4
0.0
0.0
15.8
0.8
17.1
0.1
0.8
26.1
8.0
0.1
15.6
1.1
0.1
22.0
0.1
0.2
1.3
20.7
2.2
0.0
..
13.4
1.0
0.1
0.5
1.4
0.0
0.3
..
0.0
..
8.2
4.5
0.0
3.5
0.0
4.8
0.5
0.0
4.5
0.0
0.1
0.0
..
0.3
3.4
683.0
2.6
20.2
3.9
13.9
5.5
20.4
9.2
0.7
6.7
1.2
35.9
11.3
4.9
0.3
0.7
16.9
7.6
6.3
29.1
1.3
2.0
62.0
0.8
4.9
12.4
13.7
10.7
9.0
37.9
16.8
13.6
6.4
8.0
8.7
0.2
43.8
0.1
2.6
0.0
27.5
10.2
0.3
30.1
9.2
13.9
10.3
0.9
71.4
4.6
0.4
12.6
0.0
25.5
23.1
97
Participating in growth
Table
8.5
647,225
19,156
2,567
4,525
1,126
165
3,696
293
235
400
110
2,369
1,606
7,825
4,712
766
5,490
1,786
323
7,008
1,360
264
8,562
..
741
1,705
917
568
1,657
3,410
1,823
2,659
825
104,044
689
128
5,860
697
1,261
579
408,199
11,995
1,019
5,086
1,338
2,340
2,259
10,774
399,960
107,128
473
174,641
52,093
42,823
22,801
687,172
24,371
4,067
4,840
1,856
180
5,302
308
260
495
125
2,816
1,936
7,015
4,815
414
7,107
2,472
411
8,592
1,393
282
10,392
..
609
1,911
1,228
594
1,999
3,953
2,314
3,968
851
95,756
704
128
4,976
682
1,335
649
435,878
14,052
1,093
6,465
1,419
3,748
1,889
9,076
453,399
111,304
524
210,321
58,331
47,906
25,013
1990
Per capita
(metric tons)
2005
2008
0.9
0.4
0.2
1.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.5
0.3
..
0.1
5.2
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.3
0.3
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.1
1.3
1.4
0.1
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.1
0.6
0.4
1.6
0.1
0.0
9.5
0.2
0.5
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.3
1.5
1.9
3.1
0.7
1.3
9.3
1.0
1.6
0.9
1.2
0.3
2.4
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.1
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.5
0.4
7.8
0.2
0.1
1.3
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.2
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.5
2.7
0.1
1.3
0.1
0.7
0.1
0.8
0.5
8.4
0.2
0.1
8.7
0.3
1.0
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.9
2.6
3.3
0.6
2.4
9.0
1.4
2.3
0.9
1.4
0.5
2.5
0.1
0.0
0.3
0.6
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.1
0.5
0.4
7.3
0.1
0.1
1.7
0.3
0.4
0.2
0.2
0.3
..
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.6
3.1
0.1
1.8
0.1
0.6
0.1
0.8
0.4
7.8
0.2
0.1
8.9
0.3
1.1
0.2
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.7
2.8
3.2
0.6
2.7
9.5
1.5
2.4
1990
Total
2005
2008
129,277
1,208
195
594
160
83
..
24
54
40
21
1,110
324
1,581
33
..
823
1,321
52
1,072
288
69
1,588
..
132
269
167
115
727
399
273
2
227
12,374
186
18
868
31
106
5
90,950
1,516
116
647
211
223
667
4,228
63,367
21,515
109
20,710
10,995
6,420
3,618
180,471
5,224
700
1,234
307
45
..
80
64
109
30
646
438
2,134
1,285
209
1,497
487
88
1,911
371
72
2,335
..
202
465
250
155
452
930
497
725
225
28,373
188
35
1,598
190
344
158
111,317
3,271
278
1,387
365
638
616
2,938
109,070
29,214
129
47,625
14,206
11,678
6,218
191,223
6,646
1,109
1,320
506
49
..
84
71
135
34
768
528
1,913
1,313
113
1,938
674
112
2,343
380
77
2,834
..
166
521
335
162
545
1,078
631
1,082
232
26,113
192
35
1,357
186
364
177
118,865
3,832
298
1,763
387
1,022
515
2,475
123,643
30,353
143
57,355
15,907
13,064
6,821
1990
Solid fuel
consumption
2005
2008
110,635
0
0
592
0
4
..
0
0
0
0
209
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
2
0
0
110
..
0
9
13
0
4
54
42
0
88
35
0
0
0
0
0
0
72,352
0
116
3
0
0
227
3,662
3,576
825
0
917
4
1,278
72
142,854
0
0
702
0
2
..
0
0
0
0
273
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
91
..
0
12
43
0
0
264
0
14
103
8
0
0
114
0
0
0
95,970
0
104
54
0
0
85
2,315
6,204
666
0
837
0
3,844
0
149,617
0
0
624
0
4
..
0
0
0
0
317
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
112
..
0
9
37
0
0
471
7
299
104
8
0
0
184
0
0
0
100,605
0
112
65
0
0
1
1,943
6,228
793
0
787
0
3,788
0
98
41,937
489
154
2
160
79
..
24
54
40
21
838
265
1,513
33
..
777
244
52
978
288
69
1,273
..
125
252
141
112
709
345
220
2
136
9,823
177
18
801
31
106
0
16,596
1,493
0
571
157
219
381
471
34,280
6,835
109
14,323
6,058
4,541
2,414
46,087
1,292
666
532
303
43
..
80
64
109
30
373
358
1,136
142
203
1,284
387
87
1,653
322
72
1,956
..
182
433
184
155
411
666
392
711
115
10,616
173
35
1,120
190
321
158
11,519
3,226
173
962
256
552
471
542
51,706
8,413
129
24,317
9,347
6,102
3,398
50,785
2,476
891
696
502
45
..
84
71
135
34
447
444
995
166
107
1,690
539
111
2,085
331
77
2,296
..
144
475
265
162
501
607
472
783
121
8,695
177
35
733
186
332
177
13,846
3,787
186
1,192
278
934
419
478
61,967
11,299
143
29,438
10,217
7,484
3,386
..
276
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
..
0
138
0
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2,041
0
0
3
0
0
0
940
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
17,525
10,619
0
3,552
2,599
30
682
..
341
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
12
910
605
0
0
65
1
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
38
0
0
5,307
0
0
7
0
0
0
2,269
0
0
185
0
0
0
0
39,938
16,706
0
18,057
3,010
237
1,831
..
347
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
4
13
829
865
0
0
104
1
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
53
0
0
6,718
0
0
6
0
0
0
2,601
0
0
287
0
0
0
0
40,510
13,295
0
21,690
2,806
296
2,325
..
409
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
46
0
0
..
0
924
0
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
2,373
0
0
1,969
0
1
..
3,412
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
538
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
12,075
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
1,688
0
0
1,357
0
79
2008
1990
..
3,633
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
283
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
10,013
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
..
2,600
0
0
2,068
0
82
2,901
35
41
0
0
0
..
0
0
0
0
63
12
68
0
..
46
16
0
92
0
0
205
..
7
8
13
3
14
0
11
0
3
476
8
0
64
0
0
5
1,062
23
0
73
54
4
59
95
4,177
862
0
1,918
367
571
449
Cement production
2005
2008
4,842
179
34
0
4
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
69
88
0
6
213
35
0
258
49
0
289
..
20
20
23
0
41
0
67
0
7
367
14
0
357
0
23
0
1,559
45
0
186
109
86
59
82
9,075
1,741
0
4,414
492
1,496
910
6,113
190
218
0
4
0
..
0
0
0
0
0
71
88
0
6
248
31
0
258
49
0
426
..
22
37
33
0
44
0
99
0
7
680
14
0
435
0
32
0
1,814
45
0
218
109
88
95
54
11,173
2,366
0
5,440
816
1,496
1,028
99
Participating in growth
Table
9.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
100
2000
Total
(in thousands)
2005
2010
255,432
5,198
2,561
817
5,502
2,916
6,195
163
1,678
3,217
180
18,514
1,250
6,385
260
1,660
28,965
443
544
8,426
3,294
498
11,858
848
964
7,300
4,819
3,056
760
527
8,727
638
3,528
39,248
3,798
45
3,950
..
1,561
2,347
15,233
8,318
315
16,702
2,151
10,128
4,476
5,469
44,267
8,796
210
20,077
1,801
10,197
3,186
293,820
6,063
3,049
924
6,433
3,518
7,147
193
1,840
3,827
210
21,499
1,441
6,989
313
2,179
34,881
505
640
9,112
3,619
568
13,236
850
1,088
8,584
5,718
3,609
934
550
9,882
782
4,284
43,730
4,497
52
4,617
..
1,977
2,639
17,212
9,561
333
19,283
2,536
11,451
4,951
6,517
50,735
9,983
248
23,941
2,127
10,995
3,441
337,519
7,106
3,618
1,037
7,544
4,312
8,210
225
2,065
4,423
242
25,266
1,693
7,788
369
2,596
40,781
588
751
10,366
4,092
648
15,456
894
1,374
10,148
6,708
4,297
1,117
595
11,077
929
5,114
50,280
5,228
59
5,385
..
2,261
2,924
18,163
10,791
368
22,138
2,939
13,426
5,511
6,617
56,192
11,204
292
27,104
2,379
11,386
3,827
2000
Labor force
Male
(% of total labor force)
2005
2010
55.0
51.6
53.5
53.1
51.8
46.8
54.9
61.9
53.6
54.5
72.0
49.9
51.9
65.0
55.7
52.7
54.8
54.5
53.0
51.9
55.4
54.5
53.2
51.0
51.0
51.3
50.3
62.5
76.7
65.5
45.0
55.6
69.1
59.9
47.7
64.7
57.1
..
46.8
67.2
56.9
72.1
59.7
50.3
51.0
50.0
52.8
53.6
78.1
86.3
67.6
78.5
73.9
72.1
75.1
54.2
53.1
52.5
53.3
52.2
47.4
54.6
61.7
53.2
54.6
70.9
49.8
51.2
63.8
55.5
51.7
53.1
53.8
52.5
52.1
55.3
53.4
53.5
52.5
51.3
51.1
51.5
63.9
74.9
64.2
45.7
54.2
69.1
56.7
47.8
63.9
56.6
..
48.8
66.9
56.3
71.8
60.1
49.9
49.5
50.5
53.7
51.2
77.8
85.0
66.3
78.6
72.1
72.3
73.6
54.3
54.1
52.5
53.7
52.4
47.9
54.3
61.6
52.9
54.7
69.8
50.2
51.5
62.6
55.3
51.4
52.8
53.7
52.1
52.4
54.8
52.7
53.6
54.0
52.3
51.1
48.5
64.5
73.5
62.4
46.4
53.7
68.8
57.2
48.2
62.8
56.1
..
49.3
66.4
57.2
71.3
60.3
50.2
49.5
50.7
53.9
50.7
76.3
83.1
65.2
75.8
72.0
72.9
73.1
2000
Female
(% of total labor force)
2005
2010
45.0
48.4
46.6
46.9
48.2
53.2
45.1
38.2
46.4
45.5
28.0
50.1
48.1
35.0
44.3
47.4
45.2
45.6
47.0
48.2
44.6
45.5
46.8
49.1
49.0
48.7
49.7
37.5
23.3
34.5
55.0
44.4
31.0
40.1
52.3
35.3
42.9
..
53.2
32.8
43.1
27.9
40.3
49.7
49.0
50.0
47.2
46.4
21.9
13.7
32.4
21.5
26.1
27.9
24.9
45.8
46.9
47.5
46.7
47.8
52.6
45.4
38.3
46.8
45.4
29.1
50.2
48.8
36.2
44.5
48.3
47.0
46.2
47.6
47.9
44.7
46.6
46.6
47.5
48.7
49.0
48.5
36.1
25.1
35.9
54.3
45.9
30.9
43.3
52.2
36.2
43.4
..
51.3
33.1
43.8
28.2
39.9
50.1
50.5
49.5
46.4
48.8
22.2
15.0
33.7
21.4
27.9
27.7
26.4
45.7
45.9
47.5
46.3
47.6
52.1
45.7
38.4
47.1
45.3
30.2
49.9
48.6
37.4
44.7
48.6
47.2
46.3
47.9
47.6
45.2
47.3
46.5
46.0
47.7
48.9
51.5
35.5
26.5
37.7
53.6
46.3
31.2
42.8
51.8
37.2
43.9
..
50.7
33.6
42.8
28.7
39.7
49.8
50.5
49.3
46.1
49.3
23.7
16.9
34.8
24.2
28.0
27.1
26.9
2000
Total
(% of total population)
2005
2010
69.0
71.3
72.2
74.9
83.7
85.0
69.1
63.8
78.2
72.3
54.4
71.7
68.2
66.2
87.1
82.1
81.7
60.8
77.1
74.6
70.8
70.6
68.1
73.5
60.0
86.8
79.2
51.2
50.2
60.6
85.4
56.4
62.7
55.8
85.9
55.7
76.1
..
65.4
56.8
52.2
52.3
56.3
88.8
79.0
81.6
80.2
75.0
47.5
43.8
48.8
46.4
50.9
53.3
47.6
69.2
70.2
72.1
75.7
83.8
83.3
69.7
64.9
78.4
72.2
56.0
71.3
69.5
66.6
86.7
83.7
84.6
60.0
77.4
69.8
71.0
72.1
64.9
68.1
60.3
86.6
82.7
51.8
52.1
58.8
85.5
61.5
64.5
54.7
84.8
57.9
76.4
..
67.2
57.0
53.4
53.0
56.2
89.5
80.2
78.6
79.9
86.6
47.9
43.2
49.9
48.2
53.1
51.9
46.2
69.5
69.7
72.6
76.6
83.8
82.8
70.5
66.4
78.7
72.2
57.5
71.3
70.5
66.8
86.7
84.6
84.0
60.5
77.6
69.2
71.8
72.9
66.3
65.8
60.9
86.1
83.1
52.9
53.7
59.5
84.7
64.0
64.6
55.5
85.8
59.4
76.9
..
67.6
56.9
52.0
53.6
56.6
89.3
80.8
77.9
79.5
86.1
47.8
43.3
51.2
48.8
53.8
49.5
47.4
2000
Participation rate
Male
(% of male population)
2005
2010
76.9
75.4
81.2
80.4
90.6
84.3
76.9
83.8
86.1
80.2
78.6
72.9
71.4
81.9
93.3
90.3
90.9
67.2
83.4
76.6
78.3
78.5
73.2
80.1
61.8
89.7
81.2
66.3
78.1
80.7
82.7
64.5
88.4
66.8
85.4
73.8
88.5
..
63.3
77.8
61.0
75.7
71.7
90.8
82.0
82.6
85.4
81.5
74.7
75.5
66.5
73.1
73.0
78.9
71.6
76.0
76.3
78.6
80.8
90.6
82.3
76.9
83.0
85.5
80.1
79.7
72.3
71.6
81.7
92.5
89.8
91.1
65.0
83.4
72.0
78.3
78.3
69.9
75.3
62.4
89.2
86.3
68.0
78.6
76.8
83.3
68.1
90.6
61.9
83.8
75.6
88.3
..
67.8
77.6
61.5
76.1
70.8
90.5
80.9
80.0
86.0
90.1
75.0
73.2
66.5
75.8
75.3
77.4
68.3
76.1
77.0
78.3
81.5
90.5
81.9
77.3
83.1
85.2
80.2
80.4
72.4
72.7
81.3
92.3
90.0
89.9
64.9
83.2
71.6
78.3
78.2
71.5
73.3
64.0
88.7
81.2
69.7
79.1
75.7
83.0
69.8
90.1
63.0
85.2
76.4
88.3
..
68.9
77.0
60.4
76.5
70.7
90.3
81.2
79.6
85.7
89.5
73.5
71.7
67.0
74.2
76.9
74.7
69.7
2000
Female
(% of female population)
2005
2010
61.3
67.4
64.0
69.5
77.3
85.6
61.6
46.0
70.7
64.6
30.3
70.6
65.1
48.8
80.4
74.6
72.8
54.6
71.1
72.6
63.3
63.1
63.1
67.6
58.2
84.0
77.2
37.2
23.1
41.2
87.7
48.8
38.0
44.8
86.4
38.4
64.1
..
67.3
36.6
43.8
29.1
42.7
87.0
76.0
80.7
75.1
68.7
20.7
12.0
31.4
19.9
27.4
29.0
23.7
62.7
64.4
66.1
70.7
77.4
84.1
62.6
48.0
71.7
64.5
32.5
70.5
67.5
50.2
80.4
78.0
78.4
55.1
71.8
67.7
63.7
66.1
60.0
61.6
58.3
84.1
79.2
36.4
26.0
41.4
87.4
55.2
39.2
47.5
85.7
40.9
64.9
..
66.6
37.1
45.7
29.9
42.9
88.6
79.6
77.1
73.8
83.1
21.1
13.0
33.4
20.6
30.2
27.9
24.3
63.0
62.7
67.1
71.6
77.5
83.7
63.9
50.2
72.5
64.5
34.7
70.2
68.2
51.5
80.6
79.6
78.3
56.0
72.4
66.8
65.2
67.8
61.2
58.7
57.8
83.5
85.0
36.8
28.4
43.9
86.3
58.4
39.8
47.8
86.3
43.2
66.0
..
66.4
37.6
43.8
30.8
43.5
88.3
80.3
76.2
73.3
82.9
22.5
14.7
35.5
23.5
30.4
25.9
25.3
101
Participating in growth
Table
9.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
102
2000
Total
(thousands)
2005
2010
2000
Labor force
Male
(% of total labor force)
2005
247,188
5033.0
2446.0
796.0
5359.0
2789.0
5889.0
156.0
1572.0
3041.0
172.0
17669.0
1190.0
6086.0
250.0
1619.0
28065.0
415.0
521.0
8046.0
3162.0
479.0
11286.0
797.0
926.0
6988.0
4523.0
2992.0
738.0
525.0
8252.0
618.0
3411.0
37176.0
3678.0
44.0
3821.0
..
1527.0
2298.0
15334.0
9888.0
321.0
16079.0
2065.0
9722.0
4247.0
5177.0
43344.0
8732.0
207.0
19696.0
1769.0
9893.0
3047.0
284,133
5871.0
2920.0
898.0
6278.0
3381.0
6799.0
186.0
1723.0
3633.0
202.0
20536.0
1373.0
6630.0
303.0
2129.0
33599.0
478.0
616.0
8701.0
3474.0
547.0
12676.0
802.0
1046.0
8225.0
5425.0
3541.0
907.0
550.0
9324.0
758.0
4152.0
41202.0
4356.0
50.0
4474.0
..
1938.0
2583.0
17311.0
11427.0
350.0
18501.0
2437.0
10961.0
4688.0
6172.0
49800.0
9912.0
245.0
23600.0
2090.0
10650.0
3303.0
326,648
6886.0
3462.0
1004.0
7369.0
4163.0
7831.0
218.0
1936.0
4214.0
234.0
24163.0
1617.0
7369.0
358.0
2534.0
39262.0
559.0
724.0
9885.0
3930.0
624.0
14860.0
850.0
1320.0
9739.0
6290.0
4220.0
1085.0
595.0
10445.0
902.0
4956.0
47331.0
5070.0
57.0
5231.0
..
2221.0
2867.0
18055.0
13399.0
401.0
21193.0
2823.0
12866.0
5284.0
6246.0
55048.0
11129.0
289.0
26643.0
2333.0
10956.0
3698.0
55.7
51.6
53.6
53.0
51.7
47.2
54.5
60.9
53.9
54.5
72.1
50.0
52.2
64.7
56.0
52.5
54.5
55.2
52.6
51.8
55.5
54.5
53.3
51.1
50.9
51.0
50.3
62.5
76.7
65.3
45.0
55.7
69.0
60.1
47.7
63.6
57.1
..
46.4
67.1
56.9
71.6
59.5
50.1
50.9
49.9
53.1
53.8
78.3
86.3
67.6
78.4
73.7
72.0
74.7
54.9
53.2
52.6
53.1
52.0
47.7
54.2
61.3
53.5
54.6
70.8
50.0
51.4
63.4
55.8
51.5
52.7
54.4
52.1
52.0
55.4
53.4
53.5
52.7
51.2
50.8
51.5
63.9
75.0
64.0
45.7
54.2
69.2
56.8
47.7
64.0
56.6
..
48.4
66.7
56.3
71.2
60.0
50.0
49.5
50.5
53.9
51.3
78.0
84.9
66.1
78.3
71.9
72.4
73.2
2010
55.0
54.1
52.5
53.5
52.3
48.2
54.0
61.0
53.3
54.8
69.7
50.2
51.5
62.3
55.3
51.4
52.5
54.0
51.8
52.2
54.9
52.7
53.7
54.4
52.1
50.9
48.5
64.6
73.6
62.2
46.6
53.9
69.0
57.2
48.1
63.2
56.2
..
48.9
66.3
57.2
70.7
60.4
50.2
49.5
50.8
54.2
50.9
76.5
83.1
65.1
75.7
71.8
73.6
72.9
2000
Female
(% of total labor force)
2005
2010
45.7
48.4
46.4
47.0
48.3
52.9
45.5
38.5
46.1
45.5
27.9
50.0
47.8
35.3
44.0
47.5
45.5
44.8
47.4
48.2
44.5
45.5
46.7
48.9
49.2
49.0
49.7
37.5
23.2
34.5
55.1
44.3
31.0
39.9
52.3
36.4
42.9
..
53.6
32.9
43.2
28.4
40.5
49.9
49.1
50.1
46.9
46.2
23.1
13.7
32.4
21.7
26.3
28.0
25.4
46.3
46.8
47.4
46.9
48.0
52.3
45.8
38.7
46.5
45.4
29.2
50.0
48.7
36.6
44.2
48.5
47.3
45.6
47.9
48.0
44.6
46.6
46.5
47.3
48.9
49.2
48.5
36.1
25.0
36.0
54.3
45.8
30.8
43.2
52.3
36.0
43.4
..
51.7
33.3
43.8
28.8
40.0
50.0
50.5
49.5
46.1
48.7
23.2
15.1
33.9
21.7
28.1
27.6
26.8
46.3
45.9
47.5
46.5
47.7
51.8
46.0
38.5
46.8
45.2
30.3
49.8
48.5
37.7
44.4
48.7
47.5
46.0
48.2
47.8
45.1
47.3
46.4
45.7
47.9
49.1
51.5
35.4
26.5
37.8
53.5
46.2
31.1
42.8
51.9
36.8
43.8
..
51.1
33.7
42.8
29.3
39.7
49.8
50.6
49.2
45.8
49.2
24.2
16.9
35.0
24.3
28.2
26.4
27.1
Ages 1564
2000
Total
(% of total population)
2005
2010
2000
Participation rate
Male
(% of male population)
2005
70.0
72.5
73.0
76.7
85.1
86.0
70.0
67.2
78.6
72.6
54.8
72.1
69.3
66.6
89.2
83.8
83.7
61.9
77.2
75.5
72.3
72.0
68.3
74.7
60.5
88.1
78.8
52.7
51.1
64.9
85.6
57.8
63.2
56.0
87.4
58.4
77.2
..
66.4
58.5
54.7
53.1
57.5
90.2
80.3
82.7
80.4
75.5
50.0
46.4
50.6
48.9
52.6
55.6
50.6
70.2
71.3
73.0
77.8
85.2
84.2
70.5
68.9
78.7
72.5
56.6
71.7
70.7
67.2
88.5
85.3
86.3
61.2
77.5
70.8
72.4
73.5
65.3
69.4
60.9
88.0
83.2
53.1
53.0
63.3
85.6
63.2
65.2
54.7
86.1
60.8
77.5
..
68.2
58.7
56.4
53.9
57.5
90.8
81.6
79.2
80.1
87.6
50.6
45.8
51.9
51.1
55.2
54.4
49.4
70.5
70.8
73.4
78.9
85.3
83.8
71.5
70.5
79.1
72.6
58.2
71.7
71.8
67.5
88.3
86.3
85.8
61.7
77.8
70.4
73.2
74.4
66.8
67.1
61.5
87.5
82.6
54.2
54.6
64.3
84.9
66.0
65.4
55.5
87.2
62.1
78.0
..
68.7
58.7
55.2
54.6
58.0
90.6
82.2
78.5
79.8
87.3
50.6
45.9
53.4
51.8
56.2
51.6
50.7
77.6
76.3
81.5
81.3
91.2
85.0
76.8
86.4
86.4
80.1
78.7
73.0
72.5
82.2
95.3
91.0
92.2
68.7
83.2
77.2
79.5
79.7
73.3
81.0
61.8
90.5
80.6
67.7
79.0
85.2
82.5
65.8
89.0
67.0
86.4
76.6
89.8
..
63.9
79.7
63.2
75.9
72.8
91.4
82.9
83.1
85.7
81.8
78.0
79.4
68.4
76.2
75.2
82.0
75.7
76.6
77.2
78.8
81.8
91.2
83.0
76.9
85.9
85.8
80.1
79.9
72.3
72.7
82.2
94.4
90.5
91.9
66.5
83.2
72.5
79.5
79.5
70.2
76.4
62.5
90.0
86.5
69.3
79.5
81.5
83.0
69.6
91.6
61.7
84.7
78.5
89.7
..
68.4
79.5
64.1
76.4
71.9
91.3
81.8
80.4
86.3
90.9
78.7
77.0
68.6
79.7
77.8
80.8
72.6
2010
76.7
77.9
78.6
82.8
91.1
82.6
77.4
86.1
85.5
80.2
80.8
72.6
73.8
81.9
94.0
90.8
90.7
66.4
83.0
72.3
79.5
79.4
71.9
74.5
64.2
89.5
80.3
70.9
79.9
80.5
82.7
71.6
91.1
62.9
86.2
78.9
89.7
..
69.6
78.9
63.2
76.8
71.8
91.2
82.3
79.9
86.1
90.4
77.3
75.4
69.3
78.1
79.9
78.3
74.0
2000
Female
(% of female population)
2005
2010
62.5
68.8
65.2
72.1
79.5
86.8
63.2
49.8
71.1
65.2
30.8
71.3
66.1
49.5
82.6
77.0
75.5
55.2
71.5
73.9
64.9
64.6
63.3
69.0
59.1
85.9
77.0
38.5
23.6
44.8
88.3
50.2
38.4
44.9
88.3
40.8
65.0
..
68.7
37.9
46.5
30.2
43.9
89.1
77.8
82.3
75.2
69.2
22.0
12.8
32.9
21.3
28.6
30.5
25.6
63.9
65.6
67.4
73.7
79.6
85.3
64.2
52.4
71.9
65.2
33.1
71.2
68.8
51.0
82.1
80.3
80.8
56.0
72.2
69.0
65.3
67.7
60.4
62.9
59.3
86.0
79.9
37.6
26.5
45.3
88.0
57.0
39.6
47.6
87.5
43.6
65.9
..
67.9
38.5
48.9
31.2
44.2
90.3
81.4
78.0
74.0
84.3
22.6
14.0
35.1
22.3
31.6
29.3
26.4
64.3
64.0
68.5
74.8
79.8
84.9
65.6
54.8
72.8
65.2
35.4
70.9
69.7
52.4
82.0
82.0
80.9
57.1
72.8
68.4
66.8
69.4
61.8
60.0
58.9
85.4
84.9
37.9
29.0
48.3
86.8
60.5
40.2
48.0
88.2
45.8
66.9
..
67.8
39.0
47.2
32.2
44.9
90.0
82.2
77.0
73.5
84.3
23.9
15.7
37.4
25.3
32.0
26.4
27.5
103
Participating in growth
Table
9.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
104
2000
Total
(thousands)
2005
2010
2000
Labor force
Male
(% of total labor force)
2005
70,787
1,450
755
234
1,998
903
1,530
55
467
908
50
4,339
287
1,739
57
684
9,641
70
180
2,097
858
128
3,049
274
206
2,171
1,305
946
205
106
2,579
119
1,024
8,899
1,317
13
1,338
..
340
675
2,623
2,422
103
5,670
652
3,140
1,446
1,735
11,015
2,553
67
4,407
454
2,822
712
81,250
1,704
861
259
2,267
1,106
1,752
64
521
1,090
54
5,142
313
1,879
82
756
11,599
70
204
1,831
955
150
3,152
249
228
2,466
1,799
1,087
240
86
2,742
156
1,283
10,337
1,553
15
1,523
..
451
700
2,902
2,695
116
6,457
745
3,496
1,607
2,506
12,306
2,422
77
5,968
487
2,676
676
90,735
1,994
995
264
2,562
1,239
1,939
68
571
1,255
53
6,057
352
2,047
103
818
13,562
80
228
1,879
1,077
167
3,372
229
274
2,992
1,812
1,240
276
88
3,045
192
1,610
11,557
1,625
15
1,715
..
503
779
2,667
3,022
132
7,185
829
4,021
1,765
2,480
10,905
2,048
84
5,439
420
2,256
658
53.7
50.5
51.3
53.0
53.6
48.0
54.2
61.8
54.4
50.0
70.0
45.1
50.2
60.7
57.9
52.6
52.9
54.3
48.9
50.6
54.1
53.1
53.7
55.1
51.0
50.5
47.7
62.3
76.1
64.2
44.0
54.6
66.4
57.9
48.3
69.2
60.2
..
42.4
64.9
54.8
63.2
57.3
50.1
50.2
48.5
51.9
54.2
73.2
83.1
55.2
70.4
69.4
69.4
66.2
53.1
51.8
49.3
52.5
53.6
47.7
54.0
62.5
54.3
50.3
70.4
44.9
50.2
60.5
58.5
51.6
51.9
54.3
49.5
51.0
53.8
52.0
55.0
57.4
50.9
50.3
51.1
62.4
74.2
60.5
45.2
53.2
67.7
54.2
48.3
66.7
60.2
..
43.2
64.9
54.9
62.8
57.8
49.7
48.2
50.0
52.2
51.6
73.9
84.6
54.6
70.9
68.0
72.1
67.5
2010
53.1
52.7
49.1
52.3
53.5
47.2
53.8
61.8
53.9
50.4
69.8
46.1
50.3
60.4
58.3
51.8
51.8
53.8
49.6
51.2
53.2
51.5
55.1
58.5
51.1
50.5
45.4
62.6
72.5
59.1
45.7
52.6
68.2
54.5
48.6
66.7
60.1
..
43.9
64.6
55.3
62.4
58.3
49.9
48.3
50.0
52.2
51.1
74.2
84.5
54.8
71.2
68.3
73.6
67.5
2000
Female
(% of total labor force)
2005
2010
47.5
49.5
48.7
47.0
46.5
52.1
45.8
38.2
45.6
50.0
30.0
54.9
49.8
39.3
42.1
47.4
47.1
45.7
51.1
49.4
45.9
46.9
46.3
44.9
49.0
49.5
52.3
37.7
23.9
35.9
56.0
45.4
33.6
42.1
51.7
30.8
39.8
..
57.7
35.1
45.2
36.8
42.7
50.0
49.9
51.5
48.1
45.8
28.6
16.9
44.8
29.6
30.6
30.6
33.9
47.9
48.2
50.8
47.5
46.5
52.4
46.0
37.5
45.7
49.7
29.6
55.2
49.8
39.5
41.5
48.4
48.1
45.7
50.5
49.0
46.2
48.0
45.1
42.6
49.1
49.7
48.9
37.6
25.8
39.5
54.8
46.8
32.4
45.8
51.7
33.3
39.8
..
56.8
35.1
45.1
37.2
42.2
50.3
51.8
50.0
47.9
48.4
27.8
15.4
45.5
29.1
32.0
28.0
32.5
47.9
47.3
51.0
47.7
46.5
52.8
46.2
38.2
46.1
49.6
30.2
53.9
49.7
39.6
41.8
48.2
48.2
46.3
50.4
48.8
46.8
48.5
44.9
41.5
48.9
49.5
54.6
37.4
27.5
40.9
54.3
47.4
31.8
45.5
51.4
33.3
39.9
..
56.1
35.4
44.7
37.6
41.7
50.1
51.8
50.0
47.8
48.9
27.5
15.5
45.2
28.8
31.7
26.4
32.5
Ages 1524
2000
Total
(% of total population)
2005
2010
2000
Participation rate
Male
(% of male population)
2005
53.2
54.0
60.2
59.4
78.2
70.6
47.7
60.6
63.5
56.8
39.6
46.2
44.9
51.3
76.9
79.4
78.9
29.0
65.5
53.9
53.5
53.1
44.5
62.8
35.0
75.1
58.9
40.5
38.0
50.6
71.6
30.9
53.6
35.6
75.9
41.2
67.5
..
40.6
47.3
28.7
35.7
45.1
82.1
65.9
65.4
68.4
59.6
36.2
36.9
45.3
31.5
35.2
46.4
36.4
53.3
53.2
57.7
59.8
77.7
67.6
47.8
60.2
63.3
56.7
40.5
45.8
44.8
51.5
76.0
77.4
79.3
25.5
65.3
41.7
53.7
54.8
39.7
51.8
35.1
73.7
71.4
40.7
39.0
42.7
67.7
36.6
56.1
36.8
73.1
42.8
66.9
..
44.3
45.8
29.5
35.6
44.5
82.0
66.2
61.3
68.8
80.4
37.2
32.5
44.6
37.8
38.2
42.1
32.9
52.9
52.8
57.0
59.6
77.1
65.1
47.8
59.8
62.7
56.6
39.6
45.4
44.9
51.1
76.0
77.3
77.1
25.1
64.4
38.6
54.4
55.2
39.9
45.2
35.3
72.8
59.7
40.9
39.9
40.7
66.1
39.8
57.0
37.4
73.6
40.8
66.6
..
44.2
45.0
26.5
35.3
44.5
81.0
66.2
59.9
67.7
79.6
33.2
28.1
44.1
34.0
37.4
36.0
33.0
56.3
54.9
62.9
62.3
82.8
68.3
51.5
74.8
69.8
56.9
54.9
41.6
44.9
62.0
89.3
83.5
83.7
31.5
66.4
53.5
56.8
56.6
47.7
68.9
35.5
75.8
56.1
49.7
56.9
64.4
64.4
33.5
76.8
40.4
74.8
55.9
81.2
..
35.2
61.6
31.4
44.6
52.6
82.0
66.3
63.5
70.9
64.5
52.1
60.3
49.6
43.6
48.2
64.7
47.7
55.9
55.6
57.5
62.2
82.1
64.7
51.4
73.7
69.4
57.0
55.9
41.0
44.7
62.2
88.1
80.7
82.5
27.5
66.1
41.6
56.9
57.2
43.6
59.0
35.4
74.1
72.8
49.9
56.9
51.1
61.4
38.8
80.6
39.2
71.3
57.6
80.3
..
39.3
59.5
32.2
44.0
51.6
81.5
64.1
61.5
71.5
83.5
54.0
54.0
48.5
52.8
51.1
61.1
43.9
2010
55.4
56.1
56.4
61.8
81.4
61.7
51.2
72.6
68.3
57.0
54.1
41.8
45.1
61.7
88.0
80.4
79.8
26.9
64.6
38.7
56.9
56.7
43.9
52.6
35.7
73.6
53.9
50.3
56.8
47.3
60.6
41.7
80.4
40.0
72.1
54.4
79.6
..
39.8
58.2
29.2
43.3
51.6
80.7
64.2
60.2
70.5
82.2
48.2
46.5
47.8
47.6
50.0
53.0
43.8
2000
Female
(% of female population)
2005
2010
50.0
53.2
57.6
56.4
73.5
72.9
43.9
46.4
57.4
56.7
24.0
50.8
44.8
40.5
64.4
75.3
74.2
26.5
64.7
54.4
50.1
49.6
41.4
56.6
34.5
74.3
61.7
31.1
18.4
36.7
78.5
28.2
33.6
30.5
77.1
26.3
53.8
..
45.9
33.1
26.0
26.7
37.9
82.1
65.5
67.3
65.9
54.6
20.0
12.7
41.0
19.0
21.8
28.2
24.9
50.7
50.9
58.0
57.3
73.1
70.5
44.1
46.3
57.3
56.5
24.7
50.6
44.9
40.8
63.7
74.3
76.2
23.4
64.6
41.9
50.5
52.5
35.9
44.4
34.8
73.2
69.9
31.2
20.6
34.1
74.1
34.3
34.3
34.4
74.9
27.8
53.5
..
49.2
32.1
26.7
26.8
37.4
82.5
68.3
61.1
66.0
77.4
20.0
10.2
40.5
22.3
24.8
23.3
21.6
50.4
49.6
57.6
57.4
72.7
68.4
44.4
46.4
57.2
56.3
24.7
49.1
44.8
40.6
63.8
74.2
74.5
23.3
64.3
38.6
51.7
53.6
35.9
37.7
34.9
72.1
65.5
31.2
22.4
33.8
71.6
37.8
35.1
34.6
75.0
26.8
53.3
..
48.5
31.8
23.8
26.9
37.3
81.2
68.2
59.6
64.8
77.1
17.7
8.9
40.3
19.9
24.2
19.0
21.8
105
Participating in growth
Table
9.2
Agriculture
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Services
Male (% of male
employment)
200010 b
Female (% of female
employment)
200010 b
Male (% of male
employment)
200010 b
Female (% of female
employment)
200010 b
Male (% of male
employment)
200010 b
Female (% of female
employment)
200010 b
..
53.1
35.1
82.3
..
57.7
..
..
..
..
..
31.3
..
..
..
8.7
17.3
..
61.4
..
..
54.5
..
49.5
79.8
..
67.8
..
9.5
69.2
22.7
64.1
49.1
..
30.6
34.1
..
66.0
..
6.3
..
..
72.7
60.5
68.6
65.9
58.8
..
32.7
24.3
87.2
..
64.7
..
..
..
..
..
39.3
..
..
..
10.3
33.7
..
53.2
..
..
68.0
..
48.3
81.1
..
63.9
..
7.8
89.9
8.2
37.8
38.7
..
22.8
33.0
..
71.1
..
3.7
..
..
80.0
48.2
81.7
78.9
71.1
..
9.8
19.2
3.9
..
10.9
..
..
..
..
..
20.0
..
..
..
25.4
18.6
..
13.4
..
..
10.8
..
13.5
5.6
..
8.0
..
32.1
7.0
24.4
8.3
11.8
..
26.3
20.2
..
10.3
..
34.5
..
..
6.6
9.5
8.6
10.9
14.0
..
9.2
10.8
2.1
..
7.4
..
..
..
..
..
21.2
..
..
..
19.5
2.5
..
13.8
..
..
2.3
..
4.8
1.8
..
2.7
..
22.0
0.4
9.1
18.4
11.2
..
5.9
4.9
..
2.5
..
13.3
..
..
2.1
4.4
2.8
3.1
4.4
..
34.5
45.7
13.7
..
23.5
..
..
..
..
..
45.9
..
..
..
75.6
64.1
..
25.1
..
..
34.6
..
37.0
14.6
..
24.1
..
58.3
23.8
52.8
26.5
37.0
..
42.6
32.7
..
23.7
..
59.2
..
..
20.7
28.6
22.7
23.7
17.3
..
57.5
64.9
10.2
..
21.8
..
..
..
..
..
38.7
..
..
..
63.9
63.8
..
33.0
..
..
29.7
..
46.8
17.1
..
33.3
..
70.4
9.7
82.6
43.0
47.9
..
70.7
42.3
..
26.4
..
82.9
..
..
17.9
45.7
15.5
17.3
13.2
20.4
..
28.2
..
34.2
..
22.3
..
45.6
..
59.2
..
25.6
..
27.3
..
24.0
..
28.2
..
5.6
..
15.4
..
53.8
..
44.4
..
41.6
..
49.5
..
48.8
..
25.2
..
106
Statusa
Self-employed workers
Total
Male
Female
(% of total
(% of males
(% of females
employed)
employed)
employed)
200010 b
200010 b
200010 b
..
10.1
60.5
7.1
5.2
16.0
38.9
..
..
..
..
21.7
19.6
..
..
7.9
44.8
..
19.9
..
..
..
..
18.1
13.4
..
8.0
..
80.0
8.8
72.8
5.3
..
..
..
21.6
..
7.6
..
84.6
..
..
10.5
10.9
23.6
17.0
37.7
..
16.3
62.2
9.7
..
29.3
43.8
..
..
..
..
35.5
25.4
..
..
9.3
52.2
..
29.7
..
..
..
..
27.5
16.0
..
12.4
..
77.9
15.7
76.0
5.9
..
..
..
26.1
..
11.3
..
84.3
..
..
15.3
16.6
22.2
25.7
51.0
..
4.2
58.6
4.0
..
8.7
33.0
..
..
..
..
8.6
12.2
..
..
6.2
34.5
..
10.9
..
..
..
..
8.7
10.8
..
3.6
..
83.8
3.0
68.8
3.9
..
..
..
15.1
..
3.7
..
85.1
..
..
6.1
5.7
7.5
9.0
23.1
..
89.9
39.5
90.4
94.7
84.0
42.1
..
..
..
..
76.2
76.3
..
..
91.8
54.0
..
79.9
..
..
..
..
81.7
86.4
..
82.9
..
20.0
91.2
26.7
85.4
..
..
..
77.7
..
92.4
..
15.4
..
..
89.5
89.1
76.4
82.0
62.3
..
83.7
37.8
87.8
..
66.5
39.1
..
..
..
..
61.7
70.1
..
..
90.3
46.4
..
70.2
..
..
..
..
72.3
83.9
..
76.5
..
22.1
84.3
23.6
83.8
..
..
..
73.2
..
88.7
..
15.8
..
..
84.7
83.4
77.8
74.3
49.0
..
95.8
41.4
93.5
..
88.9
45.7
..
..
..
..
89.9
84.3
..
..
93.5
64.6
..
89.1
..
..
..
..
91.1
89.1
..
89.0
..
16.2
97.0
30.7
89.5
..
..
..
84.1
..
96.3
..
14.9
..
..
93.9
94.3
92.5
91.0
76.9
..
16.1
3.2
46.0
30.8
26.8
10.3
..
..
..
..
4.0
28.2
..
..
50.3
4.1
..
20.4
..
..
..
..
16.1
52.3
..
26.4
..
2.4
36.7
4.4
3.2
..
..
..
24.0
..
18.1
..
0.9
..
..
11.4
25.9
29.2
38.0
11.9
..
13.9
2.1
26.5
..
9.5
6.5
..
..
..
..
3.3
15.8
..
..
34.6
2.3
..
11.7
..
..
..
..
12.5
32.1
..
18.5
..
1.0
12.7
3.2
3.3
..
..
..
23.5
..
14.8
..
0.4
..
..
9.7
23.1
10.3
25.4
10.4
..
18.2
4.4
69.2
..
27.2
14.8
..
..
..
..
4.7
44.2
..
..
68.5
6.7
..
28.5
..
..
..
..
19.7
73.0
..
34.1
..
4.9
56.8
5.8
2.8
..
..
..
24.7
..
21.6
..
1.4
..
..
13.0
28.4
40.5
61.8
13.6
38.2
..
58.5
..
44.4
64.3
36.0
..
61.4
..
47.5
..
51.1
..
47.9
..
34.0
..
34.4
..
41.5
..
53.3
35.6
34.4
..
38.6
..
52.4
..
34.0
..
52.1
..
65.9
..
7.2
..
14.1
..
22.9
8.7
7.2
..
8.7
..
15.0
..
7.3
..
33.9
..
48.6
..
107
Participating in growth
Table
9.3
Unemployment
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Total
200010 b
Unemployment
(% ages 15 and older)
Male
200010 b
Total
200010 b
Youth unemployment
(% ages 1524)
Male
200010 b
Female
200010 b
Female
200010 b
..
0.7
17.6
3.3
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.5
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
25.3
3.7
2.6
7.8
8.8
33.0
7.7
..
37.6
1.5
..
..
16.7
10.0
5.5
3.4
..
23.8
..
..
4.3
..
4.2
15.9
4.2
..
0.9
15.3
2.9
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
12.1
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
23.0
3.4
1.7
5.4
7.2
8.9
4.6
..
32.5
1.7
..
..
11.0
7.9
6.1
4.5
..
22.0
..
..
2.8
..
3.1
14.1
4.2
..
0.4
19.9
1.7
..
3.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.9
..
..
3.6
..
..
..
28.0
4.1
3.5
10.0
10.9
41.2
12.8
..
43.0
0.9
..
..
24.5
13.6
4.9
2.3
..
25.9
..
..
5.8
..
5.1
11.3
4.1
..
0.8
13.6
3.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.9
..
..
16.6
..
..
..
34.4
5.9
2.3
..
..
..
23.4
..
41.7
3.2
..
..
..
14.8
20.3
5.2
..
48.2
..
..
8.8
..
5.4
23.4
7.6
..
1.1
13.2
4.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.5
..
..
16.4
..
..
..
29.0
3.9
1.7
..
..
..
19.4
..
36.7
4.0
..
..
..
11.9
..
7.3
..
44.6
..
..
7.4
..
..
23.1
7.6
..
0.6
14.0
2.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
29.4
..
..
16.7
..
..
..
41.9
7.7
2.8
..
..
..
29.0
..
47.0
1.7
..
..
..
20.1
..
3.5
..
52.5
..
..
10.1
..
..
19.5
7.6
11.4
59.5
9.4
..
10.0
14.2
10.0
54.6
5.2
..
9.8
13.1
20.0
68.6
22.9
..
10.5
17.3
24.3
..
24.8
..
21.9
30.7
42.8
..
17.2
..
22.8
31.4
46.3
..
47.9
..
19.4
29.3
108
Total
200010 b
Primary
Male
200010 b
Female
200010 b
..
..
61.5
47.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.2
..
43.9
..
..
..
43.5
..
..
..
..
60.7
..
40.2
..
..
..
15.4
..
..
71.6
..
..
..
16.2
..
..
60.1
44.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
50.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
57.9
..
42.9
..
..
..
43.4
..
..
..
..
62.8
..
42.2
..
..
..
18.6
..
..
74.6
..
..
..
14.3
..
..
62.6
58.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
30.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
56.5
..
44.4
..
..
..
43.6
..
..
..
..
59.4
..
37.9
..
..
..
12.5
..
..
69.3
..
..
..
17.2
..
..
24.1
19.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
13.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
33.5
..
23.8
..
..
..
29.6
..
..
..
..
24.1
..
6.9
..
..
..
80.7
..
..
7.2
..
..
..
82.0
..
..
22.8
16.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
26.4
..
25.8
..
..
..
25.2
..
..
..
..
23.0
..
7.5
..
..
..
77.0
..
..
7.8
..
..
..
83.6
59.3
..
..
..
51.1
41.4
65.2
..
..
..
57.7
46.0
32.5
..
..
..
36.6
31.9
23.0
..
..
..
22.4
37.7
21.4
..
..
..
21.7
37.3
Total
200010 b
Tertiary
Male
200010 b
Female
200010 b
..
..
25.2
33.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
11.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
40.4
..
22.7
..
..
..
32.2
..
..
..
..
24.9
..
6.2
..
..
..
84.0
..
..
6.7
..
..
..
81.0
..
..
28.2
6.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
9.3
..
..
..
7.9
..
..
..
..
5.9
..
2.5
..
..
..
0.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.3
..
..
26.2
5.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
14.0
..
..
..
9.6
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
2.8
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.7
..
..
29.8
8.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
..
6.6
..
..
..
7.0
..
..
..
..
9.4
..
2.1
..
..
..
0.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.1
30.4
..
..
..
23.9
38.5
11.4
..
..
..
21.6
13.6
6.6
..
..
..
16.2
9.0
33.0
..
..
..
33.5
23.3
109
Participating in growth
Table
9.4
Migrant stock
Share of
population (%)
Total
2010
2010
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
110
2.07
0.34
2.62
5.72
6.33
0.72
1
2.43
1.83
3.46
1.84
0.67
3.54
12.19
1.06
0.31
0.66
18.87
16.78
7.59
3.95
1.27
2.02
0.29
2.41
0.18
1.85
1.06
2.87
3.35
1.92
6.08
1.3
0.71
4.38
3.18
1.69
12.53
1.82
0.24
3.73
1.73
3.83
1.47
3.08
1.93
1.8
2.96
0.82
0.68
12.84
0.3
10.74
0.15
0.32
International migration
Worker remittances, Migrant remittance
received
inflows
Net
Total
Share of
Total
Share of
migration ($millions) GDP (%) ($ millions) GDP (%)
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
17,645,403 -1,985,547
..
65,387
82,005
18.0
232,036
50,000
..
114,838
18,730
12.1
1,043,035
-125,000
..
60,770
370,000
34.5
196,570
-19,000
93.6
12,053
-17,279
130.4
80,492
5,000
..
388,251
-75,000
..
13,525
-10,000
..
444,672
-23,975
..
143,203
49,872
..
2,406,713 -360,000
..
7,447
20,000
..
16,484
55,000
..
547,984 -300,000
345.2
284,127
5,000
..
290,104
-13,742
107.3
1,851,814
-51,258
135.9
394,557 -300,000
44.8
19,244
-10,000
..
817,747
-189,330
683.7
6,328
-19,998
7.4
96,310
300,000
0.2
37,762
-5,000
..
275,851
-20,000
..
162,677
-100,823
..
99,229
9,900
..
42,917
0
..
450,020
-20,000
33.4
138,870
-1,494
6.0
202,163
-28,497
..
1,127,668 -300,000 19,650.7
465,480
15,109
98.2
5,253
-6,496
2.0
210,061
-132,842
..
10,838
..
16.5
106,776
60,000
41.6
22,843 -300,000
..
1,862,889
700,001
..
753,447
135,000 1,290.9
40,418
-6,000
1.9
659,202 -300,000
10.9
185,402
-5,430
..
646,548
-135,000
768.0
233,140
-85,000
43.7
372,258 -900,000
..
1,366,356 -1,202,222 20,673.0
242,324
-140,000
66.0
114,147
0
6.6
244,714
-346,922 12,453.1
682,482
-20,300
..
49,098
-675,000 6,422.5
33,591
-20,000 1,724.8
..
0.0
..
0.1
..
1.7
0.4
7.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.2
..
10.2
0.4
1.0
..
2.1
0.3
0.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.4
0.1
..
10.0
1.8
1.0
..
1.7
2.2
..
..
1.9
0.1
0.1
..
4.5
0.3
..
4.0
0.0
..
5.7
..
7.1
3.9
20,501.5
18.0
149.9
62.6
110.6
34.5
114.9
132.5
..
..
..
..
..
185.5
..
..
345.2
..
115.7
135.9
60.4
48.9
1,777.0
745.9
31.4
..
16.7
453.7
..
226.4
131.9
15.9
101.7
10,045.0
103.1
2.0
1,350.4
17.4
57.5
..
1,119.3
1,419.6
54.7
24.8
334.5
914.5
43.7
..
23,016.0
2,044.4
32.6
12,453.1
..
6,422.5
2,063.3
1.8
0.0
2.3
0.4
1.3
1.7
0.5
8.0
..
..
..
..
..
0.8
..
..
1.2
..
11.0
0.4
1.3
5.9
5.5
34.2
3.2
..
0.3
4.8
..
2.3
1.4
0.1
1.9
5.1
1.8
1.0
10.5
1.8
3.0
..
0.3
2.1
1.5
0.1
10.5
5.3
0.3
..
3.9
1.3
..
5.7
..
7.1
4.7
Population
Population dynamics
Annual Fertility rate
Total
Male
Female growth rate (births per
woman)
(%)
(millions) (% of total) (% of total)
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
844.0
19.1
8.8
2.0
16.5
8.4
19.6
0.5
4.4
11.2
0.7
66.0
4.0
19.7
0.7
5.3
82.9
1.5
1.7
24.4
10.0
1.5
40.5
2.2
4.0
20.7
14.9
15.4
3.5
1.3
23.4
2.3
15.5
158.4
10.6
0.2
12.4
0.1
5.9
9.3
50.0
33.6
1.1
44.8
6.0
33.4
12.9
12.6
166.3
35.5
0.9
81.1
6.4
32.0
10.5
50.0
49.5
49.3
50.4
49.6
49.1
49.9
49.5
49.3
49.7
50.4
49.7
50.1
51.0
51.3
49.3
49.8
50.2
49.4
50.9
50.5
49.6
49.9
49.2
50.2
49.9
50.0
50.0
50.3
49.4
48.7
49.7
50.3
50.6
49.1
49.5
49.6
..
48.9
49.6
49.5
50.4
49.2
50.0
49.5
50.0
50.1
49.3
50.1
50.5
50.0
50.2
50.7
49.0
50.0
50.0
50.5
50.7
49.6
50.4
50.9
50.1
50.5
50.7
50.3
49.7
50.3
50.0
49.0
48.7
50.8
50.2
49.9
50.6
49.1
49.5
50.4
50.1
50.9
49.8
50.2
50.0
50.0
49.8
50.6
51.4
50.3
49.7
49.4
50.9
50.5
50.4
..
51.2
50.4
50.5
49.6
50.9
50.1
50.5
50.0
49.9
50.7
50.0
49.5
50.0
49.8
49.3
51.0
50.0
2.5
2.8
2.8
1.3
3.0
2.6
2.2
0.9
1.9
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.8
3.0
2.2
1.9
2.7
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.6
1.0
4.0
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.4
0.5
2.3
1.8
3.5
2.5
3.0
1.8
2.7
-0.9
2.2
2.3
1.4
1.9
1.1
3.0
2.1
3.2
1.6
0.8
1.5
1.5
1.9
1.8
1.5
1.0
1.0
4.9
5.4
5.3
2.8
5.9
4.3
4.5
2.4
4.6
6.0
4.9
5.8
4.5
4.4
5.2
4.5
4.2
3.3
4.9
4.2
5.3
5.1
4.7
3.2
5.2
4.7
6.0
6.3
4.5
1.5
4.9
3.2
7.1
5.5
5.4
3.7
4.8
2.5
5.0
6.3
2.5
4.4
3.4
5.5
4.1
6.2
6.3
3.3
2.5
2.3
3.8
2.7
2.6
2.3
2.0
Population
Age composition (% of total)
Ages 014
Ages 1564
Total
2010
Male
2010
Female
2010
Total
2010
Male
2010
Female
2010
Total
2010
Male
2010
Female
2010
42.5
46.6
43.7
32.6
45.3
37.9
40.6
31.8
40.4
45.4
42.6
46.3
40.6
40.9
39.3
41.6
41.5
35.5
44.0
38.6
42.9
41.3
42.5
37.4
43.5
43.1
45.8
47.2
39.9
21.9
44.1
36.4
49.0
42.8
42.7
40.3
43.7
..
43.0
44.9
30.1
40.1
38.4
44.7
39.7
48.4
46.4
38.9
29.4
27.1
35.8
31.5
30.4
28.0
23.5
42.9
47.2
44.5
32.6
46.5
38.7
40.9
32.2
40.8
45.9
43.1
46.7
40.9
40.3
38.5
42.7
41.9
35.7
44.9
38.9
43.3
41.8
42.8
38.3
44.1
43.5
46.3
48.2
40.4
22.6
45.5
37.0
49.9
43.2
43.3
41.1
44.5
..
43.6
45.5
30.6
40.6
39.4
45.1
40.0
48.8
46.5
39.5
30.0
27.4
36.1
32.1
30.8
29.2
24.0
42.0
46.0
42.9
32.6
44.2
37.1
40.2
31.4
40.0
45.0
42.1
45.9
40.3
41.6
40.1
40.6
41.0
35.2
43.1
38.3
42.5
40.9
42.2
36.5
42.9
42.8
45.4
46.2
39.4
21.2
42.8
35.9
48.0
42.4
42.0
39.5
42.8
..
42.5
44.4
29.7
39.6
37.5
44.3
39.3
48.1
46.2
38.2
28.7
26.7
35.5
31.0
30.0
26.9
23.0
54.4
51.0
53.3
63.5
52.5
59.3
55.9
62.3
55.6
51.7
54.7
51.1
55.7
55.3
57.9
55.9
55.2
60.2
53.9
57.6
53.8
55.4
54.9
58.3
53.7
53.8
51.1
50.6
57.4
71.2
52.6
59.9
48.8
53.8
54.7
55.8
53.9
..
55.1
52.4
65.2
56.4
58.2
52.2
57.0
49.1
50.6
56.9
65.5
68.4
60.9
63.4
65.3
66.5
69.6
54.2
50.6
53.0
64.1
51.8
59.1
55.9
63.1
55.6
51.6
54.5
51.0
55.8
55.7
58.7
55.4
55.0
60.3
52.9
57.6
53.8
55.2
54.8
58.1
53.5
53.6
50.9
50.0
57.4
71.7
51.6
59.8
48.1
53.7
54.3
55.5
53.2
..
54.4
52.1
65.8
56.2
57.8
52.1
56.9
49.0
50.8
56.7
65.4
68.5
60.9
63.4
65.1
65.8
69.5
54.5
51.3
53.5
62.8
53.1
59.5
55.9
61.5
55.7
51.8
54.8
51.1
55.7
54.8
56.9
56.4
55.4
60.1
54.8
57.7
53.8
55.5
55.0
58.5
54.0
53.9
51.3
51.3
57.5
70.8
53.5
60.0
49.6
53.9
55.1
56.2
54.6
..
55.8
52.6
64.6
56.5
58.7
52.2
57.0
49.2
50.4
57.1
65.7
68.2
60.9
63.5
65.5
67.2
69.7
3.2
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.2
2.9
3.5
5.9
4.0
2.9
2.7
2.7
3.7
3.8
2.9
2.5
3.3
4.3
2.2
3.8
3.3
3.3
2.7
4.3
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.2
2.7
6.9
3.3
3.7
2.2
3.4
2.7
3.9
2.4
..
1.9
2.7
4.6
3.6
3.4
3.1
3.4
2.5
3.1
4.2
5.1
4.6
3.3
5.0
4.3
5.5
7.0
2.9
2.2
2.5
3.3
1.8
2.3
3.2
4.7
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.3
3.4
4.0
2.8
1.9
3.1
4.0
2.3
3.6
3.0
3.0
2.4
3.6
2.5
3.0
2.8
1.8
2.2
5.7
2.9
3.2
2.0
3.1
2.4
3.4
2.3
..
2.0
2.5
3.6
3.3
2.9
2.8
3.1
2.3
2.7
3.8
4.6
4.1
3.0
4.5
4.1
5.1
6.6
3.5
2.7
3.6
4.7
2.7
3.4
3.8
7.1
4.4
3.2
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.6
3.0
3.0
3.6
4.7
2.1
4.0
3.7
3.6
2.9
5.0
3.1
3.3
3.3
2.6
3.2
8.0
3.7
4.2
2.4
3.7
2.9
4.3
2.5
..
1.8
3.0
5.7
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.7
2.8
3.4
4.7
5.6
5.1
3.7
5.6
4.5
5.9
7.3
84.8
96.3
87.7
57.6
90.7
68.7
78.9
60.5
79.7
93.5
82.9
95.9
79.4
80.9
72.9
78.8
81.2
66.1
85.7
73.6
86.0
80.6
82.2
71.5
86.2
86.0
95.7
97.5
74.2
40.4
90.1
66.9
104.8
85.9
82.8
79.2
85.5
..
81.4
91.0
53.3
77.5
71.7
91.8
75.6
103.8
97.7
75.7
52.8
46.3
64.2
57.6
53.2
50.4
43.7
62.7
41.5
58.0
38.9
79.6
89.0
41.6
38.9
61.1
72.4
71.8
64.8
37.9
49.9
60.3
78.4
82.4
14.0
41.9
48.5
64.6
70.0
77.8
73.1
38.5
69.8
80.2
66.7
58.6
57.4
61.6
62.0
83.3
50.2
81.1
37.8
57.1
44.7
61.6
62.6
38.3
54.8
74.5
73.6
56.6
86.7
64.3
61.7
46.3
33.5
11.9
57.2
22.1
43.3
32.7
37.3
58.5
42.0
61.1
20.4
11.0
58.4
61.1
38.9
27.6
28.2
35.2
62.1
50.1
39.7
21.6
17.6
86.0
58.1
51.5
35.4
30.0
22.2
26.9
61.5
30.2
19.8
33.3
41.4
42.6
38.4
38.0
16.7
49.8
18.9
62.2
42.9
55.3
38.4
37.4
61.7
45.2
25.5
26.4
43.4
13.3
35.7
38.3
53.7
66.5
88.1
42.8
77.9
56.7
67.3
1.7
0.7
2.2
-0.7
2.5
2.2
0.2
-1.0
1.6
2.0
2.5
1.8
1.5
0.7
2.5
2.5
1.8
-1.5
0.8
0.8
1.5
2.0
2.2
0.0
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.2
2.1
0.4
1.0
0.9
3.5
1.1
2.6
-0.4
2.2
-2.0
1.7
1.6
0.1
0.3
0.8
2.4
0.9
3.0
1.4
0.0
1.0
-0.4
-1.4
1.7
0.7
0.2
-0.2
3.8
4.4
3.8
2.5
5.1
5.3
3.6
2.1
2.3
4.3
2.8
4.5
3.2
3.3
3.2
5.1
3.9
2.4
4.2
3.8
3.6
2.3
4.0
3.7
5.2
4.0
5.7
4.7
2.9
0.6
4.4
3.4
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.1
3.3
0.0
3.1
3.5
2.1
3.9
2.3
4.7
3.7
4.4
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.4
2.3
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
111
Participating in growth
Table
10.1
HIV/AIDS
Estimated prevalence rate (%)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
112
Point estimate
1990
2000
2009
1990
28
6
23
160
93
33
..
44
31
<1.0
..
63
140
<0.5
5
..
4
<1.0
22
34
1
400
6
3
12
310
15
2
<0.5
76
11
4
590
160
..
6
..
<0.5
2
140
12
9
600
11
870
500
510
140
49
260
150
170
460
..
190
130
<0.1
..
68
640
4
25
..
34
4
250
78
13
1,500
240
52
17
850
91
8
3
750
150
51
2,600
170
..
30
..
21
9
4,200
61
120
1,400
99
980
810
1,700
200
60
320
110
180
610
..
130
210
<0.5
..
77
450
20
25
..
46
18
260
79
22
1,500
290
37
24
920
76
14
9
1,400
180
61
3,300
170
..
59
..
49
34
5,600
..
180
1,400
120
1,200
980
1,200
0.5
0.2
3.5
3.9
3.9
0.6
..
3.1
1.1
<0.1
..
5.2
2.4
0.1
0.3
..
0.9
0.1
0.3
1.1
0.3
3.9
0.8
0.3
0.2
7.2
0.4
0.2
<0.1
1.2
1.6
0.1
1.3
5.2
..
0.2
..
<0.1
0.1
0.7
0.1
2.3
4.8
0.6
10.2
12.7
10.1
1.9
1.4
26.0
2.3
5.2
5.5
2.0
1.2
24.8
1.2
3.3
5.3
..
4.7
3.4
0.1
..
3.4
3.4
5.0
0.8
..
5.2
2.0
1.8
1.3
2.5
6.3
23.6
1.5
0.2
11.0
1.0
0.7
1.0
11.5
13.1
0.8
3.6
2.9
..
0.9
..
1.6
0.7
17.8
1.1
25.9
5.6
3.2
6.5
13.5
14.3
0.2
<0.1
2.9
2.6
3.7
0.3
..
2.0
0.5
<0.1
1.2
3.6
1.3
<0.1
0.1
..
0.6
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.1
3.0
0.6
0.1
0.2
3.3
0.1
0.1
<0.1
0.9
0.9
0.1
0.2
4.3
..
0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
0.6
<0.1
1.8
4.3
0.1
8.6
3.4
8.7
1.4
1.2
25.1
1.9
5.1
5.0
..
8.4
2.0
<0.1
1.1
3.5
6.2
1.0
0.9
..
4.1
0.3
2.0
1.1
1.5
8.6
23.0
2.2
0.2
13.0
1.3
0.5
0.2
7.8
12.9
1.0
3.3
3.5
..
0.5
..
0.4
<0.1
15.7
0.1
21.0
6.9
2.8
6.7
13.8
23.8
1.6
1.0
23.8
1.0
2.9
4.9
..
4.2
2.8
0.1
1.2
3.1
3.1
3.5
0.6
..
4.2
1.3
1.6
1.1
2.0
5.8
22.3
1.3
0.2
10.0
0.8
0.6
0.7
10.6
11.1
0.8
3.3
2.5
..
0.7
..
1.4
0.5
17.2
0.9
24.9
5.3
2.5
5.9
12.8
13.4
1.4
3.7
4.2
4.8
4.0
2.4
..
6.2
2.0
<0.1
1.6
6.4
7.2
0.2
0.9
..
1.5
1.7
1.5
7.6
0.4
6.6
1.2
0.6
0.2
10.8
2.0
0.2
0.2
1.5
2.3
0.1
2.1
8.4
..
0.2
..
<0.1
0.3
0.9
0.4
2.7
5.3
1.2
11.5
26.4
11.7
2.4
1.7
27.1
2.7
5.4
6.0
..
11.4
4.0
<0.1
1.5
4.5
7.6
2.5
1.6
..
6.6
1.1
2.6
2.7
2.2
9.6
26.1
4.5
0.2
15.5
2.0
0.7
0.4
9.4
18.1
1.0
4.3
4.6
..
0.7
..
1.6
0.3
16.6
0.5
23.6
8.0
4.3
7.7
15.2
26.1
2.4
1.3
25.8
1.5
3.5
5.8
..
5.2
5.1
0.1
1.6
3.8
3.9
6.6
1.0
..
6.2
2.9
2.0
1.6
3.0
6.5
25.2
1.8
0.3
12.1
1.3
0.9
1.3
12.2
15.5
0.9
4.0
3.3
..
1.0
..
2.1
1.0
18.3
1.4
27.0
6.1
3.8
6.9
14.1
15.4
..
3
<0.5
..
3
<0.2
6
12
3
..
13
<1.0
18
14
11
..
3
2
<0.1
0.9
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
2.9
<0.1
0.1
2.5
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
2.0
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
0.1
..
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
3.5
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
4.1
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
0.1
3.2
<0.1
..
0.2
0.1
9.4
3.0
<0.1
...
3.9
6.9
1.5
1.2
...
5.2
0.5
2.3
1.7
1.8
9.0
24.5
3.3
0.2
14.2
1.7
0.6
0.3
8.6
15.3
1.0
3.9
3.8
0.6
0.9
0.2
16.1
0.3
22.3
7.3
3.6
7.3
14.4
24.8
0.1
<0.1
High estimate
2000
2009
HIV/AIDS
Point estimate
2009
Young men
(ages 1524)
Low estimate
2009
High estimate
2009
Point estimate
2009
Young women
(ages 1524)
Low estimate
2009
High estimate
2009
0.6
0.3
5.2
0.5
1.0
1.6
..
1.0
1.0
0.1
..
1.2
0.7
1.9
0.2
..
1.4
0.9
0.5
0.4
0.8
1.8
5.4
0.3
0.1
3.1
0.2
0.4
0.3
3.1
2.3
0.2
1.2
1.3
..
0.3
..
0.6
0.4
4.5
0.5
6.5
1.7
0.9
2.3
4.2
3.3
0.4
0.2
3.7
0.3
0.8
1.2
..
0.6
0.7
0.1
0.4
0.9
0.5
1.0
0.1
..
0.8
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.5
1.3
4.1
0.1
0.1
2.3
0.1
0.2
0.2
2.4
1.3
0.2
0.9
0.9
..
0.2
..
0.3
..
4.1
..
4.8
1.3
0.6
1.8
3.2
2.5
0.9
0.4
7.3
0.6
1.2
2.1
..
1.4
2.0
0.1
0.6
1.6
1.1
3.2
0.3
..
2.0
1.6
0.7
0.6
1.1
2.4
7.4
0.5
0.4
4.2
0.4
1.4
0.4
4.4
3.6
0.3
1.6
1.6
..
0.4
..
1.0
..
5.0
..
8.8
2.3
1.2
2.8
5.5
4.4
1.6
0.7
11.8
0.8
2.1
3.9
..
2.2
2.5
<0.1
..
2.6
1.5
5.0
0.4
..
3.5
2.4
1.3
0.9
2.0
4.1
14.2
0.7
0.1
6.8
0.5
0.3
0.2
8.6
5.8
0.5
2.9
1.9
..
0.7
..
1.5
0.6
13.6
1.3
15.6
3.9
2.2
4.8
8.9
6.9
1.1
0.5
9.0
0.6
1.6
3.1
..
1.4
1.7
<0.1
0.9
2.1
1.1
2.7
0.2
..
2.1
1.4
0.9
0.6
1.5
3.0
11.2
0.2
<0.1
5.3
0.2
0.1
0.1
7.0
3.7
0.4
2.3
1.3
..
0.5
..
0.9
..
12.3
..
12.6
3.1
1.5
4.0
7.3
5.3
2.2
1.1
15.9
1.2
2.7
5.4
..
3.1
5.2
<0.1
1.5
3.6
2.3
7.9
0.7
..
5.2
4.0
1.8
1.3
2.9
5.4
19.2
1.2
0.1
9.2
0.9
0.5
0.3
12.1
8.6
0.6
3.9
2.3
..
1.0
..
2.5
..
15.0
..
21.3
5.3
3.1
6.4
12.0
9.3
0.1
0.8
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
0.2
..
<0.1
..
0.3
0.1
<0.1
1.9
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
0.1
..
<0.1
..
0.1
<0.1
(continued)
HIV/AIDS
113
Participating in growth
Table
10.1
HIV/AIDS (continued)
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
<1.0
<0.2
<1.0
6.7
3.9
<1.0
..
1.0
1.4
<0.1
..
3.0
3.9
<0.1
<0.2
..
<0.2
<0.1
<1.0
1.1
<0.1
10.0
..
<0.1
<1.0
11.0
<0.5
<0.1
<0.1
2.2
<0.5
<0.2
10.0
8.4
..
<0.5
..
<0.1
<0.2
2.9
<1.0
<0.5
21.0
<0.5
37.0
23.0
14.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.2
<0.1
9.2 11.0
3.0
2.7
13.0
5.8
15.0
7.1
14.0 15.0
27.0 37.0
..
..
14.0 11.0
7.9 11.0
<0.1 <0.1
..
..
5.7
5.1
48.0 36.0
<0.2 <1.0
1.6
1.7
..
..
1.8
2.4
<0.2 <1.0
15.0 18.0
6.1
4.7
<1.0
1.2
120.0 80.0
12.0 14.0
3.5
3.6
1.3
1.7
64.0 51.0
6.9
4.4
<0.5 <1.0
<0.1 <0.5
36.0 74.0
6.7
6.7
2.9
4.3
200.0 220.0
15.0
4.1
..
1.6
2.6
..
<1.0
2.8
<0.5
..
170.0 310.0
3.0
..
5.7
7.0
110.0 86.0
5.6
7.7
89.0 64.0
66.0 45.0
130.0 83.0
<0.2
<1.0
<0.2
..
<1.0
<0.1
<1.0
1.0
<0.5
..
1.2
<0.1
<0.5
5.6
7.7
<0.1
1.7
1.8
<0.5 11.0
2.3
4.1 11.0
4.8
3.1 11.0 12.0
<0.5 22.0 29.0
..
..
..
<1.0 11.0
8.8
<1.0
4.7
8.1
<0.1 <0.1 <0.1
12.0 23.0 26.0
<1.0
4.8
4.1
2.1 34.0 29.0
<0.1 <0.2 <1.0
<0.1 <1.0
1.0
..
..
..
<0.1
1.4
1.6
<0.1 <0.1 <0.5
<0.5 11.0 14.0
<0.5
2.5
3.1
<0.1 <0.5 <1.0
6.7 98.0 61.0
<0.1 10.0 10.0
<0.1
2.0
2.8
<1.0
1.0
1.4
4.1 53.0 38.0
<0.1
3.8
3.0
<0.1 <0.5 <1.0
<0.1 <0.1 <0.5
1.5 28.0 57.0
<0.2
5.1
2.5
<0.1
2.3
3.3
<0.5 110.0 170.0
5.6 12.0 <1.0
..
..
<0.2
1.3
1.9
..
..
<0.1 <0.5
2.1
<0.1 <0.1
..
2.0 140.0 260.0
<0.1 <0.5
..
<0.2
4.7
4.6
16.0 90.0 69.0
<0.1
3.8
5.3
22.0 76.0 49.0
<1.0 55.0 30.0
9.7 110.0 70.0
3.2
18.0
<1.0
11.0
4.7
9.3
..
5.8
2.9
<0.1
26.0
6.2
12.0
<0.1
<1.0
..
<0.5
<1.0
6.9
15.0
<0.1
22.0
<0.2
<0.2
1.4
22.0
4.3
<0.2
<0.2
3.3
<1.0
<0.2
21.0
13.0
..
<0.5
..
<0.1
<1.0
4.3
3.5
<0.5
27.0
2.0
83.0
46.0
19.0
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
<1.0
<1.0
..
0.5
<0.1
<0.1
<0.5
<0.1
..
<0.5
<0.1
<1.0
<1.0
<0.5
..
<1.0
<0.1
Point estimate
1990 2000 2009
13.0 16.0
2.1
54.0 140.0
5.4
3.7 <0.5
11.0
30.0
16.0 14.0
1.0
45.0
93.0
19.0
9.7
13.0 130.0 140.0
16.0 17.0
10.0 120.0 200.0
33.0 46.0
1.3 100.0 330.0
..
..
..
..
..
20.0 13.0
2.0
69.0 140.0
12.0 15.0
5.1
43.0 120.0
<0.1 <0.1
..
..
<0.1
34.0 40.0
..
..
..
7.1
6.4
6.9
48.0
51.0
65.0 44.0
7.3 230.0 440.0
<0.5
1.4
<0.1
<0.5
4.1
2.5
2.5 <0.5
7.0
19.0
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
3.4 <0.2
6.0
18.0
<1.0
1.2
<0.1
<1.0
2.8
20.0 22.0
1.3
47.0 160.0
14.0
6.9
2.5
36.0
59.0
<1.0
1.6 <0.2
2.2
9.7
140.0 99.0
17.0 710.0 1,200.0
15.0 18.0
<0.1
38.0 130.0
5.7
4.6
<0.1
15.0
52.0
1.5
2.0
6.6
9.4
11.0
77.0 67.0 25.0 380.0 650.0
11.0
6.1 <0.5
29.0
59.0
<1.0
1.0 <0.5
1.3
3.6
<0.2 <1.0
<0.1
<0.2
1.0
45.0 92.0
6.6 180.0 670.0
8.8 11.0 <1.0
23.0
70.0
3.5
5.6 <0.5
13.0
57.0
250.0 260.0 12.0 1,100.0 2,500.0
21.0 97.0 32.0 160.0 130.0
..
..
..
..
2.0
3.5 <1.0
7.3
19.0
..
..
..
..
1.9
3.7
<0.1
1.5
15.0
<1.0
..
..
..
..
210.0 390.0
4.4 430.0 1,900.0
6.5
..
..
..
..
7.1 10.0 <1.0
23.0
69.0
130.0 110.0 53.0 750.0 1,300.0
7.4 10.0 <0.5
19.0
66.0
100.0 80.0 280.0 1,000.0 1,200.0
76.0 60.0
74.0 540.0 690.0
150.0 97.0 29.0 670.0 1,000.0
<0.5
1.3
<0.5
<1.0
<0.1
1.1
1.4
<1.0
..
1.6
<0.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
AIDS orphans
(ages 017, thousands)
Low estimate
1990
2000 2009
High estimate
1990
2000
2009
<1.0
<0.1
<1.0
5.2
7.7
<1.0
..
1.2
2.1
..
46.0
<0.2
4.0
<0.1
<0.1
..
<0.1
<0.1
<1.0
1.1
<0.1
10.0
<0.1
<0.1
4.0
7.1
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
2.1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
19.0
..
<0.5
..
<0.1
..
2.3
..
<0.5
37.0
<0.1
180.0
<0.1
18.0
23.0
3.7
36.0
96.0
98.0
67.0
..
43.0
22.0
..
270.0
31.0
140.0
<0.2
3.2
..
4.1
<0.5
33.0
9.9
1.3
550.0
29.0
7.3
7.3
280.0
11.0
<1.0
<0.1
84.0
17.0
11.0
300.0
130.0
..
5.4
..
<1.0
..
340.0
..
18.0
610.0
8.5
800.0
340.0
550.0
95.0
18.0
71.0
100.0
170.0
270.0
..
110.0
79.0
<0.1
350.0
41.0
330.0
2.5
12.0
..
12.0
1.4
120.0
34.0
7.7
980.0
110.0
34.0
9.3
540.0
36.0
2.7
<0.5
..
50.0
44.0
1,800.0
98.0
..
15.0
..
9.2
..
1,600.0
..
55.0
1,100.0
47.0
1,000.0
570.0
910.0
9.9
95.0 200.0
470.0 110.0
53.0
1.7
59.0 120.0
71.0 180.0 170.0
14.0 150.0 230.0
36.0 210.0 420.0
..
..
..
49.0 100.0 180.0
11.0
79.0 170.0
..
..
<0.1
210.0 430.0 510.0
31.0
72.0
66.0
16.0 410.0 550.0
<0.1
<1.0
6.4
2.6
16.0
28.0
..
..
..
<0.5
9.2
25.0
6.6
6.5
6.5
58.0 110.0 210.0
110.0
97.0 120.0
<0.5
3.1
12.0
40.0 960.0 1,400.0
<0.2
51.0 160.0
<0.5
25.0
76.0
12.0
12.0
14.0
68.0 500.0 780.0
15.0
82.0
93.0
<0.5
1.9
4.8
<0.5
<0.5
<1.0
5.6 150.0
..
1.4
33.0
96.0
<0.5
16.0
73.0
94.0 1,700.0 3,100.0
92.0 240.0 180.0
..
..
..
1.4
9.4
25.0
..
..
..
<0.1
5.1
26.0
..
..
..
7.4 550.0 2,400.0
..
..
..
<1.0
29.0
86.0
75.0 940.0 1,500.0
23.0
39.0
89.0
770.0 1,400.0 1,400.0
210.0 740.0 810.0
53.0 840.0 1,200.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
114
HIV/AIDS
3,053
1,703
12,406
2,084
1,837
9,092
61
2,157
989
1
2,232
441
11,064
365
464
6,721
577
885
3,643
783
383
58,591
8,846
377
17
33,156
1,710
68
41
68,248
6,744
1,737
44,723
7,030
11
917
12
637
188,200
245
8,182
58,833
1,451
46,948
47,175
28,208
19
46
>95
32
12
27
..
34
6
..
..
12
54
26
34
..
30
..
27
17
24
73
64
16
..
58
..
..
..
70
88
..
22
65
..
..
..
19
..
88
2
88
70
26
53
69
56
12
29
74
19
9
18
..
23
3
10
4
8
36
16
21
13
20
43
18
11
16
50
48
10
1
40
26
12
33
51
61
25
15
43
..
16
..
12
0
66
1
68
48
15
37
50
41
36
92
>95
60
22
50
..
67
12
33
11
23
95
50
71
40
60
95
53
34
49
95
95
33
5
95
82
37
95
95
95
74
42
95
..
45
..
36
0
95
3
95
95
67
95
95
95
65
63
11
..
90
3
..
10
..
..
..
..
14
6
3
..
13
6
59
21
10
..
49
25
HIV/AIDS
96.5
0.5
0.0
1.5
0.3
2.6
0.2
..
0.0
0.0
..
0.3
0.0
0.3
..
0.0
3.7
..
..
0.1
0.0
..
6.1
5.3
0.0
0.0
3.1
0.1
..
..
8.4
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.5
0.0
0.1
..
0.2
..
11.4
0.1
0.6
7.1
0.0
7.2
3.4
9.4
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
77.2
0.2
0.1
0.1
0.8
3.3
0.0
..
0.5
1.0
..
0.1
..
1.0
..
..
3.5
..
..
0.2
0.1
0.0
5.5
8.6
..
..
2.9
0.1
0.0
..
7.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.1
..
0.2
..
7.2
0.0
0.3
4.4
0.0
2.8
2.0
3.1
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
..
..
..
3,791.1
12.2
22.9
211.8
41.2
30.0
28.4
0.5
4.5
9.2
0.1
27.6
6.9
67.5
0.9
15.7
211.0
3.9
6.2
58.6
6.9
5.9
377.3
29.6
5.1
9.4
150.1
25.4
0.8
0.9
192.1
119.7
13.0
369.1
135.1
0.1
19.0
0.0
13.2
1.3
564.7
12.0
27.2
257.1
17.2
259.0
223.8
71.2
15.4
1.2
0.7
4.2
0.0
5.7
3.0
4,372.8
24.8
30.2
73.9
40.8
16.1
18.2
2.0
10.4
13.3
0.5
71.5
12.7
90.8
1.6
19.5
464.2
2.2
6.5
33.5
7.2
6.8
399.4
47.7
15.3
11.1
123.0
18.9
0.2
2.1
244.8
123.2
6.4
418.8
202.8
0.1
24.8
0.0
21.5
12.5
567.1
45.0
57.9
361.8
11.3
282.6
218.3
106.4
18.4
1.1
1.9
3.8
..
7.2
4.1
115
Participating in growth
Table
11.1
Malaria
Population
(millions)
2009 2010
Clinical cases of
malaria reporteda
2009
2010
Reported deaths
due to malaria
2009
2010
Children
sleeping under
insecticideUnder-five
treated nets
mortality
(% of children
rate
under age 5)
(per 1,000)
2009 2010
200010 b
125
164
118
49
178
143
138
37
161
175
87
172
94
125
125
63
109
75
101
77
134
152
87
92
109
65
98
182
112
15
140
44
150
147
98
81
79
14
180
180
61
104
82
80
106
103
116
83
29
37
93
24
18
37
17
122
161
115
48
176
142
136
36
159
173
86
170
93
123
121
61
106
74
98
74
130
150
85
85
103
62
92
178
111
15
135
40
143
143
91
80
75
14
174
180
57
103
78
92
103
99
111
80
27
36
91
22
17
36
16
Children with
Pregnant
fever receiving women receiving
ODA
any antimalarial two doses of
disbursements
treatment (% of
intermittent
for malaria
children under
preventive
control
age 5 with fever) treatment (%)
($ millions)
b
b
200010
200009
2009
2010
17.7
20.1
..
9.6
45.2
13.1
..
15.1
9.8
9.3
35.7
6.1
3.0
0.7
48.9
33.1
55.1
49.0
28.2
4.5
35.5
46.7
..
26.4
45.8
56.5
70.2
2.1
..
22.8
34.0
63.7
29.1
69.8
56.2
29.2
..
25.8
11.4
..
25.3
0.6
63.6
56.9
32.8
49.9
17.3
29.3
54.0
..
48.0
17.2
57.8
..
57.0
35.7
62.7
39.1
48.0
36.0
48.6
13.1
9.5
..
63.0
43.0
73.9
51.2
23.2
..
67.2
19.7
30.9
31.7
20.7
..
36.7
20.3
33.0
49.1
10.8
8.4
9.1
..
30.1
7.9
..
35.8
0.6
59.1
33.8
59.6
34.0
23.6
2.5
3.0
..
1.3
..
5.8
..
8.7
..
..
5.1
..
8.3
..
..
..
..
32.5
43.7
2.9
7.4
15.0
..
45.1
6.4
44.5
4.0
..
..
43.1
10.0
0.3
4.9
17.0
59.8
52.2
..
10.3
0.9
..
..
0.5
30.2
18.1
16.2
60.3
6.3
..
19.9
..
..
..
..
..
0.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1,204.4 1,155.1
28.6
30.3
15.1
31.5
..
0.0
21.8
51.3
7.6
22.0
9.6
2.1
..
..
0.0
1.5
0.3
22.7
0.2
4.3
87.5
70.2
0.0
12.1
16.2
58.4
3.4
5.4
0.6
21.6
137.3
56.1
3.9
0.9
6.0
9.0
43.5
71.1
0.0
12.5
1.6
7.0
73.5
71.8
0.0
..
13.0
21.1
26.7
86.3
20.4
29.4
14.7
17.6
0.0
0.5
..
..
26.6
47.3
3.8
1.2
19.5
9.9
318.3
59.3
62.6
33.2
0.0
1.1
27.1
17.5
..
..
4.9
8.5
1.2
5.2
0.0
..
13.3
33.1
2.6
1.4
96.4
96.0
0.3
8.5
54.4
54.9
24.9
20.5
1.8
21.0
0.2
0.1
..
..
0.2
0.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
a. Malaria cases reported before 2000 can be probable and conrmed or only conrmed, depending on the country.
b. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
116
MALARIA
Table
12.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
44,070
239
682
279
1,083
561
648
196
242
561
50
2,357
283
2,402
31
144
3,819
77
127
1,582
214
147
1,776
122
513
444
771
984
373
155
2,012
326
469
1,657
934
31
1,016
23
448
662
1,075
2,351
56
2,933
499
1,785
1,267
736
3,159
319
167
999
41
930
503
44,589
238
689
156
1,062
630
541
328
261
486
67
3,543
1,312
845
85
161
3,525
104
120
1,693
218
139
1,629
256
1,419
470
1,023
1,089
374
125
1,952
256
745
2,062
1,032
49
928
56
467
498
1,031
2,076
91
2,958
419
1,723
914
732
2,730
198
132
592
9
993
550
22,564
131
326
223
453
264
268
162
99
356
28
1,099
226
1,721
25
43
1,817
53
22
821
171
51
1,224
71
341
242
435
575
122
64
1,288
247
255
688
520
20
514
12
196
500
861
1,911
19
1,409
362
1,013
701
620
1,965
200
98
580
32
705
350
23,912
150
339
106
456
283
266
248
113
285
22
2,387
1,215
438
79
34
1,927
84
33
900
92
54
1,159
94
703
214
517
684
106
58
1,357
211
381
849
548
33
534
29
200
308
822
1,509
31
1,655
253
1,033
593
521
1,579
143
99
366
17
599
355
191
10
3
0
2
0
1
0
1
0
1
3
0
2
0
15
20
0
1
6
-4
1
5
5
1
2
4
2
21
-2
2
1
2
2
3
0
5
0
0
10
3
61
-1
-1
1
4
2
0
42
12
11
122
1
-98
-6
248
3
1
0
5
0
0
-1
1
-1
16
8
1
2
0
20
35
0
1
4
-2
1
5
3
2
9
2
0
18
-2
4
1
3
3
2
..
14
17
1
8
2
50
1
5
1
4
0
-2
100
-2
8
79
1
11
3
16,387
98
353
56
628
297
380
34
143
205
21
1,255
57
678
6
86
1,983
25
105
755
47
95
547
47
171
201
332
408
231
93
723
78
212
967
411
11
497
11
252
152
211
379
38
1,526
136
768
564
115
951
107
58
296
8
323
159
16,376
85
349
51
598
347
274
81
148
202
28
1,147
96
406
6
105
1,562
20
85
789
128
85
464
159
715
246
504
404
250
69
590
44
361
1,210
482
16
379
10
266
181
207
487
60
1,298
165
686
321
209
795
57
25
148
-10
382
192
(continued)
117
Table
12.1
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
10,992
3,957
-35
96
2
-27
41
17
6
20
-6
-29
160
-1,889
404
4
241
-294
11
345
-11
-12
595
-3
915
270
39
-26
50
1,628
43
307
17
2,299
81
3
292
39
12
6
1,247
16
-3
204
-86
98
-13
-95
10,730
2,917
50
5,601
1,157
792
54
19,305
289
24
84
9
64
-340
-28
-10
-21
1
-760
-32
-74
42
-1
108
457
-2
720
-10
7
-12
-4
890
104
42
-42
-48
4,029
847
-398
-64
-366
-35
-4
1
124
-13
-16
2,237
29
-6
94
-24
66
45
30
6,727
530
-49
4,896
-437
2,167
-533
10,980
3,957
-35
96
2
-27
41
17
6
20
-6
-29
160
-1,889
404
4
240
-294
11
345
-11
-12
595
-3
915
270
39
-27
50
1,628
43
307
17
2,299
81
3
292
39
12
6
1,247
5
-3
204
-86
98
-13
-95
10,653
2,915
50
5,566
1,119
790
53
19,275
289
24
84
9
64
-340
-28
-10
-21
1
-760
-32
-74
42
-1
108
457
-2
719
-10
7
-12
-4
890
104
42
-42
-48
4,029
847
-398
-64
-366
-35
-4
-19
124
-13
-16
2,229
29
-6
94
-24
66
45
30
6,685
529
-49
4,880
-447
2,160
-540
12
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
..
0
0
..
..
0
11
..
..
..
..
..
..
78
2
..
35
38
2
1
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
30
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0
..
..
0
..
..
..
1
..
20
..
..
..
8
0
..
..
..
..
..
..
42
1
..
16
10
7
8
4.6
0.3
10.4
2.4
13.0
30.9
2.9
12.2
12.2
7.9
9.4
21.0
3.0
10.4
0.3
7.7
12.0
0.7
13.0
6.1
5.2
17.6
5.8
7.2
58.3
5.2
16.3
11.0
12.3
1.8
20.8
3.7
8.9
1.0
17.8
15.5
8.0
2.7
24.2
..
0.4
4.3
1.9
13.7
15.8
11.3
9.9
12.6
0.6
0.2
15.9
0.5
0.1
1.0
1.2
4.0
0.3
10.5
1.1
12.0
31.1
2.4
19.8
13.2
5.7
12.4
27.0
10.9
3.7
0.6
7.6
11.9
0.8
11.5
5.3
4.6
16.7
5.1
11.8
143.7
5.4
20.2
11.6
10.4
1.3
21.2
2.3
13.8
1.1
18.4
24.5
7.2
5.8
24.5
..
0.3
3.1
2.5
12.9
13.2
10.0
5.7
9.8
0.5
0.1
..
0.3
..
1.1
1.2
53.51
12.86
79.29
140.88
67.74
68.7
33.81
397.87
56.05
51.27
70.48
36.71
71.87
124.11
46.23
28.19
47.04
52.26
75.8
66.39
21.96
98.75
45.01
56.95
133.62
22.06
53.41
66.02
110.57
121.54
88.04
145.19
31.34
10.73
90.54
187.74
83.94
260.72
78.1
72.55
21.79
71.3
53.69
67.39
84.47
55.14
99.58
59.02
19.28
9.12
191.16
12.53
6.56
29.39
48.16
52.8
12.48
77.87
77.8
64.51
75.15
27.58
661.07
59.31
43.29
91.49
53.71
324.58
42.81
120.95
30.56
42.5
69.08
69.54
69.39
21.81
91.95
40.2
118.01
355.34
22.69
68.64
70.83
108.22
97.8
83.43
112.31
48
13.02
97.16
298.07
74.61
647.67
79.56
53.32
20.61
61.77
86.64
65.97
69.49
51.56
70.74
58.26
16.41
5.59
148.8
7.3
1.34
31.06
52.17
23.6
2.1
41.0
7.6
..
164.3
..
31.3
113.6
24.2
76.0
73.3
13.1
91.8
0.6
..
53.2
2.6
72.1
26.6
24.2
..
29.9
25.5
237.0
15.9
65.6
..
40.3
8.3
100.4
13.0
..
..
82.3
..
28.5
12.3
156.8
..
2.0
17.1
17.2
47.4
87.6
46.8
44.7
581.5
1.8
0.5
..
2.8
..
2.9
4.7
20.8
2.3
40.3
3.6
..
172.6
..
42.2
..
17.4
..
..
53.3
26.8
2.1
..
55.2
3.0
59.0
19.6
23.0
..
26.2
42.0
416.4
..
81.7
..
37.9
5.4
85.9
9.0
..
..
87.4
..
24.9
..
155.1
..
1.5
13.3
22.3
44.7
69.9
42.7
25.2
329.9
1.5
0.3
..
1.4
..
3.1
4.7
a. As of end-July 2011.
118
Share of imports of
goods and services (%)
Share of central
government
expenditures (%)
Cereal
Non-cereal
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
2009
2010
11.6
0.5
29.5
5.2
53.2
104.3
9.3
16.9
..
..
..
..
..
24.2
..
..
42.0
..
35.2
13.8
13.6
47.9
15.4
5.4
27.7
..
34.8
29.6
..
2.8
40.9
5.9
17.7
2.6
61.0
29.1
18.1
1.9
65.8
..
1.2
18.5
2.0
37.1
28.1
31.0
27.9
..
1.7
0.6
28.1
1.8
0.1
2.3
2.2
9.8
0.5
..
2.5
..
101.8
8.0
27.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
35.3
..
36.4
11.7
11.5
..
11.8
9.0
78.6
..
..
..
..
2.0
39.7
4.0
..
2.2
60.8
36.3
..
4.5
49.8
..
0.9
15.1
3.0
31.6
..
25.6
13.0
..
1.3
0.4
26.5
0.9
0.0
2.4
2.1
..
..
68.1
..
102.5
..
..
44.8
..
..
..
111.8
..
58.5
..
..
..
..
..
33.8
..
..
27.8
..
..
..
..
74.9
..
8.1
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
9.1
104.5
..
1.2
..
..
..
100.5
86.8
56.5
..
..
0.9
..
1.8
..
3.7
4.3
..
..
69.5
..
99.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
196.3
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.6
..
..
..
..
..
..
5.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
18.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
91.6
..
32.9
..
..
..
..
1.0
..
3.6
4.6
3,305
0
17
0
22
48
9
18
17
100
8
151
4
30
0
0
1,036
0
2
38
11
2
217
6
22
21
91
23
28
0
166
0
41
0
22
5
14
0
15
318
0
433
2
24
25
121
12
185
33
12
21
1
..
0
0
3,262
4
18
0
40
31
14
16
8
108
0
165
7
21
0
0
1,364
0
18
7
4
4
240
6
25
21
35
19
37
0
78
1
154
0
7
3
23
0
22
71
0
473
17
37
2
77
6
79
30
19
8
3
..
0
0
469
0
2
0
6
15
1
1
5
10
0
39
3
4
0
0
85
0
2
1
4
0
53
1
4
2
6
7
2
0
3
0
7
0
7
0
5
0
2
44
0
79
0
5
0
16
4
44
12
9
2
1
..
0
0
103
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
41
0
5
0
0
3
1
0
3
5
3
6
2
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
18
0
1
1
0
3
0
0
0
1
0
4
0
0
0
0
..
0
0
Decision
pointa
In nominal terms
Debt service Assistance Total HIPC
delivered
and MDRI
relief
Completion committed under MDRI assistance
($ millions)a ($ millions)a ($ millions)a
pointa
..
Jul. 2000
..
Jul. 2000
Aug. 2005
Oct. 2000
..
Sep. 2007
May 2001
Jun. 2010
Jul. 2003
Mar. 2006
Mar. 2009
..
..
Nov. 2001
..
Dec. 2000
Feb. 2002
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
..
..
Mar. 2008
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Sep. 2000
Feb. 2000
..
Apr. 2000
..
Dec. 2000
..
Dec. 2000
Dec. 2000
Jun. 2000
..
Mar. 2002
..
..
..
..
Apr. 2000
Nov. 2008
Feb. 2000
Dec. 2000
..
..
Mar. 2003
..
Apr. 2002
Jan. 2009
Apr. 2006
..
Jun. 2009
..
..
Jul. 2010
Jan. 2010
..
..
..
Apr. 2004
..
Dec. 2007
Jul. 2004
..
Dec. 2010
..
..
Jun. 2010
Oct. 2004
Aug. 2006
Mar. 2003
Jun. 2002
..
Sep. 2001
..
Apr. 2004
..
Apr. 2005
Mar. 2007
Apr. 2004
..
Dec. 2006
..
..
..
..
Nov. 2001
Dec. 2010
May. 2000
Apr. 2005
..
..
460
..
930
1,366
4,917
..
804
260
136
15,222
1,738
3,415
..
..
3,275
..
112
3,500
800
790
..
..
4,600
1,900
1,628
895
1,100
..
4,300
..
1,190
..
1,316
263
850
..
994
..
..
..
..
3,000
360
1,950
3,900
..
..
1,136
..
1,217
102
1,285
..
301
..
..
1,051
204
..
..
..
3,280
..
383
3,868
..
146
..
..
266
2,393
1,577
1,992
883
..
2,032
..
1,062
..
512
69
2,470
..
665
..
..
..
..
3,810
713
3,493
2,747
..
..
1,596
..
2,147
1,468
6,202
..
1,105
260
136
16,273
1,941
3,415
..
..
6,555
..
495
7,368
800
790
..
..
4,866
4,293
3,205
2,887
1,983
..
6,332
..
2,252
..
1,827
333
3,320
..
1,659
..
..
..
..
6,810
360
5,443
6,647
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
119
Table
12.2
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angolad
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.d
Cte d'Ivoired
Equatorial Guinead
Eritread
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinead
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritiusd
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychellesd
Sierra Leone
Somaliad
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwed
NORTH AFRICA
Algeriad
Djiboutid
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libyad
Morocco
Tunisiad
PDI-2
PDI-3
Operational
national
development
strategiesa
2010
Reliable public
financial
managementb
2010
..
B
B
C
D
C
D
D
D
D
D
..
..
..
..
B
D
C
B
..
D
B
C
D
D
B
C
C
..
B
C
C
B
A
D
C
..
C
..
B
B
D
A
B
B
B
..
..
3.5
..
4.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
..
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
C
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
43
63
84
52
84
51
0
43
97
53
..
..
..
..
48
92
33
93
..
39
72
66
5
46
90
66
..
..
90
43
85
..
71
91
67
..
52
..
0
35
..
92
89
96
52
..
..
82
65
49
53
34
40
83
90
54
34
..
..
..
..
86
50
68
59
..
82
42
96
77
82
66
62
72
..
28
48
55
80
92
73
80
..
86
..
88
78
83
26
37
76
79
..
..
29
65
53
23
11
29
29
7
15
13
..
..
..
..
69
32
12
60
..
15
58
38
42
12
66
32
31
..
47
9
29
33
50
7
29
..
37
..
25
14
4
79
54
66
52
..
..
40
53
60
31
23
79
29
5
30
9
..
..
..
..
55
30
33
56
..
8
38
42
32
13
62
36
34
..
56
14
23
36
64
43
38
..
21
..
30
8
12
72
47
43
54
..
..
..
B
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24
..
98
..
..
..
78
..
81
..
..
..
49
..
86
..
..
..
56
..
71
..
Reliable country
procurement
systemsc
2007
Government
budget estimates
comprehensive
and realistic (%)
2010
PDI-4
PDI-5
Technical
Aid for government Aid for government
assistance aligned sectors uses country
sectors uses
and coordinated
public financial
of country
with country
management
procurement
programs (%)
systems (%)
systems (%)
2010
2010
2010
Note: See technical notes for further details. PDI is a Paris Declaration Indicator.
a. Ratings range from A to E, where A means the development strategy substantially achieves good practices; B means it is largely developed toward achieving good practices; C means it
reects action taken toward achieving good practices; D means it incorporates some elements of good practice; and E means it reects little action toward achieving good practices.
b. Ratings range from 1 (low) to 6 (high).
c. Ratings range from A (high) to D (low). Indicator was not collected in 2005.
d. Did not take part in the Survey on Monitoring the Paris Declaration.
120
PDI-6
Project
implementation
units parallel to
country structures
(number)
2010
PDI-8
PDI-9
Aid disbursements
on schedule
and recorded by
government (%)
2010
Aid provided in
the framework of
program-based
approaches (%)
2010
Donor missions
coordinated (%)
2010
Country analysis
coordinated (%)
2010
..
40
53
60
31
23
79
29
5
30
9
..
..
..
..
55
30
33
56
..
8
38
42
32
13
62
36
34
..
56
14
23
36
64
43
38
..
21
..
30
8
12
72
47
43
54
..
..
18
0
75
48
36
55
0
84
11
59
..
..
..
..
86
28
8
67
..
22
45
25
2
59
96
34
..
..
84
0
72
92
74
71
62
..
58
..
93
36
94
97
46
74
0
..
..
97
95
98
90
95
41
91
80
100
93
..
..
..
..
86
100
55
92
..
86
90
96
92
92
88
88
55
..
90
99
84
100
97
90
95
..
94
..
99
88
92
96
98
95
98
..
..
50
12
50
49
28
33
0
11
19
37
..
..
..
..
61
18
12
57
..
31
36
43
12
9
51
44
27
..
51
14
41
47
67
17
42
..
34
..
61
1
25
60
35
49
45
..
..
19
5
18
14
12
21
26
12
9
22
..
..
..
..
25
12
8
15
..
17
28
12
12
7
22
17
23
..
15
17
3
11
44
13
25
..
14
..
52
12
18
26
12
24
27
..
..
61
62
48
33
40
48
26
41
20
36
..
..
..
..
52
46
54
42
..
44
56
54
43
29
51
40
50
..
35
60
34
26
82
33
54
..
34
..
39
38
23
48
43
56
50
..
..
D
C
C
D
B
C
C
D
D
C
..
..
..
..
B
D
D
C
..
D
B
C
C
D
C
C
C
..
C
C
C
C
C
D
C
..
C
..
B
C
D
B
C
C
C
..
..
Yes
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
No
No
..
..
..
..
Yes
No
No
Yes
..
No
No
No
No
No
Yes
Yes
No
..
Yes
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
..
No
..
No
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
..
..
..
56
..
71
..
..
69
..
79
..
..
82
..
57
..
..
49
..
59
..
..
20
..
19
..
..
38
..
44
..
..
B
..
..
..
..
No
..
Yes
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
PDI-7
PDI-10
PDI-11
Existence of
a monitorable
performance
assessment
frameworka
2010
PDI-12
Existence
of a mutual
accountability
review
2010
121
Table
12.3
Capable states
Firms that believe
the court system is
fair, impartial, and
uncorrupt (%)
200911b
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Investment climate
Viewed by firms as major or very
severe constraints (% of firms)
Crime, theft,
Corruption
and disorder
b
200911
200911b
23.6
..
6.4
..
..
..
..
8.9
..
..
33.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
15.9
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.6
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
41.4
..
..
72.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.5
..
1.5
..
..
..
..
25.6
..
..
1.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
0.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Number of
procedures
2011
655
1,011
795
625
446
832
800
425
660
743
506
610
560
770
553
405
620
1,070
434
487
276
1,715
465
785
1,280
871
312
620
370
645
730
270
545
457
230
1,185
780
915
515
..
600
810
972
462
588
490
471
410
788
630
1,225
1,010
..
510
565
Enforcing contracts
Time required
(days)
2011
50
44
65
28
82
39
47
20
82
46
89
152
53
42
19
23
15
34
38
23
45
25
47
20
35
42
94
52
23
17
143
36
60
32
79
51
27
15
150
..
33
20
56
14
48
45
39
113
26
22
34
26
..
25
22
Cost
(% of claim)
2011
39.0
46.0
42.0
28.0
37.0
44.0
43.0
37.0
43.0
41.0
43.0
43.0
44.0
33.0
40.0
39.0
37.0
38.0
33.0
36.0
49.0
40.0
40.0
40.0
41.0
38.0
42.0
36.0
46.0
36.0
30.0
33.0
39.0
40.0
24.0
43.0
43.0
37.0
39.0
..
29.0
53.0
40.0
38.0
41.0
38.0
35.0
38.0
41.0
45.0
40.0
41.0
..
40.0
39.0
122
Disclosure
index
2011
5
5
6
7
6
8
6
1
6
6
6
3
6
6
6
4
4
6
2
7
6
6
3
2
4
5
4
6
5
6
5
5
6
5
7
3
6
4
6
..
8
0
2
3
6
2
3
8
6
6
5
8
..
7
5
Protecting investors
(0 least desirable to 10 most desirable)
Director liability
Shareholder
Investor protection
index
suits index
indexa
2011
2011
2011
4
6
1
8
1
6
1
5
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
5
4
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
6
7
1
3
8
4
5
1
7
9
1
1
8
7
..
8
6
5
4
1
5
6
1
4
6
2
3
..
2
7
5
6
3
3
4
4
6
6
5
3
5
4
3
3
4
5
5
3
5
6
1
5
10
8
6
6
5
4
3
9
9
6
3
5
3
6
2
5
6
..
8
4
6
8
4
5
7
4
4
4
0
5
..
6
6
4.5
5.7
3.3
6.0
3.7
6.0
4.3
4.0
4.0
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.3
3.3
3.7
4.7
4.3
3.3
2.7
6.0
2.7
4.0
5.0
3.7
3.7
5.7
5.3
3.7
3.7
7.7
6.0
5.3
3.3
5.7
6.3
3.3
3.0
5.7
6.3
..
8.0
3.3
4.3
5.0
3.7
4.0
5.3
4.3
4.8
5.3
2.3
5.3
..
5.0
6.0
Number of tax
payments
2011
Time required
to prepare, file,
and pay taxes
(hours)
2011
37
31
55
19
46
24
44
41
54
54
20
32
61
62
46
18
19
26
50
33
56
46
41
21
33
23
19
59
37
7
37
37
41
35
18
42
59
21
29
..
9
42
33
48
53
32
37
49
24
29
35
29
..
17
8
318
282
270
152
270
274
654
186
504
732
100
336
606
270
492
216
198
488
376
224
416
208
393
324
158
201
157
270
696
161
230
375
270
938
148
424
666
76
357
..
200
180
104
172
270
213
132
242
270
451
82
433
..
238
144
57.09
53.2
66.0
19.4
43.6
46.2
49.1
37.8
54.6
65.4
217.9
339.7
65.9
44.3
46.0
84.5
31.1
43.5
283.5
33.6
54.3
45.9
49.6
16.0
43.7
36.6
28.2
51.8
68.3
25.0
34.3
9.8
43.8
32.7
31.3
32.5
46.0
32.2
32.1
..
33.1
36.1
36.8
45.5
49.5
35.7
14.5
35.6
53.4
72.0
38.7
43.6
..
49.6
62.9
Extractive Industries
Transparency
Initiative status
2011
Candidate
Candidate
Compliant
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Compliant
Candidate
Compliant
Suspended
Compliant
Compliant
Candidate
Compliant
Compliant
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
Candidate
123
Table
12.4
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
Voice and
accountability
1996
2010
Political stability
and absence
of violence
1996
2010
Government
effectiveness
1996
2010
Regulatory
quality
1996
2010
Rule of law
1996
2010
Control of
corruption
1996
2010
-1.6
0.1
0.9
-0.8
-1.6
-1.0
0.7
-0.9
-1.0
-0.7
-1.7
-1.0
-0.6
-1.5
-1.5
-1.1
-0.3
-1.3
-0.4
-1.4
-1.1
-0.6
-0.7
-1.5
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.5
0.8
-0.3
0.4
-1.7
-1.7
-1.5
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.7
-2.1
0.8
-1.9
-1.3
-0.7
-1.0
-0.9
-0.4
-0.7
-1.1
0.3
0.4
-0.2
-0.9
-1.1
0.9
-1.1
-1.4
-0.4
-1.4
-1.0
-1.1
-1.9
-2.2
-1.3
-0.9
-1.1
0.5
-0.9
-0.9
-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.8
-0.2
0.2
-0.9
0.7
-0.1
0.3
-0.6
-0.8
-1.3
0.1
-0.3
0.1
-0.2
-2.0
0.5
-1.7
-1.3
-0.1
-1.0
-0.5
-0.3
-1.5
-2.1
1.0
0.9
-0.4
-2.3
-1.1
1.0
-1.2
-1.0
0.4
-2.8
-1.3
-0.1
-0.3
-0.9
-1.0
0.0
0.4
-0.3
-1.2
-1.6
-0.8
0.2
-2.6
0.1
-0.5
0.3
0.3
0.9
-0.2
0.7
-0.2
-1.2
-2.1
1.0
-0.7
1.0
-2.0
-2.7
-0.5
-2.5
-0.1
-0.7
-0.5
-1.6
-0.2
-0.5
-0.2
0.3
0.9
-0.1
-1.5
-0.6
0.8
-2.1
-1.5
-0.4
-2.2
-0.2
-1.6
0.2
-0.9
-1.7
0.2
0.1
0.0
-1.8
-0.8
-1.2
0.5
-0.5
-1.1
0.1
-0.3
-1.3
0.5
0.3
0.8
-1.1
-2.0
-0.1
0.1
-0.4
0.8
-0.2
-3.1
0.0
-2.7
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
-1.1
0.5
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
0.5
-1.0
-1.7
-1.0
..
-1.5
-0.7
-1.7
-1.7
-1.2
-0.1
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-0.3
-0.6
-0.1
-1.2
-1.5
-0.3
-0.1
-1.9
-0.6
-0.5
-1.2
-0.1
0.3
-0.1
0.5
-1.2
-1.0
-1.2
-0.4
0.0
0.6
-1.5
-2.1
0.9
-1.1
-0.7
-0.7
-0.8
-0.7
-1.1
-0.2
-1.1
-0.5
0.5
-0.6
-1.1
-0.9
-0.1
-1.4
-1.5
-1.7
-1.7
-1.2
-1.3
-1.7
-1.4
-0.3
-0.9
-0.7
0.0
-1.1
-1.0
-0.5
-0.4
-1.2
-0.8
-0.4
-0.9
-0.9
0.8
-0.5
0.1
-0.7
-1.2
-0.1
-0.7
-0.5
0.2
-1.2
-2.2
0.3
-1.4
-0.5
-0.5
-1.4
-0.6
-0.8
-1.6
-1.5
-0.2
0.7
-0.3
-1.7
-1.1
-0.6
-0.9
-1.3
-1.2
-1.8
-1.3
-0.5
-1.6
-1.2
-1.3
0.1
-0.9
-0.4
-0.7
-0.8
-0.4
-0.4
-2.0
-1.0
-0.3
-0.5
-0.5
0.0
-0.5
0.4
-1.1
-0.8
-1.5
-0.7
-0.2
0.3
-1.6
-2.5
0.4
-1.4
-0.2
-0.4
-0.4
0.2
-0.4
-1.0
-1.0
-0.3
0.5
-0.1
-1.1
-0.7
-0.1
-1.1
-1.1
-1.5
-1.6
-1.3
-0.9
-1.4
-2.2
-0.9
-0.6
-0.4
0.1
-1.1
-1.1
-0.1
-0.6
-1.1
-0.6
-0.6
-0.5
-0.8
0.8
-0.4
0.1
-0.5
-0.8
-0.2
-0.8
-0.3
-0.6
-0.7
-2.4
0.4
-1.4
-0.6
-0.4
-0.9
-0.1
-0.5
-2.0
-1.6
-0.1
0.5
-0.9
-1.5
-1.4
0.5
-1.5
-0.9
-1.1
-1.9
-1.5
-0.8
-1.0
-0.3
-0.8
-0.5
0.1
-0.3
-1.5
-2.1
-1.0
0.1
-2.2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.5
-0.3
0.9
-0.8
0.3
-1.0
-1.2
-1.5
0.2
-0.2
1.0
-1.5
-2.3
0.0
-1.6
-0.6
-0.2
-0.7
-0.6
-0.6
-0.7
-1.2
-0.7
0.7
-0.2
-1.2
-1.0
0.4
-1.3
-1.5
-1.1
-1.6
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.3
-0.8
-0.5
-0.5
-0.1
-1.5
-1.4
-1.0
-0.3
-1.0
-0.8
-0.1
-0.5
-0.9
0.8
-0.5
0.2
-0.6
-1.2
-0.3
-0.7
-0.4
0.0
-0.9
-2.4
0.1
-1.3
-0.5
-0.5
-0.9
-0.4
-0.5
-1.8
-1.2
-0.9
0.6
0.2
-1.4
-1.2
..
-1.4
-0.9
-0.9
-2.1
-1.1
0.2
-1.3
0.4
-1.2
-1.0
-0.4
-0.2
-0.5
-1.1
-1.0
-0.5
-1.7
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
0.0
0.5
-0.4
0.7
-1.1
-1.2
-0.9
0.0
-0.2
0.9
-0.8
-1.7
0.8
-1.3
0.0
-1.0
-0.8
-0.6
-1.0
-0.3
-1.3
-0.8
1.0
-0.4
-1.1
-1.0
0.8
-0.8
-1.3
-0.7
-1.4
-1.1
-1.1
-1.5
-0.5
-0.7
-0.8
-0.6
0.1
-1.2
-1.1
-0.9
0.2
-0.5
-0.3
-0.4
-0.7
-0.7
0.7
-0.4
0.3
-0.7
-1.0
0.5
-0.4
-0.7
0.3
-0.8
-1.7
0.1
-1.3
-0.2
-0.5
-1.0
-0.9
-0.6
-1.4
-1.3
-1.0
-0.7
-1.4
-0.4
-0.5
-1.0
-1.1
-1.2
-1.9
-0.8
-1.3
-2.0
-0.4
-0.6
-1.0
-0.3
0.1
-1.3
0.3
-0.9
-0.1
-0.5
0.1
-0.9
-0.9
-0.1
-0.9
0.0
0.4
-0.6
-1.0
-0.4
-1.2
-0.2
0.2
-0.8
-1.0
0.0
-1.8
-0.2
0.0
-1.1
-0.7
-0.2
-1.2
-0.1
0.0
-1.2
-0.8
0.1
-0.9
0.3
-0.1
-0.8
-0.7
-0.1
-1.0
-0.2
0.1
-0.5
-0.5
-0.1
-0.8
0.3
-0.2
-0.5
-0.3
-0.6
-1.3
-0.2
-0.1
a. The rating scale for each criterion varies from -2.5 (weak performance) to 2.5 (very high performance).
b. A score of 81-100 indicates that a given country provides extensive information in its budget documents, a score of 61-80 indicates signicant information, 41-60 indicates some
information, 21-40 indicates minimal information, and zero-20 indicates scant or no information. In 2008, based on inputs received, the International Budget Partnership (IBP) made three
changes in the methodology applied to its Open Budget Survey, which is the basis for the Open Budget Index (OBI).
c. Data are for the most recent year available during the period specied.
124
Share of firms
(%)
Expected to pay
informal payment
to public officials
to get things done
201011c
Expected to give
gifts to obtain an
operating license
201011c
Expected to give
gifts in meetings
with tax officials
201011c
Expected to give
gifts to secure a
government contract
201011c
Identifying
corruption as a
major constraint
201011c
48.9
..
7.3
..
..
..
..
41.8
..
..
65.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
19.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
39.0
..
2.9
..
..
..
..
5.8
..
..
53.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
42.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
34.2
..
8.4
..
..
..
..
16.8
..
..
54.4
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
20.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
58.5
..
1.0
..
..
..
..
40.8
..
..
75.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
22.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
75.6
..
27.4
..
..
..
..
41.4
..
..
72.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
24.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
1.9
2.8
5.8
3.1
1.8
2.2
5.1
2.1
1.7
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.9
2.6
2.7
2.8
3.2
4.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
3.5
3.3
2.6
3.4
2.7
2.3
5.4
2.7
4.4
2.6
2.4
4.0
3.0
2.9
4.8
2.4
1.1
4.5
1.6
3.2
2.7
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.4
2.0
3.0
6.1
3.0
1.9
2.5
5.5
2.2
2.0
2.4
2.0
2.2
2.2
1.9
2.5
2.7
3.0
3.5
3.9
2.1
2.2
2.2
3.5
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.4
5.1
2.7
4.4
2.5
2.4
5.0
3.0
2.9
4.8
2.5
1.0
4.1
1.6
3.1
3.0
2.4
2.4
3.2
2.2
3.0
..
62.0
14.0
..
5.0
..
..
7.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
49.0
..
..
57.0
..
2.0
..
28.0
..
..
..
..
47.0
26.0
19.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
..
..
..
87.0
0.0
..
35.0
..
51.0
47.0
26.0
..
51.0
5.0
..
2.0
..
..
0.4
..
6.0
..
..
0.0
..
..
..
..
54.0
..
..
49.0
..
40.0
..
47.0
35.0
..
..
28.0
53.0
3.0
18.0
11.0
0.0
3.0
..
..
..
92.0
8.0
..
45.0
..
55.0
36.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.9
3.2
3.1
2.2
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.0
3.4
3.8
..
1.0
43.0
..
27.0
..
1.0
..
49.0
..
28.0
..
Mean corruption
perceptions index score
(0 low to 10 high)
2010
2011
125
Table
12.5
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswanac
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guineac
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiac
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somaliad
South Africac
Sudan
Swazilandc
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeriac
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.c
Libyac
Moroccoc
Tunisiac
126
Averageb
2009
2011
Economic management
Macroeconomic
management
Fiscal policy
2009
2011
2009
2011
Debt policy
2009
2011
3.2
2.8
3.5
..
3.8
3.1
3.2
4.2
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.8
2.8
..
2.2
3.4
..
3.3
3.8
2.8
2.6
3.7
3.5
2.8
3.5
3.4
3.7
3.2
..
3.7
..
3.3
3.5
3.8
2.9
3.7
..
3.2
..
..
2.5
..
3.8
2.8
3.9
3.4
1.9
3.2
2.7
3.5
..
3.8
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.7
3.0
2.9
..
2.2
3.5
..
3.5
3.9
2.9
2.8
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.6
3.2
..
3.7
..
3.4
3.4
3.8
3.1
3.8
..
3.3
..
..
2.4
..
3.7
3.0
3.8
3.5
2.2
3.4
3.0
3.7
..
4.3
3.3
3.7
4.5
3.0
2.5
2.3
3.2
3.0
2.8
..
1.8
3.7
..
3.5
3.7
2.3
2.2
4.2
4.0
3.2
3.7
3.2
4.3
3.2
..
4.5
..
3.8
4.3
3.8
2.8
4.0
..
3.7
..
..
2.7
..
4.3
2.8
4.5
3.5
1.7
3.4
3.0
3.5
..
4.2
3.2
3.7
3.8
3.3
2.5
2.5
3.2
3.5
2.8
..
1.8
3.7
..
3.5
3.8
2.8
3.0
4.2
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.2
4.2
3.3
..
4.5
..
3.8
4.0
3.8
2.8
4.0
..
3.7
..
..
2.3
..
4.2
3.2
4.2
3.7
1.8
3.6
3.0
4.0
..
4.5
3.5
4.0
4.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
2.0
3.5
..
4.0
3.5
2.5
2.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
3.5
..
4.5
..
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
..
4.0
..
..
3.5
..
4.5
3.0
4.5
4.0
2.0
3.6
3.0
4.0
..
4.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
2.0
3.0
..
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
4.5
3.5
..
4.5
..
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
..
4.0
..
..
3.0
..
4.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
3.4
3.0
3.5
..
4.5
3.5
4.0
4.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
..
2.0
4.0
..
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.5
..
4.5
..
3.5
4.5
4.0
3.0
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
3.0
..
4.5
3.0
4.5
3.0
2.0
3.4
3.0
3.0
..
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
2.0
4.0
..
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
..
4.5
..
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
2.0
3.2
3.0
3.5
..
4.0
3.0
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
..
1.5
3.5
..
3.0
4.0
2.0
1.5
4.0
4.0
2.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
3.5
..
4.5
..
4.0
4.5
3.5
2.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
1.5
..
4.0
2.5
4.5
3.5
1.0
3.3
3.0
3.5
..
4.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
3.5
2.0
..
1.5
4.0
..
3.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
..
4.5
..
4.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
1.5
..
4.0
3.0
4.5
3.5
1.5
..
3.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Structural policies
Averageb
Trade
Financial sector
2009
2011
2009
2011
2009
2011
3.2
2.8
3.7
..
3.5
3.0
3.2
3.8
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.5
3.0
3.3
..
1.5
3.2
..
3.3
4.0
3.3
3.2
4.0
3.3
2.8
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.3
..
3.7
..
3.3
3.5
3.8
3.0
3.8
..
3.2
..
..
2.7
..
3.8
3.2
3.8
3.5
2.2
3.2
2.7
3.7
..
3.5
3.2
3.2
4.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.3
..
1.5
3.2
..
3.7
4.2
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.2
2.8
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.2
..
3.5
..
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.2
4.0
..
3.2
..
..
2.5
..
3.8
3.0
4.0
3.7
2.3
3.7
4.0
4.0
..
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
1.5
3.0
..
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
..
4.5
..
4.0
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.0
3.6
3.5
4.0
..
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
..
1.5
3.0
..
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
4.5
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
4.0
4.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
..
1.0
3.0
..
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
..
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
1.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
..
1.0
3.0
..
3.5
4.0
2.5
2.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
..
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.0
3.1
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
..
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
4.0
2.5
4.0
..
3.0
..
..
3.0
..
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
3.0
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
..
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
4.5
2.5
2.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.0
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
2.5
4.0
3.5
2.0
..
3.7
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
4.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
127
Table
12.5
Averageb
2009
2011
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswanac
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guineac
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibiac
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somaliad
South Africac
Sudan
Swazilandc
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeriac
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.c
Libyac
Moroccoc
Tunisiac
Gender equality
2009
2011
Equity of public
resource use
2009
2011
Building human
resources
2009
2011
Social protection
and labor
2009
2011
Policies and
institutions for
environmental
sustainability
2009
2011
3.1
2.9
3.3
..
3.6
3.3
3.1
4.3
2.5
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.4
..
2.8
3.6
..
3.3
3.9
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.3
2.5
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.4
..
3.3
..
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.8
3.4
..
3.1
..
..
2.3
..
3.7
2.7
3.8
3.5
1.6
3.2
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
2.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
..
3.5
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.2
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
2.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.5
3.0
..
4.0
3.5
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
..
2.5
4.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
2.0
4.0
3.5
1.5
3.3
2.5
3.5
..
4.0
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
..
2.5
4.0
..
4.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
4.0
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
3.0
4.0
3.5
2.0
3.3
2.5
3.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.5
..
3.5
4.0
..
3.5
4.5
3.0
2.0
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
..
3.5
3.0
4.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
4.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
3.4
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
3.0
4.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
3.5
4.5
..
4.0
4.5
3.5
2.5
4.0
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
4.5
3.5
4.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
3.5
4.0
4.0
2.0
3.0
3.0
3.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
..
2.5
3.5
..
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
1.0
3.0
2.5
3.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.0
4.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
..
2.0
3.5
..
2.5
4.0
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.0
2.9
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
..
2.0
3.0
..
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.5
3.5
..
2.5
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
2.5
4.0
3.5
2.0
3.1
2.5
3.5
..
4.0
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
2.5
..
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
..
3.0
..
4.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.0
..
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
3.2
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
Note: The rating scale for each indicator ranges from 1 (low) to 6 (high).
a. Calculated as the average of the average ratings of each cluster.
b. All criteria are weighted equally.
c. Not an International Development Association (IDA) member.
d. Not rated in the IDA resource allocation index.
128
Averageb
Efficiency of revenue
mobilization
2009
2011
Quality of public
administration
2009
2011
Transparency,
accountability, and
corruption in public sector
2009
2011
2009
2011
3.0
2.4
3.3
..
3.7
2.6
2.9
4.0
2.4
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.6
..
2.7
3.2
..
2.9
3.8
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.0
..
3.4
..
3.1
2.9
3.5
3.1
3.4
..
2.9
..
..
2.2
..
3.5
2.4
3.3
3.2
2.0
3.0
2.3
3.3
..
3.7
2.7
2.9
4.0
2.6
2.2
2.4
2.2
2.6
2.7
..
2.6
3.3
..
3.2
3.7
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.5
2.8
2.8
3.3
3.3
3.0
..
3.4
..
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.1
3.6
..
3.1
..
..
2.2
..
3.3
2.8
3.2
3.1
2.2
2.8
2.0
3.0
..
3.5
2.5
2.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
..
2.5
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
..
2.5
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
2.5
3.5
3.0
1.5
2.8
2.0
3.0
..
3.5
2.5
2.5
4.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
..
2.5
3.0
..
3.0
3.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
2.5
3.5
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
1.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
..
4.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
..
2.5
3.5
..
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.0
..
3.5
..
..
2.0
..
3.5
2.5
4.0
3.5
2.0
3.1
2.5
3.5
..
4.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
..
2.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
4.0
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
..
..
2.5
..
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
3.4
2.5
3.5
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
4.0
..
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
4.5
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
2.5
..
..
3.0
..
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
2.5
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
..
3.5
4.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
3.5
3.5
..
4.0
..
3.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.0
..
3.0
..
..
3.0
..
4.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
2.9
2.5
3.0
..
3.5
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
..
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.5
..
3.5
2.0
3.0
3.0
1.5
2.9
2.0
3.0
..
3.5
2.5
3.0
4.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
..
3.0
3.5
..
3.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.5
3.0
3.0
3.0
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.0
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
2.0
..
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.0
2.7
2.5
3.5
..
3.5
2.0
2.5
4.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
..
2.0
2.5
..
2.0
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.5
..
3.0
..
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.0
..
3.0
..
..
1.5
..
3.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
1.5
2.8
2.5
3.5
..
3.5
2.0
2.5
4.5
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.0
2.5
2.5
..
2.0
3.0
..
2.5
4.0
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
2.5
..
3.0
..
3.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
3.5
..
3.0
..
..
1.5
..
3.0
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.5
..
2.8
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.0
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
3.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
2.5
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
129
Table
12.6
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congo, Rep.
Cte d'Ivoire
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gabon
Gambia, The
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Mauritania
Mauritius
Mozambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Rwanda
So Tom and Prncipe
Senegal
Seychelles
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Africa
Sudan
Swaziland
Tanzania
Togo
Uganda
Zambia
Zimbabwe
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Djibouti
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Libya
Morocco
Tunisia
130
Polity indicators
Institutionalized democracy
(0 low to 10 high)
1995
2000
2005
2010
-2.0
6.0
7.0
-5.0
0.0
-4.0
8.0
5.0
-4.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
-6.0
-5.0
-6.0
1.0
-4.0
-7.0
-1.0
-1.0
5.0
-5.0
8.0
0.0
9.0
6.0
7.0
-6.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
-6.0
-6.0
..
-1.0
..
-7.0
0.0
9.0
-7.0
-9.0
-1.0
-2.0
-4.0
6.0
-6.0
-3.0
6.0
8.0
-3.0
-1.0
-4.0
8.0
5.0
-2.0
-1.0
0.0
-6.0
4.0
-5.0
-6.0
1.0
-4.0
-5.0
2.0
-1.0
5.0
-2.0
4.0
0.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
-6.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
-4.0
..
8.0
..
0.0
0.0
9.0
-7.0
-9.0
-1.0
-2.0
-4.0
1.0
-3.0
-2.0
6.0
8.0
0.0
6.0
-4.0
10.0
-1.0
-2.0
6.0
4.0
-4.0
0.0
-5.0
-7.0
1.0
-4.0
-5.0
8.0
-1.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
5.0
7.0
6.0
7.0
-5.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
-3.0
..
8.0
..
5.0
0.0
9.0
-4.0
-9.0
-1.0
-4.0
-1.0
5.0
-4.0
-2.0
7.0
8.0
0.0
6.0
-4.0
10.0
-1.0
-2.0
9.0
5.0
-4.0
0.0
-5.0
-7.0
1.0
3.0
-5.0
8.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
6.0
0.0
6.0
7.0
-2.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
3.0
4.0
-4.0
..
7.0
..
7.0
0.0
9.0
-2.0
-9.0
-1.0
-2.0
-1.0
7.0
1.0
..
6.0
7.0
0.0
..
1.0
8.0
5.0
0.0
..
..
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
8.0
..
9.0
6.0
7.0
0.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
0.0
0.0
..
2.0
..
0.0
..
9.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
1.0
6.0
8.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
8.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
..
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
1.0
5.0
2.0
..
3.0
7.0
6.0
6.0
0.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
6.0
4.0
0.0
..
8.0
..
..
..
9.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
1.0
2.0
6.0
8.0
2.0
7.0
1.0
10.0
1.0
1.0
6.0
..
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
8.0
1.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
..
7.0
6.0
7.0
0.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
4.0
0.0
..
8.0
..
5.0
..
9.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
5.0
1.0
2.0
7.0
8.0
2.0
7.0
1.0
10.0
1.0
1.0
9.0
6.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
3.0
4.0
0.0
8.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
8.0
7.0
3.0
6.0
7.0
0.0
10.0
5.0
6.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
..
7.0
..
8.0
..
9.0
1.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
1.0
7.0
3.0
..
0.0
0.0
5.0
..
5.0
0.0
0.0
4.0
..
..
1.0
6.0
5.0
6.0
2.0
4.0
7.0
2.0
2.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
6.0
..
3.0
..
7.0
..
0.0
7.0
9.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
0.0
6.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
3.0
2.0
..
6.0
1.0
5.0
6.0
2.0
4.0
5.0
1.0
2.0
0.0
4.0
..
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
6.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
..
0.0
..
..
..
0.0
7.0
9.0
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.0
4.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
..
4.0
..
5.0
7.0
2.0
4.0
5.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
..
0.0
0.0
0.0
5.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
3.0
..
0.0
..
0.0
..
0.0
4.0
9.0
3.0
5.0
2.0
0.0
5.0
4.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
2.0
3.0
0.0
1.0
4.0
..
5.0
7.0
2.0
1.0
5.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0
4.0
..
0.0
..
1.0
..
0.0
3.0
9.0
3.0
3.0
2.0
0.0
2.0
-3.0
-7.0
-6.0
-7.0
-7.0
-3.0
-3.0
2.0
-6.0
-7.0
-6.0
-3.0
2.0
2.0
-3.0
-7.0
-6.0
-4.0
2.0
2.0
-3.0
-7.0
-6.0
-4.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
1.0
3.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
3.0
3.0
1.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
4.0
7.0
6.0
7.0
7.0
4.0
4.0
1.0
6.0
7.0
6.0
4.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
1.0
1.0
4.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
Institutionalized autocracy
(0 low to 10 high)
1995
2000
2005
2010
Technical notes
1. Basic indicators
Table .. Basic indicators
Population is total population based on the de
facto denition of population, which counts
all residents regardless of legal status or
citizenshipexcept for refugees not permanently settled in the country of asylum, who
are generally considered part of the population of their country of origin. The values
shown are midyear estimates.
Population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population
from year t1 to t, expressed as a percentage.
Population is based on the de facto denition
of population, which counts all residents regardless of legal status or citizenshipexcept
for refugees not permanently settled in the
country of asylum, who are generally considered part of the population of the country of
origin.
Land area is the land surface area of a
country, excluding area under inland waters,
national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones.
Population density is midyear population
divided by land area in square kilometers.
Population is based on the de facto denition of population, which counts all residents
regardless of legal status or citizenship
except for refugees not permanently settled
in the country of asylum, who are generally
considered part of the population of their
country of origin. Land area is a countrys total area, excluding area under inland waters,
national claims to continental shelf, and exclusive economic zones. In most cases the
denition of inland waters includes major
rivers and lakes.
Gross national income (GNI) per capita,
World Bank Atlas method, is GNI, calculated
using the World Bank Atlas method (see box
1), divided by midyear population. It is similar in concept to GNI per capita in current
prices, except that the use of three-year averages of exchange rates smooths out sharp
uctuations from year to year.
Gross domestic product (GDP) per capita
is gross domestic product divided by midyear population. GDP is the sum of gross
value added by all resident producers in the
economy plus any product taxes and minus
any subsidies not included in the value of
the products. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated
assets or for depletion and degradation of
natural resources. Dollar gures for GDP are
converted from domestic currencies using
single-year ocial exchange rates. For a few
countries where the ocial exchange rate
does not reect the rate eectively applied
to actual foreign exchange transactions, an
alternative conversion factor is used. Growth
rates are in real terms and have been calculated by the least-squares method using constant 2000 exchange rates (box 2).
Life expectancy at birth is the number of
years a newborn infant would live if prevailing patterns of mortality at the time of its
birth were to remain the same throughout
its life.
Under-five mortality rate is the probability
that a newborn baby will die before reaching
age 5, if subject to current age-specic mortality rates. The probability is expressed as a
rate per 1,000.
Gini index is the most commonly used measure of inequality. The coecient ranges from
0, which reects complete equality, to 100,
which indicates complete inequality (one person has all the income or consumption, all
others have none). Graphically, the Gini index
can be easily represented by the area between
the Lorenz curve and the line of equality.
Technical notes
131
Box 2
Growth rates
133
(see box 1) of conversion is used. This method applies a conversion factor that averages
the exchange rate for a given year and the
two preceding years, adjusted for the difference between the rate of ination in the
country and that in Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the euro area.
Growth rates are calculated by the leastsquares method (see box 2).
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Gross national income per
capita, World Bank Atlas method
Gross national income (GNI) per capita, World
Bank Atlas method, is GNI, calculated using
the World Bank Atlas method (see box 1), divided by midyear population.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Gross domestic product
deflator (U.S. dollar series)
Gross domestic product (GDP) deflator (U.S.
dollar series) is nominal GDP in current U.S.
dollars (table 2.1) divided by real GDP in constant 2000 U.S. dollars (table 2.2), expressed
as an index with base year 2000. The series
shows the eects of domestic price changes
and exchange rate variations.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Consumer price index
Consumer price index reects changes in the
cost to the average consumer of acquiring a
basket of goods and services that may be xed
or changed at specied intervals, such as yearly. The Laspeyres formula is generally used.
Source: International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics database and
data les.
Table .. Inflation
Inflation as measured by the consumer
price index reects the annual percentage
change in the cost to the average consumer
the ocial exchange rate used by the Government for oil exports and oil value added was
signicantly overvalued.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. General government final
consumption expenditure
General government final consumption expenditure is all current expenditure for purchases
of goods and services by all levels of government, including capital expenditure on
national defense and security. Other capital
expenditure by government is included in
capital formation.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Household final
consumption expenditure
Household final consumption expenditure (formerly private consumption) is the market value
of all goods and services, including durable
products (such as cars, washing machines,
and home computers), purchased by households. It excludes purchases of dwellings but
includes imputed rent for owner-occupied
dwellings. It also includes payments and fees
to governments to obtain permits and licenses. Here, household consumption expenditure includes the expenditures of nonprot
institutions serving households, even when
reported separately by the country.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Final consumption
expenditure plus discrepancy
Final consumption expenditure plus discrepancy
(formerly total consumption) is the sum of
household nal consumption expenditure
(table 2.16) and general government nal
consumption expenditure (table 2.15) shown
as a share of gross domestic product. This estimate includes any statistical discrepancy in
the use of resources relative to the supply of
resources. Private consumption, not separately shown here, is the value of all goods
Technical notes
135
freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such
as communication, construction, nancial,
information, business, personal, and government services. They exclude labor and
property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments, and are
expressed in current U.S. dollars.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Exports of goods and
services as a share of gdp
Exports of goods and services represent the value
of all goods and other market services provided
to the rest of the world. They include the value
of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport,
travel, royalties, license fees, and other services, such as communication, construction,
nancial, information, business, personal,
and government services. They exclude labor
and property income (formerly called factor
services) as well as transfer payments, and are
expressed as a proportion of real GDP.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Imports of goods and
services as a share of gdp
Imports of goods and services represent the
value of all goods and other market services
received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, nancial, information,
business, personal, and government services.
They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments, and are expressed as a proportion of real GDP.
Source: World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
national accounts data.
Table .. Balance of payments and
current account
Exports of goods and services represent the
value of all goods and other market services
provided to the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, nancial, information,
business, personal, and government services.
They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments, and are expressed in current
U.S. dollars and as a proportion of real GDP.
Imports of goods and services represent the
value of all goods and other market services
received from the rest of the world. They include the value of merchandise, freight, insurance, transport, travel, royalties, license
fees, and other services, such as communication, construction, nancial, information,
business, personal, and government services.
They exclude labor and property income (formerly called factor services) as well as transfer payments, and are expressed in current
U.S. dollars and as a proportion of real GDP.
Total trade is the sum of exports and imports of goods and services.
Net income is the receipts and payments of
employee compensation paid to nonresident
workers and investment income (receipts
and payments on direct investment, portfolio investment, other investments, and receipts on reserve assets).
Net current transfers are recorded in the
balance of payments whenever an economy
provides or receives goods, services, income,
or nancial items without a quid pro quo.
Current account balance is the sum of net
exports of goods, services, net income, and
net current transfers. All transfers not considered to be capital are current.
Total reserves including gold are the holdings
of monetary gold, special drawing rights,
reserves of International Monetary Fund
(IMF) members held by the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange under the control of
monetary authorities.
Source: Data on exports and imports of
goods and services are from World Bank and
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development national accounts data. Data
on net income, net current transfers, current
account balance, and total reserves are from
the International Monetary Fund, Balance of
Payments Statistics Yearbook and data les,
and World Bank and OECD GDP estimates.
Technical notes
137
Government Finance Statistics Manual nonnancial assets were included under revenue
and expenditure in gross terms. This cash surplus or decit is closest to the earlier overall
budget balance (still missing is lending minus
repayments, which are now a nancing item
under net acquisition of nancial assets).
Net incurrence of liabilities is domestic nancing (obtained from residents) and foreign nancing (obtained from nonresidents)
and/or the means by which a government
provides nancial resources to cover a budget
decit or allocates nancial resources arising
from a budget surplus. The net incurrence of
liabilities should be oset by the net acquisition of nancial assets (a third nancing
item). The dierence between the cash surplus or decit and the three nancing items
is the net change in the stock of cash.
Total debt is the entire stock of direct government xed-term contractual obligations
to others outstanding on a particular date. It
includes domestic and foreign liabilities such
as currency and money deposits, securities
other than shares, and loans. It is the gross
amount of government liabilities reduced by
the amount of equity and nancial derivatives held by the government. Because debt
is a stock rather than a ow, it is measured
as of a given date, usually the last day of the
scal year.
Source: International Monetary Fund, Government Finance Statistics Yearbook and data
les, and World Bank and Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development
GDP estimates.
Table .. Central government
expenses
Goods and services include all government
payments in exchange for goods and services
used for the production of market and nonmarket goods and services. Own-account
capital formation is excluded.
Compensation of employees consists of all
payments in cash, as well as in kind (such as
food and housing), to employees in return
for services rendered, and government contributions to social insurance schemes such
as social security and pensions that provide
benets to employees.
Interest payments (expense) include interest
payments on government debtincluding
Technical notes
139
141
Africa New Dollar Per Day (PPP) Poverty Estimates ($1.25/day) in 2008
Why PPP poverty estimates? When it comes to poverty measurement, each country calculates its own (national) poverty line
and uses it to track progress in reducing poverty and setting social
policy. National poverty lines may be obtained through a combination of methods: social norms about a minimum level of welfare
each citizen is entitled to, some basic nutritional need, a multidimensional index, and so on.
But if we need to obtain comparisons between countries of
the world or countries in a region of the world (say, Africa), then
the national poverty lines cannot be used because each country
uses a different one. Therefore, the World Bank uses a common international poverty line to compare poverty across the
world or in a region by collecting comparative price data and
estimating purchasing power parities (PPPs) of the world economies. Using PPPs instead of country exchange rates to convert
currencies allows welfare and the output of economies to be
compared in real terms while controlling for differences in price
levels. Traditionally, the World Bank counts the global (and/or
regional) poor as the fraction of the population with incomes (or
consumption) below two international poverty lines: $1.25/day
and $2/day using PPP.
The 2005 PPP revisions: In 2005, the World Bank undertook
a major revision of the global poverty count by using a completely
new set of international prices that became available through the
worldwide effort of the International Comparison Program (ICP).
The 2005 ICP round is widely considered to be better than the
previous round of ICP in 1993, in that it covered more countries
and collected more (and better quality) price data. As a result, the
2005 estimates differed significantly from the estimates based on
the 1993 ICP round, which are then extrapolated forward. In particular, the 2005 revisions showed that the cost of livingand, by
consequence, povertywas higher in the developing world than
Year
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
All
43.1
41.0
34.8
34.1
30.8
25.1
22.4
1990
1993
1996
1999
2002
2005
2008
1908.5
1910.3
1703.8
1742.6
1639.2
1389.5
1289.0
East Asia
and
Pacific
56.2
50.7
35.9
35.6
27.6
17.1
14.3
926.4
870.8
639.7
655.6
523.1
332.1
284.4
South
Asia
83.6
82.6
80.7
77.8
77.4
73.3
70.9
SubSaharan
Africa
75.9
78.1
77.5
77.4
76.1
74.1
69.2
958.5
1010.0
1047.0
1068.5
1119.2
1112.6
1124.2
389.1
433.9
465.8
502.7
533.2
558.9
562.1
Source: PovcalNet.
(continued)
142
Africa New Dollar Per Day (PPP) Poverty Estimates ($1.25/day) in 2008 (continued)
70
450
60
400
350
50
300
40
250
30
200
150
20
100
10
0
Figure 1
Headcount (%)
50
1981
1984
2008
143
Whats the coolest region for doing impact evaluation? Its Africa!
Want to do IE? Come to Africa!
The most recent count1 of active impact evaluations (IE) within the
World Bank leaves no doubts: Africa is the place to be to do IE.
The region had the highest number of active IEs in 2011 and the
highest ratio of active IEs to active investment loans. However, it
is not only about numbers. IEs in Africa are leading the way in at
least three fronts: (1) IEs have generated knowledge on the effect of development policies and programs; (2) IEs are generating
cross-sector evidence to understand the underlying behavioral
and delivery mechanisms that make policies work; and (3) IE products and programs have been strengthening government capacity
for IE evidence-based policy making.
Impact Evaluations by Region
Active IEs in 2010 vs 2011 by region
160
140
128
137
120
100
80
62 66
60
40
20
20
0
52 57
39
AFR
EAP
13
ECA
Active in 2010
LAC
12
MENA
SAR
Active in 2011
Source: DIME Progress report FY10-11; AFR=Africa, EAP=East Asia Pacific, ECA=Europe Central Asia,
LAC=Latin America and Caribbean, MENA=Middle East and North Africa, SAR=South Asia
IE programs
More than half of all current IE activity within the World Bank is
managed under impact evaluation programs. The programs help
to maintain analytical quality of the activities they cover, take advantage of economies of scale in capacity development and dissemination of results, and use community of practice to encourage adoption and scale-up of good policies. The organization of
IEs under thematic programs helps to maximize IE potential as
a knowledge public good. The Development Impact Evaluation
Initiative (DIME) Secretariat coordinates IE activities in 10 IE programs, 3 of which (education, HIV, and gender) are cosponsored
by the Africa region, and 6 are cosponsored by networks or network units (FPD, adapt with ARD, local development and fragile
states with SDV, malaria with HDNHE, and gender with PRMGE).
A small program on urban and public sector governance (cosponsored by PREM and LEGJR) is also emerging in DIME. HDN coordinates IE activities in eight SIEF clusters (topics include active
labor market policies, CCTs, ECD, and Result-based Financing in
Health). WSS manages a program in the area of water supply and
sanitation.
The impact of Impact Evaluation
The impact of IE affects the key stages of project design and
implementation. First, IE researchers motivate the project team
144
Whats the coolest region for doing impact evaluation? Its Africa! (continued)
the system that is better able to reduce drug attrition and secure
effective delivery of drugs to frontline facilities. This will enable
treatment of possibly hundreds of thousands of malaria cases. Finally, IE results are also used to motivate scale-up of policy at the
national level. In Tanzania, the IE informed the scale-up of the CCT
program as a pillar of the new safety-net strategy (0.2 percent of
GDP per year) and provided guidance on the needed institutional
adjustments and implementation arrangements.
Mechanisms that make policies work
A breathtaking evolution is taking place in the way impact evaluation is done. It is moving from the first-generation IEfocusing
on showing whether interventions work, with less attention to the
underlying channelsto Impact Evaluation 2.0, which focuses
on generating cross-sector evidence to understand the underlying behavioral and delivery mechanisms that make policies work.
Results from Africa point to the importance of mechanisms based
on incentives for performance, timing, information and access,
and accountability and collective action.
Inputs for agricultural technology adoption: IDA clients are considering incentive schemes to improve the delivery of agricultural
extension services at the community level. Increasing the supply
of knowledge is among the main challenges, because extension
workers rarely reach all villages; many countries have trained lead
and peer farmers to disseminate information at the community
level. Evidence from Malawi shows that incentives matter (Mobarak et al. 2012). Providing small in-kind incentives to peer and
lead farmers results in a 12-percentage point increase in knowledge, which translates into a 3.6 percentage-point increase in
adoption of new techniques. Furthermore, incentives have similar
effects on the different types of lead/peer farmers. Incentivized
women lead/peer farmers performed as well as men, fully offsetting the 11 percentage-point gender gap observed in the control group on farmers knowledge (or a 3 percentage-point gap in
adoption). Similarly, incentives fully offset the poverty gradient in
the control group: poor peer farmers receiving incentives increase
farmers knowledge by 20 percentage points and adoption by 6
percentage points, while they have no significant impact in the
treatment group. This evidence has motivated other countries, like
Mozambique, to test similar interventions.
Self-control and investment behavior: Results from an impact evaluation in Ghana (Fafchamps et al. 2011) comparing cash to in-kind
grants for microenterprises showed in-kind grants having larger
impacts on business profits. Whereas cash could be used for
household consumption, in-kind grants commit business owners
to channeling their grant to investment in their business. Similarly, a recent study in Malawi (Brune et al. 2011) identified large
increases in savings and agricultural investment for farmers who
were offered a precommitment savings instrument. Together, the
results highlight the importance of behavioral elements (such as
self-control) on decision making and their potential effect on development outcomes.
Technical notes
145
Whats the coolest region for doing impact evaluation? Its Africa! (continued)
Africa. Senegal is one country moving ahead with this approach.
Impact evaluations are also changing the way new policies are
introduced and evaluated. On the basis of these results, Senegal
has asked DIME for technical support to conduct two new IEs on
text messages for ART patients and to integrate health packages.
The results from these pilots will inform the scale-up of national
programs.
Moving on IDA IE commitments to improve the effectiveness of the World Banks operations
Under the IDA commitments, the World Bank committed to evaluate the impact of 51 IDA projects in the FY1214 period and to
improve selection of projects to reflect the composition of the
IDA operations portfolio. This has given the operational VPUs,
especially Africa, a new mandate and responsibility that they have
started to implement by selecting operations for impact evaluation strategically and by planning their approach for conducting
and financing IEs. Implementation challenges include absorptive
capacity building for project teams and counterparts, allocation of
regional operational and analytical budgets to IE activities, and a
more strategic allocation of trust fund resources across themes.
These issues are especially relevant to SDN sectors, with a large
list of projects lined up for impact evaluation in sectors (water,
energy, and transport) not currently attended to by existing IE programs. DIME and SDN have partnered to move this forward, and
they jointly organized a workshop on Innovations and Solutions
in Infrastructure, Agriculture and Environment, held in Naivasha,
Kenya, April 2327, 2012. The workshop attracted 12 IDA projects
from the Africa region Sustainable Development Department, six
Global Agriculture and Food Security Program (GAFSP) projects,
and six projects from the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa
(AGRA). The project teams were challenged to question their project and introduce testing of critical design elements that may affect policy results in significant ways. The idea was to think about
the small things that make the big and expensive investmentslike
roads, pipes, and polesdeliver on their promises. A couple of
examples of the things questioned: On quality of infrastructure,
what type of contracts and demand-side measures (like audits and
social monitoring) secure accountability in procurement? On operations and maintenance (O & M), what strategies improve energy
reliability? What models of road O & M and local participation are
more effective? What enforcement mechanisms and repayment
schemes are needed for the financial sustainability of O & M of
irrigation canals?
Notes
1 See DIME Progress Report FY10-11
146
References
Ali, Daniel Ayalew, Klaus Deininger, and Markus Goldstein. 2011.
Environmental and Gender Impacts of Land Tenure Regularization in AfricaPilot Evidence from Rwanda. Policy
Research Working Paper 5765, World Bank, World Bank.
ht tp://w w w-wds.worldbank.org/ex ternal/default / WDS
ContentServer/IW3P/IB/2011/08/18/000158349_20110818104
704/Rendered/PDF/WPS5765.pdf
Baird, S., E. Chirwa, C. McIntosh, and B. Ozler. 2010. The ShortTerm Impacts of a Schooling Conditional Cash Transfer
Program on the Sexual Behavior of Young Women. Health
Economics 2010(19):5568.
Blimpo, Moussa P., and David K. Evans. 2011, School-Based
Management and Educational Outcomes: Lessons from a
Randomized Field Experiment, mimeo, The World Bank.
http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EDUCATION/Resources/
Blimpo-Evans_WSD-2012-01-12.pdf
Brune, Lasse, Xavier Gin, Jessica Goldberg, and Dean Yang.
2011. Commitments to Save: A Field Experiment in Rural
Malawi. Policy Research Working Paper 5748, World Bank,
Washington, DC.
deWalque, D., W. H. Dow, R. Nathan, et al. 2012. Incentivising
Safe Sex: A Randomised Trial of Conditional Cash Transfers
for HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infection Prevention in Rural
Tanzania. British Medical Journal Open 2012(2)
DIME. 2010, DIME BRIEF. The transformative effect of managing for results in primary education in Madagascar, mimeo,
DIME. http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTDEVIMPEVAINI/
Resources/3998199-1285950237302/DIMEBRIEFMadagascar
AGEMAD.pdf
Dufl o, Esther, Pascaline Dupas, and Michael Kremer. 2009
Additional Resources versus Organizational Changes in
Education: Experimental Evidence from Kenya, mimeo, MIT.
http://economics.mit.edu/files/4286
Fafchamps, Marcel, David McKenzie, Simon Quinn, and Christopher Woodruff. 2011. When Is Capital Enough to Get Female
Microenterprises Growing? Evidence from a Randomized Experiment in Ghana. Policy Research Working Paper 5706,
World Bank, Washington, DC.
Mobarak, Mushfiq, Ariel, BenYishay, Malawi. Ministry of Food and
Agriculture, 2012. Agricultural Technology Diffusion through
Social Networks, mimeo, DIME.
Pop-Eleches, C., H. Thirumurthy, J. P. Habyarimana, J. G. Zivin,
M. P. Goldstein, D. de Walque, L. Mackeen, J. Haberer, S.
Kimaiyo, J. Sidle, D. Ngare, and D. R. Bangsberg. 2011. Mobile Phone Technologies Improve Adherence to Antiretroviral
Treatment in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Text Message Reminders. AIDS 25(6):82534.
Contraceptive use, any method, is the percentage of women ages 1549, married
or in union, who are practicing, or whose
sexual partners are practicing, any form of
contraception.
Children sleeping under insecticide-treated
nets is the percentage of children under age
5 with access to an insecticide-treated net to
prevent malaria.
Incidence of tuberculosis is the estimated
number of new tuberculosis cases (pulmonary, smear positive, and extrapulmonary),
per 100,000 people.
Tuberculosis treatment success rate is the
percentage of new, registered smear-positive
(infectious) cases that were cured or in which
a full course of treatment was completed.
Source: Data on HIV prevalence are from
the Joint United Nations Programme on
HIV/AIDS and the World Health Organization (WHO) Report on the Global AIDS Epidemic. Data on contraceptive use are from
household surveys, including Demographic
and Health Surveys by Macro International
and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys, by
the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF). Data on insecticide-treated net use are
from UNICEF State of the Worlds Children
and Childinfo and from Demographic and
Health Surveys by Macro International. Data
on tuberculosis are from the WHO Global Tuberculosis Control Report.
Table .. Millennium Development
Goal : ensure environment
sustainability
Forest area is land under natural or planted
stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Terrestrial protected areas are those ocially documented by national authorities.
Gross domestic product (GDP) per unit of
energy use is the GDP in purchasing power
parity (PPP) U.S. dollars per kilogram of oil
equivalent of energy use. PPP GDP is gross
domestic product converted to 2000 constant international dollars using PPP rates.
An international dollar has the same purchasing power over GDP as a U.S. dollar has
in the United States.
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita are
those stemming from the burning of fossil
fuels and the manufacture of cement divided
by midyear population. They include carbon
Technical notes
147
dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fuels and gas aring.
Population with sustainable access to an improved water source is the percentage of the
population with reasonable access to an adequate amount of water from an improved
source, such as a household connection,
public standpipe, borehole, protected well or
spring, or rainwater collection. Unimproved
sources include vendors, tanker trucks, and
unprotected wells and springs. Reasonable
access is dened as the availability of at least
20 liters a person a day from a source within
1 kilometer of the dwelling.
Population with sustainable access to improved sanitation is the percentage of the
population with at least adequate access to
excreta disposal facilities that can eectively
prevent human, animal, and insect contact
with excreta. Improved facilities range from
simple but protected pit latrines to ush toilets with a sewerage connection. The excreta
disposal system is considered adequate if it
is private or shared (but not public) and if it
hygienically separates human excreta from
human contact. To be eective, facilities
must be correctly constructed and properly
maintained.
Source: Data on forest area are from the
Food and Agricultural Organization Global
Forest Resources Assessment. Data on nationally protected areas are from the United
Nations Environment Programme and the
World Conservation Monitoring Centre, as
compiled by the World Resources Institute,
and based on data from national authorities,
national legislation, and international agreements. Data on energy use are from electronic les of the International Energy Agency.
Data on carbon dioxide emissions are from
the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis
Center, Environmental Sciences Division,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Data on access to water and sanitation are from the
World Health Organization and United Nations Childrens Fund, Joint Measurement
Programme (www.wssinfo.org).
Table .. Millennium Development
Goal : develop a global partnership
for development
Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Debt
Initiative decision point is the date at which
148
100%
61%
87%
67%
88%
96%
51%
46%
Developing countries
Sub-Saharan Africa
52%
47%
38%
33%
100%
66%
72%
54%
90%
100%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
0%
10%
0.25
0.83
1.47
1.44
1.25
0.50
1.58
0.48
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
Improvement in SSA / Improvement at the global level
Note: Chart depicts the ratio of absolute regional improvement to global improvement by MDG. Improvement is
measured as the difference between latest available value (see note, figure 1) and starting value circa 1990.
Source: World Bank staff calculations based on data from the World Development Indicators database.
Post-2015 Developments
Official Development Assistance (ODA) has become increasingly
viewed as only one component of many international activities (such
as trade and investment) that supports long-term sustainable development and poverty alleviation. Nevertheless, ODA remains a
major instrument with which to engage in development cooperation. The international aid community needs to continue to improve
information sharing and to facilitate the ongoing expansion of ODA
agents participation in setting the global development agenda in
order to better address the needs of the poor. Also, the group of
low-income countries for which the MDGs were intended is shrinking, while large contingents of poor or underserved groups live or
will live in middle-income countries in the coming decade (figure 3).
79%
80%
Developing countries
60%
50%
74%
Sub-Saharan Africa
70%
59%
54%
46%
41%
40%
30%
21%
20%
26%
10%
0%
Low
2000
Middle
Low
2011
Middle
Note: Chart depicts the percentage of countries in each income category per region.
Source: World Bank staff calculations based on data from the World Development Indicators database.
(continued)
Technical notes
149
the lawsuit in court until the nal determination and, in appropriate cases, payment.
Cost to enforce a contract is court and attorney fees, where the use of attorneys is mandatory or common, or the cost of an administrative debt recovery procedure, expressed as
a percentage of the debt value.
Number of procedures to deal with construction permits is the number of procedures required to obtain construction-related permits.
Time required to deal with construction permits is the average wait, in days, experienced
to obtain a construction-related permit from
the day the establishment applied for it to
the day it was granted.
Cost to deal with construction permits is all
the fees associated with completing the procedures to legally build a warehouse, including those associated with obtaining land use
approvals and reconstruction design clearances; receiving inspections before, during,
and after construction; getting utility connections; and registering the warehouse
property. Nonrecurring taxes required for
the completion of the warehouse project also
are recorded. The building code, information
from local experts, and specic regulations
and fee schedules are used as sources for
costs. If several local partners provide different estimates, the median reported value
is used. It is reported as a percentage of the
countrys income per capita.
Disclosure index measures the degree to
which investors are protected through disclosure of ownership and nancial information.
Higher values indicate more disclosure.
Director liability index measures a plainti s ability to hold directors of rms liable
for damages to the company. Higher values
indicate greater liability.
Shareholder suits index measures shareholders ability to sue ocers and directors for misconduct. Higher values indicate
greater power for shareholders to challenge
transactions.
Investor protection index measures the degree to which investors are protected through
disclosure of ownership and nancial information regulations. It is the average of the
disclosure, director liability, and shareholder
suits indexes. Higher values indicate better
protection.
Resolving insolvency time (years) is the average time to close a business. Information is
151
153
Simple mean tariff is the unweighted average of eectively applied rates or most favored nation rates for all products subject to
taris calculated for all traded goods.
Dispersion around the mean is calculated
as the coecient of variation of the applied
tari rates, including preferential rates that
a country applies to its trading partners
available at the six-digit product level of the
Harmonized System in a countrys customs
schedule.
Weighted mean tariff is the average of effectively applied rates or most favored nation
rates weighted by the product import shares
corresponding to each partner country.
Share of lines with international peaks is the
share of lines in the tari schedule with tari
rates that exceed 15 percent.
Share of lines with domestic peaks is the
share of lines in the tari schedule with tari rates that are more than three times the
simple average tari.
Share of lines that are bound is the share of
lines in the countrys tari schedule bound
subject to World Trade Organization negotiation agreements.
Share of lines with specific rates is the share
of lines in the tari schedule that are set on
a per unit basis or that combine ad valorem
and per unit rates.
Primary products are commodities classied in SITC revision 2 sections 04 plus division 68.
Manufactured products are commodities
classied in SITC revision 2 sections 58 excluding division 68.
Average cost to ship 20 ft container from port
to destination is the cost of all operations associated with moving a container from onboard a ship to the considered economic center, weighted based on container trac for
each corridor.
Average time to clear customs, direct exports,
is the average number of days to clear direct
exports through customs.
Average time to clear customs, imports, is
the average number of days to clear imports
through customs.
Source: Data on trade and services are from
World Bank and Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development national
accounts data. Data on merchandise trade
are from the World Trade Organization and
Technical notes
155
157
Unmet demand is the number of applications for connection to the public switched
telephone network that have been held back
because of a lack of technical facilities (equipment, lines, and the like) divided by the number of main telephone lines.
Households with own telephone are the percentage of households possessing a telephone.
Average delay for firm in obtaining a mainline
phone connection is the average actual delay in
days that rms experience when obtaining
a telephone connection, measured from the
day the establishment applied to the day it
received the service or approval.
Internet users are people with access to the
Internet.
Telephone faults are the total number of reported faults for the year divided by the total
number of mainlines in operation multiplied
by 100. The denition of fault can vary. Some
countries include faulty customer equipment; others distinguish between reported
and actual found faults. There is also sometimes a distinction between residential and
business lines. Another consideration is the
time period: some countries report this indicator on a monthly basis; in these cases data
are converted to yearly estimates.
Telephone faults cleared by next working day
are the percentage of faults in the public
switched telephone network that have been
corrected by the end of the next working day.
Fixed broadband Internet monthly subscription is the monthly subscription charge for
xed (wired) broadband Internet service.
Fixed (wired) broadband is considered any
dedicated connection to the Internet at
downstream speeds equal to, or greater than,
256 kbit/s, using DSL. Where several oers
are available, preference should be given to
the 256 kbit/s connection. Taxes should be
included. If not included, it should be specied in a note including the applicable tax rate.
Cost of 3-minute fixed telephone local phone
call during peak hours is the cost of a threeminute local call during peak hours. Local call
refers to a call within the same exchange area
using the subscribers own terminal (that is,
not from a public telephone).
Cost of 3-minute cellular local call during peak
hours is the cost of a three-minute cellular local call during peak hours.
Residential telephone connection charge is the
initial, one-time charge involved in applying
159
per unit of energy use are from the International Energy Agency (www.iea.org/stats/
index.asp) and World Bank PPP data. Data
on solid fuels use are from household survey
data, supplemented by World Bank Project
Appraisal Documents. Data on rms identifying electricity as a major or very severe
obstacle to business operation and growth,
delays for rms in obtaining an electrical
connection, electrical outages of rms, rms
that share or own their own generator, and
rms using electricity from generator are
from World Bank Enterprise Surveys (http://
www.enterpriseSurveys/). Data on transmission and distribution losses are from the
International Energy Agency (www.iea.org/
stats/index.asp), Energy Statistics of NonOECD Countries, Energy Balances of NonOECD Countries, Energy Statistics of OECD
Countries, and Energy Balances of OECD Countries and the United Nations Energy Statistics Yearbook. Data on committed nominal
investment are from the World Bank Private
Participation in Infrastructure Project Database (http://ppi.worldbank.org). Data on ofcial development assistance disbursements
are from the Development Assistance Committee of the Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development Geographical
Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing
Countries, Development Co-operation Report,
and International Development Statistics database (www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline).
7. Human development
Table .. Education
Youth literacy rate is the percentage of people
ages 1524 who can, with understanding,
both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life.
Adult literacy rate is the proportion of
adults ages 15 and older who can, with understanding, read and write a short, simple
statement on their everyday life.
Primary education provides children with
basic reading, writing, and mathematics
skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,
natural science, social science, art, and music.
Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level and aims to lay the foundations
for lifelong learning and human development
161
Gender
The 2012 World Development Report documents four central challenges to gender equality in Africa: reducing excess female mortality, closing gaps in earnings and productivity, shrinking differences in voice in households and society, and investing in youth
to break intergenerational cycles of gender inequality. While the
following box discusses the issue of mortality, here we explore the
other three dimensions.
Gaps in earnings and productivity
Although many more women have joined the labor force throughout the developing world in the past 25 years, access to employment has led to neither equitable opportunities nor equitable
earnings between women and men. There is considerable gender segregation in accessing labor force opportunitieswomen
are more likely to work in low-productivity sectors, less-profitable
areas, wage or unpaid family employment, or the informal wage
sector. In agriculture, women have less access to inputs and manage smaller plots of land, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.
There are three main factors that lead to gender segregation
among female farmers, entrepreneurs, and wage workers: (1) gender differences in time use (primarily resulting from differences in
care responsibilities); (2) gender differences in access to productive inputs (particularly land and credit); and (3) gender differences
stemming from market and institutional failures.
Employment: In Sub-Saharan Africa, firms managed by
women have labor productivity 6 to 8 percent lower than firms
managed by men. This number prevails when compared with Europe and Central Asia, where it is 34 percent lower, and in Latin
America, where value added per worker is 35 percent lower in
firms managed by women. The performance lag of female-owned
firms is related to market segregation, where women are often
constrained to less-productive sectors. For example, industry type
accounts for 9 to 14 percent of the gender differential in earnings
for self-employed workers. For formal firms in urban areas of SubSaharan Africa, this difference in operational sector accounts for
more than 20 percent of the gap, while the size of the firm accounts
for another 30 percent. Women are also overrepresented among
unpaid and wage workers and in the informal sector. The region
has the highest rate of unpaid female family workers, at 65 percent
of total employed women. Eliminating barriers that prevent women
from working in certain occupations or sectors would reduce the
productivity gap between male and female workers by one-third to
one-half and increase output per worker by 3 to 25 percent across
a range of Sub-Saharan Africa countries.
Agricultural productivity: Though 44 percent of Sub-Saharan
Africas agricultural labor force is comprised of women, female
farmers in the region are less productive than male farmers, likely
due to limited access to inputs including fertilizer, seed variety, as
well as substantial plots of land, credit, and extension services.
Productivity on farms would increase between 10 and 30 percent
if women were provided with equal access to inputs. If women
were granted equal access to inputs and more secure access to
162
Gender (continued)
over decisions when it pertains to the issues of large purchases
and visits to relatives. Sub-Saharan Africa also exhibits one of
the highest shares of women who do not have control over decisions regarding how their own earnings are used ranging from
34 percent of women in Malawi to 28 percent of women in the
Democratic Republic of Congo. Decision-making roles outside of
the household vary for women in the region and are heavily correlated with levels of education and affluence. Sub-Saharan Africa has a higher rate of female political-party membership when
compared with the Middle East and North Africa, Latin America
and the Caribbean, East Asia, and in OECD countries. The average
rate of female parliamentarians in the region is 20 percent, and the
global rate is 19 percent.
Inheritance: Thirty-four percent of daughters have unequal
inheritance, and 7 percent have customary inheritance. Forty-six
percent of widows have unequal inheritance, and 10 percent of
widows have customary inheritance. In South Asia, this number
for both daughters and widows is 50 percent; in OECD countries,
Latin America and the Caribbean, and Europe and Central Asia,
all daughters and widows have equal inheritance.
Gender-based violence: Violence is also a persistent issue,
as, for example, 81 percent of women in Ethiopia think it is acceptable for a husband to beat his wife if the food is burned, she
argues with him, or she refuses to have sex with him, and 37 percent of women in Cameroon report their first sexual intercourse
as forced. Domestic violence results largely from a combination of
strong social norms surrounding power within households as well
as from womens limited bargaining power in their households.
Additionally, lack of awareness and biased services limit womens
demand for justice.
Investing in youth to break the intergenerational cycles of
gender inequality
Girls early and risky sexual activity and low education levels,
along with institutionalized inequality, mutually reinforce a cycle
of gender inequality.
Fertility: Currently, the fertility rate for youth between the ages
of 15 and 19 in the region is 108 births per 1,000 girls, representing
the highest rate of any region and nearly double the global average of 53. In East Asia, this number is 19 births per 1,000 women,
and in South Asia, it is 75 births per 1,000 women. Approximately
22 percent of all women between the ages of 15 and 49 use contraception, and a little more than half of that number of girls between the ages of 15 and 24 use condoms. Young females in SubSaharan Africa are almost two-and-a-half times more likely to be
infected with HIV than their male counterparts. For adolescents,
the promotion of contraception, when combined with education
interventions and skill building, and appropriately targeted to cultural and social settings, has been effective in reducing unplanned
pregnancies.
Education: While the ratio of females to males in primary
school in the region decreased between 1990 and 2008 (from 0.78
to 0.91), girls in areas such as Central and West Africa, where the
ratio is 8 to 10, are lagging behind. Gross secondary enrollment
rates for women is 32 percent, compared with 40 percent for men;
and for tertiary education, it is 5 percent compared to 8 percent
of men.
Policy case study: The Empowerment and Livelihood for Adolescents (ELA) program in Ugandawhich includes girls clubs,
life skills, and livelihoods trainingaims to reach out to youth and
disrupt this cycle of gender inequality. Preliminary evidence from a
randomized evaluation suggests that the program improves girls
health choices, their voice, and their economic activity. Compared
with girls who did not participate in the program after two years,
girls in program villages were 30 percent more likely to be working,
they were 75 percent less likely to have had sex against their will,
and they were 30 percent less likely to have had a child. Importantly, these improvements were achieved without increasing the
school dropout rate or reducing time spent studying.
Moving forward
In all of the four priority areas, mechanisms have been identified
that effectively address the existing gender disparities and thus
provide potential solutions to close these gaps. Unfortunately,
however, questions on how to best apply these solutions still
remain unanswered. For example, we know that adequate and
prompt medical attention reduces maternal mortality considerably, but we do not know how to enable mothers at risk to reach
a functioning clinic in time. Programs such as ELA in Rwanda and
LTR in Uganda are shedding light on what works best to address
key gender inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa, but more work
needs to be done to identify innovative and effective programs.
163
Gender Differences in Risks of Death: Africas Excess Female Mortality and Trends over Time
The facts on dying and death in low-income countries
In Iceland, 56 of every 1,000 people will die between the ages of
15 and 60; in the United States, that figure is 107. In China, that
number rises to 113 and in India to 213. In Central and West Africa,
these mortality rates regularly exceed 300, and in many countries
it is closer to 400. And in HIV/AIDS-affected countries, the numbers rise to between 481 (Malawi) and 772 (Zimbabwe). Compare
that to war-torn countries such as Iraq (285) or Afghanistan (479).
Starkly put, the risk of dying for adults in many Sub-Saharan African countries is higher than being in the midst of a full-blown
conflict.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, over time, trends in adult mortality
have diverged sharply from those in the rest of the world. Here
are the patterns:
20s, when accidents, violence, drugs, and homicides disproportionately affect men. It then declines and slowly increases again
around the 60s, potentially a legacy of differential smoking rates
between men and women in these countries.
South Africa looked precisely like the OECD countries in 1990,
perhaps with even a higher SMR in the early 20s. By 2000, South
Africas SMR had changed completely as HIV/AIDS-related mortality sharply increased. Although both men and women were affected, the rate at which women started dying relative to men increased very rapidly, and the groups hit hardest were between
the ages of 15 and 50. By 2008, things had gotten even worse.
Kenya saw a similar decline in the SMR, but there is no evidence
of worsening between 2000 and 2008.
Ethiopias SMR looks very much like that in several countries
around the continent: In contrast to OECD countries, in 1990,
women were dying at a higher rate relative to men from the age
of 5 onward, almost to age 40 (SMR <1). The SMR has increased
quite dramatically since 1990, in particular for those between 15
and 25, reflecting lower mortality risks for women. Eritreas SMR
looks similar, except for the giant hump in 2000, reflecting the
conflict with Ethiopia. The SMR shoots up from about 1 in the 20to-40 age group to a peak of 10, as men died at disproportionately
large numbers in the war. It comes back down by 2008, but data
for 1990 and 2008 look similar.
Finally, Burkina Faso and Nigeria remain very puzzling. Like
Ethiopias SMR in 1990, their SMR drops below 1 from the age of
5 onward and never really recovers until around 40, after which it
hovers just above 1. A couple of things are truly worrying: First,
the SMR dips down to below 0.5 at the age of 18. Why is late adolescence such a dangerous time for women in terms of mortality
risks? Second, there has been no change since 1990; if anything,
the SMR between 20 and 60 appears to have constantly declined.
Excess female mortality in Sub-Saharan Africa
Given these very different patterns, figure 2 presents additional
information by adding in mortality risksthat is, we would perhaps
worry less about Nigeria and Burkina Faso if between 1990 and
2008 the mortality risk had declined, but stable mortality risks
and a worsening SMR imply a more risky environment for women.
To present mortality risks in an easily comprehensible fashion, the World Development Report 2012 (2012 WDR) computed
two measures. Missing girls at birth were estimated through comparisons of the sex ratio at birth in countries around the world
with those in comparable populations with no discrimination.
The report also computed excess female (and male) mortality by
comparing the mortality risks of women relative to men in every
country and every age with those seen in developed economies
todaythe reference populationusing methods advanced by
Anderson and Ray (2010). In essence, this method weights the difference between each country SMR and the OECD SMR in 2000
by the mortality risk and the overall populations to arrive at a single
number for excess female mortality at every age.
(continued)
164
Gender Differences in Risks of Death: Africas Excess Female Mortality and Trends over Time (continued)
South Africa
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
20
40
1990
Age
2000
60
80
1.5
1.0
0.5
40
80
2008
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
20
40
1990
Age
2000
60
80
2008
20
100
High-income
countries
40
Age
2000
60
80
100
High-income
countries
2008
Etritrea
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
20
High-income
countries
2.5
0.5
100
40
1990
Nigeria
3.0
1.0
1990
1990
Age
2000
60
1.5
2.0
20
2.0
High-income
countries
2008
2.5
2.5
100
Ethiopia
3.0
Kenya
3.0
Age
2000
60
80
100
High-income
countries
2008
Burkino Faso
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0.5
0
20
40
1990
Age
2000
60
80
2008
100
High-income
countries
Note: A sex ratio of mortality (SRM) above the black dashed line indicates excess male mortality while an SRM below the line indicates excess female mortality.
Computations based on this excess mortality measure, conducted for all countries around the world at three points in time
(1990, 2000, and 2008), suggested that missing girls at birth and
excess female mortality after birth add up to more than 6 million
women a year. While missing girls at birth are concentrated in India
and China, excess female mortality after birth is highest in SubSaharan Africa, the only region where the numbers are increasing.
These three population groupingsChina (with a population of 1.3
billion), India (1.15 billion), and Sub-Saharan Africa (0.8 billion)
together account for 87 percent of the worlds missing girls and
excess female mortality.
But the age profiles of excess female mortality are very different. In Sub-Saharan Africaa point raised by Anderson and Ray
(2010) and Obermeyer and others (2010)excess female mortality
in the reproductive years accounts for 78 percent in the high-HIV/
AIDS-prevalence countries and 55 percent in countries with low
HIV rates. In China, by contrast, most excess female mortality is at
birth, and in India, missing girls at birth and excess female mortality in early childhood and in the reproductive years each account
for roughly a third. As figure 2 shows, Sub-Saharan Africa is the
only region in the world where excess female mortality increased
between 1990 and 2008both absolutely (from 0.6 million a year
to 1.1 million) and as a fraction of the female population. Among
(continued)
Technical notes
165
Gender Differences in Risks of Death: Africas Excess Female Mortality and Trends over Time (continued)
women ages 15 to 50, excess female mortality has declined in
absolute numbers and as a proportion of population in every region of the world except Sub-Saharan Africa, where four distinct
patterns have emerged:
Reference countries
Reference countries
(continued)
166
Gender Differences in Risks of Death: Africas Excess Female Mortality and Trends over Time (continued)
one in four adults between the ages of 15 and 49 were living with
HIV/AIDS by the end of 2009. In 1990, mortality profiles for men
and women in Botswana and South Africa were similar to those
in high-income countries today. But by 2000, mortality risks increased in adulthood, more so for women.
Progressive Africa: In countries such as Ethiopia, Ghana,
and Madagascar, which have largely escaped the HIV/AIDS epidemic, excess female mortality has been decreasing over time.
Mortality rates of children under age five are about 100 per 1,000
live births (less than 76 in Ghana). Fertility rates have declined,
but they remain higher than in India and Pakistan, as do underfive mortality rates.
Conflict Africa: Sub-Saharan Africa has experienced two
types of conflicts over the past three decades, with different implications for mortality risks among men and women. During the
1980s and 1990s, outright war in countries like Eritrea and Liberia
claimed the lives of many young men, leading to excess male mortality. Except for periodic flare-ups, these decreased over time.
In other countries, widespread civil conflict continues to exact a
heavy toll among women, leading to excess female mortality. One
example is the Democratic Republic of Congo, where excess female mortality increased between 1980 and 2008.
Central and West Africa: The real puzzles in Sub-Saharan Africa are the Central and West African countries, including Burkina
Faso, Chad, Mali, Niger, and Nigeria, among others. These countries have largely escaped the HIV/AIDS epidemic and are relatively free of conflict, but excess female mortality has increased
over time, as mortality risks for women systematically increased
while overall mortality risks remained unchanged or worsened.
Today, Burkina Faso, the Central African Republic, Chad, Mali,
Niger, and Nigeria look very much like Afghanistan in their human
development outcomes, including mortality risks. Under-five mortality ranges from 170 to 220 (Afghanistan is higher, at 257), total
fertility rates range from 4.5 to above 7 (Afghanistan is 6.6), and
adult mortality risks are virtually the same as those in Afghanistan.
167
169
Fertilizer consumption measures the quantity of plant nutrients used per unit of arable
land. Fertilizer products cover nitrogenous,
potash, and phosphate fertilizers (including
ground rock phosphate). Traditional nutrientsanimal and plant manuresare not
included. For the purpose of data dissemination, the FAO has adopted the concept of a
calendar year (January to December). Some
countries compile fertilizer data on a calendar year basis, while others are on a splityear basis. Arable land includes land dened
by the FAO as land under temporary crops
(double-cropped areas are counted once),
temporary meadows for mowing or for pasture, land under market or kitchen gardens,
and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned
as a result of shifting cultivation is excluded.
Agricultural machinery refers to the number of wheel and crawler tractors (excluding
garden tractors) in use in agriculture at the
end of the calendar year specied or during
the rst quarter of the following year. Arable
land includes land dened by the FAO as
land under temporary crops (double-cropped
areas are counted once), temporary meadows
for mowing or for pasture, land under market
or kitchen gardens, and land temporarily fallow. Land abandoned as a result of shifting
cultivation is excluded.
Agricultural employment includes people
who work for a public or private employer
and who receive remuneration in wages, salary, commission, tips, piece rates, or pay in
kind. Agriculture corresponds to division 1
(International Standard Industrial Classication [ISIC] revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes
hunting, forestry, and shing.
Agriculture value added per worker is the
output of the agricultural sector (ISIC divisions 15) less the value of intermediate
inputs. Agriculture comprises value added
from forestry, hunting, and shing as well as
cultivation of crops and livestock production.
Data are in constant 2000 U.S. dollars.
Cereal yield, measured as kilograms per
hectare of harvested land, includes wheat,
rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum,
buckwheat, and mixed grains. Production
data on cereals relate to crops harvested for
dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay
or harvested green for food, feed, or silage
and those used for grazing are excluded. The
FAO allocates production data to the calendar year in which the bulk of the harvest took
place. Most of a crop harvested near the end
of a year will be used in the following year.
Source: Data on agriculture value added
are from World Bank national accounts data,
and OECD National Accounts data les. Data
on crop, livestock, food, and cereal production, cereal exports and imports, agricultural
exports and imports, permanent cropland,
cereal cropland, agricultural machinery,
cereal yield, and fertilizer consumption are
from the Food and Agriculture Organization,
electronic les and web site. Data on agricultural employment are from the International
Labour Organization, Key Indicators of the
Labour Market database.
Table .. Producer food prices
Prices in U.S. dollars are equal to producer
prices in local currency times the exchange
rate of the selected year. The main exchange
rates source used is the IMF. Where ocial
and commercial exchange rates dier signicantly, the commercial exchange rate may be
applied. Producer prices are prices received
by farmers for primary agricultural products
as dened in the SNA 93. The producers
price is the amount receivable by the producer from the purchaser for a unit of a good or
service produced as output minus any value
added tax, or similar deductible tax, invoiced
to the purchaser. It excludes any transport
charges invoiced separately by the producer.
Time series refer to the national average prices of individual commodities comprising all
grades, kinds and varieties, received by farmers when they participate in their capacity as
sellers of their own products at the farm gate
or rst-point-of-sale.
Source: Data are from the Food and Agriculture Organization, electronic les and website.
Table .. Environment
Forest area is land under natural or planted
stands of trees, whether productive or not.
Renewable internal fresh water resources refer to internal renewable resources (internal
river ows and groundwater from rainfall) in
the country.
Annual fresh water withdrawals refer to total
water withdrawals, not counting evaporation
Technical notes
171
Co-operation and Development, Geographical Distribution of Financial Flows to Developing Countries, Development Co-operation
Report, and International Development Statistics database. Data are available online at
www.oecd.org/dac/stats/idsonline.
Table .. Fossil fuel emissions
Carbon dioxide emissions are those stemming
from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement. They include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid,
liquid, and gas fuels and gas aring.
Carbon dioxide emissions per capita are carbon dioxide emissions divided by midyear
population.
Fossil fuel is any hydrocarbon deposit that
can be burned for heat or power, such as petroleum, coal, and natural gas.
Total carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels is the sum of all fossil fuel emissions (solid
fuel consumption, liquid fuel consumption,
gas fuel consumption, gas aring, and cement production).
Carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use
of coal as an energy source and from secondary fuels derived from hard and soft coal
(such as coke-oven coke).
Carbon dioxide emissions from liquid fuel consumption refer to emissions from use of crude
petroleum and natural gas liquids as an energy source, and secondary fuels derived from
oil (such as jet fuel).
Carbon dioxide emissions from gas fuel consumption refer mainly to emissions from use
of natural gas as an energy source and from
secondary fuels derived from natural gas
(such as blast furnace gas).
Carbon dioxide emissions from gas flaring
refer mainly to emissions from gas aring
activities.
Carbon dioxide emissions from cement production refer mainly to emissions during cement production. Cement production is a
multistep process, and carbon dioxide is actually released from clinker production during the cement production process.
Source: Data on carbon dioxide emissions
are from the Carbon Dioxide Information
Analysis Center, Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, in the
U.S. state of Tennessee.
173
the majority are employed, but they have appalling living conditions. In Dakar, they have fairly decent living conditions but very
low levels of education and paid employment.
We next unpack living conditions through a framework termed
the Living Conditions Diamond (figure 2). We posit that living conditions are themselves a composite of four dimensions: tenure,
infrastructure, unit quality, and neighborhood and location. Figure
2 illustrates that, compared with Dakar, Nairobis slums are worse
off on all four dimensions. Nairobis slums are characterized by
highly mobile, tenure-insecure renters living in semi-permanent
structures in poorly served neighborhoods that are widely perceived as unsafe. Dakars slums, by contrast, are peopled primarily with owneroccupants and have low resident turnover, permanent housing structures, and superior infrastructure access.
Finally, the Infrastructure Polygon (figure 3) illustrates, in
greater detail, the differences in infrastructure access and service
levels across the two cities. A typical resident of Nairobis slums
has no access to electricity or organized rubbish removal. She or
he purchases water from kiosks and shares a public pit latrine with
an average of 57 persons. Dakars slums are characterized by good
infrastructure access, with the exception of storm-water drains.
Taken together, the frameworks demonstrate the extent of
heterogeneity across slums. They graphically reveal that slums in
the two cities differ dramatically from each other on nearly every
indicator examined and thus contradict the notion that most African cities face similar slum problems. By extension, they also
challenge the idea that one approach toor template forthe upgrading of slums can work in all African cities. At the same time,
the frameworks serve as a tool that can help practitioners and
policy makers better understand local needs and priorities, and
tailor their interventions to the given context.
This research also highlights the issue of living conditions. The
findings from Nairobi and Dakar challenge the seemingly logical notion that education and jobs will (automatically) translate into lower
poverty and improved living conditions or, conversely, the idea that
poor citizens need to have education and employment before they
Figure 1
WELFARE
18% above poverty line
WELFARE
28% above poverty line
EMPLOYMENT
68% working
(26% unemployed)
LIVING
CONDITIONS
3% with water,
electricity, and
permanent walls
LIVING
CONDITIONS
74% with water,
electricity, and
permanent walls
EMPLOYMENT
39% working
(6% unemployed)
EDUCATION
79% completed primary
EDUCATION
36% completed primary
NAIROBI
DAKAR
(continued)
174
Figure 2
INFRASTRUCTURE
Average % of households
with access: 23%
TENURE
8%
own homes
INFRASTRUCTURE
Average % of households
with access to a service: 59%
UNIT
12% have
permanent walls
TENURE
74%
own homes
UNIT
96% with
permanent walls
NAIROBI
DAKAR
Figure 3
PIPED
WATER
19%
PIPED
WATER
84%
ELECTRICITY
22%
TOILET
25%
PHONE
23%
SEWAGE
DISPOSAL
12%
PUBLIC
TRANSIT
20%
GARBAGE
PICKUP
12%
DRAIN
25%
NAIROBI
can have access to decent living conditions and basic infrastructure. At a broader level, this research leads us to the argument that
living conditions are an importantbut poorly analyzed and understooddimension of poverty, one that needs to be included in the
ongoing analyses of and discussions on multidimensional poverty.
References
Gulyani, S., and E. Bassett. 2010. The Living Conditions Diamond:
A Theoretical and Analytical Framework for Understanding
Slums. Environment and Planning A 42: 220119.
Gulyani, S., E. Bassett, and D. Talukdar. 2012. Living Conditions,
Rents and Their Determinants in the Slums of Nairobi and
Dakar. Land Economics 88 (2): 251274.
. 2011. A Tale of Two Cities: A Multi-Dimensional Portrait
of Poverty and Living Conditions in the Slums of Dakar and
Nairobi.Africa Urban and Water Working Paper, Washington,
DC, World Bank.
Gulyani S., and D. Talukdar. 2008. Slum Real Estate: The
Low-Quality High-Price Puzzle in Nairobis Slums and Its
ELECTRICITY
82%
TOILET
94%
PHONE
58%
SEWAGE
DISPOSAL
66%
PUBLIC
TRANSIT
15%
GARBAGE
PICKUP
73%
DRAIN
5%
DAKAR
Implications for Theory and Practice. World Development 36
(10): 191637.
. 2010. Inside Informality: The Links Between Poverty, Microenterprises and Living Conditions in Nairobis Slums. World
Development 38 (12): 171026.
Gulyani, S., D. Talukdar, and D. Jack. 2010. Poverty, Living Conditions and Infrastructure Access: A Comparison of Slums in
Dakar, Johannesburg and Nairobi. Policy Research Working
Paper 5388, Washington, DC, World Bank.
Iskander, N., and S. Gulyani. 2010. The Trouble with Silos: Water
and Sanitation in the Sinking Slums of Dakar. Africa Urban
and Water Working Paper, Washington, DC, World Bank.
Peattie, L. R. 1968. The View from the Barrio. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Perlman, J. 2006. The Metamorphosis of Marginality: Four Generations in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 606: 15477.
. 1980. The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics
in Rio de Janeiro. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Technical notes
175
cooperatives. Although the contributing family workers category is technically part of the
self-employed according to the classication
used by the International Labour Organization (ILO), and could therefore be combined
with the other self-employed categories to derive the total self-employed, they are reported
here as a separate category in order to emphasize the dierence between the two statuses,
since the socioeconomic implications associated with each status can be signicantly varied. This practice follows that of the ILOs Key
Indicators of the Labour Market.
Contributing family workers (unpaid workers) are workers who hold self-employment
jobs as own-account workers in a marketoriented establishment operated by a related
person living in the same household.
Source: International Labour Organization,
Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.
Table .. Unemployment
Unemployment is the share of the labor force
of the specied subgroup without work but
available for and seeking employment.
Primary education provides children with
basic reading, writing, and mathematics
skills along with an elementary understanding of such subjects as history, geography,
natural science, social science, art, and music.
Secondary education completes the provision of basic education that began at the primary level and aims to lay the foundations
for lifelong learning and human development
by oering more subject- or skill-oriented instruction using more specialized teachers.
Tertiary education, whether or not at an
advanced research qualication, normally
requires, as a minimum condition of admission, the successful completion of education
at the secondary level.
Source: International Labour Organization,
Key Indicators of the Labour Market database.
Table .. Migration and population
Migrant stock is the number of people born in
a country other than that in which they live.
It includes refugees.
Net migration is the net average annual
number of migrants during the period, that
is, the annual number of immigrants less the
annual number of emigrants, including both
176
177
Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Economic
Commission for Europe (UNECE), United
Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), United
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
(UNHCR), United Nations Childrens Fund
(UNICEF), United Nations Peace Building
Fund (UNPBF), United Nations Relief and
Works Agency (UNRWA), United Nations
Transitional Authority (UNTA), World Food
Programme (WFP), and World Health Organization (WHO).
Net private official development assistance
(ODA) is private ODA transactions, which
comprise direct investment, portfolio investment, and export credits (net). Private
transactions are undertaken by rms and
individuals resident in the reporting country. Portfolio investment corresponds to
bonds and equities. Inows into emerging
countries stock markets, are, however, heavily understated. Accordingly, the coverage of
portfolio investment diers in these regards
from the coverage of bank claims, which include export credit lending by banks. The
bank claims data represent the net change
in bank claims after adjusting for exchange
rate changes and are therefore a proxy for
net ow data but are not themselves a net
ow gure. They dier in two further regards
from other OECD data. First, they relate to
loans by banks resident in countries that report quarterly to the Bank for International
Settlements. Second, no adjustment has
been made to exclude short-term claims.
Net official development assistance (ODA) as
a share of gross domestic product (GDP) is calculated by dividing the nominal total net ODA
from all donors by nominal GDP. For a given
level of aid ows, devaluation of a recipients currency may inate the ratios shown
in the table. Thus, trends for a given country
and comparisons across countries that have
implemented dierent exchange rate policies
should be interpreted carefully.
Net official development assistance (ODA)
per capita is calculated by dividing the nominal total net ODA (net disbursements of
loans and grants from all ocial sources on
concessional nancial terms) by midyear
population. These ratios oer some indication of the importance of aid ows in sustaining per capita income and consumption
Technical notes
179
181
PDI-3 Government budget estimates comprehensive and realistic are the percentage
of aid that is accurately recorded in the national budget, thereby allowing scrutiny by
parliaments.
PDI-4 Technical assistance aligned and coordinated with country programs is the percentage
of technical cooperation that is freestanding
and embedded and that respects ownership
(partner countries exercise eective leadership over their capacity development programs), alignment (technical cooperation in
support of capacity development aligns with
countries development objectives and strategies), and harmonization (when more than
one donor is involved in supporting partnerled capacity development, donors coordinate
their activities and contributions).
PDI-5a and 5b Aid for government sectors
uses country public financial management and
procurement systems is the percentage of donors that use country, rather than donor, systems for managing aid disbursement.
PDI-6 Project implementation units parallel
to country structures is the number of parallel
project implementation units, which refers to
units created outside existing country institutional structures. The survey guidance distinguishes between project implementation
units and executing agencies and describes
three typical features of parallel project implementation units: they are accountable
to external funding agencies rather than to
country implementing agencies (ministries,
departments, agencies, and the like), most of
the professional sta is appointed by the donor, and the personnel salaries often exceed
those of civil service personnel. Interpretation of the Paris Declaration survey question
on this subject was controversial in a number of countries. It is unclear whether within
countries all donors applied the same criteria
with the same degree of rigor or that across
countries the same standards were used. In
several cases the descriptive part of the survey results indicates that some donors applied a legalistic criterion of accountability
to the formal executing agency, whereas the
national coordinator and other donors would
have preferred greater recognition of the
substantive reality of accountability to the
donor. Some respondents may have confused
the denitional question (Is the unit parallel?) with the aid management question (Is
182
183
on enforcing contracts, protecting investors, and regulation and tax administration are from the World Banks Doing Business project (http://www.doingBusiness/).
Data on corruption perceptions index are
from Transparency International (www.
transparency.org/policy_research/surveys_
indices/cpi). Data on the EITI are from the
Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative
website (www.eitransparency.org).
Table .. Governance and
anticorruption indicators
Voice and accountability measure the extent
to which a countrys citizens are able to participate in selecting their government and to
enjoy freedom of expression, freedom of association, and a free media.
Political stability and absence of violence
measure the perceptions of the likelihood
that the government will be destabilized
or overthrown by unconstitutional or violent means, including domestic violence or
terrorism.
Government effectiveness measures the
quality of public services, the quality and
degree of independence from political pressures of the civil service, the quality of policy
formulation and Implementation, and the
credibility of the governments commitment
to such policies.
Regulatory quality measures the ability of
the government to formulate and implement
sound policies and regulations that permit
and promote private sector development.
Rule of law measures the extent to which
agents have condence in and abide by the
rules of society, in particular the quality of
contract enforcement, the police, and the
courts, as well as the Likelihood of crime and
violence.
Control of corruption measures the extent
to which public power is exercised for private
gain, including petty and grand forms of corruption, as well as capture of the state by
elites and private interests.
Expected to pay informal payment to public
officials to get things done is the percentage of
rms that expected to make informal payments or give gifts to public ocials to get
things done with regard to customs, taxes,
licenses, regulations, services, and the like.
Expected to give gifts to obtain an operating license is the percentage of rms that expected
185
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.2
Above
SSA
Average
Below
SSA
Average
Increased
Decreased
No change
Source: CPIA Africa: Assessing Africas Policies and Institutions, June 2012, Africa Region, World Bank.
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
ZWE
COM
0.1
0.0
TDC
SDN
ERI
-0.1
AGO
-0.2
-0.3
2.0
GMR
ZMB ETH
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8
TZA
LSO
SSA IDA
average = 3.2
SEN
KEN
UGA
BDI MRT MWI NGA
MLI
MOZ BFA GHA
CMR SLE NER BEN
RWA
ZAR CAF
-0.1
-0.2
CIV
3.0
MDG
3.2
CPV
3.4
3.6
3.8
4.0
4.2
Source: CPIA Africa: Assessing Africas Policies and Institutions, June 2012, Africa Region, World Bank.
There are large differences in performance across components of the CPIA, reflecting the faster pace of reform in some
policy areas. Not surprisingly, in components where reforms are
deeply political (or contentious) or by nature incremental, scores
(continued)
186
4.0
3.5
3.0 2.9 2.8 2.8
2.5
2.5
2.7
3.7
3.6 3.6
3.4
3.6
2.0
1.5
1.0
SSA Fragile
Non-SSA
Fragile
SSA Non
Fragile
Non-SSA
Non-Fragile
Source: CPIA Africa: Assessing Africas Policies and Institutions, June 2012, Africa Region, World Bank.
improve more slowly and lag scores in other components. Performance in the economic management cluster (Cluster A), which
covers monetary and exchange rate policy, fiscal policy, and debt
policy and management, leads that of all other clusters. To some
extent, this reflects recognition of the importance of macroeconomic stability for creating an environment conducive to private
sector activity; high commodity prices have also helped. Indeed,
several years of prudent macroeconomic policies meant that African countries entered the 200809 global crisis with policy space
to counter the sharp external shock.
A close second in performance is the structural policies cluster (Cluster B)covering trade, financial sector, and business
regulatory environmentfollowed by the social inclusion and equity cluster (Cluster C)covering gender equality, equity of public
Financial sector assesses the structure of the nancial sector and the
policies and regulations that affect it. It covers three dimensions:
nancial stability; the sectors efciency, depth, and resource mobilization strength; and access to
nancial services.
Business regulatory environment
assesses the extent to which the
legal, regulatory, and policy environment helps or hinders private
business in investing, creating jobs,
and becoming more productive.
The emphasis is on direct regulation of business activity and regulation of goods and factor markets.
It measures three subcomponents:
regulations aecting entry, exit,
and competition; regulations of
ongoing business operations; and
regulations of factor markets (labor
and land).
187
188
eective preferences about alternative policies and leaders. Second is the existence of
institutionalized constraints on the exercise
of power by the executive. Third is the guarantee of civil liberties to all citizens in their
daily lives and in acts of political participation. Other aspects of plural democracy, such
as the rule of law, systems of checks and
balances, freedom of the press, and so on
are means to, or specic manifestations of,
these general principles. Coded data on civil
liberties are not included. This is an additive
11-point scale (010). The operational indicator of democracy is derived from codings of
the competitiveness of political participation
using some weights.
Institutionalized autocracy is a pejorative
term for some very diverse kinds of political systems whose common properties are a
lack of regularized political competition and
concern for political freedoms. The term autocracy is used and dened operationally in
terms of the presence of a distinctive set of
political characteristics. In mature form autocracies sharply restrict or suppress competitive political participation. Their chief executives are chosen in a regularized process of
selection within the political elite, and once
in oce they exercise power with few institutional constraints. Most modern autocracies
also exercise a high degree of directiveness
over social and economic activity, but this is
regarded here as a function of political ideology and choice, not a dening property of
autocracy. Social democracies also exercise
relatively high degrees of directiveness.
Source: Data are from the Integrated Network for Societal Conict Research (INSCR),
Polity IV Project, Political Regime Characteristics and Transitions, 18002010 (www.
systemicpeace.org/inscr/inscr.htm).
Technical notes
189
190
191
National accounts
Base year
SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
Angola
Angolan kwanza
Benin
CFA franc
Botswana
Botswana pula
Burkina Faso
CFA franc
Burundi
Burundi franc
Cameroon
CFA franc
Cape Verde
Cape Verde escudo
Central African Republic CFA franc
Chad
CFA franc
Comoros
Comorian franc
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Congolese franc
Congo, Rep.
CFA franc
Cte d'Ivoire
CFA franc
Equatorial Guinea
CFA franc
Eritrea
Eritrean nakfa
Ethiopia
Ethiopian birr
Gabon
CFA franc
Gambia, The
Gambian dalasi
Ghana
New Ghanaian cedi
Guinea
Guinean franc
Guinea-Bissau
CFA franc
Kenya
Kenyan shilling
Lesotho
Lesotho loti
Liberia
Liberian dollar
Madagascar
Malagasy ariary
Malawi
Malawi kwacha
Mali
CFA franc
Mauritania
Mauritanian ouguiya
Mauritius
Mauritian rupee
New Mozambican metical
Mozambique
Namibia
Namibian dollar
Niger
CFA franc
Nigeria
Nigerian naira
Rwanda
Rwandan franc
So Tom and Prncipe So Tom and
Prncipe dobra
Senegal
CFA franc
Seychelles
Seychelles rupee
Sierra Leone
Sierra Leonean leone
Somalia
Somali shilling
South Africa
South African rand
South Sudan
South Sudanese Pound
Sudan
Sudanese pound
Swaziland
Swaziland lilangeni
Tanzania
Tanzanian shilling
Togo
CFA franc
Uganda
Ugandan shilling
Zambia
Zambian kwacha
Zimbabwe
U.S. dollar
NORTH AFRICA
Algeria
Algerian dinar
Djibouti
Djibouti franc
Egypt, Arab Rep.
Egyptian pound
Libya
Libyan dinar
Morocco
Moroccan dirham
Tunisia
Tunisian dinar
Reference
year
1997
1985
1993/94
1999
1980
2000
1980
2000
1995
1990
1987
1978
1996
2000
1992
1999/2000
1991
1987
2006
1996
2005
2001
1995
1992
1984
1994
1987
2004
2006
2003
2004/05
1987
2002
1995
2001
1999
1986
1990
1985
2005
1987
1981/82b
2000
1996
2001
1978
2001/02
1994
2009
1980
1990
1991/92
1999
1998
1990
System of
national
accounts
SNA
price
valuation
Alternative
conversion
factor
PPP
survey
year
1968
1968
1993
1993
1993
1993
1968
1968
1993
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1968
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1968
1968
1993
1968
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
1993
VAP
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAP
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAP
VAP
1991-96
1992
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
1993
1968
1993
1968
1993
2008
1968
1968
1993
1968
1968
1968
1993
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAP
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
VAB
Note: For explanation of the abbreviations used in the table see notes following the table.
b. Reporting period switch from fiscal year to calendar year from 1996. Pre-1996 data converted to calendar year.
c. Original chained constant price data are rescaled.
192
1992-93
1999-2001
1993
1965-84
1993
1973-87
1992-95
1993
1971-98
1994
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM4
BPM5
BPM5
S
S
G
G
S
S
G
S
S
S
S
S
S
G
BPM4
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM4
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM4
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
2005
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
2005
BPM5
Actual
Actual
Actual
Estimate
Preliminary
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM4
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Preliminary
Actual
G
G
G
S
G
S
G
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
BPM5
Actual
Actual
Actual
S
G
G
G
S
G
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
2005
1977-90
1990-92
1991, 1998
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Preliminary
Actual
Actual
Preliminary
Actual
Actual
Estimate
Estimate
Estimate
2005
2005
1986
2005
2005
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
Actual
G
S
G
G
S
G
G
G
S
S
G
S
S
G
S
G
S
G
G
S
G
G
S
Government
finance
IMF data
dissemination
standard
Latest
population
census
Latest demographic,
education or health
household survey
Source of most
recent income and
expenditure data
B
B
B
C
B
C
B
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
C
C
C
G
G
G
IHS, 2000
CWIQ, 2003
ES/BS, 2003
CWIQ, 2009
CWIQ, 2006
PS, 2007
ES/BS, 2007
PS, 2008
PS, 2002/03
IHS, 2004
1-2-3, 2005/06
CWIQ/PS, 2005
IHS, 2008
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
1970
2002
2011
2006
2008
2005
2010
2003
2009
2003
1984
2007
1998
2002
1984
2007
2003
2003
2010
1996
2009
2009
2006
2008
1993
2008
2009
2000
2011
2007
2001
2001
2006
2002
DHS, 2002
DHS, 2005
DHS, 2000
MICS, 2005/06
DHS, 2008
DHS, 2005
MICS, 2010
DHS, 2008/09; MIS, 2010
DHS, 2009/10
DHS, 2007; MIS, 2009
DHS, 2008/09
DHS, 2010
DHS, 2006; Special, 2010
MICS, 2007
ES/BS, 2005
CWIQ/IHS, 2005
IHS, 2003
LSMS, 2006
CWIQ, 2007
CWIQ, 2002
IHS, 2005/06
ES/BS, 2002/03
CWIQ, 2007
PS, 2010
LSMS, 2004/05
IHS, 2010
IHS, 2008
ES/BS, 2008
ES/BS, 2004
CWIQ/PS, 2008
IHS, 2010
IHS, 2011
Accounting
concept
C
B
B
B
C
B
C
B
C
B
B
B
C
Latest
Vital
registration agricultural
census
complete
1964-65
2011-2012
1993
2010
Yes
Latest
industrial
data
Latest
water
withdrawal
Latest
data
trade data
1991
2006
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2009
1995
2007
1986
2005
2010
2009-2010
1996-97
2005-2007
2007
2008
2010
2005
2010
2006
2005
2007
2009
2006
2008
2009
2009
2010
2010
2009
2009
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2002
2010
2010
2008
2009
2010
2007
2010
2010
2010
2010
2003
2006
2009
1984
2004
1985
2011
1990
1985-86
2001
2001-02
1974-75
2001-02
2011
2000-01
1988
1977-79
2010
2004
2006-2007
Yes
2005
2011
2010
2010
2010
2008
2005
2010
2008
1985
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2010
2008
2010
2010
2010
2000
2001
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
1999
2000
2002
2000
2000
2004
2002
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2003
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2003
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2001
DHS, 2008/09
PS, 2000/01
2011
2005
2010
1993
B
C
B
G
G
G
PS, 2005
IHS, 2007
IHS, 2003
2011-2012
2011
1984-85
2011
2008
2002
1982
2010
2002
2005
2000
2003
2000
B
B
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
2002
2010
2004
1987
2001
2008
2008
2007
2002
2010
2002
2010
2002
G
G
S
G
S
S
2008
2009
2006
2006
2004
2004
B
B
B
C
B
C
C
C
DHS, 2008
MICS, 2006
DHS, 2003
ES/BS, 2009
2012
2010
2009
2003
1990
2010
MICS, 2010
MICS, 2010
DHS, 2010
MICS, 2010
DHS, 2006; MIS, 2009/10
DHS, 2007
DHS, 2005/06
ES/BS, 2009
ES/BS, 2010
ES/BS, 2007
CWIQ, 2006
PS, 2009
IHS, 2006
IHS, 2003
2003
2007-2008
2011-2012
2008
1990
1960
2010
2010
2010
2005
2010
2010
2010
2009
2007
2011
2010
2010
2010
2010
2000 f
2000
2002
2002
2002
2000
2002
MICS, 2006
MICS, 2006
DHS, 2008
MICS, 2000
MICS, 2006
MICS, 2006
IHS, 1995
PS, 2002
ES/BS, 2008
2009
2007
2010
2008
2010
2010
2010
2009
2010
2004
2010
2010
2000
2000
2000
2000
2000
2001
ES/BS, 2007
IHS, 2005/06
Yes
2001
Yes
2010
2001
2012
2004
193
compile and report data on balance of payments items. BPM4 refers to the 4th edition of the IMFs Balance of Payments Manual
(1977), and BPM5 to the 5th edition (1993).
The BPM5 redened as capital transfers
some transactions previously included in
the current account, such as debt forgiveness, migrants capital transfers, and foreign aid to acquire capital goods. Thus the
current account balance now reects more
accurately net current transfer receipts in
addition to transactions in goods, services
(previously nonfactor services), and income
(previously factor income). Many countries
maintain their data collection systems according to BPM4. Where necessary, the IMF
converts such reported data to conform with
BPM5. The balance accounts are divided into
two groups: (a) the current account, which
records transactions in goods, services, income, and current transfers, and (b) the
capital and nancial account, which records
capital transfers, acquisition or disposal
of nonproduced, nonnancial assets, and
transactions in nancial assets and liabilities. Discrepancies may arise in the balance
of payments because there is no single source
for balance of payments data and therefore
no way to ensure that the data are fully
consistent. Sources include customs data,
monetary accounts of the banking system,
external debt records, information provided
by enterprises, surveys to estimate service
transactions, and foreign exchange records.
Dierences in collection methodssuch as
in timing, denitions of residence and ownership, and the exchange rate used to value
transactionscontribute to net errors and
omissions. In addition, smuggling and other
illegal or quasi-legal transactions may be unrecorded or misrecorded.
External debt shows debt reporting status for 2010 data. Actual indicates that data
are as reported, preliminary that data are
based on reported or collected information
but include an element of sta estimation,
and estimate that data are World Bank sta
estimates.
System of trade refers to the United Nations general trade system (G) or special trade
system (S). Under the general trade system,
goods entering directly for domestic consumption and goods entered into customs
storage are recorded as imports at arrival.
195
timely and comprehensive data and therefore contribute to the pursuit of sound
macroeconomic policies. The SDDS is also
expected to improve the functioning of nancial markets.
Latest population census shows the
most recent year in which a census was conducted and in which at least preliminary
results have been released. The preliminary
results from the very recent censuses could be
reected in timely revisions if basic data are
available, such as population by age and sex,
as well as the detailed denition of counting,
coverage, and completeness. Countries that
hold register-based censuses produce similar
census tables every 5 or 10 years.
Latest demographic, education, or
health household survey indicates the
household surveys used to compile the demographic, education, and health data.
AIS is HIV/AIDS Indicator Survey, DHS
is Demographic and Health Survey, LSMS
is Living Standards Measurement Survey,
MICS is Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey,
MIS is Malaria Indicator Survey, and SPA
is Service Provision Assessments. Detailed
information for AIS, DHS, MIS, and SPA
is available at www.measuredhs.com/WhatWe-Do/Survey-Types/DHS.cfm for MICS at
www.childinfo.org.
Source of most recent Income and
expenditure data shows household surveys that collect Income and expenditure
data. Names and detailed information on
household surveys can be found on the
website of the International Household
Survey Network (www.surveynetwork.org).
Core Welfare Indicator Questionnaire Surveys (CWIQ), developed by the World Bank,
measure changes in key social indicators
for dierent population groupsspecically
indicators of access, utilization, and satisfaction with core social and economic services.
Expenditure survey/budget surveys (ES/BS)
collect detailed information on household
consumption as well as on general demographic, social, and economic characteristics. Integrated household surveys (IHS) collect detailed information on a wide variety
of topics, including health, education, economic activities, housing, and utilities. Income surveys (IS) collect information on the
income and wealth of households as well as
various social and economic characteristics.
196
197
Map of Africa
IBRD 39767
20 W
10 W
20 E
30 E
40 E
50 E
Tunis
TUNISIA
Rabat
Madeira Islands
(Por.)
10 E
Algiers
Mediterranean Sea
Tripoli
MOROCCO
30 N
30 N
Cairo
Canary Islands
(Sp.)
ALGERIA
ARAB
REPUBLIC
OF EGYPT
LIBYA
WESTERN
SAHARA
R
e d
MAURITANIA
SUDAN
NIGER
Dakar
THE GAMBIA
SENEGAL
BURKINA
Ouagadougou FASO
Bamako
Banjul
Bissau
10 N
MALI
Nouakchott
Praia
GUINEA
GUINEA-BISSAU
Conakry
Freetown
SIERRA LEONE
Monrovia
LIBERIA
20 N
e a
CAPE
VERDE
20 N
Niamey
Asmara
DJIBOUTI
Djibouti
So Tom
Annobn I.
(Eq. G.)
Gulf of Aden
Djibouti
NIGERIA
10 N
Addis Ababa
Abuja
PortoLom Novo
Accra
Gulf of Guinea
Malabo
EQUATORIAL GUINEA
SO TOM AND PRNCIPE
ERITREA
Khartoum
NDjamena
BENIN
CTE GHANA
TOGO
D'IVOIRE
Yamoussoukro
CHAD
SOUTH
SUDAN
CENTRAL
AFRICAN REP.
REP.
CAMEROON
Bangui
ETHIOPIA
SOMALIA
Juba
Yaound
UGANDA
Libreville
GABON
CONGO
Brazzaville
Kampala
DEM.REP
REP..
OF CONGO
RWANDA
Nairobi
Kigali
Bujumbura
Mogadishu
KENYA
INDIAN
BURUNDI
Kinshasa
Victoria
Dodoma
Ascension
(U.K.)
SEYCHELLES
TANZANIA
Luanda
10 S
ANGOLA
O C E A N
ZAMBIA
Mayotte
(Fr.)
Lilongwe
l
ne
MADAGASCAR
Antananarivo
Runion
(Fr.)
Mo
za
BOTSWANA
Windhoek
MAURITIUS
Port-Louis
mb
NAMIBIA
MOZAMBIQUE
iqu
ZIMBABWE
eC
h
Harare
20 S
Agalega Is.
(Mau.)
Moroni
Lusaka
St. Helena
(U.K.)
10 S
COMOROS
MALAWI
an
A T L A N T I C
OCEAN
Gaborone
Pretoria
Maputo
Mbabane
SOUTH
AFRICA
30 S
SWAZILAND
Maseru
30 S
LESOTHO
GSDPM
Map Design Unit
40 S
This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank.
The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information
shown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank
Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any
endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
20 W
10 W
40 S
10 E
20 E
30 E
40 E
50 E
JANUARY 2013
198