Bicknell - Language Female Leadership Prague 2013

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The Language of Female Leadership
Prof. Dr. Helen Bicknell
BESIG, Prague, Nov 2013

Awareness exercises
1. What do you feel is the greatest strength in womens communication? 2. What do you feel is the greatest strength in mens communication? 3. What do you feel is the biggest weakness in womens communication? 4. What do you feel is the biggest weakness in mens communication?
Source: Nelson & Brown, 2012, p.21
3
Male Dominated Corporations
Gender-Divided Corporations
Gendermultiple Corporations
Source: Judith Baxter (2010) The language of female leadership, Palgrave, Macmillan
4
M/F language in business situations

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Display talk Interrupting Verbal harassment Accusations Insults Agreement Questions Careful listening 9. Put-downs 10.Minimal responses 11.Tag questions 12.Supportive 13.Extended jokes 14.Not listening 15.Boasting
(see also Handout p. 2 : Talk the Talk: Source- Nelson & Brown 2012, p. 39)
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Research shows: Linguistic Features of Male-Dominated Corporations

Display talk Interrupting Extended jokes Not listening Boasting Verbal harassment Accusations Insults Put-downs Careful listening Agreement Minimal responses Questions Tag questions Supportive
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The Context: (past?) Male-Dominated Corporations Societies are gender-divided Men are superior in strength, intellect, other survival and social skills Males > public Females> private spheres
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Reconstructed Male-Dominated Corporations (present) Gender-neutrality eritocracy !not discrimination "i#ersity $ %okenism &one woman or ethnic minority on main board ' #ery few female senior managers
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Sex-role Stereotyping in Male-Dominated Corporations
Source: Kanter, 1977 in Baxter

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Power and Femininity

POSITION OF HIGH POWER Leader 3 DENIAL OF AWARENESS Leader 1 Leader 2 POSITION OF LOW POWER
Source: Sinclair (1998) in Baxter, p.47
Leader 4 SEXUAL AWARENESS
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Linguistic features of MDCs

(egati#e or se)ist language is often *re#alent in these com*anies. +,e is used -not s!he./ chairman/ derogatory terms used for women. Women are0 +scary/ +bossy/ +hard/ +a man in womens clothes.
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The gender-neutral guise

Is often covert instrument for male-dominated cultures. The glass ceiling doesnt exist.
The double-bind
In such situations, women have to: think like a man, act like a lady and work like a dog (Newton, 1979) Therefore, gender-neutrality is one of the gendered discourses that some women adopt in MaleDominated corporate cultures.
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Equal.. Men are: Competitive Dominate at senior mgt levels transactional styles preferred But different Women are: Co-operative In administrative and clerical positions relational styles of leadership
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Language in the genderdivided corporation

Men & women are equal, but different. Men & women have different speech, behaviour, and leadership effectiveness. Females = verbal Males = visual-spatial & mathematical
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Implications of this for women

Women should use feminine language, but assertiveness can be viewed negatively. (ref: Sandberg Ted-talk/Lean In book) Gender-difference theory assumes female leaders and male leaders have different leadership language. Females = relational Males = transactional
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Relational Leadership
1ossner -1223.0 leadershi* odel of +interacti#e
4 5ncourage *artici*ation 4 6hare *ower and information 4 5nhance the self-worth of others 4 5nergise others Also called relational approach A positive, feminine leadership style
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Gender-Multiple Corporations
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Social Constructionist perspective

We dont +ha#e a gender/ we +do a gender/ by beha#ing in *articular *hysical and linguistic ways. %here are many different ways of being a +man or a +woman- age/ social grou*/ family background/ education can be more im*ortant.
19
Gender-Multiple Corporations
Gender is important, but not all-defining. Identities are mixed: gender, age, education, professional status, ethnicity, language, class, personality Relatively equal numbers of men & women across all business functions and levels. Both men and women use transactional and relational leadership styles and are aware of gendered discourses
20
Relational leadership
7uilding ra**ort/ rather than +command ' control. 7a)ters research showed male leaders in theory/ showing sym*athy for relational leadershi* styles. ,owe#er/ in *ractice/ they often s*eak +like men -using +8/ name-dro**ing/ using s*orting or military meta*hors..
21
How do female leaders use language?

"ouble-#oiced discourse -other directed. or +code switching :s 6ingle-#oiced discourse -self directed.
Source: Judith Baxter (2010) The language of female leadership, Palgrave, Macmillan
22
-see ,andout *. 3-9.
Observed in Meetings
,olmes 6tudy 1222 133 meetings - e;ual nos. of men ' women en asked 92< -e)ce*t in =!133. 3 %y*es of ;uestions0 1. 6u**orti#e 2.>ritical
3. ?ntagonistic -2 ) men.
23
Code-Switching
1. Gender >on#ersations %echnicalities0 8nterru*tions/ o#erla**ing/ turntaking dilemmas 2. Women/ -Aower. en ' @ns*oken essages
3. ,ow ,e ' 6he listen 4. en/ Women ' >onflict

Audrey Nelson & Claire Damken Brown (2012) The Gender Communication Handbook, Pfeiffer/Wiley Handout (p. 3-6)
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What is a corporate linguistic strategy?

1. Bight se)ist language 2. >ontest terms used to describe women 3. >ontest masculinised used of meta*hors 4. >ontest use of generalisations C. >ontest gossi* and +mean talk
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How to become linguistic role models

authority
politeness
Leadership language
humour
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References etc.
Judith Baxter (2010) The language of female leadership, Palgrave, Macmillan Audrey Nelson & Claire Damken Brown (2012) The Gender Communication Handbook, Pfeiffer/Wiley Additional reading /Ted talk video: Sheryl Sandberg (2013) Lean In, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=18uDutylDa4 Avivah Wittenberg-Cox(2010) How Women Mean Business, Wiley Helen Bicknell (forthcoming) BESIG article!
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Myths about Sex Differences in Speech Communication (Answers to handout)

(Handout: Talk the Talk: Source- Nelson & Brown 2012, p. 39)
1 False - Men interrupt more/overlap 2. False - Men usually take the lead $.False - %omen use more ad&ectives ' adver(s *. +rue ,itch -oes do n v.convincin2. +rue 3elationships are important 4trou(les-talk"
6. True safe topics no personal stuff 7. False very indirect requests I ondered i! you ouldn"t mind# ). False .. +rue/ I have a question 0m1 Could I ask a question 0!1 56. False. 7Could I ask you a question89
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berschrift

The Language of Female Leadership

Prof. Dr. Helen Bicknell

BESIG, Prague, Nov 2013

Male Dominated Corporations

M/F language in business situations

Research shows: Linguistic Features of Male-Dominated Corporations

Sex-role Stereotyping in Male-Dominated Corporations

Source: Kanter, 1977 in Baxter

Power and Femininity

Leader 4 SEXUAL AWARENESS

Linguistic features of MDCs

The gender-neutral guise

Language in the genderdivided corporation

Implications of this for women

Social Constructionist perspective

How do female leaders use language?

-see ,andout *. 3-9.

3. ,ow ,e ' 6he listen 4. en/ Women ' >onflict

What is a corporate linguistic strategy?

How to become linguistic role models

Myths about Sex Differences in Speech Communication (Answers to handout)

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