Delphi Passenger Car Light Duty Truck Emissions Brochure 2013 2014

1
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1
WW Testing Procedures & Standards 3
Exhaust Emissions Standards
Economic Commission for Europe 4
WLTP 5
European Union
Type Approval & Vehicle Categories 7
Euro 1-4 8-11
Euro 5-6 13-16
Driving Cycles 17-18
US Federal
Tier II Standard 20-22
California
LEV I 26
LEV II 27
LEV III 27-29
NMOG 30-31
SFTP 32-35
Driving Cycles 36
Japan
Emissions Standards 38-39
Other Requirements 40
South Korea 44
Brazil 45-46
Other Areas of the World 47-49
Emissions Related Requirements
European On-Board Diagnostics
Euro 3-4 51
Euro 5-6 52-54
US On-Board Diagnostics
EPA OBD II 56
CARB OBD II - All Vehicles 56-58
CARB OBD II - Gasoline Vehicles 59-61
CARB OBD II - Diesel Vehicles 62-68
Fuel Consumption - CO
2
Emissions 70-79
Fuels
EU Reference Test Fuels 80
US Reference Test Fuels 81-82
Evaporative Emissions Standards
Conventional US/EU Test Procedures 84
Enhanced Evaporative Emissions 85-87
On-Board Refuelling Vapour Recovery 88-89
Motorcycles
European Union 91-92
WMTC 93
US Federal/California 94
Other Areas of the World 95-96
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3
WORLDWIDE TESTING PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS
European Union countries: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy,
Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom.
JAPAN
EUROPE
US
Standards on
10.15 mode +
11 mode cycles
EU
1993
Euro 1
1996
Euro 2
ECE
ECE
R 83/01
ECE
R 83/02
EPA
Tier 0
US 87
Tier 1
US 94
CARB Tier 0 Tier 1
2000/2002 Standards on
10.15 mode + 11 mode cycles
2000
Euro 3
2005
Euro 4
2009
Euro 5
ECE
R 83/03
ECE
R 83/04
2001
NLEV
2004
Tier 2
2015
LEV3
LEV ULEV TLEV ZEV LEV 1 LEV ULEV ZEV SULEV
2004
LEV 2
ECE
R 83/05
ECE
R83/6
2009 Post
new long Term
Mode cycle JC 08
2014
Euro 6b
2017
Euro 6c
2011
Euro 5+
2005 long Term
Standards
10.15 + 11 mode cycles
4 Exhaust Emissions Standards
ECE regulations are similar to EU directives. A base regulation is updated with a
consecutive series of amendments. Dates of implementation differ from country
to country, depending on the approval status of the respective amendment in
that country.
ECE-R-83/00 Content equivalent to 88/76/EEC and
Regulation ECE-R15/04 (approval A)
ECE-R-83/01 Content equivalent to 91/441/EEC
= EC 93 for passenger cars (Euro 1)
ECE-R-83/02 Content equivalent to 93/59/EEC
= EC 93 for passenger cars and large
passenger cars and light duty trucks
ECE-R-83/03 Content equivalent to 94/12/EC European Directive
= EC 96 for passenger cars plus LPG/NG vehicles (Euro 2)
= EC 96 for PC & LCV and 98/77/EC (LPG/NG emissions
& replacement catalytic converters)
= EC 2000 and EC 2005 (Euro 3 and Euro 4)
ECE-R-83/05 supplement 1 to 9
Contains provisions for OBD and access to repair information
Contains the emission test procedure for periodically
regeneration exhaust aftertreatment systems (e.g. particulate
trap, DeNOx catalyst)
Contains provisions for hybrid vehicles type approval
Contains specifc provisions for gaseous LPG/NG vehicles
Contains provisions for modifed particulate mass
measurement procedures in line with the conclusions of the
Particle Measurement Program
Contains provisions for particle number measurement
procedures in line with the conclusions of the Particulate
Measurement Program
ECE-R-83/06 content to be equivalent to 715/2007/EC (Euro 5 & Euro 6)
ECE
WLTP
Proposed WLTP Worldwide harmonized Light duty vehicle Test Procedure
Scope: World harmonized way to determine Passenger Car CO
2
emissions;
toxic emissions in a second phase
Introduction: Many delays encountered up until now. Earliest expected
application in Europe 2017
Cycle construction: - Extra high speed part only for European Union and US
- India and Japan require special high and extra high
speed part for vehicles with low power/mass ratio
Test Conditions: Be representative for real world driving conditions. AC on/
off; daylights on/off; audio system on/off; battery state of charge; ambient
temperature during test, vehicle weight, etc. are being debated and defned in
separate working groups
Additional items for worldwide emission regulation harmonization within
the framework of WLTP:
- Additional pollutants regulations (Ethanol, Aldehydes, NO
2
, N
2
O, NH
3
)
- Defnition of worldwide standardized method for particulate measurements
- Defnition of lab procedure for hybrid vehicle & electrical vehicle for energy
consumption
WLTC Version 5 (Proposal)
1)
NEDC = New European Driving Cycle - ECE + EUDC
NEDC
1)
WLTC
Length (s) 1.220 1.800
Length (km) 11,06 23,26
Idle time (%) 33 13
V
max
(km/h) 120 131,6
V
average
(km/h) 31,6 46,3
Accel
max
(m/sec
2
) 1 1,6
S
p
e
e
d

(
k
m
/
h
)
LOW MEDIUM HIGH ExTRA HIGH
Time (s)
135
120
105
90
75
60
45
30
15
0
0
3
1
6
2
9
3
1
2
4
1
5
5
1
8
6
2
1
7
2
4
8
2
7
9
3
1
0
3
4
1
3
7
2
4
0
3
4
3
4
4
6
5
4
9
6
5
2
7
5
5
8
5
8
9
6
2
0
6
5
1
6
8
2
7
1
3
7
4
4
7
7
5
8
0
6
8
3
7
8
6
8
8
9
9
9
3
0
9
6
1
9
9
2
1
0
2
3
1
0
5
4
1
0
8
5
1
1
1
6
1
1
4
7
1
1
7
8
1
2
0
9
1
2
4
0
1
2
7
1
1
3
0
2
1
3
3
3
1
3
6
4
1
3
9
5
1
4
2
6
1
4
5
7
1
4
8
8
1
5
1
9
1
5
5
0
1
5
8
1
1
6
1
2
1
6
4
3
1
6
7
4
1
7
0
5
1
7
3
6
1
7
6
7
1
7
9
8
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EUROPEAN UNION
VEHICLE CATEGORIES
Directive 70/156/EC, as amended by Directive 2007/46/EC Test Description Requirement
Type I Tailpipe Emissions See pages 8-16
after a cold start
2)
Test cycle: see pages 17-18
Type II CO Emission test at idling speed Determination of reference
value for I/M
1)
& COP.
Type III Emissions of crankcase gases Standard: zero emission
Type IV Evaporative Emissions See page 84
Type V Durability of anti-pollution devices See pages 8-16
Type VI Low temperature test See pages 10, 16
- OBD See pages 51-54
1)
I/M: Inspection & Maintenance
2)
RDE Real World Driving Emissions expected to be included in this section after 2017
Note: Type Approval is granted after compliance with tests and requirements
TyPE APPROVAL
Category Description Sub- Number Mass Limit
category of Persons
Up to

M1
9 Persons
GVW 3.500 kg

1)

M

Carriage of

Passengers

M2
Over
GVW 5.000 kg

Min. 4 wheels
9 Persons

PC

M3

5.000 kg < GVW
N1 CL 1 RM 1.305 kg

N1 CL 2
Max GVW 1.305 kg < RM

Carriage of

3.500 kg
1.760 kg
N Goods
N1 CL 3
N.A.

1.760 kg < RM

Min. 4 wheels

3.500 kg

N2 3.500 kg < GVW 12.000 kg
N3 12.000 kg < GVW
1)
Until Euro 4: Two subgroups: M1 with GVW 2.500 kg and M1 with 2.500 kg < GVW 3.500 kg
EUROPEAN UNION
1)
in brackets: COP values
2)
Limits for IDI Diesel. For DI Diesel until 30/09/1999: HC+NOX: 0,90 g/km, CO: 1,00 g/km, PM: 100 mg/km
3)
Newly required recording of in-use durability
4)
Until 12/2002 Diesel cars with GVW > 2 t and - a) > 6 seats or - b) off road vehicles were considered as N1 vehicles

EURO 1-4 - PASSENGER CARS M ( 2,5 T GVW, 6 SEATS)
Directive Text Number Euro 1 (EC 93)
1)
Euro 2 (EC 96) Euro 3 (EC 2000) Euro 4 (EC 2005)
91/441/EEC or 93/59/EEC 94/12/EC or 96/69/EC 70/220/EEC,
(EC93) (EC96) as amended by 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC
Application Date month/year TA: 07/1992 TA: 01/1996 TA: 01/2000 TA: 01/2005
FR: 01/1993 FR: 01/1997 FR: 01/2001 FR: 01/2006
Test type - URBAN (40 sec idle) URBAN (40 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) Rev. Urban (10 sec idle)
+ EUDC + EUDC + EUDC + EUDC
Combustion Type SI CI SI CI
2)
SI CI SI CI
4)
HC g/km - - - - 0,20 - 0,10 -
NOX g/km - - - - 0,15 0,5 0,08 0,25
HC + NOX g/km 0,97 (1,13) 0,97 (1,13) 0,50 0,70 - 0,56 - 0,30
CO g/km 2,72 (3,16) 2,72 (3,16) 2,20 1,00 2,30 0,64 1,00 0,50
PM mg/km - 140 (180) - 80 - 50 - 25
CO, HC+NO
X
: CO: 1,1 CO, HC+NO
X
: CO: 1,1 CO, HC, NO
X
: CO: 1,1 CO, HC, NO
X
: CO: 1,1
Deteriation factors - 1,4 HC+NO
X
: 1,0 1,5 HC+NO
X
: 1,0 1,2 HC+NO
X
: 1,0 1,2 HC+NO
X
: 1,0
PM: 1,2 PM: 1,3 PM: 1,2 PM: 1,2
Durability km 80.000 80.000 80.000 80.000
80.000 80.000 100.000 100.000
or 5 years or 5 years or 5 years
3)
or 5 years
3)
EOBD - NO NO NO NO YES YES YES YES
EUROPEAN UNION
1)
Reference weight in running order plus 25 kg
2)
in brackets: COP values
3)
Limits Diesel
4)
Included Large Passenger cars (> 2,5 t GVW)
5)
TA and FR application dates for EOBD differ from non OBD related dates: See EOBD section for more details
For Euro 2: COP = TA values (if not mentioned otherwise)
EURO 1-4 - LARGE PASSENGER CARS AND LIGHT DUTy TRUCKS N1 (> 2,5 T GVW, 7-9 SEATS, LDT 3,5 T)
Directive Text Euro 1 (EC 93) Euro 2 (EC 96) Euro 3 (EC 2000) Euro 4 (EC 2005)
Number
93/59/EEC (EC93) 96/44/EC or 94/12/EC 70/220/EEC, as amended by 70/220/EEC, as amended by
and 93/116/EEC(EC96) 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC 98/69/EC and 2003/76/EC
Vehicle Class Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
4)
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3
4)
1250 kg
1)
> 1250 kg > 1700 kg
1)
1250 kg 1) > 1250 kg > 1700 kg
1)
1700 kg
1)
1700 kg
1)

Application Date month TA: 10/1993 TA: 01/1997 TA: 01/1998 TA: 01/1998 TA: 01/2000 TA: 01/2001 TA: 01/2001 TA: 01/2005 TA: 01/2006 TA: 01/2006
/year FR: 10/1994 FR: 10/1997 FR: 10/1998 FR: 10/1999 FR: 01/2001 FR: 01/2002 FR: 01/2002 FR: 01/2006 FR: 01/2007 FR: 01/2007
Test type - URBAN (40 sec idle) + EUDC URBAN (40 sec idle) + EUDC Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC Rev. Urban (10 sec idle) + EUDC
Combustion Type Same limits for SI and CI engines SI CI SI CI SI SI SI CI SI CI SI CI SI CI SI CI SI CI
HC g/km - - - 0,20 - 0,25 - 0,29 - 0,10 - 0,13 - 0,16 -
NOX g/km - - - 0.15 0,5 0,18 0,65 0,21 0,78 0,08 0,25 0,1 0,33 0,11 0,39
HC + NOX g/km 0,97 (1,13)
2)
1,4 (1,6)
2)
1,7 (2,0)
2)
0,5 0,7 (0,9)
2)
0.6 1,0 (1,3)
2)
0,7 1,2 (1,6)
2)
- 0,56 - 0,72 - 0,86 - 0,30 - 0,39 - 0,46
CO g/km 2,72 (3,16)
2)
5,17 (6,0)
2)
6,9 (8,0)
2)
2,20 1,0 4,0 1,25 5,0 1,5 2,30 0,64 4,17 0,8 5,22 0,95 1,0 0,50 1,81 0,63 2,27 0,74
PM mg/km 140 (180)
2)3)
190 (220)
2)3)
250 (290)
2)3)
- 80 (100)
2)
120 (140)
2)
170 (200)
2)
- 50 - 70 - 100 - 25 - 40 - 60
EOBD - NO NO YES
5)
YES
5)
Cat M
1
and N
1
CL I 2,5t GVW and/or 6 seats CO 15 g/km
New types from 1 January 2002 HC 1,8 g/km
Cat N
1
CL II, M
1
> 6 seats, 2,5 t < GVW 3,5 t CO 24 g/km
Cat N
1
CL III CO 30 g/km
EUROPEAN UNION
OTHER EURO 3-4 REQUIREMENTS
Onboard diagnostics requirements for gasoline, LPG, NG and diesel
Enhanced evaporative emissions requirements
Low temperature test for gasoline vehicles
Quality of market gasoline & diesel fuels
(Dir 98/70/EC as amended by 2003/17/EC)
Measurement of HC and CO at -7C (266K) during the urban part of the revised
NEDC (780 seconds)
Deterioration factors are not applied
Reference Fuel option with higher RVP and density
Gaseous Fuel (LPG or NG) vehicles are exempt from the low temperature test
EUROPEAN UNION
SMOKE - DIESEL ONLy
Directive 72/306/EEC amended by Directive 2005/21/EC
2 tests are required:
1 Speed stabilised under full load
6 measurements shall be made at engine speeds spaced out uniformly between
that corresponding to maximum power and the higher of the following two
engine speeds: 45% of the engine speed corresponding to maximum power;
and 1.000 rpm. For each measuring point, the smoke measured should not
exceed the limit values (SL) specifed in the directive, which are a function of
the air fow rate. The value selected will be the measured (SM) nearest the
relevant limit value.
2 Free acceleration
With warm engine from idle to maximum engine speed giving an average (XM)
of 4 consecutive non-dispersed values.
Calculated according both tests:
XL1= (SL/SM)*XM and XL2 = XM + 0,5
The lowest numerical XL value will be marked on the vehicle and will be used
as a reference for checking production which should not be greater than this
value more than 0,5 m
-1
.
Additional requirement for turbo engines: XM SL (corresponding to max SM)
+0,5 m
-1
.
Conversion of Diesel Smoke values
Light absorption coeffcient [m
-1
]
Hartridge smoke units [HSU]
Bosch number [BN]
8
,
0
7
,
0
6
,
0
5
,
0
4
,
0
3
,
5
3
,
0
2
,
8
2
,
6
2
,
4
2
,
2
2
,
0
1
,
9
1
,
8
1
,
7
1
,
6
1
,
5
1
,
4
1
,
3
1
,
2
1
,
1
1
,
0
0
,
9
0
,
8
0
,
7
0
,
6
0
,
5
0
,
4
0
,
3
0
,
2
0
,
1
9
0
8
0
7
0
6
0
5
0
4
0
3
0
2
0
1
0
7
,
5
7
,
0
6
,
5
6
,
0
5
,
5
5
,
0
4
,
5
4
,
0
3
,
5
3
,
0
2
,
5
2
,
0
1
,
5
1
,
0
Delphis light duty diesel common rail systems
offer attractive features to help meet Euro 6
Step 2 and Euro 7 standards. Such as state-of-
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the systems are elegantly packaged. Visit:
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rail systems are so popular?
Test Cycle: similar to Euro 4: Revised Urban + EUDC
- RDE to be introduced as a complement to the Revised Urban + EUDC
with Euro 6c (see page 17)
- WLTP to be introduced with Euro 6c at the earliest (see page 5)
New Reference Fuels (see page 80):
For Type 1 test: Gasoline E5, Flex fuel E85; Diesel: B5
For Type 6 test: Gasoline E5, Flex fuel E75 (TBD)
Unrestricted and standardized access to vehicle repair and maintenance
information
CO
2
and Fuel Consumption: (see pages 70-71)
Items to be fnalized for Euro 6c
- RDE - Evaporative emissions
- Additional pollutants regulations - Road load determination
- Vehicle weight - Battery state of charge
- Auxiliary devices
For the moment, European Commission does not work on Euro 7 regulations.
No offcial and validated information are available yet.
EUROPEAN UNION
EURO 5-6 REGULATION
Split level Approach: Co-decision Regulation EC 715/2007 - June 20, 2007
Comitology Regulation EC 692/2008 - July 18, 2008
As amended by Regulation (EU) 566/2011
Repeal of Directive 70/220 and related amendments
Vehicle Scope: M1 and M2, N1 and N2 vehicles as defned in
Directive 70/156/EC with reference mass 2.610 kg
Extension possible at the manufacturers request to M1, M2, N1, N2 with
reference mass 2.840 kg
Exempted Vehicles at Euro 5 stage:
Diesel M1 Vehicles designed to fulfll specifc social needs:
- Special purpose vehicles with Ref Mass > 2.000 kg (Ambulance, hearse,
motor caravan)
- Vehicles w/ Ref Mass > 2.000 kg and designed to carry at least 7 occupants.
From 01Sept12, no more valid for true off-road vehicle
- Vehicles w/ Ref Mass > 1.760 kg and built specifcally for commercial
purposes to accommodate wheelchair use inside the vehicle
These vehicles still have to meet the N1 Class III limits for Euro 5.
No more exemption for passenger cars from Euro 6.
Emissions Unit
PC M
1)
, LDT N1 CL 1 LDT N1 CL 2 LDT N1 CL 3, N2
Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b / 6c Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b / 6c Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b/6c
NOx 180 180 80 235 235 105 280 280 125
HC+NOx
mg/km
230 230 170 295 295 195 350 350 215
CO 500 500 500 630 630 630 740 740 740
PM
2)
5,0 4,5 4,5 5,0 5,0 4,5 5,0 5,0 4,5
PN #

Nb/km - 6,0 * E11 6,0 * E11 - 6,0 * E11 6,0 * E11 - 6,0 * E11 6,0 * E11
1)
Exempted M1 vehicles have to comply with N1Cl3 test I emissions limits - No more exemption for passenger cars from Euro 6
2)
Test procedure defned in UN Reg 83 Suppl 7
EUROPEAN UNION
EURO 5-6 SPARK IGNITION EMISSION LIMITS

1)
No exemption for gasoline Passenger Car
2)
Applicable to gasoline DI engines only
3)
Test procedure defned in UN Reg 83 Suppl 7
4)
Until 3 years after the dates for type approval / 1st registration particle emission limit of 6,0 x E12 may be applied to Euro 6 spark ignition DI vehicles upon request of manufacturer
EURO 5-6 COMPRESSION IGNITION EMISSION LIMITS
Emissions Unit

PC M
1)
, LDT N1 CL 1 LDT N1 CL 2 LDT N1 CL 3, N2
Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b Euro 6c Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b Euro 6c Euro 5a Euro 5b/b+ Euro 6b Euro 6c
THC 100 100 100 100 130 130 130 130 160 160 160 160
NMHC 68 68 68 68 90 90 90 90 108 108 108 108
NOx mg/km 60 60 60 60 75 75 75 75 82 82 82 82
CO 1000 1000 1000 1000 1810 1810 1810 1810 2270 2270 2270 2270
PM
2) 3)
5,0 4,5 4,5
2)
4,5
2)
5,0 4,5 4,5 4,5 5,0 4,5 4,5 4,5
PN #
3)
Nb/km - - 6,0 * E11
4)
6,0 * E11 - - 6,0 * E11
4)
6,0 * E11 - - 6,0 * E11
4)
6,0 * E11
Spark Ignition Vehicles 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
M, N1 Cl I TA
FR
N1 Cl II, III, N2 TA
FR
Euro 5b OR Euro 5b+ 01Sep11 Euro 6b 01Sep14 Euro 6c 01Sep17
Euro 5b Euro 6b 01Sep15 Euro 6c 01Sep18
Euro 6b 01Sep15
Euro 6b 01Sep16 Euro 5b+ Euro 5b
Euro 5b OR Euro 5b+ 01Sep11
Euro 5a
Euro 5a
Euro 5a
EURO 5 & 6 IMPLEMENTATION ROADMAP
EUROPEAN UNION
Euro 5a N1
Euro 5a
Euro 5a
Euro 5b
Euro 5b as M
Euro 5b
Euro 5b
Euro 5b+
Euro 5b+
Euro 5b+ No exemption
No exemption
No exemption
No exemption
Euro 5b+ Euro 6b 01Sep16
Euro 6b 01Sep15 Euro 6c 01Sep18
Euro 5b+
Euro 6c 01Sep18
Euro 6c 01Sep19
Euro 6c 01Sep19
Compression Ignition Vehicles
M, N1 Cl I TA
FR
Exempted M1 off-road TA
FR
Exempted non off-road TA
FR
N1 Cl II, III, N2 TA
FR
EUROPEAN UNION
Durability Requirements starting Euro 5: 160.000 km
Assigned Euro 5 DFs: SI: CO: 1,5; THC and NMHC: 1,3; NOx: 1,6; PM: 1,0
CI: CO: 1,5; NOx and THC+NOx: 1,1; PM/PN: 1,0
Alternatives: Calculated DFs based on Standard Road Cycle (SRC)
Test ageing bench: SI based on Standard Bench Cycle (SBC)
CI based on Standard Diesel Bench Cycle (SDBC)
Assigned Euro 6 DFs: SI: no change CI: TBD
Or certifcation with aged (or rapid aged) exhaust system mandatory (t.b.c.)
In-Service Conformity
Up to 100.000 km or 5 years
Low Temperature Test (- 7C)
No change for spark ignition
Compression ignition: Demonstration at TA of
- Performance of NOx aftertreatment device reaching suffciently high
temperature for effcient operation within 400 sec after a cold start (- 7C)
- Operation strategy of the EGR including its functioning at low temperature
- Potential introduction of NOx limitation (Gasoline & Diesel)
with Euro 6c (t.b.c.)
- A reduction of HC and CO limits with Euro 6c (t.b.c.)
Evaporative emissions (see page 84)
EUROPEAN UNION
DRIVING CyCLES
RDE check that the vehicles comply with the European Regulation not only close to the NMVEG conditions but also under real life driving conditions. It is scheduled
to be applied for Euro 6c, in September 2017.
Two methods are in discussion:
The pollutants are:
- First step: CO and NOx
- Second step: particles, and as soon as possible, the other pollutants
The emissions limit values are under discussion.
RANDOM CyCLE on VEL (based on real driving data), using Random Cycle
Generator (EU WLTC database)
REAL ON-ROAD DRIVE monitoring
using PEMS (Portable Emission
Measurement System)
But PEMS method will be developed
as gold standard
DRIVING CyCLES
URBAN (ECE) + ExTRA-URBAN (EUDC) CyCLES
EUROPEAN UNION
Urban cycle = 820 s
Urban + extra-urban cycles = 1.220 s (MVEG-A)Revised
Urban + Extra-urban cycles = 1.180 s (MVEG-B)Revised
Urban cycle = 780 s (-7C)
Euro 3
onw.
Length 11.007 km - Total duration (ECE+EUDC) 1.180 s
Maximum speed 120 km/h - Average speed 33,6 km/h
Cycle revision for Euro 3 onwards:
Modifcation of the start-up phase: deletion of the 40 s idle period
prior to bag sampling start.
Simultaneous engine crank and bag sampling start
111 s idle after crank
Prior to Euro 3:
Start and 40 s idle period to bag sampling start
Speed (km/h)
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
BS
0
Part One Part Two
ES
195 195 195 195 400
1180
Time (s)
BS: Beginning of Sampling, engine start
ES: End of Sampling
Delphis innovative selective catalytic reduction
dosing system can help reduce NOx and CO
2

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pressure design enables low temperature
NOx conversion to meet the latest emissions
standards. Visit:
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Delphis new SCR system maximizes
diesel emissions reduction.
Exhaust Emissions Standards
Cold CO: standard must be met at all altitudes.
Tier II standards (see pages 21-22)
Revised Durability Schedule
Manufacturer specifc durability schedule allowed as an alternative to AMA
schedule.
Durability shown through bench aging of components.
Requires in-use reality check performed by manufacturer. The stringent
reality check procedures introduced in CY2000 are applicable.
No carry-over of durability data from AMA schedule after MY2000.
Certifcation Streamlining (Compliance Assurance Plan 2000)
US & California certifcation process changed in 2000 time frame.
Focus moved from upfront self certifcation toward manufacturer
performed in-use checks.
Others
Clean fuel vehicle feets: starting in 1999, in certain US cities feets of
10 vehicles and central fuelling are required to purchase vehicles certifed
on federal test fuel to LEV or cleaner standards.
US FEDERAL
TIER II STANDARD
Same standards applicable to cars and trucks up to 8.500 lbs GVWR
(most sport utility vehicles, pick up trucks and vans).
Emissions limits are fuel neutral, i.e. applicable to gasoline, diesel and all
other fuels.
Vehicles also have to meet Tier II limits on Supplemental Federal Test
Procedure.
Evaporative emissions standards (see pages 84-88)
0,07 g/mi NOx feet average at 120.000 mi/ 10 y phased-in 25/50/75/100%
from 2004-2007 for cars and trucks < 6.000 lbs GVWR, and 50/100% in
2008-2009 for heavier trucks.
8 standards bins are available as long as the manufacturers feet averages
0,07 g/mi NOx. Bin 1 corresponds to 0,0 g/mi of all emission categories.
One new bin for MDPV. Tier II MDPV must be included in 0,07 g/mi NOx
feet average.
US FEDERAL
Fleet average requirement for NMOG:
Provisions for carry forward and carry-back of credits
Provisions for carry-over programs with respect to in-use testing
Test is on FTP cycle at 20 deg F
Flex fueled vehicles only required to provide assurance that the same
emission reduction systems are used on non-gasoline fuel as on gasoline
LDV < 6.000 GVWR:
Meet sales weighted feet average of 0,3 g/mi at 120k mi
Phase in 25/50/75/100 from MY2010 - 2013
6.000 LDV < 8.500 GVWR and MDPV < 10.000 lbs
Meet sales weighted feet average of 0,5 g/mi at 120k mi
Phase in 25/50/75/100 from MY2012 - 2015
Vehicle NOx average/ My
Category cap (g/mi) 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
LDV,
0,3 / - 75% 50% 25% 0% - - -
LLDT
0,07 / - 25% 50% 75% 0% - - -
0,07 / 0,2 - - - 100% 100% 100% 100%
- / 0,6 75% 50% 25% 0% - - -
HLDT, 0,02 / - 25% 50% 75% 100% 50% 0% -
MDPV 0,07 / - - - - - 50% 0% -
0,07 / 0,2 - - - - - 100% 100%
US FEDERAL
LIGHT DUTy VEHICLE - LIGHT DUTy TRUCK - MEDIUM DUTy PASSENGER VEHICLE
Tier II Standard
Notes: Test covered: Federal Test Procedure (FTP), cold carbon monoxide, highway and idle
MY > 2004+
1)
In lieu of intermediate useful life standards (50.000 miles) or to gain additional nitrogen oxides credit, manufacturers may optionally certify to the Tier II
exhaust emission standards with a useful life of 150.000 miles.
2)
Bins 9-11 expired in 2006 for LD vehicles and LD trucks. And in 2008 for HLD trucks and MD Passenger vehicles.
3)
Pollutants with 2 numbers have a separate certifcation standard (1st number) and in-us standard (2nd number).
Standard Emission Limits (50.000 miles) Emission Limits at Full Useful Life (120.000 miles)
NOx NMOG CO PM HCHO NOx NMOG CO PM HCHO
Bin 1 - - - - - 0,00 0,00 0,0 0,00 0,000
Bin 2 - - - - - 0,02 0,01 2,1 0,01 0,004
Bin 3 - - - - - 0,03 0,055 2,1 0,01 0,011
Bin 4 - - - - - 0,04 0,07 2,1 0,01 0,011
Bin 5 0,05 0,075 3,4 - 0,015 0,07 0,09 4,2 0,01 0,018
Bin 6 0,08 0,075 3,4 - 0,015 0,10 0,09 4,2 0,01 0,018
Bin 7 0,11 0,075 3,4 - 0,015 0,15 0,09 4,2 0,02 0,018
Bin 8 0,14 0,100/0,125
3)
3,4 - 0,015 0,20 0,125/0,156 4,2 0,02 0,018
Bin 9
2)
0,20 0,075/0,140 3,4 - 0,015 0,30 0,090/0,180 4,2 0,06 0,018
Bin 10
2)
0,40 0,125/0,160 3,4/4,4 - 0,015/0,018 0,60 0,156/0,230 4,2/6,4 0,08 0,018/0,027
Bin 11
2)
0,60 0,195 5,0 - 0,022 0,90 0,28 7,3 0,12 0,032
g/mi
US FEDERAL
DRIVING SCHEDULES
CITy CyCLE
1)
505 s (5,8 km) 864 s (6,3 km) 505 s (5,8 km)
Cold Transient Cold Stabilized Hot Transient
Phase I Phase II Phase III
1)
Also known as: FTP 75, EPA III
Phase I + II also known as: FTP 72, EPA II, UDDS, LA-4
Length : 11,04 mi (17,77 km)
Total duration : 1.874 s (+ hot soak: 540 s min; 660 s max)
Simultaneous engine crank and bag sampling start.
Initial idle is 20 sec.
Max. speed : 56,68 mph (91,2 km/h)
Average speed : 21,19 mph (34,2 km/h - stop excluded)
Between Phase II and Phase III, Hot Soak (9-11 min)
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S
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(
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Time (s)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000
Cold start phase
0-505 s
Transient phase
505-1369 s
Hot start phase
0-505 s
US FEDERAL
DRIVING SCHEDULES
HIGHWAy CyCLE
1)
EPA Highway Fuel Economy Test Driving Schedule
Length 765 s - Distance 10,26 mi - Average Speed 48,3 mph
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S
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(
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Time (s)
0
2
9
5
8
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1
1
6
1
4
5
1
7
4
2
0
3
2
3
2
2
6
1
2
9
0
3
1
9
3
4
8
3
7
7
4
0
6
4
3
5
4
6
4
4
9
3
5
2
2
5
5
1
5
8
0
6
0
9
6
3
8
6
6
7
6
9
6
7
2
5
7
5
4
Length : 10,26 mi (16,5 km)
Total duration : 765 s
Max. speed : 59,91 mph (96,4 km/h)
Average speed : 48,30 mph (77,7 km/h)
1)
Also known as Highway Fuel Economy Test HWFET
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response times and provides increased phasing
range compared to hydraulic systems. Operating
over a wider temperature range and phasing
at low speeds, it enhances fuel economy and
emissions. Visit:
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Delphi e-Phaser responds faster.
LEV I
Emissions categories phasing out 2004 - 2007, LDV 12 passengers
CALIFORNIA
1)
MY 96 onwards: Non-Diesel vehicles also need to meet
cold CO limit: 10 g/mile at -7C
2)
HCHO = Formaldehyde; Statement of compliance allowed
Defnition of emission classes
LEV Low Emission Vehicle (LEV
1
, LEV
2
)
TLEV Transitional Low Emission Vehicle
ULEV Ultra Low Emission Vehicle (ULEV
1
, ULEV
2
)
SULEV Super Ultra Low Emission Vehicle
ZEV Zero Emission Vehicle
Additional testing at 10C/50F for gasoline and alcohol vehicles.
Same CO, NOx, 2 x standard for NMOG, HCHO
LEV I standards
4 emissions categories TLEV, LEV, ULEV, ZEV
Application according to NMOG feet average

Durability TLEV LEV ULEV ZEV
NMOG 50 k 0,125 0,075 0,040 0
100 k 0,156 0,090 0,055 0
CO
1)
50 k 3,4 3,4 1,7 0
100 k 4,2 4,2 2,1 0
NOx 50 k 0,4 0,2 0,2 0
100 k 0,6 0,3 0,3 0
PM 50 k - - - 0
100 k 0,08 0,08 0,04 0
HCHO
2)
50 k 0,015 0,015 0,008 0
100 k 0,018 0,018 0,011 0
g/mi
CALIFORNIA
LEV II
For the 2015-2019 model years, a manufacturer may certify up to 4% of its light
duty feet from 3.751 Ibs. LVW - 8.500 Ibs. GVW with a maximum base payload
of 2.500 Ibs or more, to the LEV II, option 1, standard set forth in the table
based on projected sales of trucks in this category. Passenger cars and light
duty trucks 0-3.750 Ibs. LVW are not eligible for this option.
Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for 2015-2019
Model Passenger Cars or Light Duty Trucks 8.500 Ibs
2015-2019 model years LEV II LEV vehiles may be certifed to the NMOG +
NOx numerical values for LEV 160 (see page 28) and the corresponding NMOG
+ NOx numerical values (see table below) in lieu of separate NMOG and NOx
exhaust emission standards in this section.
Standards for Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty
Passenger Vehicles Certifed to the LEV III Standards
50 deg F Exhaust Emission Standards for LEV III Passenger Cars,
Light Duty Trucks, and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
Durability Vehicle NMOG CO NOx Formaldehyde Particulates
Vehicle Emission (g/mi) (g/mi) (g/mi) (mg/mi) (g/mi)
Basis (mi) Category
LEV 0,075 3,4 0,05 15 n/a
50.000 LEV Option 1 0,075 3,4 0,07 15 n/a
ULEV 0,040 1,7 0,05 8 n/a
LEV 0,090 4,2 0,07 18 0,01
120.000
LEV Option 1 0,090 4,2 0,10 18 0,01
ULEV 0,055 2,1 0,07 11 0,01
SULEV 0,010 1 0,02 4 0,01
LEV 0,090 4,2 0,07 18 0,01
150.000 LEV Option 1 0,090 4,2 0,10 18 0,01
(optional) ULEV 0,055 2,1 0,07 11 0,01
SULEV 0,010 1 0,02 4 0,01
Vehicle Emission NMOG + NIOx HCHO
Category (g/mi) (g/mi)
Gasoline Alcohol Fuel Both Gasoline & Alcohol Fuel
LEV160 0,320 0,320 0,030
ULEV125 0,250 0,250 0,016
ULEV70 0,140 0,250 0,016
ULEV50 0,100 0,140 0,016
SULEV30 0,060 0,125 0,008
SULEV20 0,040 0,075 0,008
Durability Vehicle NMOG CO Formaldehyde Particulates
1)
Vehicle Emission + NOx (g/mi) (mg/mi) (g/mi)
Basis (mi) Category
2)
(g/mi)
LEV160 0,160 4,2 4 0,01
ULEV125 0,125 2,1 4 0,01
150.000 ULEV70 0,070 1,7 4 0,01
(optional) ULEV50 0,050 1,7 4 0,01
SULEV30 0,030 1,0 4 0,01
SULEV20 0,020 1,0 4 0,01
CALIFORNIA
Exhaust Mass Emission Standards for New 2015 and
Subsequent Model Passenger Cars or Light Duty Trucks 8,500 Lbs
Particulate Emission Standard Values and Phase-in for
Passenger Cars, Ligh Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
My % of vehicles certifed % of vehicles certifed
to a 3 mg/mi standard to a 1 mg/mi standard
2017 10 0
2018 20 0
2019 40 0
2020 40 0
2021 100 0
2022 100 0
2023 100 0
2024 100 0
2025 75 0
2026 50 0
2027 25 75
2028+ 0 100
1)
These standards shalll apply only to vehicles not included in the phase-in
of the particulate standards
2)
The numeric portion of the category name is the NMOG+Nox value
in thousands of grams per mile
Particulate Standards
As of 2017 model year, a manufacturer shall certify a percentage of its passenger
car, light duty truck and medium duty vehicle feet to the following particulate
standards according to the following phase-in schedule. These standards
represent the maximum particulate emissions allowed at full useful life. All
vehicles certifying to these particulate standards must certify to the LEV III
exhaust emission standards.
CALIFORNIA
Alternative Phase-In Schedules for the 3 mg/mi Particulate Standard for
Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply with the
3 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM
emission reductions are achieved by the MY 2021 from passenger cars, light duty
trucks, and medium duty passenger vehicles. MY emission reductions shall be
calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting the 3
mg/mi particulate standard in a given MY (based on a manufacturers projected
sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 5 for the 2017 MY, 4 for the MY
2018, 3 for the MY 2019, 2 for the MY 2020, and 1 for the MY 2021. The yearly
results for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine
a cumulative total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The cumulative total must be
equal to or greater than 490 in the MY 2021 to be considered equipvalent. A
manufacturer may add vehicles introduced before the MY 2017 (e.g. the percent
of vehicles introduced in 2016 would be multiplied by 5) to the cumulative total.
Alternative Phase-In Schedules for the 1 mg/mi Particulate Standard for
Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
A manufacturer may use an alternative phase-in schedule to comply with the
1 mg/mi particulate standard phase-in requirements as long as equivalent PM
emission reductions are achieved by the MY 2028 from passenger cars, light
duty trucks, and medium duty passenger vehicles. MY emission reductions shall
be calculated by multiplying the percent of PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles meeting
the 1 mg/mi particulate standard in a given MY (based on a manufacturers
projected sales volume of vehicles in each category) by 4 for the MY 2025, 3
for the MY 2026, 2 for the MY 2027, 1 for the MY 2028. The yearly results for
PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles shall be summed together to determine a cumulative
total for PC+LDT+MDPV vehicles. The cumulative total must be equal to or
greater than 500 in the MY 2028 to be considered equipvalent. A manufacturer
may add vehicles introduced before the MY 2025 (e.g. the percent of vehicles
introduced in 2024 would be multiplied by 4) to the cumulative total.
CALIFORNIA
NMOG MEASUREMENT
Reactivity-adjusted hydrocarbon mass concept
For individually determined Reactivity Adjustment Factors (RAFs),
masses of HC compounds incl. aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols are
separately measured. The reactivity and mass of each compound are
taken into account in determining the RAF for the engine family
Manufacturer may choose between individually determined RAFs
or generic RAFs defned by CARB
Generic RAF for LEV/ULEV: 0,94 (phase 2 fuel), 0,41 (M85), 0,43 (CNG),
0,50 (LPG)
Reactivity Adjusted NMOG = NMOG mass X RAF
Eliminated gasoline generic RAF for MY04. The rest are unchanged.
As an alternative to empirical determination of RAF, manufacturer may use
a NMHC to NMOG adjustment factor of 1,04 for gasoline
HEV NMOG Factor. The HEV NMOG factor for light duty vehicles is
calculated as follows:
LEV HEV Contribution Factor = 0,075 - [(Zero-emission VMT Factor) x 0,035]
ULEV HEV Contribution Factor = 0,040 - [(Zero-emission VMT Factor) x 0,030]
where Zero-emission VMT Factor for HEVs is determined in accordance with
section 1962.
NMOG feet average
Manufacturers have to certify their vehicle feet each model year such that
the sales-weighted NMOG feet average is below the mandatory limits.
The calculation is based on 50k standards for TLEV, LEV and ULEV, and
120k standards for SULEV. Manufacturers can obtain credits for better feet
average or buy credits from another manufacturer to balance possible
emission defcits. There are also provisions for carry forward and carry
back of credits. Determination of introduction rate of TLEV, LEV, ULEV or
SULEV is up to the manufacturer
Less stringent feet average applies to trucks > 3.750 lbs LVW
10% ZEV mandate starts MY 2003. CARB and manufacturers have come
to agreement on a modifed ZEV plan. Plan provides fexibility and places
emphasis on hybrid technology (AT-PZEVs) and fuel cells
ZEV Mandate Percentage Requirements
My Minimum ZEV Requirements
2009 through 2011 11%
2012 through 2014 12%
2015 through 2017 14%
2018+ 16%
CALIFORNIA
NMOG (g/mi)
0,175
0,15
0,125
0,1
0,075
0,05
0,025
0
01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11
Year
TLEV
LEV
SULEV
ULEV
NMOG Fleet Average (Cars and Trucks 0-3.750 lbs LVW) Following US States have also adopted CARB Standards:
(Dates shown are LEV II)
Arizona MY 2011 New York MY 2004
Connecticut MY 2008 Oregon MY 2009
Maine MY 2009 Pennsylvania MY 2008
Maryland MY 2011 Rhode Island MY 2008
Massachusetts MY 2004 Vermont MY 2004
New Jersey MY 2008 Washington MY 2009
New Mexico MY 2011
Following US States are considering adopting CARB Standards:
Colorado North Carolina
Florida Utah
Montana Wisconsin
Iowa
California has modifed the standards to include hybrid - electric vehicles (HEVs)
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
NMOG 0,07 0,068 0,062 0,053 0,049
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010+
NMOG 0,046 0,043 0,040 0,038 0,035
g/mi
SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Stand-Alone Exhaust Emission Standards for 2012 and Subsequent
Model LEV III Passenger Cars, Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
CALIFORNIA
Supplemental Federal Test Procedure Standards
1)
Vehicle Emission Category: Manufacturers must certify all vehicles, which are certifying to a
LEV III FTP emission category on a 150.000 mile durability basis, to the emission standards of
the equivalent, or a more stringent SFTP emission category. That is, all LEV III LEVs certifed to
150.000 mile FTP emission standards shall comply with the SFTP ULEV emission standards,
and all LEV III SULEVs certifed to 150.000 mile FTP emission standards shall comply with the
SFTP SULEV emission standards.
2)
Optional SFTP SULEV Standards: Manufacturer may certify light duty truck test groups from
6.000 t o 8.500 Ibs. GVWR and MDPV test groups to the SULEV, option A, emission standards
for the 2015 through 2020 model year, only if the vehicles in the test group are equipped with a
particulate flter and the manufacturer extends the particulate flter emission warranty mileage
to 200.000 miles. Passenger cars and light duty trucks 0-6.000 Ibs. GVWR are not eligible for
this option.
SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standards
For the 2015 and subsequent model years, a manufacturer must certify LEV
II and LEV III LEVs, ULEVs and SULEVs, such that the manufacturers sales-
weighted feet-average NMOG+NOx composite emission value, does not
exceed the applicable NMOG+NOx composite emission standard. In addition
the CO composite emission value of any LEV III test group shall not exceed
the CO composite emission standard (see page 33). SFTP compliance shall be
demonstrated using the same gaseous or liquid fuel used for FTP certifcation. In
the case of fuel-fexible vehicles, SFTP compliance shall be demonstrated using
the LEV III certifcation gasoline.
For each test group subject to this subsection, manufacturers shall calculate
a Composite Emission Value for NMOG+NOx and, for LEV III test groups, a
separate Composite Emission Value for CO, using the following equation:
Composite Emission Value = 0,28 x US06 + 0,37 x SC03 + 0,35 x FTP [Eq. 1]
where US06 = the test groups NMOG+NOx or CO emission value,
as applicable, determined through the US06 test
where SC03 = the test groups NMOG+NOx or CO emission value,
as applicable, determined through the SC03 test
where FTP = the test groups NMOG+NOx or CO emission value,
as applicable, determined through the FTP test
Vehicle Type Durability Vehicle US06 Test SC03 Test
Vehicle
Emission (g/mi) (g/mi)
Basis (mi) Category
1)
NMOG+NOx CO NMOG+NOx CO
All PCs; LDTs 0-8.500 Ibs LEV 0,140 9,6 0,100 3,2
GVWR; and MDPVs ULEV 0,120 9,6 0,070 3,2
Vehicles in these categories are 150.000 SULEV
0,060 9,6 0,020 3,2
tested at their loaded vehicle (Option A)
2)
weight (curb weight + 300 pounds) SULEV 0,050 9,6 0,020 3,2
1)
Mileage for compliance: all test groups certifying LEV III FTP emission standards on a 150.000
mile durability basis shall also certify to the SFTP on a 150.000 mile durability basis, as tested
in accordance with these test procedures.
2)
Determining NMOG+NOx Composite Emission Values of LEV II Test Groups: For test groups
certifed to LEV II FTP emission standards, SFTP emission values shall be converted to
NMOG+NOx and projected out to 120.000 miles or 150.000 miles (depending on LEV II FTP
certifcation) using deterioration factors or aged components. NMHC emission values for the
US06 and SC03 test cycles shall be converted to NMOG emission values by multiplying by a
factor of 1.03. In lieu of deriving a deterioration factor specifc to SFTP test cycles, carry-over
test groups may use the applicable deterioration factor from the FTP cycle in order to determine
the carry-over composite emission values for the purpose of the NMOG+NOx sales-weighted
feet-average calculation. If an SFTP full-useful life emission value is used to comply with SFTP
4k standards, that value may be used in the sales-weighted feet-average without applying an
additional deterioration factor.
3)
All PCs, LDTs, and MDPVs certifed to LEV III FTP PM emission standards on a 150.000 mile
durability basis shall comply with the SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standard.
If no vehicles in a test group have air conditioning units, the FTP cycle emission
value can be used in place of the SC03 value in Eq. 1. To determine compliance
with the SFTP NMOG+NOx composition emission standard applicable to the
MY, manufacturers shall use a sales-weighted feet average of the NMOG+NOx
composite emission values of every applicable test group. The sales-weighted
feet average shall be calculated using a combination of carry-over and new
certifcation SFTP composite emission values (converted to NMOG+NOx, as
applicable). LEV II test groups will use their emission values in the feet average
calculation but will not be considered LEV III test groups. Compliance with the CO
composite emission standard cannot be demonstrated through feet averaging.
CALIFORNIA
SFTP PM Exhaust Emission Standards for 2017 and Subsequent Model LEV III Passenger Cars,
Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles
3)
Vehicle Type Test Weight Mileage for Test PM
Compliance Cycle (mg/mi)
All PCs; LDTs
0-6.000 Ibs GVWR
Loaded vehicle
150.000 US06

10
LDTs 6.000-8.500
Ibs weight
20
GVWR; MDPVs
SFTP NMOG+NOx and CO Composite Emission Standards for 2015 and Subsequent Duty
Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles (g/mi)
1)
Model year 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025+
All PCs; LDTs 0-8.500 Ibs Sales-Weighted Fleet Average NMOG+NOx Composite Exhaust
GVWR; and MDPVs Emission Standards
2)
Vehicles in these categories are 0,140 0,110 0,103 0,097 0,090 0,083 0,077 0,070 0,063 0,057 0,050
tested at their loaded vehicle CO Composite Exhaust Emission Standard
weight (curb weight + 300 pounds) 4.2
SFTP
CARB LEV I + ULEV I
EPA NLEV, EPA TIER I, II STANDARD
In parallel to the FTP (EPA III), an additional test procedure with separate emissions
standards is phased in for passenger cars and light duty trucks.
2 portions: Air conditioning cycle (SC03) + High speed/high load cycle
(US06). Both tests are hot starts.
AC cycle run in full environmental test cell. Alternative: Standard test cell
using simulation procedure. Correlation of simulation to environmental cell
required in MY 2004.
CARB
Separate 4.000 mi standards apply to each test cycle only
Phase-in for LEV I+II complete in MY 2004.
Different timing/limits for heavier trucks.
EPA
NLEV -> follow CARB LEV 1 limits and phase-in for LDV/LDT1+2.
Different timing for heavier trucks.
Tier II standard -> CARB 4.000 mi standards plus 100/120.000 mi
standards. 50.000 mi intermediate standard available in lieu
of 4.000 standards.
Phase-in: Passenger cars MY 2004 onwards with stringency levels
depending on Tier II FTP standard bin selected (see page 35)
Full life-time standards for NMHC+NOx are weighted (CO/PM
weighting optional):
0,35x (FTP) + 0,28x (US06) + 0,37x (SC03)
Details on EPA SFTP Tier II standard
In addition to satisfying 4.000 CARB standard, vehicles must certify to standards
at 100.000/120.000 mi. Limits are calculated based on formula:
SFTP Tier II std = SFTP Tier I std [0,35 x (Tier I FTP std Tier II FTP std bin)]
Consequently Tier II SFTP standards differ depending on Tier II standard bin
selected. For details see page 22 for phase-in schedule.
LDV & LDT 1-2 limits - SFTP Tier I
Optional Tier I CO weighted std. is 4,2 (LDV/LDT 1) and 5,5 (LDT 2)
CARB LEV I + LEV II
EPA NLEV, EPA TIER I, II STANDARD
Applicable for both CARB LEV I + LEV II and EPA NLEV, EPA Tier I, II Standard
Limits Cat. Dur. SC03 US06
NMHC+NOx LDV/LDT1
100.000
0,91
weighted LDT2 1,37
CO LDV/LDT1
100.000
3,7 11,1
LDT2 4,9 14,6
SFTP SC03 US06
Test 10 min soak, 95F ambient, 1-2 min idle,
conditions: 40% rel. humidity, 850 W/m
2
ambient test
Prep solar load, prop. air fow, temp.
scenarios AC max. cooling
LDV & LDT 1 limits in g/mi
CARB LEV1+ULEV1, EPA NLEV, EPA SFTP Tier II
NMHC+NOx 4.000 0,20 0,14
CO 4.000 2,7 8,0
LDT 2 limits in g/mi
NMHC+NOx 4.000 0,27 0,25
CO 4.000 3,5 10,5
g/mi
SFTP
SC03 AIR CONDITIONING CyCLE
CALIFORNIA
SC03 Speed Correction Driving Schedule
Duration 598 s - Distance 3,58 mi - Average Speed 21,55 mph
60
50
40
30
20
10
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(
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Time (s)
0
2
3
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6
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9
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1
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8
1
6
1
1
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4
2
0
7
2
3
0
2
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3
2
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6
2
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9
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6
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4
1
4
4
3
7
4
6
0
4
8
3
5
0
6
5
2
9
5
5
2
5
7
5
Total duration: 598 s Initial Idle: 18 s
Length: 3,58 mi (5,76 km) Max. speed: 54,8 mph (88 km/h)
Average speed: 21,55 mph (34,9 km/h)
US06 HIGH SPEED/HIGH LOAD CyCLE
US06 or Supplemental FTP Driving Schedule
Duration 596 s - Distance 8,01 mi - Average Speed 48,37 mph
Total duration: 596 s Initial Idle: 5 s
Length: 8,01 mi (12,86 km) Max. speed: 80,3 mph (129 km/h)
Average speed: 48,37 mph (77,2 km/h) Max. acceleration: 8 mph/s
0
2
3
4
6
6
9
9
2
1
1
5
1
3
8
1
6
1
1
8
4
2
0
7
2
3
0
2
5
3
2
7
6
2
9
9
3
2
2
3
4
5
3
6
8
3
9
1
4
1
4
4
3
7
4
6
0
4
8
3
5
0
6
5
2
9
5
5
2
5
7
5
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
S
p
e
e
d

(
m
p
h
)
Time (s)
DRIVING CyCLES
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2

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brushless fuel pumps.
JAPAN
EMISSION STANDARDS - GASOLINE AND LPG VEHICLES
1)
HC used for New Short Term
2)
PM limit applied only for direct injection gasoline engines equipped with NOx adsorber

Test Mode Unit CO NMHC
1)
NOx PM
2)
year
Passenger Car 10-15 Mode g/km 0,67 0,08 0,08 - 2000
11 Mode g/test 19,0 2,20 1,40 -
Mini Commercial Vehicle 10-15 Mode g/km 3,30 0,13 0,13 - 2002
New 11 Mode g/test 38,0 3,50 2,20 -
Short Term Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t) 10-15 Mode g/km 0,67 0,08 0,08 - 2000
11 Mode g/test 19,0 2,20 1,40 -
Medium Commercial Vehicle (1,7t < GVW 3,5t) 10-15 Mode g/km 2,10 0,08 0,13 - 2001
11 Mode g/test 24,0 2,20 1,60 -
Passenger Car 1,15 0,05 0,05 - 2005
New Mini Commercial Vehicle 4,02 0,05 0,05 - 2007
Long Term Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t)
Combined Mode g/km
1,15 0,05 0,05 - 2005
Medium Commercial Vehicle (1,7t < GVW 3,5t) 2,55 0,05 0,07 - 2005
Passenger Car 1,15 0,05 0,05 0,005 2009
Post New Mini Commercial Vehicle 4,02 0,05 0,05 0,005 2009
Long Term Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t)
Combined Mode g/km
1,15 0,05 0,05 0,005 2009
Medium Commercial Vehicle (1,7t < GVW 3,5t) 2,55 0,05 0,07 0,007 2009
Test Mode Unit CO NMHC
1)
NOx PM
2)
year
Passenger Car (VW 1.265 kg) 0,63 0,12 0,28 0,052 2002
New Short PC (VW > 1.265 kg)
10-15 Mode g/km
0,63 0,12 0,30 0,056 2002
Term Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t) 0,63 0,12 0,28 0,052 2002
Passenger Car (VW 1.265 kg) 0,63 0,024 0,14 0,013 2005
New Long Passenger Car (VW > 1.265 kg)
Combined Mode g/km
0,63 0,024 0,15 0,014 2005
Term Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t) 0,63 0,024 0,14 0,013 2005
Post New
Passenger Car 0,63 0,024 0,08 0,005 2009
Long Term
Light Commercial Vehicle (GVW 1,7t) Combined Mode g/km 0,63 0,024 0,08 0,005 2009
JAPAN
EMISSION STANDARDS - DIESEL VEHICLES
1)
HC used for New Short Term
2)
PM limit applied only for direct injection gasoline engines equipped with NOx adsorber
Exhaust emissions are calculated as follows:
Combined Mode
From Oct 2005: 10-15 mode hot start x 0,88 + 11 mode cold start x 0,12
From Oct 2008: 10-15 mode hot start x 0,75 + JC08 mode cold start x 0,25
From Oct 2011: JC08 mode hot start x 0,75 + JC08 mode cold start x 0,25
PC => Idle CO: 1%, Idle HC: 300 ppm
In-use Vehicle Emission Limit Small car (K-car) => Idle CO: 2%, Idle HC: 500 ppm
Diesel => Smoke: non-load acceleration limit 25% / Max PM: 0,8 m
-1
Durability
PC, truck and bus GVW < 3,5t: 80.000 km
Small car (K-car): 60.000 km
Evaporative Emissions
Test similar to EC 2000 Evap test: Test limit: 2,0 g/test
- Gasoline and LPG
1 hr hot soak at 27 4C HSL test + 24 hr diurnal (20-35C) DBL test
Preparation driving cycle for EVAP: JC08 mode
OBD - Gasoline and LPG
J-OBDII obligation: Enhanced OBD: detect any malfunctions causing excessive emissions on the test cycle.
EU/US OBD standards to be accepted as equivalent
Lead: Not detected (JIS K2255-4,5)
Gasoline Sulfur: max. 0,001 mass%
Benzene: max. 1 vol.%
MTBE: max. 7 vol.%
Fuel Quality Oxygen: max. 1.3 vol.% (JIS K2536-2,4,6)
Sulfur: max. 0,001 mass%
Diesel Cetane index: min. 45 (JIS K2280)
Distillation at 90%: max. 360C (JIS K2254)
JAPAN
OTHER REQUIREMENTS
JAPAN
DRIVING CyCLES
Japan 11 mode
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500

S
p
e
e
d

(
k
m
/
h
)
Time (s)
Distance: 4.084 km Max. Speed: 60 km/h
Duration: 480 s Average speed: 30,6 km/h
Japan 10-15 Exhaust Emission & Fuel Economy Driving Schedule
Duration 892 s - Distance 6,34 km - Average Speed 25,61 km/h
(Preceeded by 15 min warm-up at 60 km/h, idle test, 5 min warm-up at 60 km/h)
10-15 MODE HOT CyCLE
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

S
p
e
e
d

(
k
m
/
h
)
Time (s)
0
3
5
7
0
1
0
5
1
4
0
1
7
5
2
1
0
1
4
2
5
6
0
9
5
1
3
0
3
0
6
5
1
0
0
1
3
5
3
5
7
0
1
0
55
4
0
7
5
1
1
0
1
4
5
1
8
0
2
1
5
No Emission
Sample
Collected
Emission Sample
Collected in Bag
15 Mode Idle 10 Mode 10 Mode 10 Mode 15 Mode
Emissions are measured during the last 4 segments:
Distance: 4,16 km Duration: 660 s Max. Speed: 70 km/h Average speed: 22,7 km/h
11 MODE COLD CyCLE
JAPAN
DRIVING CyCLE JC 08
100
80
60
40
20
0 200 400 600 800 1.200

S
p
e
e
d

(
k
m
/
h
)
Time (s)
Distance: 8,2 km Max. Speed: 80 km/h
Duration: 1205 s Average speed: 24,4 km/h
1.000
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SOUTH KOREA
VEHICLE CATEGORIES
Category 1: Mini-car < 800 cc
Category 2: Small PC 800 cc < PC, GVW 3,5t, 8 seats
Category 3: Mid PC 800 cc < PC, GVW 3,5t, 9-15 seats
Category 4: 800 cc < Small commercial car, GVW 2t
Category 5: 800 cc < Mid commercial car (Van), GVW 3,5t
From 01JAN2009, new vehicle categories:
Mini PC < 1.000 cc
Small PC 1.000 cc, GVW < 3,5t, 8 seats max.
Medium PC 1.000 cc, GVW < 3,5t, 9 seats min.
Small commercial car 1.000 cc, GVW < 2t
Medium commercial car 1.000 cc, 2t GVW < 3,5t
From 01JUL2002
NLEV + OBD II gasoline: phase-in 2003-2006 (25-100%)
Gasoline limits PC: CO: 2,61, Cold CO: 6,3, NOx: 0,19, NMHC: 0,056 g/km
HC SHED US: 1 g/test
Diesel limits PC: CO: 0,5, NMHC: 0,01, NOx: 0,02, PM: 0,01 g/km
K-ULEV gasoline applications:
Mini-car and PC: phase-in 2006-2009 (25-100%). Evap: 1g/test
Limits at 80.000 km: CO: 1,06, NOx: 0,031, NMHC: 0,025, HCHO: 0,005 g/km
PC only: limits at 192.000 km: CO: 1,31, NOx: 0,044, NMHC: 0,034, HCHO: 0,007 g/km
K-ULEV diesel applications: GVWR 2,5t
Euro 4 from 01SEP2009
K-OBD for PC:
Gasoline Category 1,3,4,5: 01JAN06 (New Model), 01JAN07 (All Model)
Gasoline Category 2: 10% (CY05), 30% (CY06), 100% (CY07)
Diesel Category 1,2: 01JAN06 (New Model), 01JAN07 (All Model)
Diesel Category 3,4,5: 01JAN07 (New Model), 01JAN08 (All Model)
K-CAFE: PC only, phase-in 2012:30%, 2013:60%, 2014:80%, 2015:100%
Mode: city+highway, Limits: average fuel-economy 17 km/l or 140 CO
2
g/km
Next emission regulation:
Diesel Euro 6
Mini-PC, small PC and small commercial vehicle
HC+NOx 0,170, NOx 0,080, CO 0,50, PM 0,0045 g/km at 160.000 km
01SEP14 (New Model), 01JAN15 (All Model)
Mid PC, mid commercial car
01SEP15 (New Model), 01JAN16 (All Model)
Gasoline: CARB LEV II from JAN2009 (phase-in until 2015)
Introduction of NMOG FAS (Fleet Average System) for PC and Truck 1,7t
2009-June 2012: 0,025, July 2012-2013: 0,024, 2014: 0,023, 2015: 0,022
PM limit for GDI: 0,004 g/km, 2014 (New model), 2015 (All GDI)
Evaporative emission: 1hr hot soak + 2 days DBL: 1,2 g/test
Durability: Diesel should follow EU 5 / EU 6
Gasoline extension to 10 years or 192.000 km
BRAZIL
Jan 1997: US 83 standard, incl. Aldehyde limit (0,03 g/km)
Fixed DFs from Jan 2002: CO and HC 20%, NOx and CHO 10%
only valid if annual production is < 15.000 vehicles
Durability: 80.000 km or 5 years
SHED: 2 g/test > Proposal Proconve L6: 1,5 g/test
Certifcation required with
E22 fuel for E22 vehicle
E22/E60/E100 for a fexfuel vehicle
E22/E60/E100 and CNG for a tri fuel vehicle
Diesel Passenger Cars not allowed at this stage
Wide range of fuels available on the market
On-board Diagnostics:
Br-1: Continuity Monitoring Only - Main actuators and sensors
Br-2: Similar to EOBD (Approved by Govt Technical Chamber.
Awaiting fnal legislative approval)
Drive Cycle: FTP75
No Fuel System Diagnostics
O
2
Response & Cat Mon required only in % ethanol ranges of
19-30% and 90-100%
Phase In Requirements (% of Total PC + Lt. Comm):
Cy2010 Cy2011 Cy2012 Cy2013 Cy2014
Br-1 100%
Br-2 60% 100% 100% 100% 100%
Br-2 OBD Emission Thresholds: (g/km)
THC
1)
NMHC
2)
CO NOx
PC 0,75 0,30 4,11 0,75
LDT 1.700 kg
3)
0,75 0,30 4,11 0,75
LDT > 1.700 kg
3)
1,25 0,50 8,22 1,50
1)
Only for LPG vehicles
2)
Only for Spark Ignition vehicles except LPG
3)
Mass of the vehicle for the emission test
Standards for Gasoline and Diesel Passenger Cars and Light Commercial Vehicles
(limits based on Tier II of the US)
Cy NMHC
1)
CO NOx ( ) Diesel limits HCHO PM
4)
PC 2007+ PROCONVE L4 0,05 2,0 0,12 0,02
2009+ PROCONVE L5 0,05 1,3
4)
0,08 0,02 0,025
2014+ PROCONVE L6 (NMOG) 0,05 1,3
4)
0,03 0,01 0,005
LCV ( 1.700 kg) 2007+ PROCONVE L4 0,05 2,0
3)
0,12 (0,25) 0,02 0,05
2009+ PROCONVE L5 0,05 1,3
4)
0,08 (0,08) 0,02 0,025
2014+ PROCONVE L6 (NMOG) 0,05 1,3
4)
0,03 0,01 0,005
LCV (> 1.700 kg) 2007+ PROCONVE L4 0,06
2)
2,7
3)
0,25 (0,42) 0,04 0,06
2009+ PROCONVE L5 0,06
2)
2,0
4)
0,25 (0,35) 0,03 0,040
2014+ PROCONVE L6 (NMOG) 0,06 1.3
4)
0,05 0,015 0,010
THC requirement of 0,30 g/km
1)
and 0,50
2)
for Natural Gas Engines
Idle CO: 0,50%
3)
and 0,30%
4)
of volume for Otto Cycle Engines
Phase In Requirements (% of total PC + LCV)
Cy09 Cy10 Cy11 Cy12 Cy13 Cy14 Cy15 Cy16 Cy17 Cy18
PROCONVE L5 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
PROCONVE L6 100% 100% 100% 100%
PROCONVE L7 (proposal) 100%
BRAZIL

Argentina M1 & N1 vehicles Gasoline: Euro 4
1)
since 2009
Diesel: Euro 4 since 2009

1)
Low temperature tests not required
M1 & N1 Vehicles Euro 5 introduction delayed to 01 Jan 2005
Australia Euro 4 Diesel: all new registrations since Jan 2006
Euro 4 Gasoline: all new registrations since Jul 2010
Phase & Standard Mandatory Implementation Dates
New Models All Models
Phase 1: Core Euro 5 (ADR79/03) 01 Nov 2013 Not applicable
Phase 2: Full Euro 5 (ADR79/04) Not applicable 01 Nov 2016
Phase 3
2)
: Full Euro 6 (ADR79/05) 01 Jul 2017 01 Jul 2018

2)
Phase 3 to be published in 2012
Canada PC & LDV: US Tier 2 Canada regulations for new on-road vehicle
emissions are harmonized with US-EPA since 2004.
Fuel economy: Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC):
8,6l/100 km for PC; 10,6l/100km for LDT
GHG limitations introduced MY 2011. Proposed programme is aligned
to the US and included separate limits for NO
2
and methan emissions
Chile Passenger Cars Gasoline: US Tier 1 - FTP 75 - applicable for PC & LDV
Evap: Shed, 2g/test Alternative Euro 3
No crankcase emissions allowed
Diesel: Euro 4 or Carb Tier 1
Proposal Euro 5 for Diesel Vehicles Sep 2013
Santiago:
Gasoline: Euro 4 or US Tier 2 , bin 8 since 2010
Diesel: Euro 5 or US Tier 2, bin 5 in 2011
PR of Nationwide:
China Euro 3 (incl. -7C test): TA: 01 Jul 2007; FR: 01 Jul 2008
(LD Diesel vehicle: postponed to 01 Jul 2009)
OBD: Type I Gasoline vehicle: from 01 Jul 2008
Other types: from 01 Jul 2010
Euro 4: TA: 01 Jul 2010; FR: 01 Jul 2011
(LD Diesel vehicle: postponed expected implementation 01 Jul 2013)
Euro 5: LD Diesel: 01 Jan 2016 (proposed); FR: 01 Jan 2017 (proposed)
HD Diesel:TA: 01 Jan 2012; FR: 01 Jan 2013 (proposed)
Gasoline: TA: 01 Jan 2013; FR: 01 Jan 2014
Durability requirement:
Euro 3: 80.000 km; Euro 4: 100.000 km; Euro 5: 160.000 km
Euro 3 Diesel (350 ppm sulfur): before 30 Jun 2011
Euro 4 Diesel (50 ppm sulfur): before 30 June 2013 (proposed)
Beijing:
Euro 4 Gasoline: from 01 Mar 2008
Euro 4 Diesel LDV: not allowed at the moment
Euro 4 Diesel HD: from 01 Mar 2008
Euro 4 Fuel: max. sulfur (both diesel & gas) 50 ppm,
from 01 Jan 2008
OTHER AREAS OF THE WORLD
Guangzhou:
Euro 4: Gasoline: from 01 Sep 2010
Diesel: from 01 Jul 2013
Hong Kong:
Passenger Cars (< 2.500 kg)
Gasoline: Euro 4; CARB Lev II or Japan 2005 since 2006
Euro 5 planned for 2011
Diesel: Euro 5 or Japan 2009 since 2009
Light Duty Commercial vehicles
Euro 4 since 2007
Shanghai:
Euro 4 from 01 Nov 2009
Euro 4 Diesel: max sulfur 50 ppm: from 01 Sep 2009
Euro 4 Gasoline: max sulfur 50 ppm: from 01 Oct 2009
Columbia US-87 Tier I (FTP 75 cycle) or Euro 1 (EDC cycle)
EVAP: US or EU SHED at sea level, 2 g/test
Since June 2008: Euro 3 or US Tier I
Costa Rica US 87 (Tier 0) or Euro 1
Egypt Imported gasoline cars to be equipped with catalytic converters
Emissions at idling speed (600-900 rpm): CO 4,5%
Volume & HC: 900 ppm
Proposal: Euro 2 for new vehicles
Ecuador US 87 or Euro 1
El Salvador US 87 3 way catalytic converter required for gas vehicles
Kazakhstan Jan 2009: Euro 2 / Jan 2011: Euro 3 / Jan 2014: Euro 4
Iceland EU legislation applied
India Since Apr 2010
13 cities: Bharat Stage IV (Euro 4 max speed 90 km/h)
OBD I from 04/2010: OBD II from 04/2013
Since Oct 2010
Rest of India: Bharat Stage III
(Euro 3 w/ deviation in test procedure as above)
Fuels
Bharat III fuel (Diesel 350 ppm sulfur; gasoline 150 ppm sulfur)
Available across the country since Oct 2010
Bharat IV (50 ppm sulfur) Gasoline and Diesel available in 13 cities
CO
2
emissions regulation expected: 135g CO
2
/km feet average in 2015
Indonesia ECE R83.4 (Euro 2) applicable
01 Jan 05 for new type motor vehicles
01 Jan 07 for motor vehicles in current production
Euro 4 2012
Iran Gasoline: M1 & N1 Euro 3 since 2008
Diesel: M1 not authorized in Iran
N1 Euro 3 smoke ECE R24/03
Israel Euro 5 since Jan 2009
Malaysia Gasoline: M1 Euro 4 since 2012
Diesel: M1 Euro 1
Mexico Since MY 2004: Standard A based on US 94. Us - FTP 75 Test
OBD II EPA / EOBD from 2006
Tier 2 (Euro 4 option) phase in 25% in 2007: 100% in 2009
Sulfur: Gasoline: 30-80 ppm Premium from 2006
Magna from 2008 in Mexico city
from 2009 in rest of country
Diesel: 300 ppm from 2006; 15 ppm from 2008;
2007 along the US border
New Same vehicle categories as Australia
Zealand Euro 2 for Diesel and CNG vehicles
Proposed: Euro 5 introduction 01 Nov 2013 (new vehicles)
(US and Japanese standards are alternatives)
Norway EU legislation applied
Philippines Euro 2: Dec 2006 Euro 4: target in 2012
Russia Euro 2 (ECE R83.03): from 01 Apr 06
Euro 3 (ECE R83.05 Stage III): Jan 2011
Euro 4 (ECE R83.05 Stage IV): Jan 2012
Proposal Euro 5: 2015
Saudi As of MY 2004: PC: Euro 2; LCV Euro 1
Arabia Proposal Euro 3 from MY 2010 (UN ECE Reg 83/05)
South Car & LCV (category M1/N1)
Africa Effective: Euro 2
Proposal: Euro 4 for 2012
Switzerland Has harmonised national requirements on EU requirements
Thailand Euro 4 since Jan 2012 for new model; Jan 2013 all model.
With EOBD, without in-use conformity
Turkey Imported vehicles to comply with the last EU Amend. of 70/220/EEC
Euro 4 diesel and gasoline from 01.2008/01.2009 (TA/FR) w/ EOBD
Ukraine Proposal: 01 Jul 2011: Euro 4
01 Jul 2014: Euro 5
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51 Emissions Related Requirements
It identifes malfunctions and deterioration that cause emissions to exceed thresholds, based European revised urban + extra urban cycle.
Driver is notifed upon detection.
On-board diagnostics was frst introduced with Euro 3 emission limits (M1 2,5t GVW; LDT N1 CL1 TA: 01 Jan 00 / FR: 01 Jan 01)
EUROPEAN ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS
Monitor area Gasoline Diesel
Any other emis. Rel. comp. X X
or syst. (air fow, EGR,eg)
if malfunction causes increase
above thresholds
EOBD Thresholds CO HC NOx PM
Euro 3 / Euro 4 (g/km) Gasoline LPG/NG Diesel Gasoline LPG/NG Diesel Gasoline LPG/NG Diesel Diesel
M1 2,5t GVW, LDT N1 CL 1 3,20 3,20 0,40 0,40 0,60 1,20 0,18
LDT N1 CL 2 5,80 4,00 0,50 0,50 0,70 1,60 0,23
LDT N1 CL 3, M1 > 2,5t GVW 7,30 4,80 0,60 0,60 0,80 1,90 0,28
Fuel injection system X X
Circuit continuity of all
emission-related
powertrain components X X
Catalyst converter (gasoline THC only) X X
Engine misfre X
Oxygen sensor deterioration X
Particulate trap X
No OBD Euro 4 step was foreseen.
EURO 5 OBD REQUIREMENTS
UN Reg 83, Annex 11 requirements are applicable, in addition to following points: as outlined in 70/220EC; 715/2007EC and 692/2008EC
1)
For GDI engines only
2)
80 mg/km until 01 Sep 2011 for M and N vehicles with RM > 1.760 kg
3)
Mandatory total failure or removal detection if emission limit exceeded for DOC;
DeNOx catalysts and DPF
Access to OBD information:
- Similar to UN Reg 83 requirements
- Access with generic scan tool, complying with ISO 15031-5 document
Functional Aspects of OBD systems:
- Technical requirements are similar to UN Reg 83
- Starting Euro 6, on-board and off-board communication standard:
ISO 15765-4 (CAN)
4)
Euro 5+ OBD TA: 01 Sep 2011 / FR: 01 Jan 2014
EOBD Thresholds
Implementation Dates CO NMHC NOx PM
Euro 5 (mg/km)
TA FR PI CI PI CI PI CI PI
1)
CI
2)
M, LDT N1 CL 1 01Sep09 01Jan11 1.900 1.900 250 320 300 540 50 50
LDT N1 CL 2 01Sep10 01Jan12 3.400 2.400 330 360 375 705 50 50
LDT N1 CL 3, N2 01Sep10 01Jan12 4.300 2.800 400 400 410 840 50 50
Expanded Monitoring area starting Euro 5
EGR system effciency monitoring
EGR fow and cooler monitoring
Catalyst against NMHC
3)
Catalyst against NOx (> Euro 5+)
3) 4)
NOx aftertreatment device with or without reagent effciency monitoring
3)
All O
2
Sensors to monitor cat (in addition to front sensor)
PM monitoring
3)
IUPR (> Euro 5+)
4)
EOBD Thresholds Implementation Dates CO NMHC NOx PM
Euro 6-1 (mg/km)
TA FR PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI
M, LDT N1 CL1 01Sep14 01Sep15 1.900 1.750 170 290 15 180 25 25
LDT N1 CL 2 01Sep15 01Sep16 3.400 2.200 225 320 190 220 25 25
LDT N1 CL 3, N2 01Sep15 01Sep16 4.300 2.500 270 350 210 280 30 30
EOBD Thresholds Implementation Dates CO NMHC NOx PM
Euro 6-2 (mg/km)
TA FR PI CI PI CI PI CI PI CI
M, LDT N1 CL1 01Sep17 01Sep18 1.800 1.750 170 290 90 140 12 12
LDT N1 CL 2 01Sep18 01Sep19 3.400 2.200 225 320 110 180 12 12
LDT N1 CL 3, N2 01Sep18 01Sep19 4.300 2.500 270 350 120 220 12 12
IUPR IUPR IUPR IUPR IUPR
Euro 5a Euro 5b Euro 5b+ Euro 6b Euro 6c
Catalyst - - 0,1 SI CI SI CI
EGR system - - 0,1 0,336 0,336 0,336 0,336
O2 sensors - - 0,1 0,336 0,336 0,336 0,336
NOx sensors - - 0,1 0,336 0,336 0,336 0,336
NOx aftertreatment system - - 0,1 0,336 0,1 0,336 0,26
Secondary air - - 0,1 0,26 n.a. 0,26 n.a.
Cold start diagnostics - - - 0,26 0,26 0,26 0,26
VVT system - - 0,1 0,336 0,336 0,336 0,336
Boost pressure control - - 0,1 (only CI) - 0,336 - 0,336
EVAP system - - 0,1 0,52 n.a. 0,52 n.a.
Diesel oxydation catalyst - - 0,1 0,336 0,336
2)
0,336 0,336
2)
Particulate flter 0,1 (only CI) - 0,336
2)
- 0,336
2)
Additional requirement starting Euro 5+
1)
: In Use Performance Ratio monitoring (IUPR)
IUPR indicates how often a specifc monitor is operating relative to vehicle operation
Numerator
M
measures number of times a monitoring function has run and a malfunction could have been detected
Denominator
M
measures the number of vehicle driving events taking into account special conditions
1)
Euro 5+ OBD TA: 01 Sep 2011 / FR: 01 Jan 2014
2)
Additional monitoring requirement
of total failure or removal
Denominator
Incremented only after cold start (< 35C coolant)
Normal denominator + boost control
active > 15 sec
IUPR =
Numerator
M
Denominator
M
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US ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTICS
Monitor Area Condition for Malfunction
Engine Cooling System a) Engine coolant temperature does not reach the following within Executive Offcer approved time.
- Thermostat - Within 20 deg F of normal operating temp (may use higher threshold if < 50% emissions increase)
- Highest temp required by the OBD system to enable other monitors
b) (Diesel engines): coolant temperature reaches the thermostat target (within 20 deg F), but then subsquently drops.
May disable thermostat monitor when ambient temp < 20 deg F or, with Executive Offcer approval, for other conditions that could lead to false diagnosis
- Engine Coolant a) Circuit continuity
Temperature Sensor b) Time to reach closed-loop/feedback enable temp exceeds:
Gasoline Engines - 2 minutes for start-up temp up to 15 deg F below closed-loop threshold
- 5 minutes for start-up temp between 15-35 deg F below closed-loop threshold
Diesel Engines - Manufacturer-defned (and Executive Offcer approved) time limit
Note: May suspend/delay timer for conditions that could lead to false diagnosis
c) Stuck in range below the highest min enable temp required by other monitors
d) Stuck in range above the lowest max enable temp required by other monitors (exemption allowed when temp gauge is based on same sensor and indicates overheating)
Crankcase Ventilation Disconnect of CV system (possible exemptions follow):
- Includes all CV-related a) Between Crankcase and CV Valve
external tubing/hoses b) Between CV Valve and Intake Ducting.
Exemptions may apply (with Executive Offcer approval) for: Systems where vehicle operator is certain to respond or where disconnection
of an unmonitored portion frst requires disconnection of a monitored portion
EPA OBD II - EPA Harmonization Final Rule My 2001 onwards
Catalysts Engine Misfre, O2 Sensors OBD Threshold = 1,5 x standard measured on FTP test
EVAP System Leakage equivalent to a 0,040 inch hole
Other Emisssions Related Components Monitoring for continuity, rationality and functionality
CARB OBD II - ALL VEHICLES (based on Jan 2013 - 15 day notice proposal: CCR Title 13, Section 1968.2)
US CARB OBD II - ALL VEHICLES
- Connection between Crankcase and CV Valve, when tubing is used such that it is resistant to deterioration or disconnection, diffcult to remove relative to connection
between CV Valve and Intake, and not part of non-CV repair/maintenance
- Connection between CV Valve and Intake, when the disconnection either causes the vehicle to stall, CV design is integral to the induction system(no tubing, hoses, etc.)
Engines certifed on an engine dynamometer and having open CV system (vent to atmosphere): Monitoring plan to be provided for Executive Offcer review/approval
Comprehensive Components - Monitoring required for any input or output component that can impact emissions (by any amount) under any reasonable driving condition
- Those components/systems that affect only engine mechanical or electrical load (not related to fuel, air, or emissions control) are only to be
monitored if they are used by any other system or component monitor.
- Hybrid monitoring requires Executive Offcer approval: at a minimum, must monitor components used by any other system or component monitor,
energy input devices, battery and charging system performance, electrical motor performance, and regenerative braking performance.
- Monitoring not required when both of the following are met for the component:
-Component malfunctions cannot cause emissions to increase by:
-PC/LDT SULEV II vehicles: 25% or more
-All other vehicles: 15% or more
-The component or system is not used as part of another diagnostic strategy
- Input Components a) Lack of circuit continuity
b) Out of normal range
c) Irrational sensor value (2-sided monitoring)
d) Components used for emission control strategies not specifcally addressed by CARB regulations:
- Failures that cause the strategy to not operate in its intended manner (delayed enable, erroneous exit, authority limit)
e) Camshaft/crankshaft Position Sensors:
- Engines requiring precise cam/crank alignment: Improper alignment
- Engines equipped with VVT and belt/chain: one or more tooth improper alignment (larger if no emission impact for single tooth error)
- Output Components a) Improper functional response, as feasible
b) Circuit continuity faults
USB CARB OBD II - ALL VEHICLES (APPROVED 09 NOV 07)
- Output Components (contd.) c) Idle Control System (Gasoline engines w/ monitoring strategies based on deviation from target idle speed)
- Speed control cannot maintain within 200 rpm above or 100 rpm below the target idle speed
- Speed control cannot maintain within the smallest engine speed tolerance range for any other monitors enable
Diesel Engines (d through h):
d) Idle Control System:
- Speed control cannot maintain within +/- 30% of target speed
- Speed control cannot maintain within the smallest engine speed tolerance range for any other monitors enable
- Idle control cannot achieve the target idle speed with fuel injection quantity within (smallest quantity tolerance range for enabling
other monitors) OR (+/- 50% of properly functioning quantity)
e) Glow Plugs/Intake Air Heaters: - Improper functional response - Circuit continuity faults
- Improper current and voltage drop - Single glow plug no longer operates in manufacturers limits
f) Wait to Start Lamp: failures that prevent illumination
g) Components used for emission control strategies not specifcally addressed by CARB regulations:
- Failures that cause the strategy to not operate in its intended manner (delayed enable, erroneous exit, authority limit)
h) 2015 + MY: Tolerance Compensation: Improper compensation being applied by controller for connected hardware, with no monitoring required
if < 15% emission increase AND < full useful life std. under test cycle (Executive Offcer review/approval required)
In-Use Performance Ratio - Minimum performance ratios required: - 0,260 for secondary air system, cold start monitors, and evaporative 0,020
- 0,336 for catalyst, oxygen sensors, EGR, VVT, and remainder
- 0,520 for purge fow and evaporative 0,040 leak
- Exceptions: -Hybrid Vehicles: through 2016 MY, minimum ratio = 0,100 for those monitors requiring engine run operation
- Engine Certifed Medium Duty Vehicles: 2016-2018 MY, min ratio = 0,100 for diesel PM flter performance and missing substrate
(only if denominator 500 mile criteria not utilized)
US CARB OBD II - GASOLINE VEHICLES
In-Use Performance Ratio - OBD system must track and report Ratio information (Numerators/Denominators) for the following:
(contd.) - Catalyst, exhaust gas sensors, evaporative 0,020, EGR/VVT, secondary air system, PM flter, NOx adsorber, NOx catalyst, boost pressure control
system, diesel fuel system
EGR (low and high fow rate) 1,5 x standard, based on reduction in secondary air fow
Secondary Air - Monitoring required while control strategy is normally activated
Fuel System Fuel delivery system: 1,5 x std. (all constituents)
Feedback Control: 1,5 x std. (all constituents)
- Cylinder imbalance A/F ratio for one or more cylinders is different than the others due to a cylinder specifc malfunction (e.g. intake manifold leak, fuel injector, individual EGR
runner fow, individual variable cam lift, etc.)
Phase-in: 2011: 25%; 2012: 50%; 2013: 75%; 2014+: 100%
Emissions thresholds : 2011 thru 2013: 3x standard (SULEV:4.0 x standard)
2014+: 1,5 x standard (may carry-over prior MY threshold for 2014 only)
- Feedback Control Feedback Control: 1,5 x std. (all constituents)
a) Control max. authority reached (if based on secondary oxygen sensor, allowed to also verify if control target is achieved prior to failure)
b) Fails to begin control within manufacturer-defned time (time period requires Exec. Offcer approval). Engine off strategies must monitor every engine start
Misfre a) 1,5 x standard (all constituents) - 1% misfre rate minimum
Continuous monitoring for all positive engine - single detection of misfre rate in 1st 1.000 engine revolutions
torque speeds/loads from 2nd crankshaft - 4 detections of misfre rate in 1.000 engine revolution blocks
revolution after engine start (150 rpm b) Misfre that causes catalyst temperature to reach damaging level 5% misfre rate minimum
below normal, warmed-up idle speed) Specifc cylinder DTC required for > 90% misfre occurring on a single cylinder, with multiple cylinder DTC required for 2 or more cylinders at > 10% misfre
Evaporative System a) No purge fow (must monitor all purge fow paths)
b) Cumulative evaporative system leak >= 0,020 orifce (may be revised upward for tank size > 25 gallons or < 1,5 x std. with Exec. Offcer approval)
Note: MIL illumination not required for approved alternate indicator for fuel cap missing or improperly secured.
Alternate fuel engines require Executive Offcer approval of a strategy equating to gasoline.
Exhaust Gas Sensors a) Sensor Performance:
- Primary and secondary - 1,5 x standard (all constituents)
- (Primary sensors only): symmetric and asymmetric delay to respond and response rates, lean-to-rich and rich-to-lean (certifcation data/analysis required)
b) Lack of circuit continuity
c) Out of normal range
d) Feedback: failure or deterioration causes fuel system to stop using that sensor as an input (default or open loop)
- (Primary sensors only): delayed entry to closed loop
e) Monitoring Capability: any charcteristic no longer suffcient for use as input to other monitoring strategy
- Exhaust Gas Sensor Heaters a) Current or voltage drop no longer within sensor manufacturers limit for normal operation
b) Faults that result in confict between commanded and actual state of the heater
Variable Valve Timing 1,5 x standard
and/or Control - Target error (outside crank angle and/or lift tolerance)
- Slow Response
Catalyst MY LEV II, ULEV II, MDV SULEV II SULEV II
NMOG NOx NMHC Conversion Effciency NMOG NOx NMHC Conversion Effciency
2009+ 1,75x 1,75x 50% 2,5x 2,5x 50%
For threshold testing purposes, the catalyst system is to be aged simultaneously (full catalyst volume)
- If fuel is shut off for misfring cylinder, the monitored volume catalyst(s) must be aged simultaneously to
the threshold limit, while unmonitored volume must be aged to the end of the vehicles full useful life
Cold Start Emission a) Any single commanded element does not repond properly
Reduction Strategy - by a robustly measurable amount
- in the commanded direction
- by an amount that is greater than otherwise would have been commanded without the cold start strategy activated
b) Deterioration
- 1,5 x standard (all consitituents)
- Monitoring may apply to either individual cold start elements or the desired system effect
Heated Catalyst Target catalyst heating temperature not reached within maximum time limit, based on 1,75 x standard.
Alternate strategy requires Exec Offcer approval
Air conditioning System 1,5 x standard
Monitoring required when off-idle fuel and/or spark modifed when A/C system is on
Monitoring of all A/C components that may cause the system to invoke incorrect control
Direct Ozone Reduction For vehicles with NMOG credit 50%:Monitor for no detectable amount of ozone reduction
(DOR) For vehicles with NMOG credit > 50%:Monitor for loss in NMOG performance > 50% NMOG standard
DOR NMOG credit modifes malfunction criteria for other components/systems by the NMOG credit
- Example: Malfunction Threshold = (1,5 x standard + DOR NMOG Credit)
Cooling System; Crankcase
Ventilation; Comprehensive Refer to OBD II requirements for ALL VEHICLES (top of CARB OBD II section)
Components
Other Emission Related Must request Executive Offcer approval prior to introduction on a particular vehicle
Components or Systems For air fow modifying devices (swirl, runner length, etc.), monitoring of the shaft(s) may suffce
- Non-metal or segmented shafts require segment monitoring (verifcation that the furthest segment properly functions)
- If more than one shaft to operate valves in multiple banks, not required to add more than one set of detection hardware
Exceptions to Monitoring Disablement allowed (with Exec Offcer approval) for: ambient temperatures < 20 deg F, altitude > 8.000 ft, fuel volume < 15% of capacity, battery voltage
Requirements < 11 volts or > manufacturer limit, during PTO operation. or tire pressure default action
US CARB OBD II - DIESEL VEHICLES (CCR Title 13, Section 1968.2)
Misfre a) All Diesel Vehicles: One or more continuously misfring cylinders
b) For all following vehicles:
- All chassis certifed Passenger Cars, LD Trucks and MDPVs with combustion sensor
- All 2010-2015 MY Medium Duty Vehicles with combustion sensor,
- Phase-in for ALL MD VEHICLES (20% of 2016 MY, 50% of 2017 MY, 100% of 2018 + MY)
The following detection thresholds apply:
- Passenger cars, LD trucks, and chassis certifed MDPVs: 1,5 x Standard (all constituents)
- MD vehicles certifed to engine dyno tailpipe standard: 5% misfre
Threshold relief is possible for < 2,0 x NMHC, CO, NOx standard and 0,03 g/bhp-hr PM emission impact, with data/engineering evaluation
Misfre monitoring conditions:
- Passenger Cars, LD Trucks, and chassis certifed MDPVs: Continuous misfre monitoring across all positive torque speeds/loads
- 2010 MY through phase-in MY shown below: All engine certifed Medium Duty Vehicles: Continuous monitoring as follows:
Positive torque conditions up to 75% of peak torque with engine speed up to 75% rated maximum speed, except region
bounded by the following points: positive torque line and engine speed of 50% of maximum, and engine torque of
5% of peak torque above positive torque line and engine speed 75% of maximum
- 20% of 2019MY, 50% of 2020 MY, and 100% of 2021 MY MD vehicles: Continuous monitoring as follows:
* Positive torque engine speed conditions, except region bounded by the positive torque line and engine speed of 50% of
maximum, and 10% of peak torque above positive torque line and engine speed 100% of maximum
US CARB OBD II - DIESEL VEHICLES
Particulate Matter System a) Incomplete Regen (2010+); B) Missing substrate; C) Active/intrusive injection
Exhaust Gas Sensor Heater Current or voltage outside manufacturer specifcation (requires CARB thresholds approval)
Feedback control Monitoring of proper feedback control to diagnose
Reductant injection, Fuel system, Exhaust gas a) Delayed entrance to feedback control
sensors, Boost press., EGR, NOx adsorber, b) Failure or deterioration causes open loop or default operation
PM system c) Feedback control adjustment at max. authority and unable to achieve target
Cooling System; Crankcase Ventilation; Refer to OBD II requirements for ALL VEHICLES (top of CARD OBD II section)
Comprehensive Components
Other emission related components or systems Must request Executive Offcer approval prior to introduction on a particular vehicle
Exceptions to monitoring requirements a) Emis. Thresholds may be modif. by Executive Offcer, dependent on upon most reliable monitoring method capab.
b) PC/LDT SULEV II: Executive Offcer shall approve Malf. Criterion of 2,5 x Std. in lieu of 1,5 x Std.
Fed Bin 3 or 4: Use ULEV II NMOG & CO, with SULEV II NOx criteria
c) Engine cert. MDV: Executive Offcer shall approve Malf. Criterion of (PM Std. +0,02) in lieu of 0,03.
Additionally, (PM Std. +0,04) in lieu of 0,05
d) Engine cert. MDV: 2007-09MY: Executive Offcer shall approve PM malfunction criterion of 1,5 x standard in lieu of PM 0,08
e) Disablement allowed (with Exec Offcer approval) for: ambient temperatures < 20 deg F, altitude > 8.000 ft, fuel volume < 15% of
capacity, battery voltage < 11V or manufacturer limit, during PTO operation, or tire pressure detault action
NMHC Converting Catalyst Chassis Certifcation: 1,75 x NMHC standard
(excluding downstream or MDV Certifed on Engine Dynamometer: 2,0 x NMHC standard; NOx standard + 0,2 g/bhp-hr
PM flter for regen)
- Conversion Effciency
- Other Aftertreatment a) Exotherm Generation (PM flter regen. assistance): Catalyst unable to generate suffcient exotherm for regeneration
Assistance Function b) Feedgas Constituency (SCR assistance): 2015 + MY catalyst unable to generate suffcient feedgas for proper SCR operation (exemption for no malfunction
able to increase emissions by 15% of full useful life standard AND does not exceed the full useful life standard)
c) NMHC Conversion Downstream of PM Filter for use during regen: No detectable amount of NMHC conversion
d) Converter downstream of SCR system: No detectable amount of NMHC, CO, NOx, or PM conversion capability
NOx Converting Catalyst Chassis Certifcation: 1,75 x NMHC standard
- Conversion Effciency MDV Certifed on Engine Dynamometer:
- 2013-2015 MY: 2,0 x NMHC standard; NOx standard + 0,3 g/bhp-hr
- 2016 + MY: 2,0 x NMHC standard; NOx standard + 0,2 g/bhp-hr
- Selective Catalytic a) Reductant delivery: (same emission thresholds as Conversion Effciency above)
Reduction (SCR) b) For reductant other than engines fuel:
- Insuffcient reductant for proper operation
- Improper reductant in reservoir/tank
- Feedback Control a) Fails to begin control within manufacturer defned time
b) Failure or deterioration causes open loop or default operation
c) Control max. authority reached and cannot achieve control target
Monitor Area LDV and MDV (Chassis Cert.) Threshold MDV (Engine Cert.) Threshold
If standard is given, unit is g/bhp-hr My NMHC CO NOx PM My NMHC CO NOx PM
NOx Adsorber 2013+ 1,75 x - 1,75 x - 2013+ 2,0 x - +0,2 -
Exhaust Gas Sensor Performance (ALL 2013+) 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,75 x 2,0 x 2013-2015 2,0 x - +0,3 0.03
NOx and PM sensors - - - - 2016+ 2,0 x - +0,2 0.03
2013+ 2,0 x - +0,2 0,03
EGR Low Flow, High Flow, Response
2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x See page 67

Cooler Performance
Boost Pressure Ctrl (under & over)
Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT) 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x 2013+ 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
Resp., Charge Air Undercool.

Monitor Area LDV and MDV (Chassis Cert.) Threshold MDV (Engine Cert.) Threshold
If standard is given, unit is g/bhp-hr My NMHC CO NOx PM My NMHC CO NOx PM
Cold start Fault due to control strategy input error(s) and/or output error (2013+ Monitor for desired effect as feasible)
Emission Reduction Strategy 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x 2013+ 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
Variable Valve TrainTiming and/or Control (VVT)
Target Error 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x See page 67
Slow Response
Particulate Matter Filter 2013+ - - - 1,75 x 2013+ - - - 0,03
Particulate Matter Filter System
- Frequent Regeneration (ALL 2013+) 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 x - (ALL 2013+) 2.0 x - +0.2 -
- NMHC Conversion 2013+ 1.5 x 1.5 x 1.5 x - 2013+ 2.0 x - +0.2 -
(exemption for no malfunction able to increase emissions by 15% of full useful life standard AND does not exceed the full useful life standard)
- Feedgas Generation ALL 2016+ MD Unable to generate feedgas for proper SCR operation. Exemption if no malfunction results in emissions increase
Vehicles of 15% of applicable full useful life standard AND no malfunction results in exceeding the full useful life standard
Aftertreatment Assistance Function 2010 + loss function (LEV III Proposal: Feedgas required 2015+) 2010 + loss function
Monitor Area LDV and MDV (Chassis Cert.) MDV (Eng. Cert.) Threshold MDV (Eng. Cert.) Threshold
If standard mentioned, My Threshold NOx cert. > 0,50 g/bph-hr NOx cert. 0,50 g/bph-hr
unit is g/bhp-hr
NMHC CO NOx PM NMHC CO NOx PM NMHC CO NOx PM
Fuel System Pressure
2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,03 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
Control
Fuel System Injection
2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x Same Fault Criteria as Fuel System Pressure Control
Quantity / Timing
Fuel Control System
Detect if compensation does not match (exemption for no malfunction able to increase emissions by

using Tolerance 2015+ MY
15% of full useful life standard AND does not exceed the full useful life standard)
compensation features
Downstream Exhaust
Gas Sensor Performance 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,75 x 2,00 x ? ? ? ? 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
A/F Sensors
Upstream Exhaust
Gas Sensor Performance 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 2,0 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,03 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
A/F Sensors
EGR Catalyst 2013+ No detectable amount of constituent oxidation
Monitor Area MDV (Eng. Cert.) Threshold MDV (Eng. Cert.) Threshold
If standard mentioned, My NOx cert > 0,50 g/bhp-hr NOx cert 0,50 g/bhp-hr
unit is g/bhp-hr
NMHC CO NOx PM NMHC CO NOx PM
EGR Low Flow, High Flow,
Response 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,03 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
Cooler Performance
Variable Valve Train
Target Error 2013+ 1,5 x 1,5 x 1,5 x 0,03 2,0 x 2,0 x +0,2 0,03
Slow Response
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FUEL CONSUMPTION - CO
2
EMISSIONS
EUROPEAN UNION
EU regulation on CO2 Emission Reduction for Passenger Car (M1)
EC 443/2009 regulates the average specifc emissions of CO
2
for each manufacturer for new passenger vehicles which are registered in the EU in each calendar year.
Permitted specifc emissions of CO
2
= 130 [g/km] + 0,0457 * (vehicle mass [kg] - 1.372 [kg])
1.372 [kg] = reference mass. to be reviewed every 3 years (2015 for the 1st time)
- Fleet average CO
2
emissions from new PC: 120 g/km by 2012 (NEDC driving cycle)
- Max 130 g CO
2
/km based on improvements in vehicle motor technologies
- Complementary measures to deliver a further 10 g/km reduction (tires, air conditioning, greater use of alternative energy)
- Eco-innovation credit: Valid until 2014
Innovative CO
2
reducing technologies (called eco-innovations) are technologies not included in test cycle CO
2
measurement, nor included in complementary
measures. Total contribution of eco-innovation limited to max 7 g CO
2
/km in each manufacturers average specifc target
- 1 g CO
2
/km is the minimum a single eco-innovation can contribute. Eco-innovations are approved as part of the vehicle TA procedure
- Phase-in period: 2012- 2015
Manufacturers to be given interim targets ensuring average CO
2
emission of: + 65% of their feet in Jan 2012 + 75% of their feet in Jan 2013
+ 80% of their feet in Jan 2014 + 100% of their feet from Jan 2015
- For each manufacturer, individual targets based on average mass of their EU car feet, based on an emission limit curve
- Excess emissions premium will be applied. The premium will be based on the # of g/km above the curve multiplied by the number of vehicles sold by the manufacturer.
- From 2012 to 2018: 5 for 1st g; 15 for 2nd g; 25 for 3rd g; 95 4th g onwards exceeding the target (per vehicle sold)
- From 2019: 95 /g exceeding the target (per vehicle sold)
- Long term target: 95 g CO
2
/km in 2020 (Application of WLTP between 2017 and 2020 (TBD), no change of 95 g/km CO
2
goal foreseen but correlation factor to
be developed to correlate CO
2
emissions from NEDC to WLTC (isosevere correlation))
2
EMISSIONS
Vehicles with masses different from 1372 kg may emit CO
2
according to
the following formulas:
From 2012-2015:
CO
2
= 130 + 0,0457 x (M-Mo)
Mo = 1.372 kg (this mass corresponds to the average mass
of the current global European feet)

From 2016:
CO
2
= 130 + 0,0457 x (M-Mo)
Mo = average mass of all vehicles registered between 01.2013-12.2015

From 2020:
CO
2
= 95 + 0,0333 x (M-Mo)
Mo = average mass of all vehicles registered between 01.2017-12.2019
EU CO
2
to Vehicle Mass Radio
C
O
2

(
g
/
k
m
)
Vehicle Mass (kg)
700 900 1100 1300 1500 1700 1900 2100
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
2012/2019
>01.2020
US - FUEL ECONOMy MEASUREMENT METHOD (40 CFR Part. 600.113)
Fuel consumption is determined in miles/US gallon according to the carbon balance method with CO
2
,
CO and HC measured in g/mile.
FE (gasoline) = 517410
4
CWFSG
[(CWFHC)+(0,429CO)+(0,273CO
2
)][(0,6SGNHV)+5471]
FE (diesel) = 2778
(0,866HC) + (0,429CO) + (0,273CO
2
)
CWF = carbon weight fraction, SG = specifc gravity of fuel, NHV = net heating value of fuel
Combined fuel economy value is calculated in miles/gallon by applying the results from US EPA III
and Highway (HWFET) Cycle:
HWFET [mpg] = 1
0,55 / EPA III + 0,45 / HFE
Conversion: Fuel consumption in l/100 km to fuel economy in mi/gal
FC (l/100 km) = 235.215
FE (mi/gal)
Label requirements
Up to MY 2010: City and Highway values calculated based upon
FTP75 and HWFET results.
5 cycle calculation is optional 2008-2010
My 2011 and beyond:
- 5 cycle formula based upon combination of FTP75, cold FTP (20F),
US06, SC03, HWFET
- MDPV (8.500 - 10.000 GVWR) require FE label for frst time
- Option remains to use old calculation method, but manufacturer must show proof of accuracy
2
EMISSIONS
The estimated average required mpg levels for passenger cars and trucks under the standards
shown in the table include the use of A/C effciency improvements, but do not refect a number of
fexibilities and credits that manufacturers may use for compliance that NHTSA cannot consider
in establishing standards based on EPCA/EISA constraints. These fexibilities cause the actual
achieved fuel economy to be lower than the required levels in the table above. The fexibilities and
credits that NHTSA cannot consider include the ability of manufacturers to pay civil penalties rather
than achieving required CAFE levels, the ability to use Flexibile Fuel Vehicle (FFV) credits, the
ability to count electric vehciles for compliance, the operation of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on
electricity for compliance prior to MY 2020, and the ability to transfer and carry-forward credits. When
accounting for these fexibilities and credits, the NHTSA estimates that the CAFE standards will lead
to the following average achieved fuel economy levels, based on the agencies projections of what
each manufacturers feet will compromise in each year of the program.
Estimated Average Required Fleet-Wide Fuel Economy (mpg) under
Footprint-Base CAFE Standards
My Baseline 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Passenger 2008 40,1 - 41,6 - 43,1 - 44,8 - 46,8 - 49,0 - 51,2 - 53,6 - 56,2 -
Cars 2010 39,6 41,1 42,5 44,2 46,1 48,2 50,5 52,9 55,3
Light Trucks
2008 29,4 - 30,0 - 30,6 - 31,2 - 33,3 - 34,9 - 36,6 - 38,5 - 40,3 -
2010 29,1 29,6 30,0 30,6 32,6 34,2 35,8 37,5 39,3
Combined
2008 35,4 - 36,5 - 37,7 - 38,9 - 41,0 - 43,0 - 45,1 - 47,4 - 49,7 -
2010 35,1 36,1 37,1 38,3 40,3 42,3 44,3 46,5 48,7
US - CAFE STANDARD
EPA and NHTSA GHG regulations / Fleet-wide CO
2
emissions
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Passenger Cars 261 253 246 235 224
Light Trucks 352 341 332 317 302
Combined 295 286 276 263 250
Projected Fleet-wide CO
2
compliance target under the footprint CO
2

Standards (Primary Analysis)
2
EMISSIONS
Projected results using 2008 based feet projection analysis. These values differ
slightly from those shown in the proposal because of revisions to the MY 2008
based feet to the analysis
- Groups PC and Trucks < 8.500 lbs into a single feet
- Sets new fuel economy goals for combined PC and LDT feet.
California CO
2
Reduction Regulation (California AB 1493)
2010 amendment allows EPA compliance to satisfy regulation
- State of California has enacted limits on CO
2
emissions.
- Limits are broken down into two phases: (2009-2012) and (2013-2016)
CO
2
-equiv. limit
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Phase-In (%) 20 40 70 100 20 40 70 100
PC / LDT1 323 301 267 233 227 222 213 205
LDT2 / MDPV 439 420 390 361 355 350 341 332
- EPA has granted Californias CAA waiver request.
- Several additional states are adopting the limits.
2016 base 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Passenger Cars 225 212 202 191 182 172 164 157 150 143
Light Trucks 298 295 285 277 259 249 237 225 214 203
Combined 250 243 232 222 213 199 190 180 171 163
Projected Fleet-wide Achieved CO
2
- Equivalent emission levels under the
footprint based CO
2
Standards (Primary Analysis)
2016 base 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
Passenger Cars 225 213 203 193 183 173 164 157 150 143
Light Trucks 298 295 287 278 270 250 238 226 214 204
Combined 250 243 224 223 214 200 190 181 172 163
g/mi
2
EMISSIONS
Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicle with a footprint 41 sqft
My CO2 Target Value (g/mi) Max Footprint a b
2017 238,0 50,7 4,87 38,3
2018 227,0 60,2 4,76 31,6
2019 220,0 66,4 4,68 27,7
2020 212,0 68,3 4,57 24,6
2021 195,0 73,5 4,28 19,8
2022 186,0 74,0 4,09 17,8
2023 176,0 74,0 3,91 16,0
2024 168,0 74,0 3,74 14,2
2025+ 159,0 74,0 3,58 12,5
Equation for calculation of CO
2
target value for LD trucks and MD passenger vehicles
with footprint > 41 sq.ft and max. footprint value: Target g CO
2
/mile = [a x f] + b
LD trucks and MD passenger vehicles with footprint > the min footprint value below
and the max. footprint value below: Target g CO
2
/mile = [a x f] + b
f = vehicle footprint
My Min Footprint Max Footprint a b
2017 50,7 66,0 4,04 80,5
2018 60,2 66,0 4,04 75,0
CALIFORNIA
Passenger Car Footprint
41 sq. ft > 56 sq. ft
My
CO
2
Target Value (g/mi) CO
2
Target Value (g/mi)
2017 195,0 263,0
2018 185,0 250,0
2019 175,0 238,0
2020 166,0 226,0
2021 157,0 215,0
2022 150,0 205,0
2023 143,0 196,0
2024 137,0 188,0
2025+ 131,0 179,0
Equation for calculation of CO
2
target value for passenger cars
with footprint > 41 sq.ft and 56 sq.ft.: Target g CO
2
/mile = [a x f] + b
f = vehicle footprint
My 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
a 4,53 4,35 4,17 4,01 3,84 3,69 3,54 3,40 3,26
b 8,9 6,5 4,2 1,9 -0,4 -1,1 -1,8 -2,5 -3,2
JAPAN CO
2
REDUCTION REGULATION
Fuel Economy Targets
- Each manufacturer has to achieve the fuel effciency as a weighted average
in each weight class.
- Consumption determined on 10-15 cycle
CALIFORNIA
For Light Duty Trucks and Medium Duty Passenger Vehicles with a footprint that
is greater than the minimum value specifed in the table below for each model
year, the g/mile CO
2
target value shall be selected for the applicable model year:
2
EMISSIONS
Vehicle weight in kg Fuel Economy in km/l
Gasoline Passenger Cars - Targets for 2010
< 703 828 1.016 1.266 1.516 1.766 2.016 2.266
702 - - - - - - - -
827 1.015 1.265 1.515 1.765 2.015 2.265
21,1 18,8 17,9 16,0 13,0 10,5 8,9 7,8 6,4
Diesel Passenger Cars - Targets for 2005
1.016 1.266 1.516 1.766 2.016 2.266
1.015 - - - - - -
1.265 1.515 1.765 2.015 2.265
18,9 16,2 13,2 11,9 10,8 9,8 8,7
LPG Passenger Cars - Targets for 2010
< 703 828 1.016 1.266 1.516 1.766 2.016 2.266
702 - - - - - - - -
827 1.015 1.265 1.515 1.765 2.015 2.265
15,9 14,1 13,5 12,0 9,8 7,9 6,7 5,9 4,8
My Minimum Footprint CO
2
Target Value (g/mi)
2017 66,0 347,0
2018 66,0 342,0
2019 66,4 339,0
2020 68,3 337,0
2021 73,5 335,0
2022 74,0 321,0
2023 74,0 306,0
2024 74,0 291,0
2025+ 74,0 277,0
Inertia Weight (kg) - Vehicle weight (kg) - Fuel Economy (km/l)
Gasoline Passenger Cars - Target for 2020
800 910 1.020 1.130 1.250 1.360 1.470 1.590
741 856 971 1.081 1.196 1.311 1.421
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
740 855 970 1.080 1.195 1.310 1.420 1.530
24,6 24,5 23,7 23,4 21,8 20,3 19,0 17,6
1.700 1.810 1.930 2.040 2.150 2.270 2.500
1.531 1.651 1.761 1,871 1.991 2.101 2.271
~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
1.650 1.760 1.870 1.990 2.100 2.270
16,5 15,4 14,4 13,5 12,7 11,9 10,6
Vehicle weight (kg) - Fuel Economy (km/l)
Gasoline Passenger Cars Target for 2015
601 741 856 971 1.081 1.195 1.311 1.421
600 - - - - - - - -
740 855 970 1.080 1.195 1.310 1.420 1.530
22,5 21,8 21,0 20,8 20,5 18,7 17,2 15,8 14,4
1.531 1.651 1.761 1.871 1.991 2.101 2.271
- - - - - -
1.650 1.760 1.870 1.990 2.100 2.270
13,2 12,2 11,1 10,2 9,4 8,7 7,4
2015 Fuel Economy for all fuels
New Regulation will consider diesel and gasoline vehicles together
Test cycle: JC08 (cold and hot), applicable from March 2013
Average
Vehicle Class 2004 Avg value - km/l 2015 Avg value - km/l Change %
PC 13,6 16,8 23,5
Small busses 8,3 8,9 7,2
LCV 13,5 15,2 12,6
JAPAN
2
EMISSIONS
Other requirements:
- CAFE will be introduced to encourage further FE improvement
- Test cycle: combined JC08
(FE_JC08_total= 1 / (0,25/FE_JC08_cold + 0,75/FE_JC08_hot)
- Diesel FE = FE_JC08_total / 1,1
- LPG FE = FE_JC08_total / 0,78

2
EMISSIONS
PR OF CHINA
Passenger Cars
The Phase(stage) III fuel consumption limits are established in National Stan-
dard GB 27999-2011. This standard sets the per-vehicle limit values, and indi-
cates that the standard will result in a feet average fuel consumption for new
vehicles of approximately 7 l/100km (equivalent to 167 gCO
2
/km) by 2015. It
also establishes a timeline for compliance with the CAFC requirement. However,
detailed implementing regulations, especially related to the specifc CAFC target
and how it will be enforced, have yet to be released. In 2012, Chinas State
Council released the Energy-Saving and New Energy Vehicle Industrialization
Plan, which states a 2015 feet average target of 6,9 l/100km, slightly below that
estimated in GB 27999-2011.
The Phase III standard establishes a timeline by which manufacturers are requi-
red to meet the CAFC limit. Prior to 2015, their CAFC must not exceeded certain
allowances above the CAFC limit, as shown here:
Year CAFC requirement allowance
2012 109% 2013 106% 2014 103% 2015 100% 1)
M/T - Manual transmission
2)
A/T - Automatic transmission
3)
After 31 Dec 2015, all A/T vehicles must meet M/T limits
China Fuel Consumption Standards, L/100 km
Curb Mass (CM), kg
Stage 1: 1 Jul 2005 Stage 2: 1 Jul 2008 Stage 3: 1 Jan 2012
A/T
3)
M/T A/T M/T
1)
A/T
2)
M/T or 3 rows
of seats
CM 750 7,2 7,6 6,2 6,6 5,2 5,6
750 < CM 865 7,2 7,6 6,5 6,9 5,5 5,9
865 < CM 980 7,7 8,2 7 7,4 5,8 6,2
980 < CM 1.090 8,3 8,8 7,5 8 6,1 6,5
1.090 < CM 1.205 8,9 9,4 8,1 8,6 6,5 6,8
1.205 < CM 1.320 9,5 10,1 8,6 9,1 6,9 7,2
1.320 < CM 1.430 10,1 10,7 9,2 9,8 7,3 7,6
1.430 < CM 1.540 10,7 11,3 9,7 10,3 7,7 8
1.540 < CM 1.660 11,3 12 10,2 10,8 8,1 8,4
1.660 < CM 1.770 11,9 12,6 10,7 11,3 8,5 8,8
1.770 < CM 1.880 12,4 13,1 11,1 11,8 8,9 9,2
1.880 < CM 2.000 12,8 13,6 11,5 12,2 9,3 9,6
2.000 < CM 2.110 13,2 14 11,9 12,6 9,7 10,1
2.110 < CM 2.280 13,7 14,5 12,3 13 10,1 10,6
2.280 < CM 2.510 14,6 15,5 13,1 13,9 10,8 11,2
2.510 < CM 15,5 16,4 13,9 14,7 11,5 11,9

2
EMISSIONS
PR OF CHINA
Light Duty Commercial Vehicles (GB 20997-2007) - Applicable for N1 and M2 vehicles (GVW 3.500 kg)
Implementation dates from 01Feb08, Phase 2 for new certif. vehicles; 01Jan09, Phase 1 for in-prod.vehicles (certif. before 01Feb08); 01Jan11, Phase 2 for all vehicles
Gross Vehicle Mass Engine Displacement Phase Phase
(M), kg (V), l 1 2
(l/km)
FC Limit Table 3 for cat N1 Gasoline Vehicles
M 2.000 All 8,0 7,8
V 1,5 9,0 8,1
2.000 < M 2.500 1,5 < V 2,0 10,0 9,0
2,0 < V 2,5 11,5 10,4
V 1,5 13,5 12,5
V 2,0 10,0 9,0
2.500 < M 3.000 2,0 < V 2,5 12,0 10,8
V 2,5 14,0 12,6
V 2,5 12,5 11,3
M > 3.000 2,5 < V 3,0 14,0 12,6
V > 3,0 15,5 14,0
FC Limit Table 4 for cat N1 Diesel Vehicles
M 2.000 All 7,6 7,0
V 2,5 8,4 8,0
2.000 < M 2.500 2,5 < V 3,0 9,0 8,5
V > 3,0 10,0 9,5
V 2,5 9,5 9,0
2.500 < M 3.000 2,5 < V 3,0 10,0 9,5
V > 3,0 11,0 10,5
V > 2,5 10,5 10,0
M > 3.000 2,5 < V 3,0 11,0 10,5
3,0 < V 4,0 11,6 11,0
V > 4,0 12,0 11,5
FC Limit Table 5 for cat M2 Gasoline Vehicles (GVW 3.500 kg)
V 2,0 10,7 9,7
M 3.000 2,0 < V 2,5 12,2 11,0
2,5 < V 3,0 13,5 12,2
V > 3,0 14,5 13,1
V 2,5 12,5 11,3
M > 3.000 2,5 < V 3,0 14,0 12,6
V > 3,0 15,5 14,0
FC Limit Table 6 for cat M2 Diesel Vehicles
M 3.000 V 2,5 9,4 8,5
V > 2,5 10,5 9,5
M > 3.000 V 3,0 11,5 10,5
V > 3,0 12,5 11,5
2
EMISSIONS
SOUTH KOREA
From 2010, for gasoline & diesel engines
1.600 cc: 12,4 km/l
> 1.600 cc: 9,6 km/l
From 2012: 17 km/l and 140 g GHG/km feet average
Introduction:
2012 30% 2013 60% 2014 80% 2015 100%
TAIWAN
Fuel economy standards for PC, LDT 2.5t
Global Fuel Economy Initiative (GFEI): 50 by 50
Initiative jointly launched by UNEP (UN Environment Program), IEA (International
Energy Agency), ITS (International Transport Forum), FIA Foundation. Call for cars
worldwide to be made 50% more fuel effcient by 2050, along with interim targets.
Class of Vehicle (kg) Under FTP 75 (km/l) Under EU Dir 199/100 (km/l)
< 1.200 16,2 14,1
1.200 to 1.800 13,0 11,3
1.800 to 2.400 11,4 9,9
2.400 to 3.000 10,0 8,7
3.000 to 3.600 9,2 8,0
3.600 to 4.200 8,5 7,4
4.200 to 5.400 7,2 6,3
> 5.400 6,5 5,7

80 Fuels
Parameter Unit Limits
Octane RON/MON 95/85
RVP kPa 56-60
1)
Density at 15C kg/m
3
743-756
Dist. at 100C % vol 48-60
at 150C % vol 82-90
Final Boiling Point C 190-210
Aromatics % vol 29-35
Olefns % vol 3-13
Benzene % vol 1
Oxygen % mass Ethanol only
Sulfur mg/kg 10
Lead mg/l 5
Phosphorus g/l 1,3
Ethanol % vol 4,7-5,3
EU REFERENCE TEST FUELS
Regulation 2008/692/EC
UNLEADED GASOLINE FUEL: PETROL (E5) DIESEL FUEL: DIESEL (B5)
Parameter Unit Limits
Cetane 52-54
Density at 15C kg/m
3
833-837
Distillation T50 C 245
T95 C 345-350
Final Boiling Point C 370
Flashpoint C 55
Viscosity at 40C mm
2
/s 2,3-3,3
Polycyclic aromatics % mass 2,0-6,0
Sulfur mg/kg 10
FAME % vol 4,5-5,5
Oxydation stability mg/ml 0,025
Oxydation stability @ 110C hr 20
1)
Different values for cold temperature test fuel: RVP: 56-95 KPa
81 Fuels
US REFERENCE TEST FUELS
CERTIFICATION UNLEADED GASOLINE FUEL
EPA
CARB
Parameter Unit
Ambient
cold CO cold CO
Phase 3

low oct. high oct.
Sulfur ppm 15-80
2)
15-80
2)
15-80
2)
30-40
Lead g/gal 0,05 0,01 0,01 0,01
(g/l) (0,013) (0,0026) (0,0026)
Phosphorus g/gal 0,005 0,005 0,005 0,005
(g/l) (0,0013) (0,0013) (0,0013)
1)
RVP for altitude testing: 7,6-8,0 psi or 52-55 kPa
2)
The road fuel will be 30 ppm avg. 80 ppm max.
Note: CARB Phase 3 fuel may use Ethanol as oxygenate.
Benzene limit for road fuel: 0,62% by vol. on an annual refnery average.
E15 fuel being proposed for pump gasoline.
EPA
CARB
Parameter Unit
Ambient
Cold CO Cold CO
Phase 3

low oct. high oct.
Octane (R+M)/2 93 87,83 92,30,5 91
RVP
1)
psi (kPa) 8,0-9,2 11,53 11,53 6,7-7,0
(55,2-63,4) (46,8-48,3)
RVP Evap psi (kPa) 8,7-9,2 7
(60-63,4) (48,3)
T10 F 120-135 98-118 105-125 130-150
T50 F 200-230 179-214 195-225 200-210
T90 F 300-325 316-346 316-346 290-300
FBP F 415 413 413 390
Aromatics % vol 35 26,44 324 22-25
Olefns % vol 10 12,55 105 4-6
Benzene % vol 0,8-1
82 Fuels
US REFERENCE TEST FUELS
CERTIFICATION DIESEL FUEL
Fuel Property Unit Federal Specifcations California Test
3)
1-D
2)
2-D Specifcations
Cetane Number (natural) 40-54 40-50 47-55 D-613
Distillation Range F (C) D-86; 13 CCR section 2282(g)
3)
Initial Boiling Point F (C) 330-390 (166-199) 340-400 (171-204) 340-420 (171-216)
10% Point F (C) 370-430 (188-221) 400-460 (204-238) 400-490 (204-254)
50% Point F (C) 410-480 (210-249) 470-540 (243-282) 470-560 (243-293)
90% Point F (C) 460-520 (238-271) 560-630 (293-332) 550-610 (288-321)
End Point F (C) 500-560 (260-293) 610-690 (321-366) 580-660 (304-349)
API Gravity 40 - 44 32 - 37 33 - 39 D-287
Total Sulfur ppm (wt.) 7 - 15 7 - 15 7 - 15 D-2622; 13 CCR section 2282(g)
3)
Nitrogen Content (max.) ppm (wt.) 100 - 500 13 CCR section 2282(g)(3)
Total Aromatic Hydrocarbons % (vol.) 8 (min.)
1)
27 (min.)
1)
8 - 12 D-1319; 13 CCR section 2282(g)
3)
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons % (wt.) 1,4 (max.)
Flashpoint (min.) F (C) 120 (49) 130 (54) 130 (54) D-93
Viscosity @ 40F (4C) mm
2
/sec 1,6 - 2,0 2,0 - 3,2 2,0 - 4,1 D-445
1)
Remainder shall be paraffns, naphthenes, and olefns
2)
Basic Certifcation fuel is the grade 2-D diesel. Grade 1-D is allowed only if the engine manufacturer demonstrates that this fuel will
be the predominant in-use fuel.
3)
ASTM standards and/or California Title 13, CCR procedures.

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2
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84 Evaporative Emissions Standards
CONVENTIONAL US / EU TEST PROCEDURES
SEQUENCE FOR EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS TESTING Regulation EC715/2007. Regulation EC692/2008 Annex VI.
UN/ECE Regulation No. 83 Annex 7
Fuel drain/ fll Fill to 40% with test fuel
Canister Canister loading: Repeated diurnal heat builds or

Preconditioning

Butane/N
2
loading to 2 g breakthrough
Fuel drain/ fll Drain tank, Fill to 40% with test fuel
Vehicle Preconditioning Drive at 20-30C:
Preconditioning 1 ECE + 2 EUDC cycles
Soak 12-36 hours (20-30C ambient)
Exhaust test ECE + EUDC at 20-30C
Evap Cond. Drive Urban cycle max. 2 min later
Hot Soak Test 1 hour at 23-31C ambient
Soak 6-36 h (min 6 h at 20 2C ambient)
Real Time 1 heat build in 24 hours in VT SHED
Diurnal Test Cycle from 20- 35C, T = 15 K
Emissions standard: Diurnal test + Hot Soak test: 2 g
Implementation As part of Euro3/4, TA: 01 JAN 2000
Euro 6c emission regulation is not fnalized yet. More restrictive purge; multi-diurnal test (48h) and durability requirements (ethanol fuels) are expected.
OBD requirements and test procedures under development. Euro 6c implementation (see page 15)
Preconditioning Fill to 40% with test fuel (US: 8,7-9,2 RVP, EU: 8,1-9,3 RVP)
US: EPA II (18 cycles) EU: Purge canister by driving or air
purge 2X diurnal heat build, (heat fuel 16 to 30C), 1 ECE
+ 2 EUDC cycles
Soak 12-36 hours (68-86F/20-30C ambient)
Fuel drain / fll Drain tank, Fill 40 2% with test fuel (US: fuel 45-60F /
EU: fuel 10-14C)
Diurnal test Heat fuel tank for 1 hour (US: from 60 to 84F) /
(SHED) (EU: from 16 to 30C)
Exhaust test US: EPA III (Emissions measured for TA)
EU: ECE + EUDC cycle (Emissions not measured for TA)
Hot Soak Test US/EU: 1 hour at 68-86F/23-31C ambient
Emissions standard: Diurnal test + Hot Soak test: 2 g
Implementation EU: EC 93, EC 96
Temperature Test sequence
3-day diurnal Supplemental 2-day
EPA: 90-100F 1 hr Hot soak Test 1 hr Hot soak Test
CARB: 100-110F (EPA 95 / CARB 105F) (68-86F)
Stabilize Temp: 6-36 hr Stabilize Temp: 6-36 hr
(EPA 72 / CARB 65F) (EPA 72 / CARB 65F)
Diurnal emission test Diurnal Emission Test
3 heat builds in 72 hr 2 heat builds in 48 hr
EPA: Cycle 72-96F EPA: Cycle 72-96F
CARB: Cycle 65-105F CARB: Cycle 65-105F
Running Loss: 0,05 g/mi -
Standard for Hot Soak + Highest Diurnal (g)
EPA/CARB LEV I 2,0 g/test 2,5 g/test
CARB LEV II 0,50 g/test 0,65 g/test
EPA Tier II 0,95 g/test 1,2 g/test
ENHANCED EVAPORATIVE EMISSIONS
US FEDERAL / CALIFORNIA REQUIREMENTS
Note: Vehicle certifcation requires the 3-day diurnal, in-use vehicles the supplemental 2-day diurnal test.
For 2012 and subsequent model year off-vehicle charge capable hybrid equipped with a non-integrated refueling canister only system; the canister should be loaded
using fuel-tank-refll method described under Refueling Event section of ORVR procedure - see page 88. For hybrid vehicles, battery state-of-charge setting prior to
the exhaust test shall be at the level minimizing operation of engine.
Temperature Test sequence
3-day diurnal Supplemental 2-day
68-86F Fuel drain / fll Fuel drain / fll
(20-30C) 6 hour minimum soak 6 hour minimum soak
Preconditioning: 1 EPA II. Preconditioning: 1 EPA II.
Fuel drain/fll. 12-36 hr soak Fuel drain/fll. 12-36 hr soak
Canister purge: 300 Canister load: Load to 2 g
BV at 0,8 cfm with 25-75 breakthrough at 40 g
gr/lb dry air butane/hr with 50/50
Canister load: 1,5 x butane/N
2
mix
WC at 15 g butane/hr
with 50/50 butane/N
2
mix
Exhaust test: EPA III Exhaust test: EPA III
EPA: 90-100F 1-6 hr soak Not required
CARB: 100-110F Running loss test
EPA II, 2x NYCC, EPA II
EPA and California accept certifcation data generated using the other agencys
test procedure.
New EPA Evaporative Emission requirements
- Harmonizes federal limits with CARB LEV II requirements
- 3-Day diurnal = 0,5 g/test for LDV
- Supplemental 2-day = 0,85 g/test for LDV
- LLDT/HLDT/MDPV have less stringent requirements
- CARB LEV II certifcation data to be used for EPA cert.
without prior approval
- Implemented in MY2009 for LDV/LLDT and in MY2010 for HLDT/MDPV
Alternate phase in for FFV (Flex Fuel Vehicles) when operating on non-gasoline
Further CARB LEV II requirements
- Useful life for standards extended to 150.000 miles or 15 years
- 1,75x higher in-use standard for 3 model years for LEV II families introduced
prior to 2007
- Optional Zero-Evap standard is available to earn NMOG credits or partial
ZEV credits, 0,35 g/test for hot soak + highest diurnal (2 or 3 days) & 0,0 g
(< 0,054 g) from fuel system.
EPA Enhanced & Tier 2 CARB Enhanced & LEV II
Test temp. 95 5F 105 5F
Fuel 9 psi RVP, 7.8 psi 7 psi RVP
for altitude testing
Phase-in Enhanced: Enhanced:
1996-1999: 20/40/90/100% 1995-1998: 10/30/50/100%
Tier 2: 2004-2007: 25/50/75/100% LEV II: 2004-2006: 40/80/100%
Further EPA Tier 2 requirements
Useful life for standards extended to 120.000 miles
Ethanol and HEV/ZEV vehicles regulated for the frst time
Further EPA Tier3 Requirements (02AUG12)
Tier 3 EVAP begins in 2018, same phase-in %s as CARB LEV III
Harmonization requirements with CARB LEV III
- OBD detection of leak greater than 0,02 in. required
- Phased-in vehicles will be tested with E15. E10 as option available in 2017
- After 2020, all test fuel should be EPA (E15) cert fuel.
- Requirement do not include rig test in the regulation but certifcation will be
accepted for PZEV in 2017 and beyond until 2019
- Useful life extended to 150.000 miles
Further CARB LEV III requirements have been approved (07Aug12)
- Expand the use of existing zero-evaporative technology to remaining vehicle classes
- Two options for complying with total hydrocarbon evaporative emissions from 2015 and subsequent model motor vehicles:
- Implementation schedule: 2015-2017 min. average of previous 3 models per year PZEVs, 2018-2019 min. 60%, 2020-2021 min. 80%,
2022 and subsequent 100%
- Eliminate testing with MTBE fuel, require testing with E10 for LEV III and all evaporative certifcations since 2020
- Extend applicability of ORVR requirement to complete vehicles up through 14.000 Ibs. GVWR inclusive
(option to use E10 fuel for testing in lieu of federal certifcation fuel)
- Outstanding issues: implementation of leak test (permissible orifce size 0,01-0,02 in. to complete the current 2-day or 3-day diurnal test procedure sequence)
- The usefull live shall be 15 years or 150.000 miles, which ever occurs frst
Option 1 Option 2
Vehicle Type
Running
Loss
(g/mile)
Running
Loss
(g/mile)
Highest Whole
Vehicle Diurnal +
Hot Soak (g/test)
Canister
Bleed
(g/test)
Vehicle Type
Three-day Diurnal + Hot Soak and
Two-Day Diurnal + Hot Soak
Whole Vehicle
(g/test)
Fuel Only
(g/test)
Passenger Cars 0,05 0,350 0,0
LD Trucks 6.000 Ibs GVWR and under 0,05 0,500 0,0
LD Trucks 6.000-8.500 Ibs GVWR 0,05 0,750 0,0
MD Passenger Vehicles 0,05 0,750 0,0
MD Vehicles 8.501-14.000 Ibs GVWR 0,05 0,750 0,0
HD Vehicles over 14.000 Ibs GVWR 0,05 0,750 0,0
Passenger Cars and LD Trucks 6.000 Ibs
GVWR and under and 0-3.750 Ibs LVW
0,05 0,300 0,020
LD Trucks 6.000 Ibs GVWR and under
and 3.751-5.750 Ibs LVW
0,05 0,400 0,020
LD Trucks 6.000-8.500 Ibs GVWR and
MD Passenger Vehicles
0,05 0,500 0,020
MD Vehicles 8.501-14.000 Ibs GVWR and
HD over 14.000 Ibs GVWR
0,05 0,600 0,030
ON-BOARD REFUELLING VAPOUR RECOVERy
Applicable in all US Federal States. CARB adopted EPA regulation.
Phase-in with 40/80/100% over 3 years.
Passenger cars: MY 1998/1999/2000
LDT 6.000 lbs GVW: MY 2001/2002/2003
LDT > 6.000 lbs GVW: MY 2004/2005/2006
Small volume manufacturers for passenger cars have to comply
for 100% in MY 2000.
No changes to ORVR procedures for CARB LEV II and EPA Tier 2.
Measurement of emissions that escape from the vehicle during a refuelling
emissions event. Stand-alone test in addition to enhanced EVAP tests.
Fuel used: US Federal Cert. fuel: 8,7-9,2 RVP
New CARBs LEV III amendment
California certifcation fuel E10 (7 psi RVP) may be alternatively used for 2015
and subsequent model vehicles. If using California certifcation fuel, the fuel shall
be dispensed at a temperature of 79 1,5F (26,1 0,8C) and at a dispensing
rate of 9,8 0,3 gal/min (37 1,1 liter/min).
Vehicle Fuel drain + fll to 40% 6 hours min. soak at 68-86F
Pre-conditioning (20-30C) 1 x EPA II Preconditioning Drive
Canister Fuel drain + fll to 40%
Pre-conditioning 12-36 hours soak. Load canister with HC vapours until
2 g breakthrough at 40 g/h 50% butane/N
2

Exhaust test: EPA III (record emissions) 0-1 hr soak at 68-86F
Canister purge drive at 68-86F: EPA II, 2x NYCC, EPA II
Refuelling Disconnect canister(s)
Event Fuel drain + fll to 10%
6-24 hours Soak at 80 3F (27C)
Reconnect canister(s)
Dispense fuel at 10 gal/min until automatic shut-off.
If < 85% of total tank capacity is dispensed, continue auto
refuelling until fuel dispensed is 85%. The Administrator
may use 4 gal/min rate (15 l/min). Dispense fuel temp: 67F
1,5F (19C)
HC standard: 0,20 g/gallon (0,053 g/l)
ON-BOARD REFUELLING VAPOUR RECOVERy
EPA FUEL DISPENSING SPITBACK TEST
Applicable in all US Federal States for vehicles 14.000 GVW. Spitback
phase-in same as enhanced EVAP (100% phase-in by 1999)
Measurement of liquid fuel spitback from the fuel fller inlet during a
refuelling event. Stand-alone test in addition to enhanced EVAP tests. If
ORVR compliant, manufacturer can request spitback test waiver
Fuel used: US Federal Certifcation fuel: 8,7-9,2 RVP
Spitback standard: 1,0 g/test
For 2012 and subsequent model year off-vehicle charge capable hybrid
equipped with a non-integrated refueling canister-only system; the canister
should be loaded using fuel-tank-refll method described under Refuelling
Event section and purged while performing vehicle driving, using either the
chassis dynamometer procedure or the test track procedure, as described in
subparagraphs (d)(1) and (d)(2) of 40 CFR 86.153-98. Vehicle drivedown shall
consume 85% or less of the nominal fuel tank capacity.
The Delphi Multec
Electronic Fuel Injection

offers motorcycle and scooter manufacturers
a complete, tailor-made system. To help
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And to improve drivability and reliability.
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91 Motorcycles
Category Description
Sub Engine
Category Displacement
Two Wheel Moped L1e < 50 cc
Three Wheel Moped L2e < 50 cc
Two Wheel Motorcycle L3e > 50 cc
L Three Wheel Motorcycle L4e > 50 cc
(with side car)
Tricycles L5e > 50 cc
Quadrimobiles L6e & L7e > 50 cc
EUROPE DIRECTIVE 97/24/EC WITH AMENDMENTS
EUROPEAN UNION
EURO 2-3 EMISSION LIMITS FOR 2 AND 3-WHEELED
VEHICLES AND QUADRIMOBILES
1)
Test cycle = ECE R40 (with emissions measured for all 6 modes sampling starts at T=0)
2)
Test cycle = ECE R40 + EUDC (emissions measured for all modes sampling starts at T=0)
with a max speed of 120 km/h
3)
UN/ECE GTR2 is an alternative TA procedure for Euro 3 stage (Directive 2002/51/EC), based
on harmonized WMTC test cycle
g/km
Class CO HC NOx
Limit values for motorcycles (2-wheels) for TA and COP
A (2003) TA: 01Apr04 I (< 150 cc) 5,50 1,20 0,30
Euro 2 FR: 01Jul05 II ( 150 cc) 5,50 1,00 0,30
I (< 150 cc) 2,00 0,80 0,15
B (2006) TA: 01Jan06 UDC cold
1)

Euro 3 FR: 01Jan07 II ( 150 cc) UDC+ 2,00 0,30 0,15
EUDC cold
2)
C (2006) Alternative V max < 130 km/h 2,62 0,75 0,17
GTR 2
3)
TA: 01Jul07
Limit values for tri- and quadrimobiles for TA and COP
A (2003) TA: 01Jan03 7,00 1,50 0,40
Euro 2 FR: 01Jul04 2,00 1,00 0,65
Proposal TBD 1,00 0,25
1,00 0,15 0,65
92 Motorcycles
L-CATEGORy VEHICLES
Other items: In-Use Compliance: 30.000 km (Euro 3 stage)
CO
2
and Fuel Consumption measurement required from Euro 3 stage
TA of replacement and retroft of catalytic converter as separate technical units
Proposal of New Regulation
In-use compliance not for Euro 4-5 study in 2016 possible introduction in 2020 (OBD Stage I)
EUROPEAN UNION
Stage Application Date Class Test Cycle CO HC NOx

01 Jan 16 New
L3e, L4e, L5Ae, L7Ae WMTC 1,14 0,17 0,09
Euro 4-5
01Jan 17 Current
L1e, L2e, L6e ECE R41
L5be, L7be ECE R40 1,00 0,10 0,06
Euro 5-6
01 Jan 20 New
All L-Category WMTC 1,00 0,10 0,06
01 Jan 21 Current
g/km
93 Motorcycles
WMTC
WORLD HARMONIZED MOTORCyCLE TEST CyCLE - DRIVING CyCLE (UN-ECE GTR No. 02)
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Time (s)
S
p
e
e
d

(
k
/
m
h
)
CLASS 3
130 km/h v
max
< 140 km/h subclass 3-1
v
max
140 km/h subclass 3-2
S
p
e
e
d

(
k
/
m
h
)
S
p
e
e
d

(
k
/
m
h
)
Time (s) Time (s)
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
130
120
110
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0 600 540 480 420 360 300 240 180 120 60 0
part 2, reduced speed
part 2
part 3
part 1
CLASS 1
50 cm
3
< engine capacity < 150 cm
3
and v
max
< 50 km/h
Engine capacity < 150 cm
3
and 50 km/h v
max
100 km/h
CLASS 2
Engine capacity < 150 cm
3
and 100 km/h v
max
< 115 km/h or
Engine capacity 150 cm
3
and v
max
115 km/h v
max
94 Motorcycles
US FEDERAL / CALIFORNIA
US FEDERAL MOTORCyCLE LIMITS (CFR 40 Part. 86.401)
1980 and later vehicles: 5,0 g/km HC; 12 g/km CO on FTP-75 test.
No crankcase emissions allowed. No evaporative emission regulations for
MY2005 and prior. EPA has adopted new regulations in line with CARB
regulations with implementation delayed by 2 years.
EPA New Motorcycle Standards (g/km)
year Class Disp. (cc) HC corp. ave CO HC+NOx
corp. ave max
06+ I 50-169 1,0 12
06+ II 170-279 1,0 12
06-09 III 280 1,0 12 1,4 5,0
10+ III 280 12 0,8 5,0
Regulations are fuel neutral.
Class I: 0 to 169 cc Class II: 170 to 279 cc Class III: 280 cc
Banking and early introduction credits available.
Three wheels vehicles included if they meet the On-Highway Motorcycle criteria.
Mopeds and scooters covered under Non-Road Recreational standards.
CALIFORNIA MOTORCyCLE LIMITS
California Motorcycle Standards (g/km)
year Class Disp. HC CO HC+NOx
corp. ave max corp. ave max
88-03 I & II 50-279 1,0 2,5 12
88-03 IIIa 280-699 1,0 2,5 12
IIIb 700+ 1,4 2,5 12
04-07 III 280 12 1,4 2,5
08+ III 280 12 0,8 2,5
Early Introduction Incentive program avail for 2008 standard.
Evap: 2,0 g beginning 1986.
Small volume manufacturers:
Until 2007 need only meet HC+NOx stand. as HC only.
2008+: HC+NOx stand. at 1,4 g/km level.
95 Motorcycles

Country Requirements
Brazil Mopeds: Vehicle with 2 wheels or similar equipped with 3 or 4 wheels. Engine capacity < 50 cc; top speed < 50 km/h
Motorcycles: Vehicle with 2 wheels or similar equipped with 3 or 4 wheels. Engine capacity > 50 cc; top speed > 50 km/h
Small volume manufacturer provisions available
Emissions Limits (g/km)
Class Application Date Displacement (cc) Equivalent to Cycle HC NOx HC+NOx CO
Mopeds 01Jan09 < 50 cc Euro 3 WMTC 1st phase (2 times) 0,8 0,15 - 2,0
Motorcycle
1)
From Apr09
2)
< 150 cc Euro 3 UN-ECE Reg 40 0,8 0,15 - 2,0
150 cc Euro 3 UN-ECE Reg 40 + EUDC 0,3 0,15 - 2,0
01Jan14 V MAX < 130 km/h Euro 4 WMTC phase 1+2 0,8 0,15 - 2,0
01Jan14 V MAX > 130 km/h Euro 4 VMTC Ogase 1+2+ 0,3 0,15 - 2,0

1)
Vehicles with 3 or 4 wheels CY: 05+: HC+NOx 1,5 g/km; CO: 7,0 g/km; NOx: 0,4 g/km
2)
Min diameter for emissions rolls: 40
Chile Santiago 2009: Euro 2 or US06 2010: Euro 3 or US10
China + Motorcyle emissions standards (g/km)
Taiwan
Class Application Date Displacement (cc) Equivalent to Cycle HC NOx HC+NOx CO
2 Wheel 01Jul01 < 150 cc Euro 3 UDC 0,8 0,15 2,0
150 cc Euro 3 UDC + EUDC 0,3 0,15 2,0
01Apr14 Euro 4 ? WMTC ?
3 Wheel 01Apr05 All Euro 3 UDC 4,0 0,25 1,00
Beijing: 2 and 4 stroke motorcycles (g/km) (Durability 15.000 km)
01Apr10 All Euro 3 UN-ECE Reg 40 2,00 3,50
96 Motorcycles

Country Requirements
India Motorcyle emissions standards (g/km)
2 Wheel 01Apr05 Bharat Stage II Euro 2 India drive Stage 2 1,5 1,5
Spark Ignition 01Apr10 Bharat Stage III Euro 3 India drive Stage 2 1,0 1,0
01Apr14 Bharat Stage IV ? Euro 4 WMTC ?
3 Wheel 01Apr05 Bharat Stage II Euro 2 India drive Stage 2 2,0 2,25
Spark Ignition 01Apr10 Bharat Stage IV Euro 3 India drive Stage 2 1,25 1,25
2 and 3 Wheel Application Date Displacement (cc) Equivalent to Cycle PM HC+NOx CO
Diesel 01Apr10 Bharat Stage III Euro 3 India drive Stage 2 0,05 0,50 0,50
Indonesia UN-ECE Reg 40 Step 3: HC: 3 g/km; CO: 4,5 g/km
Japan Motorcycle 125 cc ISO 6460 (ECE R40-cold start): HC: 0,5; CO: 2; NOx: 0,15 g/km Durability: 15.000 km
Motorcycle > 125 cc ISO 6460 (ECE R40-cold + EUDC cold start): HC: 0,3; CO: 2; NOx: 0,15 g/km Durability: 24.000 km
Singapore All motorcycles FTP: CO: 12 g/km; HC+NOx: 5 g/km
South Korea 50 cc Euro 1 - Test Cycle: ECE R47
> 50cc 2-stroke Euro 1 - Test Cycle: ECE R40 Durability for all: 6.000 km
> 500cc 4-stroke Euro 1 - Test Cycle: ECE R40
Switzerland Euro 3
Thailand From end of 2008: Euro III
Vietnam Moped ECE R47 CO: 1 g/km; HC+NOx: 1,2 g/km
Motorcycles ECE R40 CO: 3,5 g/km; HC+NOx: 2 g/km
GLOSSARY
AMA Accelerated Mileage Accumulation
ASM Acceleration Simulation Mode
BV Bed Volume
CAFE Corporate Average Fuel Economy (US)
CI Compression Ignition
COP Conformity of Production
CWF Carbon Weight Fraction (US)
DF Deterioration Factor
DI Direct Injection
EOBD European Union On-board Diagnostic
EUDC Extra Urban Driving Cycle
Evap Evaporative Emissions
FAME Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
FC Fuel Consumption (EU)
FE Fuel Economy (US)
FR First Registration, entry into service
FTP Federal Test Procedure
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GVW Gross Vehicle Weight
GVWR Gross Vehicle Weight Rating
IDI Indirect Diesel Injection
IUPR In-Use Performance Ratio
LBS Pounds (1 lb = 454 g)
LDT Light Duty Trucks
LLDT Light Light Duty Trucks
LVW Loaded Vehicle Weight
MDPV Medium Duty Passenger Vehicle
MIL Malfunction Indication Lamp
MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
NHV Net Heating Value of Fuel (US)
NMHC Non-Methane Hydrocarbons
NMOG Non-Methane Organic Gases
NYCC New York City Cycle
OBD On-board Diagnostic
ORVR On-board Refuelling Vapour Recovery
PI Positive Ignition
PM Particulate Matter
RAFs Reactivity Adjustment Factors
RDE Real World Driving Emissions
RM Reference Mass
SEA Selective Enforcement Audit
SG Specifc Gravity of Fuel (US)
SI Spark Ignition
SHED Sealed House for Evaporation Determination
TA Type Approval
UDDS Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule
VT SHED Variable Temperature SHED
WC Working Cycle
WLTC Worldwide Light Duty Test Cycle
WLTP Worldwide Light Duty Test Procedure
ADMINISTRATIONS & ASSOCIATIONS
ACEA European Car Manufacturer Association
CARB California Air Resources Board
ECE Economic Commission for Europe
EPA US Environmental Protection Agency
EU European Union
MVEG Motor Vehicle Emissions Group, advisory
expert committee to the EU commission
Troy Ofces Asia Pacic Regional Ofces
and Customer Center #118, De Lin Road
5725 Delphi Drive Wai Gao Qiao Free Trade Zone, Pudong
Troy, Michigan 48098-2815 Shanghai, 200131
USA China
Tel: (1) 248.813.2000 Tel: (86) 21.2896.8866
Fax: (1) 248.813.2673 Fax: (86) 21.5046.3937

European, Middle Eastern South American Regional Ofces
and African Regional Ofces Av. Gois, 1860
Avenue de Luxembourg So Caentano do Sul
L - 4940 Bascharage So Paulo 09550-050
G.-D. of Luxembourg Brazil
Tel: (352) 50.18.1 Tel: (55) 11.4234.9500
Fax: (352) 50.18.22.88 Fax: (55) 11.4234.9628
Delphi is pleased to offer free of charge to our
customers our Worldwide Emissions Standards
Booklets.
An electronic version of this booklet is also
available on our website:
delphi.com/emissions-pc
For additional worldwide emissions regulation
information, please call our emissions expert on
(352) 5018.4370 or email:
emissions.standards@delphi.com
Todays Ink s. r.l 236243- 1 www.todaysink.lu

Delphi Passenger Car Light Duty Truck Emissions Brochure 2013 2014

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