DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK SUBJECT CODE & NAME: BEE055-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES UNIT-

I PART A (2 M !"#$ 1. List three non conventional energy sources of electric energy in India. 2. Mention the present contribution of different types of plants in India. 3. List any two renewable sources of energy. 4. What is the appro i!ate a!ount of total power generation in India" #. Write any four differences between renewable and non renewable sources. $. %efine energy. &. What are the different for!s of energy" '. What are the co!pounds present in the coal. 1(. )a!e the products that can be obtained fro! crude oil. 11. What are conventional sources of energy" 12. )a!e at least three green house gases responsible for global war!ing. PART-B (%& M !"#$ 1. Write about the availability energy consu!ption pattern and growth rate in India.*1+, 2. - plain why it is necessary to develop non.conventional !ethod of generating -lectrical energy. *1+, '. *a, %iscuss energy re/uire!ent of rural consu!ers and state the possible 0lternative source of energy to !eet the de!and. *&, *b, What are the prospects of renewable energy sources in India" *&, (. %iscuss the following *a, 1bstacle to the i!ple!entation of renewable energy sources. *&, *b, 0dvantages of renewable energy sources. *&, 5. What are the conventional sources of energy and e plain briefly" *1+, +. What are the non.conventional sources of energy and e plain briefly" *1+, UNIT II PART A (2 M !"#$ 1. Write a note on total solar energy received in India. 2. 2ive three types of solar energy collectors. 3. Mention any two applications of solar energy. 4. %efine solar insulation. #. %efine solar constant. +. %efine solar attitude angle. $. %efine incident angle. &. %efine collector efficiency. '. %efine solar energy. 1(. What is diffuse radiation" 11. What are the instru!ents used for !easuring solar radiation and sunshine" 12. What are the co!ponents of solar water heater" 13. %efine 34 effect. 14. What are the different applications of solar 34 syste! in rural area"

PART-B (%& M !"#$ 1. Write short notes on different types of solar energy collectors with neat diagra!s.*1+, 2. Write short notes on *a, 5olar radiation *b, 3ower generation using solar tower concept. *1+, 3. *a, - plain the principle of conversion of solar energy into heat. *&, *b, What are the !ain co!ponents of a flat plate solar collector6 e plain the function of each" *&, 4. *a, -nu!erate the different types of concentrating type collectors. *1(, *b, Why orientation is needed in concentrating type collectors" *+, #. With the help of a neat s7etch describe a solar heating syste! using water heating solar collectors. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this !ethod" *1+, $. *a, What are the advantages and disadvantages of 34 solar energy conversion" *b, Write short notes on *i, 5olar pu!ping *ii, 5olar 8oo7ing *iii, 5olar arrays. UNIT III PART A (2 M !"#$ 1. What is wind power" 2. Mention two i!portant wind turbine generator installations in India. 3. Write and e plain wind power e/uation. 4. What is the type of generator used in wind power plant" #. %efine 9ip speed ratio. +. What are wind far!s" $. :ow the wind !ills are classified" &. What are the advantages of wind power" '. What are the disadvantages of wind power" 1(. %efine 4ertical 0 is Wind 9urbine *40W9,. 11. What is !eant by pitch angle" 12. What is !eant by pitch control" PART-B (%& M !"#$ 1. - plain briefly about the hori;ontal wind !ills with neat s7etch" *1+, 2. - plain briefly about the vertical wind !ills with neat s7etch" *1+, 3. *a, Why a tall tower is essential for !ounting a hori;ontal a is wind turbine " *&, *b, %escribe the electrical layout of a typical wind for! by !eans of single line diagra!. 5tate the essential e/uip!ent. *&, 4. With a neat diagra!6 e plain how wind energy can be converted into electrical energy. *1+, +. - plain the principle and application of wind electric syste!. 5tate the basic co!ponents and their wor7ing in wind electric syste!. *1+, $. - plain with a neat diagra! the wor7ing of various types of wind generators. *1+,

UNIT I) PART A (2 M !"#$ 1. )a!e a few pro<ects harnessing tidal power. 2. What is geother!al power" 3. %iscuss the disadvantages of geother!al plant. 4. %iscuss the advantages of geother!al plant. #. What are the special proble!s in construction of barriers for tidal sche!e" +. 2ive the advantages of tidal power plant. $. Mention the type of tidal power turbine. &. %ifferentiate tide and wave. '. 8lassify the geother!al sources. 1(. What are the spring and neap tides" PART-B (%& M !"#$ 1. *a, - plain how ocean tides are generated and how the power can be tapped" %iscuss the li!itations of this !ethod. *1(, *b, %escribe the construction and principle of operation of a turbine used for tidal power. *+, 2. - plain with neat s7etches6 the operation of a geother!al power plant. *1+, 3. - plain with neat s7etch6 the !ethods of operation of tidal power generation. *1+, 4. What is geother!al energy" :ow can geother!al energy are utili;ed for electric power 2eneration" *1+, #. *a, What are the factors affecting biogas generation. *&, *b, %escribe the single basin arrange!ent in tidal power generation. *&, UNIT-) PART A (2 M !"#$ 1. Mention so!e organic !aterials used in bio.!ass plant. 2. Write any two ite!s used as bio!ass fuels. 3. What are the constituents of biogas" 4. List the various bio!ass resources" #. What techni/ues to convert bio!ass into energy" +. What are the !ain advantages of bio!ass energy" $. What are the !ain disadvantages of bio!ass energy" &. %efine bio!ass" '. List out biogas" 1(.:ow will produces biogas in agriculture waste" PART-B (%& M !"#$ 1. *a, Write short note on bio energy fro! agriculture waste. *&, *b, Write short note on bio energy by burning plants. *&, 2. *a, Write about energy fro! bio!ass. *&, *b, Write about energy fro! biogass*&, 3. )a!e the different bio!ass resources. With a neat diagra! e plains the bio!ass gasification. 4. Write short note on !unicipal waste #. Write short note on industrial waste

BHARATH UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING BIO MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION QUESTION BANK PART A
UNIT I 1. Give the values for the following: a) total volume of blood in lungs, b) systolic blood pressure, c) diastolic blood pressure and d) total duration of cardiac cycle. 2. Name the principal ions involved in the phenomena of producing cell potentials. 3. hen measuring living cells with transducers how will you deal with the possibility of energy concentration which will damage the cell! ". #istinguish absolute and relative refractory period. $. hat is a spinal cord! %. &'plain the structure of (ell ). #efine #N* +. #efine resting and action potential ,. hat are resting and action -otentials 1.. hat is meant by central nervous system 11. #efine protoplasm 12. hat are the electrolytes present in the cell 13. hat is the nature of cancer cell 1". #efine /(0 and &(0 1$. hat are the characteristics of resting potential 1%. #efine Goldman1s e2uation and Nernst e2uation of resting potential 1). #efine sodium pump 1+. #efine arteries and veins 1,. #efine systolic and diastolic pressure 2.. hat are the different values present in the heart 21. #efine heart beat. 22. #efine neuron, nerve fiber 23. #efine synapse 2". #efine residual volume and tidal volume 2$. #efine transducer and its types 2%. 3ention some active transducer 2). 4ist some passive transducer. 2+. #efine the principle involved in optical fibre temperature measurement. UNIT II 1. 5tate the re2uirements for physiological amplifiers. 2. hat is the need of instrumentation amplifier in medical e2uipments! 3. #raw a typical 6-78591 comple' waveform of &(G. ". 4ist four types of surface electrodes. $. hat is the fre2uency range of &(G, &&G and &3G waves! %. 3ention various bioelectrical potential ). #efine electrodes and mention its types +. #efine all or nothing law ,. hat is electrode potential or half cell potential 1.. #efine polari:ed and non polari:ed electrodes. +. hat is pre amplifier ,. #efine (388 1.. hat are the function of chopper amplifier 11. hat are the basic components of bio;electric system 12. hat is the need of bio;amplifier! 13. #raw pregelled disposable electrodes. 1". hat is &(G

1$. #raw the &inthoven triangle 1%. #raw &(G wave form 1). hat are the types of &(G lead system 1+. hat is &&G 1,. hat are the application of &&G 2.. hat is &3G 21. hat is &8G UNIT III 2. #efine *pnoea. 3. hat are the important parameters monitored in /(<! ". 4ist the different methods used for direct measurement of blood pressure. $. hat is the need for grounding in medical e2uipments! %. hy glass electrode is very much preferred as active electrode in a p= meter! ). #efine cardiac output. +. hat is the p= value of arterial blood and venous blood! ,. hat is auscultation 1.. hat are the types of >- measurement 11. hat is cardiac output 12. hat is cardiac rate 13. hat are the type of heart sound 1". rite the e2uation to find -= value 1$. &'pand the term >58 and G58 1%. hat is the use of plethysmograph 1). hat the method of blood flow measurement 1+. hat are two methods of pulse measurement UNIT IV 1. 2. 3. ". $. %. ). +. ,. 1.. 11. 12. 13. 1". 1$. 1%. 1). 1+. 1,. 2.. 21. UNIT V #ifferentiate 91 rela'ation and 92 rela'ation processes in 38/. 5tate any two problems which arise due to lea?age currents in an e2uipment. hat is lithotripsy! hat is the specific advantage of fluoroscopy over conventional @;ray imaging! hat is meant by let;go current! #istinguish radiographic and fluoroscopic techni2ues. hat is lea?age current! =ow are @ rays produced hat is the application of @ rays hat is the principle of (9 (ompare radiography and fluoroscopy hat is the application of (9 hat is ultrasonography #efine N38 #efine endoscope and mention some of its types #efine thermograph #efine electrical safety hat are the types of thermography #raw the bloc? diagram of biotelemetry #efine macro shoc? #efine micro shoc?

1. #istinguish between defibrillator and pacema?er. 2. hat is the principle of haemodialysis! 3. hat is the use of biphasic #( defibrillator!

". hat is the principle of bubble o'ygenators! $. hat is pacema?er %. hat are types of pacing modes ). hat is demand pacema?er +. hat is fibrillation ,. hat are types of fibrillation 1.. hat are the various electrodes used for defibrillation 11. hat is counter shoc? 12. hat is the need for ventilators! 13. hat is stimulator! 1". hat are the advantages of diathermy 1$. hat is heart ; lung machine! 1%. hat is dialysis! 1). hat are the components of pacema?er! 1+. hat are types of pacema?er! 1,. =ow are pulse generated in competitive pacema?er! 2.. hat are the classifications of pacema?er based on the modes of operation! 21. hat are the advantage and disadvantage of standby pacema?er! 22. hat is audiometer!

PART B
UNIT I 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. UNIT II 1. 2. 3. ". $. %. ). +. ,. 1.. 11. 12. &'plain the function of human respiratory system. &'plain the wor?ing of pie:oelectric transducer as arterial pressure sensor.. &'plain how pie:oelectric transducer produces ultrasonic waves. *naly:e the physiology of heart and lungs and derive an appro'imate engineering system e2uivalent to the same. 5how how an ultrasonic transducer is applied in clinical diagnostic circuit. #raw the structure of human cell and e'plain its constitutions. hat are action and resting potential .e'plain &'plain in detail central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. =ow does blood circulate throughout the body rite a note on different types of transducer. ith relevant graph e'plain the relationship between the action potential and resting potential. &'plain in detail how pulsatile blood volume changes can be measured using photoelectric type resistive transducer. #raw the diagram and e2uivalent circuit of a differential capacitance pressure transducer and briefly e'plain its operation. ith a neat diagram e'plain the operation of optical A fibre temperature sensors.

#raw a buffer amplifier circuit and e'plain its wor?ing. (ompare the characteristics of the micro, needle and surface electrodes. =ow a metal micro electrode is formed! #raw its electrical e2uivalent circuit and e'plain. ith a neat diagram e'plain the operation of pregelled disposable electrodes. ith a neat bloc? diagram show how &&G is recorded! #raw the circuit diagram of #arlington pair isolation amplifier and e'plain. hat is the medical use of chopper amplifier! #raw the diagram of mechanical chopper and e'plain its wor?ing. #raw the &(G waves for normal adult, myocardial infraction, coronary insufficiency and ventricular fibrillation. #iscuss the different types of electrodes rite a note on: &(G recorder &3G recorder

13. &8G recorder 1". &&G recorder UNIT III 1.

hat are ?nown as BCorot?off soundD! =ow will you measure them with an indirect method of measurement! 2. here do you use (lar?e1s electrode! #iscuss the method used for measuring flow rate of E 2 in e'haust air. ith suitable figures e'plain how p=, -(E 2 and -E2 are measured! 3. #raw the bloc? diagram of automated electro sphygmomanometer for blood pressure measurement and e'plain its operation. ". &'plain with relevant e2uations the wor?ing and measurement procedure of -lethysmograph. $. #iscuss in detail about -lethysmograph. %. hat are the methods of measuring blood pressure! &'plain. ). =ow p= value of blood is measured! &'plain. +. &'plain the measurement of flow rate of (E2 and E2 an e'haust air. ,. =ow is heart sound measured! &'plain. UNIT IV 1. &'plain the wor?ing of @;ray machine. 2. &'plain the different elements involved in biotelemetry circuit. 3. &'plain about patient monitoring system. ". >ring out the clinical applications of endoscopy. $. hat are the different medical application of thermograph %. #raw the bloc? diagram of a (9 scanner and e'plain its operation with emphasis on image reconstruction. ). hat are the different modes of ultrasonic scanning with suitable diagrams +. &'plain the importance of biotelemetry ,. #raw a @;ray tube and e'plain its construction and wor?ing
1.. hat is an endoscope! 4ist the types of commonly available endoscopes. ith schematic

diagram e'plain the wor?ing of endoscopic laser coagulator. UNIT V 1. 2. 3. ". $. %. ). +. ,. 1.. 11. ith a neat diagram, describe the wor?ing of 1) heart A lung machine and 2) dialy:er. &'plain any one type of pacema?er circuit and defibrillator circuit. 4ist down the various types of pacema?ers describing the wor?ing of any one of them. rite brief notes on the wor?ing principle of 1) nerve stimulators and 2) pure tone audiometers. hy do we re2uire heart;lung machines #iscuss the different modes of operation of cardiac pacema?er &'plain the types of diathermy rite a note on audiometer &'plain 4ithotripsy. #raw the bloc? diagram of synchroni:ed #( defibrillator and e'plain its wor?ing. 4ist the different types of waveforms used for stimulation of muscle and nerves. #raw the bloc? diagram of a typical electro therapeutic stimulator and e'plain.

B* ! +* U,-./!#-+0
B* ! +* I,#+-+1+/ 23 S4-/,4/ ,5 T/4*,26270
*%eclared =nder 5ection 3 of =28 0ct6 1'#+,

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U,-+ I
Mar7s> 2

1. What is a single line diagram? 2. Define per unit value. 3. What are the !mp!nents !f p!"er s#stem? 4. What is $us impedan e matri%? 5. What is a $us? 6. What is $us admittan e matri%? 7. What are the advantages !f per unit s#stem? 8. What are s#mmetri al !mp!nents? 9. What is meant $# p!sitive& negative and 'er! se(uen e impedan es? 10. Define se(uen e impedan e and se(uen e net"!r)
*ar)s+ 16 1,-he single line diagram !f an unl!aded p!"er s#stem is sh!"n in .ig./018.-he generat!r transf!rmer ratings are as f!ll!"s. 11220 *34& 11 )3& 5662257 12230 *34& 18 )3& 5662257 13230 *34& 20 )3& 5662217 -1225 *34& 220813.8 )3 9:8;,& 52157 -223 single phase units ea h rated 10 *34& 127818 )39;8:,& 52157 -3215 *34& 220820 )39;8:,& 52157 Dra" the rea tan e diagram using a $ase !f 50 *34 and 11 )3 !n the generat!r1.

2,.ind the $us admittan e matri% f!r the given net"!r). Determine the redu ed admittan e matri% $# eliminating n!de 4. -he values are mar)ed in p.u.

3, .ind the $us impedan e matri% f!r the s#stem "h!se rea tan e diagram is sh!"n in fig. 4ll the impedan es are in p&u.

4, -he s#mmetri al !mp!nents !f a phase <a v!ltage in a 30phase un$alan ed s#stem are 3 a!210 180= 3& 3a1250 0=3 and 3a2220 90= 3.Determine the phase v!ltages 3a &3$ and 3

$, Dra" the rea tan e diagram f!r the p!"er s#stem sh!"n in fig .>se a $ase !f 50 *34 230 )3 in 30 ? line. -he ratings !f the generat!r& m!t!r and transf!rmers are 1enerat!r 2 20 *34& 20 )3& 5220 *!t!r 2 35 *34& 13.2 )3& 52257 -1 2 25 *34& 188230 )3 9;8;,& 52107 -2 2 45 *34& 230813.8 )3 9;8:,& 52157

Unit II *ar)s+ 2

1, What is a sla ) $us? 2, What is l!ad fl!" stud#? 3, What are the three lasses !f $uses !f a p!"er s#stem used in p!"er fl!" anal#sis? 4, Define v!ltage !ntr!lled $us. 5, What is @/ $us? 6, A!mpare 1auss0Beidel meth!d and Ce"t!n0Daphs!n meth!d !f E!ad fl!" studies 7, What is the need f!r sla ) $us? 8, When the generat!r $us is treated as l!ad $us? 9, What are the advantages !f 1auss0Beidal meth!d? 10, Define infinite $us.
*ar)s+ 16 1, .ig.12 sh!"s a three $us p!"er s#stem. Fus 1 + Bla ) $us& 32 1.05800 p.u. Fus 2 + @3 $us& 3 2 1.0 p.u. @g 2 3 p.u. Fus 3 + @/ $us& @E 2 4 p.u.& /E 2 2 p.u. Aarr# !ut !ne iterati!n !f l!ad fl!" s!luti!n $# 1auss Beidel meth!d. Cegle t limits !n rea tive p!"er generati!n.

2, Aarr# !ut !ne iterati!n !f l!ad fl!" anal#sis !f the s#stem given $el!" $# 1auss0Beidal meth!d Fus n! 1 2 3 Fus t#pe Bla ) @03 @0/ @ 0 0.8 1.0 / 0 0.1 M / M 1 0.4 3 p.u 1.02 1 0

Eine rea tan e in p.u Fus !de 102 203 301 Gmpedan e H0.5 H0.5 H0.5

3, With a fl!" hart& e%plain the CD Gterative meth!d f!r s!lving l!ad fl!" pr!$lem.. 4, Dra" the fl!" hart !f .ast De !upled l!ad fl!" meth!d 5, I%plain the ir uit !f a transf!rmer "ith !ff0n!minal transf!rmer rati! !nne ted t! a transmissi!n line? Unit III *ar)s+ 2

1, Define sh!rt ir uit apa it#. 2, What is meant $# fault? 3, What is the need f!r sh!rt ir uit anal#sis? 4, Came an# t"! meth!ds !f redu ing sh!rt ir uit urrent. 5, J!" d! sh!rt ir uits ! ur in a p!"er s#stem? 6, Write the relative fre(uen # !f ! urren e !f vari!us t#pes !f faults. 7, Define s#mmetri al fault 8, What is su$transient rea tan e? 9, What is s#n hr!n!us rea tan e? 10, Eist the vari!us t#pes !f shunt and series faults.

*ar)s+ 16

1, 4 30phase transmissi!n line !perating at 33 K3 and having a resistan e and rea tan e !f 5 L and 20 L respe tivel# is !nne ted t! a generating stati!n $us $ar thr!ugh a 15 *34 step up transf!rmer "hi h has a rea tan e !f 0.06 p.u.-"! generat!rs& !ne 10 *34 having 0.1 p.u rea tan e and an!ther 5 *34 having 0.075 p.u rea tan e are !nne ted t! the $us $ars. al ulate the sh!rt ir uit *34 and the fault urrent "hen a 30phase sh!rt ir uit ! urs at 9i, high v!ltage terminals !f the transf!rmer 9ii, at the l!ad end !f the transmissi!n line. 2, .!r the radial net"!r) sh!ne $el!" a three phase fault ! urs at .. Determine the fault urrent and the line v!ltage at 11 )3 $us under fault !nditi!ns

3, 4 s#n hr!n!us generat!r and a s#n hr!n!us m!t!r ea h rated 25 *34& 11 K3 having 157 su$0 transient rea tan e are !nne ted thr!ugh transf!rmers and a line . -he transf!rmers are rated 25 *34& 11866 K3 and 66811 K3 "ith lea)age rea tan e !f 107 ea h. -he line has a rea tan e !f 107 !n a $ase !f 25 *34& 66 Kv. -he m!t!r is dra"ing 15 *W at 0.5 p!"er fa t!r leading and a terminal v!ltage !f 10.6 K3. When a s#mmetri al 3 phase fault ! urs at the m!t!r terminals. .ind the su$0transient urrent in the generat!r& m!t!r and fault 4, I%plain the step $# step pr! edure f!r s#stemati fault anal#sis using $us impedan e matri% 5, -he $us impedan e matri% !f f!ur $us s#stem "ith values in p.u is given $# N$us2H 0.1488 0.0651 0.0864 0.0978 0.0651 0.1554 0.0798 0.0967 0.0864 0.0799 0.1341 0.1058 0.0978 0.0967 0.1058 0.1566

Gf a 30phase fault ! urs at $us 01 "hen there is n! l!ad& find the su$ transient urrent in the fault and v!ltages at all $uses. 4ls! find the su$ transient urrent supplied $# the generat!r !nne ted t! the $us0 2 $# ta)ing the su$transient rea tan e !f generat!r as H0.2 p.u.-he prefault v!ltage is 1 p.u Unit IV *ar)s+ 2 1, What is a se(uen e net"!r)? 2Came the vari!us uns#mmetri al faults in a p!"er s#stem. 3, Write the $!undar# !nditi!n in single line t! gr!und fault? 4, Came the faults "hi h d! n!t have 'er! se(uen e urrents fl!"ing 5, Dra" the 'er! se(uen e diagram !f a s#n hr!n!us generat!r "ith neutral gr!unded 6, Dra" the negative se(uen e diagram !f a s#n hr!n!us ma hine 7, Define negative se(uen e impedan e 8, 1ive the $!undar# !nditi!n f!r the 30phase fault 9, Define transient rea tan e 10, Gn "hi h fault the negative and 'er! se(uen e urrents are a$sent?

*ar)s+ 16
1, Derive the e%pressi!n f!r fault urrent in Eine0t!0Eine fault !n an unl!aded generat!r

2, 4 salient p!le generat!r "ith!ut dampers is rated 20 *34&13.8 K3 and has a dire t a%is su$transient rea tan e 0.25 per unit. -he negative and 'er! se(uen e rea tan es are 0.35& and 0.10 per unit respe tivel#. -he neutral !f the generat!r is s!lidl# gr!unded. Determine the su$transient urrent in the generat!r and the line t! line v!ltages f!r su$transient !nditi!ns. "hen a single line t! gr!und fault ! urs at the generat!r terminals "ith generat!r !perating unl!aded at rated v!ltages. Cegle t resistan e 3, Derive the e%pressi!n f!r fault urrent in d!u$le line t! gr!und fault !n unl!aded generat!r. 4,Derive the e%pressi!n f!r fault urrent in single line0t!0gr!und fault thr!ugh impendan e 5,4 generat!r !f negligi$le resistan e having 1 p.u v!ltage $ehind transient rea tan e is su$He ted t! different t#pes !f faults. -#pe !f fault Desulting fault urrent in p.u 30phase 3.33 E0E 2.23 E01 3.01 Aal ulate the per unit value !f 3 se(uen e rea tan es Unit V *ar)s+ 2 1, What is p!"er s#stem sta$ilit#? 2, Define infinite $us in a p!"er s#stem. 3, Define riti al learing time and riti al learing angle. 4, Define s"ing urve. What is the use !f s"ing urve? 5, J!" sta$ilit# studies are lassified.What are the#? 6, Define @!"er angle 7, Btate I(ual area riteri!n. 8, What is transient sta$ilit# limit? 9, Write d!"n the units !f inertia !nstants * and J and their interrelati!nship. 10,a 50 J'&4 p!le tur$!generat!r !f rating 20 *34&13.2 K3 has an inertia !nstant !f J29 KW0 se 8K34..ind the )ineti energ# st!re in the r!t!r at s#n hr!n!us speed.

M !"#: %&
1, Derive s"ing e(uati!n used f!r sta$ilit# studies in p!"er s#stem. 2,I%plain the m!dified Iuler meth!d !f anal#'ing multi ma hine p!"er s#stem f!r sta$ilit# "ith a neat fl!" hart. 3,4 generat!r !perating at 50 J' delivers 1 p.u p!"er t! an infinite $us thr!ugh a transmissi!n ir uit in "hi h resistan e is ign!red. 4 fault ta)es pla e redu ing the ma%imum p!"er transfera$le t! 0.5 p.u& "hereas $ef!re the fault& this p!"er "as 2.0 p.u and after the learan e !f the fault& it is 1.5 p.u.$# the use !f e(ual area riteri!n& determine the riti al learing angle. 4, Des ri$e the e(ual area riteri!n f!r transient sta$ilit# anal#sis !f a s#stem. 5, .ind the riti al learing angle f!r learing the fault "ith simultane!us !pening !f the $rea)ers 1 and 2. -he rea tan e values !f vari!us !mp!nents are indi ated !n the diagram. -he generat!r is delivering 1.0 p.u. p!"er at the instant pre eding the fault. -he fault ! urs at p!int p as sh!"n in the figure.

B>ARAT> UNI)ERSITY C>ENNAI

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION AND SEITCHGEAR SUB CODE: BEE702 YEAR: IV SEM: VII UNIT I-PROTECTI)E RELAYS PART-A 1. What is relay and fun ti!ns !f pr!te tive rela#s 2. What are !ver and under urrent rela#s? 3. Define resetting time !f a rela#. 4. Define !perating time !f a rela#. 5. Came the different )inds !f !ver urrent rela#s. 6. What is the need !f rela# !!rdinati!n? 7. What are the features !f dire ti!nal rela#? 8. %efine differential relay. 9. What is stati rela#? 10. *enti!n an# t"! appli ati!ns !f differential rela#. PART-B 1. a, %raw the constructional details of non.directional inductance relay. *&, b,. %raw the constructional details of induction type directional power relay *&, 2. %escribe the construction and principle of operation of induction type directional over current relay *1+, 3. What are the different types of electro!agnetic relays" %iscuss their field of applications.*1+, 4. Dis uss the $asi prin iple !f rela# "ith the essential (ualities !f pr!te tive rela#ing *1+, #. What is the differential relays and e plain any one type" *1+, UNIT II-APPANRATUS PROTECTION PART-A
1. Define pr!te ted '!ne. 2. What is $iased differential $us '!ne redu ti!n? 3. What is $iased differential $us '!ne redu ti!n? 4. What are the uses !f $u hh!l'6s rela#? 5. What is !ver flu%ing pr!te ti!n in transf!rmer? 6. Wh# $us$ar pr!te ti!n is needed? 7. What are the limitati!ns !f $u hh!l' rela#? 8. What are the auses !f $us '!ne faults? 9. What are faults ass! iated "ith an alternat!r? 10. What are the auses !f !ver speed and h!" alternat!rs are pr!te ted fr!m it? PART-B
1. - plain in detail about the buchhol; relay *1+, 2. %raw and e plain the !er;.priceprotection of alternator stator winding. *1+, 3.*a,%iscuss 9he %ifferent Ways 1f 8lassifing 9he 5ub.5tations*&, *?, Write 0 5hort )otes 1n 5ub.5tation -/uip!ents *&, 4.What type of pilot protection is used for -:4 and =:4 trans!ission lines" *1+, #.Write 5hort )otes 1n *0, -arth @ault 3rotection *&, *?,8o!bined Lea7age 0nd 1ver Load 3rotection @or 9ransfor!er 98,

UNIT III-T>EORY OF ARC QUENC>ING PART-A 1. What is resistance switching"

2. What do you !ean by current chopping" 3. What is an arc" 4. 2ive the two !ethods of arc interruption" #. What is restri7ing voltage" +. What is !eant by recovery voltage" $. What is rrrv" &. What are the !ethods of capacitive switching" 9. What are !ain advantages and disadvantages of hrc fuse" 1(. %efine earthing switch" PART-B 1. %escribe the construction and operation of the :A8 cartridge fuse. What are its advantage and disadvantage" *1+, 2. - plain ter!s B i,Aestri7ingvoltage *3, ii,Aecoveryvoltage *3, iii,AAA4 *3, iv,%erive e pressions for restri7ing voltage and AAA4. *3, v, What !easures are ta7en to reduce the!" *4, 3.*a, What is resistance switching" *4, *b, %erive the e pression for critical resistance. *12, 4. - plain the following ter!s> *i, Mini!u! fusing current *4, *ii,Aated current *4, *iii,@using factor *4, *iv,3rospective current. *4, #. *a, What is a fuse" What are its duties" Why lead in alloy fuse is the best for only low value of current" *&, *b, What are the factors on which the current carrying capacity of the fuse depends" *&, UNIT I)-CIRCUIT BREAKER PART-A
1. What is ir uit $rea)er? 2. What is the main pr!$lem !f the ir uit $rea)er? 3. Write the lassifi ati!n !f ir uit $rea)ers $ased !n the medium used f!r ar I%tin ti!n? 4. What are demerits !f m! $? 5. What are the advantages !f !il as ar (uen hing medium? 6. What are the t#pes !f air $last ir uit $rea)er? 7. What are the advantages !f air $last ir uit $rea)er !ver !il ir uit $rea)er? 8. What are the demerits !f using !il as an ar (uen hing medium? 9. What is meant $# ele tr! negativit# !f sf6 gas? 10. What are the hara teristi !f sf6 gas?

1. 2. 3. 4. #.

PART-B - plain the construction and wor7ing of double arc e tinction cha!ber a ial blast circuit brea7er. *abcb,. .show the constructional layout of sf+ brea7er and is advantages and disadvantages.*1+, - plain the principle of operation of vacuu! circuit brea7er *1+, - plain the principle of operation of !ini!u! oil circuit brea7er *1+, What are the different !ethods of testing of circuit brea7ers" %iscuss their !erits and de!erits. *1+, UNIT )-O)ER )OLTAGE PROTECTION PART-A

1. Btate the vari!us t#pes !f earthing. 2. What are ar ing gr!unds? 3. What is ar suppressi!n !il? 4. Btate the signifi an e !f single line t! gr!und fault. 5. What is a peterson coil" *enti!n the indu tan e value !f the peters!n6s !il.

+. List the types of faults in power syste! $. What is surge absorber" :ow do they differ fro! surge diverter" &.define the ter! Cinsulation coordinationD. '.i!portance of neutral grounding 1(. What is lightning pheno!enon" PART-B 1. *a, what are the causes of over voltage on a power syste!" *&, *b,. %escribe the pheno!enon of lightning. *&, 2. %escribe the construction and principle of operation of *a, e pulsion type lightning arrester6 *&, *b, value type lightning arrester. *&, 3. - plain the operation of various types of surge absorbers *1+, 4. What is peterson coil" What protective functions are perfor!ed by this device" *1+, #.What is 3eterson coil" What protective functions are perfor!ed by this device" *1+, Write short notes on the following. *4, *i, 7lydonograph and !agnetic lin7 *4, *ii, Aod gap *4, *iii, 0rcing horns *4, *iv, ?asic i!pulse insulation level*4,

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UNIT I PART A (2 MARKS$ 1. What are the advantages of electric drive over !echanical drive" 2. %efine -lectric %rives. 3. What are the factors influencing the choice of electric drives" 4. What are the functions perfor!ed by electric drives" #. Mention the applications of electrical drives +. Mention the different types of classes of duty $. Mention the 5tarters used to start an Induction !otor. &. %raw the speed.tor/ue characteristics of various types of loads. '. What is !eant by bra7ing" 1(. Why does the !otor ta7e heavy current at starting" PART B (%& MARKS $ 1. *i, 8o!pare the %.8 and 0.8 drives.
*ii, Write a brief note on classes of duty for an electric !otor.

*+,
*1(,

2. - plain in detail about the various types of electric drives. *1+, 3. - plain the choice of selection of the !otor for different loads. *1+, 4. - plain various !ethods of bra7ing of drive !otors *1+, #. *i, - plain about the various starting !ethods of !otor *1(, *ii, Write short notes on load e/uali;ation *+, U,-+ II PART A (2 MARKS$ 1. 2ive the e pression for speed for a %8 !otor. 2. What are the ways of speed control in dc !otors" 3. What is a controlled rectifier" 4. :ow the %.8. !otor is affected at the ti!e of starting" #. Mention the advantages of rectifier fed dc drives" +. W* + !/ +*/ 9 -, 886-4 +-2,# 23 W !5-L/2, !5 #0#+/9? $. What are the !ethods of ar!ature voltage control dc !otor" &. What are the causes of poor input power factor in phase controlled dc drives " '. What is !eant by four /uadrant operation" 1(. Mention the applications of chopper fed dc drives 30A9 ? (%& MARKS $ 1. %iscuss the Ward.Leonard speed control syste! with a neat circuit diagra!. 0lso !ention its advantages and disadvantages. 2. 2%raw the circuit diagra! and e plain the operation of chopper fed separately e cited dc !otor and derive the e pression for speed. 3. 3. %escribe the operation of 1 phase fully controlled rectifier control of %8 separately e cited !otor and obtain the e pression of !otor speed 4. - plain the four /uadrant operation of dual converter fed separately e cited %8 !otor drive.

#. - plain the !otoring operation and bra7ing operation of three phase fully controlled rectifier control of dc separately e cited !otor with aid of diagra!s and wavefor!s. 0lso obtain the e pression for !otor ter!inal voltage and speed. UNIT III PART A (2 MARKS$ 1. Mention so!e of !erits and de!erits of 08 drives@ 2. Why the control of a three.phase induction !otor is !ore difficult than %.8. !otors" 3. What are the effects of har!onics in 45I fed induction !otor drive" 4.What is !eant by rotor resistance control" #.What is !eant by slip power recovery syste!" +.What are the features of variable fre/uency control" $. What is !eant by 4E@ control " &. 8o!pare voltage source and current source inverter fed drives '. What are the applications of slip power recovery sche!e of slip ring induction !otor" 1(. What happens to the perfor!ance of 08 !otor if stator voltage control techni/ue is adopted with fre/uency being constant " PART B(%& MARKS $ 1. - plain the principle of operation of variable fre/uency controls of three phase induction !otor.
2. - plain with neat s7etch the static Fra!er variable drive syste! using slip recovery sche!e. 3.- plain the operation of closed loop control of induction !otor drives.

". %iscuss an briefly about the control of an induction !otor by stator voltage variation using three phase voltage controller the operation of a 3 phase 08 voltage controller fed 3 phase induction !otor. #. - plain with neat s7etch the static scherbius !ethod of speed control of three phase induction !otor. UNIT I) PART A (2 MARKS$ 1. What are the advantages of self control of a synchronous !otor " 2. What are the characteristics of self controlled !ode operated synchronous !otor" 3. What are !a<or applications of cycloconverter fed synchronous !otor" 4. Write the tor/ue e/uation of synchronous !otor #.What are the two controllers e!ployed in the closed loop control of synchronous !otor drives" +.What is a co!!utatorless dc !otor " $.What are the different ways of receiving variable voltage and variable fre/uency for a synchronous !otor" &.What are the different !odes e!ployed to achieve variable fre/uency control in synchronous !otors" '. What is constant !argin angle control of synchronous !otor drive" 1(. What are the advantages of using closed loop control in drives"

PART B(%& MARKS $

1. *a,- plain the self controlled !ode of operation of 5ynchronous !otor . *b, - plain the constant !arginal angle control 2. - plain in detail about the cycloconverter fed 5ynchronous !otor 3. With neat diagra! e plain about the current source inverter fed synchronous !otor 4. %escribe the self control of synchronous !otor fed fro! 45I. %iscuss about separately controlled synchronous !otor fed fro! 45I.8o!pare the above two sche!es. #.*i, - plain the open loop voltageE:; speed control of synchronous !otor. *ii, What are the effects of :ar!onics on the perfor!ance of 08 !otors UNIT ) PART A (2 MARKS$ 1. What are the advantages of digital techni/ues in speed control" 2. What are the li!itations of digital techni/ues in speed control" 3. What are the functions of a !icroprocessor in digital control techni/ues" 4. What are the applications of Microprocessors in the area of drives" #. What are C5teel Aolling !illsD" +. What are the different types of 5teel Aolling !ills" $. What are the types of drives used in Lifts and 8ranes" &. What are the different processes in 3aper !ills" '. What are the advantages of control using Microprocessor over the hardware syste!s" 1(. What are the types of drives used in 3aper !ills" PART B (%& MARKS $ 1. - plain about digital techni/ue in speed control and its advantages. 2. - plain in detail about the !icroprocessor based control dc drives. 3. - plain the !icroprocessor based speed control of 08 drives. 4. - plain the 5election of drives G control sche!es for steel rolling !ills6 paper !ills6 lifts G cranes #. - plain different types of electric drives and its applications various industry.

QUESTION BANK FOR THE SUBJECT OPERATIONS RESEARCH FOR ENGINEERS SUBJECT CODE BMA701 PART A QUESTIONS UNIT- I LINEAR PROGRAMMING 1. 5tate any four applications of operation 8esearch. 2. #efine feasible solution. 3. 4ist any three approaches used with transportation problem for finding the initial solution. ". hat do you understand by degeneracy in a transportation problem! $. #efine 9ravelling salesman problem. %. #efine 9ransportation problem. ). #efine <nbalanced 9ransportation problem. +. hat are the methods of solving *ssignment problem. ,. rite the mathematical formulation of *ssignment problem. 1.. #efine *ssignment -roblem. UNIT II RESOURCE SCHEDULING AND NET ORKS 1. =ow do we determine the se2uencing problem! 2. rite any four assumptions in se2uencing problem. 3. #efine critical path and total float. ". #efine an *ctivity with an e'ample. $. #raw a networ? diagram for the following set of activities. * F > , ( G > , ( F # G > F & , 0 G # , 0 F G. %. rite the formula for finding the idle time for machine 1. ). rite the condition for processing n Hobs on three machines. +. hat are the types of techni2ues used for proHect scheduling and give with an e'ample. ,. rite the formula for finding the &'pected time estimate. 1.. hat are the three types of time estimates! UNIT III INVENTORY MODELS 1. hat is meant by /nventory! 2. #efine 4ead time. 3. hat are the different cost involving in /nventory 3odels! ". Name the types of models of /nventory 5ystem. $. #efine &E7. %. #efine 8eorder level. ). hat are the variables related to inventory models and define the variables. +. rite =arris ilson economic lot si:e formula. ,. #efine shortage cost. 1.. #efine storage cost. UNIT IV QUEUING MODELS 1. rite some of the 7ueue service disciplines. 2. #efine >al?ing . 3. rite down the Cendal1s Notation for representing 7ueuing models. ". #efine 9ransient and 5teady state $. #efine Ioc?eying. %. #efine 9raffic /ntensity. ). #efine 8eneging. +. Give the classification of 7ueuing models. ,. rite the formula for 45 , 42 , s , 2 in birth and death model. 1.. #efine priorities. UNIT V

DECISION MODELS 1. hat is meant by pay off matri'! 2. hat is a saddle point and two person :ero sum game! 3. hat are two types of replacement! /llustrate with an e'ample. ". rite the types of situation for replacement with an e'ample, $. 5olve: -layer > -layer * %. #efine strategy. ). #efine the value of the game. +. /f the following game is determinable find the limits for the value of the PLAYER B

PLAYER A ,. 1.. rite the formula for finding the average annual cost. rite the formula for finding the total maintenance cost during n years when t is Ji) #iscrete Jii) (ontinuous. PART B QUESTIONS UNIT - I LINEAR PROGRAMMING 1.5olve the 4-- by 5imple' 3ethod 3a'imise K L '1 M 3'2 5ubHect to the constraint '1 N $, '1 M2'2 N 1., '2 N ", '1 , '2 O .. 2.5olve the following transportation problem: #1 1, ). ". 52 53 1+ #emand $ , + ) 1" #2 3. 3. + #3 #" $. ". ). 5upply 1. %. 2. 51 )

3.5olve the following 9ransportation problem: 1 2 3 #emand 31 ! 12 , 2$ 32 10 , 11 32 33 7 " 1. ". 3" " ) + 23 5upply #0 ". 3.

".5olve the following *ssignment problem: 1 2 3 " $ $ $ ; 2 % ) " 2 3 " , 3 $ . 3 ) 2 % ) 2 % $ ) , 1

$.5olve the following *ssignment problem: * > ( # ; " ) 3 " ; % 3 ) % ; ) 3 3 ) ; " " $ )

& " " $ ) ;

UNIT II RESOURCE SCHEDULING AND NET ORKS 1.#etermine the se2uence which minimi:es the total time for processing five Hobs on three machines *, > and (. 9he following table gives the processing times. Iobs 3achine * 3achine > 3achine ( 1 + $ " 2 1. % , 3 % 2 + " ) 3 % $ 11 " $

2.5olve the following se2uencing problem of four Hobs on five machines. * > ( # 31 ) % $ + 32 $ % " 3 33 2 " $ 3 3" 3 $ % 2 3$ , 1. + %

3.* proHect has the following time schedule: *ctivity 9ime in months Ji) Jii) Jiii) 1;2 2 1;3 2 1;" 1 2;$ " 3;% + 3;) $ ";% 3 $;+ 1 %;, $ );+ " +;, 3

(onstruct the networ?. 0ind the total float for each activity. 0ind the critical path and the proHect duration.

". 9he activities of a proHect have the following -&89 time estimates: Iobs 9o 9m 9p 1;2 3 % 1$ 1;% 2 $ 1" 2;3 % 12 3. 2;" 2 $ + 3;$ $ 11 1) ";$ 3 % 1$ %;) 3 , 2) $;+ 1 " ) );+ " 1, 2+

#raw the proHect networ? and calculate the length and variance of the critical path. $. * small proHect is composed of seven activities whose time estimates are listed in the table as follows: *ctivity 9o 9m 9p 1;2 1 1 ) 1;3 1 " ) 1;" 2 2 + 2;$ 1 1 1 3;$ 2 $ 1" ";% 2 $ + $;% 3 % 1$

a) #raw the proHect networ?. b) 0ind the e'pected duration and variance of each activity. c) hat is the e'pected proHect length. d) (alculate the variance and standard deviation of proHect length. hat is the probability that the proHect will be completed. Ji) *tleast " wee?s earlier than e'pected! Jii) No more than " wee?s later than e'pected! e) /f the proHect due date is 1, wee?s, what is the probability of meeting the due date UNIT-III INVENTORY MODELS 1.9he demand for a commodity is %.. units per year. 9he ordering cost is 8s.+.. 9he cost of the item is 8s.3 and the inventory holding cost is 2.P of the cost per year. /f the lead time is one year . 0ind Ji) 9he &E7 Jii) 9he 8eorder point Jiii) 9he minimum *verage *nnual cost. 2. *n item is produced at the rate of $. units per day. 9he demand is at the rate of 2$ units per day. 9he set up cost is 8s 1.. and the holding cost is 8s ...1 per unit per day. 0ind the &E7 and the minimum annual inventory costs. *fter how many days should production be stopped during each run! 3.9he demand for an internal circlips used in an electric assembly in a company is 2)... units per year. 9he company can produce internal circlips at the rate of "$.. per month. 9he inventory carrying cost is 23 paise per circlip per month and the cost per setup is 8s )$.. 9he cost of one unit short is 8s 3. per year. #etermine the following: a) Eptimum purchase 2uantity. b) 5hortage 2uantity. c) 9ime between setups. d) 3anufacturing time. e) 3a'imum inventory. f) 3inimum or optimal cost.

".9he price brea? of the product is <nit cost L 3onthly demand is 2.. units storage cost is 2P of the unit cost per month. 0ind the &E7 if Erdering cost is 8s 3$. Erdering cost is 8s 1...

Ji) Jii)

$. * manufacturing company purchases ,... parts of a machine for its annual re2uirements, ordering one month usage at a time, each part costs 8s.2.. 9he ordering cost per order is 8s 1$ and the carrying chargers are 1$P of the average inventory per year. Qou have been assigned to suggest a more economical purchasing policy for the company. hat advice would you offer and how much would it save the company per year! UNIT-IV QUEUING MODELS 1.(ars arrive at a petrol pump, having one petrol unit, in poisson fashion with an average of 1. cars per hour. 9he service time is distributed e'ponentially ith a mean of 3 minutes. 0ind Ji) *verage number of cars in the system. Jii) *verage waiting time in the 7ueue. Jiii) *verage 7ueue length. Jiv) 9he probability that the number of cars in the system is 2. 2.-eople arrive at a 9heatre tic?et booth in a poisson distributed arrival rate of 2$ per hour. 5ervice time is constant at 2 minutes. calculate Ja) 9he mean number in the waiting line. Jb) 9he mean waiting time. Jc) 9he utilisation factor. 3.* telephone e'change has two long distance operators. 9he telephone company finds that during the pea? load, long distance calls arrive in a poisson fashion at an average rate of 1$ per hour. 9he length of service on these calls is appro'imately e'ponentially distributed with mean length $ minutes. Ja) hat is the probability that a subscriber will have to wait for his long distance call during the pea? hours of the day! Jb) /f the subscribers will wait and are serviced in turn, what is the e'pected waiting time! ".* 5upermar?et has two girls ringing up sales at the counters. /f the service time for each customer is e'ponential with mean " minutes and if the people arrive in a poisson fashion at the rate of 1. per hour. Ja) hat is the probability of having to wait for service! Jb) hat is the e'pected P of idle time for each girl! Jc) /f a customer has to wait, what is the e'pected length of his waiting time! $.*t a one;man barber shop, the customers arrive following poisson process at an average rate of $ per hour and they are served according to e'ponential distribution with an service rate of 1. minutes. *ssuming that only $ seats are available for waiting customers, find the average time a customers, find the average time a customer spends in the system.

UNIT-V DECISION MODELS 1.<sing the principle of dominance solve the game -layer > -layer *

2. <se graphical method to solve: -layer >

-layer * 3. 5olve the following 3R3 game -layer > -layer *

". 3achine * costs 8s. "$... and the running cost is 8s.1... for the / year and then increasing by 1.... per year afterwards. *nother machine > costs 8s.$.... and operating cost is 8s.2... for / year and then increasing by 8s."... per year subse2uently. /f we have machine * now, should we replace it with >! /f so find the best time for replacement. $. 9he following failure rates have been observed for certain items: &nd of the month -robability of failure to date 1 ..1. 2 ..3. 3 ..$$ " ..+$ $ 1...

9he cost of replacing an individual item is 8s.1.2$. 9he decision is made to replace all items simultaneously at fi'ed intervals and also replace individual items as they fail. /f the cost of group replacement is $. paise , hat is the best interval for group replacement.J /f there are 1... bulbs in use). SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS ALL THE BEST SSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSSS