Essentials to ethical nursing

The great Greek physician Hippocrates stated: "The art of medicine consists of three things: a doctor, a disease and a patient". For 2500 years, since the time of Hippocrates, to following a 3rd named term was added - nurse. An important ethical principle, which is based on the relationship between a medical and a patient is to not harm. According to modern concepts, medical ethics includes following aspects: Research - section of medical science that studies an ethical and moral aspects of health care workers; Practical - the area of medical practice, which objectives are a creation and application of ethical standards and rules of professional medical practice. A nursing process it is a way of thinking and action in relation to basic objects of nursing people, an environment, a health. This method of organization and delivery of nursing care, which includes the patient's sister as interacting entities. They should be regarded as a person and treat them with a respect. Purpose nursing process include: 1) identification of the patient's needs for care. 2) A determination of care and expected objectives and results of care. 3) an application of the nursing strategy to meet needs of a patient. 4) evaluate an effectiveness of nursing care.

An organizational structure of a nursing process consists of five steps: 1) survey (gathering information on a state of health of a patient). 2) nursing diagnosis (a definition and an identification of existing and potential problems of a patient requiring nursing interventions). 3) a plan (a definition of a program of action). 4) actions necessary to implement a plan.

5) evaluation (study patient's response to intervention sisters). Everything in a nurse must dispose of his patient, since its appearance (alertness, neatness, hairstyle, facial expression). It is totally unacceptable treatment "a patient", as if a patient has lost a right for a name or a surname. That between a nurse and a patient developed partnerships with a patient should feel that you want to help him. Only if there is a confidence that a dialogue, during which the nurse knows it needs information about a patient, features of his personality, his opinion about the disease, persisting, hopes for recovery and plans for a future. During these interviews revealed the patient's relatives, a job, other problems and all these details are a nurse the opportunity to put a nursing diagnosis. Knowing particular experiences of a patient, his or her personality, a nurse tactfully explain a patient not only their rights, but also duties, said in an accessible form to a patient of necessary surveys, prepare for an impending treatment. A refuse of a patient to a particular type of survey or therapy should not call him a negative attitude on a part of medical staff. Nurses duty is to be honest and truthful to a patient, but talking about a diagnosis, especially diseases can not go beyond a designated physician. This applies to nurses conversations with relatives of patients. Psychotherapeutic role of nurses is very high, wherever she worked. It is no accident in a beginning, when the Institute of nurses being created, they were called the sisters of mercy, because were not only care about a body, but a soul of a sick. An art of nursing is a harmonious combination of creativity and scientific validity of procedures, manuals, verbal actions and conversations in a care of a sick, an ability to protect a patient from overwhelmed by negative thoughts and feelings, essentially spanning a recovery, such protection is important for a people of any age, but especially for children and elderly. To implement it, a nurse should be prepared to empathize, to be kind, responsiveness, participation. But in some cases, just a good human qualities are not enough. To use it

professionally, and thus a high degree of reliability, it is necessary to learn some elements of clinical psychology and psychotherapy. A large part of nurses work undertake so-called intimate manipulation "closed areas" of a human body. This is a cleansing and therapeutic enema treatment of external genital organs of women douching, manipulation on a breast, feeding vessel lining, drainage bag, etc. An implementation of these "ordinary" for nursing manipulation in patients is a natural sense of shame, embarrassment, both to medical employee, and especially to neighbors in a ward. This should be remembered vulnerability allows for easy mental patient, to spare feelings, shame, which formed in humans from early childhood. Particularly sensitive and vulnerable psyche of women suffering from pelvic and genital, urinary tract, breast, etc.

References 1. Conceptual Foundations: The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice, Chapter 12; Authors: Joan L. Creasia, Elizabeth E. Friberg, St. Louis, Mo. : Elsevier/Mosby, 2011