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Pilani Campus
VINAYAK KALLURI
BITS Pilani
Pilani Campus
Welding
Welding is used for making permanent joints. A weld is defined by the American Welding society (AWS) as a localized fusion of materials or nonmetals produced either by heating the materials to the required welding temperatures with or without the application of pressure, or by the application of pressure alone, and with or without the use of filler materials
Arc
Carbon arc Metal arc MIG TIG Plasma arc Submerged arc Electro-slag
Gas
Resistance
Solid State
Misc
Welding -Fundamentals
Welding -Fundamentals
Welding -Fundamentals
Welded Joints
Fillet welds
(a) The number beside triangle indicates the leg size. The arrow need to point only to one weld when the weld on all sides is same. (b) Here the weld symbol indicates that he weldment is intermittent and staggered at 60 mm length at an interval of 200 mm (centre to centre distance).
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Fillet welds
Circle on the weld symbol indicates that the welding is to go all around.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Double V
Single bevel
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
= F / hl
= F / hl
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
C D B
) )
2
' = ( + 3
2
F = hl
= F / 0 .7 0 7 h l = 1 .4 1 4 F / h l
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Problem
The figure (b=d=50mm) shows a horizontal steel bar of thickness h = 5 mm loaded in steady tension and welded to a vertical support. Find the load F that will cause an allowable shear stress is 140 MPa in the throats of the welds.
Table 93
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Table 94
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
=V / A
Secondary shear stress:
= Mr / J
Twisting moment:
M = Fa
J = Second polar moment of area of the weldments about the cetroid of the weldment areas =
[J
Gi
+ A i ri 2 =
] [(I
xx
+ I yy
) + Ar ]
2 i i i
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
A = A1 + A2 = t1d + t 2b
Secondary shear estimation needs the estimation of the total second polar moment of area of the two weldments together.
t1 d 3 dt 13 t1 d 3 dt 13 (I x )1 = ; (I y )1 = ; J G1 = (I x )1 + (I y )1 = + 12 12 12 12 3 3 bt 2 t 2b 3 bt 2 t2b 3 (I x )2 = ; (I y )2 = ; J G 2 = (I x )2 + (I y )2 = + 12 12 12 12
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
A1 x1 + A2 x2 x= A A1 y1 + A2 y2 y= A
r1 =
[(x x
(
+ y
];
r2 =
[(x
)
x ) + (y 2 y )
2
J = J G 1 + A1 r12 + J G 2 + A 2 r22
) (
A = 0.707 hd
x =0 y = d /2
J u = d 3 / 12
The different patterns and their properties are listed in Table 9-1.
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
Problem
A torque T=2 kN-m is applied to the weldment as shown. Estimate the maximum shear stress in the weld.
Problem
A 20 mm thick steel bar is welded to a vertical support by two fillet welds. Find the safe bending force F if the permissible shear stress in the welds is 180 MPa.
I = 0.707hI u
Problem
The Fig shows a welded steel bracket loaded by a static force. Find the factor of safety if the allowable shear stress in the weld throat is 120 MPa.
Table 95
Problem
The weldment is subjected to a completely reversed force F. The hot rolled steel bar is 10 mm thick and is of AISI 1010 steel. The vertical support is of AISI 1010 steel. The electrode is 6010. Estimate the completely reversed load F the bar will carry.
A = 721.14 mm 2 For the electrode (table 9 - 4) S ut = 427 MPa S1 e = 0.5S ut = 213.5 MPa k a = 272 (427) -.995 = 0.656 kb = 1 k c = 0.59 S se = 82 .7 MPa K fs = 2.7 (Table 9 - 5) K fs a K fs m 1 + = Se S ut nf K fs Fa a = = S se (For n f = 1 & m = 0 ) A Fa = 22.09 kN
BITS Pilani, Pilani Campus
For the member, AISI 1010 (table A - 20) Sut = 320 MPa S'e = 0.5Sut = 160 MPa k a = 57.7(320)-0.718 = 0.917 kb = 1 k c = 0.85 Sse = 124.7 MPa K fs = 1 (assume) K fs Fa a = = Sse A Fa = 37.4 kN