THE UNIVERSITY OF ASIA PACIFIC

ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS - I LAB PRACTICE

COURSE NO. EEE202

EXPT. NO. 2 Name of the Experiment: STUDY OF DIODE RECTIFIER CIRCUITS

OBJECTIVE :
To understand principle of diode in converting ac into dc and to study different diode rectifier circuits.

EQUIPMENTS:
Project Board p-n junction diode(1N4007) esistor (1!) "apacitor (1#$% 10#$) 'ulti(eter )ignal generator *scilloscope "&ords and +ire 1 piece 4 pieces 1 piece 1 piece eac& 1 unit 1 piece 1 unit lot

PREVIEW :
,n electrical syste(s -" to ." conversion is one of t&e (ost essential factors. ,n any electronic device% generally all t&e electronic co(ponents and ," operate on ." po+er supply. /ven in large industrial syste(s% +&ere &ig& voltage is used% t&e -" to ." conversion is an i(portant factor. T&e co(ponent t&at is +idely used as a rectifier is t&e diode. .iode is a t+o ter(inal device t&at per(its t&e flo+ of current in only one direction. (The details of the study of diode is discussed in the previous experiment). T&e process of converting an -" voltage to ." voltage is called rectification.

AC VOLTAGE

RECTIFIER

DC VOLTAGE

T&ere are t+o types of rectifiers% i) ii) 0alf 1ave ectifier $ull 1ave ectifier

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 1 (OBSERVING THE DIODE HALF WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT)

Notes for the students: Read the theory carefully before starting the experiment. Let your setup be checked by your lab instructor before connecting to the power supply. THEORY :

,n a &alf +ave rectifier circuit% *nly one cycle (positive cycle) of t&e input +ave is trans(itted to t&e output. T&e negative cycle is eli(inated at t&e output. .uring t&e positive cycle of t&e input% T&e diode is for+ard 2iased and it lets t&e current to flo+ t&roug& it. .ue to t&e current flo+% t&ere is a drop across t&e resistor or t&e output. T&at (eans t&e output follo+s t&e input .uring t&e negative cycle of t&e input% T&e diode is reversed 2iased and it does not let t&e current to flo+ t&roug& it. .ue to t&e current flo+% t&ere is a drop across t&e resistor or t&e output. T&at (eans t&ere is no voltage drop or output. Usin !" #$% C&'&(i#!) : $ro( t&e a2ove grap&s it is o2vious t&at t&e output voltage +it&out t&e capacitor &as not attained a ." s&ape. ,nstead it is just an -" +it&out its negative cycle. No+% t&e +ay to ac&ieve a ." voltage is to add a capacitor in parallel +it& t&e resistor. - capacitor can &old c&arge for so(eti(e. T&erefore% t&is device can &old t&e c&arge fro( t&e pea3 of one +ave to t&e pea3 of t&e ot&er. 0o+ever% if +e use a capacitor +it& lo+er resistance% t&en 2efore reac&ing t&e ne4t pea3 it +ill get disc&arged. )o a capacitor +it& a &ig&er capacitance is incu(2ent.

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.espite using a &ig&er capacitor% a considera2le a(ount of ripple +ill e4ist &ere. -ll t&ese p&eno(ena +ill 2e o2served &ere.

P)!(%*+)%:
1. "onstruct circuit of Circuit diagram 1 1,T0*5T T0/ "-P-",T* . -pply ,V a(plitude to t&e -" signal and set t&e fre6uency to -..H/. *2serve t&e input voltage (7i) and t&e output (7o) si(ultaneously on t&e oscilloscope in dual (ode. )3etc& input and output +avefor(s in t&e G)&'$ 1 in t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in t&eir allotted space. 8. 'easure t&e *utput -verage and ') 7oltage 2y a (ulti(eter and ta2ulated it in t&e T&02% 1 of t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in '& % 34

Circuit Diagram 1

3.

N*1 -.. resistor).

"-P-",T*

-" *)) T0/

9*-.. ("onnect 1$ capacitor across t&e load

4. *2serve t&e input voltage (7i) and t&e output (7o) si(ultaneously on t&e oscilloscope in dual (ode. .ra+ only t&e output grap& of c&annel 8 in G)&'$ 1 in t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in t&eir allotted space. epeat t&e step 8. . eplace 1$ "apacitor +it& 10 $ and repeat step : and step 4.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM 5 (OBSERVING THE DIODE HALF WAVE RECTIFIER CIRCUIT)

Notes for the students : Read the theory carefully before starting the experiment. Let your setup be checked by your lab instructor before connecting to the power supply. THEORY :

,n a full +ave rectifier circuit%

!
T&e positive cycle of t&e input +ave is trans(itted to t&e output. T&e negative cycle is inverted and trans(itted to t&e output.

P)!(%*+)%:
1 "onstruct circuit of Circuit diagram 2 1,T0*5T T0/ "-P-",T* . -pply 6V a(plitude to t&e -" signal and set t&e fre6uency to -..H/. *2serve t&e input voltage (7 i) and t&e output (7o) )/P- -T/9; on t&e oscilloscope.

.*

N*T "*NN/"T T0/ "0-NN/9 P *B/) ),'59T-N/*5)9;% T0-T '/-N) 10,9/ 7,/1,N< *N/ 1-7/)0-P/ T0 *5<0 T0/ *)",99*)"*P/ T0/ *T0/ P *B/ )0*59. B/ "*NN/"T/. 1,T0 T0/ ", "5,T

)3etc& input and output +avefor(s in t&e G)&'$ 1 in t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in t&eir allotted space. 8 'easure t&e *utput -verage and ') 7oltage 2y a (ulti(eter and ta2ulated it in t&e T&02% 1 of t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in '& % 34

Circuit Diagram 2

3 4

N*1 -.. resistor).

"-P-",T*

-" *)) T0/

9*-.. ("onnect 1$ capacitor across t&e load

BE CAREFUL a2out t&e polarity of t&e capacitor. *2serve t&e input voltage (7 i) and t&e output (7o) si(ultaneously on t&e oscilloscope in dual (ode. .ra+ only t&e output grap& of c&annel 8 in G)&'$ 5 in t&e O0s%)1&#i!n S$%%# in t&eir allotted space. epeat t&e step 8. eplace 1$ "apacitor +it& 47$ and repeat step : and step 4.

OBSERVATION SHEET
Notes for the students : During your experiment you have to collect and tabulate the data in this sheet. You will be submitting it to your instructor in the next lab .

"raph#

GRAPH2

TABLE 1 : Output Volt !" #" $u%"&"'t :

RECTIFIER

OUTPUT VOLTAGE AVERAGE %mea&'re( )* m'+timeter in ,C mo(e-

()t*out C p +)to%

()t* C p +)to%

()t* C p +)to%

HALF (AVE

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

R#S %mea&'re( )* m'+timeter in AC mo(e-

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

FULL (AVE

AVERAGE %mea&'re( )* m'+timeter in ,C mo(e.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

R#S %mea&'re( )* m'+timeter in AC mo(eEVALUATION: ,1

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

.. .. .. .. ..

Pro.e that the ,C an( R/S .a+'e of the o'tp't of a ha+f 0a.e re1tifier are 2,C = 2m an( 2R/S = 2m 2

Ca+1'+ate theoreti1a++* the .a+'e of 2,C an( 2R/S 3 ,i&1'&& the rea&on if there i& an* (i&1repan1*3 ,2 Pro.e that the ,C an( R/S .a+'e of the o'tp't of a f'++ 0a.e re1tifier are

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22m 2 an( 2R/S = m 2 Ca+1'+ate theoreti1a++* the .a+'e of 2,C an( 2R/S 3 ,i&1'&& the rea&on if there i& an* (i&1repan1*3 ,-5h* the o'tp't 0a.e &hape of the re1tifier i& (i&torte( at hi6h fre7'en1* &'pp+* 8 2,C =