File1 146 1714383

1 - -
04:00 Antihistamine Drugs

04:04 First Generation Antihistamines
Carbinoxamine/Pseudoephedrine-Rotec (OROTE)
Indication: Allergic rhinitis
Contraindication: Acute asthma attack; hypersensitivity
to carbinoxamine or other ethanolamine antihistamines;
MAOI therapy; narrow-angle glaucoma; peptic ulcer;
severe coronary artery disease; severe hypertension;
urinary retention
Adverse effect: Contact dermatitis; xerostomia; dizziness,
headache, sedated, somnolence; nasal mucosa dry
Dose: Adults and Children
12 yrs: 1-2 tab TID-QID

Supply: Tab pseudoephedrine HCI 60 mg/
carbinoxamine maleate 4 mg
Chlorpheniramine Maleate-CTM (OCTM)
Indication: Rhinitis, pruritus and urticaria, hay fever,

contact dermatitis, drug sensitization.
Contraindication: Low respiratory tract disease; newborn
or premature infants; nursing mother.
Adverse effect: Nausea, headache, drowsiness, dizziness
and irritability, disturbance of vision.
Dosage: Adults and Children
12 yrs: oral 4 mg every

4-6 hours, maximum dose 24 mg/day. Children: 6-12 yrs:
2 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum dose 12 mg/day; 2- 6 yrs:
1 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum dose 6 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 4 mg
Cyproheptadine HCI-Periactin (Syrup)
(OCYPR) (BPERI)
Indication: Pruritus, eczema, urticaria, appetite stimulant,

migraine headache.
Contraindication: Patient with glaucoma; it should not be
prescribed for elderly debilitated.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea
and irritability.
2 - - 3 - -
Dosage: Allergy: Adults: 4 mg TID (Max 0.5 mg/kg/day);
Children: 2- 6 yrs: 2 mg BID or TID (Max 12 mg/day);
7-14 yrs: 4 mg BID or TID (Max. 16 mg/day)
Stimulation of appetite: Adults: 2-4 mg TID or QID,
Children: 2-6 yrs: 2 mg BID or TID (Max. 8 mg/day)
Supply: Tab 4 mg; Syrup 0.4 mg/ml, 60 ml/bot
Diphenhydramine HCI- Diphenhydramin (IDIPH)(
)
Benamine(OBENA)
Indication: Allergies such as urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis,

hay fever, motion sickness, and Parkinsonism (including
drug induced)
Contraindication: Newborn or premature infants,
nursing mother, patient on MAO inhibitor therapy and lower
respiratory tract disease.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, sedation, dizziness, and
irritability, thicken of bronchial secretions.
Dosage: Adults: 25-50 mg PO TID or QID. Deep IM or
IV as an antihistamine, or for allergic reactions to
blood or plasma, motion sickness, adjunctive treatment of
anaphylaxis, or Parkinsonism 10-50 mg/dose, to
a maximum of 400mg/day. Pediatrics: PO as an
antihistamine 5 mg/kg/day, or (
9kg) 6.25-12.5 mg
TID-QID; (
9kg) 12.5-25 mg TID-QID, to a MAX dose

of 25 mg/day; (6-12 yrs) 12.5 mg Q4H, to a MAX dose of
75 mg/day. Deep IM or IV 5 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses,
to a MAX dose of 300 mg/day.
Stability: Reconstituted in D5W or NS 100mg/L solution
is physically compatible.
Supply: Cap 50 mg; Inj 30 mg/1 ml/amp
04:08 Second Generation Antihistamines
Cetirizine HCI- Cetimin (OCETI) Zyrtec (BZYRT)

Indication: It has been used in allergic rhinitis, perennial
allergic rhinitis, and chronic urticaria.
Pharmacology: Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine,
is H1-receptor antagonist with minimal anticholinergic or
central nervous system activity
Pharmacokinetics: Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P-450
enzymes (i.e., azithromycin, ketoconazole, and
erythromycin) do not interfere with the pharmacokinetic
disposition of cetirizine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cetirizine or
hydroxyzine; Avoid concurrent use of central nervous
system depressants or patient with renal insufciency or
hepatic dysfunction.
Adverse effect: Generally, cetirizine is well tolerated,
but somnolence, fatigue, and dry mouth are the common
side effects. Doses greater than 10 milligrams may be
associated with a higher frequency of side effects,
especially sedation.
Dosage: Adults: 10 mg PO QD. Pediatrics:
6 yrs,
5~10 mg once daily; 2~5 yrs: 2.5~5 mg once daily; 6~23
months: 5 mg once daily
Supply: Tab 10 mg; Sol 0.1% 60 ml/bot
Cetirizine/Pseudoephedrine- Cetipo (OCETIP)

pseudoephedrine; MAOI use within 14 days;
narrow-angle glaucoma; severe coronary artery disease;
severe hypertension; urinary retention
Dosage: 1 tab BID.
Supply: Tab cetirizine 5 mg/pseudoephedrine 120 mg
Fexofenadine-Nasaga(ONASA)
Indication: Fexofenadine is effective for the treatment of

seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Place in therapy: Compare with terfenadine,
fexofenadine is not dependent on the cytochrome P450
2 - - 3 - -
Dosage: Allergy: Adults: 4 mg TID (Max 0.5 mg/kg/day);
Children: 2- 6 yrs: 2 mg BID or TID (Max 12 mg/day);
7-14 yrs: 4 mg BID or TID (Max. 16 mg/day)
Stimulation of appetite: Adults: 2-4 mg TID or QID,
Children: 2-6 yrs: 2 mg BID or TID (Max. 8 mg/day)
Supply: Tab 4 mg; Syrup 0.4 mg/ml, 60 ml/bot
Diphenhydramine HCI- Diphenhydramin (IDIPH)(
)
Benamine(OBENA)
Indication: Allergies such as urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis,

hay fever, motion sickness, and Parkinsonism (including
drug induced)
Contraindication: Newborn or premature infants,
nursing mother, patient on MAO inhibitor therapy and lower
respiratory tract disease.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, sedation, dizziness, and
irritability, thicken of bronchial secretions.
Dosage: Adults: 25-50 mg PO TID or QID. Deep IM or
IV as an antihistamine, or for allergic reactions to
blood or plasma, motion sickness, adjunctive treatment of
anaphylaxis, or Parkinsonism 10-50 mg/dose, to
a maximum of 400mg/day. Pediatrics: PO as an
antihistamine 5 mg/kg/day, or (
9kg) 6.25-12.5 mg
TID-QID; (
9kg) 12.5-25 mg TID-QID, to a MAX dose

of 25 mg/day; (6-12 yrs) 12.5 mg Q4H, to a MAX dose of
75 mg/day. Deep IM or IV 5 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses,
to a MAX dose of 300 mg/day.
Stability: Reconstituted in D5W or NS 100mg/L solution
is physically compatible.
04:08 Second Generation Antihistamines
Cetirizine HCI- Cetimin (OCETI) Zyrtec (BZYRT)

Indication: It has been used in allergic rhinitis, perennial
allergic rhinitis, and chronic urticaria.
Pharmacology: Cetirizine, a metabolite of hydroxyzine,
is H1-receptor antagonist with minimal anticholinergic or
central nervous system activity
Pharmacokinetics: Drugs that inhibit cytochrome P-450
enzymes (i.e., azithromycin, ketoconazole, and
erythromycin) do not interfere with the pharmacokinetic
disposition of cetirizine.
hydroxyzine; Avoid concurrent use of central nervous
system depressants or patient with renal insufciency or
Dosage: Adults: 10 mg PO QD. Pediatrics:
6 yrs,
5~10 mg once daily; 2~5 yrs: 2.5~5 mg once daily; 6~23
months: 5 mg once daily
Supply: Tab 10 mg; Sol 0.1% 60 ml/bot
Cetirizine/Pseudoephedrine- Cetipo (OCETIP)

pseudoephedrine; MAOI use within 14 days;
narrow-angle glaucoma; severe coronary artery disease;
severe hypertension; urinary retention
Dosage: 1 tab BID.
Supply: Tab cetirizine 5 mg/pseudoephedrine 120 mg
Fexofenadine-Nasaga(ONASA)
Indication: Fexofenadine is effective for the treatment of

seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria.
Place in therapy: Compare with terfenadine,
fexofenadine is not dependent on the cytochrome P450
4 - - 5 - -
enzyme system; therefore, it may be useful in a broader
range of patients (liver dysfunction, concomitant
administration of cytochrome P450 inhibitors).
Pharmacokinetics: Maximal effects are observed at 2
to 3 hours, and therapeutic effects persist for at least 12
hours. Food decreases oral absorption. AUC of
fexofenadine was decreased by 41% and Cmax by 43%
when concomitant administered with antacid, separate
administration is recommended.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to fexofenadine
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, somnolence,
dyspepsia
Dosage: Adults (or >12 y/o): 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg
PO QD.Children (6-11 y/o): 30 mg PO BID.
Supply: Tab 60mg
Loratadine-Genadine(OGENA)
Indication: Loratadine is a long-acting, non-sedating

antihistamine. It is an effective antihistamine for the
treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, caution in patients
who are at risk for drowsiness, asthma, or syncope.
Adverse effect: Loratadine is well tolerated. The most
common si de effects reported i n cl i ni cal tri al s are
headache and nausea. Other si de effects i ncl udes
sedat i on, di zzi ness, dr y mout h, f at i gue. When
coadministrate with erythromycin, cimetidine or
ketoconazole, the serum levels of these drugs were
elevated, but no QT interval prolongation observed.
6 yr : 10 mg PO QD on
an empty stomach. Children (2-6 yrs): 5 mg PO QD.
Supply: Tab 10mg
Loratadine/Pseudoephedrine- Clarinase (OCLARI)

Indication: Loratadine/pseudoephedrine is indicated for
the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. It is
also used in asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this medication or
any of its ingredients; concomitant use of monoamine
oxi dase i nhi bi tor therapy or use wi thi n 14 days of
stopping these agents; narrow-angle glaucoma; severe
coronary artery disease; urinary retention
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include insomnia, dry
mouth, and headache.
Dosage: Adults and children over 12: seasonal allergic
rhinitis: loratadine/pseudoephedrine 5/120 mg 1 tablet
PO BI D; decrease dosages are recommended i n
patients with glomerular filtration rates of less than 30
milliliters/minute
Pharmacokinetics: Coadministration of loratadine and
pseudoephedrine do not affect the pharmacokinetics of
each drug separately. The half-life of loratadine is 8.4
hours and the half-life of pseudoephedrine is 6.3 hours.
Supply: Tab loratadine 5 mg/pseudoephedrine 120 mg
Ebastine - Ebastin (OEBAS)
Indication: Insect bite; prophylaxis; perennial allergic
rhinitis; seasonal allergic rhinitis
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to ebastine
Adverse effect: Headache, i mpai red psychomotor
performance, somnolence; dry mouth; QT interval - nding
12 yrs: oral 10-20 mg QD.

Children: 2-12 yrs: 5-10 mg QD
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Levocetirizine-Xyzal(OXYZA)
Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic

rhinitis, and chronic urticaria.
Pharmacologpy: Levocetirizine is the active levo form
of cetirizine, mediated its principal anti-histaminic actions
through selective inhibition of peripheral histamine
H1-receptors, and its anti-inammatory actions via
inhibition of eosinophil migration and V-CAM 1
expressions, reducing mucosal inammation.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: within 1hr; oral bioavailability:

85%; protein binding: 98%; minimally metabolized by

4 - - 5 - -
enzyme system; therefore, it may be useful in a broader
range of patients (liver dysfunction, concomitant
administration of cytochrome P450 inhibitors).
Pharmacokinetics: Maximal effects are observed at 2
to 3 hours, and therapeutic effects persist for at least 12
hours. Food decreases oral absorption. AUC of
fexofenadine was decreased by 41% and Cmax by 43%
when concomitant administered with antacid, separate
administration is recommended.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to fexofenadine
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, somnolence,
dyspepsia
Dosage: Adults (or >12 y/o): 60 mg PO BID or 180 mg
PO QD. Children (6-11 y/o): 30 mg PO BID.
Supply: Tab 60mg
Loratadine-Genadine(OGENA)
Indication: Loratadine is a long-acting, non-sedating

antihistamine. It is an effective antihistamine for the
treatment of allergic rhinitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, caution in patients
who are at risk for drowsiness, asthma, or syncope.
Adverse effect: Loratadine is well tolerated. The most
common si de effects reported i n cl i ni cal tri al s are
headache and nausea. Other si de effects i ncl udes
sedat i on, di zzi ness, dr y mout h, f at i gue. When
coadministrate with erythromycin, cimetidine or
ketoconazole, the serum levels of these drugs were
elevated, but no QT interval prolongation observed.
6 yr : 10 mg PO QD on
an empty stomach. Children (2-6 yrs): 5 mg PO QD.
Supply: Tab 10mg
Loratadine/Pseudoephedrine- Clarinase (OCLARI)

Indication: Loratadine/pseudoephedrine is indicated for
the relief of symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis. It is
also used in asthmatic patients with allergic rhinitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this medication or
any of its ingredients; concomitant use of monoamine
oxi dase i nhi bi tor therapy or use wi thi n 14 days of
stopping these agents; narrow-angle glaucoma; severe
coronary artery disease; urinary retention
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include insomnia, dry
mouth, and headache.
Dosage: Adults and children over 12: seasonal allergic
rhinitis: loratadine/pseudoephedrine 5/120 mg 1 tablet
PO BI D; decrease dosages are recommended i n
patients with glomerular filtration rates of less than 30
milliliters/minute
Pharmacokinetics: Coadministration of loratadine and
pseudoephedrine do not affect the pharmacokinetics of
each drug separately. The half-life of loratadine is 8.4
hours and the half-life of pseudoephedrine is 6.3 hours.
Supply: Tab loratadine 5 mg/pseudoephedrine 120 mg
Ebastine - Ebastin (OEBAS)
Indication: Insect bite; prophylaxis; perennial allergic
rhinitis; seasonal allergic rhinitis
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to ebastine
Adverse effect: Headache, i mpai red psychomotor
performance, somnolence; dry mouth; QT interval - nding
12 yrs: oral 10-20 mg QD.

Children: 2-12 yrs: 5-10 mg QD
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Levocetirizine-Xyzal(OXYZA)
Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic

rhinitis, and chronic urticaria.
Pharmacologpy: Levocetirizine is the active levo form
of cetirizine, mediated its principal anti-histaminic actions
through selective inhibition of peripheral histamine
H1-receptors, and its anti-inammatory actions via
inhibition of eosinophil migration and V-CAM 1
expressions, reducing mucosal inammation.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: within 1hr; oral bioavailability:

85%; protein binding: 98%; minimally metabolized by

6 - - 7 - -
liver, at least 85% of the dose is excreted unchanged via
urine.
Contraindications: History of hypersensitivity to
levocetirizine or to any piperazine derivatives. Patients
with severe renal impairment (ClCr
10 ml/min)
Adverse effects: Dry mouth, headache, fatigue, and
somnolence.
Dosage: Adults and children(
6 yrs): 5 mg once daily.

Supply: Tab 5 mg
08:00 Anti-Infective agents
08.08 Anthelmintics
Mebendazole-Conquer(OCONQ)
)
Indication: Roundworm, hookworm, whipworm,
pinworm
Adverse effect: GI disturbances
Dosage: Whipworm, roundworm, and hookworm: 1 tab
bid for 3 days. Pinworm: 1 tab as single dose. Round
(mass extermination) 2-3 tab daily.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:12 Antbacterials
08:12.02 Aminoglycosides
Amikacin sulfate-Aminfec (IAMINF)
Indication: Antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin,

and effective against organisms resistant to gentamicin,
tobramycin and kanamycin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to amikacin or other
amino-glycosides antibiotics. It should be given with care
to patient with impaired renal function.
Adverse effect: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: IM or IV 15-20 mg/kg/day in
divided doses Q8H or Q12H, maximum dose 1.5 g/day.
Supply: Inj 250 mg/2 ml/vial
Gentamicin sulfate-Gentamycin
(IGEN8)
(IGENTA)
Indication: Bactericidal against many strains of Gram (-)

including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Shigella,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Proteus.
Among Gram (+) organisms: Staphylococcus aureus is
high sensitive.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to
gentamicin. It should be given with care to patients with
impaired renal function or with ototoxicity symptoms occur.
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (vestibular
damage is more common than hearing loss), allergy
reaction.
Dosage: Usual daily dose: 3 mg/kg in divided doses, IM or
IV. Usual dose range: 1-5 mg/kg/day, maximum dose: 8
mg/kg/day.
Supply: Inj 80 mg/2 ml/vial.
Neomycin sulfate (ONEOM)
Indication: Bactericidal, effective against Staphylococci

and a wide range of Gram (-) bacteria including: E.coli,
Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus, Salmonella
and Shigella. It can use bowel preparation for surgery,
hepat i c coma and di ar r hea caused by i nt est i nal
pathogenic E. coli.
Contraindication: Intestinal disinfection when an
obstruction is present and in patients with a known
history of allergy. It should be used with care in patients
with kidney or liver disease and in those with impaired
hearing.
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, skin rash,
intestinal malabsorption & superinfection.
Dosage: For preoperative use: 1 g Q4H for 6 doses, and
for no longer than 3 days. For infectious diarrhea: 50
mg/kg/day in divided doses for 2 - 3 days. For hepatic
coma: 5-12 g/day in divided doses, for 5 - 6 days.
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 0.6% to 0.8% of the
dose is absorbed in oral dosage; prolonged absorption
6 - - 7 - -
liver, at least 85% of the dose is excreted unchanged via
urine.
Contraindications: History of hypersensitivity to
levocetirizine or to any piperazine derivatives. Patients
with severe renal impairment (ClCr
10 ml/min)
Adverse effects: Dry mouth, headache, fatigue, and
somnolence.
Dosage: Adults and children(
6 yrs): 5 mg once daily.

Supply: Tab 5 mg
08:00 Anti-Infective agents
08.08 Anthelmintics
Mebendazole-Conquer(OCONQ)
)
Indication: Roundworm, hookworm, whipworm,
pinworm
Adverse effect: GI disturbances
Dosage: Whipworm, roundworm, and hookworm: 1 tab
bid for 3 days. Pinworm: 1 tab as single dose. Round
(mass extermination) 2-3 tab daily.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:12 Antbacterials
08:12.02 Aminoglycosides
Amikacin sulfate-Aminfec (IAMINF)
Indication: Antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin,

and effective against organisms resistant to gentamicin,
tobramycin and kanamycin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to amikacin or other
amino-glycosides antibiotics. It should be given with care
to patient with impaired renal function.
Adverse effect: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: IM or IV 15-20 mg/kg/day in
divided doses Q8H or Q12H, maximum dose 1.5 g/day.
Gentamicin sulfate-Gentamycin
(IGEN8)
(IGENTA)
Indication: Bactericidal against many strains of Gram (-)

including E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Serratia, Shigella,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and some Proteus.
Among Gram (+) organisms: Staphylococcus aureus is
high sensitive.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity or toxic reaction to
gentamicin. It should be given with care to patients with
impaired renal function or with ototoxicity symptoms occur.
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity (vestibular
damage is more common than hearing loss), allergy
reaction.
Dosage: Usual daily dose: 3 mg/kg in divided doses, IM or
IV. Usual dose range: 1-5 mg/kg/day, maximum dose: 8
mg/kg/day.
Neomycin sulfate (ONEOM)
Indication: Bactericidal, effective against Staphylococci

and a wide range of Gram (-) bacteria including: E.coli,
Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus, Salmonella
and Shigella. It can use bowel preparation for surgery,
hepat i c coma and di ar r hea caused by i nt est i nal
pathogenic E. coli.
Contraindication: Intestinal disinfection when an
obstruction is present and in patients with a known
history of allergy. It should be used with care in patients
with kidney or liver disease and in those with impaired
hearing.
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, skin rash,
intestinal malabsorption & superinfection.
Dosage: For preoperative use: 1 g Q4H for 6 doses, and
for no longer than 3 days. For infectious diarrhea: 50
mg/kg/day in divided doses for 2 - 3 days. For hepatic
coma: 5-12 g/day in divided doses, for 5 - 6 days.
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 0.6% to 0.8% of the
dose is absorbed in oral dosage; prolonged absorption
8 - - 9 - -
by irrigation across the pleura, peritoneum, and wound
site can result in toxicity.
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Streptomycin sulfateStreptomycin(ISM)
Indication: Particularly against Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, and Gram (-) bacteria including: E. coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, N. meningitides, Salmonella, Shigella and
some species of Proteus. It is also effective against
Yersinia pestis, Francisells tularensis, Brucella spp. and
H. inuenzae.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; it should not be
given to patient with disease of ear or with impaired liver
or kidney function.
Adverse effect: Paraesthesia, vertigo, headache,
allergy reaction, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Dosage: Usual adult: 1-2 g daily in divided doses every
6-12 hours. Dosage of streptomycin generally should not
exceed 2 g per day. Children: 20-40 mg/kg daily, given in
divided doses every 6-12 hours. Particular care should
be taken to avoid excessive dosage in children.
Supply: Inj 1 g/vial.
Tobramycin sulfate-Tobra(ITOB8)
Indication: Tobramycin sulfate is used for the treatment

of serious infections, including septicemia, low
respiratory tract infections, CNS infections (meningitis),
intraabdominal infections (including peritonitis), bone
infections, skin infections, and complicated and recurrent
urinary tract infections caused by susceptible.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity
Adverse effect: Neuromuscul ar bl ockade f i ndi ng;
ototoxicity; nephrotoxicity; respiratory tract paralysis,
concomitant anesthesia, muscle relaxants
Dosage: Adult: traditional dosing, 3-6 mg/kg/day IV/IM
divided every 8 h; once-daily dosing, 4-7 mg/kg IV every
24 hr.
08:12.06 Cephalosporins
08:12.06.04 First Generation Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil monohydrate-Cefadroxil (OCEFA)
Indication: Cefadroxil is indicated for infections caused

by suscept i bl e organi sms i n t he f ol l owi ng cl i ni cal
situations: Urinary tract infections caused by E coli, P
mirabilis, and Klebsiella species; skin and skin-structure
infections caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci,
and pharyngi t i s and t onsi l l i t i s caused by group A
beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Place in therapy: Cefadroxil is not the drug of choice for
suscepti bl e bacteri al i nfecti ons (mi l d to moderati on
respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and skin-structure
infections) since there are other less expensive drugs
available, unless resistance is a problem with these other
referred drugs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cefadroxil or
cephalosporin antibiotics
Adverse effect: The most frequently reported adverse
effects are nausea and vomiting.
Dosage: Adults: 1-2 g PO QD or BID; Children: 30
mg/kg/day in divided doses Q12H
Pharmacokinetics: Half-life is 1-2 hr; in renal failure,
half-life increases to 20-25 hr
Supply: Cap 500 mg
Cefazolin sodium-Veterin(ICEFA) Winzolin (IWINZ)
Indication: Active against Staphylococci, Streptococci,

Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella spp, Bordetella pertussis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and some
strains of E. coli and Haemophilus inuenzae.
Contraindication: Use with great care in patients
allergic to penicillin and taking anticoagulants.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, elevated SGOT,
8 - - 9 - -
by irrigation across the pleura, peritoneum, and wound
site can result in toxicity.
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Streptomycin sulfateStreptomycin(ISM)
Indication: Particularly against Mycobacterium

tuberculosis, and Gram (-) bacteria including: E. coli,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Neisseria
gonorrhoeae, N. meningitides, Salmonella, Shigella and
some species of Proteus. It is also effective against
Yersinia pestis, Francisells tularensis, Brucella spp. and
H. inuenzae.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; it should not be
given to patient with disease of ear or with impaired liver
or kidney function.
Adverse effect: Paraesthesia, vertigo, headache,
allergy reaction, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
Dosage: Usual adult: 1-2 g daily in divided doses every
6-12 hours. Dosage of streptomycin generally should not
exceed 2 g per day. Children: 20-40 mg/kg daily, given in
divided doses every 6-12 hours. Particular care should
be taken to avoid excessive dosage in children.
Supply: Inj 1 g/vial.
Tobramycin sulfate-Tobra(ITOB8)
Indication: Tobramycin sulfate is used for the treatment

of serious infections, including septicemia, low
respiratory tract infections, CNS infections (meningitis),
intraabdominal infections (including peritonitis), bone
infections, skin infections, and complicated and recurrent
urinary tract infections caused by susceptible.
Adverse effect: Neuromuscul ar bl ockade f i ndi ng;
ototoxicity; nephrotoxicity; respiratory tract paralysis,
concomitant anesthesia, muscle relaxants
Dosage: Adult: traditional dosing, 3-6 mg/kg/day IV/IM
divided every 8 h; once-daily dosing, 4-7 mg/kg IV every
24 hr.
08:12.06 Cephalosporins
08:12.06.04 First Generation Cephalosporins
Cefadroxil monohydrate-Cefadroxil (OCEFA)
Indication: Cefadroxil is indicated for infections caused

by suscept i bl e organi sms i n t he f ol l owi ng cl i ni cal
situations: Urinary tract infections caused by E coli, P
mirabilis, and Klebsiella species; skin and skin-structure
infections caused by staphylococci and/or streptococci,
and pharyngi t i s and t onsi l l i t i s caused by group A
beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Place in therapy: Cefadroxil is not the drug of choice for
suscepti bl e bacteri al i nfecti ons (mi l d to moderati on
respiratory tract, urinary tract, skin and skin-structure
infections) since there are other less expensive drugs
available, unless resistance is a problem with these other
referred drugs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cefadroxil or
Adverse effect: The most frequently reported adverse
effects are nausea and vomiting.
Dosage: Adults: 1-2 g PO QD or BID; Children: 30
mg/kg/day in divided doses Q12H
Pharmacokinetics: Half-life is 1-2 hr; in renal failure,
half-life increases to 20-25 hr
Supply: Cap 500 mg
Cefazolin sodium-Veterin(ICEFA) Winzolin (IWINZ)
Indication: Active against Staphylococci, Streptococci,

Neisseria, Salmonella, Shigella spp, Bordetella pertussis,
Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and some
strains of E. coli and Haemophilus inuenzae.
Contraindication: Use with great care in patients
allergic to penicillin and taking anticoagulants.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, elevated SGOT,
10 - - 11 - -
increased prothrombin time, neurological disturbances,
super-infection, acute and potentially fatal renal failure.
Dosage: Adult 0.5 2 g Q6-12H, in severe infections 6 g/day;
maximum daily dose: 6 12 g. Children: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day in
divided doses.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Veterin), 1gm/vial (Winzolin)
Cephalexin monohydrate-Ceflexin(OCEF5) Winlex
(OWINL) Cephalexin(ICEPH)
Indication: Against both gram positive and negative

organisms, but less potent
Contraindication: Same as cefazolin.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and
abdominal discomfort. Skin rashes, eosinophilia and
neutropenia, rise in serum aminotransferases,
superinfection (particularly candida).
Dosage: Adults: 250-500 mg orally Q6H, maximum dose
up to 4 g/day. Children: 25-100 mg/kg/day divided into 4
doses, maximum dose up to 3 g/day.
Supply: Cap 500 mg; Inj 1 gm/vial
Cephradine-S-60(IS60)
Indication: First-generation cephalosporin for

gram-positive and gram-negative infections in the
respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, urinary tract and
otitis media.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephradine or
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia,
thrombophlebitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, pseudomembranous colitis, and cutaneous and
allergic reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5 g~1 g Q6H, IV/IM. (MAX: 8 gm/day).
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses, MAX: 4
gm/day.
Supply: Inj 1g/vial
08:12.06.08 Second Generation Cephalosporins
Cefuroxime sodium-Cefuroxime (ICEF7)
Indication: Lower respiratory tract infections (including

pneumonia), serious skin and skin structure infections,
genitourinary tract infections, bone and joint infections,
septicemia, and meningitis caused by susceptible
organisms.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin
antibiotics
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia; erythema multiforme,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis;
thrombocytopenia; anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reaction;
interstitial nephritis
Dosage: Adult: 750 mg to 1.5 g IV/IM Q8H. Children (>3
months): 50-240 mg/kg/day IV/IM Q6-8H
Supply: Inj 750 mg/vial
08:12.06.12 Third Generation Cephalosporins
Ceftazidime - Sintum(ISINTU)
Indication: Ceftazidime is used for the treatment of

lower respiratory tract, skin, urinary tract, bone and joint
infections; gynecologic infection, intra-abdominal
infection, septicemia and CNS infection.
Place in therapy: Ceftazidime should be added to the
hospital formulary due to its equivalent or better activity
than other third-generation agents against
Enterobacteriaceae and superior activity against
Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Contraindication: Patients with known hypersensitivity
to cephalosporins.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain and metallic taste, eosinophilia,
thrombocytosis.
Dosage: Adult: 0.5-2 g IV/IM Q8H. Children: 1
month-12years 30 to 50 mg/kg IV Q8H, MAX 6 g/day;
0-4 weeks 30 mg/kg IV Q12H
Supply: Inj 1 gm/vial
10 - - 11 - -
increased prothrombin time, neurological disturbances,
super-infection, acute and potentially fatal renal failure.
Dosage: Adult 0.5 2 g Q6-12H, in severe infections 6 g/day;
maximum daily dose: 6 12 g. Children: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day in
divided doses.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Veterin), 1gm/vial (Winzolin)
Cephalexin monohydrate-Ceflexin(OCEF5) Winlex
(OWINL) Cephalexin(ICEPH)
Indication: Against both gram positive and negative

organisms, but less potent
Contraindication: Same as cefazolin.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and
abdominal discomfort. Skin rashes, eosinophilia and
neutropenia, rise in serum aminotransferases,
superinfection (particularly candida).
Dosage: Adults: 250-500 mg orally Q6H, maximum dose
up to 4 g/day. Children: 25-100 mg/kg/day divided into 4
doses, maximum dose up to 3 g/day.
Cephradine-S-60(IS60)
Indication: First-generation cephalosporin for

gram-positive and gram-negative infections in the
respiratory tract, skin and soft tissue, urinary tract and
otitis media.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephradine or
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, neutropenia, eosinophilia,
thrombophlebitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, pseudomembranous colitis, and cutaneous and
allergic reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5 g~1 g Q6H, IV/IM. (MAX: 8 gm/day).
Children: 50-100 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses, MAX: 4
gm/day.
Supply: Inj 1g/vial
08:12.06.08 Second Generation Cephalosporins
Cefuroxime sodium-Cefuroxime (ICEF7)
Indication: Lower respiratory tract infections (including

pneumonia), serious skin and skin structure infections,
genitourinary tract infections, bone and joint infections,
septicemia, and meningitis caused by susceptible
organisms.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporin
antibiotics
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia; erythema multiforme,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis;
thrombocytopenia; anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity reaction;
interstitial nephritis
Dosage: Adult: 750 mg to 1.5 g IV/IM Q8H. Children (>3
months): 50-240 mg/kg/day IV/IM Q6-8H
08:12.06.12 Third Generation Cephalosporins
Ceftazidime - Sintum(ISINTU)
Indication: Ceftazidime is used for the treatment of

lower respiratory tract, skin, urinary tract, bone and joint
infections; gynecologic infection, intra-abdominal
infection, septicemia and CNS infection.
Place in therapy: Ceftazidime should be added to the
hospital formulary due to its equivalent or better activity
than other third-generation agents against
Enterobacteriaceae and superior activity against
to cephalosporins.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, diarrhea, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain and metallic taste, eosinophilia,
thrombocytosis.
Dosage: Adult: 0.5-2 g IV/IM Q8H. Children: 1
month-12years 30 to 50 mg/kg IV Q8H, MAX 6 g/day;
0-4 weeks 30 mg/kg IV Q12H
12 - - 13 - -
Ceftriaxone sodium-Rocephin(IROCE) Sintrix(ISINT)
Indication: Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of

respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, ear, nose and
throat infections, renal and urinary tract infections,
meningitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic
dermatitis, eosinophilia, hematoma or bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.
Dosage: Adult: 1 - 2 g once daily or in divided doses
twice a day, maximum 4 g/day. Children: 50 75
mg/kg/day Q12H, maximun 2 g/day
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Rocephin), 1 gm/vial (Sintrix)
08:12.06.16 Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
Cefepime-Maxipime(IMAXI) Antifect (IANTI)
Indication: It has good Gram (-) coverage similar to third

generation cephalosporins but better Gram (+) coverage.
Place in therapy: Cefepime may prove useful as an
alternative to existing third-generation cephalosporins.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cefepime or other
cephalosporin antibiotics.
Adverse effect: Phlebitis may occur and resolves upon
discontinuation of therapy. Headache, blurred vision,
lightheadedness, dyspepsia, and antibiotic-associated
diarrhea may occur. Although transient elevations in
serum transaminases may occur, no clinical
hepatotoxicity has been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 1 g-2 g IV Q12H. Children: 50 mg/kg
Q12H, MAX 2 g/dose.
Pharmacokinetics: Cefepime penetrates into
inflammatory fluid at concentrations approximately 80%
of serum levels, and into bronchial mucosa at levels
approximately 60% of those reached in the plasma.
Supply: Inj 500mg/vial (Maxipime), 1 g/vial (Antifect)
08:12.07 Miscellaneous
-Lactam Antibiotics
08:12.07.08 Carbapenems
Ertapenem-Invanz (IINVA)
Indication: Entapenem is used for treatment of

moderate to severe infections, including complicated
intra-abdominal and acute pelvic infections, complicated
skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired
pneumonia, and complicated urinary tract infections,
caused by susceptible organisms.
Place in therapy: It should be considered mainly in
patients with severe infections due to resistant
gram-negative pathogens, particularly multiresistant
Enterobacteriaceae. Ertapenem is not indicated in
pseudomonal or enterococcal infections.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, infused vein complication,
nausea, headache, vaginitis, phlebitis or
thrombophlebitis, and vomiting.
Dosage: Adult: 1 g IV/IM QD. Children: 3 months-12
years 15 mg/kg IM/IV Q12H, MAX 1 g/day
Imipenem/cilastatin-Tienam(ITIE5)
Indication: Imipenem is indicated in treating severe

infections due to multi-resistant organisms. Alone, or in
combination with an aminoglycoside, it can be used for
serious mixed infections including pulmonary,
intra-abdominal and soft-tissue infections. Imipenem is
more potent than third generation cephalosporins against
Contraindication: Use with caution in patients with a
history of hypersensitivity reaction to penicillins.
Adverse effect: Increment in hepatic function tests
occurred commonl y; but no reports of defi ni te l i ver
damage have been observed.
Dosage: IV Infusion, 250 mg-1 gm q6-8h, maxium 50
mg/kg/day or 4 g/day, the infusion time of 250 or 500 mg
is over 20-30 mins and 1 g is over 40-60 mins
12 - - 13 - -
Ceftriaxone sodium-Rocephin(IROCE) Sintrix(ISINT)
Indication: Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of

respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, ear, nose and
throat infections, renal and urinary tract infections,
meningitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cephalosporins.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, allergic
dermatitis, eosinophilia, hematoma or bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, leukopenia.
Dosage: Adult: 1 - 2 g once daily or in divided doses
twice a day, maximum 4 g/day. Children: 50 75
mg/kg/day Q12H, maximun 2 g/day
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Rocephin), 1 gm/vial (Sintrix)
08:12.06.16 Fourth Generation Cephalosporins
Cefepime-Maxipime(IMAXI) Antifect (IANTI)
Indication: It has good Gram (-) coverage similar to third

generation cephalosporins but better Gram (+) coverage.
Place in therapy: Cefepime may prove useful as an
alternative to existing third-generation cephalosporins.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cefepime or other
cephalosporin antibiotics.
Adverse effect: Phlebitis may occur and resolves upon
discontinuation of therapy. Headache, blurred vision,
lightheadedness, dyspepsia, and antibiotic-associated
diarrhea may occur. Although transient elevations in
serum transaminases may occur, no clinical
hepatotoxicity has been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 1 g-2 g IV Q12H. Children: 50 mg/kg
Q12H, MAX 2 g/dose.
Pharmacokinetics: Cefepime penetrates into
inflammatory fluid at concentrations approximately 80%
of serum levels, and into bronchial mucosa at levels
approximately 60% of those reached in the plasma.
Supply: Inj 500mg/vial (Maxipime), 1 g/vial (Antifect)
08:12.07 Miscellaneous
-Lactam Antibiotics
08:12.07.08 Carbapenems
Ertapenem-Invanz (IINVA)
Indication: Entapenem is used for treatment of

moderate to severe infections, including complicated
intra-abdominal and acute pelvic infections, complicated
skin and skin structure infections, community-acquired
pneumonia, and complicated urinary tract infections,
caused by susceptible organisms.
Place in therapy: It should be considered mainly in
patients with severe infections due to resistant
gram-negative pathogens, particularly multiresistant
Enterobacteriaceae. Ertapenem is not indicated in
pseudomonal or enterococcal infections.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, infused vein complication,
nausea, headache, vaginitis, phlebitis or
thrombophlebitis, and vomiting.
Dosage: Adult: 1 g IV/IM QD. Children: 3 months-12
years 15 mg/kg IM/IV Q12H, MAX 1 g/day
Imipenem/cilastatin-Tienam(ITIE5)
Indication: Imipenem is indicated in treating severe

infections due to multi-resistant organisms. Alone, or in
combination with an aminoglycoside, it can be used for
serious mixed infections including pulmonary,
intra-abdominal and soft-tissue infections. Imipenem is
more potent than third generation cephalosporins against
Contraindication: Use with caution in patients with a
history of hypersensitivity reaction to penicillins.
Adverse effect: Increment in hepatic function tests
occurred commonl y; but no reports of defi ni te l i ver
damage have been observed.
Dosage: IV Infusion, 250 mg-1 gm q6-8h, maxium 50
mg/kg/day or 4 g/day, the infusion time of 250 or 500 mg
is over 20-30 mins and 1 g is over 40-60 mins
14 - - 15 - -
Supply: Inj imipenem 500 mg/cilastatin 500 mg
Meropenem trihydrate-Mepem(IMEPE)
Indication: Meropenem has demonstrated effi cacy

comparable to that of imipenem/cilastatin in
intraabdominal and soft tissue infections; it has also
shown usefulness in febrile neutropenia, urinary tract
infections, and Pseudomonas meningitis.
Place in therapy: The primary indications for
meropenem will be for the treatment of mixed infections
usually requiring antibiotic combinations (eg,
intra-abdominal infections, pulmonary infections) and
infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram (-)
pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to meropenem; use
with caution to patient with renal impairment or epileptic
patients and patients with neurological disorders or liver
dysfunction (possible hepatotoxic effects)
Adverse effect: Headache, nausea, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, and liver function test abnormalities have been
reported with meropenem; there is some evidence that
meropenem may be less likely than imipenem to induce
seizures.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5-1 g IV Q8H; for meningitis 2 g IV
Q8H. Children: IV 20 mg/kg Q8H intra-abdominal
infections; 40 mg/kg Q8H for meningitis.
08:12.07.12 Cephamycins
Flomoxef sodium-Flumarin (IFLUM)
Indication: Meningitis; neonatal infectious disorder;
respiratory tract infection; urinary tract infectious disease
Place in therapy: Flomoxef has broad spectrum of
activity suggests that it may be of considerable value in
the treatment of a variety of serious infections, including
those caused by gram-positive, gram-negative, and
anaerobic bacteria. It is ineffective against
Pseudomonas spp or other gram-negative nonfermenter.
In addition, omoxef may be an attractive alternative to
other beta-lactam antibiotics because of its relative lack
of inuence on coagulation parameters and platelet
function compared to some similar agents. In addition, it
appears to induce less production of
chromosomal-mediated beta-lactamases than other
cephalosporins, and may be useful in controlling
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitivity to omoxef
and other beta-lactam antibiotics
Adverse effect: Laboratory abnormality of omoxef
include transient eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, slight
reductions in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit,
leukocyte count and elevation in serum hepatic
transaminases have been reported rarely. Flomoxef has
not been associated with bleeding disorders. Other
adverse effects include loose stools, stomatitis, and
numbness of the tongue have occurred in some patients.
Hepatotoxicity has not been reported. Rash and urticaria
have occurred. Flomoxef has not been shown to
interfere with ethanol metabolism or to cause
disulram-like reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 1-2 g IV BID. Children: 20 to 150 mg/kg
IV 3 times daily
Pharmacokinetics: Flomoxef distributes well into soft
tissues, middle ear tissues, sputum, and cerebrospinal
uid
Supply: Inj 0.5 g/vial
Cefoxitin -Lofatin(ILOFA)
Indication: It is primarily effective for mixed aerobic and

anaerobic bacterial infections where Bacteroides fragilis
may be present, such as lower respiratory tract infections,
intra-abdominal infections, and gynecologic infections.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity reactions to cefoxitin
or other cephalosporin antibiotics should not receive the
drug.
14 - - 15 - -
Supply: Inj imipenem 500 mg/cilastatin 500 mg
Meropenem trihydrate-Mepem(IMEPE)
Indication: Meropenem has demonstrated effi cacy

comparable to that of imipenem/cilastatin in
intraabdominal and soft tissue infections; it has also
shown usefulness in febrile neutropenia, urinary tract
infections, and Pseudomonas meningitis.
Place in therapy: The primary indications for
meropenem will be for the treatment of mixed infections
usually requiring antibiotic combinations (eg,
intra-abdominal infections, pulmonary infections) and
infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram (-)
pathogens, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to meropenem; use
with caution to patient with renal impairment or epileptic
patients and patients with neurological disorders or liver
dysfunction (possible hepatotoxic effects)
Adverse effect: Headache, nausea, abdominal pain,
diarrhea, and liver function test abnormalities have been
reported with meropenem; there is some evidence that
meropenem may be less likely than imipenem to induce
seizures.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5-1 g IV Q8H; for meningitis 2 g IV
Q8H. Children: IV 20 mg/kg Q8H intra-abdominal
infections; 40 mg/kg Q8H for meningitis.
08:12.07.12 Cephamycins
Flomoxef sodium-Flumarin (IFLUM)
Indication: Meningitis; neonatal infectious disorder;
respiratory tract infection; urinary tract infectious disease
Place in therapy: Flomoxef has broad spectrum of
activity suggests that it may be of considerable value in
the treatment of a variety of serious infections, including
those caused by gram-positive, gram-negative, and
anaerobic bacteria. It is ineffective against
Pseudomonas spp or other gram-negative nonfermenter.
In addition, omoxef may be an attractive alternative to
other beta-lactam antibiotics because of its relative lack
of inuence on coagulation parameters and platelet
function compared to some similar agents. In addition, it
appears to induce less production of
chromosomal-mediated beta-lactamases than other
cephalosporins, and may be useful in controlling
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitivity to omoxef
and other beta-lactam antibiotics
Adverse effect: Laboratory abnormality of omoxef
include transient eosinophilia, thrombocytosis, slight
reductions in erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, hematocrit,
leukocyte count and elevation in serum hepatic
transaminases have been reported rarely. Flomoxef has
not been associated with bleeding disorders. Other
adverse effects include loose stools, stomatitis, and
numbness of the tongue have occurred in some patients.
Hepatotoxicity has not been reported. Rash and urticaria
have occurred. Flomoxef has not been shown to
interfere with ethanol metabolism or to cause
disulram-like reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 1-2 g IV BID. Children: 20 to 150 mg/kg
IV 3 times daily
Pharmacokinetics: Flomoxef distributes well into soft
tissues, middle ear tissues, sputum, and cerebrospinal
uid
Cefoxitin -Lofatin(ILOFA)
Indication: It is primarily effective for mixed aerobic and

anaerobic bacterial infections where Bacteroides fragilis
may be present, such as lower respiratory tract infections,
intra-abdominal infections, and gynecologic infections.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity reactions to cefoxitin
or other cephalosporin antibiotics should not receive the
drug.
16 - - 17 - -
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia,
granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombophlebitis,
central nervous system effects (dizziness, vertigo),
gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
stomatitis, pseudomembranous colitis), nephrotoxicity,
increased serum transaminases, dermatologic effects,
and hypersensitivity reactions.
Dosage: Adult: 1 2 g IV or IM Q6 - 8H. In severe
infections: 2 g IV Q4H or 3 g IV Q6H. Children (>3
months): 80 to 160 mg/kg/day Q4-6H, maximum dosage
12 g/day.
08.12.08 Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol-Chlormycin (OCHLO)
(
)Chloramphenicol(ILYOK)
Indication: Against a wide range of Gram (-) and (+)

organisms, including Salmonella typhi, Haemophilus
i nfl uenzae, Nei sseri a meni ngi ti des, and Bordetel l a
pertussis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity or toxic reactions,
reduce doses to patients with impaired liver function,
enhances the effects of coumarin anticoagulants, some
hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin.
Adverse effect: Depression of the bone marrow,
irreversible aplastic anemia, haemolytic anemia.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg Q6H or 50 mg/kg/day continued
for 2 or 3 days. Children: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day Q6H, up to
100 mg/kg/day.
08:12.12 Macrolides
Erythromycin estolate-Erymycin(OERYT)
Indication: Active against most G(+)and some G(-)

bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Hemolytic Streptococci,
Diphtheria bacillus are sensitive.
Contraindication: Pregnancy and hypersensitivity, use
with caution to patient with pre-existing liver disease.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, GI upsets, cholestatic
hepatitis.
Dosage: Adults: 250 500 mg Q6H, up to 4 g/day.
Children: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day PO Q6H
Supply: Cap 250 mg

Azithromycin-Zithromax(OZITH)
Indication: It is effective in treating uncomplicated skin

infections, upper and lower urinary tract infections,
atypical and community acquired pneumonia.
Place in therapy: A major advantage over erythromycin
is the clinical efficacy of single-dose azithromycin in
uncomplicated urethritis or cervicitis due to Chlamydia
trachomatis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to azithromycin or
other macrolide antibiotics. Caution in patients with
impaired liver function.
Adverse effect: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea occur
in high dose.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg PO QD for 3 days. Children: 10
mg/kg PO QD
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Clarithromycin K-mycin(OCLA2)
Indication: It has a similar spectrum of activity as

erythromycin. It is effective for the treatment of upper
and lower respiratory tract infections. It is also approved
for use in skin and skin structure infections, and
infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.
Place in therapy: Triple therapy including omeprazole in
combination with clarithromycin plus a third antimicrobial
(eg, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or tinidazole) or with
bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, and tetracycline
result in higher Helicobacter pylori eradication rates than
16 - - 17 - -
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia, hemolytic anemia,
granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, thrombophlebitis,
central nervous system effects (dizziness, vertigo),
gastrointestinal effects (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea,
stomatitis, pseudomembranous colitis), nephrotoxicity,
increased serum transaminases, dermatologic effects,
and hypersensitivity reactions.
Dosage: Adult: 1 2 g IV or IM Q6 - 8H. In severe
infections: 2 g IV Q4H or 3 g IV Q6H. Children (>3
months): 80 to 160 mg/kg/day Q4-6H, maximum dosage
12 g/day.
08.12.08 Chloramphenicol
Chloramphenicol-Chlormycin (OCHLO)
(
)Chloramphenicol(ILYOK)
Indication: Against a wide range of Gram (-) and (+)

organisms, including Salmonella typhi, Haemophilus
i nfl uenzae, Nei sseri a meni ngi ti des, and Bordetel l a
pertussis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity or toxic reactions,
reduce doses to patients with impaired liver function,
enhances the effects of coumarin anticoagulants, some
hypoglycemic agents and phenytoin.
Adverse effect: Depression of the bone marrow,
irreversible aplastic anemia, haemolytic anemia.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg Q6H or 50 mg/kg/day continued
for 2 or 3 days. Children: 25 - 50 mg/kg/day Q6H, up to
100 mg/kg/day.
08:12.12 Macrolides
Erythromycin estolate-Erymycin(OERYT)
Indication: Active against most G(+)and some G(-)

bacteria, including Mycoplasma pneumoniae,
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae,
Staphylococcus aureus, Hemolytic Streptococci,
Diphtheria bacillus are sensitive.
Contraindication: Pregnancy and hypersensitivity, use
with caution to patient with pre-existing liver disease.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, GI upsets, cholestatic
hepatitis.
Dosage: Adults: 250 500 mg Q6H, up to 4 g/day.
Children: 30 - 50 mg/kg/day PO Q6H
Supply: Cap 250 mg

Azithromycin-Zithromax(OZITH)
Indication: It is effective in treating uncomplicated skin

infections, upper and lower urinary tract infections,
atypical and community acquired pneumonia.
Place in therapy: A major advantage over erythromycin
is the clinical efficacy of single-dose azithromycin in
uncomplicated urethritis or cervicitis due to Chlamydia
trachomatis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to azithromycin or
other macrolide antibiotics. Caution in patients with
impaired liver function.
Adverse effect: Abdominal pain, diarrhea, and nausea occur
in high dose.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg PO QD for 3 days. Children: 10
mg/kg PO QD
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Clarithromycin K-mycin(OCLA2)
Indication: It has a similar spectrum of activity as

erythromycin. It is effective for the treatment of upper
and lower respiratory tract infections. It is also approved
for use in skin and skin structure infections, and
infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex.
Place in therapy: Triple therapy including omeprazole in
combination with clarithromycin plus a third antimicrobial
(eg, amoxicillin, metronidazole, or tinidazole) or with
bismuth subsalicylate, metronidazole, and tetracycline
result in higher Helicobacter pylori eradication rates than
18 - - 19 - -
that reported with dual therapy regimens.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to erythromycin and
use with caution in patients with marked renal or hepatic
impairment.
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia, prolong prothrombin time,
decreased white blood cell, thrombocytopenia,
headache, epigastritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, taste
disturbance, hemauria, proteinuria, rash urticaria.
Dosage: Adults: 250 to 500 mg BID. Children: 5 to 10
mg/kg/day.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08:12.16 Penicillins
Penicillin G sodium-Penicillin G(IPEN3)
Indication: Organisms that sensitive to penicillin G:

Actinomyces israelii, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp.,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae, Neisseria spp., Leptospira
monocytogenes, Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus
moniliformis, Treponema spp., and some Staphylococci,
Streptococci and a few of the large viruses.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to penicillin
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction, hemolytic anemia,
prolongation of bleeding time and defective platelet function,
CNS toxicity.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: For mild and moderate
infections: 4 12 MU/day. For severe infections: 6-40
MU/day in divided dose.
Supply: Inj 3MU/vial
Benzathine benzyl penicillin-Retarpen(ITRIC)
Indication: Streptococcal infections (group A without

bacteremia), mild to moderate infections of the upper
respiratory tract, Venereal infections, prophylaxis of
rheumatic fever and/or chorea, also prophylactic therapy
for rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to penicillins.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, rash,
leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
neuropathy, nephropathy.
Dosage: IM only. For URI, adults: 1,200,000 U as a
single dose. Children (> 27.3kg): 900,000 U as a single
dose, children & infants (< 27.3kg): 300,000-600,000 U
as a single dose. For syphilis, adult: 2,400,000 U as a
single dose for early syphilis, 2,400,000-3,000,000 U
once a week for 2-3 weeks; congenital syphilis: Infants &
children up to 2 yrs of age, 50,000 U/kg as a single dose,
children 2-12 yrs of age, adjust dosage on the basis of
usual adult dose. Streptococcal prophylaxis: 1,200,000
U/month, or 600,000 U/2 weeks.
Supply: Inj 2.4 MU/vial
Amoxicillin-Supercillin (OSUPE)
Indication: Same as ampicillin, bactericidal slightly more

active than ampicillin against some Streptococci and
Salmonella spp, but less active agaisnt Shigella spp.
Contraindication: Same as ampicillin.
Adverse effect: Same as ampicillin.
Dosage: Adults: PO 250 500 mg Q8H; maximum
daily dose: 4.5 g; Children: under 20 kg, 20 40
mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Amoxicillin/clavulanate-Augmentin (Syrup)
(OAUGM)(BAUGME)Augcin(IAMOX)Amoclavunin
(IAMOC)
Indication: Infections caused by susceptible organisms

same as amoxicillin in addition to beta-lactamase
producing M catarrhalis, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae,
and S. aureus (not MRSA)
Contraindication: Hypersenstivity to amoxicillin,
clavulanic acid or penicillin; concomitant use of alcohol.
Adverse effects: Headache, rash, urticaria, nausea,
vomiting pseudomembranous colitis, vaginal candidiasis,
diarrhea (9%).
18 - - 19 - -
that reported with dual therapy regimens.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to erythromycin and
use with caution in patients with marked renal or hepatic
impairment.
Adverse effect: Eosinophilia, prolong prothrombin time,
decreased white blood cell, thrombocytopenia,
headache, epigastritis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, taste
disturbance, hemauria, proteinuria, rash urticaria.
Dosage: Adults: 250 to 500 mg BID. Children: 5 to 10
mg/kg/day.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08:12.16 Penicillins
Penicillin G sodium-Penicillin G(IPEN3)
Indication: Organisms that sensitive to penicillin G:

Actinomyces israelii, Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium spp.,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae, Neisseria spp., Leptospira
monocytogenes, Spirillum minus, Streptobacillus
moniliformis, Treponema spp., and some Staphylococci,
Streptococci and a few of the large viruses.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to penicillin
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction, hemolytic anemia,
prolongation of bleeding time and defective platelet function,
CNS toxicity.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: For mild and moderate
infections: 4 12 MU/day. For severe infections: 6-40
MU/day in divided dose.
Supply: Inj 3MU/vial
Benzathine benzyl penicillin-Retarpen(ITRIC)
Indication: Streptococcal infections (group A without

bacteremia), mild to moderate infections of the upper
respiratory tract, Venereal infections, prophylaxis of
rheumatic fever and/or chorea, also prophylactic therapy
for rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, rash,
leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia,
neuropathy, nephropathy.
Dosage: IM only. For URI, adults: 1,200,000 U as a
single dose. Children (> 27.3kg): 900,000 U as a single
dose, children & infants (< 27.3kg): 300,000-600,000 U
as a single dose. For syphilis, adult: 2,400,000 U as a
single dose for early syphilis, 2,400,000-3,000,000 U
once a week for 2-3 weeks; congenital syphilis: Infants &
children up to 2 yrs of age, 50,000 U/kg as a single dose,
children 2-12 yrs of age, adjust dosage on the basis of
usual adult dose. Streptococcal prophylaxis: 1,200,000
U/month, or 600,000 U/2 weeks.
Supply: Inj 2.4 MU/vial
Amoxicillin-Supercillin (OSUPE)
Indication: Same as ampicillin, bactericidal slightly more

active than ampicillin against some Streptococci and
Salmonella spp, but less active agaisnt Shigella spp.
Contraindication: Same as ampicillin.
Adverse effect: Same as ampicillin.
Dosage: Adults: PO 250 500 mg Q8H; maximum
daily dose: 4.5 g; Children: under 20 kg, 20 40
mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses.
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Amoxicillin/clavulanate-Augmentin (Syrup)
(OAUGM)(BAUGME)Augcin(IAMOX)Amoclavunin
(IAMOC)
Indication: Infections caused by susceptible organisms

same as amoxicillin in addition to beta-lactamase
producing M catarrhalis, H. influenzae, N. gonorrhoeae,
and S. aureus (not MRSA)
Contraindication: Hypersenstivity to amoxicillin,
clavulanic acid or penicillin; concomitant use of alcohol.
Adverse effects: Headache, rash, urticaria, nausea,
vomiting pseudomembranous colitis, vaginal candidiasis,
diarrhea (9%).
20 - - 21 - -
Dosage: Adults & children >12 y/o: PO 1 Tab TID; inj 1.2 g
Q8-6H. Children 7-12 y/o: 10 ml Syr BID, 2-6 y/o: 5 ml
Syr BID, 2 months-2 years: 25-45 mg/kg/day Syr BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg potassium
clavulanate (Augmentin); Syr each 5 ml contains 400 mg
amoxicillin + 57 mg potassium clavulanate, 35ml/bot; Inj
1.2 gm: each vial contain 1gm amoxicillin + 200 mg
potassium clavulanate (Augcin), Inj 0.6 gm: each vial
contain 0.5 gm amoxicillin + 100 mg potassium
clavulanate (Amoclavunin)
Ampicillin-Ampicillin(OAMP5)Ampolin(IAMPI)
Indication: Bactericidal against Gram (+) organisms,

including Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus inuenzae, Salmonella, E. coli,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides, Proteus
mirabilis, Brucella spp, Shigella.
Contraindication: Not to be used in patients sensitive to
penicillins.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, skin rashes, urticaria,
maculopapular, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, raised serum
aminotransferase, pseudomembranous colitis,
superinfections with Pseudomonas and Candida.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: Infection due to Gram (+)
organisms & Haemophilis inuenzae: 250 500 mg Q6H. GI
and urinary tract infection due to G (-) organisms: 500 750
mg Q6 - 8H. Enteric infection: 1 2 g Q6H.
Supply: Cap 500 mg; Inj 500 mg/vial
Ampicillin/sulbactam-Unasyn(IUNA1) Ansullina
(IANSU) Subacillin (ISUBA)
Indication: It is an antibiotic combination, comprised of

ampicillin and a beta-lactamase inhibitor-sulbactam.
Besides the inhibition effects of ampicillin sensitive
microorganisms, the resistant strains: S. aureus, S.
epidermidis, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, N.
gonorrhea, Klebsiella spp. E coli, E aerogenes, Proteus spp,
and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are inhibited.
Contraindication: Severe hypersensitivity to penicillin.
Adverse effect: Similar to those seen with ampicillin
alone, the most common of which are diarrhea and
maculopapular rash.
Dosage: Adults: 1.5-12 g/day, in divided Q6-8H.
Children: 150 mg/kg/day, in divided Q6-8H
Supply: Inj 1.5 g/vial: ampicillin 1000mg + sulbactam
500mg

Cloxacillin-Cloxacillin (OCLOX)
Indication: Active against most Gram (+) organisms and

Neisseria spp. Activity is less than other penicillins. Effective
to those infections caused by penicilln-resistant
Staphylococci and Streptococci.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to penicillins, used
with caution in jaundiced neonates.
Adverse effect: As for benzylpenicillin. Febrile reaction.
Dosage: 500 mg Q6H.
Supply: Cap 250 mg (0.6 mEq of Na/Cap)
Oxacillin Sodium-Prostaphlin(IPROS)

Indication: Similar to cloxacillin.
Contraindication: Same as cloxacillin.
Adverse effect: As for benzyl penicillin, increased serum
SGOT and SGPT, neutropenia, haematuria, albuminuria
and uraemia occurred in infants.
Dosage: Adult, IM or IV 0.25-1 g Q4-6H; maximum dose:
6 g/day. Newborn and premature infants: 25 mg/kg/day in
divided doses.
Flucloxacillin sodium-Flucloxacillin(IFLUC)
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea & antibiotic-associated colitis, hepatitis
& cholestatic jaundice.
Dosage: Adult: IM 250-500 mg Q6H; slow IV inj or IV
20 - - 21 - -
Dosage: Adults & children >12 y/o: PO 1 Tab TID; inj 1.2 g
Q8-6H. Children 7-12 y/o: 10 ml Syr BID, 2-6 y/o: 5 ml
Syr BID, 2 months-2 years: 25-45 mg/kg/day Syr BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg amoxicillin + 125 mg potassium
clavulanate (Augmentin); Syr each 5 ml contains 400 mg
amoxicillin + 57 mg potassium clavulanate, 35ml/bot; Inj
1.2 gm: each vial contain 1gm amoxicillin + 200 mg
potassium clavulanate (Augcin), Inj 0.6 gm: each vial
contain 0.5 gm amoxicillin + 100 mg potassium
clavulanate (Amoclavunin)
Ampicillin-Ampicillin(OAMP5)Ampolin(IAMPI)
Indication: Bactericidal against Gram (+) organisms,

including Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Haemophilus inuenzae, Salmonella, E. coli,
Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitides, Proteus
mirabilis, Brucella spp, Shigella.
Contraindication: Not to be used in patients sensitive to
penicillins.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction, skin rashes, urticaria,
maculopapular, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, raised serum
aminotransferase, pseudomembranous colitis,
superinfections with Pseudomonas and Candida.
Dosage: Normal Dosage: Infection due to Gram (+)
organisms & Haemophilis inuenzae: 250 500 mg Q6H. GI
and urinary tract infection due to G (-) organisms: 500 750
mg Q6 - 8H. Enteric infection: 1 2 g Q6H.
Supply: Cap 500 mg; Inj 500 mg/vial
Ampicillin/sulbactam-Unasyn(IUNA1) Ansullina
(IANSU) Subacillin (ISUBA)
Indication: It is an antibiotic combination, comprised of

ampicillin and a beta-lactamase inhibitor-sulbactam.
Besides the inhibition effects of ampicillin sensitive
microorganisms, the resistant strains: S. aureus, S.
epidermidis, H. influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, N.
gonorrhea, Klebsiella spp. E coli, E aerogenes, Proteus spp,
and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus are inhibited.
Contraindication: Severe hypersensitivity to penicillin.
Adverse effect: Similar to those seen with ampicillin
alone, the most common of which are diarrhea and
maculopapular rash.
Dosage: Adults: 1.5-12 g/day, in divided Q6-8H.
Children: 150 mg/kg/day, in divided Q6-8H
Supply: Inj 1.5 g/vial: ampicillin 1000mg + sulbactam
500mg

Cloxacillin-Cloxacillin (OCLOX)
Indication: Active against most Gram (+) organisms and

Neisseria spp. Activity is less than other penicillins. Effective
to those infections caused by penicilln-resistant
Staphylococci and Streptococci.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to penicillins, used
with caution in jaundiced neonates.
Adverse effect: As for benzylpenicillin. Febrile reaction.
Dosage: 500 mg Q6H.
Supply: Cap 250 mg (0.6 mEq of Na/Cap)
Oxacillin Sodium-Prostaphlin(IPROS)

Contraindication: Same as cloxacillin.
Adverse effect: As for benzyl penicillin, increased serum
SGOT and SGPT, neutropenia, haematuria, albuminuria
and uraemia occurred in infants.
Dosage: Adult, IM or IV 0.25-1 g Q4-6H; maximum dose:
6 g/day. Newborn and premature infants: 25 mg/kg/day in
divided doses.
Flucloxacillin sodium-Flucloxacillin(IFLUC)
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, nausea,
vomiting, diarrhea & antibiotic-associated colitis, hepatitis
& cholestatic jaundice.
Dosage: Adult: IM 250-500 mg Q6H; slow IV inj or IV
22 - - 23 - -
infusion 250 mg-2 g Q6H.
Piperacillin Sodium-Pitamycin (IPITA)
Indication: Piperacillin has been effective in the

treatment of a variety of gram-positive, gram-negative,
and Pseudomonal infections. The primary use of
piperacillin is in the treatment of serious Pseudomonal
infections resistant to carbenicillin or ticarcillin, in
combination with an aminoglycoside.
Place in therapy: Piperacillin should be reserved for
carbenicillin or ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infections in combination with an
aminoglycoside.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any of the penicillins
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include neutropenia,
eosinophilia, hypokalemia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, nephrotoxicity, elevated serum
transaminases, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 2-4 g, IVQ6-8H
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life ranges from 0.5
to 1.5 h, and increases in patients with renal failure.
Supply: Inj 2 g/vial
Piperacillin/tazobactam-Tapimycin(ITAPI)
Indication: Piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium has a

wide spectrum of activity to against many gram-positive,
-negative and anaerobic bacteria. In vitro studies,
piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium dose not result in
synergism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that the
currently recommended dosage generally are too low to
be effective in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Place in therapy: It has been successfully used in the
treatment of infections such as cellulites, appendicitis,
community-acquired pneumonia, and gynecologic
infections. It is ineffective against MRSA and does not
offer any major advantages in the treatment of Gram (+)
organisms.
Contraindication: Patients with a prior history of
hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics or to
beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Adverse effect: The most frequent adverse effects
reported are GI effects (diarrhea, nausea, constipation,
headache, and dermatological reactions (rash, pruritus, and
fever). In some cases, leukopenia and neutropenia occurred
after 21 days of therapy.
Dosage: Adults: 12 g-15 g/day IV in divided doses.
Supply: Inj 2.25 gm/vial, each vial contains Piperacillin
sodium 2 gm and Tazobactam sodium 0.25 gm

08.12.18 Quinolones
Ciprooxacin-Ciproxin(OCIPRO)(ICIP1)
Superocin(OCIP2) Cinolone(ICINO)
Indication: Bacterial infections caused by Ciprofloxacin

sensitive pathogens
Pharmacology: Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with a
broad antibacterial spectrum. Fluoroquinolones inhibit
bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA
replication, and thus inhibit DNA supercoiling.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ciprooxacin or
other quinolones. Ciprofloxacin can cause arthropathy in
immature animal; it should not be used in children or
adolescents (younger than 16-18 years of age).
Adverse effect: Headache (I.V. administration),
restlessness (I.V. administration), rash, nausea, diarrhea,
vomiting, ALT/AST increased.
Administration: Oral: May administer with food to
minimize GI upset; avoid antacid use; administer
ciprooxacin at least 2 hrs before or 6 hrs after antacids
or other products containing calcium, iron, or zinc.
Parenteral: administer by slow I.V. infusion over 60
minutes to reduce the risk of venous irritation (burning,
pain, erythema, and swelling).
Dosage: For urinary tract infections: Oral, 250-500mg
q12h for 7-14 days; IV infusion over 60 mins, 200-400mg
22 - - 23 - -
infusion 250 mg-2 g Q6H.
Piperacillin Sodium-Pitamycin (IPITA)
Indication: Piperacillin has been effective in the

treatment of a variety of gram-positive, gram-negative,
and Pseudomonal infections. The primary use of
piperacillin is in the treatment of serious Pseudomonal
infections resistant to carbenicillin or ticarcillin, in
combination with an aminoglycoside.
Place in therapy: Piperacillin should be reserved for
carbenicillin or ticarcillin-resistant Pseudomonas
aeruginosa infections in combination with an
aminoglycoside.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any of the penicillins
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include neutropenia,
eosinophilia, hypokalemia, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting,
abdominal pain, nephrotoxicity, elevated serum
transaminases, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Dosage: Adults: 2-4 g, IVQ6-8H
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life ranges from 0.5
to 1.5 h, and increases in patients with renal failure.
Supply: Inj 2 g/vial
Piperacillin/tazobactam-Tapimycin(ITAPI)
Indication: Piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium has a

wide spectrum of activity to against many gram-positive,
-negative and anaerobic bacteria. In vitro studies,
piperacillin sodium/tazobactam sodium dose not result in
synergism against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and that the
currently recommended dosage generally are too low to
be effective in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Place in therapy: It has been successfully used in the
treatment of infections such as cellulites, appendicitis,
community-acquired pneumonia, and gynecologic
infections. It is ineffective against MRSA and does not
offer any major advantages in the treatment of Gram (+)
organisms.
Contraindication: Patients with a prior history of
hypersensitivity to beta-lactam antibiotics or to
beta-lactamase inhibitors.
Adverse effect: The most frequent adverse effects
reported are GI effects (diarrhea, nausea, constipation,
headache, and dermatological reactions (rash, pruritus, and
fever). In some cases, leukopenia and neutropenia occurred
after 21 days of therapy.
Dosage: Adults: 12 g-15 g/day IV in divided doses.
Supply: Inj 2.25 gm/vial, each vial contains Piperacillin
sodium 2 gm and Tazobactam sodium 0.25 gm

08.12.18 Quinolones
Ciprooxacin-Ciproxin(OCIPRO)(ICIP1)
Superocin(OCIP2) Cinolone(ICINO)
Indication: Bacterial infections caused by Ciprofloxacin

sensitive pathogens
Pharmacology: Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with a
broad antibacterial spectrum. Fluoroquinolones inhibit
bacterial DNA gyrase, an enzyme essential for DNA
replication, and thus inhibit DNA supercoiling.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ciprooxacin or
other quinolones. Ciprofloxacin can cause arthropathy in
immature animal; it should not be used in children or
adolescents (younger than 16-18 years of age).
Adverse effect: Headache (I.V. administration),
restlessness (I.V. administration), rash, nausea, diarrhea,
vomiting, ALT/AST increased.
Administration: Oral: May administer with food to
minimize GI upset; avoid antacid use; administer
ciprooxacin at least 2 hrs before or 6 hrs after antacids
or other products containing calcium, iron, or zinc.
minutes to reduce the risk of venous irritation (burning,
pain, erythema, and swelling).
Dosage: For urinary tract infections: Oral, 250-500mg
q12h for 7-14 days; IV infusion over 60 mins, 200-400mg
24 - - 25 - -
q12h. For respiratory tract, skin or bone and joint
infections: Oral, 500-750mg q12h; IV infusion over 60 mins,
400mg q12h f or 4-6wks. For i nf ect i ous di arrhea:
Oral, 500mg q12h for 5-7 days
Supply: Tab 250 mg (Ciproxin; Superocin); Inj 200
mg/100 ml/bot (Ciproxin; Cinolone)
Levooxacin -Cravit(OCRA5) (ICRAV)
Indication: Treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic

bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia (including
penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae), skin and
skin structure infections, and maxillary sinusitis.
Pharmacology: Levofloxavin is the active L-isomer of
ofloxacin that allow higher dosages of the active form to
be given with fewer side effects.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, other
uoroquinolones
Adverse effect: Nausea, headache, diarrhea, insomnia,
dizziness, and constipation.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg IV or ORALLY every 24 hr for
7~14 days.
Administration: IV; infuse over at least 60 minutes (250
mg and 500 mg) or 90 minutes (750 mg). Oral tablets;
may take with or without food, do NOT give within 2 hr of
antacids, sucralfate, iron, or zinc.
Supply: Tab 500 mg; Inj 500 mg/100 ml/bot
Moxioxacin -Avelox(OAVEL) (IAVEL)
Indication: Respiratory tract infections, skin and soft

tissue infections
Pharmacology: Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with a
broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity including G(+)
and G(-) organisms, Chlamydia spp, anaerobes, and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it inhibits bacterial DNA
topoisomerases required for bacterial DNA replication,
transcription, repair, and recombination.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin or
quinolones.
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, hypertension,
palpitation, QT interval prolongation, skin rash.
Administration: Oral: can be given concurrently with
food; but not with antacids containing magnesium or
aluminum or preparations containing sucralfate, metal
cations such as iron, or zinc; Oral doses should be given
at least 4 hours before or 8 hours after antacids.
minutes.
Dosage: Adults: Oral, I.V.: 400 mg every 24 hrs. Pediatric:
safety and efficacy in children less than 18 years of age
have not been established. No dosage adjustment in
renal impairment, including patients on hemodialysis or
CAPD. Not recommended in patients with severe hepatic
insufciency.
Stability: Do not refrigerate; intravenous solution
precipitates upon refrigeration
Supply: Tab 400 mg; inj 400 mg /250 ml/bottle
Pipemidic acid -Dolcol(ODOLC)
Indication: Pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis,
prostatitis shigellosis, enteritis, otitis media, sinusitis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, children, pregnancy
& lactation.
Adverse effect: GI symptoms. CNS and skin reactions.
Dosage: 500 mg-2 g/day
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08.12.20 Sulfonamides
Co-trimoxazole-Baktar (OBAKT) Sevatrim(ISEVA)

Indication: It is used for the treatment of urinary tract
infections caused by susceptible strains of E. coli,
Proteus (indole positive or negative), Klebsiella,
Enterobacter, Haemophilus inuenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and also active against
Pneumocystis carinii.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, infants younger than 2
24 - - 25 - -
q12h. For respiratory tract, skin or bone and joint
infections: Oral, 500-750mg q12h; IV infusion over 60 mins,
400mg q12h f or 4-6wks. For i nf ect i ous di arrhea:
Oral, 500mg q12h for 5-7 days
Supply: Tab 250 mg (Ciproxin; Superocin); Inj 200
mg/100 ml/bot (Ciproxin; Cinolone)
Levooxacin -Cravit(OCRA5) (ICRAV)
Indication: Treatment of urinary tract infections, chronic

bronchitis, community-acquired pneumonia (including
penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae), skin and
skin structure infections, and maxillary sinusitis.
Pharmacology: Levofloxavin is the active L-isomer of
ofloxacin that allow higher dosages of the active form to
be given with fewer side effects.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to levofloxacin, other
uoroquinolones
Adverse effect: Nausea, headache, diarrhea, insomnia,
dizziness, and constipation.
Dosage: Adults: 500 mg IV or ORALLY every 24 hr for
7~14 days.
Administration: IV; infuse over at least 60 minutes (250
mg and 500 mg) or 90 minutes (750 mg). Oral tablets;
may take with or without food, do NOT give within 2 hr of
antacids, sucralfate, iron, or zinc.
Supply: Tab 500 mg; Inj 500 mg/100 ml/bot
Moxioxacin -Avelox(OAVEL) (IAVEL)
Indication: Respiratory tract infections, skin and soft

tissue infections
Pharmacology: Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with a
broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity including G(+)
and G(-) organisms, Chlamydia spp, anaerobes, and
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, it inhibits bacterial DNA
topoisomerases required for bacterial DNA replication,
transcription, repair, and recombination.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to moxifloxacin or
quinolones.
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, hypertension,
palpitation, QT interval prolongation, skin rash.
Administration: Oral: can be given concurrently with
food; but not with antacids containing magnesium or
aluminum or preparations containing sucralfate, metal
cations such as iron, or zinc; Oral doses should be given
at least 4 hours before or 8 hours after antacids.
minutes.
Dosage: Adults: Oral, I.V.: 400 mg every 24 hrs. Pediatric:
safety and efficacy in children less than 18 years of age
have not been established. No dosage adjustment in
renal impairment, including patients on hemodialysis or
CAPD. Not recommended in patients with severe hepatic
insufciency.
Stability: Do not refrigerate; intravenous solution
precipitates upon refrigeration
Supply: Tab 400 mg; inj 400 mg /250 ml/bottle
Pipemidic acid -Dolcol(ODOLC)
Indication: Pyelonephritis, pyelitis, cystitis, urethritis,
prostatitis shigellosis, enteritis, otitis media, sinusitis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, children, pregnancy
& lactation.
Adverse effect: GI symptoms. CNS and skin reactions.
Dosage: 500 mg-2 g/day
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08.12.20 Sulfonamides
Co-trimoxazole-Baktar (OBAKT) Sevatrim(ISEVA)

Indication: It is used for the treatment of urinary tract
infections caused by susceptible strains of E. coli,
Proteus (indole positive or negative), Klebsiella,
Enterobacter, Haemophilus inuenzae, Streptococcus
pneumoniae, Shigella spp. and also active against
Pneumocystis carinii.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, infants younger than 2
26 - - 27 - -
months, lactation; hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or
trimethoprim, patients with impaired renal or hepatic
function.
Adverse effect: Agranulocytosis, aplastic and
megaloblastic anemia, nausea, erythema multiform,
headache, and mental depression.
Dosage: Adults: 2 tab Q12H for 10-14 days in urinary
tract infection, MAX dose: trimethoprin 640mg,
sulfamethoxazole 3.2g; Children: 8 mg/kg trimethoprim
and 40 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole daily, give in 2 divided
dose Q12H. IV dosage: 8-10 mg/kg/day of TMP and 40-50
mg/kg/day of SMZ, in 2-4 equally divided doses, every 6-12
hrs for 5 days for shigellosis and up to 14 day for severe
UTI.
Supply: Tab sulfamethoxazole 400 mg & trimethoprim 80
mg; Inj sulfamethoxazole 400 mg & trimethoprim 80 mg/5
ml/amp
Sulfasalazine-Salazopyrin(OSALA)
Indication: Mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, adjunctive

therapy in severe ulcerative colitis; juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis, poly-articular course; rheumatoid arthritis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide or
salicylates; in infants under 2 yrs, intestinal and urinary
obstruction, patients with porphyria.
Adverse effect: Headache, blood dyscrasia, skin
eruptions, Steven-Johnson syndrome, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Dosage: Ulcerative colitis: Adults: initial, 3-4 g/day
divided into equally doses, then 500mg QID maintenance.
Children: initial, 40-60 mg/kg/day in 3-6 equally divided
doses, then 30mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Adults: initial, 0.5-1 gm/day, then
1gm BD maintenance. Juvenil Rheumatoid
arthritis(Children
6 yrs): 30-50 mg/kg/day in 2 equally

divided doses. Administer with or after meals
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Spasmo-Euvernil (OSPAS)
Indication: Acute infections of the urinary tract with micturition
compl ai nt s and t enesmus, prevent i nf ect i on f rom
instrumentation, prophylaxis in case of chronically recurring
infections of urinary passages.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, nephritis, anuria, uremia
and damage to the liver parenchyma.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction.
Dosage: Usual dose 2 tab TID, daily dose should not be
exceeded 10 Tabs. The minimum treatment time for
primary infection is 2 Tabs TID for 10 days, continue
treatment of secondary infection is followed by a 20 days.
Supply: Tab sulfacarbamide 500 mg/ phenazopyridine 50
mg
08:12.24 Tetracyclines
Tetracycline HCI-Tetracycline (OACHR)
Indication: Acne vulgarism, bacterial infections, anthrax,

chlamydial infection, cholera, syphilis.
Pharmacology: Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum
bacteriostatic compounds that inhibit protein synthesis at
the 30S ribosomal subunit. Activity includes G (+), G (-),
aerobic, and anaerobic bacteria, as well as spirochetes,
mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, chlamydiae, and some protozoa.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any tetracycline
products, last half of pregnancy, infancy, and childhood
up to 8 years of age
Adverse effect: Photosensitivity, rash, nausea, diarrhea,
discoloration of teeth and enamel hypoplasia especially
during growth.
Administration: Avoid concomitant administration of
aluminum, calcium, and magnesium, which can impair
absorption of tetracycline. Take 1 hr before or 2 hr after
meals
Dosage: Adults: 250-500 mg orally every 6 hours.
Children >8 years: 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses
every 6 hours. In renal impairment: reduced doses or
26 - - 27 - -
months, lactation; hypersensitivity to sulfonamides or
trimethoprim, patients with impaired renal or hepatic
function.
Adverse effect: Agranulocytosis, aplastic and
megaloblastic anemia, nausea, erythema multiform,
headache, and mental depression.
Dosage: Adults: 2 tab Q12H for 10-14 days in urinary
tract infection, MAX dose: trimethoprin 640mg,
sulfamethoxazole 3.2g; Children: 8 mg/kg trimethoprim
and 40 mg/kg sulfamethoxazole daily, give in 2 divided
dose Q12H. IV dosage: 8-10 mg/kg/day of TMP and 40-50
mg/kg/day of SMZ, in 2-4 equally divided doses, every 6-12
hrs for 5 days for shigellosis and up to 14 day for severe
UTI.
Supply: Tab sulfamethoxazole 400 mg & trimethoprim 80
mg; Inj sulfamethoxazole 400 mg & trimethoprim 80 mg/5
ml/amp
Sulfasalazine-Salazopyrin(OSALA)
Indication: Mild to moderate ulcerative colitis, adjunctive

therapy in severe ulcerative colitis; juvenile rheumatoid
arthritis, poly-articular course; rheumatoid arthritis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamide or
salicylates; in infants under 2 yrs, intestinal and urinary
obstruction, patients with porphyria.
Adverse effect: Headache, blood dyscrasia, skin
eruptions, Steven-Johnson syndrome, hypersensitivity
reactions.
Dosage: Ulcerative colitis: Adults: initial, 3-4 g/day
divided into equally doses, then 500mg QID maintenance.
Children: initial, 40-60 mg/kg/day in 3-6 equally divided
doses, then 30mg/kg/day divided into 4 doses.
Rheumatoid arthritis: Adults: initial, 0.5-1 gm/day, then
1gm BD maintenance. Juvenil Rheumatoid
arthritis(Children
6 yrs): 30-50 mg/kg/day in 2 equally

divided doses. Administer with or after meals
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Spasmo-Euvernil (OSPAS)
Indication: Acute infections of the urinary tract with micturition
compl ai nt s and t enesmus, prevent i nf ect i on f rom
instrumentation, prophylaxis in case of chronically recurring
infections of urinary passages.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, nephritis, anuria, uremia
and damage to the liver parenchyma.
Adverse effect: Allergic reaction.
Dosage: Usual dose 2 tab TID, daily dose should not be
exceeded 10 Tabs. The minimum treatment time for
primary infection is 2 Tabs TID for 10 days, continue
treatment of secondary infection is followed by a 20 days.
Supply: Tab sulfacarbamide 500 mg/ phenazopyridine 50
mg
08:12.24 Tetracyclines
Tetracycline HCI-Tetracycline (OACHR)
Indication: Acne vulgarism, bacterial infections, anthrax,

chlamydial infection, cholera, syphilis.
Pharmacology: Tetracyclines are broad-spectrum
up to 8 years of age
Adverse effect: Photosensitivity, rash, nausea, diarrhea,
discoloration of teeth and enamel hypoplasia especially
during growth.
Administration: Avoid concomitant administration of
aluminum, calcium, and magnesium, which can impair
absorption of tetracycline. Take 1 hr before or 2 hr after
meals
Dosage: Adults: 250-500 mg orally every 6 hours.
Children >8 years: 25-50 mg/kg/day in divided doses
every 6 hours. In renal impairment: reduced doses or
28 - - 29 - -
extended intervals are recommended
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Doxycycline-Doxymycin (ODOXY)
Indication: Bacterial infections, anthrax, chlamydial

infection, cholera, syphilis.
Pharmacology: Tetracycl i nes are broad-spectrum
up to 8 years of age (except anthrax).
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, may cause discoloration of
teeth in children especially during growth.
Dosage: Adult :Oral, 100-200 mg/day in 1-2 divided dose,
dosage adjustments are not required for patients with renal
impairment. May give with meals to decrease GI upset.
Supply: Cap 100 mg

Minocycline HCI-Minocin (Mirosin) (IMINO)
Indication: Similar to tetracycline, but is more active

against many species, including tetracycline-resistant
Staphylococci, Streptococci, E. coli and H. inuenzae.
Contraindication: Same as tetracycline.
Adverse effect: Same as tetracycline.
Dosage: 200 mg PO or IV initially, then 100 mg Q12H (IV
should not exceed 400 mg in 24 hours).
08:12.24.12 Glycylcyclines
Tigecycline-Tygacil(ITYGA)
Indication: Treatment of complicated skin & skin

structure infections or complicated intra-abdominal
infections caused by susceptible organisms in patients
>18 y/o.
Place in therapy: It is a broad-spectrum gram positive
and gram-negative antibiotic. Activity includes
tetracycline-resistant and multidrug-resistant organisms.
Tigecyclines role in therapy is an alternative treatment for
severely ill patients, especially with resistant infections.
Unfortunately, in vitro studies demonstrate that
tigecycline is not active against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, local
reactions at inj site, abdominal pain, fever, headache,
thrombocythemia, anemia, leukocytosis. Adverse effects
similar to those of tetracyclines may potentially orrur.
Dosage: Adult >18 y/o: initial dose of 100 mg IV followed
by 50 mg Q12H for 5-14 days.
08:12.28 Miscellaneous Antibacterials
Vancomycin HCI-Vanco(IVANC) U-Vanco
(IUVAN)
Indication: Treatment of serious or severe infections caused

by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant
(
-lactamase-resistant) Staphylococci.
Contraindication: Patients with known hypersensitivity to
the drug.
Adverse effect: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rapid infusion
may develop anaphylactoid reactions, including red man
syndrome, hypotension, urticaria; reversible neutropenia.
Dosage: Adults: IV infusion, 500mg over 1hr q6h. Each
gram should be administered over a period of at least 60
minutes. Older infants and children: IV 40mg/kg/day in
2-4 divided doses. In neonates: an initial dose of 15mg/kg
is suggested followed by 10mg/kg every 12 hours in the
first week of life and every 8 hours thereafter up to the
age of one month. Treatment of antibiotic-associated
pseudomembranous colitis, the usual adult daily dosage
is 500 mg to 2 g orally in 3 or 4 divided doses for 7 to 10
28 - - 29 - -
extended intervals are recommended
Supply: Cap 250 mg
Doxycycline-Doxymycin (ODOXY)
Indication: Bacterial infections, anthrax, chlamydial

infection, cholera, syphilis.
Pharmacology: Tetracycl i nes are broad-spectrum
up to 8 years of age (except anthrax).
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, may cause discoloration of
teeth in children especially during growth.
Dosage: Adult :Oral, 100-200 mg/day in 1-2 divided dose,
dosage adjustments are not required for patients with renal
impairment. May give with meals to decrease GI upset.
Supply: Cap 100 mg

Minocycline HCI-Minocin (Mirosin) (IMINO)
Indication: Similar to tetracycline, but is more active

against many species, including tetracycline-resistant
Staphylococci, Streptococci, E. coli and H. inuenzae.
Contraindication: Same as tetracycline.
Adverse effect: Same as tetracycline.
Dosage: 200 mg PO or IV initially, then 100 mg Q12H (IV
should not exceed 400 mg in 24 hours).
08:12.24.12 Glycylcyclines
Tigecycline-Tygacil(ITYGA)
Indication: Treatment of complicated skin & skin

structure infections or complicated intra-abdominal
infections caused by susceptible organisms in patients
>18 y/o.
Place in therapy: It is a broad-spectrum gram positive
and gram-negative antibiotic. Activity includes
tetracycline-resistant and multidrug-resistant organisms.
Tigecyclines role in therapy is an alternative treatment for
severely ill patients, especially with resistant infections.
Unfortunately, in vitro studies demonstrate that
tigecycline is not active against Pseudomonas
aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, and Providencia species
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, local
reactions at inj site, abdominal pain, fever, headache,
thrombocythemia, anemia, leukocytosis. Adverse effects
similar to those of tetracyclines may potentially orrur.
Dosage: Adult >18 y/o: initial dose of 100 mg IV followed
by 50 mg Q12H for 5-14 days.
08:12.28 Miscellaneous Antibacterials
Vancomycin HCI-Vanco(IVANC) U-Vanco
(IUVAN)
Indication: Treatment of serious or severe infections caused

by susceptible strains of methicillin-resistant
(
-lactamase-resistant) Staphylococci.
Contraindication: Patients with known hypersensitivity to
the drug.
Adverse effect: Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, rapid infusion
may develop anaphylactoid reactions, including red man
syndrome, hypotension, urticaria; reversible neutropenia.
Dosage: Adults: IV infusion, 500mg over 1hr q6h. Each
gram should be administered over a period of at least 60
minutes. Older infants and children: IV 40mg/kg/day in
2-4 divided doses. In neonates: an initial dose of 15mg/kg
is suggested followed by 10mg/kg every 12 hours in the
first week of life and every 8 hours thereafter up to the
age of one month. Treatment of antibiotic-associated
pseudomembranous colitis, the usual adult daily dosage
is 500 mg to 2 g orally in 3 or 4 divided doses for 7 to 10
30 - - 31 - -
days, the total daily dosage should not be exceeded 2 g.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Vanco), 1 g/vial (U-Vanco)
Teicoplanin-Targocid(ITARG)
Indication: It is used in the treatment of serious
gram-positive infections. It has been used empirically in
neutropenic patients.
Place in therapy: Compared to vancomycin, teicoplanin
possesses an extended elimination half-life and can be
dosed once daily. Additionally, the severe pain and
necrosis that is associated with intramuscular injections
of vancomycin have not been reported with teicoplanin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this drug.
Adverse effect: Pain on injection, thrombophlebitis,
neutropenia, rash, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, and rare
cases of ototoxicity.
Dosage: Adults: loading dose of 400 to 800 mg,
maintenance doses of 200 to 600 mg QD; IM as
maintenance doses of 200 to 600 mg following an
intravenous loading dose; Children: 3-6 mg/kg/day.
Clindamycin-Clindamycin(OCLIN)
Clincin(ICLIN)
Indication: Infections caused by anaerobes, Streptococci,

Staphylococci or pneumococci.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, diarrhea states.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, Pseudomembranous colitis,
hypersensitivity reactions, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: Adults: 150-300 mg Q6H PO, severe infection: 450
mg Q6H PO, 0.6-2.7 g/day in divided doses IM or slow IV.
Children: 8-16 mg/kg/day in 4 divided dose up to 20
mg/kg/day PO, 15-40 mg/kg/day in divided doses IM or slow
IV, maximum dose: 2.7-4.8 g/day
Na Fusidate-Fucidin (OFUCI)

Indication: Treatment of infections caused by
susceptible organisms especially Staph eg osteomyelitis,
septicaemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, cutaneous
infections, surgical & traumatic wound infections. Also
other Staph infections including MRSA
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to fusidic acid and/or
its salt.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances.
Dosage: Adult: 2 tab TID; skin & soft tissue infections 1-2
tab BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08:14 Antifungals
Terbinane HCI-Lamisil (OLAMIS)
Indication: Treatment of onychomycosis and

moccasin-type tinea pedis, cutaneous candidiasis.
Place in therapy: Terbinafine appears to be as effective
as griseofulvin for the treatment of tinea crucis and
corporis, but is more effective for onychomycosis, and
moccasin-type tinea pedis.
Contraindication: Previous hypersensitivity to
terbinafine or naftifine. For patients with pre-existing liver
disease or renal impairment, it is not recommended.
Adverse effect: Fatigue, headache, dizziness,
gastrointestinal disturbances, skin rash, pruritus, alopecia,
and elevation of hepatic function tests.
Dosage: Onychomycosis: 250 mg QD for 6-12 wks, tinea
capitis: 250 mg QD for 4-6 wks, tinea corporis: 250 mg
QD for 2-4 wks, tinea cruris: 250 mg QD for 2-4 wks
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Fluconazole-Diucan(ODIFL) (IDIFL)

Indication: Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent
suitable for once daily oral administration. It is used
primarily for acquired immunodeciency syndrome
patients with cryptococcal meningitis, as suppressive
30 - - 31 - -
days, the total daily dosage should not be exceeded 2 g.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/vial (Vanco), 1 g/vial (U-Vanco)
Teicoplanin-Targocid(ITARG)
Indication: It is used in the treatment of serious
gram-positive infections. It has been used empirically in
neutropenic patients.
Place in therapy: Compared to vancomycin, teicoplanin
possesses an extended elimination half-life and can be
dosed once daily. Additionally, the severe pain and
necrosis that is associated with intramuscular injections
of vancomycin have not been reported with teicoplanin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this drug.
Adverse effect: Pain on injection, thrombophlebitis,
neutropenia, rash, bronchospasm, eosinophilia, and rare
cases of ototoxicity.
Dosage: Adults: loading dose of 400 to 800 mg,
maintenance doses of 200 to 600 mg QD; IM as
maintenance doses of 200 to 600 mg following an
intravenous loading dose; Children: 3-6 mg/kg/day.
Clindamycin-Clindamycin(OCLIN)
Clincin(ICLIN)
Indication: Infections caused by anaerobes, Streptococci,

Staphylococci or pneumococci.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, diarrhea states.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, Pseudomembranous colitis,
hypersensitivity reactions, agranulocytosis,
thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: Adults: 150-300 mg Q6H PO, severe infection: 450
mg Q6H PO, 0.6-2.7 g/day in divided doses IM or slow IV.
Children: 8-16 mg/kg/day in 4 divided dose up to 20
mg/kg/day PO, 15-40 mg/kg/day in divided doses IM or slow
IV, maximum dose: 2.7-4.8 g/day
Na Fusidate-Fucidin (OFUCI)

Indication: Treatment of infections caused by
susceptible organisms especially Staph eg osteomyelitis,
septicaemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, cutaneous
infections, surgical & traumatic wound infections. Also
other Staph infections including MRSA
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to fusidic acid and/or
its salt.
Dosage: Adult: 2 tab TID; skin & soft tissue infections 1-2
tab BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
08:14 Antifungals
Terbinane HCI-Lamisil (OLAMIS)
Indication: Treatment of onychomycosis and

moccasin-type tinea pedis, cutaneous candidiasis.
Place in therapy: Terbinafine appears to be as effective
as griseofulvin for the treatment of tinea crucis and
corporis, but is more effective for onychomycosis, and
moccasin-type tinea pedis.
terbinafine or naftifine. For patients with pre-existing liver
disease or renal impairment, it is not recommended.
Adverse effect: Fatigue, headache, dizziness,
gastrointestinal disturbances, skin rash, pruritus, alopecia,
and elevation of hepatic function tests.
Dosage: Onychomycosis: 250 mg QD for 6-12 wks, tinea
capitis: 250 mg QD for 4-6 wks, tinea corporis: 250 mg
QD for 2-4 wks, tinea cruris: 250 mg QD for 2-4 wks
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Fluconazole-Diucan(ODIFL) (IDIFL)

Indication: Fluconazole is a triazole antifungal agent
suitable for once daily oral administration. It is used
primarily for acquired immunodeciency syndrome
patients with cryptococcal meningitis, as suppressive
32 - - 33 - -
therapy and for acute treatment. It is also used for the
treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis,
systemic candidal infections, urinary tract infections,
pneumonia, and peritonitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, close monitoring liver
function
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, and elevation in liver
function tests; hypokalemia has been observed in
patients with myeloid leukemia; endocrine adverse effects
appear to be less frequent as compared to ketoconazole.
Dosage: Cryptococcal meningitis: 400mg qd on the rst day
then 200-400 mg daily for at least 10-12 wks after the CSF is
sterile, oropharyngeal candidiasis: 200 mg qd on the first day
then 100 mg QD for at least 2 wks, esophageal candidiasis: 200
mg QDon the rst day then 100 mg QD for at least 3 wks and for
at least 2 wks following the resolution of symptoms, systemic
candidiasis: 400 mg QD on the rst day then 200 mg QD for at
least 4 wks and for at least 2 wks following the resolution of
symptoms
Supply: Cap 50 mg; Inj 100 mg/50 ml/vial
Ketoconazole-Ketazole (OKETO) (
Indication: Treatment of fungal infections caused by

ermatophytes. Ketoconazole has been effective in the
treatment of supercial and systemic fungal infections,
and has been evaluated in the treatment of advanced
prostate cancer, Cushings syndrome, and
hyperandrogenism.
Place in therapy: Ketoconazol e has demonstrated
efcacy in a wide variety of deep fungal infections, as well
as supercial infections such as candidiasis,
dermatomycosis, and tinea versicolor. However, the
increasing incidence of hepatitis and effects on
testosterone synthesis may limit the use in therapy.
to the drug. Ketoconazole should be used with caution in
patients with impaired hepatic function or adrenal reserve.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain,
constipation, atulence, GI bleeding diarrhea,
gynecomastia, hyperuricemia, hypothyroidism.
Dosage: Adult dose: 200-400 mg PO QD, maximum
dose: 1-1.2 g/day. Children older than 2 year of age:
3.3-6.6 mg/kg PO QD.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Amphotericin B-Fungizone (IFUNG)
Indication: Fungistatic, against Aspergillus fumigatus,

Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida spp., Coccidioides
immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma
capsulatum, Microsporum audouinii, Paracoccidioides
brasiliensis, Rhizopus spp., Sporothrix schenckii and
Trichophyton spp.
Place in therapy: The addition of granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to amphotericin B to
treat a presumed deep-seated fungal infection in
neutropenic patients is more cost-effective than using
amphotericin B alone. Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
complex has an improved therapeutic index compared to
conventional amphotericin B, and has been used safely in
patients with amphotericin B-related nephrotoxicity;
however, continued decline of renal function has occurred
in some of these patients
Contraindication: Concomitant administration of other
nephrotoxic drugs and antineoplastic agents should be
avoided, enhance the effects of muscle relaxants and
increase digitalis toxicity, corticosteroids may enhance
the depletion of potassium.
Adverse effect: Thrombophlebitis, anorexia, nephrotoxic,
anaemia and hypokalaemia. The primary adverse effect
of intravenous amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex
is an infusion reaction (chills, fever, rigors, nausea), which
can be severe; it tends to subside with continued therapy.
Other effects include hypotension, tachycardia, headache,
gastrointestinal symptoms, liver function test
abnormalities, thrombocytopenia,
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dyspnea, and diaphoresis.
32 - - 33 - -
therapy and for acute treatment. It is also used for the
treatment of oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis,
systemic candidal infections, urinary tract infections,
pneumonia, and peritonitis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, close monitoring liver
function
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, and elevation in liver
function tests; hypokalemia has been observed in
patients with myeloid leukemia; endocrine adverse effects
appear to be less frequent as compared to ketoconazole.
Dosage: Cryptococcal meningitis: 400mg qd on the rst day
then 200-400 mg daily for at least 10-12 wks after the CSF is
sterile, oropharyngeal candidiasis: 200 mg qd on the first day
then 100 mg QD for at least 2 wks, esophageal candidiasis: 200
mg QDon the rst day then 100 mg QD for at least 3 wks and for
at least 2 wks following the resolution of symptoms, systemic
candidiasis: 400 mg QD on the rst day then 200 mg QD for at
least 4 wks and for at least 2 wks following the resolution of
symptoms
Supply: Cap 50 mg; Inj 100 mg/50 ml/vial
Ketoconazole-Ketazole (OKETO) (
Indication: Treatment of fungal infections caused by

ermatophytes. Ketoconazole has been effective in the
treatment of supercial and systemic fungal infections,
and has been evaluated in the treatment of advanced
prostate cancer, Cushings syndrome, and
hyperandrogenism.
Place in therapy: Ketoconazol e has demonstrated
efcacy in a wide variety of deep fungal infections, as well
as supercial infections such as candidiasis,
dermatomycosis, and tinea versicolor. However, the
increasing incidence of hepatitis and effects on
testosterone synthesis may limit the use in therapy.
to the drug. Ketoconazole should be used with caution in
patients with impaired hepatic function or adrenal reserve.
constipation, atulence, GI bleeding diarrhea,
gynecomastia, hyperuricemia, hypothyroidism.
Dosage: Adult dose: 200-400 mg PO QD, maximum
dose: 1-1.2 g/day. Children older than 2 year of age:
3.3-6.6 mg/kg PO QD.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Amphotericin B-Fungizone (IFUNG)
Indication: Fungistatic, against Aspergillus fumigatus,

Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida spp., Coccidioides
immitis, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma
capsulatum, Microsporum audouinii, Paracoccidioides
brasiliensis, Rhizopus spp., Sporothrix schenckii and
Trichophyton spp.
Place in therapy: The addition of granulocyte
colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to amphotericin B to
treat a presumed deep-seated fungal infection in
neutropenic patients is more cost-effective than using
amphotericin B alone. Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate
complex has an improved therapeutic index compared to
conventional amphotericin B, and has been used safely in
patients with amphotericin B-related nephrotoxicity;
however, continued decline of renal function has occurred
in some of these patients
Contraindication: Concomitant administration of other
nephrotoxic drugs and antineoplastic agents should be
avoided, enhance the effects of muscle relaxants and
increase digitalis toxicity, corticosteroids may enhance
the depletion of potassium.
Adverse effect: Thrombophlebitis, anorexia, nephrotoxic,
anaemia and hypokalaemia. The primary adverse effect
of intravenous amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex
is an infusion reaction (chills, fever, rigors, nausea), which
can be severe; it tends to subside with continued therapy.
Other effects include hypotension, tachycardia, headache,
gastrointestinal symptoms, liver function test
abnormalities, thrombocytopenia,
hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, dyspnea, and diaphoresis.
34 - - 35 - -
Dosage: 10 g/ml in dextrose inj, 0.25 1 mg/kg/day. For
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for invasive
mycoses in adults and children 3-4 mg/kg/day IV (1 mg/kg/hr),
dose may up to 7.5 mg/kg/day
Nystatin-Mycostatin (EMYCO) (BMYCO)
Indication: Fungistatic and fungicidal antibiotic against

Candida spp, Coccidioides immitis, Cryptococcus
neoformans, Hi stopl asma capsul atum, Bl astomyces
dermatiditis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to nystatin.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting and diarrhea.
Dosage: Vag 1 tab qd-bid for 2 wks; Powder, apply qid to
affected area of mouth, retaining the drug as long as
possible before swallowing
Supply: Vag Tab 100,000 U; Susp 100,000 U/ml, 24 ml/bot
08:16 Antimycobacterials
Ethambutol HCI-Ebutol (OEMB4)
Indication: Bacteriostatic and is active against organisms

of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. marinum and
some strains of M. kansasii, M. avium,M. fortuiturn and M.
intracellulare.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, optic
neuritis, ocular defects and patients with impaired renal
functions.
Adverse effect: Decrease in visual acuity,
hyperuricemia.
Dosage: Initial treatment: 15 mg/kg/day in a single dose
(range 500mg-1.5g), continued treatment: 25mg/kg/day
for 60 days then 15mg/kg/day (range: 900mg-2.5g)
Supply: Tab 400 mg
Isoniazid-INAH(OINAH)
Indication: Bacteriostatic or bactericidal against

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, used for pulmonary and
extrapulmonary tuberculosis disease.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, lactation, patients with
chronic liver disease, severe renal impairment, daily
users of alcohol.
Adverse effect: Peripheral neuritis, hypersensitivity,
hepatic injury, GI upsets, Vit B6 deciency.
Dosage: Use in conjunction with at least one other
antituberculosis agent. Usual dose: 5-10 mg/kg/day (up to
300 mg/day) in a single dose.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Pyrazinamide P.Z.A(OPZA)
Indication: Use in conjunction with at least one other

antituberculosis agent in the treatment of clinical
tuberculosis.
Contraindication: Patients with severe hepatic damage,
renal failure, gout.
Adverse effect: Hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia.
Dosage: The treatment of clinical tuberculosis,
pyrazinamide should not be given alone. The ususal adult
dosage is 20-35 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Maximum dosage: 3 g/day. The usual children dosage is
15-30 mg/kg/day and a maximum dosage is 2 g/day.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Rifampicin- Rifampin (ORIF4)
Indication: Bactericidal and active against

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. marinum, M.
kansasii, and gram positive and negative bacteria
including Neisseria, Staphylococcus aureus,
Haemophilus inuenzae, Legionella pneumophilia.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation,
liver disease.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, hypersensitivity reaction,
headache, drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, visual disturbances,
and mental confusion.
Dosage: PO 1 hour before or 2 hour after meals. For
34 - - 35 - -
Dosage: 10 g/ml in dextrose inj, 0.25 1 mg/kg/day. For
Amphotericin B cholesteryl sulfate complex for invasive
mycoses in adults and children 3-4 mg/kg/day IV (1 mg/kg/hr),
dose may up to 7.5 mg/kg/day

neoformans, Hi stopl asma capsul atum, Bl astomyces
dermatiditis.
08:16 Antimycobacterials
Ethambutol HCI-Ebutol (OEMB4)
Indication: Bacteriostatic and is active against organisms

of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. marinum and
some strains of M. kansasii, M. avium,M. fortuiturn and M.
intracellulare.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, optic
neuritis, ocular defects and patients with impaired renal
functions.
Adverse effect: Decrease in visual acuity,
hyperuricemia.
Dosage: Initial treatment: 15 mg/kg/day in a single dose
(range 500mg-1.5g), continued treatment: 25mg/kg/day
for 60 days then 15mg/kg/day (range: 900mg-2.5g)
Supply: Tab 400 mg
Isoniazid-INAH(OINAH)
Indication: Bacteriostatic or bactericidal against

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, used for pulmonary and
extrapulmonary tuberculosis disease.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, lactation, patients with
chronic liver disease, severe renal impairment, daily
users of alcohol.
Adverse effect: Peripheral neuritis, hypersensitivity,
hepatic injury, GI upsets, Vit B6 deciency.
Dosage: Use in conjunction with at least one other
antituberculosis agent. Usual dose: 5-10 mg/kg/day (up to
300 mg/day) in a single dose.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Pyrazinamide P.Z.A(OPZA)
Indication: Use in conjunction with at least one other

antituberculosis agent in the treatment of clinical
tuberculosis.
Contraindication: Patients with severe hepatic damage,
renal failure, gout.
Adverse effect: Hepatotoxicity, hyperuricemia, nausea,
vomiting, anorexia.
Dosage: The treatment of clinical tuberculosis,
pyrazinamide should not be given alone. The ususal adult
dosage is 20-35 mg/kg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Maximum dosage: 3 g/day. The usual children dosage is
15-30 mg/kg/day and a maximum dosage is 2 g/day.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Rifampicin- Rifampin (ORIF4)
Indication: Bactericidal and active against

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. bovis, M. marinum, M.
kansasii, and gram positive and negative bacteria
including Neisseria, Staphylococcus aureus,
Haemophilus inuenzae, Legionella pneumophilia.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy, lactation,
liver disease.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, hypersensitivity reaction,
headache, drowsiness, fatigue, ataxia, visual disturbances,
and mental confusion.
Dosage: PO 1 hour before or 2 hour after meals. For
36 - - 37 - -
treatment of tuberculosis, use in combination with at least
one other antituberculosis agent, usual adult dose: 600
mg/day as a single dose. Children > 5 years, 10-20
mg/kg/day, daily dose should not exceed 600 mg.
Supply: Cap 450 mg
Rifampicin/Isoniazid Rinah (ORIFI)
Indication: Tuberculosis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rifampin, isoniazid,
or any component of the formulation; acute or chronic
liver disease; jaundice
Adverse effect: G-I irritation, nausea, vomiting, loss of
appetite, hepatitis, flu-like headache, dizziness, fatigue,
peri pheral neuropathy, convul si on, sl urred speech,
lethargy, hyperreexia, toxic encephalophathy, psychosis,
hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Tuberculosis: patients weighing 50 kg or greater:
2 tab orally as single daily dose. Take it at least 30 min
before a meal or 2 hr after a meal
Supply: Tab rifampicin 300 mg & isoniazid 150 mg
08:18 Antivirals
08:18.04 Adamantanes
Amantadine Amanda (OAMAND)
Indication: Amantadine is an antiviral agent. In addition,

amantadine may be useful in the treatment of
Parkinsonism, in the management of multiple sclerosis
symptoms, and in combination with interferon for chronic
hepatitis C.
Place in therapy: Amantadine alone or with levodopa is
useful in alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms; however,
when used alone it does not appear to be as effective as
levodopa or trihexyphenidyl.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to amantadine; In
Parkinsons disease patients, abrupt discontinuation may
result in Parkinsonian crisis.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include anticholinergic
effects, confusion, disorientation, depression,
nervousness, insomnia, and dermatologic reactions.
Dosage: Adults: Extrapyramidal Reactions: 200-300
mg/day in divided doses for controlling drug-induced
extrapyramidal reactions. Inuenza A: 200 mg PO QD.
Children: 1 to 9 years: 4.4 to 8.8 mg/kg/day to a maximum
of 150 mg/day QD or BID. 10 years and older: 100 mg
BID; however, for children weighing less than 40 kg,
prescribing 5 milligrams/kilogram/day, regardless of age,
is advisable
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:18.08 Antiretrovirals
08:18.08.20 Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors
Lamivudine (3TC)-Zefx(OZEFF) (
Indication: Lamivudine is a dideoxynucleoside analogue

with antiretroviral activity. It is used for the treatment of
human i mmunodefi ci ency vi rus (HIV) i nfecti on and
acquired immunodeciency syndrome (AIDS).
Lamivudine is indicated for the treatment of chronic
hepatitis B associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral
replication and active liver inammation.
Place in therapy: Data suggest signicant and sustained
benets of a combined regimen of lamivudine and
zidovudine in patients with advanced HIV infection and
limited exposure to zidovudine, as well as in patients who
had previously received zidovudine for 6 months or longer.
For combi nati on use wi th zi dovudi ne, i t shoul d be
considered in patients with CD4+ cell counts of less than
500/mm3, either as rst-line treatment or in those
responding poorly to zidovudine alone. Lamivudine
improves liver histology, increases hepatitis B antigen
seroconversion, increases hepatitis B antibody, and
normalizes serum alanine aminotransferase in patients
36 - - 37 - -
treatment of tuberculosis, use in combination with at least
one other antituberculosis agent, usual adult dose: 600
mg/day as a single dose. Children > 5 years, 10-20
mg/kg/day, daily dose should not exceed 600 mg.
Supply: Cap 450 mg
Rifampicin/Isoniazid Rinah (ORIFI)
Indication: Tuberculosis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rifampin, isoniazid,
or any component of the formulation; acute or chronic
liver disease; jaundice
Adverse effect: G-I irritation, nausea, vomiting, loss of
appetite, hepatitis, flu-like headache, dizziness, fatigue,
peri pheral neuropathy, convul si on, sl urred speech,
lethargy, hyperreexia, toxic encephalophathy, psychosis,
hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Tuberculosis: patients weighing 50 kg or greater:
2 tab orally as single daily dose. Take it at least 30 min
before a meal or 2 hr after a meal
Supply: Tab rifampicin 300 mg & isoniazid 150 mg
08:18 Antivirals
Amantadine Amanda (OAMAND)

hepatitis C.
useful in alleviating Parkinsonian symptoms; however,
Children: 1 to 9 years: 4.4 to 8.8 mg/kg/day to a maximum
of 150 mg/day QD or BID. 10 years and older: 100 mg
BID; however, for children weighing less than 40 kg,
prescribing 5 milligrams/kilogram/day, regardless of age,
is advisable
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:18.08 Antiretrovirals
08:18.08.20 Nucleoside and Nucleotide Reverse
Transcriptase Inhibitors
Lamivudine (3TC)-Zefx(OZEFF) (
Indication: Lamivudine is a dideoxynucleoside analogue

with antiretroviral activity. It is used for the treatment of
human i mmunodefi ci ency vi rus (HIV) i nfecti on and
acquired immunodeciency syndrome (AIDS).
Lamivudine is indicated for the treatment of chronic
hepatitis B associated with evidence of hepatitis B viral
replication and active liver inammation.
Place in therapy: Data suggest signicant and sustained
benets of a combined regimen of lamivudine and
zidovudine in patients with advanced HIV infection and
limited exposure to zidovudine, as well as in patients who
had previously received zidovudine for 6 months or longer.
For combi nati on use wi th zi dovudi ne, i t shoul d be
considered in patients with CD4+ cell counts of less than
500/mm3, either as rst-line treatment or in those
responding poorly to zidovudine alone. Lamivudine
improves liver histology, increases hepatitis B antigen
seroconversion, increases hepatitis B antibody, and
normalizes serum alanine aminotransferase in patients
38 - - 39 - -
who had compensated chronic hepatitis B with evidence
of viral replication and active liver inammation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to lamivudine
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of lamivudine include
di arrhea and ot her gast roi nt est i nal di st urbances,
headache, fatigue, insomnia, arthralgias, myalgias,
elevated liver enzymes, skin rash, ear, nose, and throa
infections. Neutropenia has not been frequent with
recommended doses of lamivudine. Lactic acidosis and
severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatalities,
have been reported.
Dosage: Human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection
and acquired immunodeciency syndrome (AIDS): Adults
150 mg PO BID; Children (3 months up to 16 years): 4
mg/kg PO BID (up to a maximum dose of 150 mg BID);
chronic hepatitis B: 100 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:18.20 Interferons
Peginterferon
- 2b-Peg-Intron(IPEGI)(
Indication: Chronic Hepatitis C, patients with

compensated liver disease who have not received
interferon alfa therapy
Pharmacology: Peginterferon alfa-2b is a covalent
conjugate of straight-chain polyethylene glycol and
recombinant interferon alfa-2b. Pegylation reduces the
clearance of interferon alpha and may enhance its
efcacy due to more prolonged exposure. Interferon
alfa-2b has antiviral, immunomodulatory, and
antiproliferative activity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Peg-Intron or its
components; autoimmune hepatitis, de-compensated
liver disease
Adverse effect: Headache, insomnia, anxiety, myalgia,
alopecia, fatigue, fever, inuenza-like illness
Dosage: Chronic Hepatitis C: monotherapy, 1 mcg/kg/week
(based on body weight) SC once weekly for
1 yr. Chronic Hepatitis C: combination therapy, 1.5
mcg/kg/week SC for 48 weeks in combination with oral
ribavirin 400 mg twice daily. Peginterferon alfa-2b used
alone or in combination with ribavirin should be
discontinued after 6 months if HCV levels remain high.
Preparation: Lyophilized powder should be reconstituted
with 0.7 ml of the 1 ml sterile water diluent provided.
Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately.
Storage: Store at 2-8
; do not freeze; do not shake.

Supply: Inj 120 mcg/vial
08:18.28 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Oseltamivir-Tamiu(OTAMF
) (OTAMI)
Indication: Inuenza in adults and children 12 years and

older
Pharmacology: Oseltamivir phosphate is the ethyl ester
prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, which selectively
inhibits neuraminidases of inuenza viruses of both types
A and B.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to oseltamivir products.
Adverse effect: Nausea and vomiting in about 10% of
patients. Bronchitis, insomnia, and vertigo occur
occasionally.
Dosage: Start within 48 hrs of onset of symptoms. Adult
patients with ClCr >30 ml/min : 75 mg bid for 5 days; in
renal insufciency
ClCr 10-30 ml/min
: 75 mg /day for
5 days. There is no dosage information for ClCr
10
ml/min. In pediatrics, children
1 y/o and 15 kg or less,

30 mg bid for 5 days; children 15-23 kg, 45 mg bid for
5 days; children 23-40 kg, 60 mg bid for 5 days;
children
40 kg, 75 mg bid for 5 days.

Supply: Cap 75 mg
Zanamivir-Relenza (ERELE)
Indication: Treatment of inuenza A & B in adults &

children > 7 years
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to zanamivir or any
38 - - 39 - -
who had compensated chronic hepatitis B with evidence
of viral replication and active liver inammation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to lamivudine
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of lamivudine include
di arrhea and ot her gast roi nt est i nal di st urbances,
headache, fatigue, insomnia, arthralgias, myalgias,
elevated liver enzymes, skin rash, ear, nose, and throa
infections. Neutropenia has not been frequent with
recommended doses of lamivudine. Lactic acidosis and
severe hepatomegaly with steatosis, including fatalities,
have been reported.
Dosage: Human immunodeciency virus (HIV) infection
and acquired immunodeciency syndrome (AIDS): Adults
150 mg PO BID; Children (3 months up to 16 years): 4
mg/kg PO BID (up to a maximum dose of 150 mg BID);
chronic hepatitis B: 100 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 100 mg
08:18.20 Interferons
Peginterferon
- 2b-Peg-Intron(IPEGI)(
Indication: Chronic Hepatitis C, patients with

compensated liver disease who have not received
interferon alfa therapy
Pharmacology: Peginterferon alfa-2b is a covalent
conjugate of straight-chain polyethylene glycol and
recombinant interferon alfa-2b. Pegylation reduces the
clearance of interferon alpha and may enhance its
efcacy due to more prolonged exposure. Interferon
alfa-2b has antiviral, immunomodulatory, and
antiproliferative activity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Peg-Intron or its
components; autoimmune hepatitis, de-compensated
liver disease
Adverse effect: Headache, insomnia, anxiety, myalgia,
alopecia, fatigue, fever, inuenza-like illness
Dosage: Chronic Hepatitis C: monotherapy, 1 mcg/kg/week
(based on body weight) SC once weekly for
1 yr. Chronic Hepatitis C: combination therapy, 1.5
mcg/kg/week SC for 48 weeks in combination with oral
ribavirin 400 mg twice daily. Peginterferon alfa-2b used
alone or in combination with ribavirin should be
discontinued after 6 months if HCV levels remain high.
Preparation: Lyophilized powder should be reconstituted
with 0.7 ml of the 1 ml sterile water diluent provided.
Reconstituted solutions should be used immediately.
; do not freeze; do not shake.

08:18.28 Neuraminidase Inhibitors
Oseltamivir-Tamiu(OTAMF
) (OTAMI)
Indication: Inuenza in adults and children 12 years and

older
Pharmacology: Oseltamivir phosphate is the ethyl ester
prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate, which selectively
inhibits neuraminidases of inuenza viruses of both types
A and B.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to oseltamivir products.
Adverse effect: Nausea and vomiting in about 10% of
patients. Bronchitis, insomnia, and vertigo occur
occasionally.
Dosage: Start within 48 hrs of onset of symptoms. Adult
patients with ClCr >30 ml/min : 75 mg bid for 5 days; in
renal insufciency
ClCr 10-30 ml/min
: 75 mg /day for
5 days. There is no dosage information for ClCr
10
ml/min. In pediatrics, children
1 y/o and 15 kg or less,

30 mg bid for 5 days; children 15-23 kg, 45 mg bid for
5 days; children 23-40 kg, 60 mg bid for 5 days;
children
40 kg, 75 mg bid for 5 days.

Supply: Cap 75 mg
Zanamivir-Relenza (ERELE)
Indication: Treatment of inuenza A & B in adults &

children > 7 years
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to zanamivir or any
40 - - 41 - -
component of the product including lactose (milk proteins)
Adverse effect: Very rarely, allergic-type reactions,
including oropharyngeal edema, bronchospasm, dyspnea,
rash, urticaria.
Dosage: Adult & children >12 y/o: 2 inhalations BID for 5
days, providing a total inhaled dose of 20 mg/day.
Treatment should begin as soon as possible (preferably
within 2 days) after onset of symptoms.
Supply: Rotadisk 5 mg zanamivir+20 mg lactose/dose,
4*5 dose/bx
08:18.32 Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Acyclovir-Zovirax (IZOVI)
B

Indication: Treatment of herpes simplex infections in
immuno-compromised patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, use with caution in
patients with abnormal renal function.
Adverse effect: Severe inammation sometimes leading to
ulceration has resulted from accidental infusion into the tissue
extravascularly.
Dosage: Slow IV infusion 5 mg/kg over 1 hour Q8H,
maximum daily dose: 30 mg/kg or 1.5 g/m
2
.
Supply: Inj 250mg/vial
Valaciclovir-Valtrex (OVALT)
Indication: Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of

herpes zoster and episodic treatment of initial and
recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent adults. It is
also indicated for the suppression of recurrent genital
herpes.
Contraindication: Valacyclovir is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir
products.
Adverse effect: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting,
constipation, weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, and
anorexia.
Dosage: Herpes zoster: 1 g PO TID for 7 days; recurrent
genital herpes: 500 mg PO BID for 5 days
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Ribavirin Robatrol(OROBA) (
Indication: In combination with interferon
for treatment
of chroni c hepati ti s C i n adul t pati ents who are

-i nterferonnai ve or who have rel apsed fol l owi ng

-interferon therapy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ribavirin products;
pregnancy or pregnant partner of male patient; Clcr
50
ml / mi n; ri bavi ri n as monot herapy f or hepat i t i s C;
signicant or unstable cardiac disease; patients with
hemoglobinopathies; autoimmune hepatitis (in
combination with peginterferon alfa-2a); hepatic
decompensation
Adverse effect: Headache, fatigue, pruritus, rash,
dyspepsia, nausea, loss of appetite, anemia
Dosage: Adults, chronic hepatitis C in combination with
interferon alfa-2b: Body Weight < 75 kg, 400 mg PO in
morning and 600 mg in evening; BW> 75 kg, 600 mg
twice a day. Pediatrics(
3 yrs): chronic hepatitis C in

combination with interferon alfa-2b: BW 25- 36 kg, 200
mg PO twice a day; BW 37 - 49 kg, 200 mg every
morning and 400 mg every evening; BW 50- 61 kg, 400 mg
twice a day; BW> 61 kg, use adult dosing.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
Entecavir-Baraclude (OBARA)(
Indication: Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus

infection in adults with evidence of active viral replication
& either evidence of persistent elevations in serum
aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active
disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to entecavir or to any
component of the product
Adverse effect: Headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea.
Dosage: Take on an empty stomach at least 2 hr after a
meal & 2 hr before the next meal.
40 - - 41 - -
component of the product including lactose (milk proteins)
Adverse effect: Very rarely, allergic-type reactions,
including oropharyngeal edema, bronchospasm, dyspnea,
rash, urticaria.
Dosage: Adult & children >12 y/o: 2 inhalations BID for 5
days, providing a total inhaled dose of 20 mg/day.
Treatment should begin as soon as possible (preferably
within 2 days) after onset of symptoms.
Supply: Rotadisk 5 mg zanamivir+20 mg lactose/dose,
4*5 dose/bx
08:18.32 Nucleosides and Nucleotides
Acyclovir-Zovirax (IZOVI)
B

ulceration has resulted from accidental infusion into the tissue
extravascularly.
Dosage: Slow IV infusion 5 mg/kg over 1 hour Q8H,
maximum daily dose: 30 mg/kg or 1.5 g/m
2
.
Valaciclovir-Valtrex (OVALT)
Indication: Valacyclovir is indicated for the treatment of

herpes zoster and episodic treatment of initial and
recurrent genital herpes in immunocompetent adults. It is
also indicated for the suppression of recurrent genital
herpes.
Contraindication: Valacyclovir is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity to acyclovir or valacyclovir
products.
Adverse effect: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting,
constipation, weakness, dizziness, abdominal pain, and
anorexia.
Dosage: Herpes zoster: 1 g PO TID for 7 days; recurrent
genital herpes: 500 mg PO BID for 5 days
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Ribavirin Robatrol(OROBA) (
Indication: In combination with interferon
for treatment
of chroni c hepati ti s C i n adul t pati ents who are

-i nterferonnai ve or who have rel apsed fol l owi ng

-interferon therapy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ribavirin products;
pregnancy or pregnant partner of male patient; Clcr
50
ml / mi n; ri bavi ri n as monot herapy f or hepat i t i s C;
signicant or unstable cardiac disease; patients with
hemoglobinopathies; autoimmune hepatitis (in
combination with peginterferon alfa-2a); hepatic
decompensation
Adverse effect: Headache, fatigue, pruritus, rash,
dyspepsia, nausea, loss of appetite, anemia
Dosage: Adults, chronic hepatitis C in combination with
interferon alfa-2b: Body Weight < 75 kg, 400 mg PO in
morning and 600 mg in evening; BW> 75 kg, 600 mg
twice a day. Pediatrics(
3 yrs): chronic hepatitis C in

combination with interferon alfa-2b: BW 25- 36 kg, 200
mg PO twice a day; BW 37 - 49 kg, 200 mg every
morning and 400 mg every evening; BW 50- 61 kg, 400 mg
twice a day; BW> 61 kg, use adult dosing.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
Entecavir-Baraclude (OBARA)(
Indication: Treatment of chronic hepatitis B virus

infection in adults with evidence of active viral replication
& either evidence of persistent elevations in serum
aminotransferases (ALT or AST) or histologically active
disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to entecavir or to any
Adverse effect: Headache, fatigue, dizziness, nausea.
Dosage: Take on an empty stomach at least 2 hr after a
meal & 2 hr before the next meal.
42 - - 43 - -
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
08:30 Antiprotozoals
08:30.08 Antimalarials
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate-Plaquenil
(OPLAQ)Geniquin(OGENI)
Indication: For the suppressive and chemoprophylaxis

treatment of acute attacks of malaria, discoid, systemic
lupus erythematous and rheumatic arthritis.
Contraindication: In the presence of retinal or visual
field change attributable with known 4-aminoquinoline
compounds, patients with known hypersensitivity to
4-aminoquinoline compounds, for long- term therapy in
children.
Adverse effect: Mild and transient headache, dizziness
and GI complain (diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, abdominal
cramps, rarely vomiting) may occur.
Dosage: Adults: For malaria, as a suppressive 400 mg
QW; for therapy, initially 800 mg, followed by 400 mg in
6-8 hours, and 400 mg QD on 2nd and 3rd days. For
lupus erythematous: 200 400 mg QD or BID. For
rheumatoid arthritis: 400-600 mg QD to start taken with
food or milk, until remission occurs, then 200-400 mg QD
for maintenance. Children: For malaria, as suppressive: 5
mg (calculated as base)/kg, not exceed the adult dose
regardless of weight, for therapy: initially 10 mg/kg be
taken in two divided doses 6 hours apart. The suppressive
therapy should be continued for 8 weeks after leaving the
endemic area.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
08:30.92 Miscellanous Antiprotozoals
Metronidazole-Metrozole (OMETR
)
Medazole (IMADA)
Indication: It has bactericidal, amebicidal and

trichomonacidal action, active against most obligately
anaerobic bacteria, trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba
histolytic, Giardia lamblia.
Contraindication: First trimester of pregnancy,
hypersensitivity, patients with blood dyscrasia, severe
hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Metallic taste in mouth and GI complaints
(high dosage); headache, anorexia, dry mouth, dizziness,
vertigo, peripheral neuropathy, reversible leukopenia, skin rash;
Disulram-like reaction. (if alcohol is taken during therapy).
Dosage: For trichomoniasis: PO 2 g as a single dose or
250 mg TID for 7 days. For amebiasis: adults: PO 750 mg
TID for 5-10 days; Children: PO 35-50 mg/kg/day in 3
divided dose for 5-10 days, MAX dose 2.4 g/day. For
giardiasis: adults: 250 mg TID for 5-7 days, children: 15
mg/kg/day in 3 divided dose for 5 days. For anaerobic
infection: PO or IV, initial dose 15 mg/kg, followed by
maintenance dose 7.5 mg/kg/Q6H, MAX dose 4 g/day.
Supply: Tab 250 mg; Inj 500 mg/100 ml/vial
10:00 Antineoplastic Agents

Cisplatin Platinex (ICIS5)
Indication: Ovarian carcinoma, squamous cell

carcinoma of head and neck, lymphoma.
Contraindication: Patients with renal and hearing
impairment.
Adverse effect: Severe nausea, vomiting, renal failure,
peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, hypomagnesaemia.
Dosage: 100mg/m2 IV infusion over 12 hours, alternative
schedule 20 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 3 week for 3
courses, in combination with bleomycin & vinblastine.
Stability: D5W with cisplatin 50 mg/L, reconstituted in
sterile water for injection, stated to have a utility time of 8
hours at 25
or 24 hours at 4
in a glass container under

uorescent light. NS with cisplatin 1.25 mg/mL is stable for
48 hours in polyvinylchloride containers.
42 - - 43 - -
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
08:30 Antiprotozoals
08:30.08 Antimalarials
Hydroxychloroquine sulfate-Plaquenil
(OPLAQ)Geniquin(OGENI)
Indication: For the suppressive and chemoprophylaxis

treatment of acute attacks of malaria, discoid, systemic
lupus erythematous and rheumatic arthritis.
Contraindication: In the presence of retinal or visual
field change attributable with known 4-aminoquinoline
compounds, patients with known hypersensitivity to
4-aminoquinoline compounds, for long- term therapy in
children.
Adverse effect: Mild and transient headache, dizziness
and GI complain (diarrhea, anorexia, nausea, abdominal
cramps, rarely vomiting) may occur.
Dosage: Adults: For malaria, as a suppressive 400 mg
QW; for therapy, initially 800 mg, followed by 400 mg in
6-8 hours, and 400 mg QD on 2nd and 3rd days. For
lupus erythematous: 200 400 mg QD or BID. For
rheumatoid arthritis: 400-600 mg QD to start taken with
food or milk, until remission occurs, then 200-400 mg QD
for maintenance. Children: For malaria, as suppressive: 5
mg (calculated as base)/kg, not exceed the adult dose
regardless of weight, for therapy: initially 10 mg/kg be
taken in two divided doses 6 hours apart. The suppressive
therapy should be continued for 8 weeks after leaving the
endemic area.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
08:30.92 Miscellanous Antiprotozoals
Metronidazole-Metrozole (OMETR
)
Medazole (IMADA)
Indication: It has bactericidal, amebicidal and

trichomonacidal action, active against most obligately
anaerobic bacteria, trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba
histolytic, Giardia lamblia.
Contraindication: First trimester of pregnancy,
hypersensitivity, patients with blood dyscrasia, severe
hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Metallic taste in mouth and GI complaints
(high dosage); headache, anorexia, dry mouth, dizziness,
vertigo, peripheral neuropathy, reversible leukopenia, skin rash;
Disulram-like reaction. (if alcohol is taken during therapy).
Dosage: For trichomoniasis: PO 2 g as a single dose or
250 mg TID for 7 days. For amebiasis: adults: PO 750 mg
TID for 5-10 days; Children: PO 35-50 mg/kg/day in 3
divided dose for 5-10 days, MAX dose 2.4 g/day. For
giardiasis: adults: 250 mg TID for 5-7 days, children: 15
mg/kg/day in 3 divided dose for 5 days. For anaerobic
infection: PO or IV, initial dose 15 mg/kg, followed by
maintenance dose 7.5 mg/kg/Q6H, MAX dose 4 g/day.
Supply: Tab 250 mg; Inj 500 mg/100 ml/vial
10:00 Antineoplastic Agents

Cisplatin Platinex (ICIS5)
Indication: Ovarian carcinoma, squamous cell

carcinoma of head and neck, lymphoma.
Contraindication: Patients with renal and hearing
impairment.
Adverse effect: Severe nausea, vomiting, renal failure,
peripheral neuropathy, ototoxicity, hypomagnesaemia.
Dosage: 100mg/m2 IV infusion over 12 hours, alternative
schedule 20 mg/m2/day for 5 days every 3 week for 3
courses, in combination with bleomycin & vinblastine.
Stability: D5W with cisplatin 50 mg/L, reconstituted in
sterile water for injection, stated to have a utility time of 8
hours at 25
or 24 hours at 4
in a glass container under

uorescent light. NS with cisplatin 1.25 mg/mL is stable for
48 hours in polyvinylchloride containers.
44 - - 45 - -
Cyclophosphamide-Endoxan-Asta
(Syklofosfamid) (ISYKL)
D

Indication: Acute leukemia, lymphomas, Hodgkins
disease, endometrial carcinoma, breast cancer,
sarcomas.
Contraindication: Hemorrhagic cystitis, diabetes
mellitus, renal and hepatic failure.
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia,
cystitis, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary brosis,
cardiotoxicity, skin rash.
Dosage: Initial: IV 2.5mg/kg/day; maintenance: 2.5mg/kg
twice week, oral 2.5mg/kg/day.
Stability: Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/L or 3.1 g/L in D5W,
1.5% or less cyclophosphamide decomposition in 8 hours
at 24 to 27
or 6 days at 5
. Cyclophosphamide 4
g/L in Sodium Chloride 0.9%, 3.5% cyclophosphamide
decomposition in 24 hours at room temperature and 1%
decomposition in 4 weeks under refrigeration.

Fluorouracil-5-FU (I5FU5)(
Indication: Carcinoma of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach

and pancreas.
Contraindication: Poor nutritional state, depressed bone
marrow function, azotemia, impaired liver function, and
serious infections.
Adverse effect: Nausea, stomatitis, diarrhoea,
thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, alopecia.
Dosage: IV push, infusion, IA, IP. 15mg/kg/day for 3 days,
maximum dose: 800 mg/day
Stability: Dextrose 5% in water with uorouracil 8.3 g/L in
a polyvinylchloride container, 10% decrease in
uorouracil concentration in 43 hours at room
t emperat ure. Fl uorouraci l 500mg/ L D5W or NS i s
compatible for 24 hours in glass or polyolen containers.
Supply: Inj 500mg/10ml/vial.
Gemcitabine HCL Gemzar (IGEMC) (IGEMCI)(
Indication: It can be used in advanced breast cancer,

non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, and
ovarian carcinoma.
Place in therapy: A greater intracellular accumulation of
active metabolites is achieved with gemcitabine relative
to cytarabine, and it may process superior antitumor
activity than cytarabin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to gemcitabine; use
carefully in patients with hepatic dysfunction,
myelosuppression, pregnancy, renal impairment, and
avoid infusion times longer than 60 minutes. Monitor CBC
prior to each dose.
Adverse effect: The adverse effects include:
myelosuppression (dose limiting), u-like symptoms
(occasionally dose-limiting), fatigue, fever, peripheral
edema, proteinuria, cutaneous reactions, and
gastrointestinal effects.
Dosage: Pancreatic cancer: 1000 mg/m
2
IV once weekly
for 7 consecutive doses non-small-cell lung cancer: 1000
mg/m
2
IV for 3 consecutive doses per cycle. Infusion time
more than 30 min may induce further adverse effects.
Dosage adjustment according to monitoring of the
platelet, WBC and agranulocytosis:
Agranulaocyte (x 10
6
/L) Platelet count (x 10
6
/L) % of Total Dose
>1000 And >100000 100
500-1000 Or 50000-100000 75
<500 Or <50000 Hold
Stability: The reconstituted solution is prepared with 5 ml
NS. The maximum concentration of reconstituted solution
is 40 mg/ml. The further diluted solution is stable for 24
hours at 15-30
.
Methotrexate- MTX (OMTX)Abitrexate (IMTX) (
Indication: Low dose therapy: choriocarcinoma,

lymphotic leukemia, breast carcinoma. High dose therapy:
malignant melanoma, osteogenic sarcoma, epidermoid
44 - - 45 - -
Cyclophosphamide-Endoxan-Asta
(Syklofosfamid) (ISYKL)
D

Indication: Acute leukemia, lymphomas, Hodgkins
disease, endometrial carcinoma, breast cancer,
sarcomas.
Contraindication: Hemorrhagic cystitis, diabetes
mellitus, renal and hepatic failure.
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, alopecia,
cystitis, nausea, vomiting, pulmonary brosis,
cardiotoxicity, skin rash.
Dosage: Initial: IV 2.5mg/kg/day; maintenance: 2.5mg/kg
twice week, oral 2.5mg/kg/day.
Stability: Cyclophosphamide 100 mg/L or 3.1 g/L in D5W,
1.5% or less cyclophosphamide decomposition in 8 hours
at 24 to 27
or 6 days at 5
. Cyclophosphamide 4
g/L in Sodium Chloride 0.9%, 3.5% cyclophosphamide
decomposition in 24 hours at room temperature and 1%
decomposition in 4 weeks under refrigeration.

Fluorouracil-5-FU (I5FU5)(
Indication: Carcinoma of the colon, rectum, breast, stomach

and pancreas.
Contraindication: Poor nutritional state, depressed bone
marrow function, azotemia, impaired liver function, and
serious infections.
Adverse effect: Nausea, stomatitis, diarrhoea,
thrombocytopenia, leucopenia, alopecia.
Dosage: IV push, infusion, IA, IP. 15mg/kg/day for 3 days,
maximum dose: 800 mg/day
Stability: Dextrose 5% in water with uorouracil 8.3 g/L in
a polyvinylchloride container, 10% decrease in
uorouracil concentration in 43 hours at room
t emperat ure. Fl uorouraci l 500mg/ L D5W or NS i s
compatible for 24 hours in glass or polyolen containers.
Supply: Inj 500mg/10ml/vial.
Gemcitabine HCL Gemzar (IGEMC) (IGEMCI)(
Indication: It can be used in advanced breast cancer,

non-small-cell lung cancer, pancreatic carcinoma, and
ovarian carcinoma.
Place in therapy: A greater intracellular accumulation of
active metabolites is achieved with gemcitabine relative
to cytarabine, and it may process superior antitumor
activity than cytarabin.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to gemcitabine; use
carefully in patients with hepatic dysfunction,
myelosuppression, pregnancy, renal impairment, and
avoid infusion times longer than 60 minutes. Monitor CBC
prior to each dose.
myelosuppression (dose limiting), u-like symptoms
(occasionally dose-limiting), fatigue, fever, peripheral
edema, proteinuria, cutaneous reactions, and
gastrointestinal effects.
Dosage: Pancreatic cancer: 1000 mg/m
2
IV once weekly
for 7 consecutive doses non-small-cell lung cancer: 1000
mg/m
2
IV for 3 consecutive doses per cycle. Infusion time
more than 30 min may induce further adverse effects.
Dosage adjustment according to monitoring of the
platelet, WBC and agranulocytosis:
Agranulaocyte (x 10
6
/L) Platelet count (x 10
6
/L) % of Total Dose
>1000 And >100000 100
500-1000 Or 50000-100000 75
<500 Or <50000 Hold
Stability: The reconstituted solution is prepared with 5 ml
NS. The maximum concentration of reconstituted solution
is 40 mg/ml. The further diluted solution is stable for 24
hours at 15-30
.
Methotrexate- MTX (OMTX)Abitrexate (IMTX) (
Indication: Low dose therapy: choriocarcinoma,

lymphotic leukemia, breast carcinoma. High dose therapy:
malignant melanoma, osteogenic sarcoma, epidermoid
46 - - 47 - -
carcinoma of neck and head, small cell carcinoma of lung.
Contraindication: Psoriatic patients with severe renal or
hepatic disorder, blood dyscrasia, pregnant women.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, diarrhoea, hepatic and lung
brosis.
Dosage: 2.5-5 mg/day or 15-50 mg/m
2
every 1-2 weeks,
IM, IT, PO; 12mg/m
2
twice weekly, IT.
Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics: Serum
levels: Following high dose therapy, a threshold for
bone-marrow and mucosal toxicity approximates 1.0 X
10
-6
mol/L 48 hours after dosing. To prevent toxicity,
palsma levels should be keep below 10
-5
mol/L at 24
hours, 5 X 10
-7
mol/L at 48 hours and 5 X 10
-8
mol/L at 72
hours. PO and IM absorption are rapid, peaking at 1-2
and 0.1-1 hour, respectively. Following IT dosing there is
slow diffusion of drug into the blood stream. PO and IM
doses less than 30 mg/m
2
are completely absorbed,
larger doses are only about 50-70% absorbed. Protein
binding is 60-70%, Vd is 0.5-1.0 L/Kg. Elimination Half-life:
(t1/2) Initial half-life: 2-4 hours; terminal half-life: 8-15
hours.
Stability: D5W with methotrexate 50mg/L is compatible for 24
hours in glass or polyolen containers; conditions not specied.
Methotrexate 50mg/mL in Sodium Chloride 0.9%, chemically is
stable for at least 1 week at 22 to 25
.
Supply: Tab 2.5mg; Inj 50mg/2 ml
Tegafur/Uracil Ufur (OUFUR)
Indication: Ufur is approved for treatment of stomach

cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer.
Place in therapy: Oral tegafur has offered hope of a
more convenient method of administering 5-fluorouracil,
and the minimal hematologic toxicity observed with oral
tegafur has suggested its use in combination with other
myelosuppressive agents without the need for significant
dose reduction. Uracil mustard is of value in the palliative
treatment of certain neoplasms such as chronic
lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and
chronic myelogenous leukemia. Uracil mustard is not
effective in acute lymphomas.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tegafur or uracil;
patient take sorivudine
Adverse effect: The toxicity prole of tegafur differs from
5-fluorouracil; nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, skin
rash, and neurotoxicity (dizziness, confusion, ataxia) are
the most frequent adverse events, which are minimized
by administration of the drug orally in continuous
low-dose regimens. Bone marrow depression is the
dose-limiting effect of uracil mustard therapy. At an
accumulated dose of 1 mg/kg, the risk of irreversible bone
marrow damage is high.
Dosage: 5-8 cap (tegafur 500-800 mg, 300-350
mg/m
2
/day) PO in 2-3 divided doses
Supply: Cap tegafur 100mg & uracil 224 mg
Bleomycin Hydrochloride-Bleocin(IBLEO) (
Indication: Squamous cell carcinoma of neck and head,

cervix vulvovaginal area, skin, penis and rectum; Hodgkins
and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, mycosis fugoids, testicular
tumor, lung cancer.
Contraindication: Lymphomas, renal impairment,
pulmonary disease.
Adverse effect: Stomatitis, alopecia, edema ngers, skin
hyperpigmentation, lung brosis, thrombophlebitis,
anorexia.
Dosage: IM, SC, IV push, in intermittent infusion: 7.5-15
mg/m
2
/day for 5 days, total maximum dose: 225-400U.
Stability: Bleomycin 300 U/L in D5W in a glass container,
10% reduction is observed in 11 hours at 25
, but little
further reduction in 24 hours. Bleomycin 0.3 U/mL (or
Bleomycin 3 U/mL) reconstituted with NS injection, no
decrease in bleomycin concentration for 24 hours when
stored at 22 to 25
in both glass and polyvinylchloride

containers.
46 - - 47 - -
carcinoma of neck and head, small cell carcinoma of lung.
Contraindication: Psoriatic patients with severe renal or
hepatic disorder, blood dyscrasia, pregnant women.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, leukopenia,
thrombocytopenia, stomatitis, diarrhoea, hepatic and lung
brosis.
Dosage: 2.5-5 mg/day or 15-50 mg/m
2
every 1-2 weeks,
IM, IT, PO; 12mg/m
2
twice weekly, IT.
Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics: Serum
levels: Following high dose therapy, a threshold for
bone-marrow and mucosal toxicity approximates 1.0 X
10
-6
mol/L 48 hours after dosing. To prevent toxicity,
palsma levels should be keep below 10
-5
mol/L at 24
hours, 5 X 10
-7
mol/L at 48 hours and 5 X 10
-8
mol/L at 72
hours. PO and IM absorption are rapid, peaking at 1-2
and 0.1-1 hour, respectively. Following IT dosing there is
slow diffusion of drug into the blood stream. PO and IM
doses less than 30 mg/m
2
are completely absorbed,
larger doses are only about 50-70% absorbed. Protein
binding is 60-70%, Vd is 0.5-1.0 L/Kg. Elimination Half-life:
(t1/2) Initial half-life: 2-4 hours; terminal half-life: 8-15
hours.
Stability: D5W with methotrexate 50mg/L is compatible for 24
hours in glass or polyolen containers; conditions not specied.
Methotrexate 50mg/mL in Sodium Chloride 0.9%, chemically is
stable for at least 1 week at 22 to 25
.
Supply: Tab 2.5mg; Inj 50mg/2 ml
Tegafur/Uracil Ufur (OUFUR)
Indication: Ufur is approved for treatment of stomach

cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer.
Place in therapy: Oral tegafur has offered hope of a
more convenient method of administering 5-fluorouracil,
and the minimal hematologic toxicity observed with oral
tegafur has suggested its use in combination with other
myelosuppressive agents without the need for significant
dose reduction. Uracil mustard is of value in the palliative
treatment of certain neoplasms such as chronic
lymphocytic leukemia, non-Hodgkins lymphoma, and
chronic myelogenous leukemia. Uracil mustard is not
effective in acute lymphomas.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tegafur or uracil;
patient take sorivudine
Adverse effect: The toxicity prole of tegafur differs from
5-fluorouracil; nausea, vomiting, stomatitis, diarrhea, skin
rash, and neurotoxicity (dizziness, confusion, ataxia) are
the most frequent adverse events, which are minimized
by administration of the drug orally in continuous
low-dose regimens. Bone marrow depression is the
dose-limiting effect of uracil mustard therapy. At an
accumulated dose of 1 mg/kg, the risk of irreversible bone
marrow damage is high.
Dosage: 5-8 cap (tegafur 500-800 mg, 300-350
mg/m
2
/day) PO in 2-3 divided doses
Supply: Cap tegafur 100mg & uracil 224 mg
Bleomycin Hydrochloride-Bleocin(IBLEO) (
Indication: Squamous cell carcinoma of neck and head,

cervix vulvovaginal area, skin, penis and rectum; Hodgkins
and non-Hodgkins lymphoma, mycosis fugoids, testicular
tumor, lung cancer.
Contraindication: Lymphomas, renal impairment,
pulmonary disease.
Adverse effect: Stomatitis, alopecia, edema ngers, skin
hyperpigmentation, lung brosis, thrombophlebitis,
anorexia.
Dosage: IM, SC, IV push, in intermittent infusion: 7.5-15
mg/m
2
/day for 5 days, total maximum dose: 225-400U.
Stability: Bleomycin 300 U/L in D5W in a glass container,
10% reduction is observed in 11 hours at 25
, but little
further reduction in 24 hours. Bleomycin 0.3 U/mL (or
Bleomycin 3 U/mL) reconstituted with NS injection, no
decrease in bleomycin concentration for 24 hours when
stored at 22 to 25
in both glass and polyvinylchloride

containers.
48 - - 49 - -

Mitomycin-Mitomycin(IMIT1)(
Indication: Adenocarcinoma of stomach, pancrease,

colon or breast; head and neck cancers; advanced biliary
ovarian; lung and cervical, squamous cell carcinomas;
transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Contraindication: Thrombocytopenia, coagulation
disorders.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, stomatitis, alopecia.
Dosage: 10mg/m
2
IV, every 3-4 weeks.
Stability: D5W with mitomycin 20 to 40 mg/L is stable for
3 hours at room temperature. Mitomycin 40 mg/L in NS is
reported less than 10% mitomycin loss reported in 24
hours at 25
.
Epirubicin HcI-Pharmorubicin (IPHAR) (
Indication: Breast carcinoma, malignant lymphomas,

soft tissue sarcomas, gastric and ovarian carcinomas.
Contraindication: Myelodepression, severe heart disease,
previous treatments with maximal cumulative doses of
adriamycin or daunoblastin.
Adverse effect: Cardiac toxicity, alopecia, mucositis,
gastro-intestinal disorders, hematologic toxicity.
Dosage: The recommended dose for single agent in
adult is 75-90 mg/m
2
body surfaces, as 3-5 minutes IV
injections 3 weekly when compatible with extent bone
marrow function.
Supply: Inj 10 mg

Tamoxifen-Tamoplex(OTAMO)
Indication: Advanced breast cancer.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tamoxifen, patients
with leukopenia or thrombocytopenia; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, reduced hemoglobulin,
gynecological problems (vaginal bleeding, menstrual
irregularities).
Dosage: 10-20 mg PO BID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Cyproterone-Androcur(OANDR)
Indication: Cyproterone acetate is an antiandrogen with
progestogenic activity. Use alone or in combination with
estrogens has demonstrated some degree of efcacy in a
variety of conditions, including advanced prostatic
carcinoma, hypersexual behavior disorders,
endometriosis, hirsutism, acne, post-orchiectomy hot
ashes, and lupus erythematosus
cyproterone acetate; malignant diseases other than
prostatic carcinoma; history of thromboembolic disorders;
acute liver disease
Adverse effect: Impotence, inhibition of spermatogenesis,
headache, lassitude, menstrual irregularities,
gynecomastia, galactorrhea, weight gain,
lipid abnormalities, gastrointestinal disturbances, and
anemia. Cardiovascular toxicity including fluid retention,
venous thromboembolism, myocardial ischemia, and
cerebrovascular accidents has occurred in 10% of
prostate cancer patients treated with the drug;
breathlessness has also been reported in prostate cancer
patients. Skin reaction, weight change, headache,
anaemia, gynaecomastia, abnormal spermatozoa,
nausea, hair pattern, infertility, and gastrointestinal
disturbance, decrease renal function.
Dosage: 50 mg BID, if necessary after 4 weeks, increase to
200-300 mg/day
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Bicalutamide Casodex (OCASO)
Indication: Bicalutamide is a pure nonsteroidal

antiandrogen. It is indicated for use in combination
therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
(LHRH) analogue for the treatment of Stage D
2

metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
48 - - 49 - -

Mitomycin-Mitomycin(IMIT1)(
Indication: Adenocarcinoma of stomach, pancrease,

colon or breast; head and neck cancers; advanced biliary
ovarian; lung and cervical, squamous cell carcinomas;
transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder.
Contraindication: Thrombocytopenia, coagulation
disorders.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, stomatitis, alopecia.
Dosage: 10mg/m
2
IV, every 3-4 weeks.
Stability: D5W with mitomycin 20 to 40 mg/L is stable for
3 hours at room temperature. Mitomycin 40 mg/L in NS is
reported less than 10% mitomycin loss reported in 24
hours at 25
.
Epirubicin HcI-Pharmorubicin (IPHAR) (
Indication: Breast carcinoma, malignant lymphomas,

soft tissue sarcomas, gastric and ovarian carcinomas.
Contraindication: Myelodepression, severe heart disease,
previous treatments with maximal cumulative doses of
adriamycin or daunoblastin.
Adverse effect: Cardiac toxicity, alopecia, mucositis,
gastro-intestinal disorders, hematologic toxicity.
Dosage: The recommended dose for single agent in
adult is 75-90 mg/m
2
body surfaces, as 3-5 minutes IV
injections 3 weekly when compatible with extent bone
marrow function.
Supply: Inj 10 mg

Tamoxifen-Tamoplex(OTAMO)
Indication: Advanced breast cancer.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tamoxifen, patients
with leukopenia or thrombocytopenia; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, reduced hemoglobulin,
gynecological problems (vaginal bleeding, menstrual
irregularities).
Dosage: 10-20 mg PO BID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Cyproterone-Androcur(OANDR)
Indication: Cyproterone acetate is an antiandrogen with
progestogenic activity. Use alone or in combination with
estrogens has demonstrated some degree of efcacy in a
variety of conditions, including advanced prostatic
carcinoma, hypersexual behavior disorders,
endometriosis, hirsutism, acne, post-orchiectomy hot
ashes, and lupus erythematosus
cyproterone acetate; malignant diseases other than
prostatic carcinoma; history of thromboembolic disorders;
acute liver disease
Adverse effect: Impotence, inhibition of spermatogenesis,
headache, lassitude, menstrual irregularities,
gynecomastia, galactorrhea, weight gain,
lipid abnormalities, gastrointestinal disturbances, and
anemia. Cardiovascular toxicity including fluid retention,
venous thromboembolism, myocardial ischemia, and
cerebrovascular accidents has occurred in 10% of
prostate cancer patients treated with the drug;
breathlessness has also been reported in prostate cancer
patients. Skin reaction, weight change, headache,
anaemia, gynaecomastia, abnormal spermatozoa,
nausea, hair pattern, infertility, and gastrointestinal
disturbance, decrease renal function.
Dosage: 50 mg BID, if necessary after 4 weeks, increase to
200-300 mg/day
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Bicalutamide Casodex (OCASO)
Indication: Bicalutamide is a pure nonsteroidal

antiandrogen. It is indicated for use in combination
therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
(LHRH) analogue for the treatment of Stage D
2

metastatic carcinoma of the prostate.
50 - - 51 - -
Place in therapy: Its long half-life enables once-daily
dosing, an advantage over flutamide; it may also be less
toxic than utamide.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bicalutamide;
pregnancy; women
Adverse effect: Bicalutamide should not be used in
women, especially in women who are or may become
pregnant. Severe liver injury resulting in death has been
reported. The predominant adverse effects of
bicalutamide are hot ashes, breast tenderness,
gynecomastia, pain (general, back, pelvic) asthenia and
constipation. Loss of libido and impotence are relatively
infrequent. Bicalutamide is not peripherally selective;
increased luteinizing hormone and serum testosterone
levels occur during therapy.
Dosage: Adults: 50 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Oral absorption is slow from the GI
tract, with peak serum levels occurring 16 hours after
doses of 50 mg; signicant accumulation (tenfold) occurs
with repeat daily doses.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Flutamide-Fuprostate (OFUPR)

Indication: Treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma
Place in therapy: Flutamide is a non-steroidal
non-hormonal antiandroge. In treating prostate cancer,
flutamide compares favorably to DES and leuprolide
monotherapy. Flutamide represents a less toxic
alternative to DES or surgical orchiectomy and provides
additional benet when used in combination with
leuprolide in patients with carcinoma of the prostate and
as such will be a useful formulary addition.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to utamide; severe
hepatic impairment
Adverse effect: Gynecomastia and galactorrhea are the
most frequently reported adverse effects. Other adverse
effects include diarrhea, which has resulted in
non-compliance, nausea, and vomiting and transient
serum transaminase elevations.
Dosage: 250 mg PO TID; Doses of 1.5 g/day have also
been effective, without increased toxicity.
Pharmacokinetics: Flutamide is rapidly and completely
absorbed after oral administration; the elimination half-life
is 5 to 6 hours.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Leuprorelin acetate-Leuplin Depot
(ILEUP)(
)(IZOLA)(
Indication: Palliative treatment of advanced prostatic

carcinoma, central precocious puberty, endometriosis.
Place in therapy: The drug appears to be as effective as
diethylstilbestrol (3 mg daily) in the palliative treatment of
metastatic prostate cancer, but with a lower order of toxicity.
The effectiveness in the treatment of endometriosis is
equivalent to danazol. It has also been used to ovarian
stimulation for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to leuprolide, GnRH,
or GnRH analogs; spinal-cord compression (orchiectomy
suggested); pregnancy; undiagnosed abnormal vaginal
bleeding; breast-feeding.
Adverse effect: Vasomotor hot ashes, edema,
gynecomastia, bone pain, thrombosis, and GI
disturbances.
Dosage: Prostatic cancer: 3.75 mg SC or IM once a
month; endometriosis: 3.75 mg SC or IM once a month,
initiate at 1st-5th day after the start of menstrual period;
central precocious puberty: 300 g/kg/dose IM every 28
days (minimum dose: 7.5 mg).
Stability: The Leuprorelin vials should be avoided
freezing the product and protected from light and stored
in the carton until used. The potency of the reconstituted
suspension has been shown to be stable for 24 hours.
Supply: Depot inj 3.75 mg/vial
12:00 Autonomic Drugs
50 - - 51 - -
Place in therapy: Its long half-life enables once-daily
dosing, an advantage over flutamide; it may also be less
toxic than utamide.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bicalutamide;
pregnancy; women
Adverse effect: Bicalutamide should not be used in
women, especially in women who are or may become
pregnant. Severe liver injury resulting in death has been
reported. The predominant adverse effects of
bicalutamide are hot ashes, breast tenderness,
gynecomastia, pain (general, back, pelvic) asthenia and
constipation. Loss of libido and impotence are relatively
infrequent. Bicalutamide is not peripherally selective;
increased luteinizing hormone and serum testosterone
levels occur during therapy.
Pharmacokinetics: Oral absorption is slow from the GI
tract, with peak serum levels occurring 16 hours after
doses of 50 mg; signicant accumulation (tenfold) occurs
with repeat daily doses.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Flutamide-Fuprostate (OFUPR)

Indication: Treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma
Place in therapy: Flutamide is a non-steroidal
non-hormonal antiandroge. In treating prostate cancer,
flutamide compares favorably to DES and leuprolide
monotherapy. Flutamide represents a less toxic
alternative to DES or surgical orchiectomy and provides
additional benet when used in combination with
leuprolide in patients with carcinoma of the prostate and
as such will be a useful formulary addition.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to utamide; severe
hepatic impairment
Adverse effect: Gynecomastia and galactorrhea are the
most frequently reported adverse effects. Other adverse
effects include diarrhea, which has resulted in
non-compliance, nausea, and vomiting and transient
serum transaminase elevations.
Dosage: 250 mg PO TID; Doses of 1.5 g/day have also
been effective, without increased toxicity.
Pharmacokinetics: Flutamide is rapidly and completely
absorbed after oral administration; the elimination half-life
is 5 to 6 hours.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Leuprorelin acetate-Leuplin Depot
(ILEUP)(
)(IZOLA)(
Indication: Palliative treatment of advanced prostatic

carcinoma, central precocious puberty, endometriosis.
Place in therapy: The drug appears to be as effective as
diethylstilbestrol (3 mg daily) in the palliative treatment of
metastatic prostate cancer, but with a lower order of toxicity.
The effectiveness in the treatment of endometriosis is
equivalent to danazol. It has also been used to ovarian
stimulation for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer procedure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to leuprolide, GnRH,
or GnRH analogs; spinal-cord compression (orchiectomy
suggested); pregnancy; undiagnosed abnormal vaginal
bleeding; breast-feeding.
Adverse effect: Vasomotor hot ashes, edema,
gynecomastia, bone pain, thrombosis, and GI
disturbances.
Dosage: Prostatic cancer: 3.75 mg SC or IM once a
month; endometriosis: 3.75 mg SC or IM once a month,
initiate at 1st-5th day after the start of menstrual period;
central precocious puberty: 300 g/kg/dose IM every 28
days (minimum dose: 7.5 mg).
Stability: The Leuprorelin vials should be avoided
freezing the product and protected from light and stored
in the carton until used. The potency of the reconstituted
suspension has been shown to be stable for 24 hours.
Supply: Depot inj 3.75 mg/vial
12:00 Autonomic Drugs
52 - - 53 - -
12:04 Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic) Agents
Neostigmine methylsulfate -Neostigmine
(INEOS)(
)[C]
Indication: Myasthenia gravis (diagnosis and treatment)
antidote for tubocurarine, postoperative urinary retention
and distension.
Contraindication: Mechanical intestinal or urinary
obstruction, bradycardia, bronchial asthma, coronary
occlusion, epilepsy, hypotension, Pparkinsonism.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
and diarrhea, salivation, sweating, miosis, anorexia,
increased bronchial secretion, bronchoconstriction,
bradycardia, and hypotension
Dosage: Myasthenia gravis: 0.5 mg Q4-6H, IM or SC;
Antidote of tubocurarine: 0.5-2 mg with atropine sulfate
(0.6-1.2 mg) by slow IV injection.
Supply: Inj 0.5 mg/ml/amp
Pyridostigmine bromide-Mestinon (OMEST)
Indication: Myasthenia gravis, reversal of

nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, intestinal atony, atonic
constipation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, mechanical intestinal
or urinary obstruction, bronchial asthma, coronary
occlusion, history of reaction to bromide.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps,
miosis, increase salivation and bronchial secretion,
bradycardia, hypotension.
Dosage: Myasthenia gravis: 60-80 mg BID-QID.
Intestinal atony, atonic constipation: 60 mg as required
(Q4H)
Supply: Tab 60 mg.
Bethanechol-Dampurine(ODAMP)
Indication: Post-op urinary retention & atony of the

bladder, post-partum urinary retention. Post-op
abdominal distention, and congenital megacolon.
Contraindication: Avoid use when the strength or
integrity of the GI or bladder wall is compromised or in the
presence of mechanical obstruction. Hyperthyroidism,
peptic ulcer, latent or active bronchial asthma,
pronounced bradycardi a, hypot ensi on, vasomot or
instability, coronary artery disease, epilepsy &
Parkinsonism.
Adverse effect: Abdominal cramps or discomfort,
flushing of the skin, sweating. Malaise, headache, fall in
BP. Colicky pain, diarrhea, urinary urgency, bronchial
constriction. Nausea & belching.
Dosage: 10-50 mg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Donepezil Aricept (OARIC
) (OARIC
Indication: Donepezil is a centrally active

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It has efcacy in
mild-to-moderate Alzheimers disease when given once
daily.
Place in therapy: Donepezil possesses a high degree of
selectivity for central nervous system
acetylcholinesterase, with a low propensity for peripheral
activity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to donepezil or
piperidine derivatives. Use with caution in patients with
active gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, COPD, seizure,
and sick sinus syndrome.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, muscle cramps, insomnia, fatigue, and anorexia.
Dosage: Adults: mild-to-moderate Alzheimers disease: 5
or 10 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Rivastigmine Exelon (OEXEL
Indication: Rivastigmine is a carbamate

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with regional selectivity for
the hippocampus and cortex. It is indicated for the
treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the
52 - - 53 - -
12:04 Parasympathomimetic (Cholinergic) Agents
Neostigmine methylsulfate -Neostigmine
(INEOS)(
)[C]
Indication: Myasthenia gravis (diagnosis and treatment)
antidote for tubocurarine, postoperative urinary retention
and distension.
Contraindication: Mechanical intestinal or urinary
obstruction, bradycardia, bronchial asthma, coronary
occlusion, epilepsy, hypotension, Pparkinsonism.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
and diarrhea, salivation, sweating, miosis, anorexia,
increased bronchial secretion, bronchoconstriction,
bradycardia, and hypotension
Dosage: Myasthenia gravis: 0.5 mg Q4-6H, IM or SC;
Antidote of tubocurarine: 0.5-2 mg with atropine sulfate
(0.6-1.2 mg) by slow IV injection.
Pyridostigmine bromide-Mestinon (OMEST)
Indication: Myasthenia gravis, reversal of

nondepolarizing muscle relaxants, intestinal atony, atonic
constipation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, mechanical intestinal
or urinary obstruction, bronchial asthma, coronary
occlusion, history of reaction to bromide.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps,
miosis, increase salivation and bronchial secretion,
bradycardia, hypotension.
Dosage: Myasthenia gravis: 60-80 mg BID-QID.
Intestinal atony, atonic constipation: 60 mg as required
(Q4H)
Supply: Tab 60 mg.
Bethanechol-Dampurine(ODAMP)
Indication: Post-op urinary retention & atony of the

bladder, post-partum urinary retention. Post-op
abdominal distention, and congenital megacolon.
Contraindication: Avoid use when the strength or
integrity of the GI or bladder wall is compromised or in the
presence of mechanical obstruction. Hyperthyroidism,
peptic ulcer, latent or active bronchial asthma,
pronounced bradycardi a, hypot ensi on, vasomot or
instability, coronary artery disease, epilepsy &
Parkinsonism.
Adverse effect: Abdominal cramps or discomfort,
flushing of the skin, sweating. Malaise, headache, fall in
BP. Colicky pain, diarrhea, urinary urgency, bronchial
constriction. Nausea & belching.
Dosage: 10-50 mg/day in 3-4 divided doses.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Donepezil Aricept (OARIC
) (OARIC
Indication: Donepezil is a centrally active

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It has efcacy in
mild-to-moderate Alzheimers disease when given once
daily.
Place in therapy: Donepezil possesses a high degree of
selectivity for central nervous system
acetylcholinesterase, with a low propensity for peripheral
activity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to donepezil or
piperidine derivatives. Use with caution in patients with
active gastrointestinal diseases, asthma, COPD, seizure,
and sick sinus syndrome.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea, muscle cramps, insomnia, fatigue, and anorexia.
Dosage: Adults: mild-to-moderate Alzheimers disease: 5
or 10 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Rivastigmine Exelon (OEXEL
Indication: Rivastigmine is a carbamate

acetylcholinesterase inhibitor with regional selectivity for
the hippocampus and cortex. It is indicated for the
treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the
54 - - 55 - -
Alzheimers type.
Place in therapy: Rivastigmine appears to have greater
central than peripheral activity, which may result in fewer
peripheral adverse events. Donepezil and rivastigmine
were found to be equally effective in providing cognitive
improvement in patients with mild to moderate
Alzheimers disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rivastigmine or
carbamate derivatives
Adverse effect: Use of rivastigmine is associated with
signicant gastrointestinal effects including nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Other frequently
occurring adverse effects include fatigue, asthenia,
dizziness, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, insomnia and
confusion.
Dosage: Adults: Initially 1.5 mg PO BID then titrated to
6-12 mg daily; do not exceed 12 mg/day
Pharmacokinetics: Inhibition of plasma cholinesterase is
observed for up to 10 hours.
Supply: Cap 1.5 mg
Galantamine HBr-Reminyl(OREMI
Indication: Mild to moderately severe dementia of the

Alzheimer type.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to galantamine or any
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, dyspepsia, anorexia, fatigue
Dosage: Initially 8 mg/day for 4 weeks, maintenance 16
mg/day for least 4 weeks, may be increased to MAX of 24
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 8 mg
12:08 Anticholinergic Agents
12:08.08 Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics
Atropine sulfate (IATRO)
Indication: Antisecretory, antispasmodics, treatment of

acute poisoning of parasympathomimetic agents.
Contraindication: Prostatic enlargement, paralytic ileus,
pyloric stenosis, glaucoma, tachycardia.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, increasing ocular tension,
pupils dilatation, dry mouth, blurred vision, dysurea,
headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, restlessness,
and rash.
Dosage: Anticholinergic: 0.4-0.6 mg IV, SC.
Preanesthetic medication: 0.3-0.6 mg, SC, IM or IV.
Antidote of cholinesterase inhibitor: 2-4 mg IV then 2 mg,
every 5-10 min, IM, until muscarinic symptoms disappear
or atropine toxicity appear.
Stability: Atropine is incompatible with alkaline solution;
decomposition reported.
Supply: Inj 1mg/ml/amp

Hyoscyamine-Buwecon (OBUWE)
Indication: Gastric ulcers, gastric hypersecretion,

visceral spasm & hypermotility in spastic colitis, spastic
bladder, pylorospasm, vomiting during pregnancy, cystitis
& dysmenorrhoea.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, obstructive uropathy,
obstructive disease of the GIT, paralytic ileus, intestinal
atony of elderly or debiliated patients, unstable CV status
in acute haemorrhage, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic
megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis, myasthenia
gravis.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, urinary hesitancy & retention,
blurred vision, tachycardia, palpitation, mydriasis,
cycloplegia, increased ocular tension, loss of taste,
headache, nervousness, drowsiness, weakness,
dizziness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, impotence,
suppression of lactation, constipation, bloated feeling,
urticaria, ataxia, speech disturbance, mental confusion
&/or excitement & decreased sweating.
Dosage: Adult & children >12 years 1-2 tab 4 hrly. Max:
54 - - 55 - -
Alzheimers type.
Place in therapy: Rivastigmine appears to have greater
central than peripheral activity, which may result in fewer
peripheral adverse events. Donepezil and rivastigmine
were found to be equally effective in providing cognitive
improvement in patients with mild to moderate
Alzheimers disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rivastigmine or
carbamate derivatives
Adverse effect: Use of rivastigmine is associated with
signicant gastrointestinal effects including nausea,
vomiting, anorexia, and weight loss. Other frequently
occurring adverse effects include fatigue, asthenia,
dizziness, headache, diarrhea, dyspepsia, insomnia and
confusion.
Dosage: Adults: Initially 1.5 mg PO BID then titrated to
6-12 mg daily; do not exceed 12 mg/day
Pharmacokinetics: Inhibition of plasma cholinesterase is
observed for up to 10 hours.
Supply: Cap 1.5 mg
Galantamine HBr-Reminyl(OREMI
Indication: Mild to moderately severe dementia of the

Alzheimer type.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to galantamine or any
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, dyspepsia, anorexia, fatigue
Dosage: Initially 8 mg/day for 4 weeks, maintenance 16
mg/day for least 4 weeks, may be increased to MAX of 24
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 8 mg
12:08 Anticholinergic Agents
12:08.08 Antimuscarinics/Antispasmodics
Atropine sulfate (IATRO)
Indication: Antisecretory, antispasmodics, treatment of

acute poisoning of parasympathomimetic agents.
Contraindication: Prostatic enlargement, paralytic ileus,
pyloric stenosis, glaucoma, tachycardia.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, increasing ocular tension,
pupils dilatation, dry mouth, blurred vision, dysurea,
headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, restlessness,
and rash.
Dosage: Anticholinergic: 0.4-0.6 mg IV, SC.
Preanesthetic medication: 0.3-0.6 mg, SC, IM or IV.
Antidote of cholinesterase inhibitor: 2-4 mg IV then 2 mg,
every 5-10 min, IM, until muscarinic symptoms disappear
or atropine toxicity appear.
Stability: Atropine is incompatible with alkaline solution;
decomposition reported.

Hyoscyamine-Buwecon (OBUWE)
Indication: Gastric ulcers, gastric hypersecretion,

visceral spasm & hypermotility in spastic colitis, spastic
bladder, pylorospasm, vomiting during pregnancy, cystitis
& dysmenorrhoea.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, obstructive uropathy,
obstructive disease of the GIT, paralytic ileus, intestinal
atony of elderly or debiliated patients, unstable CV status
in acute haemorrhage, severe ulcerative colitis, toxic
megacolon complicating ulcerative colitis, myasthenia
gravis.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, urinary hesitancy & retention,
blurred vision, tachycardia, palpitation, mydriasis,
cycloplegia, increased ocular tension, loss of taste,
headache, nervousness, drowsiness, weakness,
dizziness, insomnia, nausea, vomiting, impotence,
suppression of lactation, constipation, bloated feeling,
urticaria, ataxia, speech disturbance, mental confusion
&/or excitement & decreased sweating.
Dosage: Adult & children >12 years 1-2 tab 4 hrly. Max:
56 - - 57 - -
12 tab/day. Children 2-12 years 0.5-1 tab 4 hrly. Max: 6
tab/day.
Supply: Tab 0.125 mg
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide-Buscopan
(IBUSC) (
)(OBUSC)[C]
Indication: Gastric and duodenal ulcer, intestinal colic,
cholelithicolic, claming delirium.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, glaucoma,
tachycardia, GI obstructive, mega colon, ulcerative colitis,
and myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, blurred
vision, constipation, tachycardia, drowsiness, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting, headache, ushing.
Dosage: Oral, 10-20mg TID-QID; IM, IV, SC, 20 mg
several times daily
Supply: Inj 20 mg/ml/amp; Tab 10 mg
Ipratropium bromide-Atrovent (MDI)
(EATRO)(EATROV)Ipratran(EIPRA)
Indication: Bronchospasm associated with COPD,

asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
Pharmacology: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic
bronchodilator.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; caution in patients
with acute narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic
hypertrophy, bladder-neck obstruction.
Adverse effect: Dryness (25%), bitter or bad taste in the
mouth, paradoxical deterioration in pulmonary function
resulting in bronchoconstriction.
Dosage: Inhalation, 1-2 puffs TID-QID, MAX 12 puffs/day;
Nebulization, 1 vial TID-QID, the next vial should be
inhaled at least 2 hours later, Max 2 mg/day
Supply: Nebular solution 0.5 mg/2 ml/vial (Atrovent;
Ipratran); Inhaler 0.02 mg/puff, 200 puffs/set
Tiotropium-Spiriva(ESPIR)
Indication: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm

associated with COPD (bronchitis and emphysema).
Pharmacology: Blockade of muscarinic receptor
subtypes M1 and M3, facilitating bronchodilation and
reducing mucus secretion.
Pharmacokinetics: Poorly absorbed from GI tract,
systemic absorption may occur from lung. Protein binding
72%; following inhalation, time to peak plasma: 5 min;
bioavailability 19.5%; elimination half-life 5-6 days.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to atropine or its
derivatives, tiotropium, ipratropium, or any component of
the formulation (contains lactose); not for use as an acute
(rescue) bronchodilator.
Adverse effect: Increased heart rate, constipation,
xerostomia, blurred vision, glaucoma, difficulty passing
urine, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis;
pharyngeal irritation.
Dosage: Oral inhalation: one capsule (18 mcg) inhaled
once daily using HandiHaler
inhalation device. Plasma

concentrations increase in renal impairment, use caution;
no specic dosage adjustment recommended.
Supply: Powder for oral inhalation 18 mcg/capsule
[packaged in 30s with HandiHaler
device]
Pinaverium Delibs(ODELI)
Indication: Pinaverium is a calcium channel-blocking
agent (spasmolytic) used for the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pinaverium
bromide or bromides
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of pinaverium
include epigastric pain and/or fullness, heartburn,
constipation, abdominal distention, dry mouth, headache,
and drowsiness.
Dosage: Irritable bowel syndrome: 50 mg PO TID; Give
with food to minimize irritation of esophageal mucosa.
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life of approximately
1.5 hour
Supply: Tab 50 mg
56 - - 57 - -
12 tab/day. Children 2-12 years 0.5-1 tab 4 hrly. Max: 6
tab/day.
Supply: Tab 0.125 mg
Hyoscine-N-butylbromide-Buscopan
(IBUSC) (
)(OBUSC)[C]
Indication: Gastric and duodenal ulcer, intestinal colic,
cholelithicolic, claming delirium.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, glaucoma,
tachycardia, GI obstructive, mega colon, ulcerative colitis,
and myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, urinary hesitancy, blurred
vision, constipation, tachycardia, drowsiness, dizziness,
nausea, vomiting, headache, ushing.
Dosage: Oral, 10-20mg TID-QID; IM, IV, SC, 20 mg
several times daily
Ipratropium bromide-Atrovent (MDI)
(EATRO)(EATROV)Ipratran(EIPRA)
Indication: Bronchospasm associated with COPD,

asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema
Pharmacology: Ipratropium is an anticholinergic
bronchodilator.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; caution in patients
with acute narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic
hypertrophy, bladder-neck obstruction.
Adverse effect: Dryness (25%), bitter or bad taste in the
mouth, paradoxical deterioration in pulmonary function
resulting in bronchoconstriction.
Dosage: Inhalation, 1-2 puffs TID-QID, MAX 12 puffs/day;
Nebulization, 1 vial TID-QID, the next vial should be
inhaled at least 2 hours later, Max 2 mg/day
Supply: Nebular solution 0.5 mg/2 ml/vial (Atrovent;
Ipratran); Inhaler 0.02 mg/puff, 200 puffs/set
Tiotropium-Spiriva(ESPIR)
Indication: Maintenance treatment of bronchospasm

associated with COPD (bronchitis and emphysema).
Pharmacology: Blockade of muscarinic receptor
subtypes M1 and M3, facilitating bronchodilation and
reducing mucus secretion.
Pharmacokinetics: Poorly absorbed from GI tract,
systemic absorption may occur from lung. Protein binding
72%; following inhalation, time to peak plasma: 5 min;
bioavailability 19.5%; elimination half-life 5-6 days.
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to atropine or its
derivatives, tiotropium, ipratropium, or any component of
the formulation (contains lactose); not for use as an acute
(rescue) bronchodilator.
Adverse effect: Increased heart rate, constipation,
xerostomia, blurred vision, glaucoma, difficulty passing
urine, upper respiratory tract infection, sinusitis;
pharyngeal irritation.
Dosage: Oral inhalation: one capsule (18 mcg) inhaled
once daily using HandiHaler
inhalation device. Plasma

concentrations increase in renal impairment, use caution;
no specic dosage adjustment recommended.
Supply: Powder for oral inhalation 18 mcg/capsule
[packaged in 30s with HandiHaler
device]
Pinaverium Delibs(ODELI)
Indication: Pinaverium is a calcium channel-blocking
agent (spasmolytic) used for the treatment of
gastrointestinal disorders.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pinaverium
bromide or bromides
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of pinaverium
include epigastric pain and/or fullness, heartburn,
constipation, abdominal distention, dry mouth, headache,
and drowsiness.
Dosage: Irritable bowel syndrome: 50 mg PO TID; Give
with food to minimize irritation of esophageal mucosa.
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life of approximately
1.5 hour
Supply: Tab 50 mg
58 - - 59 - -
Timepidium bromide-Sesden(OSESD)
Indication: Relief of pain due to spasm of smooth muscle
and pain due to physical motion disorder associated with
the following diseases: Gastritis, gastric and duodenal
ulcer, enteritis, gallbladder and bile-duct disease, and
lithangiuria. Relief of pain caused by pancreatitis.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, dysuria caused by
prostatomegaly, severe cardiac disease, paralytic ileus,
history of hypersensitivity to this drug.
Adverse effect: Photophobia, headache, vertigo,
sleeping, thirst, constipation, anorexia palpitation,
eruption, dysuria, nausea.
Dosage: Adults: PO 1 Cap TID
Supply: Cap 30 mg
Alverine citrate- Soverine(OSOVE)
Indication: Dysmenorrhea & pre-menstrual pain;
selective muscle spasmolytic in conditions eg. Irritable
bowel syndrome, painful diverticular disease of the colon.
Contraindication: Paralytic ileus.
Dosage: 1 or 2 cap once-tid.
Supply: Cap 60 mg
Mebeverine HCI - Bebenline(OBEBE)(
)
Indication: Antispasmodic in GI disorders.
Contraindication: No contraindication with glaucoma or
prostatic hypertrophy.
Adverse effect: Prolonged use may lower blood pressure.
Dosage: 135 mg TID
Supply: Tab 135 mg
12:12 Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents
12:12.04
-Adrenergic Agonists
Midodrine HCI-Midorine (OMIDO)

Indication: Treatment of symptomatic orthostatic
hypotension. Adjunct in the management of urinary
incontinence.
Contraindication: Severe organic heart disease, acute
renal disease, urinary retention, pheochromocytoma, t
hyrotoxicosis.
Adverse effect: Supine hypertension (discontinue),
paresthesia, pruritus, goosebumps, chills, dysuria.
Dosage: 1-2 tab bid-tid
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
12:12.08
Adrenergic Agonists
12:12.08.04 non-selective
-adrenergic
agonists
Isoproterenol-Proternol-L (IPROT)
Indication: Bronchial spasm.

Contraindication: Acute coronary disease, cardiac
arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, digitalis intoxication,
hypertension, do not use with adrenaline at the same time,
but may be used alternately.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, palpitation, hypotension,
headache, precordial pain, ushing, nervousness, tremor,
weakness.
Dosage: IV drip 0.5-5 mcg/min, dosage must be
monitoring.
12:12.08.08 selective
1
adrenergic agonists

Dopamine HCI-Dopamin (IDOPA)
Indication: Correction of hemodynamic imbalance

present in shock acute renal failure, poor perfusion of vital
organs, low cardiac output, and hypotension.
Contraindication: Pheochromocytoma, uncorrected
tachycardias, or ventricular brillation.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, ectropic beats,
palpitation tachycardia, angina pain, dyspnea, headache,
excessive vasoconstriction, hypertension.
58 - - 59 - -
Timepidium bromide-Sesden(OSESD)
Indication: Relief of pain due to spasm of smooth muscle
and pain due to physical motion disorder associated with
the following diseases: Gastritis, gastric and duodenal
ulcer, enteritis, gallbladder and bile-duct disease, and
lithangiuria. Relief of pain caused by pancreatitis.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, dysuria caused by
prostatomegaly, severe cardiac disease, paralytic ileus,
history of hypersensitivity to this drug.
Adverse effect: Photophobia, headache, vertigo,
sleeping, thirst, constipation, anorexia palpitation,
eruption, dysuria, nausea.
Dosage: Adults: PO 1 Cap TID
Supply: Cap 30 mg
Alverine citrate- Soverine(OSOVE)
Indication: Dysmenorrhea & pre-menstrual pain;
selective muscle spasmolytic in conditions eg. Irritable
bowel syndrome, painful diverticular disease of the colon.
Contraindication: Paralytic ileus.
Dosage: 1 or 2 cap once-tid.
Supply: Cap 60 mg
Mebeverine HCI - Bebenline(OBEBE)(
)
Indication: Antispasmodic in GI disorders.
Contraindication: No contraindication with glaucoma or
prostatic hypertrophy.
Adverse effect: Prolonged use may lower blood pressure.
Dosage: 135 mg TID
Supply: Tab 135 mg
12:12 Sympathomimetic (Adrenergic) Agents
12:12.04
-Adrenergic Agonists
Midodrine HCI-Midorine (OMIDO)

Indication: Treatment of symptomatic orthostatic
hypotension. Adjunct in the management of urinary
incontinence.
Contraindication: Severe organic heart disease, acute
renal disease, urinary retention, pheochromocytoma, t
hyrotoxicosis.
Adverse effect: Supine hypertension (discontinue),
paresthesia, pruritus, goosebumps, chills, dysuria.
Dosage: 1-2 tab bid-tid
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
12:12.08
Adrenergic Agonists
12:12.08.04 non-selective
-adrenergic
agonists
Isoproterenol-Proternol-L (IPROT)
Indication: Bronchial spasm.

arrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, digitalis intoxication,
hypertension, do not use with adrenaline at the same time,
but may be used alternately.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, palpitation, hypotension,
headache, precordial pain, ushing, nervousness, tremor,
weakness.
Dosage: IV drip 0.5-5 mcg/min, dosage must be
monitoring.
1
adrenergic agonists

Dopamine HCI-Dopamin (IDOPA)
Indication: Correction of hemodynamic imbalance

present in shock acute renal failure, poor perfusion of vital
organs, low cardiac output, and hypotension.
Contraindication: Pheochromocytoma, uncorrected
tachycardias, or ventricular brillation.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, ectropic beats,
palpitation tachycardia, angina pain, dyspnea, headache,
excessive vasoconstriction, hypertension.
60 - - 61 - -
Dosage: IV drip 5-10 mcg/kg/min as needed, do not add to
alkali solution.
Stability: D5W with dopamine 400 mg/L is compatible for 24
hours in glass or polyolen container. D5W in 0.9% NS with
dopamine 800 mg/L is less than 5% decomposed for 48 hours
at 25
in glass container.
Supply: Inj 40 mg/ml, 5 ml/amp
Dobutamine HCI-Dobuject (IDOBU)
Indication: Used to increase cardiac output in the

short-term treatment of patients with cardiac
decompensation caused by depressed contractility from
organic heart disease or cardiac surgical procedures.
Contraindication: Patients with idiopathic hypertropic
subaortic stenosis.
Adverse effect: Ectopic heartbeats, increased heart rate,
angina, chest pain, palpitation, and elevations in blood
pressure.
Dosage: The rate of infusion needed to increase cardiac
output is 2.5-10 mcg/kg/min. On rare occasions infusion
rates up to 40 mcg/kg/min have been required to obtain the
desired effect.
Stability: In D5W 250 mg/L it is stable for 48 hours at
25
, and no decomposition in 7 days at 5
. In NS 2 g/L it
is visually compatible for 24 hours.
Supply: Inj 250 mg/5 ml/amp
2
adrenergic agonists
Albuterol (Salbutamol)-Ventolin (EVENT)
(EVENI)(OVENT)Buventol(EBUVE)(
Indication: Bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and

emphysema.
Contraindication: Thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to
sympatho-mimetic amines.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, nausea, tremor,
palpitation, nervousness, leg cramps.
Dosage: Metered dose inhaler 100-200 g 3-4 times
daily, a minimum of 3 hrs is required between doses.
Solution for inhalation, a dose of 2.5 mg diluted to 3 ml
with normal saline, 3-4 times daily by nebulization.
Supply: Nebules 5 mg/2.5 ml; Inhaler 100 g/actuation,
200 actuation/box; Tab 2 mg; Easyhaler 200 g/dose, 200
dose/box
Bambuterol-Baburol (OBABU)
Indication: Bambuterol is a prodrug of terbutaline.

Bambuterol enables once-daily oral dosing of terbutaline
for the treatment of asthma, but long-term studies
involving larger patient populations are required to
conrm its efcacy and ultimate place in therapy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bambuterol,
terbutaline, or other sympathomimetic amines.
Adverse effect: Tremor, palpitations, headache,
uneasiness, and increases in heart rate have been
reported.
Dosage: Asthma: 20-30 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Bambuterol is slowly hydrolyzed to
terbutaline in the plasma by cholinesterase. Stable
terbutaline plasma levels and adequate bronchodilation
have been reported for 24 hours with once-daily doses of
bambuterol; the elimination half-life of terbutaline after
bambuterol administration is extended to approximately
20 hours, compared to 3 to 4 hours following oral doses
of conventional terbutaline tablets.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Procaterol HCI-Meptin(BMEPL)
Indication: Procaterol is indicated primarily in the treatment
of asthma.
Place in therapy: Procaterol appears to be at least as
effective as albuterol, similar in efcacy to metaproterenol,
and less effective than terbutaline.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to procaterol.
Adverse effect: Side effects include: nervousness,
tremor and headache; EKG changes, tachycardia and
60 - - 61 - -
Dosage: IV drip 5-10 mcg/kg/min as needed, do not add to
alkali solution.
Stability: D5W with dopamine 400 mg/L is compatible for 24
hours in glass or polyolen container. D5W in 0.9% NS with
dopamine 800 mg/L is less than 5% decomposed for 48 hours
at 25
in glass container.
Dobutamine HCI-Dobuject (IDOBU)
Indication: Used to increase cardiac output in the

short-term treatment of patients with cardiac
decompensation caused by depressed contractility from
organic heart disease or cardiac surgical procedures.
Contraindication: Patients with idiopathic hypertropic
subaortic stenosis.
Adverse effect: Ectopic heartbeats, increased heart rate,
angina, chest pain, palpitation, and elevations in blood
pressure.
Dosage: The rate of infusion needed to increase cardiac
output is 2.5-10 mcg/kg/min. On rare occasions infusion
rates up to 40 mcg/kg/min have been required to obtain the
desired effect.
Stability: In D5W 250 mg/L it is stable for 48 hours at
25
, and no decomposition in 7 days at 5
. In NS 2 g/L it
is visually compatible for 24 hours.
2
adrenergic agonists
Albuterol (Salbutamol)-Ventolin (EVENT)
(EVENI)(OVENT)Buventol(EBUVE)(
Indication: Bronchial asthma, chronic bronchitis and

emphysema.
Contraindication: Thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to
sympatho-mimetic amines.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, nausea, tremor,
palpitation, nervousness, leg cramps.
Dosage: Metered dose inhaler 100-200 g 3-4 times
daily, a minimum of 3 hrs is required between doses.
Solution for inhalation, a dose of 2.5 mg diluted to 3 ml
with normal saline, 3-4 times daily by nebulization.
Supply: Nebules 5 mg/2.5 ml; Inhaler 100 g/actuation,
200 actuation/box; Tab 2 mg; Easyhaler 200 g/dose, 200
dose/box
Bambuterol-Baburol (OBABU)
Indication: Bambuterol is a prodrug of terbutaline.

Bambuterol enables once-daily oral dosing of terbutaline
for the treatment of asthma, but long-term studies
involving larger patient populations are required to
conrm its efcacy and ultimate place in therapy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bambuterol,
terbutaline, or other sympathomimetic amines.
Adverse effect: Tremor, palpitations, headache,
uneasiness, and increases in heart rate have been
reported.
Dosage: Asthma: 20-30 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Bambuterol is slowly hydrolyzed to
terbutaline in the plasma by cholinesterase. Stable
terbutaline plasma levels and adequate bronchodilation
have been reported for 24 hours with once-daily doses of
bambuterol; the elimination half-life of terbutaline after
bambuterol administration is extended to approximately
20 hours, compared to 3 to 4 hours following oral doses
of conventional terbutaline tablets.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Procaterol HCI-Meptin(BMEPL)
Indication: Procaterol is indicated primarily in the treatment
of asthma.
Place in therapy: Procaterol appears to be at least as
effective as albuterol, similar in efcacy to metaproterenol,
and less effective than terbutaline.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to procaterol.
Adverse effect: Side effects include: nervousness,
tremor and headache; EKG changes, tachycardia and
62 - - 63 - -
ventricular arrhythmias have also been reported.
Dosage: Adult: 50-100 g PO BID. Children: >6 years old,
25 g PO QN or BID; <6 years old, 10-15 g PO QD.
Supply: Solution 5 g/ml, 60 ml/bot
Trimetoquinol HCI-Inolin(OINOL)
Indication: Bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, and
bronchitis.
asthma, hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, palpitation, pericardial pain,
dizziness, tremor, weakness, nausea, vomiting, rash.
Dosage: 1 Tab BID or TID.
Supply: Tab 3 mg
Salmeterol/uticasone Seretide 250 (ESERT)
Seretide 100(ESER1)(

Indication: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
asthma.
Pharmacology: Salmeterol is a selective long-acting
2

agonist and offers effective protection against
histamine-induced broncho-constriction and produces a
longer duration of broncho-dilation, lasting for at least 12
hours. Fluticasone propionate has a potent glucocorticoid
anti-inflammatory action within the lung, resulting in
reduced symptom and exacerbations of asthma.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to uticasone,
salmeterol, or any component of the formulation; status
asthmaticus; acute episodes of asthma
Adverse effect: Upper respiratory tract infection (21% to
27%), headache (12% to 13%), serum glucose increased,
serum potassium decreased, hoarseness/dysphonia
(2-5%), oral candidiasis (1-4%)
Dosage: Adults (COPD): Seretide-250 Accuhaler one
inhalation twice daily, 12 hours apart.
Supply: Each single Seretide-250 Accuhaler provides 50
mcg Salmeterol and 250 mcg Fluticasone, 60 inhalations;
single Seretide-100 Accuhaler provides 50 mcg
Salmeterol and 100 mcg Fluticasone, 60 inhalations.
Formoterol/Budesonide-Symbicort (ESYMB)
Indication: Combined formoterol/budesonide is indicated

in asthmatic patients experiencing persistent symptoms
on inhaled glucocorticoids alone.
Place in therapy: Combined formoterol/ budesonide
(xed-dose combination or separate agents) appears
useful in this setting; the xed combination offers
improved compliance and greater patient convenience,
although separate administration of these agents may be
indicated for optimal symptom control.
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to budesonide or
formoterol
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are tremor, insomnia,
restlessness, headache, hypokalemia, nausea, and dry
mouth; cardiovascular effects are minimal with
therapeutic doses. Headache, insomnia, dyspepsia, dry
mouth, abdominal pain, oral candidiasis, dysphonia, and
respiratory infection have been observed with
budesonide inhalation. Adrenal suppression is
uncommon with inhaled budesonide in daily doses of less
than 800g.
Dosage: Adults: Inhalation 1-2 doses BID
Pharmacokinetics: Both agents are metabolized in the
liver; urinary excretion is about 25% for formoterol
(unchanged) and 60% for budesonide (as metabolites).
Budesonide has an elimination half-life of 2 to 3 hours.
Supply: Inhalation 160 mcg budesonide/4.5 mcg
formoterol in each dose, 120 doses/Device
Ipratropium/Salbutamol-Combivent
(ECOMB)
Indication: Ipratropium/albuterol is a xed-dose

combination of ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and
albuterol (a beta-2 agonist). It is effective in treating
moderate-to-severe COPD
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium/other
62 - - 63 - -
ventricular arrhythmias have also been reported.
Dosage: Adult: 50-100 g PO BID. Children: >6 years old,
25 g PO QN or BID; <6 years old, 10-15 g PO QD.
Supply: Solution 5 g/ml, 60 ml/bot
Trimetoquinol HCI-Inolin(OINOL)
Indication: Bronchial asthma, pulmonary emphysema, and
bronchitis.
asthma, hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, palpitation, pericardial pain,
dizziness, tremor, weakness, nausea, vomiting, rash.
Dosage: 1 Tab BID or TID.
Supply: Tab 3 mg
Salmeterol/uticasone Seretide 250 (ESERT)
Seretide 100(ESER1)(

asthma.
2

agonist and offers effective protection against
histamine-induced broncho-constriction and produces a
anti-inflammatory action within the lung, resulting in
Adverse effect: Upper respiratory tract infection (21% to
27%), headache (12% to 13%), serum glucose increased,
serum potassium decreased, hoarseness/dysphonia
(2-5%), oral candidiasis (1-4%)
Supply: Each single Seretide-250 Accuhaler provides 50
mcg Salmeterol and 250 mcg Fluticasone, 60 inhalations;
single Seretide-100 Accuhaler provides 50 mcg
Salmeterol and 100 mcg Fluticasone, 60 inhalations.
Formoterol/Budesonide-Symbicort (ESYMB)

in asthmatic patients experiencing persistent symptoms
on inhaled glucocorticoids alone.
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to budesonide or
formoterol
uncommon with inhaled budesonide in daily doses of less
than 800g.
formoterol in each dose, 120 doses/Device
Ipratropium/Salbutamol-Combivent
(ECOMB)
Indication: Ipratropium/albuterol is a xed-dose

combination of ipratropium (an anticholinergic) and
albuterol (a beta-2 agonist). It is effective in treating
moderate-to-severe COPD
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ipratropium/other
64 - - 65 - -
atropine derivatives, albuterol, or soya lecithin or related
food products
Adverse effect: The most common adverse events in
clinical trials have been bronchitis, upper respiratory tract
symptoms/disorders, and headache.
Dosage: Adults: 2 inhalations QID maximum 12
inhalations daily; Children: No experience on age under
12 y/o
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 27% of an inhaled
dose of the combination appears unchanged in the urine
(mainly as albuterol).
Supply: Metered aerosol inhalation Ipratropium 20
g/Albuterol (Salbutamol) 120 g for each dose, 200 inh/set
Ritodrine HCI-Yutopar (IYUTO)(OYUTO)
Indication: Premature labour (after 20th week),

prevention of premature labour after gynecological
operations; acute fetal distress during labour if caused by
hypermotility of the uterus or compression of the umbilical
cord.
Place in therapy: Ritodrine is used for the inhibition of
premature labor. Ritodrine is most likely to be successful
in patients with intact amniotic membranes and when
therapy is initiated as soon as the diagnosis of preterm
labor is established.
Contraindication: Patients with heavy blood loss per
vaginam, maternal cardiac disease, chorioamnionitis.
Adverse effect: Ritodrine administration has resulted in
fetal and maternal tachycardia, plus increased blood
pressure, lethargy, sleepiness, ketoacidosis, pulmonary
edema, and erythema.
Dosage: Premature labor: IV, initial dose 0.05 mg/min to
be gradually increased according to the results by 0.05
mg/min every 10 minutes. The effective dosage:
0.15-0.35 mg/min. The infusion should be continued for
12 to 48 hours after the uterine contraction have ceased.
Oral maintenance: 40 mg may be given 30-60 minutes
before termination of IV therapy, the usual dosage 40 mg
slow release capsule 3 times a day.
Stability: D5W or NS is recommended as a diluent for
ritodrine at concentration of 300mg/L.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/5 ml/amp; Tab 10 mg
12:12.12
- and
-adrenergic agonists
Ephedrine HCI (IEPHE)(
Indication: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent with

alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic activity. The drug is
used for the treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension
and in mild cases of stress incontinence.
Place in therapy: Ephedrine is an effective
sympathomimetic agent and was previously used for
bronchodilation in the treatment of asthma. However,
newer agents with selective beta-2 activity are now
available and are much more effective when given orally.
Ephedrine also possesses a greater degree of toxicity
than the newer beta-adrenergic agonists.
Contraindication: Anesthesia with cyclopropane or
halothane; diabetes (for ephedrine injection);
hypersensitivity to ephedrine or other sympathomimetic
amines; hypertension or other cardiovascular disorders;
obstetrical procedures with maternal blood pressure
exceeding 130/80; thyrotoxicosis
Adverse effect: Palpitations, hypertension, nervousness,
tremors, anxiety, psychosis, hallucinations, depression,
paranoia, seizures, urinary retention, hypersensitivity, and
physical addiction
Dosage: Adults: IM or SC, 25-50 mg, or IV 10-25 mg.
Children: IM or IV 0.2-0.3 mg/kg Q4-6H; SC 3 mg/kg/day
or 25-100 mg/m2/day in divided doses Q 4-6 H
Supply: Inj 40 mg/1ml/amp
Adrenalin HCI Epinephrine(IEPIN)
Indication: Bronchial spasm, restoring cardiac rhythm in

cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, angioneurotic edema,
prolonged the action of inltration anesthetics.
64 - - 65 - -
atropine derivatives, albuterol, or soya lecithin or related
food products
Adverse effect: The most common adverse events in
clinical trials have been bronchitis, upper respiratory tract
symptoms/disorders, and headache.
Dosage: Adults: 2 inhalations QID maximum 12
inhalations daily; Children: No experience on age under
12 y/o
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 27% of an inhaled
dose of the combination appears unchanged in the urine
(mainly as albuterol).
Supply: Metered aerosol inhalation Ipratropium 20
g/Albuterol (Salbutamol) 120 g for each dose, 200 inh/set
Ritodrine HCI-Yutopar (IYUTO)(OYUTO)
Indication: Premature labour (after 20th week),

prevention of premature labour after gynecological
operations; acute fetal distress during labour if caused by
hypermotility of the uterus or compression of the umbilical
cord.
Place in therapy: Ritodrine is used for the inhibition of
premature labor. Ritodrine is most likely to be successful
in patients with intact amniotic membranes and when
therapy is initiated as soon as the diagnosis of preterm
labor is established.
Contraindication: Patients with heavy blood loss per
vaginam, maternal cardiac disease, chorioamnionitis.
Adverse effect: Ritodrine administration has resulted in
fetal and maternal tachycardia, plus increased blood
pressure, lethargy, sleepiness, ketoacidosis, pulmonary
edema, and erythema.
Dosage: Premature labor: IV, initial dose 0.05 mg/min to
be gradually increased according to the results by 0.05
mg/min every 10 minutes. The effective dosage:
0.15-0.35 mg/min. The infusion should be continued for
12 to 48 hours after the uterine contraction have ceased.
Oral maintenance: 40 mg may be given 30-60 minutes
before termination of IV therapy, the usual dosage 40 mg
slow release capsule 3 times a day.
Stability: D5W or NS is recommended as a diluent for
ritodrine at concentration of 300mg/L.
12:12.12
- and
-adrenergic agonists
Ephedrine HCI (IEPHE)(
Indication: Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic agent with

alpha-adrenergic and beta-adrenergic activity. The drug is
used for the treatment of idiopathic orthostatic hypotension
and in mild cases of stress incontinence.
Place in therapy: Ephedrine is an effective
sympathomimetic agent and was previously used for
bronchodilation in the treatment of asthma. However,
newer agents with selective beta-2 activity are now
available and are much more effective when given orally.
Ephedrine also possesses a greater degree of toxicity
than the newer beta-adrenergic agonists.
Contraindication: Anesthesia with cyclopropane or
halothane; diabetes (for ephedrine injection);
hypersensitivity to ephedrine or other sympathomimetic
amines; hypertension or other cardiovascular disorders;
obstetrical procedures with maternal blood pressure
exceeding 130/80; thyrotoxicosis
Adverse effect: Palpitations, hypertension, nervousness,
tremors, anxiety, psychosis, hallucinations, depression,
paranoia, seizures, urinary retention, hypersensitivity, and
physical addiction
Dosage: Adults: IM or SC, 25-50 mg, or IV 10-25 mg.
Children: IM or IV 0.2-0.3 mg/kg Q4-6H; SC 3 mg/kg/day
or 25-100 mg/m2/day in divided doses Q 4-6 H
Supply: Inj 40 mg/1ml/amp
Adrenalin HCI Epinephrine(IEPIN)
Indication: Bronchial spasm, restoring cardiac rhythm in

cardiac arrest, anaphylactic shock, angioneurotic edema,
prolonged the action of inltration anesthetics.
66 - - 67 - -
Contraindication: Glaucoma, hypertension, cardiac
diseases, hyperthyroidism, organic brain damage, shock
with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane.
Adverse effect: Anxiety, headache, restless, tremor,
dizziness, respiratory difficulty, palpitation and ventricular
arrhythmias.
Dosage: IM 0.2-1mg, SC 0.2-0.5mg, repeated as
necessary.
Stability: D5W or NS with epinephrine 1mg/L, its potency
retained for 24 hours at 5
.
Norepinephrine bitartrate Levophed (ILEVO)

Indication: Hypotension, cardiac arrest and profound
hypotension.
Contraindication: Hypotension with blood volume
deciency, mesenteric or peripheral vascular thrombosis,
pregnancy, patient under cyclopropane anesthesia.
Adverse effect: Anxiety, transient headache, palpitation,
respiratory difculty, bradycardia, photophobia, sweating,
vomiting, retrosternal pain, cardiac arrhythmia.
Dosage: IV drip 8-12 mcg/min, according to the patients
blood pressure.
Stability: With D5W at concentration 8 mg/L, it is
physically or chemically stable for 36 hours With NS at
concentration of 4 or 8 mcg/ml, it is stable for 24 hours at
25
.
Supply: Inj 1mg/ml, 4 ml/amp
Metaraminol-Aramin(IARAM)
Indication: Hypotension and shock
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metaraminol; use
with cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia
Adverse effect: Chest pain, Hypertension, Palpitations
Dosage: IM/SC 2-10 mg; IV infusion 15-100 mg
12:16 Synpatholytic (Adrenergic blocking) Agents
Dihydroergotamine methanesulphonate -Seglor Retard
(OSEGL)
Indication: Treatment of vascular headaches including

migraine and cluster headaches, postural hypotension.
Contraindication: Peripheral vascular disease, coronary
heart disease, hypertension, impaired hepatic or renal
function, pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Localized edema, itching, transient
tachycardia or bradycardia, weakness in the legs,
dizziness.
Dosage: PO 1 Cap BID with meals.
Supply: Cap 5mg
Co-dergocrine mesylate-Hodrin(OHYDE)
Indication: Confusion, dizziness, mood-depression,
unsociability.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to dihydroergotoxine,
and in patients with acute or chronic psychosis regardless
of etiology.
Adverse effect: Ergotism, sinus bradycardia, orthostatic
hypotension, ushing, porphyria, transient nausea, nasal
stufness, blurred vision.
Dosage: 3-6 mg daily in divided doses.
Stability: Ergoloid mesylates is unstable in the presence
of light, moisture, or temperature above 30
.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg
Dihydroergotoxine mesylate- Elmesatt
(OELME)
Indication: Adjunct in treating symptoms of mild to
moderate dementia in eh elderly.
of etiology.
Adverse effect: Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting,
headache, blurred vision, skin rashes, nasal congestion,
66 - - 67 - -
Contraindication: Glaucoma, hypertension, cardiac
diseases, hyperthyroidism, organic brain damage, shock
with halogenated hydrocarbons or cyclopropane.
Adverse effect: Anxiety, headache, restless, tremor,
dizziness, respiratory difficulty, palpitation and ventricular
arrhythmias.
Dosage: IM 0.2-1mg, SC 0.2-0.5mg, repeated as
necessary.
Stability: D5W or NS with epinephrine 1mg/L, its potency
retained for 24 hours at 5
.
Norepinephrine bitartrate Levophed (ILEVO)

Indication: Hypotension, cardiac arrest and profound
hypotension.
Contraindication: Hypotension with blood volume
deciency, mesenteric or peripheral vascular thrombosis,
pregnancy, patient under cyclopropane anesthesia.
Adverse effect: Anxiety, transient headache, palpitation,
respiratory difculty, bradycardia, photophobia, sweating,
vomiting, retrosternal pain, cardiac arrhythmia.
Dosage: IV drip 8-12 mcg/min, according to the patients
blood pressure.
Stability: With D5W at concentration 8 mg/L, it is
physically or chemically stable for 36 hours With NS at
concentration of 4 or 8 mcg/ml, it is stable for 24 hours at
25
.
Supply: Inj 1mg/ml, 4 ml/amp
Metaraminol-Aramin(IARAM)
Indication: Hypotension and shock
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metaraminol; use
with cyclopropane or halothane anesthesia
Adverse effect: Chest pain, Hypertension, Palpitations
Dosage: IM/SC 2-10 mg; IV infusion 15-100 mg
12:16 Synpatholytic (Adrenergic blocking) Agents
Dihydroergotamine methanesulphonate -Seglor Retard
(OSEGL)
Indication: Treatment of vascular headaches including

migraine and cluster headaches, postural hypotension.
Contraindication: Peripheral vascular disease, coronary
heart disease, hypertension, impaired hepatic or renal
function, pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Localized edema, itching, transient
tachycardia or bradycardia, weakness in the legs,
dizziness.
Dosage: PO 1 Cap BID with meals.
Supply: Cap 5mg
Co-dergocrine mesylate-Hodrin(OHYDE)
Indication: Confusion, dizziness, mood-depression,
unsociability.
of etiology.
Adverse effect: Ergotism, sinus bradycardia, orthostatic
hypotension, ushing, porphyria, transient nausea, nasal
stufness, blurred vision.
Dosage: 3-6 mg daily in divided doses.
Stability: Ergoloid mesylates is unstable in the presence
of light, moisture, or temperature above 30
.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg
Dihydroergotoxine mesylate- Elmesatt
(OELME)
Indication: Adjunct in treating symptoms of mild to
moderate dementia in eh elderly.
of etiology.
Adverse effect: Abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting,
headache, blurred vision, skin rashes, nasal congestion,
68 - - 69 - -
ushing of the skin, dizziness, bradycardia, & orthostatic
hypotension.
Dosage: 1 mg TID
Supply: Tab 2 mg
Nicergoline-Seromin(OSERO) Acerine
(OACERI)
Indication: Intellective, affective, behavioural & somatic
symptoms associated with cerebral decay (including
dementia & Parkinsonism), memory disorders, reduced
vigilance & conc, mood depression, apathy, unsociability,
indifference to surroundings, loss of self-care, asthenia,
anorexia and tinnitus. Adjuvant to neurological
rehabilitation in after stroke hemiplegic patients.
Contraindication: Acute hemorrhage; arterial
hypotension; concurrent use of alpha or beta receptor
agonists; hypersensitivity to nicergoline; recent
myocardial infarction; severe bradycardia
Adverse effect: Slight GI disturbances; ushing;
drowsiness; insomnia.
Dosage: 5-10 mg TID
Supply: Tab 10 mg (Seromin), 5 mg (Acerine)
12:20 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
12:20.04 Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Chlorzoxazone-Soxazone(OSOXA)
Indication: Symptomatic relief of muscular spasm,

chorea, athetosis, tetanus. This drug is ineffective in the
treatment of skeletal muscle hyperactivity secondary to
chronic disorders, such as cerebral palsy, and other
dyskinesias.
Contraindication: Patients with impaired liver function,
intolerance.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, heartburn,
constipation, abdominal discomfort, drowsiness,
dizziness, headache, jaundice.
Dosage: 250 mg TID or QID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Carisoprodol/Acetaminophen- Relax (ORELA)
Indication: Disorder of musculoskeletal system

Contraindication: Acute intermittent porphyria;
hypersensitivity reaction to a carbamate such as
meprobamate
Adverse effect: Drug abuse and dependence; seizure;
withdrawal sign or symptom
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap carisoprodol 175 mg/acetaminophen 350 mg
Tizanidine HCI-Tizan (OTIZA)
Indication: Spasticity due to neurological disorders,

painful muscle spasm.
Adverse effect: At low dose: drowsiness, fatigue,
dizziness, dry mouth, nausea & slight reduction in BP. At
high dose: muscle weakness, insomnia, hypotension,
bradycardia, and transient increase in serum
transaminases.
Dosage: Painful muscle spasm: 2-4 mg TID-QID;
spasticity due to neurological disorders: initially <6 mg
daily, 2-4 mg titration every 3-7 days. Optimum daily dose:
12-24 mg. Max: <36 mg/day
Supply: Tab 2 mg
12:20.12 GABA-derivative Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Baclofen- Baclon(OBACL)[C]
Indication: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant and is a
derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Place in therapy: Baclofen has proven useful in the
treatment of muscular spasm due to conditions such as
multiple sclerosis and spinal cord lesions. It is ineffective
in patients with cerebral lesions
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to baclofen products
Adverse effect: Hypotension, sedation, dizziness,
68 - - 69 - -
ushing of the skin, dizziness, bradycardia, & orthostatic
hypotension.
Dosage: 1 mg TID
Supply: Tab 2 mg
Nicergoline-Seromin(OSERO) Acerine
(OACERI)
Indication: Intellective, affective, behavioural & somatic
symptoms associated with cerebral decay (including
dementia & Parkinsonism), memory disorders, reduced
vigilance & conc, mood depression, apathy, unsociability,
indifference to surroundings, loss of self-care, asthenia,
anorexia and tinnitus. Adjuvant to neurological
rehabilitation in after stroke hemiplegic patients.
Contraindication: Acute hemorrhage; arterial
hypotension; concurrent use of alpha or beta receptor
agonists; hypersensitivity to nicergoline; recent
myocardial infarction; severe bradycardia
Adverse effect: Slight GI disturbances; ushing;
drowsiness; insomnia.
Dosage: 5-10 mg TID
Supply: Tab 10 mg (Seromin), 5 mg (Acerine)
12:20 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
12:20.04 Centrally Acting Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Chlorzoxazone-Soxazone(OSOXA)
Indication: Symptomatic relief of muscular spasm,

chorea, athetosis, tetanus. This drug is ineffective in the
treatment of skeletal muscle hyperactivity secondary to
chronic disorders, such as cerebral palsy, and other
dyskinesias.
Contraindication: Patients with impaired liver function,
intolerance.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, heartburn,
constipation, abdominal discomfort, drowsiness,
dizziness, headache, jaundice.
Dosage: 250 mg TID or QID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Carisoprodol/Acetaminophen- Relax (ORELA)
Indication: Disorder of musculoskeletal system

Contraindication: Acute intermittent porphyria;
hypersensitivity reaction to a carbamate such as
meprobamate
Adverse effect: Drug abuse and dependence; seizure;
withdrawal sign or symptom
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap carisoprodol 175 mg/acetaminophen 350 mg
Tizanidine HCI-Tizan (OTIZA)
Indication: Spasticity due to neurological disorders,

painful muscle spasm.
Adverse effect: At low dose: drowsiness, fatigue,
dizziness, dry mouth, nausea & slight reduction in BP. At
high dose: muscle weakness, insomnia, hypotension,
bradycardia, and transient increase in serum
transaminases.
Dosage: Painful muscle spasm: 2-4 mg TID-QID;
spasticity due to neurological disorders: initially <6 mg
daily, 2-4 mg titration every 3-7 days. Optimum daily dose:
12-24 mg. Max: <36 mg/day
Supply: Tab 2 mg
12:20.12 GABA-derivative Skeletal Muscle Relaxants
Baclofen- Baclon(OBACL)[C]
Indication: Baclofen is a muscle relaxant and is a
derivative of gamma-aminobutyric acid.
Place in therapy: Baclofen has proven useful in the
treatment of muscular spasm due to conditions such as
multiple sclerosis and spinal cord lesions. It is ineffective
in patients with cerebral lesions
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to baclofen products
Adverse effect: Hypotension, sedation, dizziness,
70 - - 71 - -
drowsiness, euphoria, depression, hallucinations,
seizures, encephalopathy, nausea, vomiting, urinary
incontinence, hepatotoxicity, muscular weakness, blurred
vision, and allergic reactions.
Dosage: Initial 5 mg PO TID increase to 20 mg PO TID if
necessary
Pharmacokinetics: Since over 85% of an orally
administered dose of baclofen is mainly recovered with
unchanged form in the urine, dose reductions may be
required in patients with renal insufciency
Supply: Tab 10 mg
12:20.20 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Atracurium besylate-Tracrium (ITRAC)
Indication: To relax skeletal muscle atracurium is used

as an adj unct t o general anest hesi a, t o f aci l i t at e
endotracheal intubation, and to provide skeletal muscle
relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to atracurium or
benzoyl alcohol; due to excessive tissue irritation, do not
give atracurium intramuscularly
Adverse effect: Histamine release, transient
hypotension, flushing, peripheral vasodilation, decreases
in mean arterial pressure, and wheezing.
Dosage: IV 0.3-0.6 mg/kg
Stability: D5W or NS with 200, 500 mg/L, or 1, 5 g/L is
stable for 24 hours at 25
.
Supply: Inj 25 mg/2.5 ml/amp(*refrigerate)
Pancuronium bromide-Pavulon (IPAVU)
Indication: An adjunct to anesthesia to induce skeletal

muscle relaxation, to facilitate the management of
patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the drug or to the
bromide.
Adverse effect: Profound and prolonged skeletal muscle
relaxation resulting in respiratory insufciency or apnea,
increase in pulse rate and blood pressure; salivation and
sweating may occur.
Dosage and administration: Adults: Initial IV dosage
range is 0.04-0.1 ml/kg, later increment dose starting at
0.01 mg/kg may be used. For endotracheal intubation:
0.06-0.1 mg/kg. Children: The same as for adults.
Neonates: A test dose of 0.02 mg/kg be given rst to
measure responsiveness.
Stability: Pancuronium bromide reconstituted with D5W
or NS is stable for 48 hours.
Rocuronium-Esmeron(IESME)(
Indication: Rocuronium is a nondepolarizing

neuromuscular blocking agent. It can be used in rapid
sequence intubation.
Place in therapy: The duration of rocuronium is
comparable to that of vecuronium, and it may replace
vecuronium for clinical use if further studies demonstrate
lack of signicant cardiovascular effects. The potency of
rocuronium is enhanced by enurane but not halothane.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rocuronium
Adverse effect: Increases in heart rate, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, or abnormal electrocardiograms (<1%for all
cardiovascular effect) have been reported, and other
adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, asthma, hiccups
Rocuronium has not been associated with signicant
histamine release
Dosage: Adults: for intubation 600 g/kg IV; repeat
75-225 g/kg IV used for maintenance of relaxation
during surgery. Children: 1-5 years with nitrous
oxide-halothane anesthesia, the 50% depression of
neuromuscular function is 179 g/kg and 303 g/kg for
95% neuromuscular function depression
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination appears primarily due to
biliary excretion. Up to 33% of a dose has been
recovered unchanged in the urine; the elimination half-life
of rocuronium has ranged from 71 to 203 minutes.
70 - - 71 - -
drowsiness, euphoria, depression, hallucinations,
seizures, encephalopathy, nausea, vomiting, urinary
incontinence, hepatotoxicity, muscular weakness, blurred
vision, and allergic reactions.
Dosage: Initial 5 mg PO TID increase to 20 mg PO TID if
necessary
Pharmacokinetics: Since over 85% of an orally
administered dose of baclofen is mainly recovered with
unchanged form in the urine, dose reductions may be
required in patients with renal insufciency
Supply: Tab 10 mg
12:20.20 Neuromuscular Blocking Agents
Atracurium besylate-Tracrium (ITRAC)
Indication: To relax skeletal muscle atracurium is used

as an adj unct t o general anest hesi a, t o f aci l i t at e
endotracheal intubation, and to provide skeletal muscle
relaxation during surgery or mechanical ventilation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to atracurium or
benzoyl alcohol; due to excessive tissue irritation, do not
give atracurium intramuscularly
Adverse effect: Histamine release, transient
hypotension, flushing, peripheral vasodilation, decreases
in mean arterial pressure, and wheezing.
Dosage: IV 0.3-0.6 mg/kg
Stability: D5W or NS with 200, 500 mg/L, or 1, 5 g/L is
stable for 24 hours at 25
.
Supply: Inj 25 mg/2.5 ml/amp(*refrigerate)
Pancuronium bromide-Pavulon (IPAVU)

muscle relaxation, to facilitate the management of
patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the drug or to the
bromide.
Adverse effect: Profound and prolonged skeletal muscle
relaxation resulting in respiratory insufciency or apnea,
increase in pulse rate and blood pressure; salivation and
sweating may occur.
Dosage and administration: Adults: Initial IV dosage
range is 0.04-0.1 ml/kg, later increment dose starting at
0.01 mg/kg may be used. For endotracheal intubation:
0.06-0.1 mg/kg. Children: The same as for adults.
Neonates: A test dose of 0.02 mg/kg be given rst to
measure responsiveness.
Stability: Pancuronium bromide reconstituted with D5W
or NS is stable for 48 hours.
Rocuronium-Esmeron(IESME)(
Indication: Rocuronium is a nondepolarizing

neuromuscular blocking agent. It can be used in rapid
sequence intubation.
Place in therapy: The duration of rocuronium is
comparable to that of vecuronium, and it may replace
vecuronium for clinical use if further studies demonstrate
lack of signicant cardiovascular effects. The potency of
rocuronium is enhanced by enurane but not halothane.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rocuronium
Adverse effect: Increases in heart rate, arrhythmias,
tachycardia, or abnormal electrocardiograms (<1%for all
cardiovascular effect) have been reported, and other
adverse effects are nausea, vomiting, asthma, hiccups
Rocuronium has not been associated with signicant
histamine release
Dosage: Adults: for intubation 600 g/kg IV; repeat
75-225 g/kg IV used for maintenance of relaxation
during surgery. Children: 1-5 years with nitrous
oxide-halothane anesthesia, the 50% depression of
neuromuscular function is 179 g/kg and 303 g/kg for
95% neuromuscular function depression
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination appears primarily due to
biliary excretion. Up to 33% of a dose has been
recovered unchanged in the urine; the elimination half-life
of rocuronium has ranged from 71 to 203 minutes.
72 - - 73 - -
Stability: At room temperature rocuronium injection
should be used within 30 days. This reconstituted solution
should be used within 24 hours of preparation.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/5ml
Succinlycholine-Lysthenon(ILYST)(
) Relaxin
(ISUCC)(

muscle relaxation. May be employed to reduce the intensity
of muscle contraction of pharmacologically or electrically
induced convulsion.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, respiratory paralysis,
severe liver disease.
Adverse effect: Cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, apnea,
hyperthermia, increase ocular pressure, muscle
fasciculation, excessive salivation, myoglobinemia.
Dosage and administration: Surgical and anesthetic
procedure: IV, adults: 25-75 mg, children: 1-2 mg/kg.
Prolonged muscular relaxation: IV infusion: 2.5 mg/min
(used diluted soln 0.1 or 0.2% with N/S or D5W); IM 2.5
mg/kg.
Stability: D5W with 2g/L succinylcholine is physically
compatible. NS with 1g/L succinyl choline is stable for 24
hours at 5
.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/25 ml/Vial
Note: Preparation of solution: only freshly prepared
solutions should be used. Succinylcholine is rapid
hydrolyzed, quickly loses potency and may caused a
precipitate to form when mixed with alkaline solution of
other drugs.
12:20.92 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous
Orphenadrine citrate-Norex(ONORF)
Indication: Reduces muscle rigidity; Parkinsonism,

extrapyramidal dysfunction
Contraindication: Cardiospasm (mega-esophagus),
tachycardia, glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthenia
gravis, pyloric duodenal obstruction, bladder neck
obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer, prostatic hypertrophy.
Adverse effect: Aplastic anemia, tachycardia,
palpitations, anaphylaxis, lightheadedness, syncope,
dizziness, mental confusion, drowsiness, hallucinations,
agitation, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, constipation,
abdominal distention, vomiting, fecal impaction, urinary
retention, blurred vision, mydriasis, pruritus, and urticaria
Dosage: 1 tab BID
Supply: Tab 100mg
Norgesic (ONORG)
Indication: Tension headache, occipital headaches

associated with spasm of skeletal muscles in the region
of the head & neck. Acute & traumatic conditions of the
limbs & trunk; sprains, strains, whiplash injuries, acute
torticollis; prolapsed intervertebral disc.
Contraindication: Glaucoma; myasthenia gravis;
prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dry mouth, blurred vision.
Rarely rash, drowsiness.
Dosage: 2 tab TID
Supply: Tab orphenadrine citrate 35 mg/acetaminophen
450 mg
Tolperisone - Mydocalm (OMYDO)
Indication: Conditions associated with increased tones

of striated muscles, Parkinsons disease, obliterative
vascular disease, conditions caused by disorders of
vascular innervation.
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis
Adverse effect: Head tenseness, transient physical
asthenia. Somnolence & muscular weakness in children,
diarrhea.
Dosage: 2 tab bid-tid.
Supply: Tab 150 mg
72 - - 73 - -
Stability: At room temperature rocuronium injection
should be used within 30 days. This reconstituted solution
should be used within 24 hours of preparation.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/5ml
Succinlycholine-Lysthenon(ILYST)(
) Relaxin
(ISUCC)(

muscle relaxation. May be employed to reduce the intensity
of muscle contraction of pharmacologically or electrically
induced convulsion.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, respiratory paralysis,
severe liver disease.
Adverse effect: Cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, apnea,
hyperthermia, increase ocular pressure, muscle
fasciculation, excessive salivation, myoglobinemia.
Dosage and administration: Surgical and anesthetic
procedure: IV, adults: 25-75 mg, children: 1-2 mg/kg.
Prolonged muscular relaxation: IV infusion: 2.5 mg/min
(used diluted soln 0.1 or 0.2% with N/S or D5W); IM 2.5
mg/kg.
Stability: D5W with 2g/L succinylcholine is physically
compatible. NS with 1g/L succinyl choline is stable for 24
hours at 5
.
Supply: Inj 500 mg/25 ml/Vial
Note: Preparation of solution: only freshly prepared
solutions should be used. Succinylcholine is rapid
hydrolyzed, quickly loses potency and may caused a
precipitate to form when mixed with alkaline solution of
other drugs.
12:20.92 Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Miscellaneous
Orphenadrine citrate-Norex(ONORF)
Indication: Reduces muscle rigidity; Parkinsonism,

extrapyramidal dysfunction
Contraindication: Cardiospasm (mega-esophagus),
tachycardia, glaucoma, urinary retention, myasthenia
gravis, pyloric duodenal obstruction, bladder neck
obstruction, stenosing peptic ulcer, prostatic hypertrophy.
Adverse effect: Aplastic anemia, tachycardia,
palpitations, anaphylaxis, lightheadedness, syncope,
dizziness, mental confusion, drowsiness, hallucinations,
agitation, tremor, nausea, dry mouth, constipation,
abdominal distention, vomiting, fecal impaction, urinary
retention, blurred vision, mydriasis, pruritus, and urticaria
Dosage: 1 tab BID
Supply: Tab 100mg
Norgesic (ONORG)
Indication: Tension headache, occipital headaches

associated with spasm of skeletal muscles in the region
of the head & neck. Acute & traumatic conditions of the
limbs & trunk; sprains, strains, whiplash injuries, acute
torticollis; prolapsed intervertebral disc.
Contraindication: Glaucoma; myasthenia gravis;
prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dry mouth, blurred vision.
Rarely rash, drowsiness.
Dosage: 2 tab TID
Supply: Tab orphenadrine citrate 35 mg/acetaminophen
450 mg
Tolperisone - Mydocalm (OMYDO)
Indication: Conditions associated with increased tones

of striated muscles, Parkinsons disease, obliterative
vascular disease, conditions caused by disorders of
vascular innervation.
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis
Adverse effect: Head tenseness, transient physical
asthenia. Somnolence & muscular weakness in children,
diarrhea.
Dosage: 2 tab bid-tid.
Supply: Tab 150 mg
74 - - 75 - -
12:92 Autonomic Drugs, Miscellaneous
Nicotine-Nicorette (freshmint) (inhaler) (ONICO2)(
)
(ONICO2) (ENICO)Nicotinell TTS(ENIC20)(
Indication: Nicotine replacement therapy is used as an

adjunct to smoking cessation programs.
Place in therapy: Patches are preferred for
maintenance therapy during smoking cessation
programs. Gum or nasal spray may be useful for
intermittent treatment or for patients allergic to the patches.
Contraindication: Allergy to nicotine or any component
of a nicotine delivery system; patients with
life-threatening arrhythmias; patients with severe or
worsening angina pectoris; use in patients during the
immediate post-myocardial infarction period
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effect of
transdermal nicotine patches is skin irritation,
characterized by erythema, pruritus, and edema.
Gastrointestinal effects include: decreased lower
esophageal sphincter pressure, diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, gastrointestinal discomfort, hiccups and nausea.
Adverse respiratory effects of nicotine include: bronchitis,
coughing, throat irritation, and rhinitis.
Reported cardiac effects are chest pain, hypertension,
and tachycardia.
Dosage: Adults: transdermal nicotine patches up to 21
mg/day QD 6-10 weeks
Pharmacokinetics: Nicotine and its metabolites are
rapidly excreted via the kidneys; renal clearance is
pH-dependent. The elimination half-life of nicotine
following transdermal administration is 4 hours.
Supply: Chewable tab 2 mg; Inhaler 10 mg/cartridge, 18
cartridges/bot; Nicotine patch: Nicotinell TTS 20: 14
mg/24 hours/patch
16:00 Blood Derivatives
Albumin (IALB20)
Indication: Hypoproteinemia with or without edema, burns,

shock, unless the pathology responsible for hypoproteinemia
can be corrected, albumin in any form can afford only
symptomatic or supportive relief.
Contraindication: Severe anemia, cardiac failure,
patient on cardiopulmonary bypass, or in presence of
normal or increased intravascular volume.
Adverse effect: Rapid infusion results in hypotension,
allergic or pyrogenic reaction, and tachycardia.
Dosage: Shock: initially 100 ml IV given as rapidly as
tolerated. If response within 30 mins is inadequate, an
additional 100 ml may be given. Acute hypoproteinemia:
250-350 ml given at <3 ml/min. Individualized dosage.
Supply: Inj 20% 50 ml/bot
20:00 Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis
20:04 Antianemic Agents
Iron salt-Putan (Chewable Tablet)
(OFERC)Desman(IIRON)
Indication: Iron deciency due to chronic blood loss,

pregnancy, premature babies, severe pernicious anemia.
Contraindication: Patients receiving repeated blood
transfusions or with anemias not produced by iron
deciency; with iron-storage or iron-absorption diseases,
haemoglobinopathies, or exisitng GI disease.
Adverse effect: Therapeutic dose may cause mild GI
discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting; side effect is reduced by
taking it with or immediately after food; constipation (large
dose > 180mg iron/day), irritant and corrosive effects on
GI mucosa, and necrosis and perforation may occur.
Dosage: PO 1 QD-BID
Supply: Chewable tab ferric hydroxide polymaltose
complex 100 mg; Inj ferric dextran 100 mg/2 ml/amp
74 - - 75 - -
12:92 Autonomic Drugs, Miscellaneous
Nicotine-Nicorette (freshmint) (inhaler) (ONICO2)(
)
(ONICO2) (ENICO)Nicotinell TTS(ENIC20)(
Indication: Nicotine replacement therapy is used as an

adjunct to smoking cessation programs.
Place in therapy: Patches are preferred for
maintenance therapy during smoking cessation
programs. Gum or nasal spray may be useful for
intermittent treatment or for patients allergic to the patches.
Contraindication: Allergy to nicotine or any component
of a nicotine delivery system; patients with
life-threatening arrhythmias; patients with severe or
worsening angina pectoris; use in patients during the
immediate post-myocardial infarction period
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effect of
transdermal nicotine patches is skin irritation,
characterized by erythema, pruritus, and edema.
Gastrointestinal effects include: decreased lower
esophageal sphincter pressure, diarrhea, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, gastrointestinal discomfort, hiccups and nausea.
Adverse respiratory effects of nicotine include: bronchitis,
coughing, throat irritation, and rhinitis.
Reported cardiac effects are chest pain, hypertension,
and tachycardia.
Dosage: Adults: transdermal nicotine patches up to 21
mg/day QD 6-10 weeks
Pharmacokinetics: Nicotine and its metabolites are
rapidly excreted via the kidneys; renal clearance is
pH-dependent. The elimination half-life of nicotine
following transdermal administration is 4 hours.
Supply: Chewable tab 2 mg; Inhaler 10 mg/cartridge, 18
cartridges/bot; Nicotine patch: Nicotinell TTS 20: 14
mg/24 hours/patch
16:00 Blood Derivatives
Albumin (IALB20)
Indication: Hypoproteinemia with or without edema, burns,

shock, unless the pathology responsible for hypoproteinemia
can be corrected, albumin in any form can afford only
symptomatic or supportive relief.
Contraindication: Severe anemia, cardiac failure,
patient on cardiopulmonary bypass, or in presence of
normal or increased intravascular volume.
Adverse effect: Rapid infusion results in hypotension,
allergic or pyrogenic reaction, and tachycardia.
Dosage: Shock: initially 100 ml IV given as rapidly as
tolerated. If response within 30 mins is inadequate, an
additional 100 ml may be given. Acute hypoproteinemia:
250-350 ml given at <3 ml/min. Individualized dosage.
20:00 Blood Formation, Coagulation, and Thrombosis
20:04 Antianemic Agents
Iron salt-Putan (Chewable Tablet)
(OFERC)Desman(IIRON)
Indication: Iron deciency due to chronic blood loss,

pregnancy, premature babies, severe pernicious anemia.
Contraindication: Patients receiving repeated blood
transfusions or with anemias not produced by iron
deciency; with iron-storage or iron-absorption diseases,
haemoglobinopathies, or exisitng GI disease.
Adverse effect: Therapeutic dose may cause mild GI
discomfort, diarrhea, vomiting; side effect is reduced by
taking it with or immediately after food; constipation (large
dose > 180mg iron/day), irritant and corrosive effects on
GI mucosa, and necrosis and perforation may occur.
Dosage: PO 1 QD-BID
Supply: Chewable tab ferric hydroxide polymaltose
complex 100 mg; Inj ferric dextran 100 mg/2 ml/amp
76 - - 77 - -
20:12 Antithrombotic Agents
20:12.04 Anticoagulants
Heparin sodium - Agglutex(IHEPA)
Indication: Low doses for prophylaxis of postoperative

venous thrombosis, high doses to treat established
thrombosis.
Contraindication: Tendency of bleeding, in the presence
of active peptic ulceration, or severe indigestion, in
severe renal or heaptic disease. Hypertension increases
the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. In subacute bacterial
endocarditis, embolism is not prevented, and may be
accompanied by haemorrhage, especially in the brain.
Adverse effect: Bleeding (after surgery), transient
alopecia, allergy (rare), mild thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: SC, intermittent IV infusion, continuous IV infusion.
Established thrombosis: IV 5000 IU, followed by either 1500
IU per hour given by constant rate infusion pump or
alternatively 35000 IU in one liter N/S (stable for 24 hours)
infused over 24 hours. i.e. a daily dose of about 4000 IU or
10000 IU through an indwelling IV cannula Q6H. Prevention
of thrombosis: 5000 IU SC 2 hours before operation,
repeated Q8-12H until patient is ambulatory.
Stability: D5W or NS with Heparin 1000 or 4000 U/L is visually
compatible.
Supply: Inj. 25000 IU/5ml/vial
Warfarin sodium-Coumadin (OCOUM)
Indication: Venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism,

and in patients with atrial brillation, prosthetic heart
valves, rheumatic valvular disease and transient
ischaemic attacks, prevention of postoperative deep vein
thrombosis.
Dosage: PO: Initial daily dosage is 2-5 mg, titrate to
therapeutic INR; the average maintenance dose is 2-10 mg
daily, patients prothrombin time response at a value
of 1.2-2 times control (INR 1.5-5.0; 2.0-3.0 for most
indications).
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Enoxaparin-Clexane(ICLEX)
Indication: Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight fraction

of heparin used clinically for its antithrombotic properties.
It has been shown to be effective in the prevention of
thromboembolism in patients undergoing various major
surgical procedures including total hip arthroplasty, major
knee surgery, and abdominal and gynecologic surgery.
Place in therapy: Enoxaparin has not been conclusively
found to be superior to heparin in safety and efcacy
equivalency.
Contraindication: Active major bleeding, hypersensitivity
to heparin or pork products, thrombocytopenia associated
with positive antiplatelet antibody test in vitro induced by
enoxaparin
Adverse effect: Hemorrhagic complications are the most
frequent adverse effects associated with enoxaparin.
Carefully monitor patients for possible spinal or epidural
bleeding and if neurological impairment is detected, treat
immediately.
Dosage: Adults: 30mg SC Q12H; Children:
thromboembolic disorders: 1 mg/kg Q12H; newborn
infants less than 2 months of age required higher doses
of enoxaparin: 1.64 mg/kg Q12H.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption of enoxaparin given
subcutaneously is virtually complete; onset of
anticoagulant effect is approximately 3 hours; the half-life
is 4.5 hours; primary route of elimination appears to be
renal.
Supply: Inj 20 mg/0.2 ml
20:12.18 Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors
Ticlopidine-Licodin(OLICO)
Indication: Ticlopidine is an antiplatelet drug with a

mechanism of action different from that of aspirin or other
76 - - 77 - -
20:12 Antithrombotic Agents
20:12.04 Anticoagulants
Heparin sodium - Agglutex(IHEPA)
Indication: Low doses for prophylaxis of postoperative

venous thrombosis, high doses to treat established
thrombosis.
Contraindication: Tendency of bleeding, in the presence
of active peptic ulceration, or severe indigestion, in
severe renal or heaptic disease. Hypertension increases
the risk of cerebral haemorrhage. In subacute bacterial
endocarditis, embolism is not prevented, and may be
accompanied by haemorrhage, especially in the brain.
Adverse effect: Bleeding (after surgery), transient
alopecia, allergy (rare), mild thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: SC, intermittent IV infusion, continuous IV infusion.
Established thrombosis: IV 5000 IU, followed by either 1500
IU per hour given by constant rate infusion pump or
alternatively 35000 IU in one liter N/S (stable for 24 hours)
infused over 24 hours. i.e. a daily dose of about 4000 IU or
10000 IU through an indwelling IV cannula Q6H. Prevention
of thrombosis: 5000 IU SC 2 hours before operation,
repeated Q8-12H until patient is ambulatory.
Stability: D5W or NS with Heparin 1000 or 4000 U/L is visually
compatible.
Supply: Inj. 25000 IU/5ml/vial
Warfarin sodium-Coumadin (OCOUM)
Indication: Venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism,

and in patients with atrial brillation, prosthetic heart
valves, rheumatic valvular disease and transient
ischaemic attacks, prevention of postoperative deep vein
thrombosis.
Dosage: PO: Initial daily dosage is 2-5 mg, titrate to
therapeutic INR; the average maintenance dose is 2-10 mg
daily, patients prothrombin time response at a value
of 1.2-2 times control (INR 1.5-5.0; 2.0-3.0 for most
indications).
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Enoxaparin-Clexane(ICLEX)
Indication: Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight fraction

of heparin used clinically for its antithrombotic properties.
It has been shown to be effective in the prevention of
thromboembolism in patients undergoing various major
surgical procedures including total hip arthroplasty, major
knee surgery, and abdominal and gynecologic surgery.
Place in therapy: Enoxaparin has not been conclusively
found to be superior to heparin in safety and efcacy
equivalency.
Contraindication: Active major bleeding, hypersensitivity
to heparin or pork products, thrombocytopenia associated
with positive antiplatelet antibody test in vitro induced by
enoxaparin
Adverse effect: Hemorrhagic complications are the most
frequent adverse effects associated with enoxaparin.
Carefully monitor patients for possible spinal or epidural
bleeding and if neurological impairment is detected, treat
immediately.
Dosage: Adults: 30mg SC Q12H; Children:
thromboembolic disorders: 1 mg/kg Q12H; newborn
infants less than 2 months of age required higher doses
of enoxaparin: 1.64 mg/kg Q12H.
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption of enoxaparin given
subcutaneously is virtually complete; onset of
anticoagulant effect is approximately 3 hours; the half-life
is 4.5 hours; primary route of elimination appears to be
renal.
Supply: Inj 20 mg/0.2 ml
20:12.18 Platelet-aggregation Inhibitors
Ticlopidine-Licodin(OLICO)
Indication: Ticlopidine is an antiplatelet drug with a

mechanism of action different from that of aspirin or other
78 - - 79 - -
nonsteroidal antiinammatory drugs. Ticlopidine
decreases platelet aggregation, and prolongs bleeding
time. It may be useful in the prevention of
thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular mortality,
stroke, myocardial infarction, and vaso-occlusive sickle
cell crisis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, active bleeding
disorders, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia; severe liver
impairment. Ticlopidine should be discontinued if the
absolute neutrophil count falls below 1200/mm3 or if the
platelet count falls below 80,000/mm3.
Adverse effect: Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhage, ecchymosis,
epostaxis, menorrhagia, gastro-intestinal bleeding,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dyspepsia,
atulence, anorexia, liver damage, rash, urticaria.
Dosage: PO 250 mg BID, maintain patency in patients on
hemodialysis: 200 mg QD, duration ranged from 9 days
(post-operative thrombosis) to 6 months.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Clopidogrel Plavix (OPLAV)
Indication: Clopidogrel bisulfate is a platelet aggregation

inhibitor. Clopidogrel is indicated for the reduction of
atherosclerotic events in patients with atherosclerosis
documented by recent stroke, recent myocardial
infarction, or established peripheral arterial disease.
Place in therapy: Clopidogrel is less likely than
ticlopidine to induce severe neutropenia and is
second-line in aspirin-intolerant patients and in aspirin
failures; third-line in patients intolerant of ticlopidine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to clopidogrel
Adverse effect: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2.0%),
intracranial hemorrhage (0.4% compared to 0.5% for
aspirin), neutropenia (0.8%) or agranulocytosis, peptic,
gastric or duodenal ulcers (1.2%), other GI symptoms
including abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastritis and
constipation.
Dosage: Adults: 75 mg PO QD without regard to food
Pharmacokinetics: Discontinue clopidogrel 7 days prior
to surgery or any event when a normal platelet effect is
needed.
Supply: Tab 75 mg

Tiroban Aggrastat (IAGGR)
Indication: Tiroban is an antiplatelet agent that binds to

the platelet receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and inhibits
platelet aggregation for the treatment of coronary
angioplasty patients with acute coronary syndrome
(unstable angina/non-Q-wave or elevated ST segment
myocardial infarction).
Place in therapy: Combined with heparin and aspirin,
tiroban is useful in the early prevention of adverse
thromboembolic phenomena in patients with unstable
angina or acute myocardial infarction, but no effect after 6
months.
Contraindication: Active internal bleeding or bleeding
diathesis within previous 30 days, acute pericarditis,
aortic dissection, concomitant use of any other parenteral
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, history of arteriovenous
malformation or aneurysm, history of intracranial
hemorrhage or neoplasm, major surgery or severe
trauma within the previous month, Severe hypertension,
stroke in previous 30 days or previous, thrombocytopenia
Adverse effect: Bleeding has occurred, especially with
higher doses. Thrombocytopenia has also been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 50 mcg/ml IV at an initial rate of 0.4
mcg/kg/min for 30 min followed by a continuous infusion
of 0.1 mcg/kg/min. Diluted 50 ml of Tiroban solution in
200 ml normal saline or 5% dextroxe solution
Pharmacokinetics: Platelet aggregation is inhibited as
early as 5 minutes after initiation of intravenous
administration; bleeding times return to normal 3 to 8 hours
after discontinuation of an intravenous infusion.
Stability: Do not allow the solution to freeze and protect it
78 - - 79 - -
nonsteroidal antiinammatory drugs. Ticlopidine
decreases platelet aggregation, and prolongs bleeding
time. It may be useful in the prevention of
thromboembolic disorders, cardiovascular mortality,
stroke, myocardial infarction, and vaso-occlusive sickle
cell crisis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, active bleeding
disorders, neutropenia or thrombocytopenia; severe liver
impairment. Ticlopidine should be discontinued if the
absolute neutrophil count falls below 1200/mm3 or if the
platelet count falls below 80,000/mm3.
Adverse effect: Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia,
leukopenia, agranulocytosis, pancytopenia,
thrombocytopenic purpura, hemorrhage, ecchymosis,
epostaxis, menorrhagia, gastro-intestinal bleeding,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dyspepsia,
atulence, anorexia, liver damage, rash, urticaria.
Dosage: PO 250 mg BID, maintain patency in patients on
hemodialysis: 200 mg QD, duration ranged from 9 days
(post-operative thrombosis) to 6 months.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Clopidogrel Plavix (OPLAV)
Indication: Clopidogrel bisulfate is a platelet aggregation

inhibitor. Clopidogrel is indicated for the reduction of
atherosclerotic events in patients with atherosclerosis
documented by recent stroke, recent myocardial
infarction, or established peripheral arterial disease.
Place in therapy: Clopidogrel is less likely than
ticlopidine to induce severe neutropenia and is
second-line in aspirin-intolerant patients and in aspirin
failures; third-line in patients intolerant of ticlopidine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to clopidogrel
Adverse effect: Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (2.0%),
intracranial hemorrhage (0.4% compared to 0.5% for
aspirin), neutropenia (0.8%) or agranulocytosis, peptic,
gastric or duodenal ulcers (1.2%), other GI symptoms
including abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gastritis and
constipation.
Dosage: Adults: 75 mg PO QD without regard to food
Pharmacokinetics: Discontinue clopidogrel 7 days prior
to surgery or any event when a normal platelet effect is
needed.
Supply: Tab 75 mg

Tiroban Aggrastat (IAGGR)
Indication: Tiroban is an antiplatelet agent that binds to

the platelet receptor glycoprotein IIb/IIIa and inhibits
platelet aggregation for the treatment of coronary
angioplasty patients with acute coronary syndrome
(unstable angina/non-Q-wave or elevated ST segment
myocardial infarction).
Place in therapy: Combined with heparin and aspirin,
tiroban is useful in the early prevention of adverse
thromboembolic phenomena in patients with unstable
angina or acute myocardial infarction, but no effect after 6
months.
Contraindication: Active internal bleeding or bleeding
diathesis within previous 30 days, acute pericarditis,
aortic dissection, concomitant use of any other parenteral
glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, history of arteriovenous
malformation or aneurysm, history of intracranial
hemorrhage or neoplasm, major surgery or severe
trauma within the previous month, Severe hypertension,
stroke in previous 30 days or previous, thrombocytopenia
Adverse effect: Bleeding has occurred, especially with
higher doses. Thrombocytopenia has also been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 50 mcg/ml IV at an initial rate of 0.4
mcg/kg/min for 30 min followed by a continuous infusion
of 0.1 mcg/kg/min. Diluted 50 ml of Tiroban solution in
200 ml normal saline or 5% dextroxe solution
Pharmacokinetics: Platelet aggregation is inhibited as
early as 5 minutes after initiation of intravenous
administration; bleeding times return to normal 3 to 8 hours
after discontinuation of an intravenous infusion.
Stability: Do not allow the solution to freeze and protect it
80 - - 81 - -
from exposure to light during storage. Discard any
unused diluted solution.
Supply: Inj 12.5 mg/50 ml
Cilostazol-Pletaal(OPLET) Plestar (OPLES)
Indication: Intermittent claudication
Pharmacology: Inhibition of platelet aggregation
(phosphodiesterase III inhibitor)
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 2-4 weeks, may
require up to 12 weeks. Bioavailability is 87 to 100%; high
fat meal increases absorption; protein binding 95-98%;
metabolized in liver primarily via CYP3A4 and lesser
CYP2C19; elimination half- life 11-13 hr
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cilostazol, CHF of
any severity
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, vertigo, diarrhea,
infection, peripheral edema, palpitation, back pain, myalgia
Dosage: 100 mg BID, give 30 min before or at least 2
hours after food. Dosage should be reduced to 50 mg
twice daily during concurrent therapy with inhibitors of
CYP3A4 or CYP2C19 (e.g., diltiazem, ketoconazole,
itraconazole, erythromycin, omeprazole)
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Pletaal), 100 mg (Plestar)
20:12.20 Thrombolytic Agents
Alteplase, Recombinant (rt-PA)-Actilyse
(IACTI)
Indication: Actilyse is a thrombolytic agent for producing

recanalization of occluded coronary arteries following
acute myocardial infarction.
Contraindication: Patients with active internal bleeding,
history of cerebrovascular accident, intracranial neoplasm,
aneurysm, or recent (within 2 months) intracranial or
intraspinal surgery or trama.
Adverse effect: Bleeding complications, reperfusion
arrhythmias and reinfarction are the primary concerns of
therapy; systemic brinolysis is less than that seen with
streptokinase.
Dosage: IV infusion for post myocardial infarction clot lysis:
15 mg as a bolus, followed by 0.75 mg/kg (up to 50 mg)
over 30 min, then 0.5 mg/kg (up to 35 mg) over the
next 60 min.
Urokinase (IUROK) (IUK6) (
Indication: Peripheral artery/vein thrombosis, pulmonary

embolism, coronary artery occlusion, myocardial
infarction, cerebrovascular thrombosis, and retinal
artery/vein thrombosis.
Contraindication: Active internal bleeding or
cerebrovascular accident within the last 2 months,
surgery within 10 days, recent serious GI bleeding, recent
trauma & severe hypertension, bacterial endocarditis,
severe hepatic or renal disease, uncontrolled
hypocoagulable state, chronic lung disease with cavitation.
Adverse effect: Shock, bleeding tendency,
hypersensitivity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abnormalities in hepatic function test.
Administration: IV For cerebrovascular disease,
peripheral artery/vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction
and pulmonary embolism: 4,400 IU/kg as a loading dose
over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance dose of
4,400 IU/kg/hr for 12 hrs.
Supply: Inj 60,000 IU/vial, 6,000 IU/vial
20:16 Hematopoietic Agents
Darbepoetin alfa-Aranesp (IARAN)
Indication: Treatment of anemia associated with chronic

renal failure (CRF), anemia associated with chemotherapy
for nonmyeloid malignancies.
Pharmacology: Induces erythropoiesis by stimulating
the division and differentiation of committed erythroid
progenitor cells; induces the release of reticulocytes from
the bone marrow into the bloodstream, where they
80 - - 81 - -
from exposure to light during storage. Discard any
unused diluted solution.
Supply: Inj 12.5 mg/50 ml
Cilostazol-Pletaal(OPLET) Plestar (OPLES)
Indication: Intermittent claudication
Pharmacology: Inhibition of platelet aggregation
(phosphodiesterase III inhibitor)
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 2-4 weeks, may
require up to 12 weeks. Bioavailability is 87 to 100%; high
fat meal increases absorption; protein binding 95-98%;
metabolized in liver primarily via CYP3A4 and lesser
CYP2C19; elimination half- life 11-13 hr
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cilostazol, CHF of
any severity
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, vertigo, diarrhea,
infection, peripheral edema, palpitation, back pain, myalgia
Dosage: 100 mg BID, give 30 min before or at least 2
hours after food. Dosage should be reduced to 50 mg
twice daily during concurrent therapy with inhibitors of
CYP3A4 or CYP2C19 (e.g., diltiazem, ketoconazole,
itraconazole, erythromycin, omeprazole)
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Pletaal), 100 mg (Plestar)
20:12.20 Thrombolytic Agents
Alteplase, Recombinant (rt-PA)-Actilyse
(IACTI)
Indication: Actilyse is a thrombolytic agent for producing

recanalization of occluded coronary arteries following
Contraindication: Patients with active internal bleeding,
history of cerebrovascular accident, intracranial neoplasm,
aneurysm, or recent (within 2 months) intracranial or
intraspinal surgery or trama.
Adverse effect: Bleeding complications, reperfusion
arrhythmias and reinfarction are the primary concerns of
therapy; systemic brinolysis is less than that seen with
streptokinase.
Dosage: IV infusion for post myocardial infarction clot lysis:
15 mg as a bolus, followed by 0.75 mg/kg (up to 50 mg)
over 30 min, then 0.5 mg/kg (up to 35 mg) over the
next 60 min.
Urokinase (IUROK) (IUK6) (
Indication: Peripheral artery/vein thrombosis, pulmonary

embolism, coronary artery occlusion, myocardial
infarction, cerebrovascular thrombosis, and retinal
artery/vein thrombosis.
Contraindication: Active internal bleeding or
cerebrovascular accident within the last 2 months,
surgery within 10 days, recent serious GI bleeding, recent
trauma & severe hypertension, bacterial endocarditis,
severe hepatic or renal disease, uncontrolled
hypocoagulable state, chronic lung disease with cavitation.
Adverse effect: Shock, bleeding tendency,
hypersensitivity, nausea, vomiting, anorexia,
abnormalities in hepatic function test.
Administration: IV For cerebrovascular disease,
peripheral artery/vein thrombosis, myocardial infarction
and pulmonary embolism: 4,400 IU/kg as a loading dose
over 10 minutes, followed by a maintenance dose of
4,400 IU/kg/hr for 12 hrs.
Supply: Inj 60,000 IU/vial, 6,000 IU/vial
20:16 Hematopoietic Agents
Darbepoetin alfa-Aranesp (IARAN)
Indication: Treatment of anemia associated with chronic

renal failure (CRF), anemia associated with chemotherapy
for nonmyeloid malignancies.
Pharmacology: Induces erythropoiesis by stimulating
the division and differentiation of committed erythroid
progenitor cells; induces the release of reticulocytes from
the bone marrow into the bloodstream, where they
82 - - 83 - -
mature to erythrocytes. There is a dose response
relationship with this effect.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 2-6 weeks after
initiating treatment; Bioavailability (SC): ~37% (range:
30% to 50%); Elimination half-life: 21 hr (IV), 49 hr (SC);
Half-life is ~3 times as long as epoetin alfa.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to darbepoetin or any
component of the formulation (including polysorbate 80
and/or albumin); uncontrolled hypertension
Adverse effect: Hypertension, hypotension, edema,
fatigue, seizure, fever, headache, dizziness, diarrhea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, dyspnea, infection,
thrombosis, rash, pruritus.
Dosage: Anemia of CRF: initial 0.45 mcg/kg once weekly,
titration to response; some patients may respond to
doses given once every 2 weeks
, and do not freeze or shake

Supply: Inj 25 mcg/1 ml/vial
Lenograstim-Granocyte(IGRAN)(
)
Indication: Increase in neutrophil count after bone
marrow transplantation; cancer chemotherapy-induced
neutopenia; myelodysplastic syndromes
Precautions: Serious liver, renal or cardiopulmonary
dysfunction. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, bone pain, low back pan,
chest pain, headache, and fever
Dosage: Adult: 2 mcg/kg SC or 5 mcg/kg IV once daily;
children: 2 mcg/kg SC or IV once daily.
20:24 Hemorrheologic Agents
Pentoxifylline-Trental(OTRE4) Fylin(OFYLI) Ceretal
(OCER4)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular circulatory

disorder.
Contraindication: Recent myocardial infarction.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness, and ushing.
Dosage: PO: 400 mg 3 times/day with meals, may
reduce to 400 mg twice daily if GI or CNS side effects
occur. IV: initially 100 mg in 250-500 ml N/S or Dextrose
given over 1.5-3 hours, increased by 50 mg every day
until a daily dose of 400 mg is reached.
Supply: Tab 400 mg
20:28 Antihemorrhagic Agents
20:28.08 Antiheparin Agents
Protamine sulphate (IPROTA)
Indication: Heparin antagonists, heparin effects wear off

so rapidly that an antagonist is seldom required except
after perfusion for open- heart surgery.
Contraindication: It is unwise to give more than 100mg
over a short period unless there is certain knowledge of a
large requirement. Patients with a history of allergy to sh
may develop hypersensitivity reactions of protamine.
Adverse effect: A sudden fall in blood pressure,
bradycardia, dyspnea, transitory ushing, and feeling of
warmth.
Dosage: Protamine 1mg neutralized 100 IU of heparin. In
heparin overdose: it can be given as a loading of 25-50 mg
by slow IV injection, with the rest of calculated dose
over 8-16 hrs.
20:28.16 Hemostatics
Tranexamic acid-Transamin(OTRANS)
Tren(ITREN)
Indication: Antiplasmin (antibrinolytic) agent. Used in

haemorrhage caused by administration of plasminogen
activators (streptokinase, urokinase), obstetric
complications, and in hyperplasminaemic states.
Contraindication: Active intravascular clotting process,
82 - - 83 - -
mature to erythrocytes. There is a dose response
relationship with this effect.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 2-6 weeks after
initiating treatment; Bioavailability (SC): ~37% (range:
30% to 50%); Elimination half-life: 21 hr (IV), 49 hr (SC);
Half-life is ~3 times as long as epoetin alfa.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to darbepoetin or any
component of the formulation (including polysorbate 80
and/or albumin); uncontrolled hypertension
Adverse effect: Hypertension, hypotension, edema,
fatigue, seizure, fever, headache, dizziness, diarrhea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, nausea, dyspnea, infection,
thrombosis, rash, pruritus.
Dosage: Anemia of CRF: initial 0.45 mcg/kg once weekly,
titration to response; some patients may respond to
doses given once every 2 weeks
, and do not freeze or shake

Supply: Inj 25 mcg/1 ml/vial
Lenograstim-Granocyte(IGRAN)(
)
Indication: Increase in neutrophil count after bone
marrow transplantation; cancer chemotherapy-induced
neutopenia; myelodysplastic syndromes
Precautions: Serious liver, renal or cardiopulmonary
dysfunction. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, bone pain, low back pan,
chest pain, headache, and fever
Dosage: Adult: 2 mcg/kg SC or 5 mcg/kg IV once daily;
children: 2 mcg/kg SC or IV once daily.
20:24 Hemorrheologic Agents
Pentoxifylline-Trental(OTRE4) Fylin(OFYLI) Ceretal
(OCER4)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular circulatory

disorder.
Contraindication: Recent myocardial infarction.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness, and ushing.
Dosage: PO: 400 mg 3 times/day with meals, may
reduce to 400 mg twice daily if GI or CNS side effects
occur. IV: initially 100 mg in 250-500 ml N/S or Dextrose
given over 1.5-3 hours, increased by 50 mg every day
until a daily dose of 400 mg is reached.
Supply: Tab 400 mg
20:28 Antihemorrhagic Agents
20:28.08 Antiheparin Agents
Protamine sulphate (IPROTA)
Indication: Heparin antagonists, heparin effects wear off

so rapidly that an antagonist is seldom required except
after perfusion for open- heart surgery.
Contraindication: It is unwise to give more than 100mg
over a short period unless there is certain knowledge of a
large requirement. Patients with a history of allergy to sh
may develop hypersensitivity reactions of protamine.
Adverse effect: A sudden fall in blood pressure,
bradycardia, dyspnea, transitory ushing, and feeling of
warmth.
Dosage: Protamine 1mg neutralized 100 IU of heparin. In
heparin overdose: it can be given as a loading of 25-50 mg
by slow IV injection, with the rest of calculated dose
over 8-16 hrs.
20:28.16 Hemostatics
Tranexamic acid-Transamin(OTRANS)
Tren(ITREN)
Indication: Antiplasmin (antibrinolytic) agent. Used in

haemorrhage caused by administration of plasminogen
activators (streptokinase, urokinase), obstetric
complications, and in hyperplasminaemic states.
Contraindication: Active intravascular clotting process,
84 - - 85 - -
acquired defective color vision, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
and hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, headache, hypotension,
heartburn, dizziness, pruritus, erythema, skin rash, nausea,
nasal stufness, diuresis, muscle pain,
weakness, intrarenal obstruction.
Dosage: PO 1-1.5 gm BID-TID, dosage reduced in renal
failure. IV, usual dose is 0.5 to 1 g (10 to 15 mg/kg) given
2 to 3 times daily, starting immediately after surgery; and
after a few days, 1 to 1.5 g orally 3 to 4 times daily.
Supply: Cap 250 mg; Inj 500 mg/5ml/amp
Tissucol Duo Quick (ITISS)
Indication: Topical hemostatic agent in the redo
cardiovascular operations.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bovine protein.
Avoid inj to nasal mucus membrane. Arterial & strong
venous bleeding.
Adverse effect: Rarely, anaphylactic or anaphylactic
reactions.
Dosage: Individualized dosage.
Supply: Each ml contain: clottable protein 75-115 mg,
fibrinogen 70-110 mg, plasma fibronectin 2-9 mg, factor
XIII 10-50 U, plasminogen 0.04-0.12 mg, aprotinin (bovine)
3,000 KIU, lyophilized human thrombin thrombin
with thrombin activity 500 IU, CaCl2 soln 40 micromole.
24:00 Cardiovascular Drugs
24:04 Cardiac Drugs
24:04.04 Antiarrhythmic Agents
24:04.04.04 Class Ia Antiarrhythmics
Quinidine sulfate (OQUIN)

Indication: Cardiac arrhythmias; supraventricular
tachycardias
Contraindication: Complete heart block; lactation.
Adverse effect: GI irritation with nausea, vomiting &
diarrhoea; hypersensitivity reactions, granulomatous
hepatitis & lupus-like syndrome; cinchonism with tinnitus,
impaired hearing, visual disturbances, headache,
confusion, vertigo, vomiting & abdominal pain; hyoptension,
ventricular arrhythmias.
Dosage: Management of cardiac arrhythmias 200-400 mg
TID or QID. Treatment of supraventricular trachycardias:
up to 600 mg every 2-4 hr, max 4 g/day.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
24:04.04.08 Class Ib Antiarrhythmics
Lidocaine HCl Xylocaine(IXYL2) (IXYLE)(
)
(IORA)(EXY10)(IXYLI)(IXYL4) (
)(EXYLJ)(
Indication: Local anesthesia, acute management of

cardiac arrhythmia.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to local anesthetics of
the amide type, Adams-stokes syndrome, sinoatrial,
atrioventricular or intraventricular heart block, hypovolemia.
Adverse effect: Less tolerant to local anesthetics,
excitation of the CNS, arrhythmias and cardiac arrest
may occur.
Dosage: Direct IV, adults: 50-100 mg, rate 25-50 mg/min,
repeat if necessary, in one hour period 200-300 mg. IV
infusion, adults: 20-50 mcg/kg/min, ECG monitoring.
Usual initial adult dose: without epinephrine not exceed
300 mg, with epinephrine not exceed 500 mg. Children,
use of 0.5 or 1% solution.
Supply:
1) Local anesthesics (Local use): Inj 2% 20 ml/vial
2) 2% with epinephrine (1: 80,000) 20 ml/vial
3) 2% with epinephrine (1:73000) 1.8 ml/cartridge
4) Spray: 10% 50 ml/bot
5) Antiarrythmics (Inj for IV): 2% 5 ml
6) 4% 30 ml/vial
7) Jelly 2%, 30 g
84 - - 85 - -
acquired defective color vision, subarachnoid hemorrhage,
and hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, headache, hypotension,
heartburn, dizziness, pruritus, erythema, skin rash, nausea,
nasal stufness, diuresis, muscle pain,
weakness, intrarenal obstruction.
Dosage: PO 1-1.5 gm BID-TID, dosage reduced in renal
failure. IV, usual dose is 0.5 to 1 g (10 to 15 mg/kg) given
2 to 3 times daily, starting immediately after surgery; and
after a few days, 1 to 1.5 g orally 3 to 4 times daily.
Supply: Cap 250 mg; Inj 500 mg/5ml/amp
Tissucol Duo Quick (ITISS)
Indication: Topical hemostatic agent in the redo
cardiovascular operations.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bovine protein.
Avoid inj to nasal mucus membrane. Arterial & strong
venous bleeding.
Adverse effect: Rarely, anaphylactic or anaphylactic
reactions.
Supply: Each ml contain: clottable protein 75-115 mg,
fibrinogen 70-110 mg, plasma fibronectin 2-9 mg, factor
XIII 10-50 U, plasminogen 0.04-0.12 mg, aprotinin (bovine)
3,000 KIU, lyophilized human thrombin thrombin
with thrombin activity 500 IU, CaCl2 soln 40 micromole.
24:00 Cardiovascular Drugs
24:04 Cardiac Drugs
24:04.04 Antiarrhythmic Agents
24:04.04.04 Class Ia Antiarrhythmics
Quinidine sulfate (OQUIN)

Indication: Cardiac arrhythmias; supraventricular
tachycardias
Contraindication: Complete heart block; lactation.
Adverse effect: GI irritation with nausea, vomiting &
diarrhoea; hypersensitivity reactions, granulomatous
hepatitis & lupus-like syndrome; cinchonism with tinnitus,
impaired hearing, visual disturbances, headache,
confusion, vertigo, vomiting & abdominal pain; hyoptension,
ventricular arrhythmias.
Dosage: Management of cardiac arrhythmias 200-400 mg
TID or QID. Treatment of supraventricular trachycardias:
up to 600 mg every 2-4 hr, max 4 g/day.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
24:04.04.08 Class Ib Antiarrhythmics
)
(IORA)(EXY10)(IXYLI)(IXYL4) (
)(EXYLJ)(

cardiac arrhythmia.
may occur.
Supply:
3) 2% with epinephrine (1:73000) 1.8 ml/cartridge
6) 4% 30 ml/vial
7) Jelly 2%, 30 g
86 - - 87 - -
Mexiletine HCI-Mexitil(OMEXI)
Indication: Prevention and treatment of ventricular

arrhythmia.
Contraindication: Sinus node dysfunction; conduction
defect; bradycardia, hypotension; cardiac, renal or
hepatic failure.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, indigestion,
unpleasant taste, hiccups, lightheadedness, drowsiness,
confusion, dizziness, diplopia, blurred vision, nystagmus,
dysarthria, ataxia, tremor, paraesthesia, convulsions,
sinus bradycardia, hypotension, atrial brillation,
palpitations.
Dosage: PO initial: 400-600mg, followed by 200-250mg
TID-QID, starting 2 hrs after the loading dose.
Maintenance dose: 600-800 mg/day in divided dose.
Pharmacokinetics: Half-life is 9 to 16 hours; Absorption
may be delayed by concurrent use of anticholinergics or
opiates and enhanced by concurrent use of
metoclopramide.
Supply: Cap 100mg
24:04.04.12 Class Ic Antiarrhythmics
Propafenone HCI-Rytmonorm(ORYTM)

Indication: Ventricular and superventricular arrhythmias.
Place in therapy: Preliminary comparative trials suggest
that propafenone is at least as effective as disopyramide,
quinidine, and lidocaine in treating ventricular arrhythmias
and slightly less effective than tocainide.
Contraindication: Following condition is contraindicated
to the patient: known hypersensitivity, uncontrolled
congestive heart, cardiogenic shock, conduction
disorders (e.g. sick sinus syndrome, AV block) in the
absence of an artificial pacemaker, bradycardias, severe
hypotension, bronchospastic disorders, electrolyte
imbalances.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects occur most frequently in
the CNS, cardiovascular, and GI system. The most
common effects including: dizziness, unusual taste,
intraventricular conduction delay, nausea, vomiting, and
constipation. Dypnea, CHF, hepatotoxicity, agranulocytosis,
leukopenia, and sexual dysfunction have been reported.
Dosage: PO 150 mg Q8H, titration to 900 mg/day
Supply: Tab 150 mg
24:04.04.20 Class III Antiarrhythmics
Amiodarone HCI-Cordarone (OCORD) (ICORD)
Indication: Amiodarone is effective for the treatment of

life-threatening recurrent ventricular brillation and
tachycardia that has been unresponsive to adequate
dose of other antiarrhythmic agents. It is also effective in
refractory supraventricular arrhythmias.
Contraindication: Bradycardia, impairment of A-V
conduction, heart failure, patient with iodine sensitivity,
disorders of the thyroid gland, exposure to sunlight. Cant
be used with MAO inhibitors,
-blockers or calcium
antagonists.
Adverse effect: Benign yellowish-brown corneal
microdepositis, photosensitivity, severe bradycardia,
conduction disturbances, hypotension, hypo- or
hyperthyroidism, peripheral neuropathy, tremor, ataxia,
paresthesia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation,
nightmares, and fatigue. The most common adverse
effects requiring discontinuance of oral amiodarone are
pulmonary inltrates or brosis, paroxysmal ventricular
tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and elevations of
serum hepatic enzyme concentrations.
Dosage: Initial dose: 800-1600 mg PO daily for 1-3 weeks.
After adequate control: 600-800 mg daily for one month
then 400 mg daily. IV loading dose: 150 mg at rate of
15 mg/min over 10 min, then 360 mg at rate of
1mg/min (over 6 hrs). IV maintenance dose: 540 mg at
rate of 0.5 mg/min (over 18 hrs), after rst 24 hrs the
maintenance infusion rate of 0.5 mg/min (720 mg over 24
hrs) should be continued.
86 - - 87 - -
Mexiletine HCI-Mexitil(OMEXI)
Indication: Prevention and treatment of ventricular

arrhythmia.
Contraindication: Sinus node dysfunction; conduction
defect; bradycardia, hypotension; cardiac, renal or
hepatic failure.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, indigestion,
unpleasant taste, hiccups, lightheadedness, drowsiness,
confusion, dizziness, diplopia, blurred vision, nystagmus,
dysarthria, ataxia, tremor, paraesthesia, convulsions,
sinus bradycardia, hypotension, atrial brillation,
palpitations.
Dosage: PO initial: 400-600mg, followed by 200-250mg
TID-QID, starting 2 hrs after the loading dose.
Maintenance dose: 600-800 mg/day in divided dose.
Pharmacokinetics: Half-life is 9 to 16 hours; Absorption
may be delayed by concurrent use of anticholinergics or
opiates and enhanced by concurrent use of
metoclopramide.
Supply: Cap 100mg
24:04.04.12 Class Ic Antiarrhythmics
Propafenone HCI-Rytmonorm(ORYTM)

Indication: Ventricular and superventricular arrhythmias.
Place in therapy: Preliminary comparative trials suggest
that propafenone is at least as effective as disopyramide,
quinidine, and lidocaine in treating ventricular arrhythmias
and slightly less effective than tocainide.
Contraindication: Following condition is contraindicated
to the patient: known hypersensitivity, uncontrolled
congestive heart, cardiogenic shock, conduction
disorders (e.g. sick sinus syndrome, AV block) in the
absence of an artificial pacemaker, bradycardias, severe
hypotension, bronchospastic disorders, electrolyte
imbalances.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects occur most frequently in
the CNS, cardiovascular, and GI system. The most
common effects including: dizziness, unusual taste,
intraventricular conduction delay, nausea, vomiting, and
constipation. Dypnea, CHF, hepatotoxicity, agranulocytosis,
leukopenia, and sexual dysfunction have been reported.
Dosage: PO 150 mg Q8H, titration to 900 mg/day
Supply: Tab 150 mg
24:04.04.20 Class III Antiarrhythmics
Amiodarone HCI-Cordarone (OCORD) (ICORD)
Indication: Amiodarone is effective for the treatment of

life-threatening recurrent ventricular brillation and
tachycardia that has been unresponsive to adequate
dose of other antiarrhythmic agents. It is also effective in
refractory supraventricular arrhythmias.
Contraindication: Bradycardia, impairment of A-V
conduction, heart failure, patient with iodine sensitivity,
disorders of the thyroid gland, exposure to sunlight. Cant
be used with MAO inhibitors,
-blockers or calcium
antagonists.
Adverse effect: Benign yellowish-brown corneal
microdepositis, photosensitivity, severe bradycardia,
conduction disturbances, hypotension, hypo- or
hyperthyroidism, peripheral neuropathy, tremor, ataxia,
paresthesia, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, constipation,
nightmares, and fatigue. The most common adverse
effects requiring discontinuance of oral amiodarone are
pulmonary inltrates or brosis, paroxysmal ventricular
tachycardia, congestive heart failure, and elevations of
serum hepatic enzyme concentrations.
Dosage: Initial dose: 800-1600 mg PO daily for 1-3 weeks.
After adequate control: 600-800 mg daily for one month
then 400 mg daily. IV loading dose: 150 mg at rate of
15 mg/min over 10 min, then 360 mg at rate of
1mg/min (over 6 hrs). IV maintenance dose: 540 mg at
rate of 0.5 mg/min (over 18 hrs), after rst 24 hrs the
maintenance infusion rate of 0.5 mg/min (720 mg over 24
hrs) should be continued.
88 - - 89 - -
Stability: Amiodarone is stable for 5 days when stored in
glass bottles. A 40% loss over 120 hours occurred when
stored in PVC bags or infused through polyvinylchloride
IV administration sets. Use only dextrose solution as
solvent. Concentrations weaker than 300 mg in 500 ml
are not stable.
Supply: Tab 200 mg; Inj 150 mg/3 ml/amp
24:04.04.24 Class IV Antiarrhythmics
Adenosine-Adenocor (IADEN)
Indication: Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular

tachycardias. Diagnostic in narrow & broad-complex
tachycardias.
Contraindication: 2nd and 3rd degree AV block (except
in patients with a functioning artical pacemaker); sick
sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning
articial pacemaker); asthma.
Adverse effect: Facial ush, dyspnoea, a feeling of
thoracic constriction, nausea, and light headedness
Dosage: Initially 3 mg by rapid IV bolus inj over 2 seconds.
If required, a 2nd dose of 6 mg & 3rd dose of 12 mg at
1-2 min intervals may be given.
24:04.08 Cardiotonic Agents
Digoxin Lanoxin(ODIGO)(IDIG2)
C

Indication: Congestive heart failure, atrial brillation,
atrial utter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, cardiogenic
shock.
Contraindication: Ventricular brillation, digitalis
intoxication.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, anorexia (the earliest
symptom of digoxin overdose), cardiac arrhythmia, and
conduction defect.
Dosage: Adults: Oral: rapid digitalization: 0.75-1.5 mg,
maintenance dose: 0.125-0.25 mg; IV: rapid digitalization:
0.75 mg initially, 0.25 mg Q2-4H, maximum dose: 1.0-1.5
mg. Infants and Children: 10-20 mcg/kg/day by mouth or
by injection.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg; Inj 0.5 mg/2 ml/amp
Milrinone-Primacor(IMILR)
Indication: Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

with positive inotropic and vasodilator activity.
Place in therapy: The primary usefulness of milrinone is
limited to the short-term intravenous treatment of
congestive heart failure; milrinone does not arrest the
natural progression of the disease, and may actually
worsen CHF and shorten patient survival.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; use with caution on
patient of atrial brillation/utter, electrolyte abnormalities,
hypotension, proarrhythmic effects, recent myocardial
infarction, renal disease
Adverse effect: Exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmias
and angina have been reported with milrinone; patients
may also experience headache with the drug.
Dosage: Adults: IV bolus 50 mcg/kg administered slowly
over 10 minutes. Maintenance dosing is a continuous
infusion of 0.375-0.75 mcg/kg/minute
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life is 1-2 hours;
80% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the
urine within 24 hours
24:06 Antilipemic Agents
24:06.06 Fibric Acid Derivatives
Fenobrate Lipolin(OLIPO) Fenobrate (
)(OFEN1)
Fenolip(OFENO) Lipanthyl (OLIPA)
Indication: Fenobrate is used in the treatment of
hyperlipoproteinemia, and to increase high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Place in therapy: Fenobrate may be more effective
88 - - 89 - -
Stability: Amiodarone is stable for 5 days when stored in
glass bottles. A 40% loss over 120 hours occurred when
stored in PVC bags or infused through polyvinylchloride
IV administration sets. Use only dextrose solution as
solvent. Concentrations weaker than 300 mg in 500 ml
are not stable.
24:04.04.24 Class IV Antiarrhythmics
Adenosine-Adenocor (IADEN)
Indication: Treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular

tachycardias. Diagnostic in narrow & broad-complex
tachycardias.
Contraindication: 2nd and 3rd degree AV block (except
in patients with a functioning artical pacemaker); sick
sinus syndrome (except in patients with a functioning
articial pacemaker); asthma.
Adverse effect: Facial ush, dyspnoea, a feeling of
thoracic constriction, nausea, and light headedness
Dosage: Initially 3 mg by rapid IV bolus inj over 2 seconds.
If required, a 2nd dose of 6 mg & 3rd dose of 12 mg at
1-2 min intervals may be given.
24:04.08 Cardiotonic Agents
Digoxin Lanoxin(ODIGO)(IDIG2)
C

Indication: Congestive heart failure, atrial brillation,
atrial utter, paroxysmal atrial tachycardia, cardiogenic
shock.
Contraindication: Ventricular brillation, digitalis
intoxication.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, anorexia (the earliest
symptom of digoxin overdose), cardiac arrhythmia, and
conduction defect.
Dosage: Adults: Oral: rapid digitalization: 0.75-1.5 mg,
maintenance dose: 0.125-0.25 mg; IV: rapid digitalization:
0.75 mg initially, 0.25 mg Q2-4H, maximum dose: 1.0-1.5
mg. Infants and Children: 10-20 mcg/kg/day by mouth or
by injection.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg; Inj 0.5 mg/2 ml/amp
Milrinone-Primacor(IMILR)
Indication: Milrinone is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor

with positive inotropic and vasodilator activity.
Place in therapy: The primary usefulness of milrinone is
limited to the short-term intravenous treatment of
congestive heart failure; milrinone does not arrest the
natural progression of the disease, and may actually
worsen CHF and shorten patient survival.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; use with caution on
patient of atrial brillation/utter, electrolyte abnormalities,
hypotension, proarrhythmic effects, recent myocardial
infarction, renal disease
Adverse effect: Exacerbation of ventricular arrhythmias
and angina have been reported with milrinone; patients
may also experience headache with the drug.
Dosage: Adults: IV bolus 50 mcg/kg administered slowly
over 10 minutes. Maintenance dosing is a continuous
infusion of 0.375-0.75 mcg/kg/minute
Pharmacokinetics: Elimination half-life is 1-2 hours;
80% to 85% of the drug is excreted unchanged in the
urine within 24 hours
24:06 Antilipemic Agents
24:06.06 Fibric Acid Derivatives
Fenobrate Lipolin(OLIPO) Fenobrate (
)(OFEN1)
Fenolip(OFENO) Lipanthyl (OLIPA)
Indication: Fenobrate is used in the treatment of
hyperlipoproteinemia, and to increase high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations.
Place in therapy: Fenobrate may be more effective
90 - - 91 - -
than clobrate in lowering low-density lipoprotein
(LDL)-cholesterol, and its efcacy can be enhanced by
combination with other hypolipidemic agents that have a
different mechanism of action.
Contraindication: Preexisting gallbladder disease;
hepatic dysfunction, including primary biliary cirrhosis and
unexplained persistent liver function abnormality;
hypersensitivity; severe renal dysfunction
Adverse effect: Skin rash, transient elevations in serum
transaminases have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 67mg PO QD with food, maximum
201mg/day; micronized capsules 67mg are bioequivalent
to 100-mg non-micronized fenobrate capsules; 200mg
micronized capsule is equivalent to 3 capsules of 67mg
micronized capsules.
Pharmacokinetics: Over 90% of micronized fenobrate
is absorbed when taken with meals; it is hydrolyzed to its
active form, fenobric acid, and extensively protein bound.
Supply: Cap 100 mg (Lipolin; Fenobrate
), 200 mg
(Fenolip, Lipanthyl)
Gembrozil Lipdown (OLIPD)
Indication: Dyslipidemia type Iia, Iib, III, IV & V. reduces

risk of CHD
Contraindication: Gallbladder disease, hepatic, and
renal dysfunction including primary cirrhosis.
Adverse effect: GI upset, rash, pruritus, headache,
dizziness, and hematopoietic disorders.
Dosage: 1200 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
Supply: Cap 300 mg
24:06.08 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Simvastatin Zocor (OZOC4) Simvatin (OSIM2)
Indication: Primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous

familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia
(Frederickson types IIa and IIb). Simvastatin is also
indicated for patients with coronary heart disease and
hypercholesterolemia to reduce the risk of coronary death,
nonfatal myocardial infarction, myocardial
revascularization procedures, and stroke.
Contraindication: Patients with active liver disease,
unexplained elevations of serum transaminases,
hypersensitivity, pregnancy, and lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache and gastrointestinal
complaints. Elevations in transaminases greater than 3
times the upper limit of normal were reported in 1% of
patients. Elevations in creatine phosphokinase have also
been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 5-40 mg PO QD, administered in the
evening
Pharmacokinetics: Simvastatin is administered as a
prodrug, which is hydrolyzed in the liver to its active form.
Peak serum levels of active drug occur 1 to 2 hours after
oral administration; excretion is primarily via the biliary
tract.
Supply: Tab 40 mg (Zocor), 20 mg (Simvatin)
Fluvastatin Lescol(OLESC)
Indication: As an adjunct to diet for the reduction of

elevated total-C, LDL-C, apo B & TG levels & for the
increase of HDL-C in patients with primary
hypercholesterolaemia & mixed dyslipidemia. To slow the
progression of coronary atherosclerosis in primary or mild
forms of hypercholesterolaemia & CHD. Secondary
prevention of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death,
non-fatal myocardial infarction & coronary revascularisation)
in patients with CHD after coronary transcatheter therapy.
Contraindication: Active liver disease, unexplained
persistent elevations in serum transaminases.
Adverse effect: The most commonly reported adverse
drug reactions are minor GI symptoms, insomnia and
headache, elevation of transaminase levels. Rarely,
hypersensitivity reactions.
Dosage: 40-80 mg once daily
Supply: Cap 40 mg
90 - - 91 - -
than clobrate in lowering low-density lipoprotein
(LDL)-cholesterol, and its efcacy can be enhanced by
combination with other hypolipidemic agents that have a
different mechanism of action.
Contraindication: Preexisting gallbladder disease;
hepatic dysfunction, including primary biliary cirrhosis and
unexplained persistent liver function abnormality;
hypersensitivity; severe renal dysfunction
Adverse effect: Skin rash, transient elevations in serum
transaminases have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 67mg PO QD with food, maximum
201mg/day; micronized capsules 67mg are bioequivalent
to 100-mg non-micronized fenobrate capsules; 200mg
micronized capsule is equivalent to 3 capsules of 67mg
micronized capsules.
Pharmacokinetics: Over 90% of micronized fenobrate
is absorbed when taken with meals; it is hydrolyzed to its
active form, fenobric acid, and extensively protein bound.
Supply: Cap 100 mg (Lipolin; Fenobrate
), 200 mg
(Fenolip, Lipanthyl)
Gembrozil Lipdown (OLIPD)
Indication: Dyslipidemia type Iia, Iib, III, IV & V. reduces

risk of CHD
Contraindication: Gallbladder disease, hepatic, and
renal dysfunction including primary cirrhosis.
Adverse effect: GI upset, rash, pruritus, headache,
dizziness, and hematopoietic disorders.
Dosage: 1200 mg daily in 2 divided doses.
Supply: Cap 300 mg
24:06.08 HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
Simvastatin Zocor (OZOC4) Simvatin (OSIM2)
Indication: Primary hypercholesterolemia (heterozygous

familial and nonfamilial) and mixed dyslipidemia
(Frederickson types IIa and IIb). Simvastatin is also
indicated for patients with coronary heart disease and
hypercholesterolemia to reduce the risk of coronary death,
nonfatal myocardial infarction, myocardial
revascularization procedures, and stroke.
Contraindication: Patients with active liver disease,
unexplained elevations of serum transaminases,
hypersensitivity, pregnancy, and lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache and gastrointestinal
complaints. Elevations in transaminases greater than 3
times the upper limit of normal were reported in 1% of
patients. Elevations in creatine phosphokinase have also
been reported.
Dosage: Adults: 5-40 mg PO QD, administered in the
evening
Pharmacokinetics: Simvastatin is administered as a
prodrug, which is hydrolyzed in the liver to its active form.
Peak serum levels of active drug occur 1 to 2 hours after
oral administration; excretion is primarily via the biliary
tract.
Supply: Tab 40 mg (Zocor), 20 mg (Simvatin)
Fluvastatin Lescol(OLESC)
Indication: As an adjunct to diet for the reduction of

elevated total-C, LDL-C, apo B & TG levels & for the
increase of HDL-C in patients with primary
hypercholesterolaemia & mixed dyslipidemia. To slow the
progression of coronary atherosclerosis in primary or mild
forms of hypercholesterolaemia & CHD. Secondary
prevention of major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death,
non-fatal myocardial infarction & coronary revascularisation)
in patients with CHD after coronary transcatheter therapy.
Contraindication: Active liver disease, unexplained
persistent elevations in serum transaminases.
Adverse effect: The most commonly reported adverse
drug reactions are minor GI symptoms, insomnia and
headache, elevation of transaminase levels. Rarely,
Dosage: 40-80 mg once daily
Supply: Cap 40 mg
92 - - 93 - -
Atorvastatin calcium Lipitor (ILIP4)
Indication: Atorvastatin is effective in the treatment of

hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Place in therapy: It appears to be more potent than the
currently available HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Atorvastatin decreases low-density-lipoprotein
cholesterol by 50% to 60% compared to 30% to 40% for
older statins; greater reductions in triglycerides have also
been reported with atorvastatin.
Contraindication: Active liver disease; unexplained,
persistent elevation of serum transaminases; pregnancy
and lactation; hypersensitivity to atorvastatin
Adverse effect: Headache has been the most common
adverse effect with atorvastatin; other adverse effects
include diarrhea, atulence, and mild elevations in liver
enzymes. The risk of myopathy and or rhabdomyolysis is
increased when atorvastatin is taken concomitantly with
cyclosporine, gembrozil, niacin, erythromycin, or azole
antifungals.
Dosage: Adults: 10-80 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Maximal reduction in plasma
cholesterol and triglycerides occurs after approximately 2
weeks of therapy.
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Lovastatin-Lovasta(OLOVAS)
Indication: Hypercholesterolemia
Contraindication: Active liver disease
Adverse effect: GI upsets; headache; skin rashes; fatigue;
dry mouth. Monitor for myopathy.
Dosage: 20 mg daily
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Rosuvastatin-Crestor(OCRES)
Indication: Treatment of primary hypercholesterolaemia

(type IIa including heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolaemia) or mixed dyslipidaemia (type IIb)
as an adjunct to diet when response to diet & other
non-pharmacological measures are inadequate.
Treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia,
either alone or as an adjunct to diet & other
non-pharmacological (e.g. exercise, weight reduction) is
inadequate. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
as an adjunct to diet and other lipid lowering treatments
(e.g. LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are not
appropriate.
persistent elevation of serum transaminases;
hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin
Adverse effect: Constipation, nausea, abdominal pain,
headache, dizziness, myalgia, asthenia.
Dosage: initially 10 mg once daily. Max: 20 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Amlodipine/Atorvastatin-Caduet(OCADU)
Indication: Hyperlipidemia - Hypertension

Contraindication: Active liver disease or unexplained
persistent elevations of serum transaminases;
hypersensitivity to amlodipine, atorvastatin or any
comeonent of the product
Adverse effect: Edema, abdominal pain, constipation,
atulence, indigestion, dizziness, and headache.
Dosage: Amlodipine 5-10 mg once daily, MAX 10 mg/day;
atorvastatin 10-20 mg once daily, maintenance 10-80 mg,
MAX 80 mg/day.
Supply: Tab amlodipine 5 mg/atorvastatin 10 mg
24:08 Hypotensive Agents
24:08.20 Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine Hydrochloride-Apresoline (OAPR5)
Indication: Moderate to severe hypertension.

Contraindication: Coronary artery disease,
hypersensitivity, mitral valve rheumatic heart disease.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, anorexia, palpitation,
92 - - 93 - -
Atorvastatin calcium Lipitor (ILIP4)
Indication: Atorvastatin is effective in the treatment of

hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.
Place in therapy: It appears to be more potent than the
currently available HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors.
Atorvastatin decreases low-density-lipoprotein
cholesterol by 50% to 60% compared to 30% to 40% for
older statins; greater reductions in triglycerides have also
been reported with atorvastatin.
persistent elevation of serum transaminases; pregnancy
and lactation; hypersensitivity to atorvastatin
Adverse effect: Headache has been the most common
adverse effect with atorvastatin; other adverse effects
include diarrhea, atulence, and mild elevations in liver
enzymes. The risk of myopathy and or rhabdomyolysis is
increased when atorvastatin is taken concomitantly with
cyclosporine, gembrozil, niacin, erythromycin, or azole
antifungals.
Dosage: Adults: 10-80 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Maximal reduction in plasma
cholesterol and triglycerides occurs after approximately 2
weeks of therapy.
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Lovastatin-Lovasta(OLOVAS)
Indication: Hypercholesterolemia
Contraindication: Active liver disease
Adverse effect: GI upsets; headache; skin rashes; fatigue;
dry mouth. Monitor for myopathy.
Dosage: 20 mg daily
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Rosuvastatin-Crestor(OCRES)
Indication: Treatment of primary hypercholesterolaemia

(type IIa including heterozygous familial
hypercholesterolaemia) or mixed dyslipidaemia (type IIb)
as an adjunct to diet when response to diet & other
non-pharmacological measures are inadequate.
Treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia,
either alone or as an adjunct to diet & other
non-pharmacological (e.g. exercise, weight reduction) is
inadequate. Homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia
as an adjunct to diet and other lipid lowering treatments
(e.g. LDL apheresis) or if such treatments are not
appropriate.
persistent elevation of serum transaminases;
hypersensitivity to rosuvastatin
Adverse effect: Constipation, nausea, abdominal pain,
headache, dizziness, myalgia, asthenia.
Dosage: initially 10 mg once daily. Max: 20 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Amlodipine/Atorvastatin-Caduet(OCADU)
Indication: Hyperlipidemia - Hypertension

Contraindication: Active liver disease or unexplained
persistent elevations of serum transaminases;
hypersensitivity to amlodipine, atorvastatin or any
comeonent of the product
Adverse effect: Edema, abdominal pain, constipation,
atulence, indigestion, dizziness, and headache.
Dosage: Amlodipine 5-10 mg once daily, MAX 10 mg/day;
atorvastatin 10-20 mg once daily, maintenance 10-80 mg,
MAX 80 mg/day.
Supply: Tab amlodipine 5 mg/atorvastatin 10 mg
24:08 Hypotensive Agents
24:08.20 Direct Vasodilators
Hydralazine Hydrochloride-Apresoline (OAPR5)
Indication: Moderate to severe hypertension.

Contraindication: Coronary artery disease,
hypersensitivity, mitral valve rheumatic heart disease.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, anorexia, palpitation,
94 - - 95 - -
tachycardia, angina pectoris, and headache.
Dosage: PO: Adults: 10-50 mg QID, up to 300 mg/day.
Children: 0.75 mg/kg/day initially in 4 divided doses; the
initial dose should not exceed 25 mg, increase gradually
to a MAX of 5 (infants)- 7.5 (children) mg/kg/day or 200
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Hydralazine/reserpine/hydrochlorothiazide-Esidri
(OESID)
Indication: Hypertension
Contraindication: History of mental depression; active
peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis; comedication with MAOIs;
Parkinsons disease.
Adverse effect: Depression, anxiety states, mild CNS
disturbances; GI disturbances, postural hypotension;
disturbances of potency.
Dosage: 3-6 tab dialy to be taken bid-tid.
Supply: Tab reserpine 0.1 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 10
mg/hydralazine 10 mg
24:12 Vasodilating Agents
24:12.08 Nitrates and Nitrites
Isosorbide mononitrate-ISMO-20 (OISMO)

Indication: Long-term treatment of circulation disorders
of the coronary blood vessels and for preventing attacks
of angina pectoris, post-myocardial infarction therapy.
Contraindication: Patients with marked low blood
pressure, circulatory collapse, states of shock and acute
myocardial infarction with low lling pressure.
Adverse effect: Nitrate headaches, decrease blood
pressure, slight states of dizziness, increase of the heart
rate, temporary reddening of the face, weakness, nausea,
vomiting.
Dosage: 1 Tab BID; Controlled release tab 30-240mg PO
QD
Supply: Tab 20mg
Note: Asymmetrical dosing regimen of 7 AM and 3 PM or
9 AM and 5 PM to allow for a nitrate-free dosing interval to
minimize nitrate tolerance
Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl trinitrate)-N.T.G. (ONTG)
Millisrol(IMILL)
Indication: Prophylatic treatment and management of

angina pectoris.
Contraindication: Patient with marked anemia, head
trauma, or cerebral hemorrhage.
Adverse effect: Headache, vertigo, weakness, palpitation,
dizziness, ushing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and
postural hypotension.
Dosage: 1 Tab sublingual every 5 minutes prn, up to 3
doses in 15 min. IV infusion, initial 5 mcg/min then
increased by 5 mcg/min at 3-5 min intervals until a
response is noted or the rate is 20 mcg/min
Supply: Sublingual tab 0.6mg, Inj 5 mg/10 ml/amp
Note:
1.Tab: Preserve in tight glass containers
2.Inj: It should be diluted (D
5
W or NS) before use, glass
containers and special Nitroglycerin IV sets (non-PVC)
should be used
Isosorbide dinitrate-Isoket (IISOK)
Indication: Angina pectoris.

Contraindication: Idiosyncracy.
Adverse effect: Headache, transient dizziness,
weakness, and ushing.
Dosage: IV infusion 2-7 mg/hr, up to 10 mg/hr
Supply: Inj 10mg/10 ml/amp
Nicorandil-Sigmart (OSIGM)
Indication: Angina pectoris
Contraindication: Coadministration with
phosphodiesterase type (PDE5) inhibitors
Adverse effect: Palpitations, facial ush; throbbing
94 - - 95 - -
tachycardia, angina pectoris, and headache.
Dosage: PO: Adults: 10-50 mg QID, up to 300 mg/day.
Children: 0.75 mg/kg/day initially in 4 divided doses; the
initial dose should not exceed 25 mg, increase gradually
to a MAX of 5 (infants)- 7.5 (children) mg/kg/day or 200
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Hydralazine/reserpine/hydrochlorothiazide-Esidri
(OESID)
Contraindication: History of mental depression; active
peptic ulcer, ulcerative colitis; comedication with MAOIs;
Parkinsons disease.
Adverse effect: Depression, anxiety states, mild CNS
disturbances; GI disturbances, postural hypotension;
disturbances of potency.
Dosage: 3-6 tab dialy to be taken bid-tid.
Supply: Tab reserpine 0.1 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 10
mg/hydralazine 10 mg
24:12 Vasodilating Agents
24:12.08 Nitrates and Nitrites
Isosorbide mononitrate-ISMO-20 (OISMO)

Indication: Long-term treatment of circulation disorders
of the coronary blood vessels and for preventing attacks
of angina pectoris, post-myocardial infarction therapy.
Contraindication: Patients with marked low blood
pressure, circulatory collapse, states of shock and acute
myocardial infarction with low lling pressure.
Adverse effect: Nitrate headaches, decrease blood
pressure, slight states of dizziness, increase of the heart
rate, temporary reddening of the face, weakness, nausea,
vomiting.
Dosage: 1 Tab BID; Controlled release tab 30-240mg PO
QD
Supply: Tab 20mg
Note: Asymmetrical dosing regimen of 7 AM and 3 PM or
9 AM and 5 PM to allow for a nitrate-free dosing interval to
minimize nitrate tolerance
Nitroglycerin (Glyceryl trinitrate)-N.T.G. (ONTG)
Millisrol(IMILL)
Indication: Prophylatic treatment and management of

angina pectoris.
Contraindication: Patient with marked anemia, head
trauma, or cerebral hemorrhage.
Adverse effect: Headache, vertigo, weakness, palpitation,
dizziness, ushing, nausea, vomiting, tachycardia, and
postural hypotension.
Dosage: 1 Tab sublingual every 5 minutes prn, up to 3
doses in 15 min. IV infusion, initial 5 mcg/min then
increased by 5 mcg/min at 3-5 min intervals until a
response is noted or the rate is 20 mcg/min
Supply: Sublingual tab 0.6mg, Inj 5 mg/10 ml/amp
Note:
1.Tab: Preserve in tight glass containers
2.Inj: It should be diluted (D
5
W or NS) before use, glass
containers and special Nitroglycerin IV sets (non-PVC)
should be used
Isosorbide dinitrate-Isoket (IISOK)
Indication: Angina pectoris.

Contraindication: Idiosyncracy.
Adverse effect: Headache, transient dizziness,
weakness, and ushing.
Dosage: IV infusion 2-7 mg/hr, up to 10 mg/hr
Supply: Inj 10mg/10 ml/amp
Nicorandil-Sigmart (OSIGM)
Indication: Angina pectoris
Contraindication: Coadministration with
phosphodiesterase type (PDE5) inhibitors
Adverse effect: Palpitations, facial ush; throbbing
96 - - 97 - -
headache, dizziness; rash; GI disturbances; increase in
liver enzymes; cervical pain; diplopia.
Dosage: 5 mg TID
Supply: Tab 5 mg
24:12.12 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Sildenal-Viagra(OVIA5)(
) (OVIAG1)(
Indication: Sildenal is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Sildenal indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Contraindication: Contraindicated in patients with
nitroglycerin or other organic nitrates, hypersensitivity to
sildenal; use with caution in patient with anatomical
deformation of the penis (angulation, cavernal brosis,
Peyronies disease) or patients with conditions
predisposing them to priapism (sickle cell anemia,
multiple myeloma, or leukemia) or patients with bleeding
disorders or active peptic ulceration or patient with
retinitis pigmentosa
Adverse effect: Adverse effects in clinical trials have
included headache (11%), ushing (4%), dyspepsia (less
than 4%), and musculoskeletal pain, most mild and
transient; withdrawal rate due to adverse events is 5%.
Dosage: Adults: 50 mg PO approximately 1 hour before
sexual activity, Doses range from 25-100 mg daily
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of penile tumescence
occurred within 10 min of visual sexual stimulation or
about 40 min after sildenal administration.
Supply: Tab 50 mg, 100mg
Tadalal-Cialis (OCIAL)(
)
Indication: Treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Pharmacology: Tadalal is a reversible, selective
phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, increased
levels of c-GMP in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in
smooth muscle relaxation and inow of blood to the
corpus cavernosum.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: within1 hour; Time to peak:
2hr; Duration: Up to36 hrs; Protein binding: 94%;
Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP3A4; Elimination half-life:
17.5 hr; Excretion: Feces (61%, as metabolites), urine
(36%, as metabolites).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tadalal,
concurrent use of organic nitrates (nitroglycerin) in any
form, concurrent use of alpha-blockers other than 0.4 mg
tamsulosin
Adverse effect: Headache, dyspepsia, ushing, CPK
increased, myalgia, abnormal liver function tests, blurred
vision, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, postural hypotension,
GTP increase.
Dosage: 5-20 mg to be given as one single dose and not
given more than once daily. Take prior to anticipated
sexually activity (Note: Erectile function may be improved
for up to 36 hours following a single dose; adjust dose).
Supply: Tab 20mg
Vardenal-Levitra(OLEVI)(
)
Pharmacology: Vardenal is a phosphodiesterase-5
enzyme inhibitor, which increased levels of c-GMP in the
corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle
relaxation and inow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
Pharmacokinetics: Time to peak:0.5- 2hrs;
Bioavailability: 15%, elderly(
65yrs): 52%; Metabolism:

Hepatic via CYP3A4 (major), forms active metabolite;
elimination half-life:4-5 hours; Excretion: feces (91-95%,
as metabolites), urine (2-6%).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to vardenal,
form.
increased, myalgia, rhinitis, vision changes (including
blurred vision, color changes, dimming), dizziness,
fatigue, postural hypotension, GTP increase.
Dosage: 10 mg orally 1 hour prior to sexual activity, to be
96 - - 97 - -
headache, dizziness; rash; GI disturbances; increase in
liver enzymes; cervical pain; diplopia.
Dosage: 5 mg TID
Supply: Tab 5 mg
24:12.12 Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Sildenal-Viagra(OVIA5)(
) (OVIAG1)(
Indication: Sildenal is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor.

Sildenal indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction.
Contraindication: Contraindicated in patients with
nitroglycerin or other organic nitrates, hypersensitivity to
sildenal; use with caution in patient with anatomical
deformation of the penis (angulation, cavernal brosis,
Peyronies disease) or patients with conditions
predisposing them to priapism (sickle cell anemia,
multiple myeloma, or leukemia) or patients with bleeding
disorders or active peptic ulceration or patient with
retinitis pigmentosa
Adverse effect: Adverse effects in clinical trials have
included headache (11%), ushing (4%), dyspepsia (less
than 4%), and musculoskeletal pain, most mild and
transient; withdrawal rate due to adverse events is 5%.
Dosage: Adults: 50 mg PO approximately 1 hour before
sexual activity, Doses range from 25-100 mg daily
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of penile tumescence
occurred within 10 min of visual sexual stimulation or
about 40 min after sildenal administration.
Supply: Tab 50 mg, 100mg
Tadalal-Cialis (OCIAL)(
)
Pharmacology: Tadalal is a reversible, selective
phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor, increased
levels of c-GMP in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in
smooth muscle relaxation and inow of blood to the
corpus cavernosum.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: within1 hour; Time to peak:
2hr; Duration: Up to36 hrs; Protein binding: 94%;
Metabolism: Hepatic via CYP3A4; Elimination half-life:
17.5 hr; Excretion: Feces (61%, as metabolites), urine
(36%, as metabolites).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tadalal,
form, concurrent use of alpha-blockers other than 0.4 mg
tamsulosin
increased, myalgia, abnormal liver function tests, blurred
vision, dizziness, fatigue, insomnia, postural hypotension,
GTP increase.
Dosage: 5-20 mg to be given as one single dose and not
given more than once daily. Take prior to anticipated
sexually activity (Note: Erectile function may be improved
for up to 36 hours following a single dose; adjust dose).
Supply: Tab 20mg
Vardenal-Levitra(OLEVI)(
)
Pharmacology: Vardenal is a phosphodiesterase-5
enzyme inhibitor, which increased levels of c-GMP in the
corpus cavernosum, resulting in smooth muscle
relaxation and inow of blood to the corpus cavernosum.
Pharmacokinetics: Time to peak:0.5- 2hrs;
Bioavailability: 15%, elderly(
65yrs): 52%; Metabolism:

Hepatic via CYP3A4 (major), forms active metabolite;
elimination half-life:4-5 hours; Excretion: feces (91-95%,
as metabolites), urine (2-6%).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to vardenal,
form.
increased, myalgia, rhinitis, vision changes (including
blurred vision, color changes, dimming), dizziness,
fatigue, postural hypotension, GTP increase.
Dosage: 10 mg orally 1 hour prior to sexual activity, to be
98 - - 99 - -
given as one single dose, MAX dose 20 mg.
Supply: Tab 10mg
24:12.92 Vasodilating Agents, Miscellaneous
Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E
1
, PGE
1
) -
Promostan(IPROM) Caverject(ICAVE)
Indication: Patent ductus arteriosus, Buergers disease,
arteriosclerosis obliterans, pulmonary atresia, Raynauds
disease, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic leg
ulcer due to chronic arterial occlusion.
Contraindication: Neonates with respiratory distress
syndrome; intracavenous injection is contraindicated in
men who might be predisposed to priapism; sickle cell
anemia, multiple myeloma; leukemia; intracavenous
injection should not be used in men for whom sexual
activity is inadvisable or contraindicated; hypersensitivity;
Adverse effect: Flushing, nausea, abdominal cramps,
tachycardia, hypotension, general malaise, and/or
edema. In the newborn the most frequent adverse effects
of alprostadil are apnea (10 to 12%), fever (14%),
ushing (10%), bradycardia (7%), and seizures.
Dosage: Raynauds phenomenon: 6-10 ng/kg/min IV for
12-72 hours. Angina: 5-30 ng/kg/min IV for 24-72 hours.
Dilation of ductus arteriosus: 0.05-0.1 mcg/kg/min.
Erectile dysfunction: 2.5-60 mcg intracavernosal injection.
Supply: Inj 20 g
Dipyridamole- Persantin(OPERS)Sancin
(OSANC)Peysan(OPEYS)
Indication: Dipyridamole is a phosphodiesterase

inhibitor, which inhibits platelet aggregation.
Management of chronic angina pectoris thromboembolic
disease; Dipyridamole is useful in preventing
thromboembolism in patients who have received
prosthetic heart valves.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to dipyridamole;
Adverse effect: Adverse effects reported including
headache, dizziness, nausea, skin rash.
Dosage: As antithrombotics: 400-600 mg/day before meal.
For angina pectories: 50 mg TID, maximum dose:
400 mg/day
Supply: Tab 25 mg (Persantin), 50 mg (Sancin), 75 mg
(Peysan)

Buomedil Misudin(OMISU)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
Contraindication: Severe arterial bleeding; immediately
postpartum.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, headache, vertigo,
dizziness, nausea, cutaneous ushing
Dosage: 300-600 mg daily
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Nicametate citrate-Euclidan (OEUCL)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular disorders.
Contraindication: Same as nicotinic acid.
Adverse effect: Transient palpitation, ushing of face.
Dosage: 300 mg/day
Supply: Tab 50 mg
24:20
-Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Doxazosin-Dosabin (ODOSA)Doxaben (XL)
(ODOXA)(ODOXX)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension

Pharmacology: Doxazosin is a selective long-acting

-1-adrenergic antagonist, with a similar structure to

prazosin. Once daily dose is effective alone or in
combination with other antihypertensive agents in
controlling mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to quinazolines such
as prazosin and terazosin
Adverse effect: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness,
vertigo, and headaches are the most common adverse
98 - - 99 - -
given as one single dose, MAX dose 20 mg.
Supply: Tab 10mg
24:12.92 Vasodilating Agents, Miscellaneous
Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E
1
, PGE
1
) -
Promostan(IPROM) Caverject(ICAVE)
Indication: Patent ductus arteriosus, Buergers disease,
arteriosclerosis obliterans, pulmonary atresia, Raynauds
disease, peripheral vascular disease, and ischemic leg
ulcer due to chronic arterial occlusion.
Contraindication: Neonates with respiratory distress
syndrome; intracavenous injection is contraindicated in
men who might be predisposed to priapism; sickle cell
anemia, multiple myeloma; leukemia; intracavenous
injection should not be used in men for whom sexual
activity is inadvisable or contraindicated; hypersensitivity;
Adverse effect: Flushing, nausea, abdominal cramps,
tachycardia, hypotension, general malaise, and/or
edema. In the newborn the most frequent adverse effects
of alprostadil are apnea (10 to 12%), fever (14%),
ushing (10%), bradycardia (7%), and seizures.
Dosage: Raynauds phenomenon: 6-10 ng/kg/min IV for
12-72 hours. Angina: 5-30 ng/kg/min IV for 24-72 hours.
Dilation of ductus arteriosus: 0.05-0.1 mcg/kg/min.
Erectile dysfunction: 2.5-60 mcg intracavernosal injection.
Supply: Inj 20 g
Dipyridamole- Persantin(OPERS)Sancin
(OSANC)Peysan(OPEYS)
Indication: Dipyridamole is a phosphodiesterase

inhibitor, which inhibits platelet aggregation.
Management of chronic angina pectoris thromboembolic
disease; Dipyridamole is useful in preventing
thromboembolism in patients who have received
prosthetic heart valves.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to dipyridamole;
Adverse effect: Adverse effects reported including
headache, dizziness, nausea, skin rash.
Dosage: As antithrombotics: 400-600 mg/day before meal.
For angina pectories: 50 mg TID, maximum dose:
400 mg/day
Supply: Tab 25 mg (Persantin), 50 mg (Sancin), 75 mg
(Peysan)

Buomedil Misudin(OMISU)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
Contraindication: Severe arterial bleeding; immediately
postpartum.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, headache, vertigo,
dizziness, nausea, cutaneous ushing
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Nicametate citrate-Euclidan (OEUCL)
Indication: Treatment of peripheral vascular disorders.
Contraindication: Same as nicotinic acid.
Adverse effect: Transient palpitation, ushing of face.
Dosage: 300 mg/day
Supply: Tab 50 mg
24:20

Doxazosin-Dosabin (ODOSA)Doxaben (XL)
(ODOXA)(ODOXX)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension

Pharmacology: Doxazosin is a selective long-acting

-1-adrenergic antagonist, with a similar structure to

prazosin. Once daily dose is effective alone or in
controlling mild to moderate essential hypertension.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to quinazolines such
as prazosin and terazosin
Adverse effect: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness,
vertigo, and headaches are the most common adverse
100 - - 101 - -
effects.
Dosage: Initial: 1 mg daily and slowly titrated up to a
maximum of 16 mg QD or until blood pressure is
adequately controlled. No dosing adjustments are
required in elderly or renal failure patients.
Supply: Tab 2 mg, 4 mg
Terazosin-Weson(OWESO) Tezopin(OTEZO)
Indication: Hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and

heart failure.
Place in therapy: All of the available selective

-1-receptor blockers appear to be equally effective for

the treatment of hypertension. Since
-1-adrenergic
blockers may be safely used in patients with diabetes,
congestive heart failure, asthma, and hyperlipidemia,
they may be preferred initial agents. For benign prostatic
hyperplasia, surgical (transurethral prostatectomy)
treatment is associated with an 85% improvement in
symptoms,
-blockers reduce symptoms by 51%, and

treatment with the 5-
-reductase inhibitor nasteride

improves symptoms by 31%.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect: The rst-dose syncope and postural
hypotension frequently occur. Other adverse effects
include dizziness, faintness, fatigue and headache;
tachycardia has also been observed.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 1 mg PO HS, then titrate to 5
mg PO QD; some patients may require 10-20 mg PO QD.
Dosing adjustments are not required in elderly patients
but escalation should be slower.
Supply: Tab 2mg
Tamsulosin-Tamso SR (OTAMS)Harnalidge D
(OHARD)
Indication: Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1A
adrenoceptor antagonist with claimed selectivity for the
genitourinary tract.
Place in therapy: The selective alpha-1 adrenergic
blockers have been shown to signicantly increase
urinary ow rates and decrease outow obstruction and
irritation symptoms, such as frequency, nocturia, urgency,
and urge incontinence, associated with benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tamsulosin
Adverse effect: Oral tamsulosin has been well tolerated,
and alterations in blood pressure or heart rate have not
been signicant; abnormal ejaculation, dizziness,
headache, nausea, diarrhea, rhinitis, and slight
reductions in hemoglobin have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: for benign prostatic hyperplasia: 0.4mg
PO QD; Dosing adjustments is suggested in patients with
severe liver dysfunction.
Pharmacokinetics: It has an elimination half-life of 9-15
hours.
Supply: Cap 0.2 mg; Tab 0.2 mg
Alfuzosin Xatral XL (OXAT1)
Indication: Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Contraindication: Orthostatic hyoptension; impaired
liver function; severely impaired kidney function
(creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min); intestinal occlusion
(due to the presence of castor oil).
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, lightheadedness,
dizziness, feeling faint, and headaches.
Dosage: 10 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg.
24:24

Acebutolol-Sectral (OSECT)
Indication: Acebutolol is effective in angina pectoris,

hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias.
Place in therapy: All currently available
-blockers
appear to be equally effective for the treatment of
hypertension; however,
-blockers with cardioselectivity

(i.e. atenolol, acebutolol) may be particularly effective in
100 - - 101 - -
effects.
Dosage: Initial: 1 mg daily and slowly titrated up to a
maximum of 16 mg QD or until blood pressure is
adequately controlled. No dosing adjustments are
required in elderly or renal failure patients.
Terazosin-Weson(OWESO) Tezopin(OTEZO)
Indication: Hypertension, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and

heart failure.
Place in therapy: All of the available selective

-1-receptor blockers appear to be equally effective for

the treatment of hypertension. Since
-1-adrenergic
blockers may be safely used in patients with diabetes,
congestive heart failure, asthma, and hyperlipidemia,
they may be preferred initial agents. For benign prostatic
hyperplasia, surgical (transurethral prostatectomy)
treatment is associated with an 85% improvement in
symptoms,
-blockers reduce symptoms by 51%, and

treatment with the 5-
-reductase inhibitor nasteride

improves symptoms by 31%.
Adverse effect: The rst-dose syncope and postural
hypotension frequently occur. Other adverse effects
include dizziness, faintness, fatigue and headache;
tachycardia has also been observed.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 1 mg PO HS, then titrate to 5
mg PO QD; some patients may require 10-20 mg PO QD.
Dosing adjustments are not required in elderly patients
but escalation should be slower.
Supply: Tab 2mg
Tamsulosin-Tamso SR (OTAMS)Harnalidge D
(OHARD)
Indication: Tamsulosin is a selective alpha-1A
adrenoceptor antagonist with claimed selectivity for the
genitourinary tract.
Place in therapy: The selective alpha-1 adrenergic
blockers have been shown to signicantly increase
urinary ow rates and decrease outow obstruction and
irritation symptoms, such as frequency, nocturia, urgency,
and urge incontinence, associated with benign prostatic
hyperplasia (BPH).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to tamsulosin
Adverse effect: Oral tamsulosin has been well tolerated,
and alterations in blood pressure or heart rate have not
been signicant; abnormal ejaculation, dizziness,
headache, nausea, diarrhea, rhinitis, and slight
reductions in hemoglobin have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: for benign prostatic hyperplasia: 0.4mg
PO QD; Dosing adjustments is suggested in patients with
severe liver dysfunction.
Pharmacokinetics: It has an elimination half-life of 9-15
hours.
Supply: Cap 0.2 mg; Tab 0.2 mg
Alfuzosin Xatral XL (OXAT1)
Indication: Benign prostatic hypertrophy.
Contraindication: Orthostatic hyoptension; impaired
liver function; severely impaired kidney function
(creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min); intestinal occlusion
(due to the presence of castor oil).
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, lightheadedness,
dizziness, feeling faint, and headaches.
Dosage: 10 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg.
24:24

Acebutolol-Sectral (OSECT)
Indication: Acebutolol is effective in angina pectoris,

hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias.
Place in therapy: All currently available
-blockers
appear to be equally effective for the treatment of
hypertension; however,
-blockers with cardioselectivity

(i.e. atenolol, acebutolol) may be particularly effective in
102 - - 103 - -
hypertension with asthma or diabetes. Since acebutolol
has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, it does not
increase serum triglyceride levels or decrease HDL
cholesterol, acebutolol may be useful in patients with
dyslipidemia.
Contraindication: Persistently severe bradycardia,
second degree and third degree heart block, overt
cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, avoid use with
verapamil concomitantly.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, bradycardia, congestive
heart failure, fatigue, headache, GI toxicity, decrease in
FEV-1 in asthmatics, lupus-like reactions appear more
commonly than with other
-blockers.
Dosage: Hypertension: 400-800 mg QD or divided to
BID use, stable angina: 600-1600 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 400 mg
Atenolol -Tenolol(OATEO) Tenormin
(OTENO)
Indication: Hypertension, angina pectoris.

Contraindication: Sinus bradycardia, cardiac shock,
symptomatic CHF.
Adverse effect: Cold extremeties, muscular fatigue.
Dosage: 50-100 mg QD.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Carvedilol-Dilatrend (ODIL6)(ODILAT)
Longcardio(OLONG)
Indication: Carvedilol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic
blocking agent with alpha-1 blocking activity, moderate
membrane stabilizing activity, no intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity, and high lipid solubility.
Carvedilol is effective in the treatment of
mild-to-moderate hypertension, angina, and congestive
heart failure.
Place in therapy: Numerous studies have shown that
oral carvedilol is effective in the treatment of mild to
moderate hypertension. Carvedilol has been shown to
reduce infarct size in animals. Carvedilol may be given
as adjunctive therapy with diuretics,
angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitors, and with or
without digoxin in patients with CHF. Carvedilol has been
shown to be effective in the treatment of angina pectoris.
The ability of carvedilol to reduce afterload may improve
left ventricular function in patients with angina.
Contraindication: Bronchial asthma or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic shock,
hypersensitivity, overt cardiac failure, second and third
degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia, sick sinus
syndrome, and severe liver failure
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effect is
dizziness; other adverse effects include fatigue,
hypotension, bradycardia, headache, bronchospasm,
and skin rash.
Dosage: Adults: Hypertension, 6.25 mg PO BID may be
increase to 12.5-25 mg BID; CHF, 3.125 mg PO BID may
be doubled every 2 weeks up to a maximum dose of
25-50 mg BID; dose reductions are suggested in liver
disease
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is extensively metabolized
in the liver and primarily excreted via the feces; the
elimination half-life of carvedilol is 6 to 8 hours.
Supply: Tab 6.25 mg, 25 mg
Labetalol HCITrandate(OTRAND)(ITRA5) (
Indication: All grades of hypertension.

Contraindication: Overt heart failure or atrioventricular
block, bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, cardiogenic shock, and severe sinus bradycardia
Adverse effect: Postural hypotension, scalp tingling,
insomnia, GI discomfort, nasal stiffness, vivid dreams.
Dosage: PO: 200-400 mg BID; IV: initial dose 50 mg , if
necessary, doses of 50 mg may be repeated at 5 minutes
interval until a satisfactory response occurs.
Stability: When the concentration at 1.25, or 3.75 mg/ml
either D5W or NS solution is stable for 72 hours at 4 or 24
.
102 - - 103 - -
hypertension with asthma or diabetes. Since acebutolol
has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, it does not
increase serum triglyceride levels or decrease HDL
cholesterol, acebutolol may be useful in patients with
dyslipidemia.
Contraindication: Persistently severe bradycardia,
second degree and third degree heart block, overt
cardiac failure, cardiogenic shock, avoid use with
verapamil concomitantly.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, bradycardia, congestive
heart failure, fatigue, headache, GI toxicity, decrease in
FEV-1 in asthmatics, lupus-like reactions appear more
commonly than with other
-blockers.
Dosage: Hypertension: 400-800 mg QD or divided to
BID use, stable angina: 600-1600 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 400 mg
Atenolol -Tenolol(OATEO) Tenormin
(OTENO)

Contraindication: Sinus bradycardia, cardiac shock,
symptomatic CHF.
Adverse effect: Cold extremeties, muscular fatigue.
Dosage: 50-100 mg QD.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Carvedilol-Dilatrend (ODIL6)(ODILAT)
Longcardio(OLONG)
Indication: Carvedilol is a nonselective beta-adrenergic
blocking agent with alpha-1 blocking activity, moderate
membrane stabilizing activity, no intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity, and high lipid solubility.
Carvedilol is effective in the treatment of
mild-to-moderate hypertension, angina, and congestive
heart failure.
Place in therapy: Numerous studies have shown that
oral carvedilol is effective in the treatment of mild to
moderate hypertension. Carvedilol has been shown to
reduce infarct size in animals. Carvedilol may be given
as adjunctive therapy with diuretics,
angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitors, and with or
without digoxin in patients with CHF. Carvedilol has been
shown to be effective in the treatment of angina pectoris.
The ability of carvedilol to reduce afterload may improve
left ventricular function in patients with angina.
Contraindication: Bronchial asthma or chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic shock,
hypersensitivity, overt cardiac failure, second and third
degree AV block, severe sinus bradycardia, sick sinus
syndrome, and severe liver failure
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effect is
dizziness; other adverse effects include fatigue,
hypotension, bradycardia, headache, bronchospasm,
and skin rash.
Dosage: Adults: Hypertension, 6.25 mg PO BID may be
increase to 12.5-25 mg BID; CHF, 3.125 mg PO BID may
be doubled every 2 weeks up to a maximum dose of
25-50 mg BID; dose reductions are suggested in liver
disease
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is extensively metabolized
in the liver and primarily excreted via the feces; the
elimination half-life of carvedilol is 6 to 8 hours.
Labetalol HCITrandate(OTRAND)(ITRA5) (
Indication: All grades of hypertension.

Contraindication: Overt heart failure or atrioventricular
block, bronchial asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, cardiogenic shock, and severe sinus bradycardia
Adverse effect: Postural hypotension, scalp tingling,
insomnia, GI discomfort, nasal stiffness, vivid dreams.
Dosage: PO: 200-400 mg BID; IV: initial dose 50 mg , if
necessary, doses of 50 mg may be repeated at 5 minutes
interval until a satisfactory response occurs.
Stability: When the concentration at 1.25, or 3.75 mg/ml
either D5W or NS solution is stable for 72 hours at 4 or 24
.
104 - - 105 - -
Propranolol HCI-Inderal (Cardolol)(OIND1 OIND4)
Indication: Hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac

arrhythmia, prophylaxis of migraine, hypertrophic
subaortic stenosis.
Contraindication: Second to third degree heart block,
bronchial asthma, cardiogenic shocks, sinus bradycardia,
allergic rhinitis during the pollen season, hypoglycemia,
metabolic acidosis.
Dosage: PO 10-40 mg TID or QID, maintenance dose:
160-480 mg/day. For emergency of cardiac arrhythmia:
IV 1-3 mg (less than 1 mg/min), maximum dose: 10 mg.
Stability: In 0.5 or 20 mg/L either NS or D5W solution,
the stability is retained for 24 hours at 25
in PVC or
Polyolen container.
Supply: Tabs 10 mg, 40 mg
Bisoprolol-Concor (OCONC)(OCON1)
Biso(OBISO5)
Indication: Management of hypertension, angina

pectoris & stable, chronic moderate to severe heart
failure with reduced systolic ventricular function.
Contraindication: Acute heart failure or during episodes
of heart failure decompensation requiring IV inotropic
therapy, cardiogenic shock, AV block of grades II & III,
sick sinus syndrome, SA block, bradycardia with <60
beats/min; severe bronchial asthma or severe COPD,
hypotension (systolic BP <100 mmHg), advanced stages
of peripheral arterial circulatory disturbance & Raynauds
syndrome, untreated pheochromocytoma, metabolic
acidosis.
Adverse effect: Feeling of coldness or numbness in the
extremities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Tiredness, exhaustion, dizziness, headache (occur at the
beginning of the therapy & usually disappear within 1-2
weeks)
Dosage: Hypertension, angina pectoris: 5-10 mg once
daily. Stable chronic heart failure: 1.25 mg once daily for
1 week, if well tolerated then increase to 2.5 mg once
daily for 1 week, then 3.75 mg once daily for 1 week, then
5 mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 7.5 mg once daily for 4
weeks, then 10 mg once daily as maintenance therapy.
Max: 10 mg daily.
Betaxolol-Bexolo(OBEXO)

Contraindication: Cardiogenic shock, uncontrolled
congestive cardiac failure, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block if
no pacemaker is present. Marked bradycardia (heart rate
<50 beats/minute)
Adverse effect: Lassitude, exacerbation of Raynauds
disease or intermittent claudication & paraethesia of
extremities. Marked bradycardia, hypertension, AV block,
cardiac insufciency & bronchospasm.
Dosage: Adult 20 mg daily may be increased to 40 mg if
response is inadequate. Elderly patients or those with a
history of bronchospasm 10 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Esmolol-Brevibloc(IESMO)(
Indication: Rapid control of ventricular rate in patients

with atrial brillation or atrial utter in peri-op, post-op or
other emergent circumstances. Noncompensatory sinus
tachycardia. Treatment of tachycardia & hypertension
that occur during induction, tracheal intubation, during
surgery, on emergence from anesth & in the post-op period.
Contraindication:sinus bradycardia, heart block >1st
degree, cardiogenic shock or overt heart failure.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, dizziness, somnolence,
confusion, headache, agitation, fatigue, nausea, vomiting.
Dosage: Supraventricular trachycardia: 50-200
mcg/kg/min. Intra-op & post-op tachycardia &/or
hypertension: immediate control80 mg bolus dose over
30 seconds followed by a 150 mcg/kg/min infusion;
104 - - 105 - -
Propranolol HCI-Inderal (Cardolol)(OIND1 OIND4)
Indication: Hypertension, angina pectoris, cardiac

arrhythmia, prophylaxis of migraine, hypertrophic
subaortic stenosis.
Contraindication: Second to third degree heart block,
bronchial asthma, cardiogenic shocks, sinus bradycardia,
allergic rhinitis during the pollen season, hypoglycemia,
metabolic acidosis.
Dosage: PO 10-40 mg TID or QID, maintenance dose:
160-480 mg/day. For emergency of cardiac arrhythmia:
IV 1-3 mg (less than 1 mg/min), maximum dose: 10 mg.
Stability: In 0.5 or 20 mg/L either NS or D5W solution,
the stability is retained for 24 hours at 25
in PVC or
Polyolen container.
Supply: Tabs 10 mg, 40 mg
Bisoprolol-Concor (OCONC)(OCON1)
Biso(OBISO5)
Indication: Management of hypertension, angina

pectoris & stable, chronic moderate to severe heart
failure with reduced systolic ventricular function.
Contraindication: Acute heart failure or during episodes
of heart failure decompensation requiring IV inotropic
therapy, cardiogenic shock, AV block of grades II & III,
sick sinus syndrome, SA block, bradycardia with <60
beats/min; severe bronchial asthma or severe COPD,
hypotension (systolic BP <100 mmHg), advanced stages
of peripheral arterial circulatory disturbance & Raynauds
syndrome, untreated pheochromocytoma, metabolic
acidosis.
Adverse effect: Feeling of coldness or numbness in the
extremities, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation.
Tiredness, exhaustion, dizziness, headache (occur at the
beginning of the therapy & usually disappear within 1-2
weeks)
Dosage: Hypertension, angina pectoris: 5-10 mg once
daily. Stable chronic heart failure: 1.25 mg once daily for
1 week, if well tolerated then increase to 2.5 mg once
daily for 1 week, then 3.75 mg once daily for 1 week, then
5 mg once daily for 4 weeks, then 7.5 mg once daily for 4
weeks, then 10 mg once daily as maintenance therapy.
Max: 10 mg daily.
Betaxolol-Bexolo(OBEXO)

Contraindication: Cardiogenic shock, uncontrolled
congestive cardiac failure, 2nd or 3rd degree AV block if
no pacemaker is present. Marked bradycardia (heart rate
<50 beats/minute)
Adverse effect: Lassitude, exacerbation of Raynauds
disease or intermittent claudication & paraethesia of
extremities. Marked bradycardia, hypertension, AV block,
cardiac insufciency & bronchospasm.
Dosage: Adult 20 mg daily may be increased to 40 mg if
response is inadequate. Elderly patients or those with a
history of bronchospasm 10 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Esmolol-Brevibloc(IESMO)(
Indication: Rapid control of ventricular rate in patients

with atrial brillation or atrial utter in peri-op, post-op or
other emergent circumstances. Noncompensatory sinus
tachycardia. Treatment of tachycardia & hypertension
that occur during induction, tracheal intubation, during
surgery, on emergence from anesth & in the post-op period.
Contraindication:sinus bradycardia, heart block >1st
degree, cardiogenic shock or overt heart failure.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, dizziness, somnolence,
confusion, headache, agitation, fatigue, nausea, vomiting.
Dosage: Supraventricular trachycardia: 50-200
mcg/kg/min. Intra-op & post-op tachycardia &/or
hypertension: immediate control80 mg bolus dose over
30 seconds followed by a 150 mcg/kg/min infusion;
106 - - 107 - -
gradual controlinitially 50 mcg/kg/min for 1 min
followed by a 4 min maintenance infusion of 500
mcg/kg/min.
24:28 Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents
24:28.08 Dihydropyridines
Amlodipine -Norvasc(ONORV) Amcopine
(OAMCO)
Indication: Amlodipine is effective as once daily

monotherapy in hypertension and angina pectoris.
Contraindication: Patient with hypersensitivity to
amlodipine or symptomatic hypotension (systolic
pressure < 90 mmHg), or patient with advanced aortic
stenosis.
Adverse effect: Dose related peripheral edema;
headache, ushing, palpitations and GI disturbances.
Dosage: 5 to 10 mg QD. Dose reductions may be
indicated in the elderly or those with hepatic failure, but are
not necessary in renal impairment.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Norvasc), 10 mg (Amcopine)
Felodipine-Plendil (OPLEN)
Felopine SR(OFELS)
Indication: Felodipine is effective as monotherapy in

mild to moderate hypertension. It may be useful in angina,
congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension.
Place in therapy: Felodipine produces less disruption of
left ventricular function than do verapamil and diltiazem
and may be preferred in patients with concomitant sinus
bradycardia, conduction disturbances and compromised
cardiac function. As monotherapy, response was seen in
60% to 65% of patients on felodipine 5 to 10mg daily or
nifedipine 10mg twice daily.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to calcium channel
antagonist, symptomatic hypotension, any degree of A-V
block, use caution in patients with previous left ventricular
dysfunction.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, headache, peripheral edema
(worse than with verapamil and diltiazem), ushing, rash,
and gingival hyperplasia.
Dosage: Adults: Initial PO 5 mg QD; adjusted at 2 week
intervals; 20 mg QD has been used; for elderly and
impaired liver function, should not receive more than 10
mg/day. Children: PO 0.18 to 0.56 mg/kg QD were used
to control hypertension or renal artery stenosis.
Supply: Tab 5 mg

Nifedipine-Alonix-S (OALON)Adalat OROS (OADAO)
Nifecardia SR (ONIFE)Nedipin (OSUFE)
Coracten (OCORA)
Indication: Vasospastic angina, chronic angina,

migraine headache, Raynauds disease, and hypertension
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this or other
calcium channel antagonists, advanced aortic stenosis,
unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction
(within 4 weeks)
and gingival hyperplasia are the most common adverse
events seen with the dihydropyridine derivative calcium
channel antagonists including nifedipine.
Pharmacokinetics: The distribution and elimination
half-lives are 2.5 to 3 hours and 3 to 4 hours, respectively.
Dosage: Angina and hypertension: 10-20 mg PO TID or
30-60 mg extended release PO QD; doses above 180
mg/day regular release or 90-120 mg extended release
are not recommended.
Supply: Soft cap 5 mg (Alonix-S); Cap 10 mg (Nedipin),
20 mg (Coracten); Extended release Tab 30 mg (Adalat
OROS, Nifecardia SR)
106 - - 107 - -
gradual controlinitially 50 mcg/kg/min for 1 min
followed by a 4 min maintenance infusion of 500
mcg/kg/min.
24:28 Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents
24:28.08 Dihydropyridines
Amlodipine -Norvasc(ONORV) Amcopine
(OAMCO)
Indication: Amlodipine is effective as once daily

monotherapy in hypertension and angina pectoris.
Contraindication: Patient with hypersensitivity to
amlodipine or symptomatic hypotension (systolic
pressure < 90 mmHg), or patient with advanced aortic
stenosis.
Adverse effect: Dose related peripheral edema;
headache, ushing, palpitations and GI disturbances.
Dosage: 5 to 10 mg QD. Dose reductions may be
indicated in the elderly or those with hepatic failure, but are
not necessary in renal impairment.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Norvasc), 10 mg (Amcopine)
Felodipine-Plendil (OPLEN)
Felopine SR(OFELS)
Indication: Felodipine is effective as monotherapy in

mild to moderate hypertension. It may be useful in angina,
congestive heart failure, and pulmonary hypertension.
Place in therapy: Felodipine produces less disruption of
left ventricular function than do verapamil and diltiazem
and may be preferred in patients with concomitant sinus
bradycardia, conduction disturbances and compromised
cardiac function. As monotherapy, response was seen in
60% to 65% of patients on felodipine 5 to 10mg daily or
nifedipine 10mg twice daily.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to calcium channel
antagonist, symptomatic hypotension, any degree of A-V
block, use caution in patients with previous left ventricular
dysfunction.
and gingival hyperplasia.
Dosage: Adults: Initial PO 5 mg QD; adjusted at 2 week
intervals; 20 mg QD has been used; for elderly and
impaired liver function, should not receive more than 10
mg/day. Children: PO 0.18 to 0.56 mg/kg QD were used
to control hypertension or renal artery stenosis.
Supply: Tab 5 mg

Nifedipine-Alonix-S (OALON)Adalat OROS (OADAO)
Nifecardia SR (ONIFE)Nedipin (OSUFE)
Coracten (OCORA)
Indication: Vasospastic angina, chronic angina,

migraine headache, Raynauds disease, and hypertension
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to this or other
calcium channel antagonists, advanced aortic stenosis,
unstable angina pectoris, acute myocardial infarction
(within 4 weeks)
and gingival hyperplasia are the most common adverse
events seen with the dihydropyridine derivative calcium
channel antagonists including nifedipine.
Pharmacokinetics: The distribution and elimination
half-lives are 2.5 to 3 hours and 3 to 4 hours, respectively.
Dosage: Angina and hypertension: 10-20 mg PO TID or
30-60 mg extended release PO QD; doses above 180
mg/day regular release or 90-120 mg extended release
are not recommended.
Supply: Soft cap 5 mg (Alonix-S); Cap 10 mg (Nedipin),
20 mg (Coracten); Extended release Tab 30 mg (Adalat
OROS, Nifecardia SR)
108 - - 109 - -
Nicardipine HCI-Nicarpine (ONICA)
Perdipine (IPERD)
Indication: Cerebral blood ow disturbances and
hypertension
Contraindication: Incomplete hemostasis following
intracranial hemorrhage; acute cerebral apoplexy,
elevated intracranial pressure.
Adverse effect: Infrequently, anorexia, nausea, vomiting;
ushing; palpitation; headache. Rarely, granulocytopenia,
dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, peripheral edema, and
rash
Dosage: Cerebral blood ow disturbances: 20 mg TID;
essential hypertension 10-20 mg tid; short-term therapy
of hypertension or of unusual hypertension during
surgery: 2-10 mcg/kg/min.
Supply: Tab 20 mg; Inj 1 mg/ml/amp.
Nimodipine-Nimotop(INIMO)(
) (ONIMO)(
)[C]
Indication: Nimodipine is a calcium channel antagonist
for the improvement of neurological decits due to
cerebral artery spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Therapy should commence within 96 hours of the
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Place in therapy: Nimodipine differs from the currently
used calcium channel blockers in its cerebrovascular
selectivity. Nimodipine is effective in improving outcomes
due to cerebral artery spasm and subsequent neurologic
decits in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
and ruptured cerebral aneurysms, but not necessarily
improving the mortality.
Contraindication: Patients with hypersensitivity to
nimodipine and patients with cardiovascular surgery.
Intravenous doses of nimodipine greater than 1 mcg/kg/min
(0.06 mg/kg/hr) may cause signicant decreases in blood
pressure and should be used with caution.
Adverse effect: Primary side effects are GI disturbance
(diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps). Reduction in
blood pressure may also occur.
Dosage: For subarachnoid hemorrhage, initial rate of 1
mg/hr for 2 hours, then 1-3 mg/hr (24-72 mg daily) for 1-2
weeks has been used. For oral use, 20-90 mg (usually 60
mg) daily has been used. Dosage should reduce
in patients with hepatic function impairment and renal
impairment.
Stability: Nimodipine is sensitive to light. All syringes and
catheters used for infusing should be protected from light
with a suitable covering, such as aluminum or silver foil.
Nimodipine solution can bind to polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
tubing; non-PVC infusion equipment should be used.
Supply: Inj 0.02% 50 ml/bot; Tab 30 mg
Lercanidipine-Zanidip(OLERC)
Contraindication: Known sensitivity to dihydropyridines.
Adverse effect: Flushing, peripheral edema, palpitation,
headache, dizziness.
Dosage: 10 mg once daily. May increase to 20 mg
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Flunarizine-Sibelium (OSIBE) Fluzine (OFLUZ)
Indication: Migraine, prophylaxis and treatment of
vertigo and peripheral vascular disease.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitive to unarizine.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, headache, insomnia, nausea,
dry mouth.
Dosage: Migraine, headache prophylaxis and peripheral
vascular disease: PO 10mg daily as a single dose.
Vertigo: PO 20mg TID.
Supply: Cap 5 mg (Sibelium); Tab 5 mg (Fluzine)
24:28.92 Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents,
Miscellaneous
Diltiazem HCI-Herbesser (OHERB)(IHERB)
Cardizem (OCAR1)
Indication: Treatment of coronary artery spasm, angina

108 - - 109 - -
Nicardipine HCI-Nicarpine (ONICA)
Perdipine (IPERD)
Indication: Cerebral blood ow disturbances and
hypertension
Contraindication: Incomplete hemostasis following
intracranial hemorrhage; acute cerebral apoplexy,
elevated intracranial pressure.
Adverse effect: Infrequently, anorexia, nausea, vomiting;
ushing; palpitation; headache. Rarely, granulocytopenia,
dry mouth, constipation, diarrhea, peripheral edema, and
rash
Dosage: Cerebral blood ow disturbances: 20 mg TID;
essential hypertension 10-20 mg tid; short-term therapy
of hypertension or of unusual hypertension during
surgery: 2-10 mcg/kg/min.
Supply: Tab 20 mg; Inj 1 mg/ml/amp.
Nimodipine-Nimotop(INIMO)(
) (ONIMO)(
)[C]
Indication: Nimodipine is a calcium channel antagonist
for the improvement of neurological decits due to
cerebral artery spasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Therapy should commence within 96 hours of the
subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Place in therapy: Nimodipine differs from the currently
used calcium channel blockers in its cerebrovascular
selectivity. Nimodipine is effective in improving outcomes
due to cerebral artery spasm and subsequent neurologic
decits in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
and ruptured cerebral aneurysms, but not necessarily
improving the mortality.
Contraindication: Patients with hypersensitivity to
nimodipine and patients with cardiovascular surgery.
Intravenous doses of nimodipine greater than 1 mcg/kg/min
(0.06 mg/kg/hr) may cause signicant decreases in blood
pressure and should be used with caution.
Adverse effect: Primary side effects are GI disturbance
(diarrhea, nausea, and abdominal cramps). Reduction in
blood pressure may also occur.
Dosage: For subarachnoid hemorrhage, initial rate of 1
mg/hr for 2 hours, then 1-3 mg/hr (24-72 mg daily) for 1-2
weeks has been used. For oral use, 20-90 mg (usually 60
mg) daily has been used. Dosage should reduce
in patients with hepatic function impairment and renal
impairment.
Stability: Nimodipine is sensitive to light. All syringes and
catheters used for infusing should be protected from light
with a suitable covering, such as aluminum or silver foil.
Nimodipine solution can bind to polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
tubing; non-PVC infusion equipment should be used.
Supply: Inj 0.02% 50 ml/bot; Tab 30 mg
Lercanidipine-Zanidip(OLERC)
Contraindication: Known sensitivity to dihydropyridines.
Adverse effect: Flushing, peripheral edema, palpitation,
headache, dizziness.
Dosage: 10 mg once daily. May increase to 20 mg
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Flunarizine-Sibelium (OSIBE) Fluzine (OFLUZ)
Indication: Migraine, prophylaxis and treatment of
vertigo and peripheral vascular disease.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitive to unarizine.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, headache, insomnia, nausea,
dry mouth.
Dosage: Migraine, headache prophylaxis and peripheral
vascular disease: PO 10mg daily as a single dose.
Vertigo: PO 20mg TID.
Supply: Cap 5 mg (Sibelium); Tab 5 mg (Fluzine)
24:28.92 Calcium-Channel Blocking Agents,
Miscellaneous
Diltiazem HCI-Herbesser (OHERB)(IHERB)
Cardizem (OCAR1)
Indication: Treatment of coronary artery spasm, angina

110 - - 111 - -
pectoris, essential hypertension, supraventricular
arrhythmia.
Adverse effect: A-V nodal block, hypotension,
headache, and GI disturbance.
Dosage: 30-50 mg TID, maximum dose: 360 mg/day in
3-4 doses; 120-180 mg PO QD with sustain-release tab;
IV 10 mg as single dose over a period of 3 mins.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Herbesser), and 180 mg (prolonged
release) (Cardizem); Inj 50 mg/amp (Herbesser)
Verapamil HCI-Isoptin (IISOP)(
)
Verelan (OVERE)
Indication: Control of supraventricular arrhythmia,

angina pectoris, chronic coronary insufciency,
hypertension.
Contraindication: Hypotension, associated with cardiac
shock, patients in digitalis intoxication, marked bradycardia,
partial of complete A-V block, acute myocardial infarction,
concomitant use with
-blockers and cardiac depressants.

Adverse effect: Severe hypotension, bradycardia,
constipation, ushing, bronchospasm.
Administration: PO: 40-120 mg TID AC, maximal dose
480 mg /day; IV infusion: 75-150 mcg/kg in normal saline
or dextrose solution at a rate of 5-10 mg/hr.
Stability: NS or D5W with verapamil HCl 40 mg/L or 160
mg/L is physically compatible and chemically stable for
48 hours at 25
.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/2ml/amp (Isoptin); Cap 120 mg (Verelan)
24:32 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors
24:32.04 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril-Capoten(OCAPO)
C/D
Indication: Captopril is indicated for initial therapy in

patients with all degrees of hypertension and is effective
alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. It
also can be used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy in
patients with Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
with retinopathy, congestive heart failure, myocardial
infarction to reduce the risk of death and prevent
development of congestive heart failure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to captopril other
ACEIs, history of angioedema, bilateral renal artery
stenosis
Adverse effect: Skin rash, pruritus, taste disturbance,
proteinuria (renal disease history); serum potassium
concentration may be raised.
Dosage: Adults: Usual dose: 25-150 mg TID, 1 hour AC;
maximum dose: 450 mg/day. Children: Usual dose: 1
mg/kg/day, maximum dose: 6 mg/kg/day.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Enalapril maleate-Renitec (OREN5)(OREN2)
Fonitec(OFONI)
C/D
Indication: Enalapril is an angiotensin converting

enzyme inhibitor. It has been used in hypertension,
chronic heart failure. Theoretically, enalapril has
advantages over captopril with respect to increase potency,
longer duration of action, and possibly a reduction in side
effects due to a lack of sulfhydryl moeity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to enalapril or
enalaprilat and history of angioedema induced by other
ACE inhibitors.
Adverse effect: The most frequent adverse effects are
headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Other adverse effects
include diarrhea, rash, hypotension, cough, nausea, and
orthostasis.
Dosage: Hypertension: 5 mg QD, blood pressure control:
10-40 mg daily; the dosage should be adjusted in
patients with renal failure; maximum dose: 40 mg/day
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Renitec), 20 mg (Renitec, Fonitec)
Ramipril-Ramitace (ORAMI)
C/D
Indication: Hypertension, CHF. Treatment of patients

who within the 1st few days after an acute MI, have
110 - - 111 - -
pectoris, essential hypertension, supraventricular
arrhythmia.
Adverse effect: A-V nodal block, hypotension,
headache, and GI disturbance.
Dosage: 30-50 mg TID, maximum dose: 360 mg/day in
3-4 doses; 120-180 mg PO QD with sustain-release tab;
IV 10 mg as single dose over a period of 3 mins.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Herbesser), and 180 mg (prolonged
release) (Cardizem); Inj 50 mg/amp (Herbesser)
Verapamil HCI-Isoptin (IISOP)(
)
Verelan (OVERE)
Indication: Control of supraventricular arrhythmia,

angina pectoris, chronic coronary insufciency,
hypertension.
Contraindication: Hypotension, associated with cardiac
shock, patients in digitalis intoxication, marked bradycardia,
partial of complete A-V block, acute myocardial infarction,
concomitant use with
-blockers and cardiac depressants.

Adverse effect: Severe hypotension, bradycardia,
constipation, ushing, bronchospasm.
Administration: PO: 40-120 mg TID AC, maximal dose
480 mg /day; IV infusion: 75-150 mcg/kg in normal saline
or dextrose solution at a rate of 5-10 mg/hr.
Stability: NS or D5W with verapamil HCl 40 mg/L or 160
mg/L is physically compatible and chemically stable for
48 hours at 25
.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/2ml/amp (Isoptin); Cap 120 mg (Verelan)
24:32 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors
24:32.04 Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors
Captopril-Capoten(OCAPO)
C/D
Indication: Captopril is indicated for initial therapy in

patients with all degrees of hypertension and is effective
alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. It
also can be used for treatment of diabetic nephropathy in
patients with Type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
with retinopathy, congestive heart failure, myocardial
infarction to reduce the risk of death and prevent
development of congestive heart failure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to captopril other
ACEIs, history of angioedema, bilateral renal artery
stenosis
Adverse effect: Skin rash, pruritus, taste disturbance,
proteinuria (renal disease history); serum potassium
concentration may be raised.
Dosage: Adults: Usual dose: 25-150 mg TID, 1 hour AC;
maximum dose: 450 mg/day. Children: Usual dose: 1
mg/kg/day, maximum dose: 6 mg/kg/day.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Enalapril maleate-Renitec (OREN5)(OREN2)
Fonitec(OFONI)
C/D
Indication: Enalapril is an angiotensin converting

enzyme inhibitor. It has been used in hypertension,
chronic heart failure. Theoretically, enalapril has
advantages over captopril with respect to increase potency,
longer duration of action, and possibly a reduction in side
effects due to a lack of sulfhydryl moeity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to enalapril or
enalaprilat and history of angioedema induced by other
ACE inhibitors.
Adverse effect: The most frequent adverse effects are
headache, dizziness, and fatigue. Other adverse effects
include diarrhea, rash, hypotension, cough, nausea, and
orthostasis.
Dosage: Hypertension: 5 mg QD, blood pressure control:
10-40 mg daily; the dosage should be adjusted in
patients with renal failure; maximum dose: 40 mg/day
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Renitec), 20 mg (Renitec, Fonitec)
Ramipril-Ramitace (ORAMI)
C/D
Indication: Hypertension, CHF. Treatment of patients

who within the 1st few days after an acute MI, have
112 - - 113 - -
demonstrated clinical signs of CHF. Preventions of MI,
stroke or CV death & reduction of need for revascularization
procedures in patients with an increased CV risk such as
manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history
of MI), a history of stroke, or a history of peripheral vascular
disease.
Prevention of MI, stroke or CV death in diabetic patients.
Contraindication: Hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Pregnancy; lactation.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness & heasache, dry cough.
Hypersensitivity reactions including pruritus, rash & fever.
Dosage: 2.5-5 mg daily.
Supply: Cap 2.5 mg
Fosinopril sodium-Monopril (OMONO)
C/D
Indication: Hypertension, and as adjunctive

management of congestive heart failure, improving
survival following acute myocardial infarction, and
reducing proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Place in therapy: ACE inhibitors may be preferred initial
agents in patients with heart failure complicating
hypertension, or diabetic renal disease with proteinuria.
The major clinically relevant differences of fosinopril
among ACE inhibitors are the duration of hypotensive
effect and route of elimination.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the drug or any
other ACE inhibitor; history of angioedema; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Headache; a dry, non-productive cough;
dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and sexual
dysfunction; hypotension in volume/salt depleted patients;
Transient increases in serum potassium to 10% above
normal upper limits occur in up to 2.6% of patients
treated with fosinopril.
Dosage: Adults: PO 5-40 mg QD, in patients of
end-stage renal disease, start at PO 7.5 mg QD.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Lisinopril dihydrate-Zestril(OZEST)
Noprisil(ONOPR)
Indication: Lisinopril is effective in reducing blood

pressure in patients with essential or renovascular
hypertension, and is indicated as adjunctive therapy in
patients with congestive heart failure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, history of
angioedema induced by other ACE inhibitors and
pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Blood dyscrasias, hypotension, headache,
fatigue, insomnia, hyperkalemia, nausea, diarrhea, taste
disturbances, renal dysfunction, dry cough.
Dosage: 5-10 mg daily; max. 80 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Perindopril-Acertil (ACER)
Indication: Perindopril is a long-acting angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitor. It is approved for treatment
of mild to moderate hypertension.
Contraindication: Angioedema induced by other ACE
inhibitors, hypersensitivity to this or any other ACE
inhibitor, pregnancy
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, and dizziness (as
reasons for discontinuation), nausea, epigastric pain,
taste disturbances, skin rash, sexual dysfunction, and
proteinuria; deterioration of renal function may occur in
patients with chronic renal insufciency.
Dosage: Mild-to-moderate hypertension: 4-8 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Perindopril is a prodrug and is
hydrolyzed in the liver and possibly other sites to its
active metabolite, perindoprilat, following oral
administration. Approximately 75% of an oral dose of
perindopril is recovered in the urine, with up to 10% and
20% appearing as perindopril and perindoprilat,
respectively; the elimination half-life of perindopril is 1.5
to 3 hours.
Supply: Tab 4 mg
112 - - 113 - -
demonstrated clinical signs of CHF. Preventions of MI,
stroke or CV death & reduction of need for revascularization
procedures in patients with an increased CV risk such as
manifest coronary heart disease (with or without a history
of MI), a history of stroke, or a history of peripheral vascular
disease.
Prevention of MI, stroke or CV death in diabetic patients.
Contraindication: Hereditary angioneurotic edema.
Pregnancy; lactation.
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness & heasache, dry cough.
Hypersensitivity reactions including pruritus, rash & fever.
Supply: Cap 2.5 mg
Fosinopril sodium-Monopril (OMONO)
C/D
Indication: Hypertension, and as adjunctive

management of congestive heart failure, improving
survival following acute myocardial infarction, and
reducing proteinuria in patients with diabetic nephropathy.
Place in therapy: ACE inhibitors may be preferred initial
agents in patients with heart failure complicating
hypertension, or diabetic renal disease with proteinuria.
The major clinically relevant differences of fosinopril
among ACE inhibitors are the duration of hypotensive
effect and route of elimination.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the drug or any
other ACE inhibitor; history of angioedema; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Headache; a dry, non-productive cough;
dizziness, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea/vomiting, and sexual
dysfunction; hypotension in volume/salt depleted patients;
Transient increases in serum potassium to 10% above
normal upper limits occur in up to 2.6% of patients
treated with fosinopril.
Dosage: Adults: PO 5-40 mg QD, in patients of
end-stage renal disease, start at PO 7.5 mg QD.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Lisinopril dihydrate-Zestril(OZEST)
Noprisil(ONOPR)
Indication: Lisinopril is effective in reducing blood

pressure in patients with essential or renovascular
hypertension, and is indicated as adjunctive therapy in
patients with congestive heart failure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, history of
angioedema induced by other ACE inhibitors and
pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Blood dyscrasias, hypotension, headache,
fatigue, insomnia, hyperkalemia, nausea, diarrhea, taste
disturbances, renal dysfunction, dry cough.
Dosage: 5-10 mg daily; max. 80 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Perindopril-Acertil (ACER)
Indication: Perindopril is a long-acting angiotensin
converting enzyme inhibitor. It is approved for treatment
of mild to moderate hypertension.
Contraindication: Angioedema induced by other ACE
inhibitors, hypersensitivity to this or any other ACE
inhibitor, pregnancy
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, and dizziness (as
reasons for discontinuation), nausea, epigastric pain,
taste disturbances, skin rash, sexual dysfunction, and
proteinuria; deterioration of renal function may occur in
patients with chronic renal insufciency.
Dosage: Mild-to-moderate hypertension: 4-8 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Perindopril is a prodrug and is
hydrolyzed in the liver and possibly other sites to its
active metabolite, perindoprilat, following oral
administration. Approximately 75% of an oral dose of
perindopril is recovered in the urine, with up to 10% and
20% appearing as perindopril and perindoprilat,
respectively; the elimination half-life of perindopril is 1.5
to 3 hours.
Supply: Tab 4 mg
114 - - 115 - -
Perindopril/indapamide-Acertil Plus (OACERP)
Contraindication: Previous history of Quinckes edema,
severe renal failure, serious liver disorder, hypokalaemia,
pregnancy, and lactation.
Adverse effect: Tiredness, dizziness, headache, mood
swings, sleep disturbances, cramps, hypotension,
allergic reactions, skin rashes, GI disorders, dry cough,
dry mouth, increased risk of dehydration in the elderly &
in patients suffering from heart failure.
Dosage: 1 tab daily
Supply: Tab perindopril 4 mg/indapamide 1.25 mg
Imidapril-Tanatril(OTANA)
Contraindication: History of angioedema due to an ACE
inhibitor, patients who undergo LDL apheresis using
dextran cellulose sulfate or hemodialysis with acrylonitrile
methallyl sulfonate Na membrane. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Cough, dizziness, hypotension,
headache, pharynx discomfort, rash. Rarely angioedema,
thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure. Pancytopenia,
pancreatitis.
Dosage: 5-10 mg once daily.
Supply: Tab 5 mg.
24:32.08 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Candesartan - Blopress (OBLOP)
C1
st
trimester,
D 2
nd
and 3
rd
trimester
Contraindication: Severe hepatic impairment, cholestasis.
Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, upper respiratory tract
infection, back pain, dizziness, pharyngitis, rhinitis.
Dosage: 8 mg once daily. May increase to 16 mg once
daily.
Supply: Tab 8 mg
Irbesartan - Aprovel (OAPRO)
C 1
st
trimester
D 2
nd
and 3
rd
trimester
Indication: Treatment of essential hypertension.

Treatment of renal disease in patients with hypertension
& type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive
drug regimen.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: respiratory infection, headache,
musculoskeletal pain, trauma, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhoes.
Dosage: 150 mg once daily
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide-Coaprovel(OCOAP)
Indication: Treatment of essential hypertension in
patients whos BP is inadequately controlled on
irbessrtan or hydrochlorothiazide alone.
Contraindication: 2nd & 3rd trimester of pregnancy,
lactation. Severe renal & hepatic impairment, refractory
hypokalemia, hypercalcaemia, biliary cirrhosis &
cholestasis.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, abnormal urination.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily
Supply: Tab irbesartan 150 mg /hydrochlorothiazide 12.5
mg
Valsartan-Diovan (ODIOV)
C/D
Indication: Valsartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II

receptor antagonist. It may be used alone or in
treating essential hypertension and effective in the
patients with stable renal insufciency.
Place in therapy: Valsartan may be a valuable
alternative for hypertensive patients unresponsive to or
intolerant of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)
inhibitors, particularly those patients with headache,
cough, or excessive hypotension.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to valsartan or other
114 - - 115 - -
Perindopril/indapamide-Acertil Plus (OACERP)
Contraindication: Previous history of Quinckes edema,
severe renal failure, serious liver disorder, hypokalaemia,
pregnancy, and lactation.
Adverse effect: Tiredness, dizziness, headache, mood
swings, sleep disturbances, cramps, hypotension,
allergic reactions, skin rashes, GI disorders, dry cough,
dry mouth, increased risk of dehydration in the elderly &
in patients suffering from heart failure.
Dosage: 1 tab daily
Supply: Tab perindopril 4 mg/indapamide 1.25 mg
Imidapril-Tanatril(OTANA)
Contraindication: History of angioedema due to an ACE
inhibitor, patients who undergo LDL apheresis using
dextran cellulose sulfate or hemodialysis with acrylonitrile
methallyl sulfonate Na membrane. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Cough, dizziness, hypotension,
headache, pharynx discomfort, rash. Rarely angioedema,
thrombocytopenia, acute renal failure. Pancytopenia,
pancreatitis.
Dosage: 5-10 mg once daily.
Supply: Tab 5 mg.
24:32.08 Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists
Candesartan - Blopress (OBLOP)
C1
st
trimester,
D 2
nd
and 3
rd
trimester
Contraindication: Severe hepatic impairment, cholestasis.
Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, upper respiratory tract
infection, back pain, dizziness, pharyngitis, rhinitis.
Dosage: 8 mg once daily. May increase to 16 mg once
daily.
Supply: Tab 8 mg
Irbesartan - Aprovel (OAPRO)
C 1
st
trimester
D 2
nd
and 3
rd
trimester
Indication: Treatment of essential hypertension.

Treatment of renal disease in patients with hypertension
& type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of an antihypertensive
drug regimen.
Adverse effect: respiratory infection, headache,
musculoskeletal pain, trauma, dizziness, fatigue, diarrhoes.
Dosage: 150 mg once daily
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Irbesartan/hydrochlorothiazide-Coaprovel(OCOAP)
patients whos BP is inadequately controlled on
irbessrtan or hydrochlorothiazide alone.
Contraindication: 2nd & 3rd trimester of pregnancy,
lactation. Severe renal & hepatic impairment, refractory
hypokalemia, hypercalcaemia, biliary cirrhosis &
cholestasis.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, nausea,
vomiting, abnormal urination.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily
Supply: Tab irbesartan 150 mg /hydrochlorothiazide 12.5
mg
Valsartan-Diovan (ODIOV)
C/D
Indication: Valsartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II

receptor antagonist. It may be used alone or in
treating essential hypertension and effective in the
patients with stable renal insufciency.
Place in therapy: Valsartan may be a valuable
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to valsartan or other
116 - - 117 - -
angiotensin receptor antagonists
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effects
reported are headache, dizziness, viral infection, upper
respiratory tract infection, cough, diarrhea, drowsiness,
rhinitis, sinusitis, backache, stomachache, nausea,
pharyngitis and joint pain.
Pharmacokinetics: It has a half-life of approximately 9
hours and excreted primarily as unchanged drug in the
urine (13%) and feces (83%).
Supply: Tab 80 mg
Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Co-Diovan (OCODI)
Contraindication: Severe hepatic impairment, biliary
cirrhosis & cholestasis. Anuria, severe renal impairment.
Refractory hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia &
symptomatic hyperuricemia. Pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, back pain,
diarrhea, viral infection, chest pain, nausea, rhinitis,
dyspepsia, UTI, abdominal pain, micturition frequency,
bronchitis, dyspnea, leg pain, sprains, abnormal vision,
leg cramps, impotence, insomnia, rash.
Dosage: 1 tab daily.
Supply: Tab valsartan 80 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg
Losartan-Cozaar(OCZA)
Indication: Losartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II
receptor antagonist. Losartan is approved for use as
monotherapy or combination therapy with a diuretic in
mild to moderate hypertension.
Place in therapy: Losartan may be a valuable
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to losartan or other
angiotensin receptor antagonists.
Adverse effect: From clinical trials, the side effects with
losartan are similar to that for placebo. Headache, upper
respiratory infection, dizziness, cough were most common.
Dosage: Adults: 25-100 mg PO QD-BID
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is metabolized to an active
metabolite, which accounts for the long duration of
antihypertensive effects (up to 24 hours). The elimination
half-life of losartan is about 2 hours, whereas a half-life of
4 to 5 hours has been reported for its metabolite E-3174.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide-Hyzaar (OHYZA)
Indication: Treatment of hypertension in patients
suitable in whom combination therapy is appropriate.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to other
sulfonamide-derived drugs. Patients with anuria,
intravascular vol depletion, severe renal impairment, and
hepatic impairment
Adverse effect: Dizziness. Rarely, angioedema,
hepatitis, diarrhoea.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily. May be increased to 2 tab
once daily.
Supply: Tab losartan 50 mg/ hydrochlorothizide 12.5 mg
Telmisartan-Micardis(OMICA)
C/D
Indication: Management of hypertension

Pharmacology: Telmisartan is a specic angiotensin II
receptor (type AT1) antagonist.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 1-2 hours; duration:
up to 24 hours; protein binding: >99.5%; metabolism:
hepatic via conjugation to inactive metabolites; not
metabolized via CYP; bioavailability (dose dependent):
42% to 58%; elimination half-life: 24hr
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to telmisartan or to
any component of the product, bilateral renal artery
stenosis, pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters)
Adverse effect: Hypotension, anemia, dizziness,
116 - - 117 - -
angiotensin receptor antagonists
Adverse effect: The most common adverse effects
reported are headache, dizziness, viral infection, upper
respiratory tract infection, cough, diarrhea, drowsiness,
rhinitis, sinusitis, backache, stomachache, nausea,
pharyngitis and joint pain.
Pharmacokinetics: It has a half-life of approximately 9
hours and excreted primarily as unchanged drug in the
urine (13%) and feces (83%).
Supply: Tab 80 mg
Valsartan/Hydrochlorothiazide Co-Diovan (OCODI)
Contraindication: Severe hepatic impairment, biliary
cirrhosis & cholestasis. Anuria, severe renal impairment.
Refractory hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypercalcemia &
symptomatic hyperuricemia. Pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, sinusitis,
pharyngitis, upper respiratory tract infection, back pain,
diarrhea, viral infection, chest pain, nausea, rhinitis,
dyspepsia, UTI, abdominal pain, micturition frequency,
bronchitis, dyspnea, leg pain, sprains, abnormal vision,
leg cramps, impotence, insomnia, rash.
Supply: Tab valsartan 80 mg/hydrochlorothiazide 12.5 mg
Losartan-Cozaar(OCZA)
Indication: Losartan is a nonpeptide angiotensin II
receptor antagonist. Losartan is approved for use as
monotherapy or combination therapy with a diuretic in
mild to moderate hypertension.
Place in therapy: Losartan may be a valuable
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to losartan or other
angiotensin receptor antagonists.
Adverse effect: From clinical trials, the side effects with
losartan are similar to that for placebo. Headache, upper
respiratory infection, dizziness, cough were most common.
Dosage: Adults: 25-100 mg PO QD-BID
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is metabolized to an active
metabolite, which accounts for the long duration of
antihypertensive effects (up to 24 hours). The elimination
half-life of losartan is about 2 hours, whereas a half-life of
4 to 5 hours has been reported for its metabolite E-3174.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide-Hyzaar (OHYZA)
Indication: Treatment of hypertension in patients
suitable in whom combination therapy is appropriate.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to other
sulfonamide-derived drugs. Patients with anuria,
intravascular vol depletion, severe renal impairment, and
hepatic impairment
Adverse effect: Dizziness. Rarely, angioedema,
hepatitis, diarrhoea.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily. May be increased to 2 tab
once daily.
Supply: Tab losartan 50 mg/ hydrochlorothizide 12.5 mg
Telmisartan-Micardis(OMICA)
C/D
Indication: Management of hypertension

Pharmacology: Telmisartan is a specic angiotensin II
receptor (type AT1) antagonist.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 1-2 hours; duration:
up to 24 hours; protein binding: >99.5%; metabolism:
hepatic via conjugation to inactive metabolites; not
metabolized via CYP; bioavailability (dose dependent):
42% to 58%; elimination half-life: 24hr
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to telmisartan or to
any component of the product, bilateral renal artery
stenosis, pregnancy (2nd and 3rd trimesters)
Adverse effect: Hypotension, anemia, dizziness,
118 - - 119 - -
headache, fatigue, cough, upper respiratory infection,
angioedema.
Dosage: Initial, 40 mg ORALLY once daily; usual
maintenance dose range: 20-80 mg/day. Patients with
volume depletion should be initiated on the lower dosage
with close supervision. May take with or without food
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide-
Micardis Plus(OMICAP)
C/D

patients whose BP is not adequately controlled on
telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide
Contraindication: cholestasis, biliary obstructive
disorders, severe hepatic impairment, severe renal
impairment (CrCl <30 ml/min), refractory hypokalaemia,
hypercalcaemia. Pregnancy (2nd & 3rd trimesters) &
lactation.
Adverse effect: respiratory disorders, UTI, blood
dyscrasias, precipitation of gout or latent diabets,
electrolyte & uid imbalance, metabolic & nutritional
disorders, dizziness, vertigo, psychiatric & nervous
system disorders, visual disturbances, CV & GI disorders,
jaundice, renal disorders, arthralgia, myalgia, skin &
allergic reactions.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily. MAX: 160 mg/12.5-25 mg daily
Supply: Tab Telmisartan 40 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide
12.5 mg
Olmesartan-Olmetec(OOLME)
C/D
Indication: Treatment of hypertension

Contraindication: Renal artery stenosis, lactation.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, back pain, bronchitis, CPK
increased, diarrhea, headache, hematuria, hyperglycemia,
hypertiglyceridemia, u-like syndrome,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and cough. Symptomatic
hypotension may occur, particularly in vol- &
salt-depleted patients.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
24:32.20 Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor
Antagonists
Spironolactone-Aldactone (OALDA)
Indication: Hypertension, edema due to congestive

heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.
Contraindication: Anuria, acute renal insufciency,
hyperkalemia.
Adverse effect: Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
dehydration, GI syndrome, cramping, ataxia, skin rash,
headache, and drowsiness.
Dosage: Adults: 25-200 mg/day, divided into 2-4 doses.
Children: 3.3 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 25 mg
28:00 Central Nervous System Agents
28:04 General Anesthetics
28:04.04 Barbiturates
Thiopental sodium Pentothal (IPENT)(
Indication: Anaesth for brief surgical procedures,

induction of anaesth prior to administration of other anaesth
agents, control of convulsive states, supplement
to regional anaesth or low potency agents, aid in
diagnosis & treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Place in therapy: Thiopental is an ultra-short-acting
intravenous (IV) anesthetic which produces loss of
consciousness within 30 to 60 seconds following IV
administration. Since the duration of action is short, it is
not utilized as the sole anesthetic for surgical procedures
lasting longer than 15 minutes. Concomitant narcotics,
analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents may be
required.
118 - - 119 - -
headache, fatigue, cough, upper respiratory infection,
angioedema.
Dosage: Initial, 40 mg ORALLY once daily; usual
maintenance dose range: 20-80 mg/day. Patients with
volume depletion should be initiated on the lower dosage
with close supervision. May take with or without food
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Telmisartan/Hydrochlorothiazide-
Micardis Plus(OMICAP)
C/D

patients whose BP is not adequately controlled on
telmisartan or hydrochlorothiazide
Contraindication: cholestasis, biliary obstructive
disorders, severe hepatic impairment, severe renal
impairment (CrCl <30 ml/min), refractory hypokalaemia,
hypercalcaemia. Pregnancy (2nd & 3rd trimesters) &
lactation.
Adverse effect: respiratory disorders, UTI, blood
dyscrasias, precipitation of gout or latent diabets,
electrolyte & uid imbalance, metabolic & nutritional
disorders, dizziness, vertigo, psychiatric & nervous
system disorders, visual disturbances, CV & GI disorders,
jaundice, renal disorders, arthralgia, myalgia, skin &
allergic reactions.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily. MAX: 160 mg/12.5-25 mg daily
Supply: Tab Telmisartan 40 mg/ hydrochlorothiazide
12.5 mg
Olmesartan-Olmetec(OOLME)
C/D
Indication: Treatment of hypertension

Contraindication: Renal artery stenosis, lactation.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, back pain, bronchitis, CPK
increased, diarrhea, headache, hematuria, hyperglycemia,
hypertiglyceridemia, u-like syndrome,
pharyngitis, rhinitis, sinusitis, and cough. Symptomatic
hypotension may occur, particularly in vol- &
salt-depleted patients.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
24:32.20 Mineralocorticoid (Aldosterone) Receptor
Antagonists
Spironolactone-Aldactone (OALDA)

heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, or nephrotic syndrome.
Contraindication: Anuria, acute renal insufciency,
hyperkalemia.
Adverse effect: Hyperkalemia, hyponatremia,
dehydration, GI syndrome, cramping, ataxia, skin rash,
headache, and drowsiness.
Dosage: Adults: 25-200 mg/day, divided into 2-4 doses.
Children: 3.3 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 25 mg
28:00 Central Nervous System Agents
28:04 General Anesthetics
Thiopental sodium Pentothal (IPENT)(
Indication: Anaesth for brief surgical procedures,

induction of anaesth prior to administration of other anaesth
agents, control of convulsive states, supplement
to regional anaesth or low potency agents, aid in
diagnosis & treatment of psychiatric disorders.
Place in therapy: Thiopental is an ultra-short-acting
intravenous (IV) anesthetic which produces loss of
consciousness within 30 to 60 seconds following IV
administration. Since the duration of action is short, it is
not utilized as the sole anesthetic for surgical procedures
lasting longer than 15 minutes. Concomitant narcotics,
analgesics, and neuromuscular blocking agents may be
required.
120 - - 121 - -
Contraindication: Absence of suitable veins; status
asthmaticus; porphyria.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness; tolerance, dependence,
withdrawal effects including seizures.
Dosage: Induction of anesthesia & induce hypnosis:
adulttest dose 25-78 mg, then 50-75 mg at 20-40 sec
intervals IV; children IV 3-5 mg/kg initially, followed by 1
mg/kg if needed. Convulsions: adult IV 75-125 mg.
Narcoanalysis: IV 100 mg/min until confusion occurs.
28:04.92 General Anesthetics, Miscellaneous
Etomidate-Etomidate Lipuro(IETOM)(
)
Indication: Induction of anaesth.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to etomidate or fat
emulsions.
Adverse effect: Nausea & vomiting, shivering, coughing,
tracsient apnoea, laryngospasm.
Dosage: Slow IV 0.3 mg/kg
Supply: Inj 20 mg/10ml /amp
Propofol-Recofol (IPROP) Propofol-Lipuro (IPROPO)
Indication: Inducing and/or maintaining general

anesthesia, either in combination with other anesthetics
or as the sole hypnotic agent.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to propofol or its
inactive ingredients: soy bean oil and egg
Adverse effect: Pain on injection, apnea, dose-related
hypotension, headache, dizziness, twiching, bucking,
jerking, throshing, seizure, heart block, temporary
reduction in serum cortisol, porphyria, urine discoloration
(green urine).
Dosage: For anesthesia: Initial: 2-2.5mg/kg anesthesia,
maintenance: 9-12 mg/kg/hr; monitored anesthesia care
(conscious sedation): infusion 6-9 mg/kg/hr, with
maintenance rates of 0.3-3 mg/kg/hr or higher may be
required for ICU sedation
Ketamine HCI-Ketalar (IKETA)
Indication: Sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and

surgical procedures, best suited for short procedures.
Induction of anesthesia; to supplement low potency
agents (e.g. N2O).
Contraindication: Hypertension, eclampsia or
preeclampsia, glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects associated with
ketamine include emergence phenomena (vivid dreams,
hallucinations, delirium), cardiovascular stimulation
(tachycardia, hypertension), hypersalivation, elevation of
intracranial and intraocular pressures, nausea, vomiting,
skeletal muscle hyperactivity, nystagmus, and skin rash;
respiratory depression is observed. Following rapid IV of
high doses.
Dosage and administration: Surgical anesthesia: IV
2mg/ kg, I M 9-13 mg/ kg. I nduct i on anest hesi a: I V
1.0-4.5mg/kg, or IM 6.5-13mg/kg; administered slowly
(over a period of 60 seconds)
Barbiturates and ketalar being chemically incompatible
because of precipitate formation, should not be injected
from the same syringe.
Supply: Inj 50mg/ml, 10 ml/vial
Sevourane-Ultane(ISEVO) (
Indication: Sevourane is an inhalational anesthetic.

Place in therapy: Sevourane produces smooth and
rapid induction of anesthesia, and is preferable to
desurane or isourane for this purpose due to its lack of
pungency.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sevourane or
other halogenated anesthetic agents; known or suspected
susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of sevoflurane are
dose-related cardiovascular, respiratory depression,
excitatory movements on induction, and postoperative
120 - - 121 - -
Contraindication: Absence of suitable veins; status
asthmaticus; porphyria.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness; tolerance, dependence,
withdrawal effects including seizures.
Dosage: Induction of anesthesia & induce hypnosis:
adulttest dose 25-78 mg, then 50-75 mg at 20-40 sec
intervals IV; children IV 3-5 mg/kg initially, followed by 1
mg/kg if needed. Convulsions: adult IV 75-125 mg.
Narcoanalysis: IV 100 mg/min until confusion occurs.
28:04.92 General Anesthetics, Miscellaneous
Etomidate-Etomidate Lipuro(IETOM)(
)
Indication: Induction of anaesth.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to etomidate or fat
emulsions.
Adverse effect: Nausea & vomiting, shivering, coughing,
tracsient apnoea, laryngospasm.
Dosage: Slow IV 0.3 mg/kg
Supply: Inj 20 mg/10ml /amp
Propofol-Recofol (IPROP) Propofol-Lipuro (IPROPO)
Indication: Inducing and/or maintaining general

anesthesia, either in combination with other anesthetics
or as the sole hypnotic agent.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to propofol or its
inactive ingredients: soy bean oil and egg
Adverse effect: Pain on injection, apnea, dose-related
hypotension, headache, dizziness, twiching, bucking,
jerking, throshing, seizure, heart block, temporary
reduction in serum cortisol, porphyria, urine discoloration
(green urine).
Dosage: For anesthesia: Initial: 2-2.5mg/kg anesthesia,
maintenance: 9-12 mg/kg/hr; monitored anesthesia care
(conscious sedation): infusion 6-9 mg/kg/hr, with
maintenance rates of 0.3-3 mg/kg/hr or higher may be
required for ICU sedation
Ketamine HCI-Ketalar (IKETA)
Indication: Sole anesthetic agent for diagnostic and

surgical procedures, best suited for short procedures.
Induction of anesthesia; to supplement low potency
agents (e.g. N2O).
Contraindication: Hypertension, eclampsia or
preeclampsia, glaucoma.
ketamine include emergence phenomena (vivid dreams,
hallucinations, delirium), cardiovascular stimulation
(tachycardia, hypertension), hypersalivation, elevation of
intracranial and intraocular pressures, nausea, vomiting,
skeletal muscle hyperactivity, nystagmus, and skin rash;
respiratory depression is observed. Following rapid IV of
high doses.
Dosage and administration: Surgical anesthesia: IV
2mg/ kg, I M 9-13 mg/ kg. I nduct i on anest hesi a: I V
1.0-4.5mg/kg, or IM 6.5-13mg/kg; administered slowly
(over a period of 60 seconds)
Barbiturates and ketalar being chemically incompatible
because of precipitate formation, should not be injected
from the same syringe.
Supply: Inj 50mg/ml, 10 ml/vial
Sevourane-Ultane(ISEVO) (
Indication: Sevourane is an inhalational anesthetic.

Place in therapy: Sevourane produces smooth and
rapid induction of anesthesia, and is preferable to
desurane or isourane for this purpose due to its lack of
pungency.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sevourane or
other halogenated anesthetic agents; known or suspected
susceptibility to malignant hyperthermia
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of sevoflurane are
dose-related cardiovascular, respiratory depression,
excitatory movements on induction, and postoperative
122 - - 123 - -
nausea and vomiting; nephrotoxicity has not been
reported despite relatively high serum concentrations of
inorganic uoride. Seizures and malignant hyperthermia
have been attributed to sevourane anesthesia.
Dosage: Adults anesthesia induction: 1.8%-5% in nitrous
oxide/oxygen; anesthesia maintenance: 0.5%-3%.
Children: 0.5%-3% for surgical levels of anesthesia with
or without concomitant nitrous oxide
Pharmacokinetics: Sevourane has a low blood/gas
partition coefcient, which is predictive of rapid
anesthesia induction and recovery. It is metabolized in
the liver to inorganic uoride, hexauoroisopropanol, and
hexauoroisopropanol glucuronide.
Stability: It should be stored at 15-30
.
Supply: Soln 250ml
Isourane-Aerrane (Forane)(IFORA)(
)
Indication: Inhalation anaesth for induction &
maintenance of general anaesth.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to isourane or other
halogenated agents, malignant hyperthermia, known or
suspected genetic susceptibility.
Adverse effect: Dose-dependent respiratory depression,
hypotension, arrhythmias; transient rise in CSF pressure;
jaundice; malignant hyperthermia. Hepatic injury. Post-op
shivering, GI upset, and ileums.
Dosage: General anesthesia: induction-1.5-3%
isourane with oxygen or oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture;
maintenance-1-2.5%with nitrous oxide, additional 0.5-1%
with oxygen alone.
Supply: Liq 100 ml
28:08 Analgesics and Antipyretics
28:08.04 Nonsteroidal Anti-inammatory Agents
28:08.04.08 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors
Celecoxib- Celebrex(OCEL2)
Indication: Celecoxib is a NSAID with selective inhibition

the enzyme, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). Celecoxib is
indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis, acute pain including primary dysmenorrhea, and
is also indicated for reducing the number of colon and
rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
Place in therapy: Some limited short-term studies in
healthy subjects suggest improved gastrointestinal
tolerability and lack of platelet effects with celecoxib.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to celecoxib; patients
with documented allergic-type reaction to sulfonamides;
urticaria, asthma, or allergic reactions to aspirin or other
nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents
Adverse effect: Common adverse effects include
dyspepsia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Although the
risk for ulcers and other serious gastrointestinal adverse
effects is lower than for other NSAIDs, product labeling
still includes warnings about the risk of ulceration,
bleeding and perforation.
Dosage: Adults: osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO QD or 100 mg
PO BID; rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID; acute
pain and primary dysmenorrhea: 400 mg initially PO,
addition 200 mg PRN
Pharmacokinetics: Celecoxib is 97% bound to plasma
protein; elimination is via the kidney (27%) and feces (57%).
The half-life is 11 hours.
Supply: Cap 200mg
Etoricoxib-Arcoxia(OARCO)
Indication: Acute & chronic treatment of the signs &
symptoms of OA & RA, acute gouty atthritis, and primary
dysmenorrhea.
Contraindication: CHF (NYHA II-IV), established
ischemic heart disease &/or cerebrovascular disease
(including those who have recently undergone coronary
artery bypass graft surgery or angioplasty)
Adverse effect: Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness, lower
122 - - 123 - -
nausea and vomiting; nephrotoxicity has not been
reported despite relatively high serum concentrations of
inorganic uoride. Seizures and malignant hyperthermia
have been attributed to sevourane anesthesia.
Dosage: Adults anesthesia induction: 1.8%-5% in nitrous
oxide/oxygen; anesthesia maintenance: 0.5%-3%.
Children: 0.5%-3% for surgical levels of anesthesia with
or without concomitant nitrous oxide
Pharmacokinetics: Sevourane has a low blood/gas
partition coefcient, which is predictive of rapid
anesthesia induction and recovery. It is metabolized in
the liver to inorganic uoride, hexauoroisopropanol, and
hexauoroisopropanol glucuronide.
Stability: It should be stored at 15-30
.
Supply: Soln 250ml
Isourane-Aerrane (Forane)(IFORA)(
)
Indication: Inhalation anaesth for induction &
maintenance of general anaesth.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to isourane or other
halogenated agents, malignant hyperthermia, known or
suspected genetic susceptibility.
Adverse effect: Dose-dependent respiratory depression,
hypotension, arrhythmias; transient rise in CSF pressure;
jaundice; malignant hyperthermia. Hepatic injury. Post-op
shivering, GI upset, and ileums.
Dosage: General anesthesia: induction-1.5-3%
isourane with oxygen or oxygen-nitrous oxide mixture;
maintenance-1-2.5%with nitrous oxide, additional 0.5-1%
with oxygen alone.
Supply: Liq 100 ml
28:08 Analgesics and Antipyretics
28:08.04 Nonsteroidal Anti-inammatory Agents
28:08.04.08 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibitors
Celecoxib- Celebrex(OCEL2)
Indication: Celecoxib is a NSAID with selective inhibition

the enzyme, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2). Celecoxib is
indicated for the treatment of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid
arthritis, acute pain including primary dysmenorrhea, and
is also indicated for reducing the number of colon and
rectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP).
Place in therapy: Some limited short-term studies in
healthy subjects suggest improved gastrointestinal
tolerability and lack of platelet effects with celecoxib.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to celecoxib; patients
with documented allergic-type reaction to sulfonamides;
urticaria, asthma, or allergic reactions to aspirin or other
nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents
dyspepsia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Although the
risk for ulcers and other serious gastrointestinal adverse
effects is lower than for other NSAIDs, product labeling
still includes warnings about the risk of ulceration,
bleeding and perforation.
Dosage: Adults: osteoarthritis: 200 mg PO QD or 100 mg
PO BID; rheumatoid arthritis: 100-200 mg PO BID; acute
pain and primary dysmenorrhea: 400 mg initially PO,
addition 200 mg PRN
Pharmacokinetics: Celecoxib is 97% bound to plasma
protein; elimination is via the kidney (27%) and feces (57%).
The half-life is 11 hours.
Supply: Cap 200mg
Etoricoxib-Arcoxia(OARCO)
Indication: Acute & chronic treatment of the signs &
symptoms of OA & RA, acute gouty atthritis, and primary
dysmenorrhea.
Contraindication: CHF (NYHA II-IV), established
ischemic heart disease &/or cerebrovascular disease
(including those who have recently undergone coronary
artery bypass graft surgery or angioplasty)
Adverse effect: Asthenia/fatigue, dizziness, lower
124 - - 125 - -
extremity edema, hypertension, dyspepsia, heartburn,
nausea, headache, increased ALT & AST levels. Also,
hypersensitivity reactions, dysgeusia, CHF, abdominal
pain, peptic ulceration & bleeding vomiting, angioedema,
pruritus, rash, urticaria, renal insufciency.
Dosage: OA 60 mg once daily; RA 90 mg once daily;
acute gout arthritis, dysemorrhea 120 mg once daily, use
only for the acute symptomatic period, max 8 days
treatment.
Supply: Tab 60 mg
28:08.04.24 Salicylates
Aspirin(Acetylsalicylic acid)-Bokey(OBOKE)
Tapal(OTAPA)
C/D
Indication: Muscular and vascular pains, headache,

dentalgia, arthritis, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis,
rheumatic fever, inammatory joints condition. Fever and
discomfort of cold, and as an anticoagulant
(anti-thrombotic action).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to salicylate, active
peptic ulceration, hemophilia, severe hepatic damage and
pregnancy women.
Adverse effect: Gastric ulceration, dyspepsia, heartburn,
hemorrhage, skin eruptions, tinnus, decreased hearing
and vertigo.
Dosage: Adults: PO for analgesia or fever: 325-1000 mg
Q4-6H, to MAX 4 gm/day; PO for prevention of TIAs or
stroke: 81-325 mg/day; PO for myocardial infarction risk
reduction: 81-325 mg/day; PO for prevention of CABG
occlusion 325 mg/day started 6 hr postoperatively and
continued for 1 yr. Children: PO as an
analgesic/antipyretic 10-15 mg/kg/dose Q4H, to a
maximum of 60-80 mg/kg/day. PO for Kawasaki disease
80-120 mg/kg/day; decrease to 10 mg/kg/day after fever
resolved.
Supply: Cap 100 mg (Bokey); Tab 100 mg (Tapal)
28:08.04.92 Other Nonsteroidal Anti-
inammatory Agents
Diclofenac Potassium-Cataam (OCATA)
Peiam(OPEIF)
Indication: An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inammatory

agent used in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders.
Contraindication: Peptic ulcer and hypersensitivity to
diclofenac.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, indigestion, nausea,
constipation, and atulence. Headache, dizziness,
vertigo, insomnia, drowsiness, agitation, depression,
irritability, and anxiety have been reported in less than 1%
Dosage: Adults: PO 100-125 mg/daily, TID or QID.
Children age 1 year or over should be given PO 0.5-3
mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses.
Supply: Tab 25mg (Cataam), 50 mg (Peiam)
Diclofenac sodium-Voren (OVOREE)
Meitifen(OMEIT) Diclofen(EVOLT)
Indication: Relief of pain & inammation in RA,
osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, low back pain,
peri-articular disorders.
diclofenac.
Adverse effect: GI disorders; headache, dizziness;
vertigo; rashes; elevated serum transamineases. Rarely,
gastric or duodenal ulcer, GI bleeding, edema, hepatitis;
hypersensitivity reactions, blood dyscrasias, and severe
skin reactions.
Dosage: Adult: initially 100-150 mg/day, milder cases or
prol onged therapy, 75-100 mg/day. Chi l dren: 0.5-3
mg/kg/day.
Supply: Cap 50 mg (Voren); Tab 75 mg (Meitifen); Supp
12.5 mg (Diclofen)
Indomethacin-Indalgin(OINDO)
B/D
Indication: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of the hip,

124 - - 125 - -
extremity edema, hypertension, dyspepsia, heartburn,
nausea, headache, increased ALT & AST levels. Also,
hypersensitivity reactions, dysgeusia, CHF, abdominal
pain, peptic ulceration & bleeding vomiting, angioedema,
pruritus, rash, urticaria, renal insufciency.
Dosage: OA 60 mg once daily; RA 90 mg once daily;
acute gout arthritis, dysemorrhea 120 mg once daily, use
only for the acute symptomatic period, max 8 days
treatment.
Supply: Tab 60 mg
28:08.04.24 Salicylates
Aspirin(Acetylsalicylic acid)-Bokey(OBOKE)
Tapal(OTAPA)
C/D
Indication: Muscular and vascular pains, headache,

dentalgia, arthritis, bursitis, rheumatoid arthritis,
rheumatic fever, inammatory joints condition. Fever and
discomfort of cold, and as an anticoagulant
(anti-thrombotic action).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to salicylate, active
peptic ulceration, hemophilia, severe hepatic damage and
pregnancy women.
Adverse effect: Gastric ulceration, dyspepsia, heartburn,
hemorrhage, skin eruptions, tinnus, decreased hearing
and vertigo.
Dosage: Adults: PO for analgesia or fever: 325-1000 mg
Q4-6H, to MAX 4 gm/day; PO for prevention of TIAs or
stroke: 81-325 mg/day; PO for myocardial infarction risk
reduction: 81-325 mg/day; PO for prevention of CABG
occlusion 325 mg/day started 6 hr postoperatively and
continued for 1 yr. Children: PO as an
analgesic/antipyretic 10-15 mg/kg/dose Q4H, to a
maximum of 60-80 mg/kg/day. PO for Kawasaki disease
80-120 mg/kg/day; decrease to 10 mg/kg/day after fever
resolved.
Supply: Cap 100 mg (Bokey); Tab 100 mg (Tapal)
28:08.04.92 Other Nonsteroidal Anti-
inammatory Agents
Diclofenac Potassium-Cataam (OCATA)
Peiam(OPEIF)
Indication: An analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inammatory

agent used in rheumatoid arthritis and related disorders.
diclofenac.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, indigestion, nausea,
constipation, and atulence. Headache, dizziness,
vertigo, insomnia, drowsiness, agitation, depression,
irritability, and anxiety have been reported in less than 1%
Dosage: Adults: PO 100-125 mg/daily, TID or QID.
Children age 1 year or over should be given PO 0.5-3
mg/kg/day in 2-3 doses.
Supply: Tab 25mg (Cataam), 50 mg (Peiam)
Diclofenac sodium-Voren (OVOREE)
Meitifen(OMEIT) Diclofen(EVOLT)
Indication: Relief of pain & inammation in RA,
osteoarthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, low back pain,
peri-articular disorders.
diclofenac.
Adverse effect: GI disorders; headache, dizziness;
vertigo; rashes; elevated serum transamineases. Rarely,
gastric or duodenal ulcer, GI bleeding, edema, hepatitis;
hypersensitivity reactions, blood dyscrasias, and severe
skin reactions.
Dosage: Adult: initially 100-150 mg/day, milder cases or
prol onged therapy, 75-100 mg/day. Chi l dren: 0.5-3
mg/kg/day.
Supply: Cap 50 mg (Voren); Tab 75 mg (Meitifen); Supp
12.5 mg (Diclofen)
Indomethacin-Indalgin(OINDO)
B/D
Indication: Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis of the hip,

126 - - 127 - -
acute gout.
Contraindication: Patient with nasal polyps or
angioedema, asthma, pregnancy women, child, peptic
disease, psychiatric disorders.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance (abdominal pain,
diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage & pancreatitis),
headache with dizziness, confusion and depression,
psychosis with hallucinations, thrombocytopenia and
aplastic anemia, coronary vasoconstriction
Dosage: 25-50 mg 2-3 times/day, Max 200 mg/day
Supply: Cap 25 mg
Ketorolac tromethamine-Keto(OKET1)(IKET3)
Killpain (IKILL)
Indication: Ketorolac is a non-steroidal

anti-inammatory agent with potent analgesic properties.
Place in therapy: The predominant effect exhibited by
ketorolac is analgesia rather than the anti-inammatory
effect exhibited by other NSAIDS. Ketorolac in equipotent
doses provides comparable analgesia to morphine,
meperidine and other narcotic analgesics in the
treatment of mild to moderate postoperative and
postpartum pain.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; allergy to aspirin or
other anti-inammatory agents; History of or active peptic
ulcer disease; Advanced renal impairment;
Labor/delivery; Nursing women; Preoperatively or
intraoperatively for analgesia; Patients receiving aspirin
or other nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents; Epidural
or intrathecal route of administration; Concurrent use
with probenecid; Suspected or conrmed
cerebrovascular bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis,
incomplete hemostasis, and patients at high risk of
bleeding; Total duration of parenteral and oral therapy
should not exceed 5 days; Oral doses greater than 40
mg/day
Adverse effect: The adverse effects are predominantly
central nervous system and gastrointestinal adverse
effects including somnolence, headache, dizziness,
paresthesias, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, and dyspepsia. The intramuscular injections
occasionally cause local pain and the ophthalmic
preparations have caused minor burning and stinging.
Dosage: Adults: The combined duration of use of
parenteral and oral ketorolac should not exceed 5 days.
For single-dose treatment, IM 30 mg or 60 mg; IV 15 mg
or 30 mg. For multiple dose treatment, IM, or IV 15 mg or
30 mg PO Q6H to a maximum daily dose of 40 mg;
Children: aged 1-18 years 1 mg/kg as a loading dose
(maximum 60 mg) followed by 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 30 mg)
Q6H for 48-72 hours;
Pharmacokinetics: The half-life is 5-6 h; hepatic
metabolism to inactive metabolites is followed by renal
excretion of 61% of a dose as unchanged drug.
Stability: Store at controlled room temperature 15 to 30
degrees C (59 to 86 degrees F) with protection from light
Supply: Tab 10 mg; Inj 30 mg/ml/amp
Meloxicam-Mobic (OMOB1) Melicam (OMELIC)
Indication: Meloxicam has been effective in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis,
comparing well with several other nonsteroidal
anti-inammatory drugs
Place in therapy: Meloxicam has generally shown
comparable efcacy and an improved gastrointestinal
tolerability prole when compared to some other
nonsteroidal antiinammatory drugs (ie, diclofenac,
piroxicam, naproxen).
Contraindication: Meloxicam is contraindicated in
patient with acute peptic ulcer disease, hypersensitivity,
and rhinitis, urticaria/angioedema, asthma, or allergic
reactions to aspirin or other anti-inammatory agents.
Adverse effect: The adverse effect prole of meloxicam
resembles that of other nonsteroidal anti-inammatory
agents but with less gastrointestinal toxicity compared to
piroxicam, diclofenac, and naproxen.
126 - - 127 - -
acute gout.
Contraindication: Patient with nasal polyps or
angioedema, asthma, pregnancy women, child, peptic
disease, psychiatric disorders.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance (abdominal pain,
diarrhea, gastrointestinal hemorrhage & pancreatitis),
headache with dizziness, confusion and depression,
psychosis with hallucinations, thrombocytopenia and
aplastic anemia, coronary vasoconstriction
Dosage: 25-50 mg 2-3 times/day, Max 200 mg/day
Supply: Cap 25 mg
Ketorolac tromethamine-Keto(OKET1)(IKET3)
Killpain (IKILL)
Indication: Ketorolac is a non-steroidal

anti-inammatory agent with potent analgesic properties.
Place in therapy: The predominant effect exhibited by
ketorolac is analgesia rather than the anti-inammatory
effect exhibited by other NSAIDS. Ketorolac in equipotent
doses provides comparable analgesia to morphine,
meperidine and other narcotic analgesics in the
treatment of mild to moderate postoperative and
postpartum pain.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; allergy to aspirin or
other anti-inammatory agents; History of or active peptic
ulcer disease; Advanced renal impairment;
Labor/delivery; Nursing women; Preoperatively or
intraoperatively for analgesia; Patients receiving aspirin
or other nonsteroidal anti-inammatory agents; Epidural
or intrathecal route of administration; Concurrent use
with probenecid; Suspected or conrmed
cerebrovascular bleeding, hemorrhagic diathesis,
incomplete hemostasis, and patients at high risk of
bleeding; Total duration of parenteral and oral therapy
should not exceed 5 days; Oral doses greater than 40
mg/day
Adverse effect: The adverse effects are predominantly
central nervous system and gastrointestinal adverse
effects including somnolence, headache, dizziness,
paresthesias, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, and dyspepsia. The intramuscular injections
occasionally cause local pain and the ophthalmic
preparations have caused minor burning and stinging.
Dosage: Adults: The combined duration of use of
parenteral and oral ketorolac should not exceed 5 days.
For single-dose treatment, IM 30 mg or 60 mg; IV 15 mg
or 30 mg. For multiple dose treatment, IM, or IV 15 mg or
30 mg PO Q6H to a maximum daily dose of 40 mg;
Children: aged 1-18 years 1 mg/kg as a loading dose
(maximum 60 mg) followed by 0.5 mg/kg (maximum 30 mg)
Q6H for 48-72 hours;
Pharmacokinetics: The half-life is 5-6 h; hepatic
metabolism to inactive metabolites is followed by renal
excretion of 61% of a dose as unchanged drug.
Stability: Store at controlled room temperature 15 to 30
degrees C (59 to 86 degrees F) with protection from light
Meloxicam-Mobic (OMOB1) Melicam (OMELIC)
Indication: Meloxicam has been effective in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis,
comparing well with several other nonsteroidal
anti-inammatory drugs
Place in therapy: Meloxicam has generally shown
comparable efcacy and an improved gastrointestinal
tolerability prole when compared to some other
nonsteroidal antiinammatory drugs (ie, diclofenac,
piroxicam, naproxen).
Contraindication: Meloxicam is contraindicated in
patient with acute peptic ulcer disease, hypersensitivity,
and rhinitis, urticaria/angioedema, asthma, or allergic
reactions to aspirin or other anti-inammatory agents.
Adverse effect: The adverse effect prole of meloxicam
resembles that of other nonsteroidal anti-inammatory
agents but with less gastrointestinal toxicity compared to
piroxicam, diclofenac, and naproxen.
128 - - 129 - -
Dosage: Rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: 7.5-15
mg PO QD, Maximal recommanded daily dose: 15 mg,
No pediatric use dose suggested
Pharmacokinetics: The oral bioavailability of meloxicam
is 89%, and peak serum levels at steady state occur 5 to
6 hours after administration. Meloxicam is metabolized
extensively in the liver; metabolites are excreted in urine
and bile. The elimination half-life of meloxicam is about
20 hours after oral doses.
Supply: Tab 15 mg (Mobic), 7.5 mg (Melicam)
Naproxen (ONAPR)
Indication: Mild to moderate pain, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy women.
Adverse effect: GI upset, dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
constipation, liver function impairment, jaundice, platelet
dysfunction, renal function impairment.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 250 mg BID then 500
mg-1gm/day BID; maximum dose 1.25 g/day; acute gout:
initial dose 750 mg then 250mg Q8H. Children (over 5 yrs):
10 mg/kg/day BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Nimesulide-Nimed (ONIME)
Indication: Nimesulide has demonstrated efficacy in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fever,
dysmenorrhea, postoperative pain, and a variety of
inammatory conditions.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to nimesulide;
Rhinitis, urticaria, asthma, or allergic reactions to aspirin
or other anti-inammatory agents
Adverse effect: Heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, skin
rash
Dosage: Adults: 100-200 mg PO BID; Children (6
months to 8 y/o): 5mg/kg/day for fever
Pharmacokinetics: Nimesulide is highly protein-bound
and is metabolized in the liver; an elimination half-life of
approximately 3 hours has been reported.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Sulindac-Suloril (OSULO)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic

rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis, acute gouty arthritis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulindac; patients
who have experienced asthma, urticaria or allergic-type
reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs; severe,
even fatal anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported.
Adverse effect: GI pain, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea and constipation, dizziness, headache, pruritus,
sore or dry mucous membrane.
Dosage: 150-200 mg PO BID
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Ketoprofen- Ketoprofen (OKET5)(IKETO)
Indication: RA, ankylosing spondylitis, osteoarthritis,

bursitis, tendinitis, acute gout.
Contraindication: Severe renal or hepatic impairment,
heart failure, bleeding disorders, acute peptic ulceration,
and hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, ulceration & bleeding,
vertigo, dizziness, nervousness, tinnitus, depression,
drowsiness, insomnia, hypersensitivity reactions,
hematological reactions.
Dosage: 50 mg TID; Max 100 mg TID
Flurbiprofen-Lefenine(OLEFE)
dysmenorrhoea.
Contraindication: Severe renal, hepatic or cardiac
impairment, active peptic ulceration; patients in whom
aspirin or other NSAIDs induce asthma, urticaria or other
allergic-type reactions.
Adverse effect: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
128 - - 129 - -
Dosage: Rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: 7.5-15
mg PO QD, Maximal recommanded daily dose: 15 mg,
No pediatric use dose suggested
Pharmacokinetics: The oral bioavailability of meloxicam
is 89%, and peak serum levels at steady state occur 5 to
6 hours after administration. Meloxicam is metabolized
extensively in the liver; metabolites are excreted in urine
and bile. The elimination half-life of meloxicam is about
20 hours after oral doses.
Supply: Tab 15 mg (Mobic), 7.5 mg (Melicam)
Naproxen (ONAPR)
Indication: Mild to moderate pain, rheumatoid arthritis,
osteoarthritis, dysmenorrhea, and acute gout.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, pregnancy women.
Adverse effect: GI upset, dizziness, headache, tinnitus,
constipation, liver function impairment, jaundice, platelet
dysfunction, renal function impairment.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 250 mg BID then 500
mg-1gm/day BID; maximum dose 1.25 g/day; acute gout:
initial dose 750 mg then 250mg Q8H. Children (over 5 yrs):
10 mg/kg/day BID.
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Nimesulide-Nimed (ONIME)
Indication: Nimesulide has demonstrated efficacy in the
treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, fever,
dysmenorrhea, postoperative pain, and a variety of
inammatory conditions.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to nimesulide;
Rhinitis, urticaria, asthma, or allergic reactions to aspirin
or other anti-inammatory agents
Adverse effect: Heartburn, epigastric pain, nausea, skin
rash
Dosage: Adults: 100-200 mg PO BID; Children (6
months to 8 y/o): 5mg/kg/day for fever
Pharmacokinetics: Nimesulide is highly protein-bound
and is metabolized in the liver; an elimination half-life of
approximately 3 hours has been reported.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Sulindac-Suloril (OSULO)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of acute and chronic

rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis, acute gouty arthritis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulindac; patients
who have experienced asthma, urticaria or allergic-type
reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs; severe,
even fatal anaphylactic-like reactions have been reported.
Adverse effect: GI pain, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
diarrhea and constipation, dizziness, headache, pruritus,
sore or dry mucous membrane.
Dosage: 150-200 mg PO BID
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Ketoprofen- Ketoprofen (OKET5)(IKETO)

bursitis, tendinitis, acute gout.
Contraindication: Severe renal or hepatic impairment,
heart failure, bleeding disorders, acute peptic ulceration,
and hypersensitivity to aspirin or other NSAIDs.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, ulceration & bleeding,
vertigo, dizziness, nervousness, tinnitus, depression,
drowsiness, insomnia, hypersensitivity reactions,
hematological reactions.
Dosage: 50 mg TID; Max 100 mg TID
Flurbiprofen-Lefenine(OLEFE)
dysmenorrhoea.
Contraindication: Severe renal, hepatic or cardiac
impairment, active peptic ulceration; patients in whom
aspirin or other NSAIDs induce asthma, urticaria or other
allergic-type reactions.
Adverse effect: Dyspepsia, diarrhea, abdominal pain,
130 - - 131 - -
nausea, GI bleeding & ulceration. Rarely, prolonged
bleeding time, visual disturbances, uid retention &
edema, renal impairment.
Dosage: 100 mg QD-BID. Max 300 mg daily in divided
doses.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Tenoxicam-Tencam (ITENC)
Indication: RA, degenerative joint disease, tendonitis,

bursitis, sprain, acute gout.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity. Patients in whom
salicylates or other NSAIDs induce symptom of asthma,
rhinitis or urticaria. Severe upper GIT diseases, patients
undergoing anesth or surgery.
Adverse effect: GI upsets; dizziness, headache; rash,
urticaria
Dosage: 20 mg daily by IM or IV.
Etodolac-Eric (OERIC) Lacoxa(OLACO)
Indication: RA & osteoarthritis.

Contraindication: Patients in whom aspirin & other
NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthme, angioedema,
urticaria or rhinitis; active peptic ulceration.
Adverse effect: GI discomfort, hypersensitivity reactions,
bronchospasm, headache, dizziness, nervousness,
depression, drowsiness, insomnia, vertigo, hearing
disturbances, photosensitivity, haematuria.
Dosage: 600-1000 mg daily in divided doses. Max 1200
mg daily
Supply: Tab 600 mg (Eric), 400 mg (Lacoxa)
Nabumetone-Labuton(ONABU)
Indication: Treatment of pain & inammation in

degenerative arthritis & RA.
Contraindication: Active peptic ulceration, severe
hepatic impairment. Patients in whom attacks of asthma,
urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by aspirin or
other NSAIDs.
Adverse effect: Diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea,
constipation, abdominal pain, atulence, headache,
dizziness, pruritus, rash, sedation.
Dosage: 1 g at night. The dosage may be increased to
1.5-2 g daily in severe cases.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Tiaprofenic Acid-Surgam(OSURG)
Indication: Rheumatic disorders, spasms, fractures,
various injuries, surgical sequelae, supercial phlebitis,
phlebosclerosis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis,
otitis, proctology.
Contraindication: Known hypersensitivity to tiaprofenic
acid. Gastroduodenal ulcer. Severe renal or hepatic
insufciency. History of asthma. 3rd trimester of
pregnancy, children <3 years.
Adverse effect: Allergic-type reactions, GI disorders.
Rarely, dysuria, cystitis, hematuria. Dizziness, vertigo,
buzzing. Na & water retention, reversible renal impairment.
Liver test impairment.
Dosage: 1 tab TID.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Nefopam-Panagesic(OPANA)
Indication: Acute & chronic pain including post-op,
dental, musculoskeletal, acute traumatic & cancer pain.
Contraindication: History of convulsive disorders of
those taking MAOI. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, nervousness, dry
mouth & light-headedness, blurred vision, drowsiness,
sweating, insomnia, headache, tachycardia.
Dosage: Adult 1 tab tid-qid. In severe pain, single dose
can be increased up to 90 mg. Max recommended dose
in 24 hr: 300 mg.
Supply: Tab 30 mg
130 - - 131 - -
nausea, GI bleeding & ulceration. Rarely, prolonged
bleeding time, visual disturbances, uid retention &
edema, renal impairment.
Dosage: 100 mg QD-BID. Max 300 mg daily in divided
doses.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Tenoxicam-Tencam (ITENC)
Indication: RA, degenerative joint disease, tendonitis,

bursitis, sprain, acute gout.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity. Patients in whom
salicylates or other NSAIDs induce symptom of asthma,
rhinitis or urticaria. Severe upper GIT diseases, patients
undergoing anesth or surgery.
Adverse effect: GI upsets; dizziness, headache; rash,
urticaria
Dosage: 20 mg daily by IM or IV.
Etodolac-Eric (OERIC) Lacoxa(OLACO)
Indication: RA & osteoarthritis.

Contraindication: Patients in whom aspirin & other
NSAIDs precipitate attacks of asthme, angioedema,
urticaria or rhinitis; active peptic ulceration.
Adverse effect: GI discomfort, hypersensitivity reactions,
bronchospasm, headache, dizziness, nervousness,
depression, drowsiness, insomnia, vertigo, hearing
disturbances, photosensitivity, haematuria.
Dosage: 600-1000 mg daily in divided doses. Max 1200
mg daily
Supply: Tab 600 mg (Eric), 400 mg (Lacoxa)
Nabumetone-Labuton(ONABU)
Indication: Treatment of pain & inammation in

degenerative arthritis & RA.
Contraindication: Active peptic ulceration, severe
hepatic impairment. Patients in whom attacks of asthma,
urticaria or acute rhinitis are precipitated by aspirin or
other NSAIDs.
Adverse effect: Diarrhoea, dyspepsia, nausea,
constipation, abdominal pain, atulence, headache,
dizziness, pruritus, rash, sedation.
Dosage: 1 g at night. The dosage may be increased to
1.5-2 g daily in severe cases.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Tiaprofenic Acid-Surgam(OSURG)
Indication: Rheumatic disorders, spasms, fractures,
various injuries, surgical sequelae, supercial phlebitis,
phlebosclerosis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis, sinusitis,
otitis, proctology.
Contraindication: Known hypersensitivity to tiaprofenic
acid. Gastroduodenal ulcer. Severe renal or hepatic
insufciency. History of asthma. 3rd trimester of
pregnancy, children <3 years.
Adverse effect: Allergic-type reactions, GI disorders.
Rarely, dysuria, cystitis, hematuria. Dizziness, vertigo,
buzzing. Na & water retention, reversible renal impairment.
Liver test impairment.
Dosage: 1 tab TID.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
Nefopam-Panagesic(OPANA)
Indication: Acute & chronic pain including post-op,
dental, musculoskeletal, acute traumatic & cancer pain.
Contraindication: History of convulsive disorders of
those taking MAOI. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, nervousness, dry
mouth & light-headedness, blurred vision, drowsiness,
sweating, insomnia, headache, tachycardia.
Dosage: Adult 1 tab tid-qid. In severe pain, single dose
can be increased up to 90 mg. Max recommended dose
in 24 hr: 300 mg.
Supply: Tab 30 mg
132 - - 133 - -
Etofenamate Gel- Teiria Gel (ETEIR) Sporton (ESPOR)
Indication: Anti-inammatory effect and analgesic action
of soft tissue in the articulating system, rheumatic and
muscular pain.
Precaution: It should not be applied to openly injured or
eczematously inammed skin. Limited clinical studies
have reported the efcacy of topical etofenamate in the
treatment of soft tissue rheumatism, ankle sprain, and
other musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions
Adverse effect: Pruritus, erythema, local irritation,
nonspecic cutaneous allergy, and contact
dermatitis/urticaria; systemic adverse effects have not be
reported in studies to date but should be considered
possible.
Dosage: Topical BID to TID
Pharmacokinetics: Etofenamate is absorbed following
cutaneous application, with a reported bioavailability of
21%; peak serum levels occur 2 hours after topical use,
and the drug accumulates in synovial uid. Etofenamate
is metabolized in the liver.
Supply: Gel 50 mg/g, 40 g/tube (Teiria); 100 mg/g, 40
g/tube (Sporton).
Piroxicam Gel- Focus(EFOCU)
Indication: Piroxicam cream is used in osteoarthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis, and other inammatory conditions.
Contraindication: Patient with hypersensitivity to this drug
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of this topical
preparation include local irritation, hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Topical use BID-TID.
Supply: Gel 10 mg/g, 40 g/tub
Flurbiprofen-Flur Di Fen(EFLUR)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of arthritis deformans,

humero-scapular periarthritis, tendonitis, peritendinitis,
sore muscle, swelling, pain due to trauma.
Contraindication: Patients with aspirin induced asthma
or history of it.
Adverse effect: Occasionally redness, rashes, pruritus,
dryness, irritation, swelling, photosensitivity.
Dosage: Apply 1 sheet to the affected area bid.
Supply: Patch 3.33 mg/g
28:08.08 Opiate Agonists
Alfentanil HCI -Rapifen(IRAPI)(
Indication: Narcotic analgesic & anesth induction agent

Contraindication: Intolerance to drug or to
morphinomimetics.
Adverse effect: Respiratory depression, apnoea,
muscular rigidity, bradycardia; transient hypotension,
dizziness & post-op nausea & emesis.
Dosage: Short duration procedures & outpatients 7-15
mcg/kg IV, repeat every 10-15 mins; medium duration
procedure 20-150 mcg/kg IV, 15 mcg/kg every 10-15
mins if required; long procedure IV dose adjusted as
required. Induction of asesth >120 mcg/kg IV.
Supply: Inj 0.5 mg/ml, 2 ml/amp.
Codeine phosphate(OCODE)
Indication: Relief of mild to moderate pain and cough.

Contraindication: Respiratory depression, convulsive
disorders.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, euphoria, dysphoria, nausea,
vomiting, constipation, pruritus.
Dosage: Adults: analgesic: 15-60 mg Q4H, antitussive:
10-20 g Q4-6H, do not exceed 120 mg in 24 hours.
Children: analgesic: 3 mg/kg/day in 6 divided doses,
antitussive: 2.5-10 mg Q4-6H, do not exceed 60 mg in 24
hours.
Supply: Tab 30 mg

Fentanyl citrate-Fentanyl(IFANT)(
)
Durogesic(EDUR2)(
)(EDUR5)(
Indication: Management of moderate to severe chronic

pain (Transdermal); injection for sedation, relief pain,
132 - - 133 - -
Etofenamate Gel- Teiria Gel (ETEIR) Sporton (ESPOR)
Indication: Anti-inammatory effect and analgesic action
of soft tissue in the articulating system, rheumatic and
muscular pain.
Precaution: It should not be applied to openly injured or
eczematously inammed skin. Limited clinical studies
have reported the efcacy of topical etofenamate in the
treatment of soft tissue rheumatism, ankle sprain, and
other musculoskeletal and rheumatic conditions
Adverse effect: Pruritus, erythema, local irritation,
nonspecic cutaneous allergy, and contact
dermatitis/urticaria; systemic adverse effects have not be
reported in studies to date but should be considered
possible.
Dosage: Topical BID to TID
Pharmacokinetics: Etofenamate is absorbed following
cutaneous application, with a reported bioavailability of
21%; peak serum levels occur 2 hours after topical use,
and the drug accumulates in synovial uid. Etofenamate
is metabolized in the liver.
Supply: Gel 50 mg/g, 40 g/tube (Teiria); 100 mg/g, 40
g/tube (Sporton).
Piroxicam Gel- Focus(EFOCU)
Indication: Piroxicam cream is used in osteoarthritis,
ankylosing spondylitis, and other inammatory conditions.
Contraindication: Patient with hypersensitivity to this drug
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of this topical
preparation include local irritation, hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Topical use BID-TID.
Supply: Gel 10 mg/g, 40 g/tub
Flurbiprofen-Flur Di Fen(EFLUR)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of arthritis deformans,

humero-scapular periarthritis, tendonitis, peritendinitis,
sore muscle, swelling, pain due to trauma.
Contraindication: Patients with aspirin induced asthma
or history of it.
Adverse effect: Occasionally redness, rashes, pruritus,
dryness, irritation, swelling, photosensitivity.
Dosage: Apply 1 sheet to the affected area bid.
Supply: Patch 3.33 mg/g
28:08.08 Opiate Agonists
Alfentanil HCI -Rapifen(IRAPI)(
Indication: Narcotic analgesic & anesth induction agent

Contraindication: Intolerance to drug or to
morphinomimetics.
Adverse effect: Respiratory depression, apnoea,
muscular rigidity, bradycardia; transient hypotension,
dizziness & post-op nausea & emesis.
Dosage: Short duration procedures & outpatients 7-15
mcg/kg IV, repeat every 10-15 mins; medium duration
procedure 20-150 mcg/kg IV, 15 mcg/kg every 10-15
mins if required; long procedure IV dose adjusted as
required. Induction of asesth >120 mcg/kg IV.
Supply: Inj 0.5 mg/ml, 2 ml/amp.
Codeine phosphate(OCODE)

disorders.
hours.
Supply: Tab 30 mg

Fentanyl citrate-Fentanyl(IFANT)(
)
Durogesic(EDUR2)(
)(EDUR5)(
Indication: Management of moderate to severe chronic

pain (Transdermal); injection for sedation, relief pain,
134 - - 135 - -
pre-operative medications, and adjunct to general or
regional anesthesia.
Contraindication: Patient with known intolerance to the
fentanyl and patient with asthma or myasthenia gravis. In
patients who have received MAO inhibitors within 14 days
is not recommended.
Adverse effect: Respiratory depression, apnea,
muscular rigidity, bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness,
blurred vision.
Dosage: Pre-medication: 0.05-0.1 mg IM. Induction:
0.05-0.1 mg IV. Maintenance: 0.025-0.05 mg IV or IM.
Postoperative: 0.05-0.1 mg IM.
Supply: Inj 0.05 mg/ml, 10 ml/amp; Patch TTS 25 mcg/h,
50 mcg/h
Meperidine HCI (Pethidine)-Demeral (IDEME) (
B/D
Indication: Management of moderate to severe pain,

adjunct to anesthesia and preoperative sedation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to meperidine,
patients who have received MAO inhibitors within 14 days,
increased intra-cranial pressure.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, sedation, euphoria,
dysphoria, dry mouth, respiratory depression, weakness.
Dosage: Relief of pain: Adults: 50-150 mg IM Q3-4H.
Children: 1.1-1.8 mg/kg IM or SC up to adult dose Q3-4H.
Preoperative medication: Adults: 50-100 mg IM 30-90
min before anesthesia. Children: 0.5-1mg/lb IM up to
adult dose, 30-90 min before anesthesia.
Morphine HCI (IMORP)(
)(OMORP)
Indication: Relief of visceral pain, preanesthetic

medication.
Contraindication: Respiratory depression, biliary colic,
acute pancreatitis, asthma and increased intracranial
pressure.
Dosage: Adults: SC: 5-15 mg Q 4hr; IV: 4-10 mg, dilute
and inject slowly over a 2-3 min period. IV infusion 1-10
mg/hr, some patients with chronic pain may require a
higher dosage. IM is painful and is not recommended.
Children: PO: 0.3 mg/kg Q3-4 hr; IV: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg
Q4hr; IV infusion 0.01-0.04 mg/kg/hr.
Tramadol HCI-Tramal SR (ITRAM)(OTRAMS)
Indication: Relief of moderate to moderately severe pain

Pharmacology: Binds to -opiate receptors in the CNS
causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering
the perception of and response to pain
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: rapid and complete;
Onset: about 1 hr; Time to peak: 2 hrs; Duration: 9 hrs;
Plasma protein binding: 20%; Extensively metabolized in
liver, has pharmacologically active metabolites.
Elimination half-life: about 6 hrs, active metabolites: 7 hrs;
prolonged in elderly, hepatic or renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Same as morphine but less respiratory
depression, sedation.
Dosage: IV 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum daliy
doses 400 mg. In elderly: Oral: >75 years: 50-100 mg
every 4-6 hours not to exceed 300 mg/day. Renal
impairment, ClCr <30 mL/min: Administer 50-100 mg
dose every 12 hours; maximum: 200 mg/day. Cirrhosis:
Recommended dose is 50 mg every 12 hours.
28:08.12 Opiate Partial Agonists
Butorphanol Tartrate-Butaro Nasal Spray (
)
Indication: Butorphanol tartrate is indicated for the
management of pain when the use of an opioid analgesic
is appropriate.
Pharmacology: Butorphanol is a mixed narcotic
agonist-antagonist with low intrinsic activity at the
134 - - 135 - -
pre-operative medications, and adjunct to general or
regional anesthesia.
Contraindication: Patient with known intolerance to the
fentanyl and patient with asthma or myasthenia gravis. In
patients who have received MAO inhibitors within 14 days
is not recommended.
muscular rigidity, bradycardia, hypotension, dizziness,
blurred vision.
Dosage: Pre-medication: 0.05-0.1 mg IM. Induction:
0.05-0.1 mg IV. Maintenance: 0.025-0.05 mg IV or IM.
Postoperative: 0.05-0.1 mg IM.
Supply: Inj 0.05 mg/ml, 10 ml/amp; Patch TTS 25 mcg/h,
50 mcg/h
Meperidine HCI (Pethidine)-Demeral (IDEME) (
B/D
Indication: Management of moderate to severe pain,

adjunct to anesthesia and preoperative sedation.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to meperidine,
patients who have received MAO inhibitors within 14 days,
increased intra-cranial pressure.
Dosage: Relief of pain: Adults: 50-150 mg IM Q3-4H.
Children: 1.1-1.8 mg/kg IM or SC up to adult dose Q3-4H.
Preoperative medication: Adults: 50-100 mg IM 30-90
min before anesthesia. Children: 0.5-1mg/lb IM up to
adult dose, 30-90 min before anesthesia.
Morphine HCI (IMORP)(
)(OMORP)
Indication: Relief of visceral pain, preanesthetic

medication.
Contraindication: Respiratory depression, biliary colic,
acute pancreatitis, asthma and increased intracranial
pressure.
Dosage: Adults: SC: 5-15 mg Q 4hr; IV: 4-10 mg, dilute
and inject slowly over a 2-3 min period. IV infusion 1-10
mg/hr, some patients with chronic pain may require a
higher dosage. IM is painful and is not recommended.
Children: PO: 0.3 mg/kg Q3-4 hr; IV: 0.05-0.2 mg/kg
Q4hr; IV infusion 0.01-0.04 mg/kg/hr.
Tramadol HCI-Tramal SR (ITRAM)(OTRAMS)
Indication: Relief of moderate to moderately severe pain

Pharmacology: Binds to -opiate receptors in the CNS
causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering
the perception of and response to pain
Pharmacokinetics: Absorption: rapid and complete;
Onset: about 1 hr; Time to peak: 2 hrs; Duration: 9 hrs;
Plasma protein binding: 20%; Extensively metabolized in
liver, has pharmacologically active metabolites.
Elimination half-life: about 6 hrs, active metabolites: 7 hrs;
prolonged in elderly, hepatic or renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Same as morphine but less respiratory
depression, sedation.
Dosage: IV 50-100 mg every 4-6 hours, maximum daliy
doses 400 mg. In elderly: Oral: >75 years: 50-100 mg
every 4-6 hours not to exceed 300 mg/day. Renal
impairment, ClCr <30 mL/min: Administer 50-100 mg
dose every 12 hours; maximum: 200 mg/day. Cirrhosis:
Recommended dose is 50 mg every 12 hours.
28:08.12 Opiate Partial Agonists
Butorphanol Tartrate-Butaro Nasal Spray (
)
Indication: Butorphanol tartrate is indicated for the
management of pain when the use of an opioid analgesic
is appropriate.
Pharmacology: Butorphanol is a mixed narcotic
agonist-antagonist with low intrinsic activity at the
136 - - 137 - -
Mu-opioid type receptors (morphine-like). It is an agonist
at kappa-opioid receptors. Its interactions with these
receptors in the central nervous system apparently
mediate most of its pharmacologic effects, including
analgesia.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action is within 15 min;
mean peak blood levels occur at 30-60 minutes after a 1
mg dose; Duration of analgesic 4-5 hrs; nasal
bioavailability 60% - 70% .The elimination half- life
4.7-6.6 hrs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to butorphanol tartrate
or benzenthonium chloride in Butaro Nasal Spray
Adverse effect: Somnolence, dizziness, nausea and/or
vomiting
Dosage: 1 mg intranasally (one spray in one nostril),
followed by 2nd dose in 60-90 min as needed, repeat
every 3-4 hr as needed. Dosage reduction is needed in
severe liver disease. In moderate renal failure (GFR
10-50 ml/min), 75% of usual dose; severe renal failure
(GFR
10 ml/min), 50% of usual dose.

Supply: Nasal Spray 10 mg/ ml (1 mg/spray), 2.5 ml/bottle
28:08.92 Analgesics and Antipyretics, Miscellaneous
Acetaminophen-Depyretin (Scanol) (OSCAN)
Anti-Phen(BANTI)
Indication: Analgesic and antipyretic actions similar to

aspirin, no anti-inammatory properties.
Contraindicaton: Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen,
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deciency,
continued use in patients with anemia, or with cardiac,
pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease.
Adverse effect: Erythematous or urticarial skin reaction,
drowsiness, agranulocytosis, liver damage, renal tubural
necrosis, methemoglobinemia.
Dosage: Adults: 300-650 mg Q4H, up to 1000 mg QID,
short-term therapy and long-term therapy up to 4 g/day.
Children: (7-12 yrs): 150-325 mg TID or QID, dont
exceed 1.3 g in 24 hours; (under 6 yrs): 120-200 mg TID
or QID, dont exceed 480 mg in 24 hours.
Supply: Tab 500 mg; Elixir 24 mg/ml, 60 ml/bot (contains
6.65% alcohol, and color agent yellow No.5 may caused
allergy)
Rhin (ORHIN)
Indication: Relief of cold symptoms such as headache,
fever, nasal congestion and sneezing.
Contraindication: Impaired kidney or liver function,
hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, liver damage, and dizziness.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO TID.
Supply: Tab acetaminophen 300 mg/ phenylephrine 5
mg/chlorpheniramine maleate 1 mg/caffeine anhydrous
30 mg

28:10 Opiate Antagonists
Naloxone HCI Narcan(INALO)(
Indication: Overdose of opiate

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to naloxone
Adverse effect: Cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension,
hypotension, ventricular brillation; hepatotoxicity;
pulmonary edema; opioid withdrawal
Dosage: For narcotic analgesic overdose: IV 0.2-2 mg
every 2-3 min as needed, if no response is observed
after 10 mg, question the diagnosis
For postoperation narcotic depression: IV, 0.1-0.2 mg,
may repeat every 2-3 min as needed
Supply: Inj 0.4 mg/1 ml/amp
28:12 Anticonvulsants
Phenobarbital (OPHENO)
Indication: Insomnia, anxiety, cardiac and gastric

136 - - 137 - -
Mu-opioid type receptors (morphine-like). It is an agonist
at kappa-opioid receptors. Its interactions with these
receptors in the central nervous system apparently
mediate most of its pharmacologic effects, including
analgesia.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action is within 15 min;
mean peak blood levels occur at 30-60 minutes after a 1
mg dose; Duration of analgesic 4-5 hrs; nasal
bioavailability 60% - 70% .The elimination half- life
4.7-6.6 hrs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to butorphanol tartrate
or benzenthonium chloride in Butaro Nasal Spray
Adverse effect: Somnolence, dizziness, nausea and/or
vomiting
Dosage: 1 mg intranasally (one spray in one nostril),
followed by 2nd dose in 60-90 min as needed, repeat
every 3-4 hr as needed. Dosage reduction is needed in
severe liver disease. In moderate renal failure (GFR
10-50 ml/min), 75% of usual dose; severe renal failure
(GFR
10 ml/min), 50% of usual dose.

Supply: Nasal Spray 10 mg/ ml (1 mg/spray), 2.5 ml/bottle
28:08.92 Analgesics and Antipyretics, Miscellaneous
Acetaminophen-Depyretin (Scanol) (OSCAN)
Anti-Phen(BANTI)
Indication: Analgesic and antipyretic actions similar to

aspirin, no anti-inammatory properties.
Contraindicaton: Hypersensitivity to acetaminophen,
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deciency,
continued use in patients with anemia, or with cardiac,
pulmonary, renal, or hepatic disease.
Adverse effect: Erythematous or urticarial skin reaction,
drowsiness, agranulocytosis, liver damage, renal tubural
necrosis, methemoglobinemia.
Dosage: Adults: 300-650 mg Q4H, up to 1000 mg QID,
short-term therapy and long-term therapy up to 4 g/day.
Children: (7-12 yrs): 150-325 mg TID or QID, dont
exceed 1.3 g in 24 hours; (under 6 yrs): 120-200 mg TID
or QID, dont exceed 480 mg in 24 hours.
Supply: Tab 500 mg; Elixir 24 mg/ml, 60 ml/bot (contains
6.65% alcohol, and color agent yellow No.5 may caused
allergy)
Rhin (ORHIN)
Indication: Relief of cold symptoms such as headache,
fever, nasal congestion and sneezing.
Contraindication: Impaired kidney or liver function,
hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, liver damage, and dizziness.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO TID.
Supply: Tab acetaminophen 300 mg/ phenylephrine 5
mg/chlorpheniramine maleate 1 mg/caffeine anhydrous
30 mg

28:10 Opiate Antagonists
Naloxone HCI Narcan(INALO)(
Indication: Overdose of opiate

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to naloxone
Adverse effect: Cardiac dysrhythmia, hypertension,
hypotension, ventricular brillation; hepatotoxicity;
pulmonary edema; opioid withdrawal
Dosage: For narcotic analgesic overdose: IV 0.2-2 mg
every 2-3 min as needed, if no response is observed
after 10 mg, question the diagnosis
For postoperation narcotic depression: IV, 0.1-0.2 mg,
may repeat every 2-3 min as needed
28:12 Anticonvulsants
Phenobarbital (OPHENO)
Indication: Insomnia, anxiety, cardiac and gastric

138 - - 139 - -
neurosis, excitement, epilepsy, tetanus, preanesthetic
medication.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to barbiturates,
respiratory or cardiac disease, uncontrolled pain, history
of porphyria, hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Residual sedation, drowsiness, vertigo,
ataxia, depression, nausea, vomiting, circulatory collapse.
Dosage: Adults: PO, 50-100 mg BID or TID. Children:
PO 3-6 mg/kg/day in divided doses
Supply: Tab 32 mg

28:12.08 Benzodiazepines
Clonazepam-Rivotril (ORIVO) (ORIV2)
Indication: Lennox-gastaut syndrome, akinetic and

myoclonic seizure, absence (petit mal) seizure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines,
patient with signicant liver disease, acute narrow angle
glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, aphonia, confusion,
depression, ataxia, increased salivation, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, respiratory depression,
thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 1.5 mg/day divided into 3
doses, followed by increased of 0.5-1.0 mg/day every 3
day until seizures control is achieved, maintenance
dosage should not exceed 20 mg daily, maximum dose:
20 mg/day.
Children: initial dose 0.05 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 doses,
may be increased of 0.5 mg every 3 day,
maintenance dosage should not exceeded 0.2 mg/kg/day
28:12.12 Hydantoins
Phenytion sodium Dilantin (ODILAN)
Aleviatin(IDILA)
Indication: Grand mal seizures and psychomotor

seizures; ventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial
tachycardia; digitalis intoxication induced arrhythmias.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to hydantoins,
hemopoietic disorders, hepatic disease.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, ataxia, diplopia, GI
disturbance, gingival hyperplasia, thrombocytopenia,
agranulocytosis, osteomalacia.
Dosage: Grand mal and psychomotor seizure: Adults:
PO, initial dose 100 mg TID, increase dosage to a
maximum of 600 mg/day, usual maintenance dose:
300-400 mg daily. IV, initial dose 150-200 mg given at a
rate not exceeding 50 mg/min. Children: PO, initial dose
5 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided dose, maintenance dose 4-8
mg/kg/day; IV, may be given 15-20 mg/kg, at a rate not
exceeding 1-3 mg/kg/min. Cardiac arrhythmias: IV, usual
dose 3.5-5 mg/kg, given at a rate not more than 50 mg/min,
electrocardiographic monitoring is recommended.
Stability: D5W or NS with 1, 1.5, 2, 4, or 10 g/L
phenytoin is visually compatible for 4 days at 25
. NS
with 100 mg/L phenytoin has no visible precipitation
reported in 24 hours at 25
in an administration system
that was closed to the air.
Supply: Tab 100 mg; Inj 50 mg/ml, 5 ml/amp
28:12.92 Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous
Carbamazepine-Tegretol (CR) (OTEGR) (OTEFCR)
Indication: For relief of pain associated with trigeminal
neuralgia and use to control grand mal and psychomotor
or partial seizure.
Contraindication: Patients with previous bone marrow
depression, hypersensitivity to carbamazepine and with a
history of cardiac, hepatic, or renal disease.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, nausea,
vomiting, agitation, and tremor.
Dosage: Epilepsy: initial dose 100-200 mg, 1-2 times
daily, gradually increased of 200 mg/day to a usual
maintenance dose of 0.8 to 1.2 g daily in 2-4 divided
138 - - 139 - -
neurosis, excitement, epilepsy, tetanus, preanesthetic
medication.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to barbiturates,
respiratory or cardiac disease, uncontrolled pain, history
of porphyria, hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Residual sedation, drowsiness, vertigo,
ataxia, depression, nausea, vomiting, circulatory collapse.
Dosage: Adults: PO, 50-100 mg BID or TID. Children:
PO 3-6 mg/kg/day in divided doses
Supply: Tab 32 mg

Clonazepam-Rivotril (ORIVO) (ORIV2)
Indication: Lennox-gastaut syndrome, akinetic and

myoclonic seizure, absence (petit mal) seizure.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to benzodiazepines,
patient with signicant liver disease, acute narrow angle
glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, aphonia, confusion,
depression, ataxia, increased salivation, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, dry mouth, respiratory depression,
thrombocytopenia.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose 1.5 mg/day divided into 3
doses, followed by increased of 0.5-1.0 mg/day every 3
day until seizures control is achieved, maintenance
dosage should not exceed 20 mg daily, maximum dose:
20 mg/day.
Children: initial dose 0.05 mg/kg/day divided into 2-3 doses,
may be increased of 0.5 mg every 3 day,
maintenance dosage should not exceeded 0.2 mg/kg/day
28:12.12 Hydantoins
Phenytion sodium Dilantin (ODILAN)
Aleviatin(IDILA)
Indication: Grand mal seizures and psychomotor

seizures; ventricular tachycardia, paroxysmal atrial
tachycardia; digitalis intoxication induced arrhythmias.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to hydantoins,
hemopoietic disorders, hepatic disease.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, ataxia, diplopia, GI
disturbance, gingival hyperplasia, thrombocytopenia,
agranulocytosis, osteomalacia.
Dosage: Grand mal and psychomotor seizure: Adults:
PO, initial dose 100 mg TID, increase dosage to a
maximum of 600 mg/day, usual maintenance dose:
300-400 mg daily. IV, initial dose 150-200 mg given at a
rate not exceeding 50 mg/min. Children: PO, initial dose
5 mg/kg/day in 2-3 divided dose, maintenance dose 4-8
mg/kg/day; IV, may be given 15-20 mg/kg, at a rate not
exceeding 1-3 mg/kg/min. Cardiac arrhythmias: IV, usual
dose 3.5-5 mg/kg, given at a rate not more than 50 mg/min,
electrocardiographic monitoring is recommended.
Stability: D5W or NS with 1, 1.5, 2, 4, or 10 g/L
phenytoin is visually compatible for 4 days at 25
. NS
with 100 mg/L phenytoin has no visible precipitation
reported in 24 hours at 25
in an administration system
that was closed to the air.
Supply: Tab 100 mg; Inj 50 mg/ml, 5 ml/amp
28:12.92 Anticonvulsants, Miscellaneous
Carbamazepine-Tegretol (CR) (OTEGR) (OTEFCR)
Indication: For relief of pain associated with trigeminal
neuralgia and use to control grand mal and psychomotor
or partial seizure.
Contraindication: Patients with previous bone marrow
depression, hypersensitivity to carbamazepine and with a
history of cardiac, hepatic, or renal disease.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, ataxia, drowsiness, nausea,
vomiting, agitation, and tremor.
Dosage: Epilepsy: initial dose 100-200 mg, 1-2 times
daily, gradually increased of 200 mg/day to a usual
maintenance dose of 0.8 to 1.2 g daily in 2-4 divided
140 - - 141 - -
doses up to 1.6 g/day. Trigeminal neuralgia: initial dose
100 mg BID, increased by 200 mg daily up to 1.2 g daily,
usual maintenance dose 400-800 mg daily in 2-4 divided
doses. Tegretol controlled release Tab can be divided
into two parts butcould not be crashed. For shifting from
conventional tablet to controlled release form, increasing
of 10-20% dose is recommended.
Supply: Tab 200 mg (Tegretol), control- released form
200 mg (Tegretol CR)
Oxcarbazepine-Trileptal (OTRIL)
Indication: Monotherapy & adjunctive treatment of

partial seizures in adult. Adjunctive treatment of partial
seizure in children < 1 month.
Precaution: Monitor plasma sodium levels in patients
with pre-existing renal conditions associated with low
sodium or in patients treated concomitantly with
sodium-lowering drugs. Cardiac insufciency &
secondary heart failure (monitor body-weight). May affect
ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse effect: Frequent: fatigue, dizziness, headache,
somnolence, nausea, vomiting, diplopia. Common:
asthenia, agitation, amnesia, apathy, ataxia, impaired
concentration, confusion, depression, emotional lability,
nystagmus, tremor, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, asymptomatic hyponatremia, acne, alopecia, rash,
vertigo, vision disorders.
Dosage: Adult-600-2400 mg/day in 2 divided doses.
Children-initially 8-10 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses.
Dosage may be increased according to response in
steps of up to 10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals. MAX 46
mg/kg daily in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 300 mg
Gabapentin-Gaty(OGATY)
Indication: Gabapentin is indicated as adjunctive

therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and
without secondary generalization.
Place in therapy: The potential advantage of gabapentin
over other antiepileptic agents is its apparent low order of
toxicity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Gabapentin;
pancreatitis
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, myalgia,
somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus,
weight gain, skin rash, blurred vision, diplopia, mood
changes, tremor, hyperactive behavior, No interactions
with other anticonvulsants have been reported.
Dosage: Partial seizure: Adults and children
12 yrs:
300 mg PO TID; may increase up to 1800 mg/day
(divided into 3 doses); Children(3-12 yrs): initial, 10-15
mg/ kg/day in 3 divided doses. Diabetic peripheral
neuropathy: 900-3600 mg/day in 3 divided doses.
Post-herpetic neuralgia: 300 mg on Day 1, 300 mg BID
on Day2, 300 mg TID on Day 3; may increase to 1800
mg/day (divided into 3 doses)
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is not protein bound and
does not appear to be metabolized; all of a dose is
excreted unchanged in the urine. The terminal
elimination half-life is 5 to 7 hours.
Supply: Tab 600 mg
Lamotrigine-Lamictal(OLAMI)Lamta (OLAMT)
Indication: It is used in combination with other

anticonvulsant agents in the management of partial
seizures.
Place in therapy: The major role of lamotrigine appears to
be in the treatment of simple and complex partial seizures
and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures resistant to
multiple-drug therapy.
Contraindication: It is contraindicated in patients with
known hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient in
the formulation.
Adverse effect: In general, lamotrigine is well tolerated,
but Stevens Johnson syndrome or rare deaths due to
toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. The drug
140 - - 141 - -
doses up to 1.6 g/day. Trigeminal neuralgia: initial dose
100 mg BID, increased by 200 mg daily up to 1.2 g daily,
usual maintenance dose 400-800 mg daily in 2-4 divided
doses. Tegretol controlled release Tab can be divided
into two parts butcould not be crashed. For shifting from
conventional tablet to controlled release form, increasing
of 10-20% dose is recommended.
Supply: Tab 200 mg (Tegretol), control- released form
200 mg (Tegretol CR)
Oxcarbazepine-Trileptal (OTRIL)
Indication: Monotherapy & adjunctive treatment of

partial seizures in adult. Adjunctive treatment of partial
seizure in children < 1 month.
Precaution: Monitor plasma sodium levels in patients
with pre-existing renal conditions associated with low
sodium or in patients treated concomitantly with
sodium-lowering drugs. Cardiac insufciency &
secondary heart failure (monitor body-weight). May affect
ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse effect: Frequent: fatigue, dizziness, headache,
somnolence, nausea, vomiting, diplopia. Common:
asthenia, agitation, amnesia, apathy, ataxia, impaired
concentration, confusion, depression, emotional lability,
nystagmus, tremor, constipation, diarrhea, abdominal
pain, asymptomatic hyponatremia, acne, alopecia, rash,
vertigo, vision disorders.
Dosage: Adult-600-2400 mg/day in 2 divided doses.
Children-initially 8-10 mg/kg/day in 2 divided doses.
Dosage may be increased according to response in
steps of up to 10 mg/kg daily at weekly intervals. MAX 46
mg/kg daily in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 300 mg
Gabapentin-Gaty(OGATY)
Indication: Gabapentin is indicated as adjunctive

therapy in the treatment of partial seizures with and
without secondary generalization.
Place in therapy: The potential advantage of gabapentin
over other antiepileptic agents is its apparent low order of
toxicity.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Gabapentin;
pancreatitis
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, myalgia,
somnolence, fatigue, dizziness, ataxia, nystagmus,
weight gain, skin rash, blurred vision, diplopia, mood
changes, tremor, hyperactive behavior, No interactions
with other anticonvulsants have been reported.
Dosage: Partial seizure: Adults and children
12 yrs:
300 mg PO TID; may increase up to 1800 mg/day
(divided into 3 doses); Children(3-12 yrs): initial, 10-15
mg/ kg/day in 3 divided doses. Diabetic peripheral
neuropathy: 900-3600 mg/day in 3 divided doses.
Post-herpetic neuralgia: 300 mg on Day 1, 300 mg BID
on Day2, 300 mg TID on Day 3; may increase to 1800
mg/day (divided into 3 doses)
Pharmacokinetics: The drug is not protein bound and
does not appear to be metabolized; all of a dose is
excreted unchanged in the urine. The terminal
elimination half-life is 5 to 7 hours.
Supply: Tab 600 mg
Lamotrigine-Lamictal(OLAMI)Lamta (OLAMT)
Indication: It is used in combination with other

anticonvulsant agents in the management of partial
seizures.
Place in therapy: The major role of lamotrigine appears to
be in the treatment of simple and complex partial seizures
and secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures resistant to
multiple-drug therapy.
Contraindication: It is contraindicated in patients with
known hypersensitivity to the drug or any ingredient in
the formulation.
Adverse effect: In general, lamotrigine is well tolerated,
but Stevens Johnson syndrome or rare deaths due to
toxic epidermal necrolysis have been reported. The drug
142 - - 143 - -
is not approved for use in patients below 16 of age, due
to higher incidence of severe life-threatening skin rash
than in adult. Other effects include: dizziness, headache,
ataxia, nausea, vomiting, rhinitis, pharyngitis, diplopia,
and blurred vision.
Dosage: Adults and children (>16 yrs) receiving 200-500
mg/day in two divided doses, up to 700 mg/day have
been used in some cases. 100-150 mg/day are used with
concomitant valproic acid.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Magnesium Sulfate-MgSO4(IMGSO)
Indication: Prevention or control seizures in severe

pre-eclampsia or eclampsia and in convulsions
associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis and
hypothyroidism; used to prevent or correct magnesium
deciency in TPN.
Contraindication: Heart block, myocardial damage,
serious renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Flushing, sweating, depressed reexes,
hypotension, circulatory collapse, cardiac and CNS
depression.
Dosage: Initial dose: 1-4 g in 250 ml of 5% dextrose, the
rate of injection not exceed 150 mg/min.
Supply: Inj 10% 20 ml/amp, 16.2 mEq of Mg/amp
Valproate sodium Depakine
(ODEPA) (ODEP5)(BDEPA)Convulex (OCONV)
Indication: Simple or complex absence seizures, complex

partial epileptic seizures, acute mania
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to valproic acid,
hepatic or renal function impairment, blood dyscrasias.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, GI irritation,
drowsiness, ataxia, transient alopecia, liver dysfunction.
Dosage: Adult: Initial dose: 10-15 mg/kg/day, increased
by 5-10 mg/kg daily at one week intervals until seizures
are controlled, maximum recommended dosage is 60
mg/kg/day. Children: 25-30 mg/kg/day of Depakin chron;
Switch from Depakin to Deparkin chrono: in a three-day
base from 1500 mg Deparkin to Chrono form, day 0: 500
mg QD of Deparkin, day 1: conventional form 1 Tab QD
and chrono 1 Tab TID, day 2: chrono 1 Tab QD and 2
Tabs QN, day 3: chrono 3 Tab QD or QN.
Supply: Tab 200 mg (Depakine); Slow released tab 500
mg (Depakine Chrono); Cap 500 mg (Convulex); Sol 200
mg/ml, 40 ml/bot
Topiramate Topamax (OTOPA)(OTOPA1)
Indication: Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted
monosaccharide, antiepileptic drug. Topiramate is
indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of
patients with partial onset seizures or generalized
tonic-clonic seizures. The use of topiramate in children is
not reimbursed by insurance.
Place in therapy: Potential advantages of topiramate
are its lack of effect conventional antiepileptic agents
(although phenytoin and carbamazepine can decrease
topiramate serum concentrations), relatively long
elimination half-life, and overall better tolerability
compared to conventional agents; hematotoxicity or
hepatotoxicity has not been reported in available trials.
One disadvantage is its propensity to induce cognitive
disturbances.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to topiramate;
precaution in the following condition: Behavioral
disorders or cognitive decits, urolithiasis, paresthesia,
renal impairment or hepatic impairment, topiramate and
other antiepileptic drugs should be gradually withdrawn
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of topiramate include
cognitive dysfunction, paresthesias, sedation, dizziness,
fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, and urolithiasis. The drug
appears better tolerated in regard to hematotoxicity and
Dosage: Adults: partial seizures or generalized
tonic-clonic seizures: 400 mg/day PO BID. Children: the
initial dose is topiramate 25 mg or less (1 to 3 mg/kg/day)
142 - - 143 - -
is not approved for use in patients below 16 of age, due
to higher incidence of severe life-threatening skin rash
than in adult. Other effects include: dizziness, headache,
ataxia, nausea, vomiting, rhinitis, pharyngitis, diplopia,
and blurred vision.
Dosage: Adults and children (>16 yrs) receiving 200-500
mg/day in two divided doses, up to 700 mg/day have
been used in some cases. 100-150 mg/day are used with
concomitant valproic acid.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Magnesium Sulfate-MgSO4(IMGSO)
Indication: Prevention or control seizures in severe

pre-eclampsia or eclampsia and in convulsions
associated with epilepsy, glomerulonephritis and
hypothyroidism; used to prevent or correct magnesium
deciency in TPN.
Contraindication: Heart block, myocardial damage,
serious renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Flushing, sweating, depressed reexes,
hypotension, circulatory collapse, cardiac and CNS
depression.
Dosage: Initial dose: 1-4 g in 250 ml of 5% dextrose, the
rate of injection not exceed 150 mg/min.
Supply: Inj 10% 20 ml/amp, 16.2 mEq of Mg/amp
Valproate sodium Depakine
(ODEPA) (ODEP5)(BDEPA)Convulex (OCONV)
Indication: Simple or complex absence seizures, complex

partial epileptic seizures, acute mania
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to valproic acid,
hepatic or renal function impairment, blood dyscrasias.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, GI irritation,
drowsiness, ataxia, transient alopecia, liver dysfunction.
Dosage: Adult: Initial dose: 10-15 mg/kg/day, increased
by 5-10 mg/kg daily at one week intervals until seizures
are controlled, maximum recommended dosage is 60
mg/kg/day. Children: 25-30 mg/kg/day of Depakin chron;
Switch from Depakin to Deparkin chrono: in a three-day
base from 1500 mg Deparkin to Chrono form, day 0: 500
mg QD of Deparkin, day 1: conventional form 1 Tab QD
and chrono 1 Tab TID, day 2: chrono 1 Tab QD and 2
Tabs QN, day 3: chrono 3 Tab QD or QN.
Supply: Tab 200 mg (Depakine); Slow released tab 500
mg (Depakine Chrono); Cap 500 mg (Convulex); Sol 200
mg/ml, 40 ml/bot
Topiramate Topamax (OTOPA)(OTOPA1)
Indication: Topiramate is a sulfamate-substituted
monosaccharide, antiepileptic drug. Topiramate is
indicated as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of
patients with partial onset seizures or generalized
tonic-clonic seizures. The use of topiramate in children is
not reimbursed by insurance.
Place in therapy: Potential advantages of topiramate
are its lack of effect conventional antiepileptic agents
(although phenytoin and carbamazepine can decrease
topiramate serum concentrations), relatively long
elimination half-life, and overall better tolerability
compared to conventional agents; hematotoxicity or
hepatotoxicity has not been reported in available trials.
One disadvantage is its propensity to induce cognitive
disturbances.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to topiramate;
precaution in the following condition: Behavioral
disorders or cognitive decits, urolithiasis, paresthesia,
renal impairment or hepatic impairment, topiramate and
other antiepileptic drugs should be gradually withdrawn
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of topiramate include
cognitive dysfunction, paresthesias, sedation, dizziness,
fatigue, weight loss, diarrhea, and urolithiasis. The drug
appears better tolerated in regard to hematotoxicity and
Dosage: Adults: partial seizures or generalized
tonic-clonic seizures: 400 mg/day PO BID. Children: the
initial dose is topiramate 25 mg or less (1 to 3 mg/kg/day)
144 - - 145 - -
nightly for 1 week. The dosage should then be increased
by increments of 1-3 mg/kg/day administered in 2 divided
doses at 1- to 2-week intervals.
Pharmacokinetics: Topiramate is well absorbed after
oral doses; peak serum concentrations occur in 2 to 4
hours. Food alters the rate of absorption but not the
extent. The plasma protein binding of topiramate is
minimal (9% to 17%); its volume of distribution is 0.7 L/kg.
Most of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
The elimination half-life of topiramate is 18 to 24 hours.
Vigabatrin Sabril(OSABR)
Indication: Vigabatrin is a derivative of
gamma-aminobutyric acid that is used as an
anticonvulsant. It is an effective adjunctive anticonvulsant
for the treatment of multidrug-refractory complex partial
seizures in adults. It is also effective in resistant partial
seizures and infantile spasms in children and adolescents.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to vigabatrin.
Adverse effect: Headache, ataxia, irritablility, behavior
changes, anxiety, gastrointestinal disturbance, weight gain,
and acute psychosis; psychosis has occurred upon abrupt
withdrawal of vigabatrin.
Dosage: Adults: for add-on therapy 2-3 g/day, increase
to 4 g daily if necessary Children: 1-2 g/day.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
28:16 Psychotherapeutic Agents
28:16.04 Antidepressants
28:16.04.16 Selective Serotonin- and
Norepinephrine-reuptake Inhibitors
Venlafaxine Efexor XR (OEFEX)(OEFEXX)
Indication: Major depressive disorder; generalized

anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.
Contraindication: Concomitant or within 14 days of
MAOIs. Efexor XR must be discontinued for at least 7 days
before starting treatment with MAOI. Severe renal
or hepatic impairment. Pregnancy & lactation. Children
<18 years.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, sedation, dry mouth,
insomnia, nervousness, tremor, somnolence, anorexia,
constipation, nausea, vomiting, abnormal
ejaculation/orgasm (males), erectile dysfunction, urinary
hesitancy, sweating, asthenia, hypertension, hot ushes,
ecchymosis, mucous membrane bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, hypercholesterolaemia, yawning,
fatigue, nausea, appetite & weight loss, decreased libido,
sweating, anorexia, visual disturbances.
Dosage: 75-150 mg/day
Supply: Cap 37.5 mg, 75 mg
Duloxetine HClCymbalta (OCYMB)
Indication: Major depressive disorder

MAOIs. Uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma
Adverse effect: Nausea, dry mouth, constipation,
diarrhea, vomiting, decreaed appetite, wt loss, fatigue,
dizziness, somnolence, tremor, increased sweating, hot
ushes, blurred vision, insomnia, anxiety, sexual
dysfunction. Rarely, urinary hesitancy.
Dosage: 40-60 mg/day in divided doses (i.e. 20 or 30 mg
bid), or as a single daily dose of 60 mg
Supply: Cap 30 mg
28:16.04.20 Selective Serotonin-reuptake Inhibitors
Paroxetine-Setine (OSETI) Seroxat (OSERX)
Indication: Paroxetine is an antidepressant agent, which

selectively inhibits serotonin uptake. Paroxetine is
effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder,
being comparable in efcacy to amitriptyline and
mianserin; paroxetine is also effective for obsessive-
144 - - 145 - -
nightly for 1 week. The dosage should then be increased
by increments of 1-3 mg/kg/day administered in 2 divided
doses at 1- to 2-week intervals.
Pharmacokinetics: Topiramate is well absorbed after
oral doses; peak serum concentrations occur in 2 to 4
hours. Food alters the rate of absorption but not the
extent. The plasma protein binding of topiramate is
minimal (9% to 17%); its volume of distribution is 0.7 L/kg.
Most of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
The elimination half-life of topiramate is 18 to 24 hours.
Vigabatrin Sabril(OSABR)
Indication: Vigabatrin is a derivative of
gamma-aminobutyric acid that is used as an
anticonvulsant. It is an effective adjunctive anticonvulsant
for the treatment of multidrug-refractory complex partial
seizures in adults. It is also effective in resistant partial
seizures and infantile spasms in children and adolescents.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to vigabatrin.
Adverse effect: Headache, ataxia, irritablility, behavior
changes, anxiety, gastrointestinal disturbance, weight gain,
and acute psychosis; psychosis has occurred upon abrupt
withdrawal of vigabatrin.
Dosage: Adults: for add-on therapy 2-3 g/day, increase
to 4 g daily if necessary Children: 1-2 g/day.
Supply: Tab 500 mg
28:16 Psychotherapeutic Agents
28:16.04 Antidepressants
28:16.04.16 Selective Serotonin- and
Venlafaxine Efexor XR (OEFEX)(OEFEXX)
Indication: Major depressive disorder; generalized

anxiety disorder and social anxiety disorder.
MAOIs. Efexor XR must be discontinued for at least 7 days
before starting treatment with MAOI. Severe renal
or hepatic impairment. Pregnancy & lactation. Children
<18 years.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, sedation, dry mouth,
insomnia, nervousness, tremor, somnolence, anorexia,
constipation, nausea, vomiting, abnormal
ejaculation/orgasm (males), erectile dysfunction, urinary
hesitancy, sweating, asthenia, hypertension, hot ushes,
ecchymosis, mucous membrane bleeding,
thrombocytopenia, hypercholesterolaemia, yawning,
fatigue, nausea, appetite & weight loss, decreased libido,
sweating, anorexia, visual disturbances.
Dosage: 75-150 mg/day
Supply: Cap 37.5 mg, 75 mg
Duloxetine HClCymbalta (OCYMB)
Indication: Major depressive disorder

MAOIs. Uncontrolled narrow-angle glaucoma
Adverse effect: Nausea, dry mouth, constipation,
diarrhea, vomiting, decreaed appetite, wt loss, fatigue,
dizziness, somnolence, tremor, increased sweating, hot
ushes, blurred vision, insomnia, anxiety, sexual
dysfunction. Rarely, urinary hesitancy.
Dosage: 40-60 mg/day in divided doses (i.e. 20 or 30 mg
bid), or as a single daily dose of 60 mg
Supply: Cap 30 mg
28:16.04.20 Selective Serotonin-reuptake Inhibitors
Paroxetine-Setine (OSETI) Seroxat (OSERX)
Indication: Paroxetine is an antidepressant agent, which

selectively inhibits serotonin uptake. Paroxetine is
effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder,
being comparable in efcacy to amitriptyline and
mianserin; paroxetine is also effective for obsessive-
146 - - 147 - -
compulsive disorder and panic disorder.
Place in therapy: A more favorable adverse effect prole
as compared to tricyclic antidepressants has been
observed in several studies. Paroxetine may have a
faster onset of action than uoxetine; however, both
agents are equal in efcacy after six weeks of therapy.
No difference between response rates of the different
drugs was noted.
Contraindication: Concurrent use of monoamine
oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs.
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of paroxetine are
nausea, sedation, headache, dry mouth, dizziness,
insomnia, diaphoresis, and constipation; cardiovascular
effects have been minimal, and less than those observed
with tricyclic antidepressants in most reports.
Dosage: Major depression: 20-50 mg PO QD; initial
doses of 10 mg, with a daily maximum of 40 mg are
recommended in severe renal insufciency, liver disease,
and in the elderly or debilitated; obsessive compulsive
disorder or panic disorder: 40 mg once daily.
Pharmacokinetics: The elimination half-life is
approximately 20 hours.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Sertraline Zoloft (OZOLO)You-Jet (OYOUJ)
Indication: Sertraline is an antidepressant with selective

inhibitory effects on presynaptic serotonin (5-HT)
reuptake. It is effective in the treatment of depression,
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder.
Place in therapy: Sertraline is unique among the
antidepressants because it seems to cause less of the
sedating, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular adverse
effects common to other agents, possibly due to its high
specicity for the serotonin receptor.
oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs. At least 2 weeks are
required after ceasing a MAO inhibitor and then begin the
drug, and vis versa.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dry mouth.
Dosage: Initial doses: 50 mg PO QD; maximum doses
200 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Fluoxetine HCI U-Zet (OUZET)Fluxen
(OFLUX)(
Indication: It is an antidepressant that is a specic inhibitor of

serotonin reuptake. It is as effective in the treatment of
depression as amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepin but with
lower degree of toxicity.
Contraindication: Use with cautions in patients with
renal or hepatic disease. The washout period between
use of uoxetine and MAOI is 5 weeks.
Adverse effect: Nausea, hypotension, headache,
anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, anorexia and
visual disturbances, weight loss.
Dosage: 20 to 80 mg/day, range from 5-60 mg/day has
been suggested.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Fluvoxamine-Lote (OLOTE5) (OLOTE)
Fluvoxin(OFLUV) (
Indication: Treatment of symptoms of depressive illness.

Contraindication: Concomitant or within 2 weeks of
MAOI therapy
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, headache,
malaise, palpitations, tachycardia, raised hepatic enzyme
levels, dry mouth, GI & nervous system disturbances,
dizziness, sweating, and hyponatremia.
Dosage: 100-200 mg daily. Max 300 mg.
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Lote; Fluvoxin), 100 mg (Lote)
Escitalopram-Lexapro(OLEXA)
Indication: Treatment of major depressive episodes.

Treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia;
social anxiety disorder (social phobia); generalized
anxiety disorder.
146 - - 147 - -
compulsive disorder and panic disorder.
Place in therapy: A more favorable adverse effect prole
as compared to tricyclic antidepressants has been
observed in several studies. Paroxetine may have a
faster onset of action than uoxetine; however, both
agents are equal in efcacy after six weeks of therapy.
No difference between response rates of the different
drugs was noted.
oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs.
Adverse effect: The adverse effects of paroxetine are
nausea, sedation, headache, dry mouth, dizziness,
insomnia, diaphoresis, and constipation; cardiovascular
effects have been minimal, and less than those observed
with tricyclic antidepressants in most reports.
Dosage: Major depression: 20-50 mg PO QD; initial
doses of 10 mg, with a daily maximum of 40 mg are
recommended in severe renal insufciency, liver disease,
and in the elderly or debilitated; obsessive compulsive
disorder or panic disorder: 40 mg once daily.
Pharmacokinetics: The elimination half-life is
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Sertraline Zoloft (OZOLO)You-Jet (OYOUJ)
Indication: Sertraline is an antidepressant with selective

inhibitory effects on presynaptic serotonin (5-HT)
reuptake. It is effective in the treatment of depression,
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and panic disorder.
Place in therapy: Sertraline is unique among the
antidepressants because it seems to cause less of the
sedating, anticholinergic, and cardiovascular adverse
effects common to other agents, possibly due to its high
specicity for the serotonin receptor.
oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) drugs. At least 2 weeks are
required after ceasing a MAO inhibitor and then begin the
drug, and vis versa.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and dry mouth.
Dosage: Initial doses: 50 mg PO QD; maximum doses
200 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Fluoxetine HCI U-Zet (OUZET)Fluxen
(OFLUX)(
Indication: It is an antidepressant that is a specic inhibitor of

serotonin reuptake. It is as effective in the treatment of
depression as amitriptyline, imipramine and doxepin but with
lower degree of toxicity.
Contraindication: Use with cautions in patients with
renal or hepatic disease. The washout period between
use of uoxetine and MAOI is 5 weeks.
Adverse effect: Nausea, hypotension, headache,
anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, anorexia and
visual disturbances, weight loss.
Dosage: 20 to 80 mg/day, range from 5-60 mg/day has
been suggested.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
Fluvoxamine-Lote (OLOTE5) (OLOTE)
Fluvoxin(OFLUV) (
Indication: Treatment of symptoms of depressive illness.

Contraindication: Concomitant or within 2 weeks of
MAOI therapy
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, asthenia, headache,
malaise, palpitations, tachycardia, raised hepatic enzyme
levels, dry mouth, GI & nervous system disturbances,
dizziness, sweating, and hyponatremia.
Dosage: 100-200 mg daily. Max 300 mg.
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Lote; Fluvoxin), 100 mg (Lote)
Escitalopram-Lexapro(OLEXA)
Indication: Treatment of major depressive episodes.

Treatment of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia;
social anxiety disorder (social phobia); generalized
anxiety disorder.
148 - - 149 - -
Contraindication: Concomitant treatment with
nonselective, irreversible MAOIs.
Adverse effect: Appetite decreased, libido decreased,
anorgasmia (female), insomnia, somnolence, dizziness,
sinusitis, yawning, nausea, diarrhea, constipation,
sweating increased, ejaculation disorder, impotence,
fatigue, pyrexia.
Dosage: 10 mg once daily. Max 20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Citalopram Ultidep(OULTI)
Kitapram (OKITA)
Indication: Depressive illness, panic disorder.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions including rash,
anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, anorexia with weight
loss or increased appetite with weight gain, asthenia, GI
disturbances, somnolence, tremor, pharyngitis, sweating,
impotence, abnormal ejaculation, mania or hypomania.
Dosage: Adultinitially 20 mg once daily; dosage may
be gradually increased if necessary to max 60 mg daily.
ElderlyMax 40 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
28:16.04.24 Serotonin Modulators
Trazodone HCI-Trazo (OTRAZ5)(OTRAZ)
Mesyrel(OMESY)
Indication: Trazodone is used primarily in the treatment

of mental depression or depression/anxiety disorder.
Place in therapy: Trazodone may be safely combined
with MAOIs for refractory depression. Disadvantages of
trazodone include a high incidence of priapism, orthostatic
hypotension, and induction or exacerbation of atrial and
ventricular arrhythmias. However, compared with the TCAs,
trazodone is still considered less cardiotoxic.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to trazodone;
carcinoid syndrome. Trazodone is not recommended for
use during initial recovery phase of myocardial infarction.
Adverse effect: Trazodone has a low incidence of
anticholinergic effects and cardiovascular effects.
Adverse effects include ventricular arrhythmias,
hypotension, heart block, drowsinness, weight gain,
blurred vision, dizziness, and priapism.
Dosage: 50-600 mg daily, usually response range
between 100-300 mg daily in single or divided dose.
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Trazo, Mesyrel), 100 mg (Trazo)
28:16.04.28 Tricyclics and Other
Imipramine HCI Tofranil (OTOFR)
Indication: Depression, especially endogenous

depression and childhood enuresis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to imipramine or
other benzodiazepines; wait at least 14 days after
discontinuing MAO inhibitors before initiating imipramine
therapy, myocardial infarction during acute recovery phase.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, tachycardia, congestive
heart failure, mydriasis, convulsion, hypotension,
confusion, dry mouth, bone marrow depression, nausea,
vomiting.
Dosage: Adults: PO 75mg/day to start, followed by up to
200mg/day if needed, usual maintenance dose:
50-150mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Maprotiline HCI Ludiomil (OLUDI)
Indication: Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant. It

is used in the treatment of depressive affective (mood)
disorder including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis)
and major depression. It is also used for the
depressive phase of bipolar disorder.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, sedation, vertigo, blurred
vision, and urinary retention. Other adverse reactions
have included skin rashes, seizures, myoclonus, mania,
and hallucinations.
148 - - 149 - -
Contraindication: Concomitant treatment with
nonselective, irreversible MAOIs.
Adverse effect: Appetite decreased, libido decreased,
anorgasmia (female), insomnia, somnolence, dizziness,
sinusitis, yawning, nausea, diarrhea, constipation,
sweating increased, ejaculation disorder, impotence,
fatigue, pyrexia.
Dosage: 10 mg once daily. Max 20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Citalopram Ultidep(OULTI)
Kitapram (OKITA)
Indication: Depressive illness, panic disorder.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions including rash,
anxiety, nervousness, insomnia, anorexia with weight
loss or increased appetite with weight gain, asthenia, GI
disturbances, somnolence, tremor, pharyngitis, sweating,
impotence, abnormal ejaculation, mania or hypomania.
Dosage: Adultinitially 20 mg once daily; dosage may
be gradually increased if necessary to max 60 mg daily.
ElderlyMax 40 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 20 mg
28:16.04.24 Serotonin Modulators
Trazodone HCI-Trazo (OTRAZ5)(OTRAZ)
Mesyrel(OMESY)
Indication: Trazodone is used primarily in the treatment

of mental depression or depression/anxiety disorder.
Place in therapy: Trazodone may be safely combined
with MAOIs for refractory depression. Disadvantages of
trazodone include a high incidence of priapism, orthostatic
hypotension, and induction or exacerbation of atrial and
ventricular arrhythmias. However, compared with the TCAs,
trazodone is still considered less cardiotoxic.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to trazodone;
carcinoid syndrome. Trazodone is not recommended for
use during initial recovery phase of myocardial infarction.
Adverse effect: Trazodone has a low incidence of
anticholinergic effects and cardiovascular effects.
Adverse effects include ventricular arrhythmias,
hypotension, heart block, drowsinness, weight gain,
blurred vision, dizziness, and priapism.
Dosage: 50-600 mg daily, usually response range
between 100-300 mg daily in single or divided dose.
Supply: Tab 50 mg (Trazo, Mesyrel), 100 mg (Trazo)
28:16.04.28 Tricyclics and Other
Imipramine HCI Tofranil (OTOFR)
Indication: Depression, especially endogenous

depression and childhood enuresis.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to imipramine or
other benzodiazepines; wait at least 14 days after
discontinuing MAO inhibitors before initiating imipramine
therapy, myocardial infarction during acute recovery phase.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, tachycardia, congestive
heart failure, mydriasis, convulsion, hypotension,
confusion, dry mouth, bone marrow depression, nausea,
vomiting.
Dosage: Adults: PO 75mg/day to start, followed by up to
200mg/day if needed, usual maintenance dose:
50-150mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Maprotiline HCI Ludiomil (OLUDI)
Indication: Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant. It

is used in the treatment of depressive affective (mood)
disorder including dysthymic disorder (depressive neurosis)
and major depression. It is also used for the
depressive phase of bipolar disorder.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, sedation, vertigo, blurred
vision, and urinary retention. Other adverse reactions
have included skin rashes, seizures, myoclonus, mania,
and hallucinations.
150 - - 151 - -
Dosage: Adults: PO 25-50 mg TID, doses above 300
mg/day are not recommended. Children (6-14 years old):
10 mg/day increased to maximum of 75 mg.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Doxepin Hydrochloride-Sinequan (OSINE)(
)
Indication: Depression, anxiety in psychoneurotic patients,
associated with alcoholism, organic disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, glaucoma, urinary
retention.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness,
confusion, disorientation, hallucination, dry mouth,
urinary retension, bone marrow depression, nausea,
vomiting, skin rash.
Dosage: Adult dose: 75 mg QN, adjust dosage until
optimal response is achieved, usual maintenance
dosage: 75-150 mg/day.
Supply: Cap 25 mg
28:16.04.92 Antidepressants, Miscellaneous
Bupropion-Wellbutrin SR(OWELL)
Zyban SR (OZYBA)(
Indication: Depression, Smoking cessation assistance.

Pharmacology: Bupropion is a selective inhibitor of the
neuronal re-uptake of catecholamines (noradrenaline
and dopamine) with minimal effect on the reuptake of
indolamines (serotonin), and does not inhibit monoamine
oxidase.
Pharmacokinetics: The absorption of bupropion is rapid.
Volume of distribution 19-21 L/kg; extensively
metabolized via liver to 3 active metabolites; protein
binding 82-88%; elimination half-life 219 hrs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bupropion
products, patients with a seizure disorder, patients
undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol or sedatives
(including benzodiazepines), prior or current diagnosis of
bulimia or anorexia, concomitant MAO inhibitor,
concomitant use of other bupropion products.
Adverse effect: Headache, xerostomia, nausea,
insomnia, tremor, dizziness, pharyngitis, agitation, anxiety,
nausea and vomiting, constipation.
Dosage: Depression: initial, Wellbutrin
SR 150mg
taken as a single daily dose. MAX 300mg/day. The
maximum single dose should not exceed 150 mg. Doses
greater than 150 mg/day should be taken as a twice daily
with an interval of at least 8 hours between successive
doses. Smoking cessation assistance: initial, Zyban
150
mg orally in the morning for 3 days, increasing to 150 mg
twice daily. Zyban
should be swallowed whole; do not

crush, chew, or divide. Wellbutrin
SR may be divided,
but not crushed or chewed.
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Mirtazapine-Remeron(OREME)
Indication: Episode of major depression

Precaution: Epilepsy, organic brain syndrome, hepatic
or renal insufciency, cardiac disease, low BP, micturition
disturbances, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, increased
intraocular pressure, diabetes mellitus; pregnancy,
lactation. Patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic
disturbances. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Elderly. May
impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse effect: Increased appetite, weight gain;
drowsiness, rarely orthostatic hypotension, mania,
convulsions, tremor, myoclonus, oedema, acute bone
marrow depression, exanthema, elevated transaminase
levels.
Dosage: 15 or 30 mg daily at bedtime. Usual dose range
15-45 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 30 mg
150 - - 151 - -
Dosage: Adults: PO 25-50 mg TID, doses above 300
mg/day are not recommended. Children (6-14 years old):
10 mg/day increased to maximum of 75 mg.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
Doxepin Hydrochloride-Sinequan (OSINE)(
)
Indication: Depression, anxiety in psychoneurotic patients,
associated with alcoholism, organic disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, glaucoma, urinary
retention.
Adverse effect: Hypotension, tachycardia, drowsiness,
confusion, disorientation, hallucination, dry mouth,
urinary retension, bone marrow depression, nausea,
vomiting, skin rash.
Dosage: Adult dose: 75 mg QN, adjust dosage until
optimal response is achieved, usual maintenance
dosage: 75-150 mg/day.
Supply: Cap 25 mg
28:16.04.92 Antidepressants, Miscellaneous
Bupropion-Wellbutrin SR(OWELL)
Zyban SR (OZYBA)(
Indication: Depression, Smoking cessation assistance.

Pharmacology: Bupropion is a selective inhibitor of the
neuronal re-uptake of catecholamines (noradrenaline
and dopamine) with minimal effect on the reuptake of
indolamines (serotonin), and does not inhibit monoamine
oxidase.
Pharmacokinetics: The absorption of bupropion is rapid.
Volume of distribution 19-21 L/kg; extensively
metabolized via liver to 3 active metabolites; protein
binding 82-88%; elimination half-life 219 hrs.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to bupropion
products, patients with a seizure disorder, patients
undergoing abrupt discontinuation of alcohol or sedatives
(including benzodiazepines), prior or current diagnosis of
bulimia or anorexia, concomitant MAO inhibitor,
concomitant use of other bupropion products.
Adverse effect: Headache, xerostomia, nausea,
insomnia, tremor, dizziness, pharyngitis, agitation, anxiety,
nausea and vomiting, constipation.
Dosage: Depression: initial, Wellbutrin
SR 150mg
taken as a single daily dose. MAX 300mg/day. The
maximum single dose should not exceed 150 mg. Doses
greater than 150 mg/day should be taken as a twice daily
with an interval of at least 8 hours between successive
doses. Smoking cessation assistance: initial, Zyban
150
mg orally in the morning for 3 days, increasing to 150 mg
twice daily. Zyban
should be swallowed whole; do not

crush, chew, or divide. Wellbutrin
SR may be divided,
but not crushed or chewed.
Supply: Tab 150 mg
Mirtazapine-Remeron(OREME)
Indication: Episode of major depression

Precaution: Epilepsy, organic brain syndrome, hepatic
or renal insufciency, cardiac disease, low BP, micturition
disturbances, acute narrow-angle glaucoma, increased
intraocular pressure, diabetes mellitus; pregnancy,
lactation. Patients with schizophrenia or other psychotic
disturbances. Avoid abrupt withdrawal. Elderly. May
impair ability to drive or operate machinery.
Adverse effect: Increased appetite, weight gain;
drowsiness, rarely orthostatic hypotension, mania,
convulsions, tremor, myoclonus, oedema, acute bone
marrow depression, exanthema, elevated transaminase
levels.
Dosage: 15 or 30 mg daily at bedtime. Usual dose range
15-45 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 30 mg
152 - - 153 - -
28:16.08 Antipsychotics
28:16.08.04 Atypical Antipsychotics
Clozapine Clopine (OCLOZ1)
Uspen(OUSPE) Clozaril (OCLOZ)
Indication: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent

and a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine derivative.
Place in therapy: The drug has demonstrated efcacy in
the therapy of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients.
Because of the higher risk of agranulocytosis, clozapine
should be reserved for those treatment-resistant patients
who have not responded to adequate trials of other
antipsychotic agents.
Contraindication: Myeloproliferative disorders,
uncontrolled epilepsy, central nervous system depression,
comatose state, and a history of clozapine-induced
agranulocytosis
sedation, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, and
sialorrhea. Agranulocytosis is a serious adverse effect of
clozapine; white blood cell counts should be monitored
weekly for 6 months and every other week thereafter.
Dosage: Adults: 300-600 mg/day; 50-900 mg/day have
also been effective; Withdrawal schedule: Gradually
reduce the dose over a 1-2 week period.
Children: Safety and effectiveness for use in children has
not been established. But for 12-17 y/o as an initial dose
of 12.5 -25 mg/day and increased every 4 days by one or
two times the starting dose has been reported.
Pharmacokinetics: Schizophrenia, Oral: 3 months
Supply: Tab 25 mg (Clozaril), 100 mg (Clopine, Uspen)
Risperidone Risperdal (ORIS1)(ORIS2)
(BRISP) (IRISP) Risdon (ORISD)
Indication: Risperidone is indicated for the management

of the manifestations of psychotic disorders.
Place in therapy: In contrast to conventional
neuroleptics, risperidone acts mainly as dopamine
antagonists, and blocks both 5-HT2 and dopamine D2
receptors. It may be less likely to cause extrapyramidal
symptoms and tardive dyskinesias than other
antipsychotics.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to risperidone
hyperpro-lactinemia, children and adolescents
Adverse effect: Sedation is the most prominent adverse
effect; other infrequent effects include headache, dry
mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention.
Palpitations, nervousness, and lumbalgia have also been
reported.
Dosage: Psychotic disorders: 4-8 mg/day PO beginning
with 1 mg BID initially, with increases in increments of 1
mg BID on the second and third day, as tolerated, to a
target dose of 3 mg BID by the third day. 25 mg IM every
2 weeks. Some patients may benet from higher doses of
37.5 mg or 50 mg.
Pharmacokinetics: It has peak plasma concentration of
1-2 hours after administration.
Supply: Tab 1 mg (Risperdal), 2 mg (Risperdal, Risdon);
Soln 1 mg/ml (Risperdal), 30 ml/bot; Inj 25 mg/vial
(Risperdal)
Paliperidone Invega(OINVE3)
Indication: Acute and maintenance treatment of

sckizophrenia
Place in therapy: Paliperidone is also active as an
antagonist at alpha-1 and 2 adrenergic receptors and
H1 histaminergic receptors, which may explain some of
the other effects of the drug.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to paliperidone,
risperidone or any compents in Invega formulation
Adverse effect: Somnolence, orthostatic hypotension,
salivary hypersecretion, akathisia, systonia, systonia,
extrapyramidal disorder, hypertonis and Pakinsonism.
Dosage: 6 mg/day with increases of 3 mg/day at
152 - - 153 - -
28:16.08 Antipsychotics
28:16.08.04 Atypical Antipsychotics
Clozapine Clopine (OCLOZ1)
Uspen(OUSPE) Clozaril (OCLOZ)
Indication: Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic agent

and a tricyclic dibenzodiazepine derivative.
Place in therapy: The drug has demonstrated efcacy in
the therapy of treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients.
Because of the higher risk of agranulocytosis, clozapine
should be reserved for those treatment-resistant patients
who have not responded to adequate trials of other
antipsychotic agents.
Contraindication: Myeloproliferative disorders,
uncontrolled epilepsy, central nervous system depression,
comatose state, and a history of clozapine-induced
agranulocytosis
sedation, dry mouth, nausea, constipation, and
sialorrhea. Agranulocytosis is a serious adverse effect of
clozapine; white blood cell counts should be monitored
weekly for 6 months and every other week thereafter.
Dosage: Adults: 300-600 mg/day; 50-900 mg/day have
also been effective; Withdrawal schedule: Gradually
reduce the dose over a 1-2 week period.
Children: Safety and effectiveness for use in children has
not been established. But for 12-17 y/o as an initial dose
of 12.5 -25 mg/day and increased every 4 days by one or
two times the starting dose has been reported.
Pharmacokinetics: Schizophrenia, Oral: 3 months
Supply: Tab 25 mg (Clozaril), 100 mg (Clopine, Uspen)
Risperidone Risperdal (ORIS1)(ORIS2)
(BRISP) (IRISP) Risdon (ORISD)
Indication: Risperidone is indicated for the management

of the manifestations of psychotic disorders.
Place in therapy: In contrast to conventional
neuroleptics, risperidone acts mainly as dopamine
antagonists, and blocks both 5-HT2 and dopamine D2
receptors. It may be less likely to cause extrapyramidal
symptoms and tardive dyskinesias than other
antipsychotics.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to risperidone
Adverse effect: Sedation is the most prominent adverse
effect; other infrequent effects include headache, dry
mouth, constipation, blurred vision, and urinary retention.
Palpitations, nervousness, and lumbalgia have also been
reported.
Dosage: Psychotic disorders: 4-8 mg/day PO beginning
with 1 mg BID initially, with increases in increments of 1
mg BID on the second and third day, as tolerated, to a
target dose of 3 mg BID by the third day. 25 mg IM every
2 weeks. Some patients may benet from higher doses of
37.5 mg or 50 mg.
Pharmacokinetics: It has peak plasma concentration of
1-2 hours after administration.
Supply: Tab 1 mg (Risperdal), 2 mg (Risperdal, Risdon);
Soln 1 mg/ml (Risperdal), 30 ml/bot; Inj 25 mg/vial
(Risperdal)
Paliperidone Invega(OINVE3)
Indication: Acute and maintenance treatment of

sckizophrenia
Place in therapy: Paliperidone is also active as an
antagonist at alpha-1 and 2 adrenergic receptors and
H1 histaminergic receptors, which may explain some of
the other effects of the drug.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to paliperidone,
risperidone or any compents in Invega formulation
Adverse effect: Somnolence, orthostatic hypotension,
salivary hypersecretion, akathisia, systonia, systonia,
extrapyramidal disorder, hypertonis and Pakinsonism.
Dosage: 6 mg/day with increases of 3 mg/day at
154 - - 155 - -
intervals of at least 5 days, to a maximum of 12 mg/day.
Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics are
dose-proportional within the recommended clinical dose
range (3-12 mg). The plasma conc. of paliperidone
gradually rise to reach peak plasma conc (Cmax)
approximately 24 hr after dosing. The terminal
elimination half-life of paliperidone is approximately 23 hr.
Supply: Tab 3 mg
Zotepine Lodopin (OLODO)
Indication: Schizophrenia
Pharmacology: Zotepine is thought to act by blocking
both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor sub-types. It also
blocks four serotonin receptor sub-types, histamine-H1
receptors and is a potent inhibitor of nor-adrenaline
reuptake.
Pharmacokinetics: Oral bioavilability: 7-13%, it
undergoes extensive rs-pass metabolism. One major
metabolite, norzotepine, has some pharmacological
activity. Both zotepine and its metabolites are excreted
via the bile and feces. Protein binding: 97%, the
elimination half-life is about 15 hours.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to zotepine,
phenothiazines, or thioxanthenes; acute alcohol, opiate,
sedative-hypnotic, or psychotropic drug intoxication;
patient with coma or circulatory collapse, impaired
hematopoiesis, children, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
Zotepine can prolong the QT interval and patients with
pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval should not be
given the drug.
Adverse effect: Sleepiness, weak-ness/malaise,
insomnia, headache, oral dryness, constipation,
dizziness, weight gain.
Dosage: Initial: 25 mg three times daily, MAX 450
mg/day. Doses should also be reduced in patients with
hepatic or renal impairment.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Quetiapine Seroquel (OSERQ)(OSER2)
Utapine(OUTAP)
Indication: Schizophrenia, manic episodes associated

with bipolar disorder.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to quetiapine
fumarate or any component of the product
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, abdominal pain,
back pain, fever, chest pain, postural hypotension,
tachycardia, hypertension, constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, diarrhoea, weight gain.
Dosage: Schizophrenia: total daily dose50 mg (Day 1),
100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3), 300 mg (Day 4). From
Day 4 onwards, dose titrated to dose range of 300-450
mg/day. Dose may be adjusted within the range 150-750
mg/day. Mainic episodes associated bipolar disorder: as
monotherapy of as adjunct therapy to mood stabilizers,
total daily dose: 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg
(Day 3), 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up
to 800 mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of no
>200 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 100 mg (Seroquel), 200 mg (Seroquel, Utapine)
Olanzapine-Zyprexa(OZYPR)
Indication: Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of

schizophrenia. Olanzapine is effective in maintaining the
clinical improvement during continuation therapy in
patients who have shown an initial treatment response.
Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to
severe manic episode. In patients whose manic episode
has responded to olanzapine treatment, olanzapine is
indicated for the prevention of recurrence in patients with
bipolar disorder.
Contraindication: Narrow-angle glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Somnolence, weight gain, dizziness,
akathisia, Parkinsonism, dyskinesia, increased appetite,
elevated glucose & triglyceride levels, asthenia, edema,
orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation,
eosinophilia, elevated prolactin levels (but clinical
154 - - 155 - -
intervals of at least 5 days, to a maximum of 12 mg/day.
Pharmacokinetics: The pharmacokinetics are
dose-proportional within the recommended clinical dose
range (3-12 mg). The plasma conc. of paliperidone
gradually rise to reach peak plasma conc (Cmax)
approximately 24 hr after dosing. The terminal
elimination half-life of paliperidone is approximately 23 hr.
Supply: Tab 3 mg
Zotepine Lodopin (OLODO)
Indication: Schizophrenia
Pharmacology: Zotepine is thought to act by blocking
both dopamine D1 and D2 receptor sub-types. It also
blocks four serotonin receptor sub-types, histamine-H1
receptors and is a potent inhibitor of nor-adrenaline
reuptake.
Pharmacokinetics: Oral bioavilability: 7-13%, it
undergoes extensive rs-pass metabolism. One major
metabolite, norzotepine, has some pharmacological
activity. Both zotepine and its metabolites are excreted
via the bile and feces. Protein binding: 97%, the
elimination half-life is about 15 hours.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to zotepine,
phenothiazines, or thioxanthenes; acute alcohol, opiate,
sedative-hypnotic, or psychotropic drug intoxication;
patient with coma or circulatory collapse, impaired
hematopoiesis, children, pregnancy, breastfeeding.
Zotepine can prolong the QT interval and patients with
pre-existing prolongation of the QT interval should not be
given the drug.
Adverse effect: Sleepiness, weak-ness/malaise,
insomnia, headache, oral dryness, constipation,
dizziness, weight gain.
Dosage: Initial: 25 mg three times daily, MAX 450
mg/day. Doses should also be reduced in patients with
hepatic or renal impairment.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Quetiapine Seroquel (OSERQ)(OSER2)
Utapine(OUTAP)
Indication: Schizophrenia, manic episodes associated

with bipolar disorder.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to quetiapine
fumarate or any component of the product
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, abdominal pain,
back pain, fever, chest pain, postural hypotension,
tachycardia, hypertension, constipation, dry mouth,
dyspepsia, diarrhoea, weight gain.
Dosage: Schizophrenia: total daily dose50 mg (Day 1),
100 mg (Day 2), 200 mg (Day 3), 300 mg (Day 4). From
Day 4 onwards, dose titrated to dose range of 300-450
mg/day. Dose may be adjusted within the range 150-750
mg/day. Mainic episodes associated bipolar disorder: as
monotherapy of as adjunct therapy to mood stabilizers,
total daily dose: 100 mg (Day 1), 200 mg (Day 2), 300 mg
(Day 3), 400 mg (Day 4). Further dosage adjustments up
to 800 mg/day by Day 6 should be in increments of no
>200 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 100 mg (Seroquel), 200 mg (Seroquel, Utapine)
Olanzapine-Zyprexa(OZYPR)
Indication: Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of

schizophrenia. Olanzapine is effective in maintaining the
clinical improvement during continuation therapy in
patients who have shown an initial treatment response.
Olanzapine is indicated for the treatment of moderate to
severe manic episode. In patients whose manic episode
has responded to olanzapine treatment, olanzapine is
indicated for the prevention of recurrence in patients with
bipolar disorder.
Adverse effect: Somnolence, weight gain, dizziness,
akathisia, Parkinsonism, dyskinesia, increased appetite,
elevated glucose & triglyceride levels, asthenia, edema,
orthostatic hypotension, dry mouth, constipation,
eosinophilia, elevated prolactin levels (but clinical
156 - - 157 - -
manifestations rare). May affect ability to operate
machinery or drive motor vehicles.
Dosage: 5-20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Ziprasidone-Geodon(OGEO6)
Indication: Management of schizophrenia and acute

bipolar mania.
Contraindication: QT-interval prolongation, acute MI,
uncompensated heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
requiring treatment with Class I & II antiarrhythmic drugs.
Adverse effect: Asthenia, extrapyramidal syndrome,
nausea, somnolence, respiratory disorder.
Dosage: 40 mg BID. Max 80 mg BID.
Supply: Cap 60 mg
Aripiprazole-Otsuka(OABIL)(
Indication: Schizophrenia; acute manic & mixed

episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, accidental injury,
peripheral edema, hypertension, GI disturbances,
myalgia, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, lightheadedness,
somnolence, akathisia, extrapyramidal syndrome, tremor,
increased salivation, rhinitis, pharyngitis, coughing,
blurred vision.
Dosage: 10-30 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Amisulpride-Solian(OSOLI)
Indication: Treatment of acute & chronic schizophrenia.
Contraindication: Phaeochromocytoma, concomitant
prolactin-dependent tumours, children < 15 years, lactation.
Adverse effect: Sedation or somnolence at high doses,
elderly dyskinesia, extrapyramidal symptom, tardive
dyskinesia, change in libido, amenorrhoea,
galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, hyperprolactinaemia,
weitht gain. Rarely, postural hypotensin at high doses.
Dosage: 400-800 mg/day in divided doses, adjusted
according to response. Max 1200 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
28:16.08.08 Butyrophenones
Haloperidol-Haldol(IBINI)(OHAL5)U-Dolan (IUDOL)
Indication: Antidyskinetic (in Gilles de la Tourettes

disease), antipsychotic. Depot injection is for the
maintenance treatment of psychosis.
Contraindication: Patient with severe toxic CNS
depression or comatose states; Parkinsoms disease;
hypersensitivity to haloperidol
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal reaction, tachycardia,
hypotension, leukopenia, maculopapular and acne form
skin reactions, anorexia, constipation.
Dosage: Adults: PO 0.5-2 mg BID or TID; for severe
symptoms 3-5 mg BID or TID, up to a maximum of 100
mg/day; for prompt control of moderate to severe
symptoms, IM 2-5 mg Q1-8H. For Depot injection: IM
50-100 mg and 150-200 mg every 4 weeks is sufcient
for mild and moderate conditions, higher dose 250-300
mg for severe case is required.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp, 50 mg/ml/amp; Tab 5 mg
28:16.08.24 Phenothiazines

Chlorpromazine HCI-Wintermin (OWIN1)
Indication: Treatment of Schizophrenia, acute

psychoses and to control the manifestations of acute
mania, moderate to severe agitation, hyperactivity or
aggressiveness in disturbed children, pre-operative
medication, intractable hiccups.
Contraindication: Patient with comatose states, bone
marrow depression, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines,
jaundice, hepatic damage.
Adverse effect: CNS depression, somnolence,
hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, agitation,
restlessness, convulsion, fever, dry mouth.
156 - - 157 - -
manifestations rare). May affect ability to operate
machinery or drive motor vehicles.
Dosage: 5-20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Ziprasidone-Geodon(OGEO6)
Indication: Management of schizophrenia and acute

bipolar mania.
Contraindication: QT-interval prolongation, acute MI,
uncompensated heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias
requiring treatment with Class I & II antiarrhythmic drugs.
Adverse effect: Asthenia, extrapyramidal syndrome,
nausea, somnolence, respiratory disorder.
Dosage: 40 mg BID. Max 80 mg BID.
Supply: Cap 60 mg
Aripiprazole-Otsuka(OABIL)(
Indication: Schizophrenia; acute manic & mixed

episodes associated with bipolar disorder.
Adverse effect: Headache, asthenia, accidental injury,
peripheral edema, hypertension, GI disturbances,
myalgia, agitation, anxiety, insomnia, lightheadedness,
somnolence, akathisia, extrapyramidal syndrome, tremor,
increased salivation, rhinitis, pharyngitis, coughing,
blurred vision.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Amisulpride-Solian(OSOLI)
Indication: Treatment of acute & chronic schizophrenia.
Contraindication: Phaeochromocytoma, concomitant
prolactin-dependent tumours, children < 15 years, lactation.
Adverse effect: Sedation or somnolence at high doses,
elderly dyskinesia, extrapyramidal symptom, tardive
dyskinesia, change in libido, amenorrhoea,
galactorrhoea, gynaecomastia, hyperprolactinaemia,
weitht gain. Rarely, postural hypotensin at high doses.
Dosage: 400-800 mg/day in divided doses, adjusted
according to response. Max 1200 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
28:16.08.08 Butyrophenones
Haloperidol-Haldol(IBINI)(OHAL5)U-Dolan (IUDOL)
Indication: Antidyskinetic (in Gilles de la Tourettes

disease), antipsychotic. Depot injection is for the
maintenance treatment of psychosis.
Contraindication: Patient with severe toxic CNS
depression or comatose states; Parkinsoms disease;
hypersensitivity to haloperidol
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal reaction, tachycardia,
hypotension, leukopenia, maculopapular and acne form
skin reactions, anorexia, constipation.
Dosage: Adults: PO 0.5-2 mg BID or TID; for severe
symptoms 3-5 mg BID or TID, up to a maximum of 100
mg/day; for prompt control of moderate to severe
symptoms, IM 2-5 mg Q1-8H. For Depot injection: IM
50-100 mg and 150-200 mg every 4 weeks is sufcient
for mild and moderate conditions, higher dose 250-300
mg for severe case is required.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp, 50 mg/ml/amp; Tab 5 mg
28:16.08.24 Phenothiazines

Chlorpromazine HCI-Wintermin (OWIN1)
Indication: Treatment of Schizophrenia, acute

psychoses and to control the manifestations of acute
mania, moderate to severe agitation, hyperactivity or
aggressiveness in disturbed children, pre-operative
medication, intractable hiccups.
Contraindication: Patient with comatose states, bone
marrow depression, hypersensitivity to phenothiazines,
jaundice, hepatic damage.
Adverse effect: CNS depression, somnolence,
hypotension, extrapyramidal symptoms, agitation,
restlessness, convulsion, fever, dry mouth.
158 - - 159 - -
Dosage: Adults: PO 10 mg TID-QID, or 25 mg BID or
TID. Children: PO 0.5 mg/kg Q4-6H as needed;
maximum dose: 1 g/day
Supply: Tab 100 mg
28:16.08.92 Antipsychotics, Miscellaneous
Flupenthixol -Fluanxol (OFLUA)(IFLUA)
Indication: Anxiety, behavior disorders, schizophrenia.

Contraindication: Comatose patients, particularly those
under the inuence of alcohol, barbiturate, narcotics or
other CNS depression, and in patients with bone marrow
depression.
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal symptom, restlessness,
insomnia, depressive reaction, urinary incontinence,
weight gain.
Dosage: Adults: PO 0.5-2 mg/day for depression, 16-224
mg/day for acute psychosis; IM 10 mg/month to 100
mg/week. Children: PO 0.4-2 mg/day for 6 months has
been used in psychotic/aggressive children

Clothiapine Etumine(OETUM)
Indication: Acute schizophrenia or exacerbations of
chronic schizophrenia; Manic-depressive psychosis,
endogeneous and reactive manic phase of
manic-depressive illness; sleep disorders.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines;
comatose states; concomitant use of large quantities of
central nervous system depressants; epilepsy;
pregnancy; breastfeeding
Adverse effect: Common adverse effects include fatigue,
drowsiness, tremor, constipation, tardive dyskinesia,
extrapyramidal effects and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Pharmacokinetics: Clothiapine is extensively
metabolized and a major portion is excreted in the urine.
Dosage: Psychosis: 120-200 mg (initial), 20-160 mg QD
or TID (maintenance). Neurosis: 20-120 mg QD or TID.
Sleep disorders: 20-40 mg before retiring.
Supply: Tab 40mg
Sulpiride- Sulmatyl(OSULM) Betamac (OSUL2)
Indication: Sulpiride is a selective dopamine D2
antagonist with antipsychotic and antidepressant activity.
It is used for tranquillization, antipsychotic, mood
elevating, antiemetic, anti-gastrin secretion.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, phaeochromocytoma,
hypertension
Adverse effect: Predominant adverse effects have been
extra-pyramidal reactions and sedation. Tardive
dyskinesia has been reported; similar to other
neuroleptics, sulpiride has been associated with
neuroleptic malignant syndrome and cholestatic jaundice.
Other adverse effects are sleep disturbances,
over-stimulation, and agitation.
Dosage: Schizophrenia: PO, initial: 200-400 mg BID,
ranging from 200-3200 mg daily. Children: 3-5mg/kg
Gastric and duodenal ulcers: 150-300mg daily
Supply: Tab 50mg (Sulmatyl), 200mg (Betamac)
28:20 Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory
and Cerebral Stimulants
28:20.92 Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and
Cerebral Stimulants, Miscellaneous
Methylphenidate HCI-Concerta(OCON18)
(OCON3)
Indication: Treatment of attention decit hyperactivity

disorder.
Contraindication: Patients with marked anxiety, tension
& agitation, glaucoma, Tourettes syndrome, & patients
on MAOI therapy.
Adverse effect: Headache, stomach ache, loss of
appetite, insomnia, aggravation reaction, asthenia,
hypertension, nausea &/or vomiting, dyspepsia, weight
158 - - 159 - -
Dosage: Adults: PO 10 mg TID-QID, or 25 mg BID or
TID. Children: PO 0.5 mg/kg Q4-6H as needed;
maximum dose: 1 g/day
Supply: Tab 100 mg
28:16.08.92 Antipsychotics, Miscellaneous
Flupenthixol -Fluanxol (OFLUA)(IFLUA)
Indication: Anxiety, behavior disorders, schizophrenia.

Contraindication: Comatose patients, particularly those
under the inuence of alcohol, barbiturate, narcotics or
other CNS depression, and in patients with bone marrow
depression.
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal symptom, restlessness,
insomnia, depressive reaction, urinary incontinence,
weight gain.
Dosage: Adults: PO 0.5-2 mg/day for depression, 16-224
mg/day for acute psychosis; IM 10 mg/month to 100
mg/week. Children: PO 0.4-2 mg/day for 6 months has
been used in psychotic/aggressive children

Clothiapine Etumine(OETUM)
Indication: Acute schizophrenia or exacerbations of
chronic schizophrenia; Manic-depressive psychosis,
endogeneous and reactive manic phase of
manic-depressive illness; sleep disorders.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to phenothiazines;
comatose states; concomitant use of large quantities of
central nervous system depressants; epilepsy;
pregnancy; breastfeeding
Adverse effect: Common adverse effects include fatigue,
drowsiness, tremor, constipation, tardive dyskinesia,
extrapyramidal effects and neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
Pharmacokinetics: Clothiapine is extensively
metabolized and a major portion is excreted in the urine.
Dosage: Psychosis: 120-200 mg (initial), 20-160 mg QD
or TID (maintenance). Neurosis: 20-120 mg QD or TID.
Sleep disorders: 20-40 mg before retiring.
Supply: Tab 40mg
Sulpiride- Sulmatyl(OSULM) Betamac (OSUL2)
Indication: Sulpiride is a selective dopamine D2
antagonist with antipsychotic and antidepressant activity.
It is used for tranquillization, antipsychotic, mood
elevating, antiemetic, anti-gastrin secretion.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, phaeochromocytoma,
hypertension
Adverse effect: Predominant adverse effects have been
extra-pyramidal reactions and sedation. Tardive
dyskinesia has been reported; similar to other
neuroleptics, sulpiride has been associated with
neuroleptic malignant syndrome and cholestatic jaundice.
Other adverse effects are sleep disturbances,
over-stimulation, and agitation.
Dosage: Schizophrenia: PO, initial: 200-400 mg BID,
ranging from 200-3200 mg daily. Children: 3-5mg/kg
Gastric and duodenal ulcers: 150-300mg daily
Supply: Tab 50mg (Sulmatyl), 200mg (Betamac)
28:20 Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory
and Cerebral Stimulants
28:20.92 Anorexigenic Agents and Respiratory and
Cerebral Stimulants, Miscellaneous
Methylphenidate HCI-Concerta(OCON18)
(OCON3)
Indication: Treatment of attention decit hyperactivity

disorder.
Contraindication: Patients with marked anxiety, tension
& agitation, glaucoma, Tourettes syndrome, & patients
on MAOI therapy.
Adverse effect: Headache, stomach ache, loss of
appetite, insomnia, aggravation reaction, asthenia,
hypertension, nausea &/or vomiting, dyspepsia, weight
160 - - 161 - -
loss, twitchingdizziness, emotional lability, somnolence,
anxiety, depression, nervousness, hostility, rash.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily in the morning.
Supply: Tab18 mg, 36 mg.
Sibutramine Reductil(OREDU)(
Indication: Supportive treatment within a weight

management program of patients with alimentary obesity
& a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, patients with
alimentary excess weitht & a BMI >27 kg/m2 or above
who have obesity-related risk factors like type 2 diabetes
or dyslipidaemia.
Contraindication: Obesity caused by organic
dysfunction, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa
or bulimia nervosa, mental illness, Gilles de la Tourettes
syndrome, coronary artery disease, CHF, tachycardia,
occlusive artery disease, heart rhythm disorder,
cerebrovascular disease, inadequately controlled high BP,
hyperthyroidism, severely impaired liver or kidney
function, benign prostatic hyperplasia,
phaeochromocytoma, narrow angle glaucoma,
pregnancy, lactation, children <18, elderly >65.
Cocomitant use of MAOIs or other CNS active drugs for
the treatment of mental disorders (such as
antidepressants or antipsychotics), for sleep disorders or
for weight reduction. Misuse of drugs, medicines or alcohol.
Adverse effect: Loss of appetite, constipation; dru
mouth, insomnia; tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension;
dizziness, paresthesia, headache, anxiety; sweating;
taste disturbances.
Dosage: 1 cap daily in the morning.
Supply: Cap 10 mg
28:24 Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics
Alprazolam-Xanax (OXANA)Gendergin (OGEND1)
Indication: Used for the management of anxiety disorder

or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. Long-
term use (more than 4 months) has not been evaluated.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle
glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Headache, insomnia, dizziness,
sleepiness, nervousness, tremor, syncope, confusion,
depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation,
seizure, delirium and withdrawal symptoms have occured
in some patients following rapid dosage reduction or
abrupt discontinuance of alprazolam.
Dosage: PO 0.5-4 mg daily BID or TID
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg (Xanax), 1 mg (Gendergin)
Bromazepam-Lexotan (OLEX1)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of anxiety

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, myasthenia gravis,
narrow-angle glaucoma
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are sedation,
drowsiness, hypotension, nausea and vomiting.
Dosage: 1.5-3 mg TID for outpatient therapy; 6-12 mg
BID to TID for severe cases.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg
Clobazam-Frisium (OFRIS)
Indication: Anxiety, psychosis.
Place in therapy: Clobazam is as effective as diazepam
in the treatment of anxiety neurosis; the drug has also
been effective in uncontrolled or refractory epilepsy,
catamenial epilepsy, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
tolerance to the antiepileptic effect appears to be a
problem.
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis, hypersensitive to
the 1.4-benzodiazepine.
Adverse effect: Sedation, drowsiness and hangover
effects; psychomotor performance impairment;
Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, toxic confusional
state, headache, mood changes and speech
160 - - 161 - -
loss, twitchingdizziness, emotional lability, somnolence,
anxiety, depression, nervousness, hostility, rash.
Dosage: 1 tab once daily in the morning.
Supply: Tab18 mg, 36 mg.
Sibutramine Reductil(OREDU)(
Indication: Supportive treatment within a weight

management program of patients with alimentary obesity
& a body mass index (BMI) >30 kg/m2, patients with
alimentary excess weitht & a BMI >27 kg/m2 or above
who have obesity-related risk factors like type 2 diabetes
or dyslipidaemia.
Contraindication: Obesity caused by organic
dysfunction, eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa
or bulimia nervosa, mental illness, Gilles de la Tourettes
syndrome, coronary artery disease, CHF, tachycardia,
occlusive artery disease, heart rhythm disorder,
cerebrovascular disease, inadequately controlled high BP,
hyperthyroidism, severely impaired liver or kidney
function, benign prostatic hyperplasia,
phaeochromocytoma, narrow angle glaucoma,
pregnancy, lactation, children <18, elderly >65.
Cocomitant use of MAOIs or other CNS active drugs for
the treatment of mental disorders (such as
antidepressants or antipsychotics), for sleep disorders or
for weight reduction. Misuse of drugs, medicines or alcohol.
Adverse effect: Loss of appetite, constipation; dru
mouth, insomnia; tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension;
dizziness, paresthesia, headache, anxiety; sweating;
taste disturbances.
Dosage: 1 cap daily in the morning.
Supply: Cap 10 mg
28:24 Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and Hypnotics
Alprazolam-Xanax (OXANA)Gendergin (OGEND1)
Indication: Used for the management of anxiety disorder

or for the short-term relief of symptoms of anxiety. Long-
term use (more than 4 months) has not been evaluated.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, narrow angle
glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Headache, insomnia, dizziness,
sleepiness, nervousness, tremor, syncope, confusion,
depression, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation,
seizure, delirium and withdrawal symptoms have occured
in some patients following rapid dosage reduction or
abrupt discontinuance of alprazolam.
Dosage: PO 0.5-4 mg daily BID or TID
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg (Xanax), 1 mg (Gendergin)
Bromazepam-Lexotan (OLEX1)
Indication: Symptomatic treatment of anxiety

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, myasthenia gravis,
narrow-angle glaucoma
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are sedation,
drowsiness, hypotension, nausea and vomiting.
Dosage: 1.5-3 mg TID for outpatient therapy; 6-12 mg
BID to TID for severe cases.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg
Clobazam-Frisium (OFRIS)
Indication: Anxiety, psychosis.
Place in therapy: Clobazam is as effective as diazepam
in the treatment of anxiety neurosis; the drug has also
been effective in uncontrolled or refractory epilepsy,
catamenial epilepsy, and alcohol withdrawal syndrome;
tolerance to the antiepileptic effect appears to be a
problem.
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis, hypersensitive to
the 1.4-benzodiazepine.
Adverse effect: Sedation, drowsiness and hangover
effects; psychomotor performance impairment;
Orthostatic hypotension and syncope, toxic confusional
state, headache, mood changes and speech
162 - - 163 - -
disturbances; dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, weight gain
and galactorrhea; withdrawal reactions have been reported.
Dosage: 20-30 mg daily, maintenance dose: 10 mg BID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Diazepam-Valium (IVALI)
Indication: Tension, anxiety, moderate to severe

psycho-neurotic state, acute alcohol withdrawal
syndrome, tetanus, convulsive disorders, preoperative
medication.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to diazepam, acute
narrow angle glaucoma, psychosis, shock, coma, alcohol
intoxication.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, depression, confusion,
fatigue, ataxia, hypoactivity, bradycardia, cardiovascular
collapse.
Dosage: Adults: 2-10 mg IM or IV, may repeat in 3-4 hrs
if need. Children: 0.04-0.3 mg/kg/dose IM or IV Q2-4H to
a MAX of 0.6 mg/kg within an 8-hr period if needed. Not
for use in children under 6 months of age.
Administration: Do not mix IV product with other
medications. To administer directly IV, inject slowly
through infusion tubing as close as possible to the vein
insertion. Because of the possibility of precipitation of
diazepam in IV uids and the instability of the drug in
plastic (PVC) bags and infusion tubing, IV infusion of
diazepam is not recommended.
Estazolam-Eurodin(OEURO)Eszo (OESZO)
Indication: Estazolam is used in the short-term treatment

of insomnia.
Contraindication: Contraindicated for use during
pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, palpitation,
arrhythmias, syncope, dizziness, headache, impaired
coordination, constipation, vomiting, arthritis, myalgia,
muscle spasm, anorexia
Dosage: Insomnia: a signle dose of 1-4 mg at bedtime.
Premedication: Preoperative night: a single dose of 1-2 mg
at bedtime. Preoperation: a single dose of 2-4 mg.
Smaller or older, debilitated patients: 0.5 mg initially.
Maximum dose: a single dose of 6 mg and daily dose of 8
mg.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
Fludiazepam-Erispan(OERIS)
Indication: Fludiazepam is a short acting
benzodiazepine with general properties similar to those
of diazepam. It is used to treat anxiety disorder.
Contraindication: Patients with narrow angle glaucoma,
myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: The adverse effects similar to those of
benzodiazepines: drowsiness, dizziness, and tiredness.
Other side effects include: GI symptoms, difcult in urine
voiding.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO TID
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
Flunitrazepam-Rohypnol (OROH1)
Indication: Flunitrazepam has been effective for

induction of general anesthesia, as an oral premedicant,
and in the treatment of insomnia; it may be useful for
anesthesia induction in patients with cardiac disease.
Place in therapy: Flunitrazepam should probably be
reserved as alternative for patients with
moderate-to-severe insomnia who do not respond to
other benzodiazepines. In these patients, higher doses
may be needed and residual effects tolerated.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to unitrazepam or
nitrazepam; use with caution in patient with myasthenia
gravis, pregnancy or the breast feeding period, severe
cardiovascular disease, elderly, hepatic or renal
insufciency,
Adverse effect: Residual sedation/psychomotor
impairment; headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal
162 - - 163 - -
disturbances; dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, weight gain
and galactorrhea; withdrawal reactions have been reported.
Dosage: 20-30 mg daily, maintenance dose: 10 mg BID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Diazepam-Valium (IVALI)
Indication: Tension, anxiety, moderate to severe

psycho-neurotic state, acute alcohol withdrawal
syndrome, tetanus, convulsive disorders, preoperative
medication.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to diazepam, acute
narrow angle glaucoma, psychosis, shock, coma, alcohol
intoxication.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, depression, confusion,
fatigue, ataxia, hypoactivity, bradycardia, cardiovascular
collapse.
Dosage: Adults: 2-10 mg IM or IV, may repeat in 3-4 hrs
if need. Children: 0.04-0.3 mg/kg/dose IM or IV Q2-4H to
a MAX of 0.6 mg/kg within an 8-hr period if needed. Not
for use in children under 6 months of age.
Administration: Do not mix IV product with other
medications. To administer directly IV, inject slowly
through infusion tubing as close as possible to the vein
insertion. Because of the possibility of precipitation of
diazepam in IV uids and the instability of the drug in
plastic (PVC) bags and infusion tubing, IV infusion of
diazepam is not recommended.
Estazolam-Eurodin(OEURO)Eszo (OESZO)
Indication: Estazolam is used in the short-term treatment

of insomnia.
Contraindication: Contraindicated for use during
pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Leukopenia, agranulocytosis, palpitation,
arrhythmias, syncope, dizziness, headache, impaired
coordination, constipation, vomiting, arthritis, myalgia,
muscle spasm, anorexia
Dosage: Insomnia: a signle dose of 1-4 mg at bedtime.
Premedication: Preoperative night: a single dose of 1-2 mg
at bedtime. Preoperation: a single dose of 2-4 mg.
Smaller or older, debilitated patients: 0.5 mg initially.
Maximum dose: a single dose of 6 mg and daily dose of 8
mg.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
Fludiazepam-Erispan(OERIS)
Indication: Fludiazepam is a short acting
benzodiazepine with general properties similar to those
of diazepam. It is used to treat anxiety disorder.
Contraindication: Patients with narrow angle glaucoma,
myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: The adverse effects similar to those of
benzodiazepines: drowsiness, dizziness, and tiredness.
Other side effects include: GI symptoms, difcult in urine
voiding.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO TID
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
Flunitrazepam-Rohypnol (OROH1)
Indication: Flunitrazepam has been effective for

induction of general anesthesia, as an oral premedicant,
and in the treatment of insomnia; it may be useful for
anesthesia induction in patients with cardiac disease.
Place in therapy: Flunitrazepam should probably be
reserved as alternative for patients with
moderate-to-severe insomnia who do not respond to
other benzodiazepines. In these patients, higher doses
may be needed and residual effects tolerated.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to unitrazepam or
nitrazepam; use with caution in patient with myasthenia
gravis, pregnancy or the breast feeding period, severe
cardiovascular disease, elderly, hepatic or renal
insufciency,
Adverse effect: Residual sedation/psychomotor
impairment; headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal
164 - - 165 - -
disturbances, psychological and physical dependence
may occur with prolonged use of unitrazepam
Dosage: Adults: For anesthesia induction, 0.02-0.03
mg/k IV over 30-60 sec; pre-medication 1-2 mg PO;
insomnia 0.5 mg. Children: Anesthesia induction: IV
0.03-0.04mg/kg, over 20-30 sec
Supply: Tab 1 mg
Lorazepam-Anxiedin (Ativan)(OATIV1)
Neuropam(INEUR)
Indication: Anxiety, tension, agitation, irritability,

insomnia with anxiety, neurosis or transient situational
disturbances.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to the benzodiazepines,
acute narrow angle glaucoma, psychotic reactions, primary
depression disorders.
Adverse effect: Sedation, dizziness, weakness,
unsteadiness, confusion, headache, sleep disturbance,
slight hypotension.
Dosage: Anxiety and sedation: Adults: usual dose: 2-6
mg/day in divided dose, up to 10 mg/day. Children: oral,
IV: 0.05 mg/kg/dose (range: 0.02-0.09 mg/kg) Q4-8 hr.
Insomnia: 2-4 mg HS.
Stability: Intact injection solution should be refrigerated,
protect from light. Stability of parenteral admixture at 25
:
4 hrs.
Midazolam-Dormicum(IDORM5)(IDORMI)
(
)(ODORM)
Indication: Midazolam is effective for anesthesia

induction, as a preanesthetic medication, a hypnotic prior
to short surgical procedures and in the treatment of
insomnia.
Place in therapy: Midazolam produces a more rapid
onset and less venous irritation of anesthesia induction
than diazepam. It also can be considered as an
alternative to thiopental although it has a slower onset of
action. Midazolam appears to offer no advantage over
triazolam as hypnotics for insomnia.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to midazolam or
other benzodiazepines; Patients with narrow angle
glancoma.
injection site pain and phlebitis
less than diazepam
.
Dosage: PO 7.5-15 mg at night. For anesthesia: 0.15 to
0.3 mg/kg IV; doses of 0.1 mg/kg IM have been effective
for anesthetic premedication. For conscious sedation:
0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV, maintenance of sedation in
increament of 25% of initial dose may be given by slow
titration; 1 mg/ml is recommended for titration, no more
than 2.5 mg should be given over at least 2 minutes.
Maximal dose: some cases showed 0.3-0.85 mg/kg
(20-55 mg/hr) without respiratory depression or hypnotic.
Stability: Midazolam 2 mg/ml in NS was stable in
polypropylene infusion pump syringe at 30
for 10 days.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp; Tab 7.5 mg
Oxazolam-Serenal(OSER)
preanesthetic medication.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, renal
or hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo,
headache, mild paradoxical reaction, skin rash.
Dosage: 10-20 mg TID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Triazolam-Halcion (OHALC)
Indication: Transient & short-term insomnia, short-term

adjunctive treatment in long-term insomnia.
Contraindication: Concomitant use with itraconazole or
ketoconazole; hypersensitivity to triazolam or other
benzodiazepines; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheasedness,
impaired coordination. Occasionally, anterograde
164 - - 165 - -
disturbances, psychological and physical dependence
may occur with prolonged use of unitrazepam
Dosage: Adults: For anesthesia induction, 0.02-0.03
mg/k IV over 30-60 sec; pre-medication 1-2 mg PO;
insomnia 0.5 mg. Children: Anesthesia induction: IV
0.03-0.04mg/kg, over 20-30 sec
Supply: Tab 1 mg
Lorazepam-Anxiedin (Ativan)(OATIV1)
Neuropam(INEUR)

insomnia with anxiety, neurosis or transient situational
disturbances.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to the benzodiazepines,
acute narrow angle glaucoma, psychotic reactions, primary
depression disorders.
Adverse effect: Sedation, dizziness, weakness,
unsteadiness, confusion, headache, sleep disturbance,
slight hypotension.
Dosage: Anxiety and sedation: Adults: usual dose: 2-6
mg/day in divided dose, up to 10 mg/day. Children: oral,
IV: 0.05 mg/kg/dose (range: 0.02-0.09 mg/kg) Q4-8 hr.
Insomnia: 2-4 mg HS.
Stability: Intact injection solution should be refrigerated,
protect from light. Stability of parenteral admixture at 25
:
4 hrs.
Midazolam-Dormicum(IDORM5)(IDORMI)
(
)(ODORM)
Indication: Midazolam is effective for anesthesia

induction, as a preanesthetic medication, a hypnotic prior
to short surgical procedures and in the treatment of
insomnia.
Place in therapy: Midazolam produces a more rapid
onset and less venous irritation of anesthesia induction
than diazepam. It also can be considered as an
alternative to thiopental although it has a slower onset of
action. Midazolam appears to offer no advantage over
triazolam as hypnotics for insomnia.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to midazolam or
other benzodiazepines; Patients with narrow angle
glancoma.
injection site pain and phlebitis
less than diazepam
.
Dosage: PO 7.5-15 mg at night. For anesthesia: 0.15 to
0.3 mg/kg IV; doses of 0.1 mg/kg IM have been effective
for anesthetic premedication. For conscious sedation:
0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV, maintenance of sedation in
increament of 25% of initial dose may be given by slow
titration; 1 mg/ml is recommended for titration, no more
than 2.5 mg should be given over at least 2 minutes.
Maximal dose: some cases showed 0.3-0.85 mg/kg
(20-55 mg/hr) without respiratory depression or hypnotic.
Stability: Midazolam 2 mg/ml in NS was stable in
polypropylene infusion pump syringe at 30
for 10 days.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp; Tab 7.5 mg
Oxazolam-Serenal(OSER)
preanesthetic medication.
Contraindication: Glaucoma, myasthenia gravis, renal
or hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, vertigo,
headache, mild paradoxical reaction, skin rash.
Dosage: 10-20 mg TID.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Triazolam-Halcion (OHALC)
Indication: Transient & short-term insomnia, short-term

adjunctive treatment in long-term insomnia.
Contraindication: Concomitant use with itraconazole or
ketoconazole; hypersensitivity to triazolam or other
benzodiazepines; pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, lightheasedness,
impaired coordination. Occasionally, anterograde
166 - - 167 - -
amnesia, confusion, and agitation.
Dosage: Adult 0.25 mg before retiring; elderly &/or
debilitated patient 0.125-0.25 mg (therapy initiated at
0.125 mg) before retiring.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
Oxazepam-Alepam(OALEP)
Indication: Anxiety, tension, irritability, agitation,

psychoneurosis.
Contraindication: Psychoses; myasthenia gravis, acute
narrow angle glaucoma, shock, coma or alcohol
intoxication.
Adverse effect: Transient mild drowsiness. Idiosyncratic,
allergic or hypersensitivity reactions; rarely leucopenia &
Dosage: Adult: 15-30 mg 3-4 times daily. Geriatric
patients: 7.5-15 mg 2-3 times daily. Children >6 years:
0.5 mg/kg daily.
Supply: Tab 15 mg
Brotizolam-Lendormin(OLEND)
Indication: Insomnia
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: fatigue & reduced ability to concentrate
after waking in patients sensitive to diazepines &
following high doses. GI disorders; headache, dizziness;
dryness of mouth; drop in BP in hypertensive patients.
Tolerance & loss of memory.
Dosage: 1 tab at bedtime. Elderly & those with
decreased clearance 1/2 tab at bedtime. In isolated
cases, dose may be increased to 2 tab.
Supply: Tab 250 mcg
28:24.92 Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and
Hypnotics; Miscellaneous
Chloral hydrate (BCHLO)(
Indication: As sedative and hypnotic agent

Contraindication: patients with mark hepatic or renal
impairment and in patients who have hypersensitivity or
idiosyncratic reaction to the drug. Oral administered
should be avoided in patients with esophagitis, gastritis
or peptic ulcer disease.
Adverse effect: Arrhythmias, alterations in sleep
patterns, respiratory arrest, and cutaneous reaction.
Dosage: Adults: For sedative: oral or rectal 250mg TID,
maximum 2 g/day. For hypnotic: PO 500-1000 mg at
bedtime. Pediatric: oral or rectal 25-50 mg/kg/day,
maximum 1g/day
Supply: Solution 10% 100 ml
Zolpidem Stilnox(OSTIL) Semi-Nax
(OSEMI) Zolman(
)(OZOLM) (
Indication: Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine

sedative-hypnotic that is structurally unrelated to the
barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Zolpidem has been f
ound to be effective for the short-term treatment of
insomnia. Other applications have been investigated
(e.g., preoperative sedation), but further study is needed.
Place in therapy: A signicant therapeutic advantage
over the benzodiazepines due to its low incidence of
adverse effects such as daytime sedation, amnesia,
tolerance, dependence, and rebound insomnia upon
withdrawal after therapeutic doses. Patients whose
insomnia does not resolve after 7 to 10 days should be
evaluated for other causes of sleep disturbance.
Zolpidem has no anxiolytic properties, thus overuse is
possible when used in anxious patients for sleep induction.
Contraindication: Use with caution in elderly or
debilitated patients, patient with respiratory impairment,
patient with hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects have been infrequent;
anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
irritability, diplopia, and muscle tremors have been
reported.
Dosage: Adults: 10-20 mg PO QN immediate before
166 - - 167 - -
amnesia, confusion, and agitation.
Dosage: Adult 0.25 mg before retiring; elderly &/or
debilitated patient 0.125-0.25 mg (therapy initiated at
0.125 mg) before retiring.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
Oxazepam-Alepam(OALEP)
Indication: Anxiety, tension, irritability, agitation,

psychoneurosis.
Contraindication: Psychoses; myasthenia gravis, acute
narrow angle glaucoma, shock, coma or alcohol
intoxication.
Adverse effect: Transient mild drowsiness. Idiosyncratic,
allergic or hypersensitivity reactions; rarely leucopenia &
Dosage: Adult: 15-30 mg 3-4 times daily. Geriatric
patients: 7.5-15 mg 2-3 times daily. Children >6 years:
0.5 mg/kg daily.
Supply: Tab 15 mg
Brotizolam-Lendormin(OLEND)
Indication: Insomnia
Contraindication: Myasthenia gravis.
Adverse effect: fatigue & reduced ability to concentrate
after waking in patients sensitive to diazepines &
following high doses. GI disorders; headache, dizziness;
dryness of mouth; drop in BP in hypertensive patients.
Tolerance & loss of memory.
Dosage: 1 tab at bedtime. Elderly & those with
decreased clearance 1/2 tab at bedtime. In isolated
cases, dose may be increased to 2 tab.
Supply: Tab 250 mcg
28:24.92 Anxiolytics, Sedatives, and
Hypnotics; Miscellaneous
Chloral hydrate (BCHLO)(
Indication: As sedative and hypnotic agent

Contraindication: patients with mark hepatic or renal
impairment and in patients who have hypersensitivity or
idiosyncratic reaction to the drug. Oral administered
should be avoided in patients with esophagitis, gastritis
or peptic ulcer disease.
Adverse effect: Arrhythmias, alterations in sleep
patterns, respiratory arrest, and cutaneous reaction.
Dosage: Adults: For sedative: oral or rectal 250mg TID,
maximum 2 g/day. For hypnotic: PO 500-1000 mg at
bedtime. Pediatric: oral or rectal 25-50 mg/kg/day,
maximum 1g/day
Supply: Solution 10% 100 ml
Zolpidem Stilnox(OSTIL) Semi-Nax
(OSEMI) Zolman(
)(OZOLM) (
Indication: Zolpidem is an imidazopyridine

sedative-hypnotic that is structurally unrelated to the
barbiturates and benzodiazepines. Zolpidem has been f
ound to be effective for the short-term treatment of
insomnia. Other applications have been investigated
(e.g., preoperative sedation), but further study is needed.
Place in therapy: A signicant therapeutic advantage
over the benzodiazepines due to its low incidence of
adverse effects such as daytime sedation, amnesia,
tolerance, dependence, and rebound insomnia upon
withdrawal after therapeutic doses. Patients whose
insomnia does not resolve after 7 to 10 days should be
evaluated for other causes of sleep disturbance.
Zolpidem has no anxiolytic properties, thus overuse is
possible when used in anxious patients for sleep induction.
Contraindication: Use with caution in elderly or
debilitated patients, patient with respiratory impairment,
patient with hepatic impairment.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects have been infrequent;
anxiety, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache,
irritability, diplopia, and muscle tremors have been
reported.
Dosage: Adults: 10-20 mg PO QN immediate before
168 - - 169 - -
sleep; elderly patients and patients with hepatic
impairment should be given an initial dose of 5 mg.
Pharmacokinetics: Zolpidem is rapidly absorbed,
extensively protein-bound, and rapidly eliminated with a
plasma half-life of 2.5 to 5 hours.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Zopiclone-Imovane(OIMOV)
Genclone (OGENC) Insopin (OINSO)
Indication: Zopiclone is a short-acting
non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. It is effective in the
treatment of insomnia.
Place in therapy: In comparison with rapid eliminated
benzodiazepines, it offers little or no advantage with
regard to residual effects. Rebound insomnia has been
reported.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Zopiclone; caution
in patient with severe liver disease and elderly with
moderate-to-severe liver disease. The drug should not
be prescribed for longer than 28 days.
Adverse effect: dryness of the mouth and bitter taste,
residual sedation/psychomotor impairment, and rebound
insomnia. Physical dependence, psychiatric reaction,
and hallucinations have been reported.
Dosage: 7.5 mg PO HS, prolong use should be avoided
Pharmacokinetics: Peak serum level occurs 1 hour
after oral administration. Elimination half-life is 5 hours.
Supply: Tab 7.5 mg
28:28 Antimanic Agents
Lithium carbonate-Lidin(OLIDI)
Indication: Manic episodes, bipolar disorder

Contraindication: Patient with renal impairment or cardiac
disease.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness,
arrhythmia, muscular weakness, hypotension, blurred
vision, dry mouth.
Dosage: Adults: For acute episode, 600mg TID; for
maintenance 300mg TID or QID; maximum dose: 2.4 g/day
Supply: Tab 300mg
28:36 Antiparkinsonian Agents
Amantadine Amanda(OAMAND)

hepatitis C.
useful in alleviating parkinsonian symptoms; however,
Children: 1 to 9 years: 4.4 to 8.8 mg/kg/day to a
maximum of 150 mg/day QD or BID. 10 years and older:
100 mg BID; however, for children weighing less than 40
kg, prescribing 5 milligrams/kilogram/day, regardless of
age, is advisable
Supply: Tab 100 mg
28:36.08 Anticholinergic Agents
Biperiden HCI-Bipiden (Akineton)(OAKIN) (IAKIN)
Biperin(OBIPE)
168 - - 169 - -
sleep; elderly patients and patients with hepatic
impairment should be given an initial dose of 5 mg.
Pharmacokinetics: Zolpidem is rapidly absorbed,
extensively protein-bound, and rapidly eliminated with a
plasma half-life of 2.5 to 5 hours.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Zopiclone-Imovane(OIMOV)
Genclone (OGENC) Insopin (OINSO)
Indication: Zopiclone is a short-acting
non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent. It is effective in the
treatment of insomnia.
Place in therapy: In comparison with rapid eliminated
benzodiazepines, it offers little or no advantage with
regard to residual effects. Rebound insomnia has been
reported.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to Zopiclone; caution
in patient with severe liver disease and elderly with
moderate-to-severe liver disease. The drug should not
be prescribed for longer than 28 days.
Adverse effect: dryness of the mouth and bitter taste,
residual sedation/psychomotor impairment, and rebound
insomnia. Physical dependence, psychiatric reaction,
and hallucinations have been reported.
Dosage: 7.5 mg PO HS, prolong use should be avoided
Pharmacokinetics: Peak serum level occurs 1 hour
after oral administration. Elimination half-life is 5 hours.
Supply: Tab 7.5 mg
28:28 Antimanic Agents
Lithium carbonate-Lidin(OLIDI)
Indication: Manic episodes, bipolar disorder

Contraindication: Patient with renal impairment or cardiac
disease.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, vomiting, drowsiness,
arrhythmia, muscular weakness, hypotension, blurred
vision, dry mouth.
Dosage: Adults: For acute episode, 600mg TID; for
maintenance 300mg TID or QID; maximum dose: 2.4 g/day
Supply: Tab 300mg
28:36 Antiparkinsonian Agents
Amantadine Amanda(OAMAND)

hepatitis C.
useful in alleviating parkinsonian symptoms; however,
Children: 1 to 9 years: 4.4 to 8.8 mg/kg/day to a
maximum of 150 mg/day QD or BID. 10 years and older:
100 mg BID; however, for children weighing less than 40
kg, prescribing 5 milligrams/kilogram/day, regardless of
age, is advisable
Supply: Tab 100 mg
28:36.08 Anticholinergic Agents
Biperiden HCI-Bipiden (Akineton)(OAKIN) (IAKIN)
Biperin(OBIPE)
170 - - 171 - -
Indication: Arteriosclerotic, idiopathic postencephalitic
parkin-sonism, drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome.
Contraindication: Closed angle glaucoma, mechanic
stenosis of the GI tract, hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo,
gastric upset, mental confusion, and transient postural
hypotension.
Dosage: PO 2 mg TID or QID, PC. IM 2 mg repeated
every 30 minutes if needed or 5 mg slow IV, up to 20
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 2 mg, Inj 5 mg/amp
Trihexyphenidyl HCI-Artane (OARTA)
Indication: Parkinsonism, extrapyramidal disorders due

to reserpine and phenothiazine, muscle rigidity.
Contraindication: Closed angle galucoma, paralytic
ileus or pyloric stenosis, prostatic enlargement.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, fatigue, vertigo, gastric
upset, and psychotic disturbance.
Dosage: Usual dose 2 mg TID or QID. Maximum dose:
15 mg/day
Supply: Tab 2 mg
28:36.12 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors
Entacapone-Comtan(OCOMT)
Indication: Adjunct to levodopa/benserazide or
levodopa/carbidopa for use in patients with Parkinsons
disease.
Pharmacology: Entacapone is a reversible, specic,
and mainly peripherally acting catechol-O-
methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor designed for
concomitant administration with levodopa preparations.
This leads to an increase in the bioavailability of
levodopa and an increased amount of levodopa available
to the brain. Entacapone thus prolongs the clinical
response to levodopa.
Pharmacokinetic: Oral bioavailability 35%. Plasma
protein binding is 98%, mainly to serum albumin.
Entacapone is metabolized by almost completely before
elimination; metabolites are eliminated primarily by biliary
excretion, with 90% of the metabolites found in feces and
10% in urine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to entacapone
products, Concomitant use with non-selective MAO
inhibitors but it can be taken with a selective MAO-B
inhibitor (e.g., selegiline).
Adverse effect: Common: abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; urine discoloration; dizziness,
fatigue. Serious: dyskinesia, hyperactive behavior;
insomnia; hallucinations.
Dosage: One 200 mg tab with each levodopa/dopa
decarboxylase inhibitor dose to a MAX 1600 mg /day.
May be taken with or without food, Use caution in
patients with biliary obstruction.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
28:36.16 Dopamine Precursors
Madopar (OMAD1) (OMADH) (OMAD2)
Indication: Symptomatic (postencephalitic, toxic or
arterio-sclerotic) Parkinsonism, except drug-induced
Parkinsonism, Parkinsons disease.
Contraindication: Severely de-compensated endocrine,
renal, hepatic, cardiac disorders; psychosis and severe
psychoneurosis; patient under 25 years old (due to
possibility of skeletal abnormalities from benserazide);
pregnant women; use of MAO inhibitors within prior 14
days; narrow-angle glaucoma or closed-angle glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, psychic
disturbance. The effects of levodopa are reduced or
abolished by the concurrent use of vitamin B6 but no
interaction occurred with levodopa-carbidopa or
levodopa-benserazide preperations.
Dosage: Initial dose: 125 mg TID then increased by 125
mg weekly until the individual therapeutic dosage is
170 - - 171 - -
Indication: Arteriosclerotic, idiopathic postencephalitic
parkin-sonism, drug-induced extrapyramidal syndrome.
Contraindication: Closed angle glaucoma, mechanic
stenosis of the GI tract, hypersensitivity.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, vertigo,
gastric upset, mental confusion, and transient postural
hypotension.
Dosage: PO 2 mg TID or QID, PC. IM 2 mg repeated
every 30 minutes if needed or 5 mg slow IV, up to 20
mg/day.
Supply: Tab 2 mg, Inj 5 mg/amp
Trihexyphenidyl HCI-Artane (OARTA)
Indication: Parkinsonism, extrapyramidal disorders due

to reserpine and phenothiazine, muscle rigidity.
Contraindication: Closed angle galucoma, paralytic
ileus or pyloric stenosis, prostatic enlargement.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, fatigue, vertigo, gastric
upset, and psychotic disturbance.
Dosage: Usual dose 2 mg TID or QID. Maximum dose:
15 mg/day
Supply: Tab 2 mg
28:36.12 Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) Inhibitors
Entacapone-Comtan(OCOMT)
Indication: Adjunct to levodopa/benserazide or
levodopa/carbidopa for use in patients with Parkinsons
disease.
Pharmacology: Entacapone is a reversible, specic,
and mainly peripherally acting catechol-O-
methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor designed for
concomitant administration with levodopa preparations.
This leads to an increase in the bioavailability of
levodopa and an increased amount of levodopa available
to the brain. Entacapone thus prolongs the clinical
response to levodopa.
Pharmacokinetic: Oral bioavailability 35%. Plasma
protein binding is 98%, mainly to serum albumin.
Entacapone is metabolized by almost completely before
elimination; metabolites are eliminated primarily by biliary
excretion, with 90% of the metabolites found in feces and
10% in urine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to entacapone
products, Concomitant use with non-selective MAO
inhibitors but it can be taken with a selective MAO-B
inhibitor (e.g., selegiline).
Adverse effect: Common: abdominal pain, constipation,
diarrhea, nausea, vomiting; urine discoloration; dizziness,
fatigue. Serious: dyskinesia, hyperactive behavior;
insomnia; hallucinations.
Dosage: One 200 mg tab with each levodopa/dopa
decarboxylase inhibitor dose to a MAX 1600 mg /day.
May be taken with or without food, Use caution in
patients with biliary obstruction.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
28:36.16 Dopamine Precursors
Madopar (OMAD1) (OMADH) (OMAD2)
Indication: Symptomatic (postencephalitic, toxic or
arterio-sclerotic) Parkinsonism, except drug-induced
Parkinsonism, Parkinsons disease.
Contraindication: Severely de-compensated endocrine,
renal, hepatic, cardiac disorders; psychosis and severe
psychoneurosis; patient under 25 years old (due to
possibility of skeletal abnormalities from benserazide);
pregnant women; use of MAO inhibitors within prior 14
days; narrow-angle glaucoma or closed-angle glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, and vomiting, psychic
disturbance. The effects of levodopa are reduced or
abolished by the concurrent use of vitamin B6 but no
interaction occurred with levodopa-carbidopa or
levodopa-benserazide preperations.
Dosage: Initial dose: 125 mg TID then increased by 125
mg weekly until the individual therapeutic dosage is
172 - - 173 - -
reached up to 1000 mg/day QID.
Pharmacokinetics: The bioavailablilty of Madopar HBS
is 60%. After ingestion of HBS form need 3 hours to
achieve serum peak concentration.
Administration: Capsules should be swallowed whole;
Do Not crush, chew, open, or dissolve in liquid.
Supply: Cap 125 mg Madopar Hydrodynamic Balance
System (HBS, 100 mg L-dopa + 25 mg benserazide), Tab
250 mg (200 mg L-dopa + 50 mg benserazide).
28:36.20 Dopamine Receptor Agonists
28:36.20.04 Ergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor
Agonists
Bromocriptine Syntocriptine(OBROM)
Indication: A dopaminergic agonists, for treatment of

galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, acromegaly,
Parkinsonism.
Contraindication: Patients who are sensitive to any
ergot alkaloid.
Adverse effect: Postural hypotension, syncope, nausea,
constipation, peptic ulcer, hallucination.
Dosage: For the prevention of puerperal lactation:
initially 1.25 mg a day, then 2.5 mg BID for 4-14 days. For
galactorrhea, amenorrhea infertility & acromegaly:
initially 1.25 mg (at night with food) increased by 1.25 mg
every third day, as necessary, up to 15 mg a day (but up
to 30 mg daily may be required), usually in three divided
doses with meals. For Parkinsonism: up to 100 mg a day
(but up to 300 mg daily has been used) in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
Pergolide mesylate - Celance(OCELA)
Indication: Adjunctive therapy with levodopa/carbidopa

in long-term parkinsonian patients with clinical
uctuations. It is also effective in the treatment of
hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly.
Contraindication: Displayed hypersensitivity or
idiosyncratic reactions to this drug or other ergot
derivatives.
Adverse effect: Dyskinesias, dystonias, orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, confusion, somnolance,
insomnia, nausea, constipation; CNS complain is most
commonly hallucinations and confusion are the primary
cause for drug withdrawal.
Dosage: In hyperprolactinemic and acromegalic patients:
0.025 to 0.5 mg/day, PO. In Parkinsons disease: 2 to 3
mg, up to 10 mg/day in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
28:36.20.08 Nonergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor
Agonists
Pramipexole-Mirapex(OMIRA)
Indication: Treatment of the signs & symptoms of

idiopathic Parkinsons disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pramipexole
products
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness, somnolence
(including sudden onset of sleep), insomnia, constipation,
asthenia, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension,
dyskinesia (reduce Levodopa dose), extrapyramidal
syndrome, confusion, dystonia, gait abnormality,
hypertonia, dry mouth, amnesia, urinary frequency.
Dosage: Initially, 0.375 mg/day in 3 divided doses
increased to 0.25 mg tid in weeks 2 & then to 0.5 tid in
weeks 3 according to response. Thereafter the daily dose
may be increased by 0.25 mg at weekly intervals to a
max 4.5 mg daily. Maintenance: 1.5-4.5 mg/day in 3 divided
doses with or without concomitant L-dopa.
Supply: Tab 1 mg
28:36.32 Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors
Selegiline HCI-Parkryl (OPARK)
172 - - 173 - -
reached up to 1000 mg/day QID.
Pharmacokinetics: The bioavailablilty of Madopar HBS
is 60%. After ingestion of HBS form need 3 hours to
achieve serum peak concentration.
Administration: Capsules should be swallowed whole;
Do Not crush, chew, open, or dissolve in liquid.
Supply: Cap 125 mg Madopar Hydrodynamic Balance
System (HBS, 100 mg L-dopa + 25 mg benserazide), Tab
250 mg (200 mg L-dopa + 50 mg benserazide).
28:36.20 Dopamine Receptor Agonists
28:36.20.04 Ergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor
Agonists
Bromocriptine Syntocriptine(OBROM)
Indication: A dopaminergic agonists, for treatment of

galactorrhea, amenorrhea, infertility, acromegaly,
Parkinsonism.
Contraindication: Patients who are sensitive to any
ergot alkaloid.
Adverse effect: Postural hypotension, syncope, nausea,
constipation, peptic ulcer, hallucination.
Dosage: For the prevention of puerperal lactation:
initially 1.25 mg a day, then 2.5 mg BID for 4-14 days. For
galactorrhea, amenorrhea infertility & acromegaly:
initially 1.25 mg (at night with food) increased by 1.25 mg
every third day, as necessary, up to 15 mg a day (but up
to 30 mg daily may be required), usually in three divided
doses with meals. For Parkinsonism: up to 100 mg a day
(but up to 300 mg daily has been used) in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
Pergolide mesylate - Celance(OCELA)
Indication: Adjunctive therapy with levodopa/carbidopa

in long-term parkinsonian patients with clinical
uctuations. It is also effective in the treatment of
hyperprolactinemia and acromegaly.
Contraindication: Displayed hypersensitivity or
idiosyncratic reactions to this drug or other ergot
derivatives.
Adverse effect: Dyskinesias, dystonias, orthostatic
hypotension, dizziness, confusion, somnolance,
insomnia, nausea, constipation; CNS complain is most
commonly hallucinations and confusion are the primary
cause for drug withdrawal.
Dosage: In hyperprolactinemic and acromegalic patients:
0.025 to 0.5 mg/day, PO. In Parkinsons disease: 2 to 3
mg, up to 10 mg/day in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 0.25 mg
28:36.20.08 Nonergot-derivative Dopamine Receptor
Agonists
Pramipexole-Mirapex(OMIRA)
Indication: Treatment of the signs & symptoms of

idiopathic Parkinsons disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pramipexole
products
Adverse effect: Nausea, dizziness, somnolence
(including sudden onset of sleep), insomnia, constipation,
asthenia, hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension,
dyskinesia (reduce Levodopa dose), extrapyramidal
syndrome, confusion, dystonia, gait abnormality,
hypertonia, dry mouth, amnesia, urinary frequency.
Dosage: Initially, 0.375 mg/day in 3 divided doses
increased to 0.25 mg tid in weeks 2 & then to 0.5 tid in
weeks 3 according to response. Thereafter the daily dose
may be increased by 0.25 mg at weekly intervals to a
max 4.5 mg daily. Maintenance: 1.5-4.5 mg/day in 3 divided
doses with or without concomitant L-dopa.
Supply: Tab 1 mg
28:36.32 Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors
Selegiline HCI-Parkryl (OPARK)
174 - - 175 - -
Indication: Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitor that is specic for the MAO-B isozyme. It is
effective in treating parkinsonian patients who develop
uctuations in response to chronic levodopa therapy and
require maximum doses of the drug.
Contraindication: Use with meperidine and patient with
hypersensitivity to the drug.
Adverse effect: Sleep disturbances, psychosis, agitation,
confusion, and dyskinesias, hypotension, anorexia, and
increased libido; the adverse effects of agitation,
confusion, and insomnia may occur more frequently in
the elderly.
Dosage: Parkinsonism: PO 5-10 mg QD; Depression:
PO 5-30 mg, QD. The doses should not exceed 10 mg/day
because of the risks associated with
non-selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase
Supply: Tab 5 mg
28:92 Central Nervous System Agents, Miscellaneous
FlumazenilAnexate(IANEX)
Indication: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It

is indicated for reversal of the centrally sedative effects of
benzodiazepines.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to flumazenil or the
benzodi azepi nes, pati ents who have been gi ven a
benzodiazepine for potentially life-threatening condition
and who exhibit signs and symptoms of serious cyclic
antidepressant overdose.
Adverse effect: Cardiac arrhythmias and bradycardia are
reported rarely. Dizziness (1.07%) is a common CNS
adverse effect. Nausea and vomiting (6%) are the most
common adverse effects with umazenil. Seizures may
occur with umazenil use, especially in cases of cyclic
antidepressant or other mixed drug overdose.
Dosage: Anesthesia reversal: 0.2 mg, followed by 0.2 mg
every 30-60 seconds until the patient awakens or until a
total dose of 1 mg. Benzodiazepine overdose: 0.3 mg up
to a total of 1.5 to 10 mg
Memantine-Ebixa(OEBIX)
Indication: Treatment of patients with moderately severe

to severe Alzeimers disease
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to memantine
hydrochloride
Adverse effect: Agitation, inicted injury, urinary
incontinence, diarrhea, insomnia, dizziness, headache,
hallucinations, fall, constipation, coughing, tiredness.
Dosage: Initially 5 mg daily for the 1st week; this should
be increased in weekly increments of 5 mg to the
recommended maintenance dose of 10 mg bid.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
40:00 Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance
40:08 Alkalinizing Agents
Sodium bicarbonate - (NaHCO3) (INAHC) (ONAHC)
Indication: Antacid, systemic & urinary alkalinizer.

Contraindication: Alkalosis, edematous sodium
retaining states, congestive heart failure, renal impairment.
Dosage: PO, 0.3-2g QD up to QID, Maximum daily dose
in patients less than 60 years is 16 gmand greater than
60 years is 8 gm. Less urgent forms of metabolic acidosis:
2-5 mEq/kg IV infusion over 4-8 hr as needed.
Stability: NS or D5W with sodium bicarbonate 3.75 g/L is
physically compatible.
Supply: Inj 7% 20 ml/Amp (0.83mEq/ml,
16.66mEq/Amp); Tab 300 mg
U-Citra Granules (OUCIT)
Indication: Citrate and citric acid solutions are systemic
and urinary alkalinizing agents. Used to correct the
acidosis of certain renal tubular disorders, to treat
metabolic acidosis, for long-term urine alkalinization, for
174 - - 175 - -
Indication: Selegiline is a monoamine oxidase (MAO)
inhibitor that is specic for the MAO-B isozyme. It is
effective in treating parkinsonian patients who develop
uctuations in response to chronic levodopa therapy and
require maximum doses of the drug.
Contraindication: Use with meperidine and patient with
hypersensitivity to the drug.
Adverse effect: Sleep disturbances, psychosis, agitation,
confusion, and dyskinesias, hypotension, anorexia, and
increased libido; the adverse effects of agitation,
confusion, and insomnia may occur more frequently in
the elderly.
Dosage: Parkinsonism: PO 5-10 mg QD; Depression:
PO 5-30 mg, QD. The doses should not exceed 10 mg/day
because of the risks associated with
non-selective inhibition of monoamine oxidase
Supply: Tab 5 mg
28:92 Central Nervous System Agents, Miscellaneous
FlumazenilAnexate(IANEX)
Indication: Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine antagonist. It

is indicated for reversal of the centrally sedative effects of
benzodiazepines.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to flumazenil or the
benzodi azepi nes, pati ents who have been gi ven a
benzodiazepine for potentially life-threatening condition
and who exhibit signs and symptoms of serious cyclic
antidepressant overdose.
Adverse effect: Cardiac arrhythmias and bradycardia are
reported rarely. Dizziness (1.07%) is a common CNS
adverse effect. Nausea and vomiting (6%) are the most
common adverse effects with umazenil. Seizures may
occur with umazenil use, especially in cases of cyclic
antidepressant or other mixed drug overdose.
Dosage: Anesthesia reversal: 0.2 mg, followed by 0.2 mg
every 30-60 seconds until the patient awakens or until a
total dose of 1 mg. Benzodiazepine overdose: 0.3 mg up
to a total of 1.5 to 10 mg
Memantine-Ebixa(OEBIX)
Indication: Treatment of patients with moderately severe

to severe Alzeimers disease
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to memantine
hydrochloride
Adverse effect: Agitation, inicted injury, urinary
incontinence, diarrhea, insomnia, dizziness, headache,
hallucinations, fall, constipation, coughing, tiredness.
Dosage: Initially 5 mg daily for the 1st week; this should
be increased in weekly increments of 5 mg to the
recommended maintenance dose of 10 mg bid.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
40:00 Electrolytic, Caloric, and Water Balance
40:08 Alkalinizing Agents
Sodium bicarbonate - (NaHCO3) (INAHC) (ONAHC)
Indication: Antacid, systemic & urinary alkalinizer.

Contraindication: Alkalosis, edematous sodium
retaining states, congestive heart failure, renal impairment.
Dosage: PO, 0.3-2g QD up to QID, Maximum daily dose
in patients less than 60 years is 16 gmand greater than
60 years is 8 gm. Less urgent forms of metabolic acidosis:
2-5 mEq/kg IV infusion over 4-8 hr as needed.
Stability: NS or D5W with sodium bicarbonate 3.75 g/L is
Supply: Inj 7% 20 ml/Amp (0.83mEq/ml,
16.66mEq/Amp); Tab 300 mg
U-Citra Granules (OUCIT)
Indication: Citrate and citric acid solutions are systemic
and urinary alkalinizing agents. Used to correct the
acidosis of certain renal tubular disorders, to treat
metabolic acidosis, for long-term urine alkalinization, for
176 - - 177 - -
prevention and treatment of uric acid and calcium kidney
stones, and as non-particulate neutralizing buffers.
Contraindication: Severe renal impairment with oliguria,
azotemia, or anuria; Addisons disease; adynamic
episodica hereditaria; acute dehydration; heat cramps;
severe myocardial damage; hyperkalemia. Caution
should be used in patients with low urinary output or
reduced glomerular ltration rates.
Adverse effect: Excess amount or patient with renal
dysfuction may induce metabolic alkalosis or hyperkalemia.
Dosage: For urine alkalization: 15 to 30 mL, children: 5
to 15 mL, diluted with water, PC and HS. For treatment of
calcium and uric acid stones: potassium citrate 30-60 mEq/day
PO in 3 or 4 doses with meals or within 30 minutes after meals.
Supply: Each package contains:
Potassium citrate monohydrate 3300 mg,

Citratic acid monohydrate 1002 mg

(Citrate content: 43.92 mEq/package

Potassium content: 30.51 mEq/package)
40:10 Ammonia Detoxicants
Lactulose-Lactul (BLACT)
Indication: Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide sugar

used in constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
Place in therapy: Since lactulose does not alter the
underlying disease, its use does not preclude treatment
of the underlying liver disease. It is not useful for
non-nitrogenous types of encephalopathy.
Contraindication: Patients with intestinal obstruction,
abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting or on a
galactose-free diet.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include diarrhea,
abdominal distention, atulence, abdominal cramping,
epigastric pain, anorexia, hypernatremia, and lactic
acidosis.
Dosage: Constipation: Adult, 15 ml BID, Children (5-10
yr.), 10 ml BID; Children (less than 5 yr.), 5ml BID; Infant,
2.5 ml BID. Hepatic encephalopathy: 30-50 ml TID;
Retention enema: 300 ml of lactulose with 700 ml water,
retained for 30-60 min can be repeated for 3 times
Pharmacokinetics: Minimal amounts of LACTULOSE
are absorbed orally and the onset of effect on
constipation may require 48 hours; the drug is
metabolized by colonic bacteria to lactic, formic, and
acetic acid and 3% or less is excreted unchanged in the
urine, with small amounts in the bile and feces.
Supply: Sol 333 gm/500 ml/bot
40:12 Replacement Preparations
Calcium SaltsCalglon(ICALG) (
)CaCO3 (OCALC)
Procal(OPROC) Calbo(OCALB) Jia-Cal (OJIAC)
Indication: Low calcium tetany, hypoparathyroidism senile,
osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia.
Contraindication: Patient receiving digitalis glycosides,
or patients with ventricullar brillation or hypercalcemia.
Adverse effect: Soft-tissue calcication, venous
thrombosis, arrhythmias, hypercalcemia may result in
nephrolithiasis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and ocular
toxicity.
Dosage: Recommended daily allowance of calcium: adults
1g, children 800mg, infant 600 mg, MAX dose: 15g (1.42g
of calcium). Hypocalcemia: initial, 10% 20ml IV, followed
by 0.3-0.8% solution infusion over 3-12 hours.
Supply: Inj 10%, 10 ml/amp (0.45-0.48 mEq of Ca/ml,
89.2 mg of Ca/amp); Tab CaCO3 500mg (calcium
carbonate 10 mEq/tab, 200 mg Ca/tab), Procal 667 mg
(calcium acetate 8.47 mEq/tab, 168.8 mg Ca/tab), Calbo
950 mg (calcium citrate 10.07 mEq/tab, 200.5 mg of
Ca/tab), 200.5 mg of Ca/tab
Potassium chloride- Slow-K (OSLOW) KCI(IKCL5)
Indication: Potassium depletion, corticosteroid therapy,

hypokalemia in digitalis intoxication.
Contraindication: Addisons disease, acute dehydration,
176 - - 177 - -
prevention and treatment of uric acid and calcium kidney
stones, and as non-particulate neutralizing buffers.
Contraindication: Severe renal impairment with oliguria,
azotemia, or anuria; Addisons disease; adynamic
episodica hereditaria; acute dehydration; heat cramps;
severe myocardial damage; hyperkalemia. Caution
should be used in patients with low urinary output or
reduced glomerular ltration rates.
Adverse effect: Excess amount or patient with renal
dysfuction may induce metabolic alkalosis or hyperkalemia.
Dosage: For urine alkalization: 15 to 30 mL, children: 5
to 15 mL, diluted with water, PC and HS. For treatment of
calcium and uric acid stones: potassium citrate 30-60 mEq/day
PO in 3 or 4 doses with meals or within 30 minutes after meals.
Supply: Each package contains:
Potassium citrate monohydrate 3300 mg,

Citratic acid monohydrate 1002 mg

(Citrate content: 43.92 mEq/package

Potassium content: 30.51 mEq/package)
40:10 Ammonia Detoxicants
Lactulose-Lactul (BLACT)
Indication: Lactulose is a synthetic disaccharide sugar

used in constipation and hepatic encephalopathy.
Place in therapy: Since lactulose does not alter the
underlying disease, its use does not preclude treatment
of the underlying liver disease. It is not useful for
non-nitrogenous types of encephalopathy.
Contraindication: Patients with intestinal obstruction,
abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting or on a
galactose-free diet.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include diarrhea,
abdominal distention, atulence, abdominal cramping,
epigastric pain, anorexia, hypernatremia, and lactic
acidosis.
Dosage: Constipation: Adult, 15 ml BID, Children (5-10
yr.), 10 ml BID; Children (less than 5 yr.), 5ml BID; Infant,
2.5 ml BID. Hepatic encephalopathy: 30-50 ml TID;
Retention enema: 300 ml of lactulose with 700 ml water,
retained for 30-60 min can be repeated for 3 times
Pharmacokinetics: Minimal amounts of LACTULOSE
are absorbed orally and the onset of effect on
constipation may require 48 hours; the drug is
metabolized by colonic bacteria to lactic, formic, and
acetic acid and 3% or less is excreted unchanged in the
urine, with small amounts in the bile and feces.
Supply: Sol 333 gm/500 ml/bot
40:12 Replacement Preparations
Calcium SaltsCalglon(ICALG) (
)CaCO3 (OCALC)
Procal(OPROC) Calbo(OCALB) Jia-Cal (OJIAC)
Indication: Low calcium tetany, hypoparathyroidism senile,
osteoporosis, rickets and osteomalacia.
Contraindication: Patient receiving digitalis glycosides,
or patients with ventricullar brillation or hypercalcemia.
Adverse effect: Soft-tissue calcication, venous
thrombosis, arrhythmias, hypercalcemia may result in
nephrolithiasis, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and ocular
toxicity.
Dosage: Recommended daily allowance of calcium: adults
1g, children 800mg, infant 600 mg, MAX dose: 15g (1.42g
of calcium). Hypocalcemia: initial, 10% 20ml IV, followed
by 0.3-0.8% solution infusion over 3-12 hours.
Supply: Inj 10%, 10 ml/amp (0.45-0.48 mEq of Ca/ml,
89.2 mg of Ca/amp); Tab CaCO3 500mg (calcium
carbonate 10 mEq/tab, 200 mg Ca/tab), Procal 667 mg
(calcium acetate 8.47 mEq/tab, 168.8 mg Ca/tab), Calbo
950 mg (calcium citrate 10.07 mEq/tab, 200.5 mg of
Ca/tab), 200.5 mg of Ca/tab
Potassium chloride- Slow-K (OSLOW) KCI(IKCL5)
Indication: Potassium depletion, corticosteroid therapy,

hypokalemia in digitalis intoxication.
Contraindication: Addisons disease, acute dehydration,
178 - - 179 - -
acute or chronic renal disease, hyperkalemia, severe
renal impairment with azotemia or oligouria.
Adverse effect: Hyperkalemia, accid paralysis, mental
confusion, cardiac depression, cardiac arrhythmias.
Administration: Prevention of hypokalemia (20mEq/day)
Potassium depletion (40-100mEq/day).
Supply: Tab 600 mg (8 mEq of K/tab); Inj 15%, 5 ml/amp
(2 mEq of K/ml)
Sodium chloride (I45NS) (INS45) (INSB) (INS1) (INS2)
(INS3)
Indication: Hypotonic sodium chloride solution (0.45%):

uid replacement when uid losses exceed electrolyte
depletion. Isotonic solution (0.9%): water and sodium
retention. Hypertonic solution (3%): hyponatremia,
hypochloremia.
Contraindication: Congestive heart failure, severe renal
impairment, edema with sodium retention.
Administration: Dose dependent on age, weight and
clinical condition of patients: 6-10 g/day.
Supply: 0.45% 20 ml, 500 ml/bot; 0.9% 500 ml, 1000 ml,
2000 ml/Bot; 3% 500 ml/bot
Lactated Ringers (ILRB)
Indication: Increase circulating uid volume, acidosis, and
dehydration.
Contraindication: Severe liver damage, edema,
circulatory overload, lactic acidosis.
Dosage: 20-30ml/kg (slowly IV).
Supply: Solu 0.02% CaCl
2
+0.03% KCl+0.6% NaCl
+0.3% Sodium lactate/500 ml/bot
2. Electrolyte content given in meq/L
Na K Ca Cl Lactate
124-137 3.6-4.4 1.22-1.5 104-115 26-29
Trace element (ITRAE)
Indication: Treatment of trace element decient patients
on long-term of total parenteral nutrition.
Administration: 1 ml of the trace elements given twice
weekly.
Supply: Inj Zn 1.5 mg+Cu 0.5 mg+Mn 0.2 mg+I 0.028
mg+Cr 0.005 mg/ml, 10 ml/vial

Pentastarch Haes-steril(IHAES)
Indication: Pentastarch (weight average molecular

weight 200000) used as an expanding plasma agent in
major either elective or emergency surgery. Ten percent
of medium-molecular-weight pentastarch is a
hyperoncotic solution that produces an expansion of
plasma volume of about 1.5 times the infused volume.
Place in therapy: Pentastarch may be a safe alternative
to albumin as a replacement uid administered during
therapeutic plasma exchange.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity, coagulopathy and
haemorrhage have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: Hypovolemia shock: 20 ml/kg/day;
blood transfusion shock: 20 ml/kg/hr; Children (<10 y/o):
less than 15 ml/kg/hr
Supply: Inj 10% 500ml/bag; each ml contain:
Pentastarch 100 mg
Sodium chlorise 9. 0mg
Succinylated gelatin Gelofusine (IGELO)
Indication: Treatment and prevention of hypovalemia

including absolute hypovolemia hemorrhage. It is also
employed as a plasma volume expander.
Pharmacology: Succinylation of the gelatin molecule
results in a negatively charged molecule, as a colloidal
plasma volume substitute.
Parmacokinetics: Gelofusine has a volume effect
lasting about 3-4 hours. About 1% of the infused drug is
metabolized; 75% of the dose is excreted in the urine in
24 hours. The half-life is about 4 hrs.
Contraindication: Known hypersensitivity to gelatin,
hypervolaemia or hyperhydration, severe cardiac
178 - - 179 - -
acute or chronic renal disease, hyperkalemia, severe
renal impairment with azotemia or oligouria.
Adverse effect: Hyperkalemia, accid paralysis, mental
confusion, cardiac depression, cardiac arrhythmias.
Administration: Prevention of hypokalemia (20mEq/day)
Potassium depletion (40-100mEq/day).
Supply: Tab 600 mg (8 mEq of K/tab); Inj 15%, 5 ml/amp
(2 mEq of K/ml)
Sodium chloride (I45NS) (INS45) (INSB) (INS1) (INS2)
(INS3)
Indication: Hypotonic sodium chloride solution (0.45%):

uid replacement when uid losses exceed electrolyte
depletion. Isotonic solution (0.9%): water and sodium
retention. Hypertonic solution (3%): hyponatremia,
hypochloremia.
Contraindication: Congestive heart failure, severe renal
impairment, edema with sodium retention.
Administration: Dose dependent on age, weight and
clinical condition of patients: 6-10 g/day.
Supply: 0.45% 20 ml, 500 ml/bot; 0.9% 500 ml, 1000 ml,
2000 ml/Bot; 3% 500 ml/bot
Lactated Ringers (ILRB)
Indication: Increase circulating uid volume, acidosis, and
dehydration.
Contraindication: Severe liver damage, edema,
circulatory overload, lactic acidosis.
Dosage: 20-30ml/kg (slowly IV).
Supply: Solu 0.02% CaCl
2
+0.03% KCl+0.6% NaCl
+0.3% Sodium lactate/500 ml/bot
2. Electrolyte content given in meq/L
Na K Ca Cl Lactate
124-137 3.6-4.4 1.22-1.5 104-115 26-29
Trace element (ITRAE)
Indication: Treatment of trace element decient patients
on long-term of total parenteral nutrition.
Administration: 1 ml of the trace elements given twice
weekly.
Supply: Inj Zn 1.5 mg+Cu 0.5 mg+Mn 0.2 mg+I 0.028
mg+Cr 0.005 mg/ml, 10 ml/vial

Pentastarch Haes-steril(IHAES)
Indication: Pentastarch (weight average molecular

weight 200000) used as an expanding plasma agent in
major either elective or emergency surgery. Ten percent
of medium-molecular-weight pentastarch is a
hyperoncotic solution that produces an expansion of
plasma volume of about 1.5 times the infused volume.
Place in therapy: Pentastarch may be a safe alternative
to albumin as a replacement uid administered during
therapeutic plasma exchange.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity, coagulopathy and
haemorrhage have been reported.
Dosage: Adults: Hypovolemia shock: 20 ml/kg/day;
blood transfusion shock: 20 ml/kg/hr; Children (<10 y/o):
less than 15 ml/kg/hr
Supply: Inj 10% 500ml/bag; each ml contain:
Pentastarch 100 mg
Sodium chlorise 9. 0mg
Succinylated gelatin Gelofusine (IGELO)
Indication: Treatment and prevention of hypovalemia

including absolute hypovolemia hemorrhage. It is also
employed as a plasma volume expander.
Pharmacology: Succinylation of the gelatin molecule
results in a negatively charged molecule, as a colloidal
plasma volume substitute.
Parmacokinetics: Gelofusine has a volume effect
lasting about 3-4 hours. About 1% of the infused drug is
metabolized; 75% of the dose is excreted in the urine in
24 hours. The half-life is about 4 hrs.
Contraindication: Known hypersensitivity to gelatin,
hypervolaemia or hyperhydration, severe cardiac
180 - - 181 - -
insufciency, severe blood clotting disorders.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction including
anaphylactaoid/anaphylactic reactions.
Dosage: A 4% solution of Gelofusine has been infused in
doses of 500 to 1000 ml; the rst 20-30 ml should be
infused slowly, MAX 20 ml/kg/day. Each 1000 ml
Gelofusine contains succinylated gelatin 40gm, NaCl
7.01gm, and sodium hydroxide 1.36 gm. The sodium
concentration is 154 mmol/L.
Supply: Inj. Succinylated gelatin 40 g/L+Na
145 mmol/L+Cl 120 mmol/L, 500ml /bottle
Dextran 40-Rheomacrodex (IRHEO)
Indication: Acute blood loss due to external wounds,

internal bleeding or during operation.
Contraindication: Hypotonic dehydration, severe
cardiac insufciency.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction, anaphylactic
shock, acute renal insufciency. Rarely: nausea, vomiting,
skin rashes.
Dosage: Adult: initially 20 ml/kg IV; prophylaxis &
treatment of thromoboembolism 10 ml/kg daily, not > 5
days; extracorporeal circulation 10-20 ml/kg.
Supply: Inj 10% dextran 50g+glucose 25 g/500 ml/bot
40:18 Ion-removing Agents
40:18.18 Potassium-removing Agents
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate -Resonium-A
(Kayexalate) (OKAYE)

Indication: Treatment of hyperkalemia.
Contraindication: To be caution in patients with renal
failure, severe hypertension, congestive heart failure,
receiving digitalis preparations.
Adverse effect: Electrolyte disturbance, constipation,
fecal impaction, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea.
Dosage: Oral, adults: 15g TID-QID, children: up to
1g/kg/day in divided doses, maintain dose 500mg/kg.
Enema, 30g in aqueous vehicle containing sorbitol or 1%
methylcellulose.
Supply: powder 1 lb (453.6 g)/Bot
Note
1.1g of resin binds about 1mEq of potassium
2.The powder should not be mixed with foods or liquids
that contain a large amount of potassium such as
bananas or orange juice.
40:20 Caloric Agents
3% Amino acid
3% Glycerin
Electrolytes-
Glycal-Amin (IGLYA) (
)
Indication: Peripheral administration in adults to
preserve body protein and improve nitrogen balance in
patients who require short-term parenteral nutrition.
Contraindication: Renal failure, severe liver disease
and hepatic coma, metabolic disorders associated with
impaired nitrogen utilization, hypersensitivity to one or
more amino acids.
Adverse effect: Local reaction (a warm sensation,
erythema, phlebitis and thrombosis), ushing, fever,
nausea.
Dosage: Approximately 3 L/day will provide a total of
90 g of amino acids, 390 non-protein calories and the
recommended daily electrolytes requirements for the
stable patient.
Supply: Inj. 500 ml/Bot. Each 100 ml contain Glycerine
3.0 gm and following amino acids:
L-Isoleucine 210 mg L-Alanine 210 mg
L-Leucine 270 mg L-Arginine 290 mg
L-Lysine acetate 310 mg L-Histidine 85 mg
L-Methionine 160 mg L-Proline 340 mg
L-Phenylalanine 170 mg L-Serine 180 mg
L-Threonine 120 mg Cysteine HCl H
2
O 20 mg
L-Tryptophan 46 mg Glycine 420 mg
L-Valine 200 mg
180 - - 181 - -
insufciency, severe blood clotting disorders.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction including
anaphylactaoid/anaphylactic reactions.
Dosage: A 4% solution of Gelofusine has been infused in
doses of 500 to 1000 ml; the rst 20-30 ml should be
infused slowly, MAX 20 ml/kg/day. Each 1000 ml
Gelofusine contains succinylated gelatin 40gm, NaCl
7.01gm, and sodium hydroxide 1.36 gm. The sodium
concentration is 154 mmol/L.
Supply: Inj. Succinylated gelatin 40 g/L+Na
145 mmol/L+Cl 120 mmol/L, 500ml /bottle
Dextran 40-Rheomacrodex (IRHEO)
Indication: Acute blood loss due to external wounds,

internal bleeding or during operation.
Contraindication: Hypotonic dehydration, severe
cardiac insufciency.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reaction, anaphylactic
shock, acute renal insufciency. Rarely: nausea, vomiting,
skin rashes.
Dosage: Adult: initially 20 ml/kg IV; prophylaxis &
treatment of thromoboembolism 10 ml/kg daily, not > 5
days; extracorporeal circulation 10-20 ml/kg.
Supply: Inj 10% dextran 50g+glucose 25 g/500 ml/bot
40:18 Ion-removing Agents
40:18.18 Potassium-removing Agents
Sodium polystyrene sulfonate -Resonium-A
(Kayexalate) (OKAYE)

Indication: Treatment of hyperkalemia.
Contraindication: To be caution in patients with renal
failure, severe hypertension, congestive heart failure,
receiving digitalis preparations.
Adverse effect: Electrolyte disturbance, constipation,
fecal impaction, anorexia, vomiting, diarrhea.
Dosage: Oral, adults: 15g TID-QID, children: up to
1g/kg/day in divided doses, maintain dose 500mg/kg.
Enema, 30g in aqueous vehicle containing sorbitol or 1%
methylcellulose.
Supply: powder 1 lb (453.6 g)/Bot
Note
1.1g of resin binds about 1mEq of potassium
2.The powder should not be mixed with foods or liquids
that contain a large amount of potassium such as
bananas or orange juice.
40:20 Caloric Agents
3% Amino acid
3% Glycerin
Electrolytes-
Glycal-Amin (IGLYA) (
)
Indication: Peripheral administration in adults to
preserve body protein and improve nitrogen balance in
patients who require short-term parenteral nutrition.
Contraindication: Renal failure, severe liver disease
and hepatic coma, metabolic disorders associated with
impaired nitrogen utilization, hypersensitivity to one or
more amino acids.
Adverse effect: Local reaction (a warm sensation,
erythema, phlebitis and thrombosis), ushing, fever,
nausea.
Dosage: Approximately 3 L/day will provide a total of
90 g of amino acids, 390 non-protein calories and the
recommended daily electrolytes requirements for the
stable patient.
Supply: Inj. 500 ml/Bot. Each 100 ml contain Glycerine
3.0 gm and following amino acids:
L-Isoleucine 210 mg L-Alanine 210 mg
L-Leucine 270 mg L-Arginine 290 mg
L-Lysine acetate 310 mg L-Histidine 85 mg
L-Methionine 160 mg L-Proline 340 mg
L-Phenylalanine 170 mg L-Serine 180 mg
L-Threonine 120 mg Cysteine HCl H
2
O 20 mg
L-Tryptophan 46 mg Glycine 420 mg
L-Valine 200 mg
182 - - 183 - -
Concentration of electrolytes (mEq/L)
Sodium 35;
Potassium 24; Magnesium 5; Calcium 3; Chloride 41 ;
Phosphate 7; Acetate 47 .
Lipovenos 20%(ILIP2)
Indication: Fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition.

Contraindication: Collapse and shock states,
hyperlipoprotein-aemia, impaired lipid metabolism, fat
embolism, hemorrhagic diathesis, thrombosis, acute
hepatitis, existing arteriosclerosis, pregnancy, acute
pancreatitis, orid infections, sepsis.
Adverse effect: Hot ushes, chills, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, dyspnoea, headache, myelalgia, ostalgia,
anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic
diathesis, pathological liver ndings.
Dosage: Not more than 2g fat/kg/day (
10ml/kg/day);
infusion rate: initial 0.05g fat/kg/hr, maintained by < 0.1g
fat/kg/hr
Supply: Inj 20%, 250 ml/bot
Each ml contains:
Glycerol 25.0 mg
Egg lecithin 12.0 mg
Soybean oil 200.0 mg
Sodium oleate 0.3 mg
Sodium hydroxide (1N) q.s. 0-0.001 ml
Total energy
2000 kcal/L
Theoretical osmolarity 273 mOsm/kg
PH value 6.5-8.7
Moriamin-SN (IMORI)
Indication: Adjust in offsetting nitrogen loss or in the
treatment of negative nitrogen balance in patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to one or more amino
acids, severer liver disease or hepatic coma.
Adverse effect: Mild thrombophlebitis, ushing, fever,
nausea, palpitation, rarely acidosis, liver & kidney
function impaired in large doses.
Dosage: Infusion rate: peripheral 200ml/2hrs,
200-400ml/day; central venous 400-800ml/day.
Supply: Inj 200 ml/Bot
Each 200 ml
contains:
W/V % mg/200 ml
L-Isoleucine 0.560 1,120
L-Leucine 1.250 2,500
Lysine 1.240 2,480
L-Methionine 0.350 700
L-Phenylalanine 0.935 1,870
L-Threonine 0.650 1,300
L-Tryptophan 0.130 260
L-Valine 0.450 900
L-Alanine 0.620 1,240
L-Arginine 0.790 1,580
L-Aspartic acid 0.380 760
L-Cysteine 0.100 200
L-Glutamic acid 0.650 1,300
L-Histidine 0.600 1,200
L-Proline 0.330 660
L-Serine 0.220 440
L-Tyrosine 0.035 70
Aminoacetic acid 1.070 2,140
Total nitrogen=15.2mg/ml, Free amino acid conc= 10%
W/V, pH: 5.5-6.5; Osmotic ratio: about 3; Electrolyte
(meq/200 ml) Cl
-
: 0, Na
+
: 1, CH3COO
-
: about 12.

Kabiven/Kabiven Peripheral (IKABI)(IKABP)
Indication: Parenteral nutrition for adult & children > 2 years.
Contraindication: hypersensitivity to egg or soy protein;
severe hyperlipaemia; severe liver insufciency; severe
blood coagulation disorders; inborn errors of amino acid
metabolism; renal insufciency without hemoltration or
dialysis; acute shock; hyperglycemia requiring > 6 units
insulin/hr; pathologically elevated serum electrolyte
levels; hemophagocytotic syndrome; unstable conditions;
infants < 2 years.
Adverse effect: fat overload syndrome, rise in body
temperature, shivering, chills & nausea, vomiting,
transient increases in liver enzymes. Thrombophlebitis.
Dosage: Kabivenadult & children >10 years: 19-38
mL/kg body weight/day; children 2-10 years: initially
182 - - 183 - -
Concentration of electrolytes (mEq/L)
Sodium 35;
Potassium 24; Magnesium 5; Calcium 3; Chloride 41 ;
Phosphate 7; Acetate 47 .
Lipovenos 20%(ILIP2)
Indication: Fat emulsion for parenteral nutrition.

Contraindication: Collapse and shock states,
hyperlipoprotein-aemia, impaired lipid metabolism, fat
embolism, hemorrhagic diathesis, thrombosis, acute
hepatitis, existing arteriosclerosis, pregnancy, acute
pancreatitis, orid infections, sepsis.
Adverse effect: Hot ushes, chills, anorexia, nausea,
vomiting, dyspnoea, headache, myelalgia, ostalgia,
anaemia, leucopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemorrhagic
diathesis, pathological liver ndings.
Dosage: Not more than 2g fat/kg/day (
10ml/kg/day);
infusion rate: initial 0.05g fat/kg/hr, maintained by < 0.1g
fat/kg/hr
Each ml contains:
Glycerol 25.0 mg
Egg lecithin 12.0 mg
Soybean oil 200.0 mg
Sodium oleate 0.3 mg
Sodium hydroxide (1N) q.s. 0-0.001 ml
Total energy
2000 kcal/L
Theoretical osmolarity 273 mOsm/kg
PH value 6.5-8.7
Moriamin-SN (IMORI)
Indication: Adjust in offsetting nitrogen loss or in the
treatment of negative nitrogen balance in patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to one or more amino
acids, severer liver disease or hepatic coma.
Adverse effect: Mild thrombophlebitis, ushing, fever,
nausea, palpitation, rarely acidosis, liver & kidney
function impaired in large doses.
Dosage: Infusion rate: peripheral 200ml/2hrs,
200-400ml/day; central venous 400-800ml/day.
Supply: Inj 200 ml/Bot
Each 200 ml
contains:
W/V % mg/200 ml
L-Isoleucine 0.560 1,120
L-Leucine 1.250 2,500
Lysine 1.240 2,480
L-Methionine 0.350 700
L-Phenylalanine 0.935 1,870
L-Threonine 0.650 1,300
L-Tryptophan 0.130 260
L-Valine 0.450 900
L-Alanine 0.620 1,240
L-Arginine 0.790 1,580
L-Aspartic acid 0.380 760
L-Cysteine 0.100 200
L-Glutamic acid 0.650 1,300
L-Histidine 0.600 1,200
L-Proline 0.330 660
L-Serine 0.220 440
L-Tyrosine 0.035 70
Aminoacetic acid 1.070 2,140
Total nitrogen=15.2mg/ml, Free amino acid conc= 10%
W/V, pH: 5.5-6.5; Osmotic ratio: about 3; Electrolyte
(meq/200 ml) Cl
-
: 0, Na
+
: 1, CH3COO
-
: about 12.

Kabiven/Kabiven Peripheral (IKABI)(IKABP)
Indication: Parenteral nutrition for adult & children > 2 years.
Contraindication: hypersensitivity to egg or soy protein;
severe hyperlipaemia; severe liver insufciency; severe
blood coagulation disorders; inborn errors of amino acid
metabolism; renal insufciency without hemoltration or
dialysis; acute shock; hyperglycemia requiring > 6 units
insulin/hr; pathologically elevated serum electrolyte
levels; hemophagocytotic syndrome; unstable conditions;
infants < 2 years.
Adverse effect: fat overload syndrome, rise in body
temperature, shivering, chills & nausea, vomiting,
transient increases in liver enzymes. Thrombophlebitis.
Dosage: Kabivenadult & children >10 years: 19-38
mL/kg body weight/day; children 2-10 years: initially
184 - - 185 - -
12.5-25 mL/kg/day & increased by 10-15 mL/kg/day up to
a max of 40 mL/kg/day; Kabiven is recommended to be
infused only into a central vein. Kabiven Periphraladult
& children >10 years: 27-40 mL/kg body weight/day;
children 2-10 years: initially 14-28 mL/kg/day & increased
by 10-15 mL/kg/day up to a max of 40 mL/kg/day; by IV
infusion into a peripheral or central vein.
Supply: each 1 L contains:
Kabiven Peripheral
Kabiven
Amino acid (g) 33 24
Nitrogen (g) 5.3 3.5
Fat (g) 39 35
Glucose
(Dextrose) (g)
97 68
Na (mmol) 31 22
K (mmol) 23 17
Mg (mmol) 4 2.8
Ca (mmol) 2 1.4
Phosopate (mmol) 9.7 7.5
Sulphate (mmol) 4 2.8
Cl (mmol) 45 32
Acetate (mmol) 38 27
Energy (kCal) 910 910
Kabiven 1540 ml/bot; Kabiven Peripheral 1440 ml/bot
Aminopoly-H (IAMIH)
Dosage: IV infusion, 1bot/day as needed
Supply: Each 100ml contains: (500 ml/bot)
L-Isoleucine 920 mg
L-Leucine 945 mg
L-Lysine Acetate 395 mg
L-Methionine 65 mg
L-Phenylalanine 30 mg
L-Threonine 300 mg
L-Tryptophane 70 mg
L-Valine 890 mg
L-Alanine 840 mg
L-Arginine 920 mg
L-Histidine 310 mg
L-Proline 530 mg
L-Serine 260 mg
Amino Acetic Acid 540 mg
L-Aspartic Acid 20 mg
L-Tyrosine 60 mg
L-Cysteine 20 mg
Aminol-V (IAMIV)
L-Isoleucine 140 mg
L-Leucine 220 mg
L-Methionine 220 mg
L-Treonine 100 mg
L-Trytophan 50 mg
L-Histidine 120 mg
L-Valine 160 mg
L-Arginine 500 mg
Glycine 1000 mg
L-Alanine 1710 mg
L-Poline 350 mg
L-Lysine 160 mg
L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate 50 mg
L-Malic Acid 350 mg
Nicotinamide 1.5mg
Riboavin-5-Phosphate-Sodium 0.2mg
Panthenol 1 mg
Pyridoxine HCl 0.2mg
Rutin 24mg
Sorbitol 5000mg
Sodium Chloride 175.3mg
Potassium Chlorise 186.4mg/ml
Total Nitrogen 839.7mg/ml
Amiparen (IAMIP) (
)
Indication: Nutritional support for patients with
184 - - 185 - -
12.5-25 mL/kg/day & increased by 10-15 mL/kg/day up to
a max of 40 mL/kg/day; Kabiven is recommended to be
infused only into a central vein. Kabiven Periphraladult
& children >10 years: 27-40 mL/kg body weight/day;
children 2-10 years: initially 14-28 mL/kg/day & increased
by 10-15 mL/kg/day up to a max of 40 mL/kg/day; by IV
infusion into a peripheral or central vein.
Supply: each 1 L contains:
Kabiven Peripheral
Kabiven
Amino acid (g) 33 24
Nitrogen (g) 5.3 3.5
Fat (g) 39 35
Glucose
(Dextrose) (g)
97 68
Na (mmol) 31 22
K (mmol) 23 17
Mg (mmol) 4 2.8
Ca (mmol) 2 1.4
Phosopate (mmol) 9.7 7.5
Sulphate (mmol) 4 2.8
Cl (mmol) 45 32
Acetate (mmol) 38 27
Energy (kCal) 910 910
Kabiven 1540 ml/bot; Kabiven Peripheral 1440 ml/bot
Aminopoly-H (IAMIH)
L-Isoleucine 920 mg
L-Leucine 945 mg
L-Lysine Acetate 395 mg
L-Methionine 65 mg
L-Threonine 300 mg
L-Tryptophane 70 mg
L-Valine 890 mg
L-Alanine 840 mg
L-Arginine 920 mg
L-Histidine 310 mg
L-Proline 530 mg
L-Serine 260 mg
Amino Acetic Acid 540 mg
L-Aspartic Acid 20 mg
L-Tyrosine 60 mg
L-Cysteine 20 mg
Aminol-V (IAMIV)
L-Isoleucine 140 mg
L-Leucine 220 mg
L-Methionine 220 mg
L-Treonine 100 mg
L-Trytophan 50 mg
L-Histidine 120 mg
L-Valine 160 mg
L-Arginine 500 mg
Glycine 1000 mg
L-Alanine 1710 mg
L-Poline 350 mg
L-Lysine 160 mg
L-Ornithine-L-Aspartate 50 mg
L-Malic Acid 350 mg
Nicotinamide 1.5mg
Riboavin-5-Phosphate-Sodium 0.2mg
Panthenol 1 mg
Pyridoxine HCl 0.2mg
Rutin 24mg
Sorbitol 5000mg
Sodium Chloride 175.3mg
Potassium Chlorise 186.4mg/ml
Total Nitrogen 839.7mg/ml
Amiparen (IAMIP) (
)
Indication: Nutritional support for patients with
186 - - 187 - -
hypoproteinemia, malnutrition.
Contraindication: Hepatic coma, severly impaired renal
function, abnormal amino acid metabolism.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity, GI upsets, chest
discomfort, palpitations, occasional chills, hot ushes,
fever, headache, increase of GOT, GPT & BUN level.
Dosage: Adult 400-800 ml/TPN, 200-400 ml/IV infusion
(amino acid 10 g/60 min)
Supply: Amino acids 10%, total nitrogen 15.7 g/L,
branched amino acids 30%, Na 2 meq/L, acetate 120
meq/L; 400 ml/bot.
Arginine oxoglurate-Eucol(IEUCO)(
)
Indication: Liver dysfunction; general physical & mental
apathy; hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic alcohol
abuse.
Dosage: 1-2 vial (2.5-5 g) daily IV
Dextrose (glucose) Injection (IG5%)
(IVITA)(
)(IG10%)(I50GW) (
)(IGW50)(
Indication: Sodium depletion, hypertonic used for shock,

anti-ketogenic action used for acidosis, provide calories
(5%, 10%, 20%, 50% infusion), 50 % dextrose for insulin
hypoglycemia.
Contraindication: Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage,
diabetic coma, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.
Adverse effect: Thrombophlebitis, hyperglycemia,
glycosuria.
Dosage: depend on the age, weight and clinical condition.
The maximum rate is 0.5g/kg/hr.
Supply: Inj 5%, 500 ml/bot, 250 ml/bot; Inj 10% 500 ml/bot;
Inj 50%, 500 ml/bot, 50%, 20 ml/amp
Dextrose (glucose) and Sodium chloride (I509)(ID509)
(I5033)(I5045)(I5022)(
)
Indication: Maintenance uid therapy, sodium depletion.
Contraindication: Edema, circulatory overload.
Supply: 5% G/W + 0.9% N/S 500 ml, 1000 ml; 5% G/W
+ 0.33% N/S 500 ml; 5% G/W + 0.45 N/S 500 ml; 5% G/W
+ 0.225% N/S 500 ml

40:28 Diuretics
40:28.08 Loop Diuretics
Furosemide-Lasix(OLASI)(ILASI)
Indication: Hypertension, acute pulmonary edema,
edema due to congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis
and renal disease.
Contraindication: Anuria, hypersensitive to furosemide.
Adverse effect: Dehydration, hypokalemia, glucose
intolerance, hypochloremic alkalosis, hyperuricemia.
Dosage: 40-500 mg/day, maximum daily dose: 600 mg.
Stability: NS or D5W with furosemide 600 mg/L is
physically compatible for 24 hours.
40:28.12 Osmotic Diuretics
Mannitol (IMAN5)
Indication: Glaucoma, cerebral edema, measurement of

glomerular ltration rate.
Contraindication: Pulmonary congestion or pulmonary
edema, congestive heart failure, severe dehydration.
Adverse effect: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance,
hypersensitivity, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache
(when given by mouth).
Dosage: IV infusion, 50-200 g/day, maximum dose: 6 g/kg.
Stability: Mannitol solution may be crystallization at low
temperature. It can be resolubilized by heating to 70-80

in a water bath. Allow the solution to cool to room
temperature before reinspection for crystals. The solution
is incompatible with potassium chloride or sodium
chloride for the latter will be salt out.
186 - - 187 - -
hypoproteinemia, malnutrition.
Contraindication: Hepatic coma, severly impaired renal
function, abnormal amino acid metabolism.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity, GI upsets, chest
discomfort, palpitations, occasional chills, hot ushes,
fever, headache, increase of GOT, GPT & BUN level.
Dosage: Adult 400-800 ml/TPN, 200-400 ml/IV infusion
(amino acid 10 g/60 min)
Supply: Amino acids 10%, total nitrogen 15.7 g/L,
branched amino acids 30%, Na 2 meq/L, acetate 120
meq/L; 400 ml/bot.
Arginine oxoglurate-Eucol(IEUCO)(
)
Indication: Liver dysfunction; general physical & mental
apathy; hepatic encephalopathy due to chronic alcohol
abuse.
Dosage: 1-2 vial (2.5-5 g) daily IV
Dextrose (glucose) Injection (IG5%)
(IVITA)(
)(IG10%)(I50GW) (
)(IGW50)(
Indication: Sodium depletion, hypertonic used for shock,

anti-ketogenic action used for acidosis, provide calories
(5%, 10%, 20%, 50% infusion), 50 % dextrose for insulin
hypoglycemia.
Contraindication: Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage,
diabetic coma, glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.
Adverse effect: Thrombophlebitis, hyperglycemia,
glycosuria.
Dosage: depend on the age, weight and clinical condition.
The maximum rate is 0.5g/kg/hr.
Supply: Inj 5%, 500 ml/bot, 250 ml/bot; Inj 10% 500 ml/bot;
Inj 50%, 500 ml/bot, 50%, 20 ml/amp
Dextrose (glucose) and Sodium chloride (I509)(ID509)
(I5033)(I5045)(I5022)(
)
Indication: Maintenance uid therapy, sodium depletion.
Contraindication: Edema, circulatory overload.
Supply: 5% G/W + 0.9% N/S 500 ml, 1000 ml; 5% G/W
+ 0.33% N/S 500 ml; 5% G/W + 0.45 N/S 500 ml; 5% G/W
+ 0.225% N/S 500 ml

40:28 Diuretics
40:28.08 Loop Diuretics
Furosemide-Lasix(OLASI)(ILASI)
Indication: Hypertension, acute pulmonary edema,
edema due to congestive heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis
and renal disease.
Contraindication: Anuria, hypersensitive to furosemide.
Adverse effect: Dehydration, hypokalemia, glucose
intolerance, hypochloremic alkalosis, hyperuricemia.
Dosage: 40-500 mg/day, maximum daily dose: 600 mg.
Stability: NS or D5W with furosemide 600 mg/L is
physically compatible for 24 hours.
40:28.12 Osmotic Diuretics
Mannitol (IMAN5)
Indication: Glaucoma, cerebral edema, measurement of

Contraindication: Pulmonary congestion or pulmonary
edema, congestive heart failure, severe dehydration.
Adverse effect: Fluid and electrolyte imbalance,
hypersensitivity, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, headache
(when given by mouth).
Dosage: IV infusion, 50-200 g/day, maximum dose: 6 g/kg.
Stability: Mannitol solution may be crystallization at low
temperature. It can be resolubilized by heating to 70-80

in a water bath. Allow the solution to cool to room
temperature before reinspection for crystals. The solution
is incompatible with potassium chloride or sodium
chloride for the latter will be salt out.
188 - - 189 - -
Glycetose (IGLYC)
Indication: Treatment of intracranial edema, and increased
intracranial pressure, reduction of brain or
eyeball volume during brain or eye surgery.
Contraindication: Patients with hereditary fructose
intolerance.
Adverse effect: Occult blood in urine, hemoglobinuria,
headache.
Dosage: Usual adult dose: 200-500mg QD or Q12H IV
infusion for 2-3 hours, duration of administration: 1-2
weeks.
40:28.20 Thiazide Diuretics
Trichlormethiazide-Fluitran (OFLUI)

heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal disease and
corticosteroid therapy.
Contraindication: Anuria, hypersensitivity to
trichlormethiazide.
Adverse effect: Nausea, ushing of face, hypokalemia,
hyponatremia, hypochloremic alkalosis.
Dosage: 2-4 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
40:28.24 Thiazide-like Diuretics
Metolazone-Mykrox(OMYKR)

Indication: Metolazone is an effective diuretic for edema
and essential hypertension. It has been used in patients
with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome.
Place in therapy: The only apparent advantage over other
thiazides is its usefulness in patients with a decreased
Contraindication: Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated
in patients with anuria, hypersensitivity to other thiazide
diuretics, or sulfonamides and in use in pregnant women.
Adverse effect: Anemia, orthostatic hypotension,
hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyponatremia.
Dosage: Adults: Initial oral dose 0.5 mg/day, increase to
1 mg/day. Children: 0.2-0.4 mg/kg/day; safety and
efcacy of metolazone have not been established in
pediatric patients and manufacturer is not recommended
its use in children.
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
IndapamideNatrilixSR (ONAT1)
Indax SR (OINDA)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides;
severe hepatic or renal failure, hypokalemia.
Adverse effect: Fatigue, orthostatic hypotension,
hypokalaemia, allergic manifestations.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg (Natrilix, Indax)
40:36 Irrigating Solutions
Ringers Solution (IRSB)
Dosage IV infusion, 500-1000 ml
Supply: 500 ml/bot; Each bot contains : Sodium chloride
0.86%, Potassium chloride 0.03% & Calcium chloride
0.033%
Bss (Balanced Salt Solution) (IBSS)
Indication: Irrigation during various surgical procedures
of eyes, ears, and/or throat.
Precautions: Diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy.
Adverse effect: Postoperative inammatory reaction;
corneal edema and decompensation; bullous keratopathy.
Supply: Soln each ml contains: Sodium chloride 0.64%,
Potassium chloride 0.075%, Calcium chloride dihydrate
0.048%, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.03%,
Sodium acetate trihydrate 0.39%, Sodium citrate
dihydrate 0.17%, Sodium hydroxide and/or Hydrochloric
188 - - 189 - -
Glycetose (IGLYC)
Indication: Treatment of intracranial edema, and increased
intracranial pressure, reduction of brain or
eyeball volume during brain or eye surgery.
Contraindication: Patients with hereditary fructose
intolerance.
Adverse effect: Occult blood in urine, hemoglobinuria,
headache.
Dosage: Usual adult dose: 200-500mg QD or Q12H IV
infusion for 2-3 hours, duration of administration: 1-2
weeks.
40:28.20 Thiazide Diuretics
Trichlormethiazide-Fluitran (OFLUI)

heart failure, hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal disease and
corticosteroid therapy.
Contraindication: Anuria, hypersensitivity to
trichlormethiazide.
Adverse effect: Nausea, ushing of face, hypokalemia,
hyponatremia, hypochloremic alkalosis.
Dosage: 2-4 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
40:28.24 Thiazide-like Diuretics
Metolazone-Mykrox(OMYKR)

Indication: Metolazone is an effective diuretic for edema
and essential hypertension. It has been used in patients
with renal failure and nephrotic syndrome.
Place in therapy: The only apparent advantage over other
thiazides is its usefulness in patients with a decreased
Contraindication: Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated
in patients with anuria, hypersensitivity to other thiazide
diuretics, or sulfonamides and in use in pregnant women.
Adverse effect: Anemia, orthostatic hypotension,
hypokalemia, hyperuricemia, and hyponatremia.
Dosage: Adults: Initial oral dose 0.5 mg/day, increase to
1 mg/day. Children: 0.2-0.4 mg/kg/day; safety and
efcacy of metolazone have not been established in
pediatric patients and manufacturer is not recommended
its use in children.
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
IndapamideNatrilixSR (ONAT1)
Indax SR (OINDA)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to sulfonamides;
severe hepatic or renal failure, hypokalemia.
Adverse effect: Fatigue, orthostatic hypotension,
hypokalaemia, allergic manifestations.
Supply: Tab 1.5 mg (Natrilix, Indax)
40:36 Irrigating Solutions
Ringers Solution (IRSB)
Dosage IV infusion, 500-1000 ml
Supply: 500 ml/bot; Each bot contains : Sodium chloride
0.86%, Potassium chloride 0.03% & Calcium chloride
0.033%
Bss (Balanced Salt Solution) (IBSS)
Indication: Irrigation during various surgical procedures
of eyes, ears, and/or throat.
Precautions: Diabetic patients undergoing vitrectomy.
Adverse effect: Postoperative inammatory reaction;
corneal edema and decompensation; bullous keratopathy.
Supply: Soln each ml contains: Sodium chloride 0.64%,
Potassium chloride 0.075%, Calcium chloride dihydrate
0.048%, Magnesium chloride hexahydrate 0.03%,
Sodium acetate trihydrate 0.39%, Sodium citrate
dihydrate 0.17%, Sodium hydroxide and/or Hydrochloric
190 - - 191 - -
acid to adjust pH and water for injection; 250 ml/bot.
40:40 Uricosuric Agents
Benzbromarone-Deuron(ODEUR)
Indication: Benzbromarone is a uricosuric used to treat

asymptomatic and symptomatic hyperuricemia, gout.
Contraindication: Renal dysfunction, glomerular
ltration rate is less than 20 ml/minute; Benzbromarone
therapy should not be initiated during an acute attack of
gout.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, rash; benzbromarone may
precipitate an acute attack of gout and/or uric acid
nephropathy. Ensure adequate uid intake and
maintenance of a relatively high urine pH to reduce the
risk of nephrolithiasis.
Dosage: 50-200 mg QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Sulnpyrazone (OSULF)
Indication: Treatment of hyperuricaemia associated with
chronic gout.
Contraindication: Peptic ulceration, nephrolithiasis,
blood dyscrasias, severe kidney or liver damage.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, allergic skin reactions.
Rarely, anaemia, raised hepatic enzyme levels, jaundice.
Dosage: Initially 100-200 mg bid, gradually increased to
a max dose of 800 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
44:00 Enzymes
Serratiopeptidase Danzen(ODANZ)
Indication: Used in the treatment of inammatory
disorders.
Contraindication: Patients with reduced plasminogen or
brinogen levels, acute cellulitis with suppuration,
bronchopleural stulas.
Pregnancy risk category: No data available.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, skin rash.
Dosage: Usual dose 1-2 of enteric coated tabs, TID, to
be swallowed whole with warm drinking water.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (10,000 U).
Bromelain/L-Cysteine Broen-C(OBROE)
Indication: Adjunct in the treatment of inammatory &
edema associated with trauma or surgery.
Place in therapy: Bromelain are sulfhydryl proteolytic
wnzymes that are obtained from the pineapple plant and
used as an enzyme to aid in digestion. Bromelain acts
primarily to help maintain hemeostasis in inammatoty
processes.
Contraindication: Coagulation disorders, dialysis,
hyperssnitive to bromelain or pineapply, and severe liver
or kidney impairment
Adverse effect: Bronchial asthma, erythema and
pruritus, increase in heart rate, palpitations, stomach
ache, diarrhea
Dosage: Initially 2 tab qid, maintenance 1 tab qid
Supply: Tab Bromelain 20000 units/L-Cysteine 20 mg
48:00 Respiratory Tract Agents
48:08 Antitussives
Codeine (OCODE)

disorders.
hours.
190 - - 191 - -
acid to adjust pH and water for injection; 250 ml/bot.
40:40 Uricosuric Agents
Benzbromarone-Deuron(ODEUR)
Indication: Benzbromarone is a uricosuric used to treat

asymptomatic and symptomatic hyperuricemia, gout.
Contraindication: Renal dysfunction, glomerular
ltration rate is less than 20 ml/minute; Benzbromarone
therapy should not be initiated during an acute attack of
gout.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, rash; benzbromarone may
precipitate an acute attack of gout and/or uric acid
nephropathy. Ensure adequate uid intake and
maintenance of a relatively high urine pH to reduce the
risk of nephrolithiasis.
Dosage: 50-200 mg QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Sulnpyrazone (OSULF)
Indication: Treatment of hyperuricaemia associated with
chronic gout.
Contraindication: Peptic ulceration, nephrolithiasis,
blood dyscrasias, severe kidney or liver damage.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, allergic skin reactions.
Rarely, anaemia, raised hepatic enzyme levels, jaundice.
Dosage: Initially 100-200 mg bid, gradually increased to
a max dose of 800 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
44:00 Enzymes
Serratiopeptidase Danzen(ODANZ)
Indication: Used in the treatment of inammatory
disorders.
Contraindication: Patients with reduced plasminogen or
brinogen levels, acute cellulitis with suppuration,
bronchopleural stulas.
Adverse effect: GI disturbance, skin rash.
Dosage: Usual dose 1-2 of enteric coated tabs, TID, to
be swallowed whole with warm drinking water.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (10,000 U).
Bromelain/L-Cysteine Broen-C(OBROE)
Indication: Adjunct in the treatment of inammatory &
edema associated with trauma or surgery.
Place in therapy: Bromelain are sulfhydryl proteolytic
wnzymes that are obtained from the pineapple plant and
used as an enzyme to aid in digestion. Bromelain acts
primarily to help maintain hemeostasis in inammatoty
processes.
Contraindication: Coagulation disorders, dialysis,
hyperssnitive to bromelain or pineapply, and severe liver
or kidney impairment
Adverse effect: Bronchial asthma, erythema and
pruritus, increase in heart rate, palpitations, stomach
ache, diarrhea
Dosage: Initially 2 tab qid, maintenance 1 tab qid
Supply: Tab Bromelain 20000 units/L-Cysteine 20 mg
48:00 Respiratory Tract Agents
48:08 Antitussives
Codeine (OCODE)

disorders.
hours.
192 - - 193 - -
Supply: Tab 30 mg
Dextromethorphan-Delcopan SR (ODELC)
Indication: Relief acute or chronic cough syndrome

Pharmacology:Dextromethorphan is the D-isomer of
the codeine analog of levorphanol, but has little analgesic
or addictive properties. However, it does act on the
cough center in the medulla oblongata by elevating the
threshold for coughing.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset 1-2hr; duration 12 hr.
Extensively metabolized, including appreciable rst-pass
effect, mainly to the active metabolite dextrophan. The
rate of metabolism varies between individuals according
to phenotype (extensive vs poor metabolizers).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to dextromethorphan,
co-administration with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Adverse effect:

Dizziness (mild), somnolence (mild),
fatigue (mild). Intoxication, bizarre behavior, CNS
depression, and respiratory depression can occur with
extremely high dosages.
Dosage:

60 mg orally twice daily, MAX dose 120 mg/day
Supply: Tab 60 mg
Fucou (OFUCO)
Indication: Cough
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap dextromethorphan 20 mg, potassium
cresolsulfonate 90 mg, lysozyme chloride 20 mg
Benzonatate-Bansau(OBENS)
Indication: Benzonatate is an antitussive agent with
local anesthetic properties. Benzonatate is utilized for the
symptomatic relief of cough.
Place in therapy: Benzonatate is an effective antitussive
and an alternative to opioid antitussives, such as codeine.
It appears to have a more sustained cough-suppressing
effect than many other antitussives.
Contraindication: Benzonatate is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Use with
caution in children less than 10 years of age.
Adverse effect: Numbness of the mouth, headache, and
drowsiness
Dosage: Adults: 100 mg PO TID; Benzonatate perles
should be swallowed without chewing since they can
produce temporary anesthesia of the mouth and pharynx
Pharmacokinetics: The onset of therapeutic effect is
within 15 to 20 minutes; the duration of antitussive effect
is 3 to 8 hours.
Supply: Cap 100 mg
Dimemorfan Phosphate-Astomin(OASTO)
Indication: Symptomatic control of cough
Precautions: Diabetes mellitus
Adverse effect: Infrequently, change in glucose
tolerance; dizziness, drowsiness; dry mouth, nausea,
vomiting. Rarely, malaise, tachycardia, palpitations, hot
ushes.
Dosage: Adult 1-2 tab tid. Children 1 tab tid
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Sodium Dibunate - Becantex(OBECA)
Indication: Cough suppressant in non-productive cough
Pharmacology: Becantex is a non-narcotic antitussive
agent. It is claimed to have central and peripheral actions
on the cough reex.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 15 ~30 minutes;
Duration: 7~12 hr
Dosage: Adulst: Usual dose: 1 tab PO TID~QID; in
severe case: 2 tab TID-QID or 1 tab 5-6 times/day
Children: 4~8 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 30 mg
Oxeladin-Pacomin(OPACO)
Indication: Non-productive cough
Dosage: Adult 60 mg; children (>8 years) 30 mg, (5-8
192 - - 193 - -
Supply: Tab 30 mg
Dextromethorphan-Delcopan SR (ODELC)
Indication: Relief acute or chronic cough syndrome

Pharmacology:Dextromethorphan is the D-isomer of
the codeine analog of levorphanol, but has little analgesic
or addictive properties. However, it does act on the
cough center in the medulla oblongata by elevating the
threshold for coughing.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset 1-2hr; duration 12 hr.
Extensively metabolized, including appreciable rst-pass
effect, mainly to the active metabolite dextrophan. The
rate of metabolism varies between individuals according
to phenotype (extensive vs poor metabolizers).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to dextromethorphan,
co-administration with monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Adverse effect:

Dizziness (mild), somnolence (mild),
fatigue (mild). Intoxication, bizarre behavior, CNS
depression, and respiratory depression can occur with
extremely high dosages.
Dosage:

60 mg orally twice daily, MAX dose 120 mg/day
Supply: Tab 60 mg
Fucou (OFUCO)
Indication: Cough
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap dextromethorphan 20 mg, potassium
cresolsulfonate 90 mg, lysozyme chloride 20 mg
Benzonatate-Bansau(OBENS)
Indication: Benzonatate is an antitussive agent with
local anesthetic properties. Benzonatate is utilized for the
symptomatic relief of cough.
Place in therapy: Benzonatate is an effective antitussive
and an alternative to opioid antitussives, such as codeine.
It appears to have a more sustained cough-suppressing
effect than many other antitussives.
Contraindication: Benzonatate is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity to the drug. Use with
caution in children less than 10 years of age.
Adverse effect: Numbness of the mouth, headache, and
drowsiness
Dosage: Adults: 100 mg PO TID; Benzonatate perles
should be swallowed without chewing since they can
produce temporary anesthesia of the mouth and pharynx
Pharmacokinetics: The onset of therapeutic effect is
within 15 to 20 minutes; the duration of antitussive effect
is 3 to 8 hours.
Supply: Cap 100 mg
Dimemorfan Phosphate-Astomin(OASTO)
Indication: Symptomatic control of cough
Precautions: Diabetes mellitus
Adverse effect: Infrequently, change in glucose
tolerance; dizziness, drowsiness; dry mouth, nausea,
vomiting. Rarely, malaise, tachycardia, palpitations, hot
ushes.
Dosage: Adult 1-2 tab tid. Children 1 tab tid
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Sodium Dibunate - Becantex(OBECA)
Indication: Cough suppressant in non-productive cough
Pharmacology: Becantex is a non-narcotic antitussive
agent. It is claimed to have central and peripheral actions
on the cough reex.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action: 15 ~30 minutes;
Duration: 7~12 hr
Dosage: Adulst: Usual dose: 1 tab PO TID~QID; in
severe case: 2 tab TID-QID or 1 tab 5-6 times/day
Children: 4~8 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 30 mg
Oxeladin-Pacomin(OPACO)
Indication: Non-productive cough
Dosage: Adult 60 mg; children (>8 years) 30 mg, (5-8
194 - - 195 - -
years) 20 mg. To be taken tid.
Supply: Tab 20 mg

Nocough Syrup (BNOCO)
Dosage: Adults: 10-15 ml every 3-4 hours
Children: 6-12 yo, 5 ml 4-5 times/day; 3-6 yo, 2.5-5
ml 2-3 times/day; 1-3yo, 2.5 ml 2-3 times/day
Supply: Soln 120 ml/bot, each mL contain:
Dextromethorphan HBr 1 mg
Glyceryl Guaiaolate 5 mg
Phenylephrine HCI 1 mg
Chlorpheniramine maleate 0.2 mg
Fusoco Syrup (BFUSO)
Dosage: Adults 20 ml TID
Children 4-2 yo 4 ml
7-5 yo 7 ml
15-8 yo 10 ml TID
Supply: Soln 120 ml/bot, each ml contain:
Dextromethorphan HBr 0.5 mg
dl Methylephedrine Hcl 0.4 mg
Potassium Guaiacol Sulfonate 6 mg
Ammonium Chloride 2 mg
Liquid Brown Mixture (BBML)
Dosage: Adult 5 ml TID-QID
Supply: Soln 200 ml/bot, each ml contain glycyrrhiza
uid extract 0.12 ml, opium tincture 0.012 ml, antimony
potassium tartrate 0.24 mg, ethyl nitrite spirit 0.03 ml
48:10 Anti-inammatory Agents
48:10.24 Leukotriene Modiers
Montelukast-Singulair(OSING)
Indication: Prophylaxis & chronic treatment of asthma

and for the relief symptoms of seasonal allerc rhinitis.
Precautions: Should not be used for treatment of acute
asthma attacks. Should not be abruptly substituted for
inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Pregnancy & lactation.
Children < 6 months.
Adverse effect: abdominal pain, headache, thirst, diarrhea,
hyperkinesias, asthma, eczematous dermatitis, and rash.
Dosage: Asthma &/ or seasonal allergic rhinitisadult
>15 years 10 mg daily. For asthma, the dose should be
taken in evening. For seasonal allergic rhinitis, the time of
administration may be individualized to suit patient needs.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
48:16 Expectorants
Bromhexine HCl-Bisolvon (OBISO)(BBISO)
Indication: To change the structure of bronchial

secretions and to reduce the viscosity of sputum, and
used as an expectorant.
Contraindication: Use with caution to patients with gastric
ulceration.
Adverse effect: Nausea, GI disturbance.
Dosage: Adults: 8-16 mg TID or QID. Children: 5-10 yrs,
4 mg QID; 5 yrs, 4 mg BID. Babies: 5 drops TID
Supply: Tab 8 mg; Soln 2 mg/ml, 50ml/bot
Ambroxol HCl-Mucosolvan (OMUSC)
Loxol SR(OLOXO)
Indication: Ambroxol is used as an expectorant and
mucolytic in the treatment of pulmonary disorders such
as bronchitis and pulmonary infections to facilitate the
removal of secretions from the lungs.
Place in therapy: Ambroxol is used in the treatment of
bronchitis and pulmonary infections to facilitate the
removal of secretions from the respiratory tract.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include fatigue, dry mouth,
rhinorrhea, constipation, dysuria, and contact dermatitis.
Dosage: Adults: 60-180 mg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses;
Children: up to 2 years: 15 mg/day; 2-5 yrs: 15-30 mg/day;
194 - - 195 - -
years) 20 mg. To be taken tid.
Supply: Tab 20 mg

Nocough Syrup (BNOCO)
Dosage: Adults: 10-15 ml every 3-4 hours
Children: 6-12 yo, 5 ml 4-5 times/day; 3-6 yo, 2.5-5
ml 2-3 times/day; 1-3yo, 2.5 ml 2-3 times/day
Supply: Soln 120 ml/bot, each mL contain:
Dextromethorphan HBr 1 mg
Glyceryl Guaiaolate 5 mg
Phenylephrine HCI 1 mg
Fusoco Syrup (BFUSO)
Dosage: Adults 20 ml TID
Children 4-2 yo 4 ml
7-5 yo 7 ml
15-8 yo 10 ml TID
Supply: Soln 120 ml/bot, each ml contain:
Dextromethorphan HBr 0.5 mg
dl Methylephedrine Hcl 0.4 mg
Potassium Guaiacol Sulfonate 6 mg
Ammonium Chloride 2 mg
Liquid Brown Mixture (BBML)
Dosage: Adult 5 ml TID-QID
Supply: Soln 200 ml/bot, each ml contain glycyrrhiza
uid extract 0.12 ml, opium tincture 0.012 ml, antimony
potassium tartrate 0.24 mg, ethyl nitrite spirit 0.03 ml
48:10.24 Leukotriene Modiers
Montelukast-Singulair(OSING)
Indication: Prophylaxis & chronic treatment of asthma

and for the relief symptoms of seasonal allerc rhinitis.
Precautions: Should not be used for treatment of acute
asthma attacks. Should not be abruptly substituted for
inhaled or oral corticosteroids. Pregnancy & lactation.
Children < 6 months.
Adverse effect: abdominal pain, headache, thirst, diarrhea,
hyperkinesias, asthma, eczematous dermatitis, and rash.
Dosage: Asthma &/ or seasonal allergic rhinitisadult
>15 years 10 mg daily. For asthma, the dose should be
taken in evening. For seasonal allergic rhinitis, the time of
administration may be individualized to suit patient needs.
Supply: Tab 10 mg
48:16 Expectorants
Bromhexine HCl-Bisolvon (OBISO)(BBISO)
Indication: To change the structure of bronchial

secretions and to reduce the viscosity of sputum, and
used as an expectorant.
Contraindication: Use with caution to patients with gastric
ulceration.
Adverse effect: Nausea, GI disturbance.
Dosage: Adults: 8-16 mg TID or QID. Children: 5-10 yrs,
4 mg QID; 5 yrs, 4 mg BID. Babies: 5 drops TID
Supply: Tab 8 mg; Soln 2 mg/ml, 50ml/bot
Ambroxol HCl-Mucosolvan (OMUSC)
Loxol SR(OLOXO)
Indication: Ambroxol is used as an expectorant and
mucolytic in the treatment of pulmonary disorders such
as bronchitis and pulmonary infections to facilitate the
removal of secretions from the lungs.
Place in therapy: Ambroxol is used in the treatment of
bronchitis and pulmonary infections to facilitate the
removal of secretions from the respiratory tract.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include fatigue, dry mouth,
rhinorrhea, constipation, dysuria, and contact dermatitis.
Dosage: Adults: 60-180 mg/day in 2 or 3 divided doses;
Children: up to 2 years: 15 mg/day; 2-5 yrs: 15-30 mg/day;
196 - - 197 - -
5-12 yrs: 30-45 mg/day, 12 years and older: 60-90 mg/day
Pharmacokinetics: About 5-6% of a dose is excreted
unchanged in the urine. Alpha half-life: 1.3 hrs and beta
half-life: of 8.8 hrs.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Mucosolvan), 75 mg (Loxol)
52:00 Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Preparations
52:02 Antiallergic Agents
Azelastine-Azela(EAZEL)
Indication: Allergic rhinitis.

Adverse effect: Rarely, irritation of inamed nasal
mucosa on spraying. Improper administration may
produce a taste disturbance.
Dosage: Adult & children >6 years 1 puff into each nostril
bid.
Supply: Nasal spray 0.1 % 100 puff/bot.
Kasulo Nasal Spray (EKASU)
Indication: Naphazoline is an imidazoline
alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a nasal and ocular
decongestant. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine of
the propylamine class. Kasulo nasal spray can be used
for sneezing, running nose, and other initial symptoms of
common cold.
Contraindication: Kasulo is contraindicated in patients
who have hypersensitivity to these components and
children younger than 2 years old. Naphazoline should
be used with caution in patients with a history of
cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, hypertension,
and diabetes
Adverse effect: Systemic adverse effects of
chlorphiramine include agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, arrhythmias, dyskinesias, psychotic
reactions, and cutaneous reactions. Topical use of
Naphazoline can cause burning, stinging, nasal dryness,
headaches, insomnia, dizziness, tremors, palpitations,
rebound congestion, and rhinitis medicamentosa with
prolonged use; excessive absorption (or overdose) may
result in arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension,
bradycardia, and central nervous system depression.
Dosage: Nasal spray 2-3 puffs QID
Pharmacokinetics: Naphazoline has a rapid onset of
action when used topically, usually within 5 minutes with
duration of action of approximately 2 to 6 hours.
Supply: Nasal spray 15 ml/bot, each ml contain
naphazoline 0.5 mg and chlorpheniramine 4 mg
Spersallerg eye drops (ESPEG)
Indication: Irritant conjunctivitis, allergic inammatory

conditions of the conjunctiva, particularly hay fever
conjunctivitis & vernal conjunctivitis.
Adverse effect: Mild burning sensation; headache,
sleepiness, tachycardia.
Dosage: Acute stage: 1 drop 3 hrly. Continuous use: 1
drop 2-3 times daily. Severe cases: use hrly. InfantMax
1-2 drop daily.
Supply: Soln 10 ml/bot, each ml contain: antazoline HCl
0.5 mg+tetrahydrozoline HCl 0.4 mg
52:04 Anti-infectives
52:04.04 Antibacterials
Sulfamethoxazole Oph Solution-Kingmin (Sinomin)
(ESINO)
Indication: Treatment of local infections of eye due to

susceptible microorganism.
Contraindication: Sulfonamides ophthalmic products
should not be used with silver preparations.
Dosage: 1 drop TID-QID
Supply: Soln 4%, 10 ml/bot.
196 - - 197 - -
5-12 yrs: 30-45 mg/day, 12 years and older: 60-90 mg/day
Pharmacokinetics: About 5-6% of a dose is excreted
unchanged in the urine. Alpha half-life: 1.3 hrs and beta
half-life: of 8.8 hrs.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Mucosolvan), 75 mg (Loxol)
52:00 Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat (EENT) Preparations
52:02 Antiallergic Agents
Azelastine-Azela(EAZEL)
Indication: Allergic rhinitis.

Adverse effect: Rarely, irritation of inamed nasal
mucosa on spraying. Improper administration may
produce a taste disturbance.
Dosage: Adult & children >6 years 1 puff into each nostril
bid.
Supply: Nasal spray 0.1 % 100 puff/bot.
Kasulo Nasal Spray (EKASU)
Indication: Naphazoline is an imidazoline
alpha-adrenergic agonist used as a nasal and ocular
decongestant. Chlorpheniramine is an antihistamine of
the propylamine class. Kasulo nasal spray can be used
for sneezing, running nose, and other initial symptoms of
common cold.
Contraindication: Kasulo is contraindicated in patients
who have hypersensitivity to these components and
children younger than 2 years old. Naphazoline should
be used with caution in patients with a history of
cardiovascular disease, thyroid disease, hypertension,
and diabetes
Adverse effect: Systemic adverse effects of
chlorphiramine include agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia,
thrombocytopenia, arrhythmias, dyskinesias, psychotic
reactions, and cutaneous reactions. Topical use of
Naphazoline can cause burning, stinging, nasal dryness,
headaches, insomnia, dizziness, tremors, palpitations,
rebound congestion, and rhinitis medicamentosa with
prolonged use; excessive absorption (or overdose) may
result in arrhythmias, hypertension, hypotension,
bradycardia, and central nervous system depression.
Dosage: Nasal spray 2-3 puffs QID
Pharmacokinetics: Naphazoline has a rapid onset of
action when used topically, usually within 5 minutes with
duration of action of approximately 2 to 6 hours.
Supply: Nasal spray 15 ml/bot, each ml contain
naphazoline 0.5 mg and chlorpheniramine 4 mg
Spersallerg eye drops (ESPEG)
Indication: Irritant conjunctivitis, allergic inammatory

conditions of the conjunctiva, particularly hay fever
conjunctivitis & vernal conjunctivitis.
Adverse effect: Mild burning sensation; headache,
sleepiness, tachycardia.
Dosage: Acute stage: 1 drop 3 hrly. Continuous use: 1
drop 2-3 times daily. Severe cases: use hrly. InfantMax
1-2 drop daily.
Supply: Soln 10 ml/bot, each ml contain: antazoline HCl
0.5 mg+tetrahydrozoline HCl 0.4 mg
Sulfamethoxazole Oph Solution-Kingmin (Sinomin)
(ESINO)
Indication: Treatment of local infections of eye due to

susceptible microorganism.
Contraindication: Sulfonamides ophthalmic products
should not be used with silver preparations.
198 - - 199 - -
Chloramphenicol Oph Soln CM(ECM)
Indication: Treatment of local infections of the eye due

to suscepctible microorgansim.
Adverse effect: Bone marrow hypoplasia.
Supply: Soln 0.25%, 10ml/bot
Erythromycin oph oint Ilotycin (EILOT)
Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections of the eye

involving the conjunctiva &/or cornea caused by
susceptible organisms.
Adverse effect: Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions, ocular
irritation or redness.
Dosage: Apply up to 6 times daily.
Supply: Oph onit 0.5% 3.5 g/tube

Gentamicin oph solu-Gentamycin (
)(EGM)

Indication: Superical bacterial infection of the eye & its
adnexa.
Adverse effect: Discontinue if irritation or sensitization
occurs.
Supply: Soln 0.3% 5 ml/bot
Tetracycline oph oint-Tetracycline (ETETR)
Indication: Ophthalmia neonatorum (prophylaxis);

trachoma
Dosage: Ocular infections: a thin strip of oint q2-4h or
more frequently; ophthalmia neonatorum: a thin strip of
oint as a single dose.
Supply: Oph oint 10 mg/g, 5 g/tube
Otozambon Ear Drop (EOTOZ)
Indication: Otitis externa & media, furunculosis of
auricular tube, allergic dermatoses of exudative,
seborrheic & eczematous type, suppurative
complications following ear & mastoid surgery, otalgia.
Contraindication: Infected TB lesions of ear;
chickenpox; live vaccine; herpes simplex.
Precautions: Perforations of tympanic membrane.
Dosage: 4-5 drop BID-QID
Supply: Soln 8 ml/bot, each ml contains: Polymyxin B
Sulphate 10,000 IU, neomycin sulphate 5mg, lidocaine
hydrochloride 40mg
Ooxacin Tarivid OTIC(ETARI)
Indication: The otic solution of ooxacin is indicated for

the treatment of otitis externa and acute otitis media in
pediatric patients 1 year and older with tympanostomy
tubes, and chronic, suppurative otitis media with
perforated tympanic membranes in patients 12 years of
age and older.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ooxacin or to
other uoroquinolones; otic solution is not for ophthalmic
use or for injection
hypersensitivity, ear pain, replacement the rehabitated
external normal ora
Dosage: Adults: otitis externa 5 to 10 drops twice a day
for 10 days (patients 12 years and older); Children: otitis
externa; 5 drops twice a day for 10 days (1 to 12 years of
age)
Supply: Otic soln 3 mg/ml, 5 ml/bot
52:04.20 Antivirals
Acyclovir Zovirax Oph Oint(EZOVIR)

ulceration has resulted from accidental infusion into the
tissue extravascularly.
Dosage: Slow IV infusion 5mg/kg over 1 hour Q8H,
198 - - 199 - -
Chloramphenicol Oph Soln CM(ECM)
Indication: Treatment of local infections of the eye due

to suscepctible microorgansim.
Adverse effect: Bone marrow hypoplasia.
Supply: Soln 0.25%, 10ml/bot
Erythromycin oph oint Ilotycin (EILOT)
Indication: Treatment of bacterial infections of the eye

involving the conjunctiva &/or cornea caused by
susceptible organisms.
Adverse effect: Rarely, hypersensitivity reactions, ocular
irritation or redness.
Dosage: Apply up to 6 times daily.
Supply: Oph onit 0.5% 3.5 g/tube

Gentamicin oph solu-Gentamycin (
)(EGM)

Indication: Superical bacterial infection of the eye & its
adnexa.
Adverse effect: Discontinue if irritation or sensitization
occurs.
Supply: Soln 0.3% 5 ml/bot
Tetracycline oph oint-Tetracycline (ETETR)
Indication: Ophthalmia neonatorum (prophylaxis);

trachoma
Dosage: Ocular infections: a thin strip of oint q2-4h or
more frequently; ophthalmia neonatorum: a thin strip of
oint as a single dose.
Supply: Oph oint 10 mg/g, 5 g/tube
Otozambon Ear Drop (EOTOZ)
Indication: Otitis externa & media, furunculosis of
auricular tube, allergic dermatoses of exudative,
seborrheic & eczematous type, suppurative
complications following ear & mastoid surgery, otalgia.
Contraindication: Infected TB lesions of ear;
chickenpox; live vaccine; herpes simplex.
Precautions: Perforations of tympanic membrane.
Dosage: 4-5 drop BID-QID
Supply: Soln 8 ml/bot, each ml contains: Polymyxin B
Sulphate 10,000 IU, neomycin sulphate 5mg, lidocaine
hydrochloride 40mg
Ooxacin Tarivid OTIC(ETARI)
Indication: The otic solution of ooxacin is indicated for

the treatment of otitis externa and acute otitis media in
pediatric patients 1 year and older with tympanostomy
tubes, and chronic, suppurative otitis media with
perforated tympanic membranes in patients 12 years of
age and older.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to ooxacin or to
other uoroquinolones; otic solution is not for ophthalmic
use or for injection
hypersensitivity, ear pain, replacement the rehabitated
external normal ora
Dosage: Adults: otitis externa 5 to 10 drops twice a day
for 10 days (patients 12 years and older); Children: otitis
externa; 5 drops twice a day for 10 days (1 to 12 years of
age)
Supply: Otic soln 3 mg/ml, 5 ml/bot
52:04.20 Antivirals
Acyclovir Zovirax Oph Oint(EZOVIR)

ulceration has resulted from accidental infusion into the
tissue extravascularly.
Dosage: Slow IV infusion 5mg/kg over 1 hour Q8H,
200 - - 201 - -
maximum daily dose: 30 mg/kg or 1.5 g/m2. Cream: apply
5 times daily at approximately 4 hr interval for 5-10 days.
Oph oint: apply 10 mm 5 times daily approximately 4 hrly,
continue for 3 days after healing.
Supply: Oph oint 3% 4.5 g/tube
52:08.08 Corticosteroids
Rinderon A Oph Oint/Soln (ERIND) (ERINDE)
Indication: Anti-inammation of conjunctiva, cornea,
sclera, choroid.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to betamethasone
products or other corticosteroids
Adverse effect: Induce intraocular pressure elevation,
glaucoma.
Dosage: Soln1 drop TID-QID; Ointone to several
times/day
Supply: Oint 3 gm/tub; Soln 5 ml/bot, each g (ml)
contains: betamethasone 0.1% & fradiomycin 0.35%
Prednisolone acetate Pred forte Oph Susp
(EPRED)
Indication: Treatment of palpebral and bulbar

conjunctivitis, corneal injury from chemical, radiation,
thermal burns, or foreign body penetration.
Contraindication: Acute untreated purulent ocular
infections, acute supercial herpes simplex (dendritic
keratitis), vaccinia, varicella and most other viral disease
of the cornea and conjunctiva, ocular tuberculosis and
fungal diseases of the eye.
Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure, optic
nerve damage, defects in the visual elds.
Dosage and Administration: 1 to 2 drops instilled into
the conjunctival sac 2 to 4 times daily. During the initial
24 to 48 hours the dosage may be safely increased to 2
drops every hour.
Supply: Susp 1%, 5 ml/bot
Fluorometholone (FML) Flumetholon Oph Susp
(EFLU2)
Indication: Fluorometholone is a topical corticosteroid

used as an ophthalmic antiinammatory agent. It is
indicated in inammation of the palpebral and bulbar
conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe.
Place in therapy: Fluorometholone may be of particular
value in treating the indicated ocular conditions in those
patients susceptible to elevation of intraocular pressure
associated with corticosteroid therapy.
Contraindication: Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis;
Fungal diseases of the ocular structures; hypersensitivity
to any of the components of the preparation;
mycobacterial infection of the eye; vaccinia; varicella and
other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Adverse effect: Ophthalmic corticosteroids have caused
elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible
development of glaucoma, subcapsular cataracts, and
delayed wound healing. Ocular infections especially
fungal and viral infections have also been reported.
Dosage: 1 drop to eye BID to QID
Stability: Protect from light.
Supply: Oph susp 0.02%, 5 ml/bot
Triamcinolone acetonide Nasacort AQ
(ENASA)
Indication: Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis

symptoms.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone,
systemic fungal infections
Adverse effect: Rhinitis, headache, pharingitis, epistaxis,
nasal irritation, dry mucous membrane, nasal congestion
and sneezing.
Dosage: For adults and children over 12 years old, the
initial dose is 2 metered sprays (55 mcg/spray) in each
nostril once a day (220 mcg/day); maintenance, 1 metered
200 - - 201 - -
maximum daily dose: 30 mg/kg or 1.5 g/m2. Cream: apply
5 times daily at approximately 4 hr interval for 5-10 days.
Oph oint: apply 10 mm 5 times daily approximately 4 hrly,
continue for 3 days after healing.
Supply: Oph oint 3% 4.5 g/tube
52:08.08 Corticosteroids
Rinderon A Oph Oint/Soln (ERIND) (ERINDE)
Indication: Anti-inammation of conjunctiva, cornea,
sclera, choroid.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to betamethasone
products or other corticosteroids
Adverse effect: Induce intraocular pressure elevation,
glaucoma.
Dosage: Soln1 drop TID-QID; Ointone to several
times/day
Supply: Oint 3 gm/tub; Soln 5 ml/bot, each g (ml)
contains: betamethasone 0.1% & fradiomycin 0.35%
Prednisolone acetate Pred forte Oph Susp
(EPRED)
Indication: Treatment of palpebral and bulbar

conjunctivitis, corneal injury from chemical, radiation,
thermal burns, or foreign body penetration.
Contraindication: Acute untreated purulent ocular
infections, acute supercial herpes simplex (dendritic
keratitis), vaccinia, varicella and most other viral disease
of the cornea and conjunctiva, ocular tuberculosis and
fungal diseases of the eye.
Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure, optic
nerve damage, defects in the visual elds.
Dosage and Administration: 1 to 2 drops instilled into
the conjunctival sac 2 to 4 times daily. During the initial
24 to 48 hours the dosage may be safely increased to 2
drops every hour.
Supply: Susp 1%, 5 ml/bot
Fluorometholone (FML) Flumetholon Oph Susp
(EFLU2)
Indication: Fluorometholone is a topical corticosteroid

used as an ophthalmic antiinammatory agent. It is
indicated in inammation of the palpebral and bulbar
conjunctiva, cornea, and anterior segment of the globe.
Place in therapy: Fluorometholone may be of particular
value in treating the indicated ocular conditions in those
patients susceptible to elevation of intraocular pressure
associated with corticosteroid therapy.
Contraindication: Epithelial herpes simplex keratitis;
Fungal diseases of the ocular structures; hypersensitivity
to any of the components of the preparation;
mycobacterial infection of the eye; vaccinia; varicella and
other viral diseases of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Adverse effect: Ophthalmic corticosteroids have caused
elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP) with possible
development of glaucoma, subcapsular cataracts, and
delayed wound healing. Ocular infections especially
fungal and viral infections have also been reported.
Dosage: 1 drop to eye BID to QID
Stability: Protect from light.
Supply: Oph susp 0.02%, 5 ml/bot
Triamcinolone acetonide Nasacort AQ
(ENASA)
Indication: Seasonal and perennial allergic rhinitis

symptoms.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to triamcinolone,
systemic fungal infections
Adverse effect: Rhinitis, headache, pharingitis, epistaxis,
nasal irritation, dry mucous membrane, nasal congestion
and sneezing.
Dosage: For adults and children over 12 years old, the
initial dose is 2 metered sprays (55 mcg/spray) in each
nostril once a day (220 mcg/day); maintenance, 1 metered
202 - - 203 - -
spray in each nostril once a day (110 mcg/day).
For children 6 to 12 years old, the initial dosage is 110
mcg once daily, 1 spray in each nostril. Age < 6 yr,
dosage not established.
Supply: Nasal spray 55mcg/dose, 120 sprays/bot
Mometasone furoate-Nasonex (ENASO)
Indication: Treatment of seasonal or perennial rhinitis &

associated symptoms in adults, adolescents & children >
3 years. Treatment of mild to severe nasal polyps &
associated symptoms in adults > 18 years.
Precautions: Presence of untreated localized infection
involving the nasal mucosa. Recent nasal surgery or
trauma. Active or quiescent tuberculous infections of resp
tract, or in untreated fungal, bacterial, systemic viral
infections or ocular herpes simplex. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal
burning, nasal irritation & nasal ulceration.
Dosage: Prophylaxis & treatment of seasonal allergic or
perennial rhinitis: adult & adolescent 2 sprays into each
nostril once daily; children 3-11 years 1 spray into each
nostril once daily. Treatment of nasal polyps: adult >18 yr
2 sprays in each nostril BID; may be reduced to 2 sprays
in each nostril once daily once symptoms are adequately
controlled.
Supply: Nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation, 140 metered
doses/bot
Fluticasone propionate Flixonase(EFLIX)
Flixotide(EFLI2)(
)
Indication: Fluticasone is a medium-potency topical
corticosteroid. It is also available as an inhalation product
for the treatment of asthma.
Place in therapy: Inhaled uticasone has an oral
bioavailability of less than 1%. It has a high afnity for the
glucocorticoid receptor in the lungs. Fluticasone is also
more lipophilic than its precursors and concentrates in
the lungs to a higher extent, thus stronger
antiinammatory action and better therapeutic efcacy
can be expected.
Contraindication: Fluticasone is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity, status asthmaticus or other
acute episodes of asthma. And use with cautions the
inhaler should not be stopped abruptly or when
transferring a patient from systemic corticosteroids to
uticasone inhaler. Caution is necessary especially
during periods of stress. Weaning of systemic
corticosteroids should be done slowly (eg, 2.5 mg per
week of prednisone) when transferring to uticasone
inhaler.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects associated with inhaled
uticasone include headache, pharyngitis, nasal
congestion, dysphonia, and oral candidiasis.
Dosage: Adults and children age over 12: 100 g-1000 g
BID inhalation; for aqueous spray 2 puffs each nostril QD,
maximal 4 puffs each nostril daily. Children: >4 yr
50-100 g BID inhalation; age <12 y/o for aqueous nasal spray
1 puff each nostril QD, maximum 2 puffs each nosdril QD
Pharmacokinetics: The plasma half-life of uticasone is
Supply: Nasal spray 50 g/metered spray, 120 doses/bot;
Accuhaler 250 g/dose, 60 doses/box.
Salmeterol/uticasone-Seretide(ESERT)

asthma.
2
agonist and offer effective protection against
histamine-induced broncho-constriction and produce a
anti-inammatory action within the lung, resulting in
202 - - 203 - -
spray in each nostril once a day (110 mcg/day).
For children 6 to 12 years old, the initial dosage is 110
mcg once daily, 1 spray in each nostril. Age < 6 yr,
dosage not established.
Supply: Nasal spray 55mcg/dose, 120 sprays/bot
Mometasone furoate-Nasonex (ENASO)
Indication: Treatment of seasonal or perennial rhinitis &

associated symptoms in adults, adolescents & children >
3 years. Treatment of mild to severe nasal polyps &
associated symptoms in adults > 18 years.
Precautions: Presence of untreated localized infection
involving the nasal mucosa. Recent nasal surgery or
trauma. Active or quiescent tuberculous infections of resp
tract, or in untreated fungal, bacterial, systemic viral
infections or ocular herpes simplex. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Headache, epistaxis, pharyngitis, nasal
burning, nasal irritation & nasal ulceration.
Dosage: Prophylaxis & treatment of seasonal allergic or
perennial rhinitis: adult & adolescent 2 sprays into each
nostril once daily; children 3-11 years 1 spray into each
nostril once daily. Treatment of nasal polyps: adult >18 yr
2 sprays in each nostril BID; may be reduced to 2 sprays
in each nostril once daily once symptoms are adequately
controlled.
Supply: Nasal spray 50 mcg/actuation, 140 metered
doses/bot
Fluticasone propionate Flixonase(EFLIX)
Flixotide(EFLI2)(
)
Indication: Fluticasone is a medium-potency topical
corticosteroid. It is also available as an inhalation product
for the treatment of asthma.
Place in therapy: Inhaled uticasone has an oral
bioavailability of less than 1%. It has a high afnity for the
glucocorticoid receptor in the lungs. Fluticasone is also
more lipophilic than its precursors and concentrates in
the lungs to a higher extent, thus stronger
antiinammatory action and better therapeutic efcacy
can be expected.
Contraindication: Fluticasone is contraindicated in
patients with hypersensitivity, status asthmaticus or other
acute episodes of asthma. And use with cautions the
inhaler should not be stopped abruptly or when
transferring a patient from systemic corticosteroids to
uticasone inhaler. Caution is necessary especially
during periods of stress. Weaning of systemic
corticosteroids should be done slowly (eg, 2.5 mg per
week of prednisone) when transferring to uticasone
inhaler.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects associated with inhaled
uticasone include headache, pharyngitis, nasal
congestion, dysphonia, and oral candidiasis.
Dosage: Adults and children age over 12: 100 g-1000 g
BID inhalation; for aqueous spray 2 puffs each nostril QD,
maximal 4 puffs each nostril daily. Children: >4 yr
50-100 g BID inhalation; age <12 y/o for aqueous nasal spray
1 puff each nostril QD, maximum 2 puffs each nosdril QD
Pharmacokinetics: The plasma half-life of uticasone is
Supply: Nasal spray 50 g/metered spray, 120 doses/bot;
Accuhaler 250 g/dose, 60 doses/box.
Salmeterol/uticasone-Seretide(ESERT)

asthma.
2
agonist and offer effective protection against
histamine-induced broncho-constriction and produce a
anti-inammatory action within the lung, resulting in
204 - - 205 - -
Adverse effect: Upper respiratory tract infection,
headache, serum glucose increased, serum potassium
decreased, hoarseness/dysphonia, oral candidiasis
Supply: Accuhaler 60 inhalations/bot, each single
provides 50 mcg salmeterol and 250 mcg uticasone
Formoterol/budesonide-Symbicort (ESYMB)
in asthmatic patients experiencing persistent
symptoms on inhaled glucocorticoids alone.
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to budesonide
or formoterol
uncommon with inhaled budesonide in daily doses of
less than 800g.
formoterol in each dose, 120 doses/device
Triamcinolone acetonide- Nincort(ENINC)
Indication: Acute and chronic oral lesions.
Contraindication: Same as hydrocortisone.
Administration: Apply a small dab (about 1/4 inch) to
the lesion at bed time, or 2-3 times a day after meals.
Supply: Oral gel 3.5 g/tube, each gm contains
triamcinolone 1 mg.
52:16 Local Anesthetics
Proparacaine HCl Alcaine Oph Solution
(EALCA)(
)
Indication: Short-term local anesthesia in the eye.
Adverse effect: Mild transient corneal edema may occur
but is unusual.
Adminstration: For simple surgical procedure use 1-2
drops topically. For cataract extraction, 1 drop is instilled
every 5-10 mins to a total of 5-7 application (onset: 20
secs; duration: 15 mins).
Supply: Soln 0.5%, 15 ml/bot.
52:24 Mydriatics
Atropine Eye Soln (EATR1)
Indication: Mydriatic and cyclopegic agent, uveitis,
amblyopia
Contraindication: Patient with glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Contact dermatitis involving the lids and
conjunctiva is frequently seen after the topical use, and
acceleration of the heart rate may occur after topical
application.
Dosage: 1 or 2 drops of solution or ointment instilled into
the eye one to three times a day. Each drops of 0.5%
solution of atropine contains 0.25 mg of atropine.
Supply: Soln 0.5% 10ml/bot
Tropicamide Mydriacyl Oph Solution
(EMYDR)(
)
Indication: Mydriasis & cycloplegia for diagnostic
204 - - 205 - -
Adverse effect: Upper respiratory tract infection,
headache, serum glucose increased, serum potassium
decreased, hoarseness/dysphonia, oral candidiasis
Supply: Accuhaler 60 inhalations/bot, each single
provides 50 mcg salmeterol and 250 mcg uticasone
Formoterol/budesonide-Symbicort (ESYMB)
in asthmatic patients experiencing persistent
symptoms on inhaled glucocorticoids alone.
Contraindication: Prior hypersensitivity to budesonide
or formoterol
uncommon with inhaled budesonide in daily doses of
less than 800g.
formoterol in each dose, 120 doses/device
Triamcinolone acetonide- Nincort(ENINC)
Indication: Acute and chronic oral lesions.
Contraindication: Same as hydrocortisone.
Administration: Apply a small dab (about 1/4 inch) to
the lesion at bed time, or 2-3 times a day after meals.
Supply: Oral gel 3.5 g/tube, each gm contains
triamcinolone 1 mg.
Proparacaine HCl Alcaine Oph Solution
(EALCA)(
)
Indication: Short-term local anesthesia in the eye.
Adverse effect: Mild transient corneal edema may occur
but is unusual.
Adminstration: For simple surgical procedure use 1-2
drops topically. For cataract extraction, 1 drop is instilled
every 5-10 mins to a total of 5-7 application (onset: 20
secs; duration: 15 mins).
Supply: Soln 0.5%, 15 ml/bot.
52:24 Mydriatics
Atropine Eye Soln (EATR1)
Indication: Mydriatic and cyclopegic agent, uveitis,
amblyopia
Contraindication: Patient with glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Contact dermatitis involving the lids and
conjunctiva is frequently seen after the topical use, and
acceleration of the heart rate may occur after topical
application.
Dosage: 1 or 2 drops of solution or ointment instilled into
the eye one to three times a day. Each drops of 0.5%
solution of atropine contains 0.25 mg of atropine.
Supply: Soln 0.5% 10ml/bot
Tropicamide Mydriacyl Oph Solution
(EMYDR)(
)
Indication: Mydriasis & cycloplegia for diagnostic
206 - - 207 - -
procedures.
Contraindication: Primary glaucoma or a tendency
toward glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure.
Psychotic reactions, behavioral disturbances, cardioresp
collapse in children & some adults; transient stinging, dru
mouth, blurred vision, photophobia with or without
corneal staining, tachycardia, headache,
parasympathetic stimulation, allergic reactions.
Dosage: Refraction 1-2 drop repeated in 5 mins. Fundus
exam 1-2 drop. 15-20 mins prior to exam.
Supply: Oph soln 1 % 5 ml/bot
Cyclopentolate HCl -Cyclogyl Oph Solution
(ECYCL)
Indication: Mydriasis & cycloplegia.

Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure, burning,
photophobia, blurred vision, irritation, hyperemia,
conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, punctuate keratitis,
synechiae.
Dosage: Adult & children 1 or 2 drop which may be
repeated in 5-10 mins if necessary. Small infant 1 drop in
each eye.
Supply: Eye soln 1 % 5 ml/bot.
52:28 Mouthwashes and Gargles
Chlorhexidine Gluconate- Parmason(EPARM)
Indication: Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic antimicrobial
which is active against gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine is indicated for topical use in preoperative
skin preparation, skin wound and general skin cleansing,
and as a surgical hand scrub for health care professionals.
Orally, chlorhexidine is indicated as a mouth rinse for
treating gingivitis between dental visits.
Place in therapy: Oral chlorhexidine mouth rinses have
been effective in decreasing plaque formation and in
controlling gingivitis. The formulation should be
considered as an adjunct to mechanical toothbrushing
and professional dental prophylaxis rather than as a
substitute. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse may be used as a
short-term substitute for toothbrushing in situations
where the patient is unable to tolerate mechanical
stimulation of the gums, such as after oral surgery.
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effect with topical
chlorhexidine is skin irritation. Deafness has been
reported when chlorhexidine is instilled into the middle
ear through a perforated eardrum. With oral rinsing, the
most common adverse effect of chlorhexidine is tooth
staining. This staining is a cosmetic problem and may be
removed with professional dental cleaning. Transient
alterations in taste perception have also been reported
with oral chlorhexidine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine
Dosage: As an oral rinse, about 15 ml of chlorhexidine
mouth rinse should be used for 30 seconds twice daily
after toothbrushing. Oral mouth rinse should be
expectorated, not swallowed.
Supply: Gargle soln 0.2% 200 ml/bot

52:32 Vasoconstrictors
Phenylephrine (EPHEN)
Indication: Mydriasis.
Adverse effect: Eye irritation & pain, blurred vision,
photophobia. May also cause systemic effects like
arrhythmias, hypertension, coronary artery spasm.
Dosage: 1 drop as required.
Supply: Eye drops 100 mg/ml, 5 ml/bot
206 - - 207 - -
procedures.
Contraindication: Primary glaucoma or a tendency
toward glaucoma.
Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure.
Psychotic reactions, behavioral disturbances, cardioresp
collapse in children & some adults; transient stinging, dru
mouth, blurred vision, photophobia with or without
corneal staining, tachycardia, headache,
parasympathetic stimulation, allergic reactions.
Dosage: Refraction 1-2 drop repeated in 5 mins. Fundus
exam 1-2 drop. 15-20 mins prior to exam.
Supply: Oph soln 1 % 5 ml/bot
Cyclopentolate HCl -Cyclogyl Oph Solution
(ECYCL)
Indication: Mydriasis & cycloplegia.

Adverse effect: Increased intraocular pressure, burning,
photophobia, blurred vision, irritation, hyperemia,
conjunctivitis, blepharoconjunctivitis, punctuate keratitis,
synechiae.
Dosage: Adult & children 1 or 2 drop which may be
repeated in 5-10 mins if necessary. Small infant 1 drop in
each eye.
Supply: Eye soln 1 % 5 ml/bot.
52:28 Mouthwashes and Gargles
Chlorhexidine Gluconate- Parmason(EPARM)
Indication: Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic antimicrobial
which is active against gram-positive and gram-negative
bacteria, facultative anaerobes and aerobes, and yeast.
Chlorhexidine is indicated for topical use in preoperative
skin preparation, skin wound and general skin cleansing,
and as a surgical hand scrub for health care professionals.
Orally, chlorhexidine is indicated as a mouth rinse for
treating gingivitis between dental visits.
Place in therapy: Oral chlorhexidine mouth rinses have
been effective in decreasing plaque formation and in
controlling gingivitis. The formulation should be
considered as an adjunct to mechanical toothbrushing
and professional dental prophylaxis rather than as a
substitute. Chlorhexidine mouthrinse may be used as a
short-term substitute for toothbrushing in situations
where the patient is unable to tolerate mechanical
stimulation of the gums, such as after oral surgery.
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effect with topical
chlorhexidine is skin irritation. Deafness has been
reported when chlorhexidine is instilled into the middle
ear through a perforated eardrum. With oral rinsing, the
most common adverse effect of chlorhexidine is tooth
staining. This staining is a cosmetic problem and may be
removed with professional dental cleaning. Transient
alterations in taste perception have also been reported
with oral chlorhexidine.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to chlorhexidine
Dosage: As an oral rinse, about 15 ml of chlorhexidine
mouth rinse should be used for 30 seconds twice daily
after toothbrushing. Oral mouth rinse should be
expectorated, not swallowed.
Supply: Gargle soln 0.2% 200 ml/bot

52:32 Vasoconstrictors
Phenylephrine (EPHEN)
Indication: Mydriasis.
Adverse effect: Eye irritation & pain, blurred vision,
photophobia. May also cause systemic effects like
arrhythmias, hypertension, coronary artery spasm.
Dosage: 1 drop as required.
Supply: Eye drops 100 mg/ml, 5 ml/bot
208 - - 209 - -
52:40 Antiglaucoma Agents
52:40.08

Carteolol HCl Arteoptic Oph Solution(EARTE)
Indication: Carteolol is a long-acting nonselective

beta-adrenergic blocking agent with moderate intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity, no membrane stabilizing
activity and low lipid solubility. Carteolol ophthalmic
solution is indicated, alone or in combination with other
intraocular pressure lowering agents, for the treatment of
chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Place in therapy: Carteolol appears to be comparable in
efcacy to betaxolol and timolol, but offers no clear
advantages over either agent.
Contraindication: Ocular administration can result in
some systemic absorption; the precautionary statements r
egarding oral and ocular administration are the same.
It is contraindicated in patient with bronchial asthma or
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic shock,
hypersensitivity to carteolol, overt cardiac failure,
severe sinus bradycardia.
Adverse effect: Transient eye irritation, burning, tearing,
conjunctival hyperemia, and edema have been reported
in approximately 25% of patients following ocular
administration of carteolol. Other effects reported include
blurred or cloudy vision, light sensitivity, decreased night
vision, ptosis, redness, abnormal corneal staining,
blepharoconjunctivitis, and corneal sensitivity.
Dosage: Adults: glaucoma: one drop BID
Pharmacokinetics: Peak response of ophthalmic soln: 2
to 3 hours
Stability: Store at 15 to 25
and protect from light

Supply: Ophth soln 2% 5 ml/bot
Timolol maleate Timoptol XE Oph Solution (ETIM5)
Indication: Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Contraindication: Patient with bronchospasm, severe
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or uncontrolled
cardiac failure.
Adverse effect: Bradycardia, palpitation, hypotension,
syncope, congestive heart failure, exacerbation of
intrinsic bronchial asthma, psychic disorientation, and
confusion. It is advisable to monitor pulse rate and blood
pressure in patients receiving timolol.
Dosage: 1 drop QD
Supply: Oph soln 0.5%, 2.5 ml/bot.
52:40.12 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide- Diamox (ODIAMO)
Indication: Acetazolamide is a useful adjunct to the

therapy of open angle glaucoma, seizure, edema, and
CHF. It has been used to prevent acute mountain sickness.
Contraindication: Patients with hyperkalemia or
progressive renal failure; concomitant with
potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium salt.
diarrhea or constipation, thirst, dizziness, hyperkalemia.
Dosage: Antiglaucoma: 0.25-1.5g/day in divided doses.
Anticonvulsion: 8-30 mg/kg/day in divided doses; maximum
daily dose: 1.5 g. Prophylaxis of mountain sickness: 250mg
BID-TID prior to ascent. Diuresis: 250-375 mg QD. Rapid
tolerance to acetazolamide diuresis develops when used on
daily basis. To obtain maximal diuretic effect, an alternate
day dosing is recommended
Supply: Tab 250 mg

Dorzolamide Trusopt(ETRUS)
Indication: Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor for topical application. Dorzolamide 2%
ophthalmic solution given 2 to 3 times daily has been
demonstrated to be effective in lowering intraocular
pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular
hypertension, with an approved dosing regimen of 3
times daily
208 - - 209 - -
52:40 Antiglaucoma Agents
52:40.08

Carteolol HCl Arteoptic Oph Solution(EARTE)
Indication: Carteolol is a long-acting nonselective

beta-adrenergic blocking agent with moderate intrinsic
sympathomimetic activity, no membrane stabilizing
activity and low lipid solubility. Carteolol ophthalmic
solution is indicated, alone or in combination with other
intraocular pressure lowering agents, for the treatment of
chronic open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.
Place in therapy: Carteolol appears to be comparable in
efcacy to betaxolol and timolol, but offers no clear
advantages over either agent.
Contraindication: Ocular administration can result in
some systemic absorption; the precautionary statements r
egarding oral and ocular administration are the same.
It is contraindicated in patient with bronchial asthma or
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic shock,
hypersensitivity to carteolol, overt cardiac failure,
severe sinus bradycardia.
Adverse effect: Transient eye irritation, burning, tearing,
conjunctival hyperemia, and edema have been reported
in approximately 25% of patients following ocular
administration of carteolol. Other effects reported include
blurred or cloudy vision, light sensitivity, decreased night
vision, ptosis, redness, abnormal corneal staining,
blepharoconjunctivitis, and corneal sensitivity.
Dosage: Adults: glaucoma: one drop BID
Pharmacokinetics: Peak response of ophthalmic soln: 2
to 3 hours
Stability: Store at 15 to 25
and protect from light

Supply: Ophth soln 2% 5 ml/bot
Timolol maleate Timoptol XE Oph Solution (ETIM5)
Indication: Treatment of chronic open-angle glaucoma.

Contraindication: Patient with bronchospasm, severe
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or uncontrolled
cardiac failure.
Adverse effect: Bradycardia, palpitation, hypotension,
syncope, congestive heart failure, exacerbation of
intrinsic bronchial asthma, psychic disorientation, and
confusion. It is advisable to monitor pulse rate and blood
pressure in patients receiving timolol.
Dosage: 1 drop QD
Supply: Oph soln 0.5%, 2.5 ml/bot.
52:40.12 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Acetazolamide- Diamox (ODIAMO)
Indication: Acetazolamide is a useful adjunct to the

therapy of open angle glaucoma, seizure, edema, and
CHF. It has been used to prevent acute mountain sickness.
Contraindication: Patients with hyperkalemia or
progressive renal failure; concomitant with
potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium salt.
diarrhea or constipation, thirst, dizziness, hyperkalemia.
Dosage: Antiglaucoma: 0.25-1.5g/day in divided doses.
Anticonvulsion: 8-30 mg/kg/day in divided doses; maximum
daily dose: 1.5 g. Prophylaxis of mountain sickness: 250mg
BID-TID prior to ascent. Diuresis: 250-375 mg QD. Rapid
tolerance to acetazolamide diuresis develops when used on
daily basis. To obtain maximal diuretic effect, an alternate
day dosing is recommended
Supply: Tab 250 mg

Dorzolamide Trusopt(ETRUS)
Indication: Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase
inhibitor for topical application. Dorzolamide 2%
ophthalmic solution given 2 to 3 times daily has been
demonstrated to be effective in lowering intraocular
pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular
hypertension, with an approved dosing regimen of 3
times daily
210 - - 211 - -
Place in therapy: The most obvious advantage over
systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy is the
smaller dose administered and minimal adverse effects.
It is especially useful in patients for whom beta-blockers
are contraindicated. Dorzolamide also be used in
combination with a beta-blocker where it provides further
reduction in intraocular pressures.
Contraindication: Cardiogenic shock, current or history
of bronchial asthma, hypersensitivity, Overt cardiac failure,
second or third degree atrioventricular block,
severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus
bradycardia; The preservative Benzalkonium chloide
may be absorbed by contact lens, should a 15-min lag
before putting on contact lens.
Adverse effect: Major local adverse effects in clinical
studies have included burning, stinging discomfort upon
instillation, supercial punctate keratitis, ocular allergic
reaction, blurred vision, tearing, dryness, and photophobia;
systemic reactions include bitter taste, headache, nausea,
and asthenia/fatigue. Occular reactions, headache or
vertigo are the most common reasons for drug withdrawal.
Dosage: Adults: glaucoma or ocular hypertension:
1 drop Q8H-Q12H. Children: The safety and efcacy in
children has not been determined
Supply: Ophth soln 2%, 5 ml/bot
Dorzolamide/Timolol-Cosopt (ECOSO)
C/D
Indication: Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in

patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular
hypertension who are insufciently responsive to
b-blokcers.
Contraindication: Bronchial asthma or a history of
bronchial asthma, or severe COPD, sinus bradycardia,
2nd or 3rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure,
cardiogenic shock.
Adverse effect: Taste perversion, ocular burning &/or
stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision,
supercial punctate keratitis or eye itching.
Dosage: 1 drop into the affected eyes bid.
Supply: Ophth soln 2% dorzolamide, 0.5% timolol, 5
ml/bot.
52:40.20 Miotics
Pilocarpine nitrate Oph Solution - OPD(EOPD2)
Indication: As a miotic; to reduce elevated intraocular

pressure in glaucoma; alternated with mydriatics to break
up adhesions between the iris and lens.
Adverse effect: Common adverse effects associated
with the ophthalmic preparations include burning, itching
or smarting of the eyes, blurred vision, difcult with night
vision, red eyes, headaches, and nervousness.
Dose: Glaucoma: 1 drop in the eyes of a 1% or 2%
solution Q6-8H
Pharmacokinetics: Miosis usually occurs within 10 to 30
minutes of instillation; maximal decrease in intraocular
pressure occurs at 2 to 4 hours.
Carbachol-Miostat(IMIOS)(
Indication: Intraocular use for miosis during surgery.

Precautions: Patients with acute cardiac failure,
bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, GI
spasm, urinary tract obstruction & Parkinsons disease.
Adverse effect: Corneal clouding, bullous keratopathy,
post-op iritis.
Dosage: Instill no more than 1/2 ml into the anterior
chamber.
Supply: Vial 0.01% 1.5 ml
Neostigmine-O.N.S.D.(EONSD)
Indication: Relief of fatigue of ocular muscle.

Dosage: 1-2 drop 3-5 times daily.
Supply: Eye Soln 0.01 % 10 ml/bot.
210 - - 211 - -
Place in therapy: The most obvious advantage over
systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitor therapy is the
smaller dose administered and minimal adverse effects.
It is especially useful in patients for whom beta-blockers
are contraindicated. Dorzolamide also be used in
combination with a beta-blocker where it provides further
reduction in intraocular pressures.
Contraindication: Cardiogenic shock, current or history
of bronchial asthma, hypersensitivity, Overt cardiac failure,
second or third degree atrioventricular block,
severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, sinus
bradycardia; The preservative Benzalkonium chloide
may be absorbed by contact lens, should a 15-min lag
before putting on contact lens.
Adverse effect: Major local adverse effects in clinical
studies have included burning, stinging discomfort upon
instillation, supercial punctate keratitis, ocular allergic
reaction, blurred vision, tearing, dryness, and photophobia;
systemic reactions include bitter taste, headache, nausea,
and asthenia/fatigue. Occular reactions, headache or
vertigo are the most common reasons for drug withdrawal.
Dosage: Adults: glaucoma or ocular hypertension:
1 drop Q8H-Q12H. Children: The safety and efcacy in
children has not been determined
Supply: Ophth soln 2%, 5 ml/bot
Dorzolamide/Timolol-Cosopt (ECOSO)
C/D
Indication: Reduction of elevated intraocular pressure in

patients with open-angle glaucoma or ocular
hypertension who are insufciently responsive to
b-blokcers.
Contraindication: Bronchial asthma or a history of
bronchial asthma, or severe COPD, sinus bradycardia,
2nd or 3rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure,
cardiogenic shock.
Adverse effect: Taste perversion, ocular burning &/or
stinging, conjunctival hyperemia, blurred vision,
supercial punctate keratitis or eye itching.
Dosage: 1 drop into the affected eyes bid.
Supply: Ophth soln 2% dorzolamide, 0.5% timolol, 5
ml/bot.
52:40.20 Miotics
Pilocarpine nitrate Oph Solution - OPD(EOPD2)
Indication: As a miotic; to reduce elevated intraocular

pressure in glaucoma; alternated with mydriatics to break
up adhesions between the iris and lens.
Adverse effect: Common adverse effects associated
with the ophthalmic preparations include burning, itching
or smarting of the eyes, blurred vision, difcult with night
vision, red eyes, headaches, and nervousness.
Dose: Glaucoma: 1 drop in the eyes of a 1% or 2%
solution Q6-8H
Pharmacokinetics: Miosis usually occurs within 10 to 30
minutes of instillation; maximal decrease in intraocular
pressure occurs at 2 to 4 hours.
Carbachol-Miostat(IMIOS)(
Indication: Intraocular use for miosis during surgery.

Precautions: Patients with acute cardiac failure,
bronchial asthma, peptic ulcer, hyperthyroidism, GI
spasm, urinary tract obstruction & Parkinsons disease.
Adverse effect: Corneal clouding, bullous keratopathy,
post-op iritis.
Dosage: Instill no more than 1/2 ml into the anterior
chamber.
Supply: Vial 0.01% 1.5 ml
Neostigmine-O.N.S.D.(EONSD)
Indication: Relief of fatigue of ocular muscle.

Dosage: 1-2 drop 3-5 times daily.
Supply: Eye Soln 0.01 % 10 ml/bot.
212 - - 213 - -
52:40.28 Prostaglandin Analogs
Travoprost Travatan(ETRAV)
Indication: Open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension

Pharmacology: Travoprost is an isopropyl ester prodrug,
and is rapidly hydrolyzed to active free acid form
following ocular instillation. Travoprost free acid appears
to facilitate a reduction in intra-ocular pressure by
increasing uveoscleral outow.
Pharmakinetics: Onset of action: ~2 hours, Peak effect:
12 hours
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to travoprost or any
component of the formulation; pregnancy
Adverse effect: Common: ocular hyperemia, foreign
body sensation, blepharitis, blurred vision, itching of eye,
pain in eye, reduced visual acuity, iris pigmentation.
Pigmentation of periorbital tissue (eyelid) and eyelash
changes (eg, increased length, thickness, number and/or
pigmentation), cataract. Serious: Angina pectoris,
bradycardia, chest pain, hypertension, and hypotension
Dosage: Adults: instill 1 drop into affected eye(s) once
daily in the evening; Do not exceed once-daily dosing
(may decrease IOP-lowering effect).
Supply: Ophth soln 0.004%, 2.5 ml/bot
Latanoprost Xalatan(EXALA)
Indication: Latanoprost is a phenyl-substituted
prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue indicated for the
treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Place in therapy: Its concomitant use with timolol
monotherapy and timolol/dorzolamide combined therapy
has signicantly reduced intraocular pressure in
unresponsive patients, until further data regarding iris
pigmentation are available, the drug is recommended
only as second-line therapy in patients with persistent
increases in intraocular pressure despite optimal doses
of other antiglaucoma agents.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to latanoprost or
benzalkonium chloride; use with caution in patient with
acute angle-closure, active ocular infection or
inammation, concomitant use in patients with contact
lenses; lenses may be reinserted 15 minutes after
latanoprost instillation
Adverse effect: Mild conjunctival hyperemia and local
irritation, which have been clinically acceptable. Iris
pigmentation has been problematic with its long-term use.
Dosage: Adults: One drop of a 0.005% ophthalmic
solution QD
Pharmacokinetics: Latanoprost is a prodrug, and is
rapidly hydrolyzed to hydrophilic free acids following
ocular instillation.
Stability: Store opened bottle at room temperature up to
25
for six weeks.

Supply: Eye drop 0.005%, 2.5ml/bot
Latanoprost/Timolol-Xalacom(ELATA)
Indication: Reduction of intraocular pressure in patients
with open angle glaucoma & ocular hypertension who are
insufciently responsive to topical b-blockers.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, reactive airway
disease including bronchial asthma or a history of
bronchial asthma, severe COPD. Sinus bradycardia, 2nd
or 3 rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic
shock.
Adverse effect: Eye irritation, eye hyperemia, corneal
disorders, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, eye pain, headache,
skin rash.
Dosage: 1 drop in the affected eyes once daily in the
morning.
Supply: Ophth soln latanoprost 0.005%, timolol 0.5%;
2.5 ml/bot.
52:92 EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous
Quinax Oph Solution (EQUIN)(EQUI1)
212 - - 213 - -
52:40.28 Prostaglandin Analogs
Travoprost Travatan(ETRAV)
Indication: Open-angle glaucoma, ocular hypertension

Pharmacology: Travoprost is an isopropyl ester prodrug,
and is rapidly hydrolyzed to active free acid form
following ocular instillation. Travoprost free acid appears
to facilitate a reduction in intra-ocular pressure by
increasing uveoscleral outow.
Pharmakinetics: Onset of action: ~2 hours, Peak effect:
12 hours
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to travoprost or any
component of the formulation; pregnancy
Adverse effect: Common: ocular hyperemia, foreign
body sensation, blepharitis, blurred vision, itching of eye,
pain in eye, reduced visual acuity, iris pigmentation.
Pigmentation of periorbital tissue (eyelid) and eyelash
changes (eg, increased length, thickness, number and/or
pigmentation), cataract. Serious: Angina pectoris,
bradycardia, chest pain, hypertension, and hypotension
Dosage: Adults: instill 1 drop into affected eye(s) once
daily in the evening; Do not exceed once-daily dosing
(may decrease IOP-lowering effect).
Supply: Ophth soln 0.004%, 2.5 ml/bot
Latanoprost Xalatan(EXALA)
Indication: Latanoprost is a phenyl-substituted
prostaglandin F2-alpha analogue indicated for the
treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma.
Place in therapy: Its concomitant use with timolol
monotherapy and timolol/dorzolamide combined therapy
has signicantly reduced intraocular pressure in
unresponsive patients, until further data regarding iris
pigmentation are available, the drug is recommended
only as second-line therapy in patients with persistent
increases in intraocular pressure despite optimal doses
of other antiglaucoma agents.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to latanoprost or
benzalkonium chloride; use with caution in patient with
acute angle-closure, active ocular infection or
inammation, concomitant use in patients with contact
lenses; lenses may be reinserted 15 minutes after
latanoprost instillation
Adverse effect: Mild conjunctival hyperemia and local
irritation, which have been clinically acceptable. Iris
pigmentation has been problematic with its long-term use.
Dosage: Adults: One drop of a 0.005% ophthalmic
solution QD
Pharmacokinetics: Latanoprost is a prodrug, and is
rapidly hydrolyzed to hydrophilic free acids following
ocular instillation.
Stability: Store opened bottle at room temperature up to
25
for six weeks.

Supply: Eye drop 0.005%, 2.5ml/bot
Latanoprost/Timolol-Xalacom(ELATA)
Indication: Reduction of intraocular pressure in patients
with open angle glaucoma & ocular hypertension who are
insufciently responsive to topical b-blockers.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, reactive airway
disease including bronchial asthma or a history of
bronchial asthma, severe COPD. Sinus bradycardia, 2nd
or 3 rd degree AV block, overt cardiac failure, cardiogenic
shock.
Adverse effect: Eye irritation, eye hyperemia, corneal
disorders, conjunctivitis, blepharitis, eye pain, headache,
skin rash.
Dosage: 1 drop in the affected eyes once daily in the
morning.
Supply: Ophth soln latanoprost 0.005%, timolol 0.5%;
2.5 ml/bot.
52:92 EENT Drugs, Miscellaneous
Quinax Oph Solution (EQUIN)(EQUI1)
214 - - 215 - -
Indication: Quinax have been used in senile cataract,
traumatic cataract, congenital cataract and secondary
cataract.
Place in therapy: Quinax has been suggested to
prevent radical oxidation of SH group in soluble protein
contained in the lens.
Contraindication: Patient has hypersensitivity to any
components of the preparation.
Adverse effect: No data available.
Dosage: Topically instill 2 drops 3-5 times daily.
Stability: Discard one month after opening.
Supply: Ophth soln 5 ml/bot, 15 ml/bot, each ml contain:
sodium dihydroazapentacene polysulfonate 0.15 mg,
boric acid 6.3 mg and sodium borate 0.3 mg
Artelac Oph Solution (EARTEL)
Indication: Artelac is a supplementary of lacrimae that
can be used in laceimal gland defect.
Dosage: 1 drop if necessary
Supply: Oph soln 10 ml/bot, each ml contain:
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
(HPMC)
3.20 mg
Cetrimide 0.10 mg
Disodium phosphate
Dodecahydrate
q.s.
Sod Dihydrogen phosphate
Dihydrate
q.s.
Disodium edetate q.s.
Sorbitol 45.00 mg
Water for injection q.s.
Carbomer Gel-Vidisic(EVIDI)
Indication: High molecular weight polymers of acrylic
acid cross-linked with polyalkenyl ethers of sugars or
polyalcohols. Topically 0.2 or 0.3%, are used topically as
tear substitutes in the management of dry eye.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cetrimide
Adverse effect: Temperory blurrd vision after application.
Dosage: Topically use 4-5 times daily
Stability: After open the original bottle, it can be stroed at
25
for one month.

Supply: Oph gel 2 mg/g, 10 g/tube.
56:00 Gastrointestinal Drugs
56:04 Antacids and Adsorbents
Lederscon (OLEDE)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastroxia.
Pregnancy risk category: B
Adverse effect: Same as Aluminum and Magnesium salt.
Dosage: 1-2 Tabs TID PC & HS, chewable.
Supply: Tab aluminium hydroxide gel 334mg, MgO 166mg,
antifoam AF emulsion 36.7 mg
Antasil-B (BANTB)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, gastroxia, gastralgia.
Adverse effect: Phosphate depletion,
hypermagnesiemia in renal failure.
Dosage: 7.5-10 ml tid-qid.
Supply: Susp 500 ml/bot, each gm contain: aluminum
hydroxide gel 240mg, Mag. hydroxide paste 133.2mg

Alugel (OALUG)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, peptic esophagitis, gastroxia,
gastritis.
Contraindication: Gastric outlet obstruction.
Adverse effect: Constipation, intestinal obstruction,
hypophos-phatemia for prolonged use.
Dosage: 1-3 Tabs TID or QID between meals & HS.
Supply: Tab 300mg
Magnesium oxide (OMGO)
Indication: Gastroxia, peptic ulcer, constipation.
Contraindication: Moderate or severe renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, hypermagnesiemia in renal failure.
Dosage: Antacid 250-500 mg daily; laxative 2-4 g daily.
214 - - 215 - -
Indication: Quinax have been used in senile cataract,
traumatic cataract, congenital cataract and secondary
cataract.
Place in therapy: Quinax has been suggested to
prevent radical oxidation of SH group in soluble protein
contained in the lens.
Contraindication: Patient has hypersensitivity to any
components of the preparation.
Adverse effect: No data available.
Dosage: Topically instill 2 drops 3-5 times daily.
Stability: Discard one month after opening.
Supply: Ophth soln 5 ml/bot, 15 ml/bot, each ml contain:
sodium dihydroazapentacene polysulfonate 0.15 mg,
boric acid 6.3 mg and sodium borate 0.3 mg
Artelac Oph Solution (EARTEL)
Indication: Artelac is a supplementary of lacrimae that
can be used in laceimal gland defect.
Dosage: 1 drop if necessary
Supply: Oph soln 10 ml/bot, each ml contain:
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose
(HPMC)
3.20 mg
Cetrimide 0.10 mg
Disodium phosphate
Dodecahydrate
q.s.
Sod Dihydrogen phosphate
Dihydrate
q.s.
Disodium edetate q.s.
Sorbitol 45.00 mg
Water for injection q.s.
Carbomer Gel-Vidisic(EVIDI)
Indication: High molecular weight polymers of acrylic
acid cross-linked with polyalkenyl ethers of sugars or
polyalcohols. Topically 0.2 or 0.3%, are used topically as
tear substitutes in the management of dry eye.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cetrimide
Adverse effect: Temperory blurrd vision after application.
Dosage: Topically use 4-5 times daily
Stability: After open the original bottle, it can be stroed at
25
for one month.

Supply: Oph gel 2 mg/g, 10 g/tube.
56:00 Gastrointestinal Drugs
56:04 Antacids and Adsorbents
Lederscon (OLEDE)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, gastritis, gastroxia.
Pregnancy risk category: B
Adverse effect: Same as Aluminum and Magnesium salt.
Dosage: 1-2 Tabs TID PC & HS, chewable.
Supply: Tab aluminium hydroxide gel 334mg, MgO 166mg,
antifoam AF emulsion 36.7 mg
Antasil-B (BANTB)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, gastroxia, gastralgia.
Adverse effect: Phosphate depletion,
hypermagnesiemia in renal failure.
Dosage: 7.5-10 ml tid-qid.
Supply: Susp 500 ml/bot, each gm contain: aluminum
hydroxide gel 240mg, Mag. hydroxide paste 133.2mg

Alugel (OALUG)
Indication: Peptic ulcer, peptic esophagitis, gastroxia,
gastritis.
Contraindication: Gastric outlet obstruction.
Adverse effect: Constipation, intestinal obstruction,
hypophos-phatemia for prolonged use.
Dosage: 1-3 Tabs TID or QID between meals & HS.
Supply: Tab 300mg
Magnesium oxide (OMGO)
Indication: Gastroxia, peptic ulcer, constipation.
Contraindication: Moderate or severe renal impairment.
Adverse effect: Diarrhea, hypermagnesiemia in renal failure.
Dosage: Antacid 250-500 mg daily; laxative 2-4 g daily.
216 - - 217 - -
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Mucaine (OMUCA)
Indication: Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer, gastritis,
esophagitis.
Contraindication: Hypophosphatemia; severe renal
impairment; symptoms of appendicitis.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, dermatitis,
urticaria, pruritus, glossitis, angioedema & collapse. In
large doses, dizziness, faintness or drowsiness. Diarrhea,
constipation.
Dosage: 2-4 tab QID.
Supply: Tab aluminium hydroxide 126 mg, magnesium
oxide 35 mg & oxethazaine 5mg
Aciden (OACID)
Indication: Hyperacidity
gastritis
duodenitis
spasm and
pain due to the gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any composement
of the drug
Adverse effect: Constipation, nausea, vomit, abdominal
distention, hiccup.
Dosage: 1 tablet each time, 3 times a day.
Supply: Tab butinolin phosphate 2 mg, calcium
carbonate 300 mg, dried aluminum hydroxide gel 200 mg
Activated charcoalCarbomix(OCARB)
Indication: GI adsorbent for known or suspected toxic
ingestion.
Adverse effect: Vomiting.
Dosage: PO 30-100g (1-2g/kg) then 0.5g/kg Q4H; Q4H
until charcoal stool is passed.
Supply: Granules 61.5 g/bot
56:08 Antidiarrhea Agents
Kaolin-Pectin-Kaopectin (BKAOP)
Indication: Simple diarrhea, functional bowel frequency,

enteritis and dysentery.
Contraindication: Intestinal obstruction.
Adverse effect: Large dose may increase atulence,
distension, and intestinal obstruction. If diarrhea is not
controlled in 48 hours and/or fever develops, the patient
should consult a physician. Constipation may occur in
children and in the elderly.
Dosage: 15-30 ml TID or QID.
Supply: Soln 4000 ml/bot, each 100 ml contains: kaolin
20 gm and pectin 1 gm
Loperamide HCl-Ufunin (OUFUN)
Indication: Acute nonspecic diarrhea, chronic diarrhea,

reduced volume of discharge after ilestomy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to loperamide,
constipation, infectious diarrhea, pseudomembranous
colitis caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include fatigue,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, abdominal
cramps, anorexia, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, and
rash.
Dosage: 4 mg initial then 2mg prn, up to 16 mg/day,
dosage should not exceed 16 mg/day. In acute diarrhea,
loperamide should be discontinued if there is no
improvement after 48 hours of therapy.
Supply: Tab 2mg
Vioment (Biofermin) (OBIOF)
Indication: Functional intestinal disorder and nutritional
disturbance in children; Nonspecic ingestion and
nonspecic enteritis with diarrhea
Adverse effect: Metabolic acidosis has occurred
following use of tablets containing Lactobacillus
acidophilus.
Dosage: 1-3 Tabs TID with meal.
Supply: Tab
Lactobacteria 3mg
Glycobacteria 2mg
216 - - 217 - -
Supply: Tab 250 mg
Mucaine (OMUCA)
Indication: Symptomatic relief of peptic ulcer, gastritis,
esophagitis.
Contraindication: Hypophosphatemia; severe renal
impairment; symptoms of appendicitis.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions, dermatitis,
urticaria, pruritus, glossitis, angioedema & collapse. In
large doses, dizziness, faintness or drowsiness. Diarrhea,
constipation.
Dosage: 2-4 tab QID.
Supply: Tab aluminium hydroxide 126 mg, magnesium
oxide 35 mg & oxethazaine 5mg
Aciden (OACID)
Indication: Hyperacidity
gastritis
duodenitis
spasm and
pain due to the gastric ulcer or duodenal ulcer
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any composement
of the drug
Adverse effect: Constipation, nausea, vomit, abdominal
distention, hiccup.
Dosage: 1 tablet each time, 3 times a day.
Supply: Tab butinolin phosphate 2 mg, calcium
carbonate 300 mg, dried aluminum hydroxide gel 200 mg
Activated charcoalCarbomix(OCARB)
Indication: GI adsorbent for known or suspected toxic
ingestion.
Adverse effect: Vomiting.
Dosage: PO 30-100g (1-2g/kg) then 0.5g/kg Q4H; Q4H
until charcoal stool is passed.
Supply: Granules 61.5 g/bot
56:08 Antidiarrhea Agents
Kaolin-Pectin-Kaopectin (BKAOP)
Indication: Simple diarrhea, functional bowel frequency,

enteritis and dysentery.
Contraindication: Intestinal obstruction.
Adverse effect: Large dose may increase atulence,
distension, and intestinal obstruction. If diarrhea is not
controlled in 48 hours and/or fever develops, the patient
should consult a physician. Constipation may occur in
children and in the elderly.
Dosage: 15-30 ml TID or QID.
Supply: Soln 4000 ml/bot, each 100 ml contains: kaolin
20 gm and pectin 1 gm
Loperamide HCl-Ufunin (OUFUN)
Indication: Acute nonspecic diarrhea, chronic diarrhea,

reduced volume of discharge after ilestomy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to loperamide,
constipation, infectious diarrhea, pseudomembranous
colitis caused by broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include fatigue,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting, dry mouth, abdominal
cramps, anorexia, paralytic ileus, urinary retention, and
rash.
Dosage: 4 mg initial then 2mg prn, up to 16 mg/day,
dosage should not exceed 16 mg/day. In acute diarrhea,
loperamide should be discontinued if there is no
improvement after 48 hours of therapy.
Supply: Tab 2mg
Vioment (Biofermin) (OBIOF)
Indication: Functional intestinal disorder and nutritional
disturbance in children; Nonspecic ingestion and
nonspecic enteritis with diarrhea
Adverse effect: Metabolic acidosis has occurred
following use of tablets containing Lactobacillus
acidophilus.
Dosage: 1-3 Tabs TID with meal.
Supply: Tab
Lactobacteria 3mg
Glycobacteria 2mg
218 - - 219 - -
Lactobacillus casei Antibiophilus (OLACT)
Indication: Prevention of antibiotic induced diarrhea;
symptomatic treatment of diarrhea of a non-organic orign
in infant < 2 years: as a complement to rehydration, >2
years: treatment dose not exempt from rehydration if
necessary.
Dosage: Preventive treatment 2 cap/day. Intestinal
transit disorders 4-8 cap/day.
Supply: Cap lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus 2.0*108
56:10 Antiatulents
Dimethicone-Gascon (OGASC)
Indication: Antiatulent, relief GI gas pain.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to simethicone or
other product components
Adverse effect: None.
Dosage: Adults and Children (
12yrs) : 40-120 mg PO
4 times a day (after meal and at bedtime); Drops: 2 ml
after meal and at bedtime, shake well before using;
Children(
12 yrs): 40 mg 4 times a day. Infants: 20 mg 4

times a day.
Supply: Tab 40mg
56:12 Cathartics and Laxatives
Bisacodyl (OBISA)
Indication: All type of functional constipation,

preparation for surgery and some intestinal examination.
Contraindication: Acute abdominal pain or cramps,
intestinal obstruction.
Adverse effect: Severe abdominal cramps, irritation,
excessive purgation.
Dosage: PO 2-3 Tabs HS.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Sennosides-Senokot (OSENO)Through (OTHRO)
Indication: Anthraquinones laxatives are colonic-specic

stimulant laxatives made from the plant-derived
compounds senna; all types of functional constipation.
Contraindication: Acute surgical abdomen, bowel
obstruction, fecal impaction, hypersensitivity to
anthraquinone laxatives or to any of the ingredients,
patients with nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms of
appendicitis, undiagnosed abdominal pain
Adverse effect: Long standing use may cause motility, GI
disturbance.
Dosage: 15-30 mg hs
Supply: Tab 7.5 mg (Senokot), 12 mg (Through)
Sterculia-Normacol(ONORM)
Indication: Treatment of constipation, particularly hypotonic
or slow transit constipation resistant to bulk alone .The
initiation and maintenance of bowel action after rectal surgery
and after haemorrhoidectomy
Place in therapy: Bulk-forming laxatives have been
used in patients with anorectal conditions, constipation,
diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders,
hypercholesterolemia, in pregnant and geriatric patients,
and to regulate colostomies.
Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, fecal
impaction, and total atony of the colon.
Adverse effect: Abdominal distention. Intestinal
obstruction is possible if the product is taken in
overdosage or is not adequately washed down with uid.
Dosage: Adults: 1 or 2 sachets once or twice daily after
meals. Children (6-12 years): a reduced amount may be
given at the discretion of the physician.
Supply: Granule 62% sterculia and 8% frangula, 7
g/sachet
Castor oil liquid (BCAST) (
)
Indication: Constipation, preparation of surgery and
intestinal examination.
Contraindication: Used cautiously during menstruation or
pregnancy.
218 - - 219 - -
Lactobacillus casei Antibiophilus (OLACT)
Indication: Prevention of antibiotic induced diarrhea;
symptomatic treatment of diarrhea of a non-organic orign
in infant < 2 years: as a complement to rehydration, >2
years: treatment dose not exempt from rehydration if
necessary.
Dosage: Preventive treatment 2 cap/day. Intestinal
transit disorders 4-8 cap/day.
Supply: Cap lactobacillus casei variety rhamnosus 2.0*108
56:10 Antiatulents
Dimethicone-Gascon (OGASC)
Indication: Antiatulent, relief GI gas pain.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to simethicone or
other product components
Adverse effect: None.
Dosage: Adults and Children (
12yrs) : 40-120 mg PO
4 times a day (after meal and at bedtime); Drops: 2 ml
after meal and at bedtime, shake well before using;
Children(
12 yrs): 40 mg 4 times a day. Infants: 20 mg 4

times a day.
Supply: Tab 40mg
56:12 Cathartics and Laxatives
Bisacodyl (OBISA)
Indication: All type of functional constipation,

preparation for surgery and some intestinal examination.
Contraindication: Acute abdominal pain or cramps,
intestinal obstruction.
Adverse effect: Severe abdominal cramps, irritation,
excessive purgation.
Dosage: PO 2-3 Tabs HS.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Sennosides-Senokot (OSENO)Through (OTHRO)
Indication: Anthraquinones laxatives are colonic-specic

stimulant laxatives made from the plant-derived
compounds senna; all types of functional constipation.
Contraindication: Acute surgical abdomen, bowel
obstruction, fecal impaction, hypersensitivity to
anthraquinone laxatives or to any of the ingredients,
patients with nausea, vomiting, or other symptoms of
appendicitis, undiagnosed abdominal pain
Adverse effect: Long standing use may cause motility, GI
disturbance.
Dosage: 15-30 mg hs
Supply: Tab 7.5 mg (Senokot), 12 mg (Through)
Sterculia-Normacol(ONORM)
Indication: Treatment of constipation, particularly hypotonic
or slow transit constipation resistant to bulk alone .The
initiation and maintenance of bowel action after rectal surgery
and after haemorrhoidectomy
Place in therapy: Bulk-forming laxatives have been
used in patients with anorectal conditions, constipation,
diarrhea, gastrointestinal disorders,
hypercholesterolemia, in pregnant and geriatric patients,
and to regulate colostomies.
Contraindications: Intestinal obstruction, fecal
impaction, and total atony of the colon.
Adverse effect: Abdominal distention. Intestinal
obstruction is possible if the product is taken in
overdosage or is not adequately washed down with uid.
Dosage: Adults: 1 or 2 sachets once or twice daily after
meals. Children (6-12 years): a reduced amount may be
given at the discretion of the physician.
Supply: Granule 62% sterculia and 8% frangula, 7
g/sachet
Castor oil liquid (BCAST) (
)
Indication: Constipation, preparation of surgery and
intestinal examination.
Contraindication: Used cautiously during menstruation or
pregnancy.
220 - - 221 - -
Adverse effect: Large dose or long standing usage may
cause intestinal irritation.
Dosage: 15-30 ml once, maxinum dose 60 ml.
Supply: Soln 500 ml/bot
Monosodium phosphate/disodium
phosphate -Evac Enema (EEVAC)
Indication: Sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate
enema is used as an electrolytes laxative.
Place in therapy: Saline laxatives should be used only
for acute evacuation of the bowel or infrequently for the
treatment of acute constipation
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the components of
the laxative products, patients with impaired renal
function, laxatives should not be taken if abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, the phosphate
salts may provide excessive sodium to patients who must
restrict sodium intake (congestive heart failure, edema);
they may also result in hypocalcemia if used in children
under 2 years of age
Adverse effect: Caution must be used in patients with
any degree of renal impairment, hepatic cirrhosis, or
heart failure. The most common toxic effect of phosphate
is hypocalcemia, which can occur with any route of
phosphate administration.
Dosage: Adults: 1 bot enema use
Children: 2-12 years old 0.5 bot enema use
Supply: Each ml contain
monosodium
phosphate anhydrous
139.1 mg
disodium phosphate
anhydrous
31.8 mg
(118 ml/Bot)
Klean-Prep powder (OKLEA)(
)
Indication: Used before operation to decrease
gastrointestinal content.
Contraindication: GI tract occlusion, perforation, acute
GI tract ulcer, megacolon
abdominal distension.
Dosage: Adults: One-liter water for one package of
powder, PO 250 ml in 10-15 min interval, total 4 sachet
can be used
Supply: Each sachet contain:
Polyethylene glycol 59 g
Sodium sulfate, anhydrate 5.685 g
Sodium bicarbonate 1.685 g
Sodium chloride 1.465 g
Potassium chloride 0.7425 g
Aspartame 0.0494 g

56:16 Digestants
Stazyme (OSTAZ)
Indication: Indigestion
Dosage: 1-2 tab tid.
Supply: Tab biodiastase 8000 U, cellulase 300 U, lipase
900 U, prozyme 300 U.
Biogen (OBIOG)
Supply: Tab biodiastase 110 mg, cellulase 5 mg,
biodiasmine 25 mg, thiamine mononitrate 1 mg, riboavin
0.1 mg
Protease (OPROT)
Indication: Chronic pancreatitis, cystic brosis,
pancreatic insutciency
Adverse effect: Hyperuricemia; bloating symptom,
220 - - 221 - -
Adverse effect: Large dose or long standing usage may
cause intestinal irritation.
Dosage: 15-30 ml once, maxinum dose 60 ml.
Supply: Soln 500 ml/bot
Monosodium phosphate/disodium
phosphate -Evac Enema (EEVAC)
Indication: Sodium phosphate and sodium biphosphate
enema is used as an electrolytes laxative.
Place in therapy: Saline laxatives should be used only
for acute evacuation of the bowel or infrequently for the
treatment of acute constipation
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the components of
the laxative products, patients with impaired renal
function, laxatives should not be taken if abdominal pain,
nausea, vomiting, change in bowel habits, the phosphate
salts may provide excessive sodium to patients who must
restrict sodium intake (congestive heart failure, edema);
they may also result in hypocalcemia if used in children
under 2 years of age
Adverse effect: Caution must be used in patients with
any degree of renal impairment, hepatic cirrhosis, or
heart failure. The most common toxic effect of phosphate
is hypocalcemia, which can occur with any route of
phosphate administration.
Dosage: Adults: 1 bot enema use
Children: 2-12 years old 0.5 bot enema use
Supply: Each ml contain
monosodium
phosphate anhydrous
139.1 mg
disodium phosphate
anhydrous
31.8 mg
(118 ml/Bot)
Klean-Prep powder (OKLEA)(
)
Indication: Used before operation to decrease
gastrointestinal content.
Contraindication: GI tract occlusion, perforation, acute
GI tract ulcer, megacolon
abdominal distension.
Dosage: Adults: One-liter water for one package of
powder, PO 250 ml in 10-15 min interval, total 4 sachet
can be used
Supply: Each sachet contain:
Polyethylene glycol 59 g
Sodium sulfate, anhydrate 5.685 g
Sodium bicarbonate 1.685 g
Sodium chloride 1.465 g
Potassium chloride 0.7425 g
Aspartame 0.0494 g

56:16 Digestants
Stazyme (OSTAZ)
Supply: Tab biodiastase 8000 U, cellulase 300 U, lipase
900 U, prozyme 300 U.
Biogen (OBIOG)
Supply: Tab biodiastase 110 mg, cellulase 5 mg,
biodiasmine 25 mg, thiamine mononitrate 1 mg, riboavin
0.1 mg
Protease (OPROT)
Indication: Chronic pancreatitis, cystic brosis,
pancreatic insutciency
Adverse effect: Hyperuricemia; bloating symptom,
222 - - 223 - -
nausea, vomiting; cramp; increased uric acid level
Dosage: 8000-32000 lipase USP U taken per or snack
Supply: Cap pancrelipase 280 mg (lipase 20000 USP U,
protease 75000 USP U, amylase 66400 USP U)
56:22 Antiemetics
56:22.08 Antihistamines
Prochlorperazine-Novamin (INOVA) (ONOVA)
Indication: Nausea, vomiting, excessive anxiety,

relatively mild psychiatric conditions & moderate to severe
psychiatric conditions.
Contraindication: Coma, drug-induced CNS depression,
bone marrow depression.
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal symptoms, CNS
depression, deep sleep, coma, agitation, convulsions,
hypotension, restlessness.
Dosage: Adults: PO 5-10 mg TID or QID, IM 5-10 mg to
start, repeated Q3-4H as needed, up to 40 mg/day.
Children: 2.5 mg PO QD, BID or TID, IM 0.13 mg/kg.

56:22.20 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Ondansetron-Zofran(IONDA)(
Indication: A selective serotonin 5-HT3-type receptor

antagonist. Ondansetron is highly effective in controlling
emesis occurring after cisplatin and non-cisplatin
chemotherapeutic regimens in cancer patients; efcacy
has also been demonstrated in radiation-induced emesis.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitivity to ondansetron.
Adverse effect: Headache, constipation or diarrhea, and
elevation of liver enzymes.
Dosage: IV for chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting:
Adults and Children (2-18 yrs): 0.15 mg/kg for 3 dose
(30 min before chemotherapy an then 4 and 8 hr after) or
0.45 mg/kg, to a MAX of 32 mg as a single dose
or 8 mg IV as a single dose for cisplatin doses
100
mg /m
2
. Infuse slowly over 15 min in 50 ml D5W or NS.
56:22.92 Antiemetics, Miscellaneous
Diphenidol Cedol (OCEDO)
Indication: Diphenidol is an antiemetic agent. It may be
used to treat nausea and vomiting or vertigo.
Contraindication: Patient who has hypersensitivity to
the drug. Use with caution to those patient with glaucoma,
GI obstruction, or GU disease.
Adverse effect: The most serious side effects are
hallucinations, confusion, and disorientation. Diphenidol
should only be administered to patients in the institutional
setting.
Dosage: 25-50 mg PO Q4H, diphenidol should Not be
used in children weighing less than 23 kg.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
56:28 Antiulcer Agents and Acid Suppressants
56:28.12 Histamine H
2
-Antagonists
Cimetidine- Cimewell(OCIMEW) Defense (ODEFE)
Gastrodin(OGAST2)
Indication: Gatric and duodenal ulcer, gastroesophageal

reux, pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), stress related mucosal
damage.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, headache, confusional states,
diarrhea, rash, gynecomastia, impotence,
thrombocytopenia, muscular pain, cardiac arrhythmia.
Dosage: Adults: 300 mg IV/ IM Q6-8H; 300 mg PO QID,
400 mg BID, or 800 mg at bedtime and treated
continuously for 4-6 weeks. In hyper-secretory condition,
300 mg QID with meals and at bedtime, MAX doses: 2.4
gm/day, 12 gm/day. For prophylaxis of recurrent ulcer:
222 - - 223 - -
nausea, vomiting; cramp; increased uric acid level
Dosage: 8000-32000 lipase USP U taken per or snack
Supply: Cap pancrelipase 280 mg (lipase 20000 USP U,
protease 75000 USP U, amylase 66400 USP U)
56:22 Antiemetics
56:22.08 Antihistamines
Prochlorperazine-Novamin (INOVA) (ONOVA)
Indication: Nausea, vomiting, excessive anxiety,

relatively mild psychiatric conditions & moderate to severe
psychiatric conditions.
Contraindication: Coma, drug-induced CNS depression,
bone marrow depression.
Adverse effect: Extrapyramidal symptoms, CNS
depression, deep sleep, coma, agitation, convulsions,
hypotension, restlessness.
Dosage: Adults: PO 5-10 mg TID or QID, IM 5-10 mg to
start, repeated Q3-4H as needed, up to 40 mg/day.
Children: 2.5 mg PO QD, BID or TID, IM 0.13 mg/kg.

56:22.20 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
Ondansetron-Zofran(IONDA)(
Indication: A selective serotonin 5-HT3-type receptor

antagonist. Ondansetron is highly effective in controlling
emesis occurring after cisplatin and non-cisplatin
chemotherapeutic regimens in cancer patients; efcacy
has also been demonstrated in radiation-induced emesis.
Contraindication: Patient hypersensitivity to ondansetron.
Adverse effect: Headache, constipation or diarrhea, and
elevation of liver enzymes.
Dosage: IV for chemotherapy-induced nausea or vomiting:
Adults and Children (2-18 yrs): 0.15 mg/kg for 3 dose
(30 min before chemotherapy an then 4 and 8 hr after) or
0.45 mg/kg, to a MAX of 32 mg as a single dose
or 8 mg IV as a single dose for cisplatin doses
100
mg /m
2
. Infuse slowly over 15 min in 50 ml D5W or NS.
56:22.92 Antiemetics, Miscellaneous
Diphenidol Cedol (OCEDO)
Indication: Diphenidol is an antiemetic agent. It may be
used to treat nausea and vomiting or vertigo.
Contraindication: Patient who has hypersensitivity to
the drug. Use with caution to those patient with glaucoma,
GI obstruction, or GU disease.
Adverse effect: The most serious side effects are
hallucinations, confusion, and disorientation. Diphenidol
should only be administered to patients in the institutional
setting.
Dosage: 25-50 mg PO Q4H, diphenidol should Not be
used in children weighing less than 23 kg.
Supply: Tab 25 mg
56:28 Antiulcer Agents and Acid Suppressants
56:28.12 Histamine H
2
-Antagonists
Cimetidine- Cimewell(OCIMEW) Defense (ODEFE)
Gastrodin(OGAST2)
Indication: Gatric and duodenal ulcer, gastroesophageal

reux, pathological hypersecretory conditions (eg.
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome), stress related mucosal
damage.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, headache, confusional states,
diarrhea, rash, gynecomastia, impotence,
thrombocytopenia, muscular pain, cardiac arrhythmia.
Dosage: Adults: 300 mg IV/ IM Q6-8H; 300 mg PO QID,
400 mg BID, or 800 mg at bedtime and treated
continuously for 4-6 weeks. In hyper-secretory condition,
300 mg QID with meals and at bedtime, MAX doses: 2.4
gm/day, 12 gm/day. For prophylaxis of recurrent ulcer:
224 - - 225 - -
400 mg PO HS. Children: 20-40 mg/kg/day (Tab, Inj) in
divided doses, four times a day.
Supply: Tab 400 mg (Cimewell), 300 mg (Defense), and
200 mg (Gastrodin)
Famotidine-Ulstop (OFAMO)
Indication: Similar to cimetidine.

Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, diarrhea,
constipation, arthralgia, somnolence, rash.
Dosage: Adults: 20 mg PO BID or 40 mg HS for
treatment of duodenal or benign gastric ulcer. 20-40mg
PO BID for treatment of GERD. For prophylaxis of
recurrent ulcer: 20 mg PO HS. Children (1-16 yrs): 0.5-1
mg/kg/day orally in two divided doses, up to 40 mg BID.
Supply: Tab 20 mg

Ranitidine-Zantac (IZANT)Weidos (OWEID)

Adverse effect: Dizziness, insomnia, rash, arthragia.
Dosage: Adults: IV, IM: 50 mg Q6-8H; PO: 150 mg BID
or 300 mg HS for treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcer;
maximum dose: IV 400mg/day, PO 6 gm/day; PO 150 mg
HS for prophylaxis of recurrent ulcer. Children: Oral, 2-4
mg/kg, two times a day up to a maximam dose of 300
mg/day. IV: 2-4 mg/kg/day, in divided doses.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/2 ml/amp (Zantac); Tab 300 mg (Weidos)
56:28.28 Prostaglandins
Misoprostol-Cytotec (OCYTOT)
Indication: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analog, used

in prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers, duodenal ulcer, and
gastric ulcer.
Contraindication: pregnant women, known
hypersensitivity to prostaglandins
Adverse effect: Diarrhea (in 800 g/day), abdominal
pain, and uterine bleeding. An abortion rate of 11-15%
has been noted when it is used during the rst trimester;
dyspepsia, headache, nausea.
Dosage: Preventing NSAID-induced gastric ulcer: 200
g PO QID; duodenal and/or gastic ulcer: 200 g PO QID
for 4 weeks.
Supply: Tab 200 g

56:28.32 Protectants
Sucralfate-Sucral (OSUCR)
B
2
Indication: Sucralfate is indicated for the treatment of

active duodenal ulcers, and for maintenance therapy. It
has also been used to treat gastric ulcers, for stress ulcer
prophylaxis, and gastroesophageal reux disease.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, dry mouth, constipation may
occur after prolong use.
Pharmacokinetics: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier
over the ulcer site, thus promoting ulcer healing. The
onset of action typically occurs within 1 hour and binding
of drug to the ulcer may last up to 6 hours.
Dosage: Duodenal ulcers 1 g QID or 2 g BID;
maintenance therapy 1 g BID
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Sulcain, polymagal Stacaine(OSTAC)
Indication: Acute and chronic gastritis, stomachache,
heart-burn, gastric hyperacidity, discomfort as stomach
Dosage: 2 tab 3-4 times daily.
Supply: Tab sulcain 100 mg, polymagal 100 mg
56:28.36 Proton-pump Inhibitors
Lansoprazole-Lanpo (OLANS)Rich (ORICH)
Takepron OD(OTAKEO)
Indication: Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor

similar to omeprazole. It is primarily used in gastric ulcer,
duodenal ulcer, reex esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome.
224 - - 225 - -
400 mg PO HS. Children: 20-40 mg/kg/day (Tab, Inj) in
divided doses, four times a day.
Supply: Tab 400 mg (Cimewell), 300 mg (Defense), and
200 mg (Gastrodin)
Famotidine-Ulstop (OFAMO)

Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, diarrhea,
constipation, arthralgia, somnolence, rash.
Dosage: Adults: 20 mg PO BID or 40 mg HS for
treatment of duodenal or benign gastric ulcer. 20-40mg
PO BID for treatment of GERD. For prophylaxis of
recurrent ulcer: 20 mg PO HS. Children (1-16 yrs): 0.5-1
mg/kg/day orally in two divided doses, up to 40 mg BID.
Supply: Tab 20 mg

Ranitidine-Zantac (IZANT)Weidos (OWEID)

Adverse effect: Dizziness, insomnia, rash, arthragia.
Dosage: Adults: IV, IM: 50 mg Q6-8H; PO: 150 mg BID
or 300 mg HS for treatment of duodenal or gastric ulcer;
maximum dose: IV 400mg/day, PO 6 gm/day; PO 150 mg
HS for prophylaxis of recurrent ulcer. Children: Oral, 2-4
mg/kg, two times a day up to a maximam dose of 300
mg/day. IV: 2-4 mg/kg/day, in divided doses.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/2 ml/amp (Zantac); Tab 300 mg (Weidos)
56:28.28 Prostaglandins
Misoprostol-Cytotec (OCYTOT)
Indication: Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analog, used

in prevention of NSAID-induced ulcers, duodenal ulcer, and
gastric ulcer.
Contraindication: pregnant women, known
hypersensitivity to prostaglandins
Adverse effect: Diarrhea (in 800 g/day), abdominal
pain, and uterine bleeding. An abortion rate of 11-15%
has been noted when it is used during the rst trimester;
dyspepsia, headache, nausea.
Dosage: Preventing NSAID-induced gastric ulcer: 200
g PO QID; duodenal and/or gastic ulcer: 200 g PO QID
for 4 weeks.
Supply: Tab 200 g

56:28.32 Protectants
Sucralfate-Sucral (OSUCR)
B
2
Indication: Sucralfate is indicated for the treatment of

active duodenal ulcers, and for maintenance therapy. It
has also been used to treat gastric ulcers, for stress ulcer
prophylaxis, and gastroesophageal reux disease.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, dry mouth, constipation may
occur after prolong use.
Pharmacokinetics: Sucralfate forms a protective barrier
over the ulcer site, thus promoting ulcer healing. The
onset of action typically occurs within 1 hour and binding
of drug to the ulcer may last up to 6 hours.
Dosage: Duodenal ulcers 1 g QID or 2 g BID;
maintenance therapy 1 g BID
Supply: Tab 500 mg
Sulcain, polymagal Stacaine(OSTAC)
Indication: Acute and chronic gastritis, stomachache,
heart-burn, gastric hyperacidity, discomfort as stomach
Dosage: 2 tab 3-4 times daily.
Supply: Tab sulcain 100 mg, polymagal 100 mg
56:28.36 Proton-pump Inhibitors
Lansoprazole-Lanpo (OLANS)Rich (ORICH)
Takepron OD(OTAKEO)
Indication: Lansoprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor

similar to omeprazole. It is primarily used in gastric ulcer,
duodenal ulcer, reex esophagitis, and Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome.
226 - - 227 - -
Place in therapy: Besides therapeutic effects, the
adverse effect associated with lansoprazole therapy is
also similar to that of omeprazole with no clear differences.
It can be consider as an alternative of omeprazole.
lansoprazole.
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, skin rash,
fatigue, dizzness, headache, hypergastrinemia.
Dosage: Duodenal ulcer: 30 mg PO QD for 4 weeks, or
for 8 weeks in gastric ulcer and reex esophagitis.
Supply: Cap 30 mg (Lanpo, Rich); Tab 30 mg (Takepron OD)
Pantoprazole Pantoloc(OPANTO) (IPANT)
Pozola(OPOZO) Gastroloc(OGASTR)
Indication: Gastric and duodenal ulcers, moderate and
severe reux esophagitis; pathological gastric
hyper-secretion
Place in therapy: Pantoprazole is a potent inhibitor of
gastric acid secretion. Animal and in vitro studies have
demonstrated it to be comparable to or more potent than
omeprazole, with less potential for interactions with P450
cytochromes and better acid stability.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pantoprazole;
severe hepatic insufciency; Cirrhosis
Adverse effect: Headache, diarrhea, dizziness, pruritis,
and asthenia
Dosage: Adults: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reux
esophagitis: 40-80 mg PO QD; or 40mg IV QD for 7-10
days; pathological gastric hyper-secretion: 40 mg PO BID;
MAX 240 mg daily; 80 mg IV Q12H, may increase to
Q8H, MAX 240 mg/day. Dosage reductions are not
necessary for patients with renal insufciency or on
dialysis, the maximum daily dose 40 mg
Supply: Tab 40 mg; Inj 40 mg/vial
Omeprazole-Omezol (IOMEZ) (OOMEZ)
Losec (ILOSE)

hypersecretion
Pharmacology: Omeprazole suppresses gastric acid
secretion by binding to the proton pump of the parietal cell.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; symptomatic
response to omeprazole therapy does not preclude the
presence of gastric malignancy.
Adverse effect: It is well tolerated but elevations of liver
enzymes have been reported in patients with pre-existing
liver disease. Long-term safety has not been established.
In most cases drug therapy should be limited to short-term
(less than 8 weeks) treatment.
Dosage: Duodenal, gastric, jejunal or esophageal ulcers:
20mg QD, 2-4 weeks for duodenal ulcers, 4-8 weeks for
gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcer patients who smoke.
Stability: Omezol (lyophilized injection) should be used
up within 4 hrs after reconstitution.
Supply: Inj 40 mg/vial; Cap 20 mg
Esomeprazole-Nexium (ONEXI)
Indication: Duodenal ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis,
gastric ulcer; prophylaxis for NSAID-associated
gastropathy, gastroesophageal reux disease.
Pharmacology: Esomeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor,
acting to suppress gastric acid secretion by specic
inhibition of H+/K+ - ATPase within the gastric parietal
cell. As the S-enantiomer of omeprazole, it appears to
offer pharmacokinetic advantages over the racemic
compound, including less rst-pass hepatic metabolism
and a lower plasma clearance; the greater oral
bioavailability of esomeprazole is claimed to enable more
effective management of acid-related disorders.
Pharmacokinetics: Initial response is 1 to 2 hours,
duration of multiple dose are 17 hours; oral bioavailability
89% to 90%; AUC was decreased by 33% to 53% after
food intake compared to fasting; protein binding 97%,
The major metabolic pathway is via the hepatic
cytochrome P450- 2C19 isoenzyme, to form the hydroxy
226 - - 227 - -
Place in therapy: Besides therapeutic effects, the
adverse effect associated with lansoprazole therapy is
also similar to that of omeprazole with no clear differences.
It can be consider as an alternative of omeprazole.
lansoprazole.
Adverse effect: Nausea, diarrhea, anorexia, skin rash,
fatigue, dizzness, headache, hypergastrinemia.
Dosage: Duodenal ulcer: 30 mg PO QD for 4 weeks, or
for 8 weeks in gastric ulcer and reex esophagitis.
Supply: Cap 30 mg (Lanpo, Rich); Tab 30 mg (Takepron OD)
Pantoprazole Pantoloc(OPANTO) (IPANT)
Pozola(OPOZO) Gastroloc(OGASTR)
hyper-secretion
Place in therapy: Pantoprazole is a potent inhibitor of
gastric acid secretion. Animal and in vitro studies have
demonstrated it to be comparable to or more potent than
omeprazole, with less potential for interactions with P450
cytochromes and better acid stability.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pantoprazole;
severe hepatic insufciency; Cirrhosis
Adverse effect: Headache, diarrhea, dizziness, pruritis,
and asthenia
Dosage: Adults: gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer and reux
esophagitis: 40-80 mg PO QD; or 40mg IV QD for 7-10
days; pathological gastric hyper-secretion: 40 mg PO BID;
MAX 240 mg daily; 80 mg IV Q12H, may increase to
Q8H, MAX 240 mg/day. Dosage reductions are not
necessary for patients with renal insufciency or on
dialysis, the maximum daily dose 40 mg
Supply: Tab 40 mg; Inj 40 mg/vial
Omeprazole-Omezol (IOMEZ) (OOMEZ)
Losec (ILOSE)

hypersecretion
Pharmacology: Omeprazole suppresses gastric acid
secretion by binding to the proton pump of the parietal cell.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; symptomatic
response to omeprazole therapy does not preclude the
presence of gastric malignancy.
Adverse effect: It is well tolerated but elevations of liver
enzymes have been reported in patients with pre-existing
liver disease. Long-term safety has not been established.
In most cases drug therapy should be limited to short-term
(less than 8 weeks) treatment.
Dosage: Duodenal, gastric, jejunal or esophageal ulcers:
20mg QD, 2-4 weeks for duodenal ulcers, 4-8 weeks for
gastric ulcers or duodenal ulcer patients who smoke.
Stability: Omezol (lyophilized injection) should be used
up within 4 hrs after reconstitution.
Supply: Inj 40 mg/vial; Cap 20 mg
Esomeprazole-Nexium (ONEXI)
Indication: Duodenal ulcer disease, erosive esophagitis,
gastric ulcer; prophylaxis for NSAID-associated
gastropathy, gastroesophageal reux disease.
Pharmacology: Esomeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor,
acting to suppress gastric acid secretion by specic
inhibition of H+/K+ - ATPase within the gastric parietal
cell. As the S-enantiomer of omeprazole, it appears to
offer pharmacokinetic advantages over the racemic
compound, including less rst-pass hepatic metabolism
and a lower plasma clearance; the greater oral
bioavailability of esomeprazole is claimed to enable more
effective management of acid-related disorders.
Pharmacokinetics: Initial response is 1 to 2 hours,
duration of multiple dose are 17 hours; oral bioavailability
89% to 90%; AUC was decreased by 33% to 53% after
food intake compared to fasting; protein binding 97%,
The major metabolic pathway is via the hepatic
cytochrome P450- 2C19 isoenzyme, to form the hydroxy
228 - - 229 - -
and desmethyl metabolites. Excretion: Urine (80%, as
inactive metabolites), feces (20%). Elimination half-life is
1.2 to 1.5 hours.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to esomeprazole or
benzimidazoles.
Adverse effect: Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, ,
atulence, nausea, dizziness, headache, respiratory
infection and sinusitis.
Dosage:

20
40 mg once daily ; take at least 1 hour

before meals, do not chew or crush tablet.
Supply:

Tab 40 mg
56:32 Prokinetic Agents
Domperidone- D.M.P (Motilium) (OMOTI)
Indication: Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine
antagonist. It has been used in delayed gastric emptying,
nausea and vomiting, gastroesopageal reux disease,
and miscellaneous indications.
Adverse effect: Galactorrhea, seizures, and cardiac
arrhythmias have been reported.
Dosage: Nausea and vomiting 20-30 mg PO TID - QID.
Postprandial dyspepsia 10 mg PO TID (15 to 30 minutes
before meals).
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Metoclopramide HCl-Primperan (IPRIM) (OPRIMP)
Gastro-T (OGAST)
Indication: Stimulate gastric emptying, significant relief

of nausea, vomiting, anorexia & abdominal fullness,
prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis.
Contraindication: GI hemorrhage, mechanical
obstruction or perforation, pheochromocytoma, current
use of MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or
sympathomimetic drug cause extrapyramidal reaction.
Use cautiously in patients with asthma, glaucoma, or
prostate gland enlargement.
Adverse effect: Constipation, diarrhea, drowsiness,
lassitude, extrapyramidal reaction, galactorrhea,
dizziness, anxiety, periorbital oedema and skin rash
Dosage: PO 5-10 mg TID-QID AC, maximum dose: 0.5
mg/kg. For the prevention of cancer
chemotherapy-induced emesis, IV infusion 2 mg/kg is
given initially 30 minutes before administration of a highly
emetogenic drug and repeated twice at 2 hour intervals
following the initial dose.
Supply: Inj 10 mg/2 ml/amp; Tab 5 mg (Primperan); Cap
30 mg (Gastro-T)
64:00 Heavy Metal Antagonists
Deferoxamine methanesulfonate-Desferal (IDESF)
Indication: Treatment of acute iron intoxication, to

promote iron excretion in patients who have secondary
iron overload from the multiple transfusions frequently
used in the treatment of thalassemia or other chronic
anemia.
Contraindication: Patients with severe renal disease or
anuria.
Adverse effect: Allergic skin reactions, hypotension,
shock, dizziness, blurred vision, abdominal discomfort,
diarrhea.
Dosage: For acute iron intoxication: IM, Slow IV infusion,
1 g; to be followed by 0.5 g q4h for 2 doses then 0.5 g
q4-12h as needed; Max 6 g/day
For chronic iron overload: IM 0.5-1 g/day; SC infusion,
1-2 g/day; Slow IV infusion, 2 g for 1unit of blood
transfusion
68:00 Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
68:04 Adrenals
228 - - 229 - -
and desmethyl metabolites. Excretion: Urine (80%, as
inactive metabolites), feces (20%). Elimination half-life is
1.2 to 1.5 hours.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to esomeprazole or
benzimidazoles.
Adverse effect: Abdominal pain, constipation, diarrhea, ,
atulence, nausea, dizziness, headache, respiratory
infection and sinusitis.
Dosage:

20
40 mg once daily ; take at least 1 hour

before meals, do not chew or crush tablet.
Supply:

Tab 40 mg
56:32 Prokinetic Agents
Domperidone- D.M.P (Motilium) (OMOTI)
Indication: Domperidone is a peripheral dopamine
antagonist. It has been used in delayed gastric emptying,
nausea and vomiting, gastroesopageal reux disease,
and miscellaneous indications.
Adverse effect: Galactorrhea, seizures, and cardiac
arrhythmias have been reported.
Dosage: Nausea and vomiting 20-30 mg PO TID - QID.
Postprandial dyspepsia 10 mg PO TID (15 to 30 minutes
before meals).
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Metoclopramide HCl-Primperan (IPRIM) (OPRIMP)
Gastro-T (OGAST)
Indication: Stimulate gastric emptying, significant relief

of nausea, vomiting, anorexia & abdominal fullness,
prevention of cancer chemotherapy-induced emesis.
Contraindication: GI hemorrhage, mechanical
obstruction or perforation, pheochromocytoma, current
use of MAO inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants or
sympathomimetic drug cause extrapyramidal reaction.
Use cautiously in patients with asthma, glaucoma, or
prostate gland enlargement.
Adverse effect: Constipation, diarrhea, drowsiness,
lassitude, extrapyramidal reaction, galactorrhea,
dizziness, anxiety, periorbital oedema and skin rash
Dosage: PO 5-10 mg TID-QID AC, maximum dose: 0.5
mg/kg. For the prevention of cancer
chemotherapy-induced emesis, IV infusion 2 mg/kg is
given initially 30 minutes before administration of a highly
emetogenic drug and repeated twice at 2 hour intervals
following the initial dose.
Supply: Inj 10 mg/2 ml/amp; Tab 5 mg (Primperan); Cap
30 mg (Gastro-T)
64:00 Heavy Metal Antagonists
Deferoxamine methanesulfonate-Desferal (IDESF)
Indication: Treatment of acute iron intoxication, to

promote iron excretion in patients who have secondary
iron overload from the multiple transfusions frequently
used in the treatment of thalassemia or other chronic
anemia.
Contraindication: Patients with severe renal disease or
anuria.
Adverse effect: Allergic skin reactions, hypotension,
shock, dizziness, blurred vision, abdominal discomfort,
diarrhea.
Dosage: For acute iron intoxication: IM, Slow IV infusion,
1 g; to be followed by 0.5 g q4h for 2 doses then 0.5 g
q4-12h as needed; Max 6 g/day
For chronic iron overload: IM 0.5-1 g/day; SC infusion,
1-2 g/day; Slow IV infusion, 2 g for 1unit of blood
transfusion
68:00 Hormones and Synthetic Substitutes
68:04 Adrenals
230 - - 231 - -
Prednisolone (OPRED)
Indication: Endocrine and rheumatic disorders; collagen,

dermatological, ophthalmic, respiratory and GI disease,
exacerbation of multiple sclerosis, trichinosis associated
with neurological or myocardial involvement.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; ophthalmic products
should not be used for epithelial herpes simplex keratitis,
acute viral infections of the cornea or conjunctiva, fungal
eye infections, mycobacterial infections of the eye;
systemic fungal infection.
Adverse effect: Anemia, eosinopenia, leukocytosis,
lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis,
hypertensive crisis, hypertension, psychosis,
schizophrenic psychosis, extrapyramidal effects,
pseudotumor cerebri, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia,
hypercalcemia, adrenal suppression, Cushings
syndrome, porphyria, lipid abnormalities, hypokalemia,
peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, abdominal pain, nephrotoxicity,
proteinuria, cataracts, papilledema, acne, osteonecrosis,
osteoporosis, myopathy, and superinfections.
Dosage: 5-60 mg/day, maximum dose 250 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 5mg
Methylprednisolone-Mednin(OMEDN)
Indication: RA, acute & subacute bursitis, exfoliative

dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, contact
dermatitis & allergic conjunctivitis.
Contraindication: Systemic fungal infection;
immunization. Lactation.
Adverse effect: Fluis & electrolyte disturbances; muscle
weakness, aseptic osteonecrosis, osteoporosis; peptic
ulcer with perforation, hemorrhage, abdominal distention,
impaired wound healing; increased intraocular pressure;
Cushingoid state, grow suppression, menstrual
irregularities, posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Dosage: 4-48 mg QD-QID
Supply: Tab 4 mg
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate-Solu-Cortef (ISOLU)
Indication: Same as cortisone.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, during the
immediate and early post-operative period after
ileocolostomy; systemic fungal infection.
long-term systemic use include uid retention,
hypertension, euphoria, depression, adrenal suppression,
hyperglycemia, growth suppression, gastrointestinal
upset, cataracts, glaucoma, osteoporosis, and infection.
Topical products may cause burning, itching, or irritation.
Dosage: 15-240 mg/day, IM or IV or SC.
Stability: Hydrocortisone sodium succinate 250 mg/L is
physically compatible with D5W.
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Solu-Medrol (ISOLM)
Indication: Endocrine disorders, severe shock, collagen

disease, bronchial asthma and dermatologic disease.
ileocolostomy, systemic fungal infection.
Adverse effect: High-dose pulse therapy of
methylprednisolone has been associated with
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction.
Central nervous system effects include hemiplegia,
seizures, papilledema, headache, psychosis, visual
hallucinations, and meningitis.
Dosage: Usual dose 4-48 mg/day IV over one to several
minutes; high dose therapy, 30 mg/kg IV over 10-20
minutes, may be repeated Q4H or Q6H for 48 hours.
Triamcinolone Kenacort - A(IKENA)
Indication: Endocrine disorders, adrenocortical

insufciency, rheumatic disorders, collagen and
dermatological disease, bronchial asthma, serum
230 - - 231 - -
Prednisolone (OPRED)
Indication: Endocrine and rheumatic disorders; collagen,

dermatological, ophthalmic, respiratory and GI disease,
exacerbation of multiple sclerosis, trichinosis associated
with neurological or myocardial involvement.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; ophthalmic products
should not be used for epithelial herpes simplex keratitis,
acute viral infections of the cornea or conjunctiva, fungal
eye infections, mycobacterial infections of the eye;
Adverse effect: Anemia, eosinopenia, leukocytosis,
lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis,
hypertensive crisis, hypertension, psychosis,
schizophrenic psychosis, extrapyramidal effects,
pseudotumor cerebri, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia,
hypercalcemia, adrenal suppression, Cushings
syndrome, porphyria, lipid abnormalities, hypokalemia,
peptic ulcers, pancreatitis, abdominal pain, nephrotoxicity,
proteinuria, cataracts, papilledema, acne, osteonecrosis,
osteoporosis, myopathy, and superinfections.
Dosage: 5-60 mg/day, maximum dose 250 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 5mg
Methylprednisolone-Mednin(OMEDN)
Indication: RA, acute & subacute bursitis, exfoliative

dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, contact
dermatitis & allergic conjunctivitis.
Contraindication: Systemic fungal infection;
immunization. Lactation.
Adverse effect: Fluis & electrolyte disturbances; muscle
weakness, aseptic osteonecrosis, osteoporosis; peptic
ulcer with perforation, hemorrhage, abdominal distention,
impaired wound healing; increased intraocular pressure;
Cushingoid state, grow suppression, menstrual
irregularities, posterior subcapsular cataracts.
Dosage: 4-48 mg QD-QID
Supply: Tab 4 mg
Hydrocortisone sodium succinate-Solu-Cortef (ISOLU)
Indication: Same as cortisone.

ileocolostomy; systemic fungal infection.
long-term systemic use include uid retention,
hypertension, euphoria, depression, adrenal suppression,
hyperglycemia, growth suppression, gastrointestinal
upset, cataracts, glaucoma, osteoporosis, and infection.
Topical products may cause burning, itching, or irritation.
Dosage: 15-240 mg/day, IM or IV or SC.
Stability: Hydrocortisone sodium succinate 250 mg/L is
physically compatible with D5W.
Methylprednisolone sodium succinate
Solu-Medrol (ISOLM)
Indication: Endocrine disorders, severe shock, collagen

disease, bronchial asthma and dermatologic disease.
ileocolostomy, systemic fungal infection.
Adverse effect: High-dose pulse therapy of
methylprednisolone has been associated with
arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and myocardial infarction.
Central nervous system effects include hemiplegia,
seizures, papilledema, headache, psychosis, visual
hallucinations, and meningitis.
Dosage: Usual dose 4-48 mg/day IV over one to several
minutes; high dose therapy, 30 mg/kg IV over 10-20
minutes, may be repeated Q4H or Q6H for 48 hours.
Triamcinolone Kenacort - A(IKENA)
Indication: Endocrine disorders, adrenocortical

insufciency, rheumatic disorders, collagen and
dermatological disease, bronchial asthma, serum
232 - - 233 - -
sickness, ophthalmic disease, respiratory disease,
hematological disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; dental paste - fungal,
viral, or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat; inhaler
- status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma;
intramuscular - idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura;
Adverse effect: Sodium retention, muscle weakness,
osteoporosis, pancreatitis, ulcerative esophagitis, vertigo,
headache, convulsion and negative nitrogen balance.
Dosage: Intraarticular or intrabursal, 2.5-40 mg;
intradermal, 1 mg at each site repeated one or more
times weekly; IM, 60 mg.
Supply: Inj 10 mg/ml/vial
Dexamethasone-Decadron (Methason)(IDECA)
Indication: Conditions where the anti-inflammatory &

immunosuppressive effects of the corticosteroids are
desirable, especially for intensive treatment during
shorter periods.
Contraindication: Systemic fungal infection,
hypersensitivity. Administration of live virus vaccine.
Unstable or infected joints, diagnosed sepsis.
Adverse effect: Fluid & electrolyte disturbances, CV,
musculoskeletal, GI, dermatologic, neurologic, endocrine,
ophth & metabolic effects. Thromboembolism. Psychic
disturbances. Joint tissue damage (frequent IA inj).
Dosage: Depending on the conditions of the patient &
the disease being treated, 0.75-15 mg/day.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp
68:08 Androgens
Danazol-Ectopal (OECTO)(
Indication: Endometriosis, brocystic breast disease,

menorrhagia.
Contraindication: Abnormal genital bleeding; impaired
hepatic, renal or cardiac function; pregnancy and breast-
feeding.
Adverse effect: Acne, edema, mild hirsutism, decrease
in breast size, weight gain and testicular atrophy.
Dosage: Endometriosis: make sure the patient is not
pregnant; administer 800 mg/day BID for 3-6 months, up
to 9 months. Fibrocystic breast disease: 100-400 mg BID.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
68:16 Estrogens and Estrogen Agonists- Antagonists
68:16.04 Estrogens
Conjugated Estrogens- Estromon (OESTR)
Premarin(EPREM) (IPREM)
Indication: Severe vasomotor symptoms associated

with the menopause; primary ovarian failure; atrophic
vaginitis.
Contraindication: Breast cancer; estrogen dependent
neoplasia, pregnancy, active thrombophlebitis, or
thromboembolic disorders, abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Adverse effect: Breast tenderness, enlargement and
secretion, melasma, erythema multiforme erythema
nodosum, migraine, dizziness, mental depression and
chorea.
Dosage: Oral menopausal symptom 0.3-1.25 mg/day
cyclically, female hypogonadism 2.5-7.5mg/day in div,
doses for 20 days/cycle, female castration or primary
ovarian failure 1.25mg/day, dysfunctional uterine
bleeding 2.5mg/day in div doses for 7 days, osteoporsis
0.625 mg/day, breast carcinoma in postmenopausal
women 10 mg tid for at least 3 mons, prostatic carcinoma
1.25-2.5mg tid; IM, slow IV emergency treatment of
dysfunctional bleeding 25mg repeat in 6-12hrs if necessary
Supply: Tab 0.625 mg; Vaginal cream 0.625 mg/gm,
42.5 gm/tube; Inj 25 mg/vial.
Estradiol-Oestrogel (EOES3)
Indication: Natural or surgical menopause, estrogen

232 - - 233 - -
sickness, ophthalmic disease, respiratory disease,
hematological disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; dental paste - fungal,
viral, or bacterial infections of the mouth or throat; inhaler
- status asthmaticus or other acute episodes of asthma;
intramuscular - idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura;
Adverse effect: Sodium retention, muscle weakness,
osteoporosis, pancreatitis, ulcerative esophagitis, vertigo,
headache, convulsion and negative nitrogen balance.
Dosage: Intraarticular or intrabursal, 2.5-40 mg;
intradermal, 1 mg at each site repeated one or more
times weekly; IM, 60 mg.
Dexamethasone-Decadron (Methason)(IDECA)
Indication: Conditions where the anti-inflammatory &

immunosuppressive effects of the corticosteroids are
desirable, especially for intensive treatment during
shorter periods.
Contraindication: Systemic fungal infection,
hypersensitivity. Administration of live virus vaccine.
Unstable or infected joints, diagnosed sepsis.
Adverse effect: Fluid & electrolyte disturbances, CV,
musculoskeletal, GI, dermatologic, neurologic, endocrine,
ophth & metabolic effects. Thromboembolism. Psychic
disturbances. Joint tissue damage (frequent IA inj).
Dosage: Depending on the conditions of the patient &
the disease being treated, 0.75-15 mg/day.
Supply: Inj 5 mg/ml/amp
68:08 Androgens
Danazol-Ectopal (OECTO)(
Indication: Endometriosis, brocystic breast disease,

menorrhagia.
Contraindication: Abnormal genital bleeding; impaired
hepatic, renal or cardiac function; pregnancy and breast-
feeding.
Adverse effect: Acne, edema, mild hirsutism, decrease
in breast size, weight gain and testicular atrophy.
Dosage: Endometriosis: make sure the patient is not
pregnant; administer 800 mg/day BID for 3-6 months, up
to 9 months. Fibrocystic breast disease: 100-400 mg BID.
Supply: Cap 200 mg
68:16 Estrogens and Estrogen Agonists- Antagonists
68:16.04 Estrogens
Conjugated Estrogens- Estromon (OESTR)
Premarin(EPREM) (IPREM)
Indication: Severe vasomotor symptoms associated

with the menopause; primary ovarian failure; atrophic
vaginitis.
Contraindication: Breast cancer; estrogen dependent
neoplasia, pregnancy, active thrombophlebitis, or
thromboembolic disorders, abnormal vaginal bleeding.
Adverse effect: Breast tenderness, enlargement and
secretion, melasma, erythema multiforme erythema
nodosum, migraine, dizziness, mental depression and
chorea.
Dosage: Oral menopausal symptom 0.3-1.25 mg/day
cyclically, female hypogonadism 2.5-7.5mg/day in div,
doses for 20 days/cycle, female castration or primary
ovarian failure 1.25mg/day, dysfunctional uterine
bleeding 2.5mg/day in div doses for 7 days, osteoporsis
0.625 mg/day, breast carcinoma in postmenopausal
women 10 mg tid for at least 3 mons, prostatic carcinoma
1.25-2.5mg tid; IM, slow IV emergency treatment of
dysfunctional bleeding 25mg repeat in 6-12hrs if necessary
Supply: Tab 0.625 mg; Vaginal cream 0.625 mg/gm,
42.5 gm/tube; Inj 25 mg/vial.
Estradiol-Oestrogel (EOES3)
Indication: Natural or surgical menopause, estrogen

234 - - 235 - -
deciencies; vasomotor disorders associated with
menopause; tropic disorders caused by disturbances in
ovarian secretions as in vag atrophy, kraurosis vulvae,
female hypogonadism, castration in women, primary
ovarian deciency.
Precautions: Migraine, oestrogen-sensitive
gynaeocological disorders eg uterine bromyomata,
endometriosis.
Dosage: Apply 2.5 g daily (preferably on the abdomen)
for 24 successive days, stop for 1 week (25
th
-end of the
months), then combine therapy with an oral progesterone
from 13
th
-24
th
day of the cycle. A depletion in bleeding is
generally seen during the weeks of interruption.
Supply: Gel 0.06% 30 g/tube
68:16.12 Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists
Clomiphene citrate (OCLOM)
Indication: It is used in anovulatory infertility; the drug

has also been used to treat male infertility.
Contraindication: During pregnancy; liver dysfunction;
abnormal uterine bleeding; organic intracranial lesion
such as a pituitary tumor; uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal
dysfunction; hypersensitivity to clomiphene
Adverse effect: Hot ushes, abdominal discomfort,
ovarian enlargement, blurred vision; isolated cases of
cancer (testicular, hepatic, breast) have been reported.
Dosage: 50mg/day for 5 days should be started in the
fth day of the cycle; if no effect, next course 100mg/day
for 5 days.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Tibolone Livial (OLIVI)
Indication: Tibolone is a synthetic steroidal agent with
estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic activity.
Tibolone has demonstrated efcacy in the treatment of
menopausal symptoms and has prevented bone loss in
postmenopausal patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, breast cancer,
estrogen-dependent neoplasms, cerebrovascular
disease, coronary artery disease, thromboembolic
disorders, history of cholestatic jaundice, hepatic tumors,
abnormal vaginal bleeding
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, edema and
weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Vaginal
bleeding is more common when the drug is given during
the rst year of menopause; potentially deleterious
decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
and apolipoprotein A1 levels have been observed with
tibolone. No coagulation effects were associated.
Dosage: Menopausal symptoms and prevention and
treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2.5 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
68:18 Gonadotropins
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Pregnyl (HCG)(IHCG)(
Indication: Amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, abortion,

ovulation induction; for male: hypogonadotropic
eunuchoidism, azoospermia, impotency, obesity,
asthenospermia, cryptorchidism.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, pituitary tumor,
hypersensitivity, premature menopause, prostate cancer.
Adverse effect: Ovarian enlargement, rupture of ovarian
cysts, multiple births.
Dosage: For induction of ovulation and pregnancy: IM
5000-10000 IU given 1 day following the last dose of
menotropins. For prepubertal cryptorchidism: IM, 5000 IU
qod for 4 doses or 500-1000 IU for 15 doses over 6wks.
For hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: IM, 500-1000 IU 3
times/wk for 3 wks, followed by the same dose 3
times/wk foe 3 wks
Stability: Human chorionic gonadotropin 10,000 units
with a solvent of Sodium Chloride 0.72% and phenol
0.45% 10mL to provide 1000 units/mL, stable for 1 week
234 - - 235 - -
deciencies; vasomotor disorders associated with
menopause; tropic disorders caused by disturbances in
ovarian secretions as in vag atrophy, kraurosis vulvae,
female hypogonadism, castration in women, primary
ovarian deciency.
Precautions: Migraine, oestrogen-sensitive
gynaeocological disorders eg uterine bromyomata,
endometriosis.
Dosage: Apply 2.5 g daily (preferably on the abdomen)
for 24 successive days, stop for 1 week (25
th
-end of the
months), then combine therapy with an oral progesterone
from 13
th
-24
th
day of the cycle. A depletion in bleeding is
generally seen during the weeks of interruption.
Supply: Gel 0.06% 30 g/tube
68:16.12 Estrogen Agonists-Antagonists
Clomiphene citrate (OCLOM)
Indication: It is used in anovulatory infertility; the drug

has also been used to treat male infertility.
Contraindication: During pregnancy; liver dysfunction;
abnormal uterine bleeding; organic intracranial lesion
such as a pituitary tumor; uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal
dysfunction; hypersensitivity to clomiphene
Adverse effect: Hot ushes, abdominal discomfort,
ovarian enlargement, blurred vision; isolated cases of
cancer (testicular, hepatic, breast) have been reported.
Dosage: 50mg/day for 5 days should be started in the
fth day of the cycle; if no effect, next course 100mg/day
for 5 days.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Tibolone Livial (OLIVI)
Indication: Tibolone is a synthetic steroidal agent with
estrogenic, progestogenic, and androgenic activity.
Tibolone has demonstrated efcacy in the treatment of
menopausal symptoms and has prevented bone loss in
postmenopausal patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, breast cancer,
estrogen-dependent neoplasms, cerebrovascular
disease, coronary artery disease, thromboembolic
disorders, history of cholestatic jaundice, hepatic tumors,
abnormal vaginal bleeding
Adverse effect: Headache, dizziness, edema and
weight gain, and gastrointestinal disturbances. Vaginal
bleeding is more common when the drug is given during
the rst year of menopause; potentially deleterious
decreases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
and apolipoprotein A1 levels have been observed with
tibolone. No coagulation effects were associated.
Dosage: Menopausal symptoms and prevention and
treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 2.5 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
68:18 Gonadotropins
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
Pregnyl (HCG)(IHCG)(
Indication: Amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, abortion,

ovulation induction; for male: hypogonadotropic
eunuchoidism, azoospermia, impotency, obesity,
asthenospermia, cryptorchidism.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, pituitary tumor,
hypersensitivity, premature menopause, prostate cancer.
Adverse effect: Ovarian enlargement, rupture of ovarian
cysts, multiple births.
Dosage: For induction of ovulation and pregnancy: IM
5000-10000 IU given 1 day following the last dose of
menotropins. For prepubertal cryptorchidism: IM, 5000 IU
qod for 4 doses or 500-1000 IU for 15 doses over 6wks.
For hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: IM, 500-1000 IU 3
times/wk for 3 wks, followed by the same dose 3
times/wk foe 3 wks
Stability: Human chorionic gonadotropin 10,000 units
with a solvent of Sodium Chloride 0.72% and phenol
0.45% 10mL to provide 1000 units/mL, stable for 1 week
236 - - 237 - -
at room temperature and 3 months refrigerated.
Supply: Inj 5000 IU/amp
Follitropin-beta (FSH)-Puregon (IPURE)
Indication: In female infertility
anovulation in women
who have been unresponsive to treatment with
clomiphene, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to
induce the development of multiple follicles in medically
assisted reproduction programs. In male
decient
spermatogenesis due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Pharmacology: Follitropin beta is a preparation of
human-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) derived by
recombinant DNA technology. Thus it can be used to
stimulate follicular growth and maturation, and gonadal
steroid production.
Pharmacokinetics: Puregon for IM or SC administration
were equivalent with respect to the extent of absorption;
The time to maximal concentration is within about 12
hours, Vd: 8 liter, elimination half-life 27-44 hours.
Contraindication: Abnormal vaginal bleeding of
undetermined origin, high circulating FSH level indicating
primary ovarian failure, hypersensitivity to recombinant
human FSH products, ovarian cysts/enlargement not due
to polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy, tumor of the
ovary, breast, uterus, hypothalamus, or pituitary gland,
uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction.
Adverse effect: Headache (up to 27%), abdominal pain
(up to 23%), dizziness, fever, ovarian hyper-stimulation
syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, hypertrophy of ovary,
spontaneous abortion.
Dosage: Anovulation: initial, 75 IU SC/IM daily for up to
14 days; max 300 IU/day; administer hCG 1 day after last
dose. In medically assisted reproduction programs: initial,
150-225 IU SC/IM daily for at least 4 days, then 75-300
IU daily for 6-12 days; max 600 IU/day; administer hCG
once follicular development is evident.
Storage: Store at 2
-8
( in a refrigerator). Do not freeze.

Supply: Cartridge 300 IU/0.36 ml
68:20 Antidiabetic Agents
68:20.02
-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose-Glucobay (OGLUCB)
Indication: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: Acarbose is an inhibitor of intestinal

-glucosidases. It acts via competitive inhibition of

-glucosidases, which delays absorption of

monosaccharides and reduces post-prandial blood glucose.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to acarbose, Diabetic
ketoacidosis, Cirrhosis, Digestive diseases associated
with marked problems in absorption or digestion;
Conditions which may worsen with increased intestinal
gas, Partial bowel obstruction or predisposition to bowel
obstruction, Inammatory bowel disease, Colon ulcerations.
Adverse effect: Flatulence, meteorism, abdominal pain
and distention, diarrhea, and borborygmi are the main
adverse effects. Isolated cases of elevated liver enzymes
have been reported.
Dosage: Initial 25 mg TID with meal, maintenance dose
50-100 mg TID
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 0.7 to 2% is
absorbed from GI tract. Acarbose is not metabolized
systemically, but it may be degraded by the influence of
intestinal bacteria and the degradation products are
absorbed.
Supply: Tab 50 mg

68:20.04 Biguanides
Metformin-Glucophage (OGLUC) Metformin(OMETF)
C.T.L. XR (OCTL) Glucomin XR (OGLU5)
Antigluco(OMET8) Anxoken(OANXO)
Indication: Metformin is a biguanide indicated as an

adjunct to diet for lowering blood glucose levels in
patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: It has also been used in combination
236 - - 237 - -
at room temperature and 3 months refrigerated.
Supply: Inj 5000 IU/amp
Follitropin-beta (FSH)-Puregon (IPURE)
Indication: In female infertility
anovulation in women
who have been unresponsive to treatment with
clomiphene, controlled ovarian hyperstimulation to
induce the development of multiple follicles in medically
assisted reproduction programs. In male
decient
spermatogenesis due to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism.
Pharmacology: Follitropin beta is a preparation of
human-follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) derived by
recombinant DNA technology. Thus it can be used to
stimulate follicular growth and maturation, and gonadal
steroid production.
Pharmacokinetics: Puregon for IM or SC administration
were equivalent with respect to the extent of absorption;
The time to maximal concentration is within about 12
hours, Vd: 8 liter, elimination half-life 27-44 hours.
Contraindication: Abnormal vaginal bleeding of
undetermined origin, high circulating FSH level indicating
primary ovarian failure, hypersensitivity to recombinant
human FSH products, ovarian cysts/enlargement not due
to polycystic ovary syndrome, pregnancy, tumor of the
ovary, breast, uterus, hypothalamus, or pituitary gland,
uncontrolled thyroid or adrenal dysfunction.
Adverse effect: Headache (up to 27%), abdominal pain
(up to 23%), dizziness, fever, ovarian hyper-stimulation
syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, hypertrophy of ovary,
spontaneous abortion.
Dosage: Anovulation: initial, 75 IU SC/IM daily for up to
14 days; max 300 IU/day; administer hCG 1 day after last
dose. In medically assisted reproduction programs: initial,
150-225 IU SC/IM daily for at least 4 days, then 75-300
IU daily for 6-12 days; max 600 IU/day; administer hCG
once follicular development is evident.
Storage: Store at 2
-8
( in a refrigerator). Do not freeze.

Supply: Cartridge 300 IU/0.36 ml
68:20 Antidiabetic Agents
68:20.02
-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Acarbose-Glucobay (OGLUCB)
Indication: Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: Acarbose is an inhibitor of intestinal

-glucosidases. It acts via competitive inhibition of

-glucosidases, which delays absorption of

monosaccharides and reduces post-prandial blood glucose.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to acarbose, Diabetic
ketoacidosis, Cirrhosis, Digestive diseases associated
with marked problems in absorption or digestion;
Conditions which may worsen with increased intestinal
gas, Partial bowel obstruction or predisposition to bowel
obstruction, Inammatory bowel disease, Colon ulcerations.
Adverse effect: Flatulence, meteorism, abdominal pain
and distention, diarrhea, and borborygmi are the main
adverse effects. Isolated cases of elevated liver enzymes
have been reported.
Dosage: Initial 25 mg TID with meal, maintenance dose
50-100 mg TID
Pharmacokinetics: Approximately 0.7 to 2% is
absorbed from GI tract. Acarbose is not metabolized
systemically, but it may be degraded by the influence of
intestinal bacteria and the degradation products are
absorbed.
Supply: Tab 50 mg

68:20.04 Biguanides
Metformin-Glucophage (OGLUC) Metformin(OMETF)
C.T.L. XR (OCTL) Glucomin XR (OGLU5)
Antigluco(OMET8) Anxoken(OANXO)
Indication: Metformin is a biguanide indicated as an

adjunct to diet for lowering blood glucose levels in
patients with type II diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: It has also been used in combination
238 - - 239 - -
with sulfonylureas and insulin. The mechanism of action
and side effect prole differ from sulfonylureas and offer
advantages particularly for obese patients with type II
diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Diabetic coma and ketoacidosis.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, skin rash, and
lactacidosis.
Dosage: 0.75-1.5g daily.
Supply: Tab 500 mg (Glucophage, Metformin, C.T.L.XR,
Glucomin XR), 850 mg (Antigluco), 1000 mg (Anxoken)
Glyburide/Metformin-Glucomet (OGLUM)
Indication: Type 2 Diabetes

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metformin or
glyburide, renal disease or renal dysfunction (serum
creatinine 1.5 mg/dL in males or 1.4 mg/dL in females);
congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment;
acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including
diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal reactions,
lactic asidosis (less than 3 cases in every 100,000 cases).
Dosage: Initial: 2.5 mg/500 mg or 5 mg/500 mg twice daily,
MAX: 20 mg/200 mg/day
Supply: Tab Glyburide 5 mg/Metformin 500 mg
68:20.05 Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitors

Sitagliptin phosphate-Januvia (OJANU)

Contraindication: Serious hypersensitivity reaction (eg,
angioedema, anaphylaxis) to sitagliptin
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, headache,
nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory infection.
Dosage: 100 mg orally once daily with or without food;
when administered with sulfonylurea, a lower dose of
sulfonylurea may be required.
Supply: Tab Sitagliptin 100 mg
68:20.08 Insulins
Isophane Insulin (NPH Insulin),
Human -Insulatard HM(IHUN)(IHUNU)
Indication: Insulin-requiring diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Hypoglycaemia, insulinoma.
Adverse effect: Rare incidence of allergy & lipoatrophy.
Dosage: Administer once or twice daily by SC inj.
Supply: Inj 100 IU/ml, 10 ml/vial
Regular Insulin, Human -Actrapid HM
(IHUR) (IHURU)
Adverse effect: Rarely incidence of allergy & lipoatrophy.
Dosage: Usually given 3 or more times daily (when used
alone) by SC, IM or IV inj.
Insulin aspart/Insulin aspart protamine-
Novomix 30 (IHUMP)
Indication: Treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus

Pharmacology: NovoMix 30 Penll contain insulin
aspart and insulin aspart protamine. The blood glucose
lowering effect of insulin aspart occurs when molecules
facilitate the uptake of glucose by binding to insulin
receptors on muscle and fat cells and simultaneously
inhibit glucose release from the liver.
Pharmacokinetics: NovoMix onset: 10-20 min, peak
effect: 1-4 hours, duration: 24 hours..
Contraindication: Hypoglycaemia; hypersensitivity to
insulin aspart or any of the excipients.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycaemia
Dosage: Usual initial dose: 0.5-1 unit/kg/day in divided
doses; SC within 5-10 min before a meal.
Supply: Inj insulin aspart 30%, insulin aspart protamine
70%, 100 U/ml, 3 ml/cartridge.
238 - - 239 - -
with sulfonylureas and insulin. The mechanism of action
and side effect prole differ from sulfonylureas and offer
advantages particularly for obese patients with type II
diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Diabetic coma and ketoacidosis.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, skin rash, and
lactacidosis.
Dosage: 0.75-1.5g daily.
Supply: Tab 500 mg (Glucophage, Metformin, C.T.L.XR,
Glucomin XR), 850 mg (Antigluco), 1000 mg (Anxoken)
Glyburide/Metformin-Glucomet (OGLUM)

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metformin or
glyburide, renal disease or renal dysfunction (serum
creatinine 1.5 mg/dL in males or 1.4 mg/dL in females);
congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment;
acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including
diabetic ketoacidosis, with or without coma.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal reactions,
lactic asidosis (less than 3 cases in every 100,000 cases).
Dosage: Initial: 2.5 mg/500 mg or 5 mg/500 mg twice daily,
MAX: 20 mg/200 mg/day
Supply: Tab Glyburide 5 mg/Metformin 500 mg
68:20.05 Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV (DPP-4) Inhibitors

Sitagliptin phosphate-Januvia (OJANU)

Contraindication: Serious hypersensitivity reaction (eg,
angioedema, anaphylaxis) to sitagliptin
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, headache,
nasopharyngitis and upper respiratory infection.
Dosage: 100 mg orally once daily with or without food;
when administered with sulfonylurea, a lower dose of
sulfonylurea may be required.
Supply: Tab Sitagliptin 100 mg
68:20.08 Insulins
Isophane Insulin (NPH Insulin),
Human -Insulatard HM(IHUN)(IHUNU)
Adverse effect: Rare incidence of allergy & lipoatrophy.
Dosage: Administer once or twice daily by SC inj.
Regular Insulin, Human -Actrapid HM
(IHUR) (IHURU)
Adverse effect: Rarely incidence of allergy & lipoatrophy.
Dosage: Usually given 3 or more times daily (when used
alone) by SC, IM or IV inj.
Insulin aspart/Insulin aspart protamine-
Novomix 30 (IHUMP)
Indication: Treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus

Pharmacology: NovoMix 30 Penll contain insulin
aspart and insulin aspart protamine. The blood glucose
lowering effect of insulin aspart occurs when molecules
facilitate the uptake of glucose by binding to insulin
receptors on muscle and fat cells and simultaneously
inhibit glucose release from the liver.
Pharmacokinetics: NovoMix onset: 10-20 min, peak
effect: 1-4 hours, duration: 24 hours..
Contraindication: Hypoglycaemia; hypersensitivity to
insulin aspart or any of the excipients.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycaemia
Dosage: Usual initial dose: 0.5-1 unit/kg/day in divided
doses; SC within 5-10 min before a meal.
Supply: Inj insulin aspart 30%, insulin aspart protamine
70%, 100 U/ml, 3 ml/cartridge.
240 - - 241 - -
Insulin glargine-Lantus (ILANT)
Indication: Lantus is indicated for once-daily
subcutaneous administration for the treatment of adult
and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, or
adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring
basal (long-acting) insulin for the control of hyperglycemia.
Pharmacology: Insulin glargine is a recombinant human
insulin analog that is a long-acting (up to 24-hour duration
of action), parenteral blood-glucose-lowering agent.
Pharmacokinetics: After subcutaneous injection of
insulin glargine in healthy subjects and in patients with
diabetes, the insulin serum concentrations indicated a
slower, more prolonged absorption and a relatively constant
concentration/time prole over 24 hours with no
pronounced peak in comparison to NPH human insulin.
Contraindication: Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity to
insulin glargine or any of the excipients.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycaemia, injection site pain, rash.
Dosage: Usual initial dose: 0.15-0.4 unit/kg/day. Lantus
should be administered SC once a day at the same time
every day. Do NOT be administered intravenously. Do
NOT dilute; Do NOT mix with any other insulin product or
solution. The solution should be clear and colorless with
no particles visible.
Storage: Should be stored at 2-8
, the opened vials or

cartridges should be used within 28 days.
Supply: Inj 100U/ml, 3ml/pen.
Insulin detemir-Levemir(ILEVE)
Indication: Treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Precautions: Psychic stress, infection or other diseases
that may increase insulin requirement. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, inj site reactions. Rarely,
lipodystrophy, allergic reactions.
Dosage: Administer SC once or bid. Duration of action:
up to 24 hr depending on dose.
Supply: Flex pen 100 U/ml, 3 ml/pen.
68:20.16 Meglitinides
Repaglinide Novonorm(ONOVO)
Supernide(OREPA)
Indication: Repaglinide is an oral agent of the

meglitinide class used for treating noninsulin dependent
diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: Repaglinide has signicantly reduced
postprandial blood glucose in type 2 diabetes; minimal
effects on fasting blood glucose were observed.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to repaglinide; insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus; ketoacidosis
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia is the major adverse
effect; nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and
dyspepsia were reported at a similar incidence to
placebo and sulfonylureas.
Dosage: 0.5-4 mg PO AC; the maximum total daily dose
should not exceed 16 mg
Pharmacokinetics: Rapidly absorbed following oral
administration. Extensively metabolized in the liver and
excreted predominantly via the feces; Elimination half-life:
less than one hour.
Supply: Tab 1 mg
68:20.20 Sulfonylureas
Glibenclamide-Euglucon(OEUGL)
Indication: Mild or moderately severe uncomplicated

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Patients complicated by fever, trauma
or gangrene, and with impaired renal or hepatic functions
or serious impairment of thyroid or adrenal function,
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, dizziness, jaundice,
skin rashes and blood disorders.
Dosage: Initial dose 5 mg/day, may be gradually
increased if necessary, up to 20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
240 - - 241 - -
Insulin glargine-Lantus (ILANT)
Indication: Lantus is indicated for once-daily
subcutaneous administration for the treatment of adult
and pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, or
adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus requiring
basal (long-acting) insulin for the control of hyperglycemia.
Pharmacology: Insulin glargine is a recombinant human
insulin analog that is a long-acting (up to 24-hour duration
of action), parenteral blood-glucose-lowering agent.
Pharmacokinetics: After subcutaneous injection of
insulin glargine in healthy subjects and in patients with
diabetes, the insulin serum concentrations indicated a
slower, more prolonged absorption and a relatively constant
concentration/time prole over 24 hours with no
pronounced peak in comparison to NPH human insulin.
Contraindication: Hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity to
insulin glargine or any of the excipients.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycaemia, injection site pain, rash.
Dosage: Usual initial dose: 0.15-0.4 unit/kg/day. Lantus
should be administered SC once a day at the same time
every day. Do NOT be administered intravenously. Do
NOT dilute; Do NOT mix with any other insulin product or
solution. The solution should be clear and colorless with
no particles visible.
Storage: Should be stored at 2-8
, the opened vials or

cartridges should be used within 28 days.
Supply: Inj 100U/ml, 3ml/pen.
Insulin detemir-Levemir(ILEVE)
Indication: Treatment of diabetes mellitus.

Precautions: Psychic stress, infection or other diseases
that may increase insulin requirement. Pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, inj site reactions. Rarely,
lipodystrophy, allergic reactions.
Dosage: Administer SC once or bid. Duration of action:
up to 24 hr depending on dose.
Supply: Flex pen 100 U/ml, 3 ml/pen.
68:20.16 Meglitinides
Repaglinide Novonorm(ONOVO)
Supernide(OREPA)
Indication: Repaglinide is an oral agent of the

meglitinide class used for treating noninsulin dependent
diabetes mellitus.
Place in therapy: Repaglinide has signicantly reduced
postprandial blood glucose in type 2 diabetes; minimal
effects on fasting blood glucose were observed.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to repaglinide; insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus; ketoacidosis
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia is the major adverse
effect; nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, and
dyspepsia were reported at a similar incidence to
placebo and sulfonylureas.
Dosage: 0.5-4 mg PO AC; the maximum total daily dose
should not exceed 16 mg
Pharmacokinetics: Rapidly absorbed following oral
administration. Extensively metabolized in the liver and
excreted predominantly via the feces; Elimination half-life:
less than one hour.
Supply: Tab 1 mg
68:20.20 Sulfonylureas
Glibenclamide-Euglucon(OEUGL)
Indication: Mild or moderately severe uncomplicated

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Patients complicated by fever, trauma
or gangrene, and with impaired renal or hepatic functions
or serious impairment of thyroid or adrenal function,
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Adverse effect: GI disturbances, dizziness, jaundice,
skin rashes and blood disorders.
Dosage: Initial dose 5 mg/day, may be gradually
increased if necessary, up to 20 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
242 - - 243 - -
Gliclazide-Diamicron MR (ODIAMM)
Diamin MR(ODIAM) Kludone(OKLUD)
Dail(OGLIC)
Indication: All types of maturity onset diabetes.

Contraindication: Same as glibenclamide.
Adverse effect: Skin reaction, headache, GI disturbances.
Dosage: Initial doses 30 mg/day, gradually increased if
necessary up to 120 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Diamicron MR, Diamin MR, Kludone),
80 mg (Dial).

Glipizide-Minidiab(OMINI) Diabetrol SR (ODIAB)
Indication: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(Type II) pati ents whose hypergl ycemi a cannot be
controlled by diet alone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; diabetic
ketoacidosis; insulin should be used
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, Nausea, anorexia,
vomiting, pyrosis, gastralgia, diarrhea, constipation, allergic
skin reaction, dizziness, drowsiness, headache.
Dosage: PO 2.5 mg to 20 mg QD, administered
approximately 30 minutes before meals; maximum dose:
40 mg/day (Minidiab), 20 mg/day (Diabetrol SR). If doses
exceed 15 mg, divided into at least 2 doses.
Pharmacokinetics: Maximum decreases in blood
glucose occur 2 to 3 after administration. It is extensively
metabolized in the liver. About 10% of a dose is
eliminated as unchanged drug in the urine and feces.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Minidiab), 10 mg (Diabetrol SR)
Glimepiride-Amaryl(OAMAR) Glimaryl (OGLIMA)
Indication: Glimepiride is a second-generation

sulfonylurea.
Place in therapy: Glimepiride monotherapy is indicated
as an adjunct to diet and exercise for non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus. It is also indicated for use in
combination with insulin in patients with secondary failure.
Glimepiride may also be used with metformin if
glimepiride monotherapy does not achieve adequate
lowering of blood glucose.
Contraindication: Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypersensitivity
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of glimepiride resemble
those of other sulfonylureas, and include hypoglycemia,
gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, headache, skin
reactions, hyponatremia, and transaminase elevations.
Dosage: Adults: non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes
mellitus: 1-2 mg PO QD, followed by gradual increases to
a maximum of 8 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Glimepiride is completely and rapidly
absorbed after oral doses. Metabolism occurs in the liver.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
68:20.28 Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone Actos(OACTO) Diazone (ODIAZ)
Indication: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione

antidiabetic agent. Pioglitazone is indicated for type II
diabetes mellitus alone or in combination with sulfonylureas,
metformin, or insulin.
Contraindication: Type I diabetes mellitus; diabetic
ketoacidosis; pioglitazone should not be started in
patients with clinical evidence of active liver disease or in
patients with an alanine aminotransferase greater than
2.5 times the upper limit of normal
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effect is edema.
Other adverse effects include headache, myalgia, and
upper respiratory infection. Although the incidence of
liver enzyme elevations was similar for pioglitazone and
placebo, and no symptoms of hepatotoxicity were reported,
frequent monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended
during pioglitazone therapy.
Dosage: initial dosage 15-30 mg PO QD without regard
to meals; the maximum recommended dosage is 45 mg
PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Total protein binding is greater than
99%; pioglitazone is bound primarily to serum albumin.
242 - - 243 - -
Gliclazide-Diamicron MR (ODIAMM)
Diamin MR(ODIAM) Kludone(OKLUD)
Dail(OGLIC)
Indication: All types of maturity onset diabetes.

Contraindication: Same as glibenclamide.
Adverse effect: Skin reaction, headache, GI disturbances.
Dosage: Initial doses 30 mg/day, gradually increased if
necessary up to 120 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Diamicron MR, Diamin MR, Kludone),
80 mg (Dial).

Glipizide-Minidiab(OMINI) Diabetrol SR (ODIAB)
Indication: Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
(Type II) pati ents whose hypergl ycemi a cannot be
controlled by diet alone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; diabetic
ketoacidosis; insulin should be used
Adverse effect: Hypoglycemia, Nausea, anorexia,
vomiting, pyrosis, gastralgia, diarrhea, constipation, allergic
skin reaction, dizziness, drowsiness, headache.
Dosage: PO 2.5 mg to 20 mg QD, administered
approximately 30 minutes before meals; maximum dose:
40 mg/day (Minidiab), 20 mg/day (Diabetrol SR). If doses
exceed 15 mg, divided into at least 2 doses.
Pharmacokinetics: Maximum decreases in blood
glucose occur 2 to 3 after administration. It is extensively
metabolized in the liver. About 10% of a dose is
eliminated as unchanged drug in the urine and feces.
Supply: Tab 5 mg (Minidiab), 10 mg (Diabetrol SR)
Glimepiride-Amaryl(OAMAR) Glimaryl (OGLIMA)
Indication: Glimepiride is a second-generation

sulfonylurea.
Place in therapy: Glimepiride monotherapy is indicated
as an adjunct to diet and exercise for non-insulin
dependent diabetes mellitus. It is also indicated for use in
combination with insulin in patients with secondary failure.
Glimepiride may also be used with metformin if
glimepiride monotherapy does not achieve adequate
lowering of blood glucose.
Contraindication: Diabetic ketoacidosis, hypersensitivity
Adverse effect: Adverse effects of glimepiride resemble
those of other sulfonylureas, and include hypoglycemia,
gastrointestinal symptoms, dizziness, headache, skin
reactions, hyponatremia, and transaminase elevations.
Dosage: Adults: non-insulin-dependent (type II) diabetes
mellitus: 1-2 mg PO QD, followed by gradual increases to
a maximum of 8 mg PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Glimepiride is completely and rapidly
absorbed after oral doses. Metabolism occurs in the liver.
Supply: Tab 2 mg
68:20.28 Thiazolidinediones
Pioglitazone Actos(OACTO) Diazone (ODIAZ)
Indication: Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione

antidiabetic agent. Pioglitazone is indicated for type II
diabetes mellitus alone or in combination with sulfonylureas,
metformin, or insulin.
Contraindication: Type I diabetes mellitus; diabetic
ketoacidosis; pioglitazone should not be started in
patients with clinical evidence of active liver disease or in
patients with an alanine aminotransferase greater than
2.5 times the upper limit of normal
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effect is edema.
Other adverse effects include headache, myalgia, and
upper respiratory infection. Although the incidence of
liver enzyme elevations was similar for pioglitazone and
placebo, and no symptoms of hepatotoxicity were reported,
frequent monitoring of liver enzymes is recommended
during pioglitazone therapy.
Dosage: initial dosage 15-30 mg PO QD without regard
to meals; the maximum recommended dosage is 45 mg
PO QD
Pharmacokinetics: Total protein binding is greater than
99%; pioglitazone is bound primarily to serum albumin.
244 - - 245 - -
Pioglitazone is metabolized extensively in the liver to
active and inactive metabolites.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Actos), 15 mg (Diazone)
Rosiglitazone-Avandia(OAVAN)
Indication: Rosiglitazone is effective as monotherapy or

in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea for
treating type II diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rosiglitazone
Adverse effect: Headache and upper respiratory
infection were reported. The elevation of serum
transaminases was reported in clinical trials with
incidence of 0.2%.
Dosage: Adults: initially 4 mg PO QD or dose divided to
BID, may be increased to 8 mg QD after 8-12 weeks
Pharmacokinetics: It is almost completely metabolized
in the liver to inactive metabolites. Elimination is via the
kidney (64%) and feces (23%); the elimination half-life is
3 to 4 hours.
Supply: Tab 4 mg
68:24 Parathyroid
Salmon Calcitonin-Miacalcic (N.S.)(IMIAC)
Caspray N.S. (ECASP)
Indication: Calcitonins are used to treat severe

hypercalcemia of various origins, Pagets disease,
osteoporosis of various origins, and intractable cancer
pain in patients with malignant bone metastases.
Place in therapy: It is often the rst drug of choice in
patients who are moderately or severely symptomatic and
who are not controlled with general measures (re-hydration
and furosemide-induced diuresis).
Adverse effect: Nausea, facial ushing, and increased
urinary frequency are the most common adverse effects
of calcitonins. The adverse effects are dose-related,
which can generally be controlled by decreasing the dose,
administering at bedtime, using antiemetics, or possibly
by giving an antiserotonin agent.
Dosage: Hypercalcemia: 4 IU/kg of salmon calcitonin
Q12H IM or SC, increasing every 1-2 day to a MAX of 8
IU/kg Q12H if necessary. Postmenopausal osteoporosis:
100 IU of salmon calcitonin daily or every other day IM or
SC. Pagets disease: 50 to 100 IU of salmon calcitonin
once to 7 times weekly IM or SC. Intractable pain from
bone metastases: 100 IU/day of salmon calcitonin SC.
Stability: Calcitonin is stable at 25
for up to 2 weeks
but manufacturer recommend the product be stored
under 2-8
.
Supply: Inj 50 I.U./1ml/amp (Miacalcic); Nasal spray 200
IU/puff, 14 puffs/bot (Caspray)
68:28 Pituitary
Vasopressin-Pitressin (IPITR)
Indication: Postoperative abdominal distension and in

diabetes insipidus.
Contraindication: Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to the
components.
Adverse effect: Vasopressin may cause a marked
decrease in cardiac function due to coronary artery
constriction; the drug should be used with caution and
appropriate monitoring in critically ill patients. Other
adverse effects reported include tremor, sweating,
vertigo, water intoxication, hyponatremia, metabolic
acidosis, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, urticaria,
and anaphylaxis.
Administration: 10 units (0.5 ml) will usually elicit full
physiologic response. In adult, pitressin should be given
IM at 3 or 4 hours intervals as needed.
Stability: D5W or NS has been used for the dilution of
vasopressin injection to a concentration of 100 to 1000 U/L.
Supply: Inj 20 units/ml/amp (aqueous solution)
244 - - 245 - -
Pioglitazone is metabolized extensively in the liver to
active and inactive metabolites.
Supply: Tab 30 mg (Actos), 15 mg (Diazone)
Rosiglitazone-Avandia(OAVAN)
Indication: Rosiglitazone is effective as monotherapy or

in combination with metformin or a sulfonylurea for
treating type II diabetes mellitus.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to rosiglitazone
Adverse effect: Headache and upper respiratory
infection were reported. The elevation of serum
transaminases was reported in clinical trials with
incidence of 0.2%.
Dosage: Adults: initially 4 mg PO QD or dose divided to
BID, may be increased to 8 mg QD after 8-12 weeks
Pharmacokinetics: It is almost completely metabolized
in the liver to inactive metabolites. Elimination is via the
kidney (64%) and feces (23%); the elimination half-life is
3 to 4 hours.
Supply: Tab 4 mg
68:24 Parathyroid
Salmon Calcitonin-Miacalcic (N.S.)(IMIAC)
Caspray N.S. (ECASP)
Indication: Calcitonins are used to treat severe

hypercalcemia of various origins, Pagets disease,
osteoporosis of various origins, and intractable cancer
pain in patients with malignant bone metastases.
Place in therapy: It is often the rst drug of choice in
patients who are moderately or severely symptomatic and
who are not controlled with general measures (re-hydration
and furosemide-induced diuresis).
Adverse effect: Nausea, facial ushing, and increased
urinary frequency are the most common adverse effects
of calcitonins. The adverse effects are dose-related,
which can generally be controlled by decreasing the dose,
administering at bedtime, using antiemetics, or possibly
by giving an antiserotonin agent.
Dosage: Hypercalcemia: 4 IU/kg of salmon calcitonin
Q12H IM or SC, increasing every 1-2 day to a MAX of 8
IU/kg Q12H if necessary. Postmenopausal osteoporosis:
100 IU of salmon calcitonin daily or every other day IM or
SC. Pagets disease: 50 to 100 IU of salmon calcitonin
once to 7 times weekly IM or SC. Intractable pain from
bone metastases: 100 IU/day of salmon calcitonin SC.
Stability: Calcitonin is stable at 25
for up to 2 weeks
but manufacturer recommend the product be stored
under 2-8
.
Supply: Inj 50 I.U./1ml/amp (Miacalcic); Nasal spray 200
IU/puff, 14 puffs/bot (Caspray)
68:28 Pituitary
Vasopressin-Pitressin (IPITR)
Indication: Postoperative abdominal distension and in

diabetes insipidus.
Contraindication: Anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to the
components.
Adverse effect: Vasopressin may cause a marked
decrease in cardiac function due to coronary artery
constriction; the drug should be used with caution and
appropriate monitoring in critically ill patients. Other
adverse effects reported include tremor, sweating,
vertigo, water intoxication, hyponatremia, metabolic
acidosis, abdominal cramps, nausea, vomiting, urticaria,
and anaphylaxis.
Administration: 10 units (0.5 ml) will usually elicit full
physiologic response. In adult, pitressin should be given
IM at 3 or 4 hours intervals as needed.
Stability: D5W or NS has been used for the dilution of
vasopressin injection to a concentration of 100 to 1000 U/L.
Supply: Inj 20 units/ml/amp (aqueous solution)
246 - - 247 - -
Desmopressin-Minirin(OMINIR)
Indication: Central (neurogenic) diabetes insipidus, for

urine concentration test. In addition, desmopressin may
be useful in increasing plasma levels of factor VIII activity
in patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrands disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to desmopressin;
children under 3 months of age (IV administration);
patients with Type IIB von Willebrands diseasepatients
Adverse effect: Hypotension, headache, psychosis,
seizures, water retention and hyponatremia, abdominal
cramps, vulval pain, nasal congestion, rhinitis, ushing,
local dermatologic effects following injection, and
Dosage: For diabetes insipidus: intranasal, adult: 10-40 g
a day in 1-3 divided doses, children: 5-30 g/day. For urine
concentration test: intranasal, 40 g. The initial oral
dose is 0.05 mg twice daily titrated to clinical response;
the usual range is 0.1 to 0.8 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 0.1 mg
68:32 Progestins
Medroxyprogesterone-Provera (OPROV)
Indication: Treatment of secondary amenorrhea and

abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal
imbalance in patients without underlying organic
pathology such as brosis or uterine cancer.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, malignancy of breast or
genital organ, Patients with thrombophlebitis,
thromboembolic disorders, cerebral apoplexy,
undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, missed abortion.
Adverse effect: Changes in menstrual ow, spotting,
amenorrhea, changes in cervical erosion and secretions,
edema, weight gain or loss, cholestatic jaundice, breast
tenderness, gastrointestinal disturbances, galactorrhea,
and dermatologic effects.
Dosage: Treatment of secondary amenorrhea and
abnormal uterine bleeding, usual oral dosage is 5-10 mg
daily for 5-10 days. Mammary carcinoma, prostate
carcinoma, or renal carcinoma: 100-1000 mg/day in 2-3
divided doses, may be combined with other antineoplastic
agents.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Norethisterone acetate-Primolut-Nor (OPRIMO)
Indication: Primary or secondary amenorrhea,

dysfunctional uterinebleeding, contraception, endometriosis
Contraindication: Pregnancy, severe liver disease,
Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome.
Adverse effect: Cholestatic liver changes (in high dose).
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Progesterone-Progesterone (IPROG)(
)
Utrogestan(OUTRO)
Indication: Habitual abortion, premature labor, uterine

bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and female hypogonadism.
Contraindication: Severe hepatic and renal disease,
missed and incomplete abortion.
Adverse effect: Skin rash, edema, weight gain, GI
disorders and headache.
Dosage: In habitual abortion: 5-20 mg 3 times/week.
In threatened labor: 25-50 mg/day. In functional uterine
bleeding: 5-10 mg/day. In premature labor: 25-50 mg/day.
In progesterone insufciency: 1 cap in the morning, 2 caps
at night, during 10 days per month, from 17th-26th day of
the cycle. Vary from 1 to 4 caps per day
Supply: Inj 25 mg/1 ml/amp; Cap (micronized) 100 mg
Estradiol, norethisterone - Trisequens (OTRIS)
Indication: Conjugated estrogens and estradiol are

primarily used as estrogen replacement therapy in
postmenopausal and castrate women; the benets of
estrogen replacement therapy include relief of vasomotor
symptoms and atrophic changes, as well as prevention of
osteoporosis.
246 - - 247 - -
Desmopressin-Minirin(OMINIR)
Indication: Central (neurogenic) diabetes insipidus, for

urine concentration test. In addition, desmopressin may
be useful in increasing plasma levels of factor VIII activity
in patients with hemophilia A or von Willebrands disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to desmopressin;
children under 3 months of age (IV administration);
patients with Type IIB von Willebrands diseasepatients
Adverse effect: Hypotension, headache, psychosis,
seizures, water retention and hyponatremia, abdominal
cramps, vulval pain, nasal congestion, rhinitis, ushing,
local dermatologic effects following injection, and
Dosage: For diabetes insipidus: intranasal, adult: 10-40 g
a day in 1-3 divided doses, children: 5-30 g/day. For urine
concentration test: intranasal, 40 g. The initial oral
dose is 0.05 mg twice daily titrated to clinical response;
the usual range is 0.1 to 0.8 mg daily.
Supply: Tab 0.1 mg
68:32 Progestins
Medroxyprogesterone-Provera (OPROV)
Indication: Treatment of secondary amenorrhea and

abnormal uterine bleeding caused by hormonal
imbalance in patients without underlying organic
pathology such as brosis or uterine cancer.
Contraindication: Pregnancy, malignancy of breast or
genital organ, Patients with thrombophlebitis,
thromboembolic disorders, cerebral apoplexy,
undiagnosed vaginal bleeding, missed abortion.
Adverse effect: Changes in menstrual ow, spotting,
amenorrhea, changes in cervical erosion and secretions,
edema, weight gain or loss, cholestatic jaundice, breast
tenderness, gastrointestinal disturbances, galactorrhea,
and dermatologic effects.
Dosage: Treatment of secondary amenorrhea and
abnormal uterine bleeding, usual oral dosage is 5-10 mg
daily for 5-10 days. Mammary carcinoma, prostate
carcinoma, or renal carcinoma: 100-1000 mg/day in 2-3
divided doses, may be combined with other antineoplastic
agents.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Norethisterone acetate-Primolut-Nor (OPRIMO)
Indication: Primary or secondary amenorrhea,

dysfunctional uterinebleeding, contraception, endometriosis
Contraindication: Pregnancy, severe liver disease,
Dubin-Johnson syndrome, Rotor syndrome.
Adverse effect: Cholestatic liver changes (in high dose).
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Progesterone-Progesterone (IPROG)(
)
Utrogestan(OUTRO)
Indication: Habitual abortion, premature labor, uterine

bleeding, dysmenorrhoea and female hypogonadism.
Contraindication: Severe hepatic and renal disease,
missed and incomplete abortion.
Adverse effect: Skin rash, edema, weight gain, GI
disorders and headache.
Dosage: In habitual abortion: 5-20 mg 3 times/week.
In threatened labor: 25-50 mg/day. In functional uterine
bleeding: 5-10 mg/day. In premature labor: 25-50 mg/day.
In progesterone insufciency: 1 cap in the morning, 2 caps
at night, during 10 days per month, from 17th-26th day of
the cycle. Vary from 1 to 4 caps per day
Supply: Inj 25 mg/1 ml/amp; Cap (micronized) 100 mg
Estradiol, norethisterone - Trisequens (OTRIS)
Indication: Conjugated estrogens and estradiol are

primarily used as estrogen replacement therapy in
postmenopausal and castrate women; the benets of
estrogen replacement therapy include relief of vasomotor
symptoms and atrophic changes, as well as prevention of
osteoporosis.
248 - - 249 - -
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to
medroxyprogesterone, conjugated estrogens, estradiol,
norethindrone, norgestimate; known or suspected breast
cancer;
Adverse effect: Back pain, headache, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, breast pain, dysmenorrhea,
and leukorrhea.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO QD
Supply: Havina package 28 tabs/box, each tab
contains--blue tab: estradiol 2 mg, white tab: estradiol 2
mg + norethisterone 1 mg, red tab: estradiol 1 mg
Indivina (OINDI)
Indication: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for

estrogen deciency symptoms & prophylaxis of
osteoporosis in women with an intact uterus.
Contraindication: Pregnancy & lactation. Known,
suspected or past history of breast cancer or
estrogen-dependent tumour, undiagnosed vag bleeding,
conrmed active venous thromboembolism (VTE) within
the last 2 years. History of recurrent VTE or known
thrombophilic disease in patients not on anticoagulant,
acute or chronic liver diseases or a history of liver disease.
Adverse effect: Breast tenderness & enlargement,
uterine bleeding, increase in size of uterine broids,
headache, GI discomfort, weight changes, edema, mood
changes including anxiety & depressive mood, changes
in libido.
Supply: Tab estradiol valerate 1 mg, medroxy-
progesterone acetate 2.5 mg
Progyluton (OPROG)
Indication: Pre-& postmenopausal symptoms, primary &
secondary amenorrhea; menstrual irregularities;
deciency symptoms after oophorectomy or radiological
castration for non-carcinomatous diseases.
Contraindication: Pregnancy; severe liver dysfunction;
jaundice or severe pruritus during a previous pregnancy;
previous or existing thromboembolic processes;
endometriosis; disturbances of lipometabolism, a history
of herpes gestationis, otosclerosis with deterioration
during previous pregnancies, Dubin-Johnson syndrome,
Rotor syndrome, sickle-cell anemia.
Adverse effect: Rarely, breast tension, gastric upsets,
nausea, headache, inuence on body weight & libido,
unscheduled bleeding.
Dosage: 1 tab daily for 21 days beginning on the 5th day
of the cycle, pause for 7 days.
Supply: Tab 11 white estradiol valerate 2 mg, 10 light
brown estradiol valerate 2 mg+ norgestrel 0.5 mg
Gestrinone-Dimetriose(ODIME)
Indication: Endometriosis
Contraindication: Pregnancy, lactation; severe cardiac,
renal or hepatic insufciency; metabolic &/or vasculsr
disorders during previous oestrogen &/or progestogen
therapy.
Adverse effect: Spotting, mild acne, oily skin, uid
retention, weight gain; hirsutism, voice change. Transient
increases in liver transaminases, headache, GI
disturbances, libido changes, hot ushed, breast size
reduction, nervousness & depression, cramp & appetite
changes, arthralgia & isolated cases of benign
intra-cranial hypertension.
Dosage: 2 cap/wk. Initial dose must be taken on day 1 of
the menstrual cycle, 2nd dose on day 4, continue
treatment for 6 months.
Supply: Cap 2.5 mg
68:36 Thyroid and Antithyroid Agents
68:36.04 Thyroid Agents
Levothyroxine sodium (T4)-Eltroxin (OELTR)
Indication: Hypothyroidism.
248 - - 249 - -
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to
medroxyprogesterone, conjugated estrogens, estradiol,
norethindrone, norgestimate; known or suspected breast
cancer;
Adverse effect: Back pain, headache, dizziness, nausea,
vomiting, abdominal pain, breast pain, dysmenorrhea,
and leukorrhea.
Dosage: 1 Tab PO QD
Supply: Havina package 28 tabs/box, each tab
contains--blue tab: estradiol 2 mg, white tab: estradiol 2
mg + norethisterone 1 mg, red tab: estradiol 1 mg
Indivina (OINDI)
Indication: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for

estrogen deciency symptoms & prophylaxis of
osteoporosis in women with an intact uterus.
Contraindication: Pregnancy & lactation. Known,
suspected or past history of breast cancer or
estrogen-dependent tumour, undiagnosed vag bleeding,
conrmed active venous thromboembolism (VTE) within
the last 2 years. History of recurrent VTE or known
thrombophilic disease in patients not on anticoagulant,
acute or chronic liver diseases or a history of liver disease.
Adverse effect: Breast tenderness & enlargement,
uterine bleeding, increase in size of uterine broids,
headache, GI discomfort, weight changes, edema, mood
changes including anxiety & depressive mood, changes
in libido.
Supply: Tab estradiol valerate 1 mg, medroxy-
progesterone acetate 2.5 mg
Progyluton (OPROG)
Indication: Pre-& postmenopausal symptoms, primary &
secondary amenorrhea; menstrual irregularities;
deciency symptoms after oophorectomy or radiological
castration for non-carcinomatous diseases.
Contraindication: Pregnancy; severe liver dysfunction;
jaundice or severe pruritus during a previous pregnancy;
previous or existing thromboembolic processes;
endometriosis; disturbances of lipometabolism, a history
of herpes gestationis, otosclerosis with deterioration
during previous pregnancies, Dubin-Johnson syndrome,
Rotor syndrome, sickle-cell anemia.
Adverse effect: Rarely, breast tension, gastric upsets,
nausea, headache, inuence on body weight & libido,
unscheduled bleeding.
Dosage: 1 tab daily for 21 days beginning on the 5th day
of the cycle, pause for 7 days.
Supply: Tab 11 white estradiol valerate 2 mg, 10 light
brown estradiol valerate 2 mg+ norgestrel 0.5 mg
Gestrinone-Dimetriose(ODIME)
Indication: Endometriosis
Contraindication: Pregnancy, lactation; severe cardiac,
renal or hepatic insufciency; metabolic &/or vasculsr
disorders during previous oestrogen &/or progestogen
therapy.
Adverse effect: Spotting, mild acne, oily skin, uid
retention, weight gain; hirsutism, voice change. Transient
increases in liver transaminases, headache, GI
disturbances, libido changes, hot ushed, breast size
reduction, nervousness & depression, cramp & appetite
changes, arthralgia & isolated cases of benign
intra-cranial hypertension.
Dosage: 2 cap/wk. Initial dose must be taken on day 1 of
the menstrual cycle, 2nd dose on day 4, continue
treatment for 6 months.
Supply: Cap 2.5 mg
68:36 Thyroid and Antithyroid Agents
68:36.04 Thyroid Agents
Levothyroxine sodium (T4)-Eltroxin (OELTR)
Indication: Hypothyroidism.
250 - - 251 - -
Place in therapy: Levothyroxine is the drug of choice for
thyroid replacement and is commonly used for
hypothyroidism, simple non-endemic goiter, chronic
lymphocytic thyroiditis, and thyrotropin-dependent
carcinoma of the thyroid. The drug has also been used to
prevent the goitrogenic effects of agents such as lithium
and aminosalicylic acid.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to thyroid hormone;
the treatment of obesity thyrotoxicosis; uncorrected
adrenal cortical insufciency, angina, hypertension,
myocardial infarction, thyrotoxicosis
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include coronary
vasospasm, cardiac arrest, pseudotumor cerebri,
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pituitary suppression,
porphyria, and osteomalacia.
Dosage: 50-300 mcg/day
Supply: Tab 0.1 mg
68:36.08 Antithyroid Agents
Methimazole-Hontan(OMETH)
Indication: Management of hyperthyroidism.

Adverse effect: GI disturbances, headache, arthralgia,
skin rashes & pruritus, alopecia, bone marrow
depression & mild leucopenia.
Dosage: Adult1-2 tab tid; maintenance 1-2 tab daily;
children 10-15 years2/3 adult dose; 5-10
years1/3-1/2 adult dose.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Propylthiouracil-Procil (OPROCI)
Indication: Hyperthyroidism.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to the drug.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include agranulocytosis,
leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, leukemia,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, galactorrhea,
porphyria, sexual dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, interstitial
pneumonitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
erythematosus, serum sickness, and ototoxicity.
Dosage: Initial 50-100mg TID, maintenance 100-150mg
TID.
Pharmacokinetics: Clinical improvement of
hyperthyroidism begins within 24 to 36 h and remissions
occur in 4 months; the duration of effect from a single
100-mg dose was 2 to 3 h; elimination half-life ranges
from 1.6 to 25 h.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine (IMARC)(
Indication: Peripheral nerve block, inltration,

sympathetic block, caudal or epidural block.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to marcaine.
Adverse effect: During prolonged epidural block,
venous stasis and pressure sores may develop. Foetal
bradycardia has been reported following paracervical
block during labor and may require the administration of
atropine sulfate intravenously.
Administration:
1. Local inltration: 0.25% solution
2. Epidural block: 0.25% 0r 0.5% solution.
3. Caudal block: 0.25% or 0.5% solution
4. Peripheral nerve block: 0.25% or 0.5% solution.
5. Sympathetic block: 0.25% solution.
The maximum dose is 2 mg/kg in any 4 hours period
equivalent to 25-30 ml of 0.5% solution.
Supply: Inj 0.5% 20 ml/vial
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine spinal heavy
(IMARCA) (
Indication: Spinal anesthesia for surgery

Contraindication: Same as marcaine.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, hypotension, myocardial
depression, bradycardia, numbness of the tongue,
250 - - 251 - -
Place in therapy: Levothyroxine is the drug of choice for
thyroid replacement and is commonly used for
hypothyroidism, simple non-endemic goiter, chronic
lymphocytic thyroiditis, and thyrotropin-dependent
carcinoma of the thyroid. The drug has also been used to
prevent the goitrogenic effects of agents such as lithium
and aminosalicylic acid.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to thyroid hormone;
the treatment of obesity thyrotoxicosis; uncorrected
adrenal cortical insufciency, angina, hypertension,
myocardial infarction, thyrotoxicosis
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include coronary
vasospasm, cardiac arrest, pseudotumor cerebri,
hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, pituitary suppression,
porphyria, and osteomalacia.
Dosage: 50-300 mcg/day
Supply: Tab 0.1 mg
68:36.08 Antithyroid Agents
Methimazole-Hontan(OMETH)
Indication: Management of hyperthyroidism.

Adverse effect: GI disturbances, headache, arthralgia,
skin rashes & pruritus, alopecia, bone marrow
depression & mild leucopenia.
Dosage: Adult1-2 tab tid; maintenance 1-2 tab daily;
children 10-15 years2/3 adult dose; 5-10
years1/3-1/2 adult dose.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Propylthiouracil-Procil (OPROCI)
Indication: Hyperthyroidism.
Contraindication: Hypersensitive to the drug.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include agranulocytosis,
leukopenia, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia, leukemia,
disseminated intravascular coagulation, galactorrhea,
porphyria, sexual dysfunction, hepatotoxicity, interstitial
pneumonitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus
erythematosus, serum sickness, and ototoxicity.
Dosage: Initial 50-100mg TID, maintenance 100-150mg
TID.
Pharmacokinetics: Clinical improvement of
hyperthyroidism begins within 24 to 36 h and remissions
occur in 4 months; the duration of effect from a single
100-mg dose was 2 to 3 h; elimination half-life ranges
from 1.6 to 25 h.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine (IMARC)(
Indication: Peripheral nerve block, inltration,

sympathetic block, caudal or epidural block.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to marcaine.
Adverse effect: During prolonged epidural block,
venous stasis and pressure sores may develop. Foetal
bradycardia has been reported following paracervical
block during labor and may require the administration of
atropine sulfate intravenously.
Administration:
1. Local inltration: 0.25% solution
2. Epidural block: 0.25% 0r 0.5% solution.
3. Caudal block: 0.25% or 0.5% solution
4. Peripheral nerve block: 0.25% or 0.5% solution.
5. Sympathetic block: 0.25% solution.
The maximum dose is 2 mg/kg in any 4 hours period
equivalent to 25-30 ml of 0.5% solution.
Supply: Inj 0.5% 20 ml/vial
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine spinal heavy
(IMARCA) (

Contraindication: Same as marcaine.
252 - - 253 - -
lightheadedness, dizziness, tremor.
Dosage: 3-4 ml to be administered according to the
requirements of the procedure.
Supply: Inj bupivacaine HCl 0.5% w/ glucose 8 %, 4 ml/amp
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine spinal (IMARS)(

Contraindication: Same as marcaine
light headedness, dizziness, tremor.
Supply: Inj bupivacaine HCl 0.5% w/ NaCl 0.8%, 4 ml/amp
)
(IORA)(EXY10)(ISYLI)(IXYL4)(
) (EXYLJ)(

cardiac arrhythmia.
may occur.
Supply:
3) 2% with epinephrine (1:73000) 1.8 ml/cartridge.
6) 4% 30 ml/vial
7) Jelly 2%, 30 g
Tetracaine-Tetocaine (ITETO)(
Indication: Intraspinal anaesth of surgery; extradural,

inltrative & conductive anaesth.
Supply: Inj 10 ml
76:00 Oxytocics
Ergonovine (OERGO)
Indication: For treatment of postpartum bleeding.
Contraindication: Peripheral vascular disease, pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, hypertension,
artherosclerosis, cramping, palpitation, dyspnea,
thrombophlebitis; Raynaunds or Ruergers syndrome.
Dosage: 0.2-0.4 mg PO BID-QID for 2 days postpartum,
but longer if necessary.
Supply: Tab 0.2 mg
Methylergonovine (IERGO)(
Indication: Postpartum hemorrhage, associated with

uterine atony or subinvolution
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to methylergonovine
productions; concomitant use with potent CYP3A4
inhibitors; pregnancy; toxemia; uncontrolled hypertension.
sweating symptom, dizziness, headache, tinnitus.
Dosage: 0.2 mg IM/IV (may be repeated at 2 to 4 h
intervals up to 5 doses) then 0.2 mg orally 3 to 4 times
daily as needed.
Oxytocin (IOXYT)(
Indication: Induction of labor, uterine inertia, and

postpartum bleeding.
Contraindication: Toxemia abruption placenta,
undilated cervix over distended uterus, abnormal
presentation, and cardiovascular or renal disease.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia,
252 - - 253 - -
lightheadedness, dizziness, tremor.
Dosage: 3-4 ml to be administered according to the
requirements of the procedure.
Supply: Inj bupivacaine HCl 0.5% w/ glucose 8 %, 4 ml/amp
Bupivacaine HCl Marcaine spinal (IMARS)(

Contraindication: Same as marcaine
light headedness, dizziness, tremor.
Supply: Inj bupivacaine HCl 0.5% w/ NaCl 0.8%, 4 ml/amp
)
(IORA)(EXY10)(ISYLI)(IXYL4)(
) (EXYLJ)(

cardiac arrhythmia.
may occur.
Supply:
3) 2% with epinephrine (1:73000) 1.8 ml/cartridge.
6) 4% 30 ml/vial
7) Jelly 2%, 30 g
Tetracaine-Tetocaine (ITETO)(
Indication: Intraspinal anaesth of surgery; extradural,

inltrative & conductive anaesth.
Supply: Inj 10 ml
76:00 Oxytocics
Ergonovine (OERGO)
Indication: For treatment of postpartum bleeding.
Contraindication: Peripheral vascular disease, pregnancy.
artherosclerosis, cramping, palpitation, dyspnea,
thrombophlebitis; Raynaunds or Ruergers syndrome.
Dosage: 0.2-0.4 mg PO BID-QID for 2 days postpartum,
but longer if necessary.
Supply: Tab 0.2 mg
Methylergonovine (IERGO)(
Indication: Postpartum hemorrhage, associated with

uterine atony or subinvolution
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to methylergonovine
productions; concomitant use with potent CYP3A4
inhibitors; pregnancy; toxemia; uncontrolled hypertension.
sweating symptom, dizziness, headache, tinnitus.
Dosage: 0.2 mg IM/IV (may be repeated at 2 to 4 h
intervals up to 5 doses) then 0.2 mg orally 3 to 4 times
daily as needed.
Oxytocin (IOXYT)(
Indication: Induction of labor, uterine inertia, and

postpartum bleeding.
Contraindication: Toxemia abruption placenta,
undilated cervix over distended uterus, abnormal
presentation, and cardiovascular or renal disease.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, cardiac arrhythmia,
254 - - 255 - -
fetal bradycardia, postpartum hemorrhage,
abrinogenemia, pelvic hematoma, water intoxication.
Dosage: Dosage is determined by uterine response:
1.Induction of labor: IV infusion: 10 units diluted with
1000ml isotonic saline or dextrose and staring at 0.01
units per minute. The dosage can be doubled every
30-45 minutes. IM: initial dose 0.1 unit increasing to 0.2,
0.4, 0.8 unit etc every 30 minutes intervals.
2.Control postpartum bleeding: 20-40 units diluted with
1000ml isotonic saline or dextrose IV infusion.
Stability: Oxytocin 5 unit/L with either D5W or NS is
Supply: Inj 10 unit/ml/amp
Mifepristone- Apano(OAPAN)(
Indication: Mifepristone is a progesterone receptor

antagonist, which may be used to induce abortions
during early pregnancy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; conrmed or
suspected ectopic pregnancy or undiagnosed adnexal
mass; IUD in place; chronic adrenal failure; concurrent
long-term corticosteroid therapy; hemorrhagic disorders
or concurrent anticoagulant therapy; inherited porphyrias
Adverse effect: Excessive uterine bleeding and failed
abortions are the major problems seen with mifepristone.
Dosage: For inducing abortions: Single doses of 600 mg
and check with physician after 36-48 h or multi-doses of
25 to 100 mg/day for 5-7 days; Cushings syndrome: up
to 20 mg/kg/day
Pharmacokinetics: The elimination half-life of 20 to 54
hours.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
80:00 Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines
80:04 Serums
Antivenin- Hemorrhagic (IANTH)(
)
Indication: Treatment of crotalus snake- bite
Contraindication: Patients with a history of allergy or
sensitivity to equine serum.
Adverse effect: Anaphylactic shock, urticaria, edema of
face & throat, cyanosis, collapse.
Dosage: 1 dose; a small portion SC around the wound,
all the left IV at rate < 1 ml/min, repeated every 0.5-2 hrs
as needed
Supply: Inj 10 ml single dose package
Note
1.Each 10ml contains-Antivenin Tr. Mucrosquamatus &
Tr. Gramineus: 1000 or more Tannaka units
2.Should be used within 2hrs after reconstitution
Antivenin Neurotropic (IANTN)(
)
all the left IV at rate < 1ml/min, repeated every 0.5-2 hrs
as needed
Supply: Inj 10ml single dose package
Note
1.Each 10 ml contains-Antivenin of B. multicintus & N.
naja atra: 1000 or more Tannaka units
2. Should be used within 2hrs after reconstitution
Human Immunoglobulin (IIVIG) (
Indication: Primary humoral immunodeciency,

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, BMT,
Contraindication: Anaphylactic or severe systemic
response to human Ig. Selective IgA deciencies who
have known antibody vs IgA.
Adverse effect: Local reactions, eg pain & tenderness at
inj site, allergic reactions, malaise, fever, chills, headache,
254 - - 255 - -
fetal bradycardia, postpartum hemorrhage,
abrinogenemia, pelvic hematoma, water intoxication.
Dosage: Dosage is determined by uterine response:
1.Induction of labor: IV infusion: 10 units diluted with
1000ml isotonic saline or dextrose and staring at 0.01
units per minute. The dosage can be doubled every
30-45 minutes. IM: initial dose 0.1 unit increasing to 0.2,
0.4, 0.8 unit etc every 30 minutes intervals.
2.Control postpartum bleeding: 20-40 units diluted with
1000ml isotonic saline or dextrose IV infusion.
Stability: Oxytocin 5 unit/L with either D5W or NS is
Supply: Inj 10 unit/ml/amp
Mifepristone- Apano(OAPAN)(
Indication: Mifepristone is a progesterone receptor

antagonist, which may be used to induce abortions
during early pregnancy.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity; conrmed or
suspected ectopic pregnancy or undiagnosed adnexal
mass; IUD in place; chronic adrenal failure; concurrent
long-term corticosteroid therapy; hemorrhagic disorders
or concurrent anticoagulant therapy; inherited porphyrias
Adverse effect: Excessive uterine bleeding and failed
abortions are the major problems seen with mifepristone.
Dosage: For inducing abortions: Single doses of 600 mg
and check with physician after 36-48 h or multi-doses of
25 to 100 mg/day for 5-7 days; Cushings syndrome: up
to 20 mg/kg/day
Pharmacokinetics: The elimination half-life of 20 to 54
hours.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
80:00 Serums, Toxoids, and Vaccines
80:04 Serums
Antivenin- Hemorrhagic (IANTH)(
)
all the left IV at rate < 1 ml/min, repeated every 0.5-2 hrs
as needed
Supply: Inj 10 ml single dose package
Note
1.Each 10ml contains-Antivenin Tr. Mucrosquamatus &
Tr. Gramineus: 1000 or more Tannaka units
2.Should be used within 2hrs after reconstitution
Antivenin Neurotropic (IANTN)(
)
all the left IV at rate < 1ml/min, repeated every 0.5-2 hrs
as needed
Supply: Inj 10ml single dose package
Note
1.Each 10 ml contains-Antivenin of B. multicintus & N.
naja atra: 1000 or more Tannaka units
2. Should be used within 2hrs after reconstitution
Human Immunoglobulin (IIVIG) (
Indication: Primary humoral immunodeciency,

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, BMT,
response to human Ig. Selective IgA deciencies who
have known antibody vs IgA.
Adverse effect: Local reactions, eg pain & tenderness at
inj site, allergic reactions, malaise, fever, chills, headache,
256 - - 257 - -
nausea & vomiting, chest tightness, dyspnea, chest/back
pain.
Dosage: 2-4 ml/kg once a month, IV infusion rate
0.01-0.02 ml/kg/min for 30 mins, if well-tolerated may be
gradually increased to a max 0.08 ml/kg/min
Biseko (IBISE)(
)
Indication: Hypoproteinemia; hypo gammaglobulinemia;
hypoalbuminemia. Prophylaxis against infections
diseases in patients with antibody deciency syndrome.
Dystrophies. Diseases related to burns. Hemodilution.
Shock. Vol therapy.
Adverse effect: Rise in temp; backache, skin reactions
or general intolerance phenomena, in rare cases leading
to shock.
Dosage: By IV inj or infusion. At the beginning of the
infusion, infuse at 1 ml/min. After infusion of 10 mins, rate
may be increased to 3-4 ml/min. Adultup to 2 L IV daily;
children15-20 ml/kg body weight/day.
Supply: Inj 5% human serum protein 50 ml/bot.
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (IHEBS)(
)
Indication: Prophylaxis of hepatitis B infection.
reactions to parenteral human globulins
Adverse effect: Backache, nausea, ush, urticaria,
tachycardia, hypotension, dyspnoea, shock, cardiac or
respiratory arrest.
Dosage: IM, 0.06 ml/kg administer within 7 days after
exposure and repeat 28-30 days later. Hepatect CP is
used for IV infusion: initial, 0.1 ml/kg/hr for 10 min, if well
tolerated; then gradually increase rate to MAX 1ml/ kg/hr.
Stability: Should be stored at 2-8
Rho (D) immune globulin (IRHOD)(
Indication: Sensitization of Rho(D)(-) females to

Rho(D)(+) blood (prophylaxis); Rh hemolytic disease of
the newborn (prophylaxis)
Precautions: Selective IgA deciencies in patients who
have known antibody to IgA.
Adverse effect: Fever, soreness at the place of inj.
Dosage: Postpartum prophylaxis300 mcg, preferably
within 72 hrs of delivery; antepartum prophylaxis300 mcg
at 26-28 wks gestation and 300 mcg within 72 hrs after
Rh-incompatible delivery to prevent
Rhisoimmunization during pregnancy; following
amniocentesis, miscarriage, abortion or ectopic
pregnancy at or beyond 13wks gestation300 mcg;
transusion accidentsthe number of vials to be
asministered depends on the volume of packed red cells
or whole blood transfused.
80:08 Toxoids
Tetanus Toxoid (ITT1)(
Indication: Active immunization against tetanus.

Contraindication: Postpone vaccination in acute febrile
illness.
Adverse effect: Swelling, redness & pain at inj site.
Rarely, rash, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, faintness,
nausea, headache, lethargy, malaise, myalgia, pyrexia,
serum sickness, peripheral neuropathy. Persistent nodules
at the site of inj may occur.
Dosage: Primary immunization schedule: 2 doses of 0.5 ml
at intervals of 4-8 weeks deep SC/IM. A booster dose
may be given 6-12 months after the primary
immunization or following a tetanus-prone wound.
Supply: Inj 1ml/vial
80:12 Vaccines
Hepatitis B Vaccine- Engerix-B(IENGEB)
Indication: Prevention of hepatitis B in healthy

individuals exposed to the risk of contamination.
256 - - 257 - -
nausea & vomiting, chest tightness, dyspnea, chest/back
pain.
Dosage: 2-4 ml/kg once a month, IV infusion rate
0.01-0.02 ml/kg/min for 30 mins, if well-tolerated may be
gradually increased to a max 0.08 ml/kg/min
Biseko (IBISE)(
)
Indication: Hypoproteinemia; hypo gammaglobulinemia;
hypoalbuminemia. Prophylaxis against infections
diseases in patients with antibody deciency syndrome.
Dystrophies. Diseases related to burns. Hemodilution.
Shock. Vol therapy.
Adverse effect: Rise in temp; backache, skin reactions
or general intolerance phenomena, in rare cases leading
to shock.
Dosage: By IV inj or infusion. At the beginning of the
infusion, infuse at 1 ml/min. After infusion of 10 mins, rate
may be increased to 3-4 ml/min. Adultup to 2 L IV daily;
children15-20 ml/kg body weight/day.
Supply: Inj 5% human serum protein 50 ml/bot.
Hepatitis B Immunoglobulin (IHEBS)(
)
Indication: Prophylaxis of hepatitis B infection.
reactions to parenteral human globulins
Adverse effect: Backache, nausea, ush, urticaria,
tachycardia, hypotension, dyspnoea, shock, cardiac or
respiratory arrest.
Dosage: IM, 0.06 ml/kg administer within 7 days after
exposure and repeat 28-30 days later. Hepatect CP is
used for IV infusion: initial, 0.1 ml/kg/hr for 10 min, if well
tolerated; then gradually increase rate to MAX 1ml/ kg/hr.
Stability: Should be stored at 2-8
Rho (D) immune globulin (IRHOD)(
Indication: Sensitization of Rho(D)(-) females to

Rho(D)(+) blood (prophylaxis); Rh hemolytic disease of
the newborn (prophylaxis)
Precautions: Selective IgA deciencies in patients who
have known antibody to IgA.
Adverse effect: Fever, soreness at the place of inj.
Dosage: Postpartum prophylaxis300 mcg, preferably
within 72 hrs of delivery; antepartum prophylaxis300 mcg
at 26-28 wks gestation and 300 mcg within 72 hrs after
Rh-incompatible delivery to prevent
Rhisoimmunization during pregnancy; following
amniocentesis, miscarriage, abortion or ectopic
pregnancy at or beyond 13wks gestation300 mcg;
transusion accidentsthe number of vials to be
asministered depends on the volume of packed red cells
or whole blood transfused.
80:08 Toxoids
Tetanus Toxoid (ITT1)(
Indication: Active immunization against tetanus.

Contraindication: Postpone vaccination in acute febrile
illness.
Adverse effect: Swelling, redness & pain at inj site.
Rarely, rash, arthralgia, lymphadenopathy, faintness,
nausea, headache, lethargy, malaise, myalgia, pyrexia,
serum sickness, peripheral neuropathy. Persistent nodules
at the site of inj may occur.
Dosage: Primary immunization schedule: 2 doses of 0.5 ml
at intervals of 4-8 weeks deep SC/IM. A booster dose
may be given 6-12 months after the primary
immunization or following a tetanus-prone wound.
Supply: Inj 1ml/vial
80:12 Vaccines
Hepatitis B Vaccine- Engerix-B(IENGEB)
Indication: Prevention of hepatitis B in healthy

individuals exposed to the risk of contamination.
258 - - 259 - -
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to hepatitis B vaccine,
yeast, or any component of the product.
Dosage: Adults: IM, regimen consists of 3 doses (at 0, 1,
and 6 month). Booster dose: one year after the rst injection,
then every ve years.
Supply: Inj 20 mcg/ml/vial.
Pneumococcal vaccine-Pneumovax (IPNEU)(
Indication: Pneumococcal vaccines are indicated for the

prevention of serious pneumococcal infections in patients
at high risk for pneumococcal disease such as patients
with splenectomy, sickle-cell anemia, nephrotic
syndrome, and chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular
or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients
50 years of age or older.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any component of
the vaccine.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include
thrombocytopenia, hyperpyrexia, hypersensitivity, and
injection-site reactions, such as soreness, induration,
erythema, and tenderness.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5 ml IM or SC for adults and children
age 2 and older; a single dose is effective. Do not
administer intravenously or intradermally. Children: 0.5
ml of the polyvalent vaccine SC or IM for pneumococcal
prophylaxis; pneumococcal vaccine may be administered
at the same time as inuenza vaccine (by separate
injection in the other arm)
Pharmacokinetics: The onset of antibody titers occurs
within 2 to 3 weeks, with duration of 5 to 8 years
Stability: Vials left at room temperature inadvertently can
be refrigerated again without loss of potency if the period
of time at room temperature does not exceed 72 hours. A
one-time exposure to freezing temperatures does not
alter the antigenicity of the vaccine.
Supply: Inj 0.5 ml/vial
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugated Vaccine-
Prevenar (IPREV)
Indication: Active immunization against invasive disease

(including sepsis, meningitis, bacteraemic pneumonia,
bacteraemia) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F in infants and
young children from 2 months to 2 years of age, or
previously unvaccinated children aged 2 to 5 years (for
high-risk subjects).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the active
substances, any component of the product, or diphtheria
toxoid.
Adverse effects: Injection site reactions (e.g. erythema,
induration/swelling, pain/tenderness); fever
38 C,
irritability, drowsiness, restless sleep; decreased appetite,
vomiting, diarrhea.
Dosage: The vaccine should be given by intra-muscular
injection. Infants aged 2 - 6 months: three single doses of
0.5 ml at interval of 1 month, starting at 2 months of age
and with a fourth dose given in 12-15 months of age.
Previously unvaccinated older infants and children:
Infants aged 7 - 11 months: two doses, each of 0.5 ml,
with an interval of at least 1 month between doses. A
third dose is recommended in 12-15 months of age.
Children aged 12 - 23 months: two doses, each of 0.5 ml,
with an interval of at least 2 months between doses.
Children aged 24 months- 5 years: one single dose.
Warning: This vaccine should not be given to infants or
children with thrombocytopenia or any coagulation
disorder that would contraindicate intra-muscular
injection unless the potential benet clearly outweighs
the risk of administration. When Prevnar is
co-administered with hexavalent vaccines DTaP/Hib
(PRP-T)/IPV/HepB), the rate of febrile reactions was
higher compared to that occurring following the
administration of hexavalent vaccines alone. These
reactions were mostly moderate ( 39 C) and transient.
Storage: Store at 2 8
and Do not freeze.

258 - - 259 - -
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to hepatitis B vaccine,
yeast, or any component of the product.
Dosage: Adults: IM, regimen consists of 3 doses (at 0, 1,
and 6 month). Booster dose: one year after the rst injection,
then every ve years.
Supply: Inj 20 mcg/ml/vial.
Pneumococcal vaccine-Pneumovax (IPNEU)(
Indication: Pneumococcal vaccines are indicated for the

prevention of serious pneumococcal infections in patients
at high risk for pneumococcal disease such as patients
with splenectomy, sickle-cell anemia, nephrotic
syndrome, and chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular
or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and patients
50 years of age or older.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any component of
the vaccine.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include
thrombocytopenia, hyperpyrexia, hypersensitivity, and
injection-site reactions, such as soreness, induration,
erythema, and tenderness.
Dosage: Adults: 0.5 ml IM or SC for adults and children
age 2 and older; a single dose is effective. Do not
administer intravenously or intradermally. Children: 0.5
ml of the polyvalent vaccine SC or IM for pneumococcal
prophylaxis; pneumococcal vaccine may be administered
at the same time as inuenza vaccine (by separate
injection in the other arm)
Pharmacokinetics: The onset of antibody titers occurs
within 2 to 3 weeks, with duration of 5 to 8 years
Stability: Vials left at room temperature inadvertently can
be refrigerated again without loss of potency if the period
of time at room temperature does not exceed 72 hours. A
one-time exposure to freezing temperatures does not
alter the antigenicity of the vaccine.
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugated Vaccine-
Prevenar (IPREV)
Indication: Active immunization against invasive disease

(including sepsis, meningitis, bacteraemic pneumonia,
bacteraemia) caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae
serotypes 4, 6B, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F and 23F in infants and
young children from 2 months to 2 years of age, or
previously unvaccinated children aged 2 to 5 years (for
high-risk subjects).
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to the active
substances, any component of the product, or diphtheria
toxoid.
Adverse effects: Injection site reactions (e.g. erythema,
induration/swelling, pain/tenderness); fever
38 C,
irritability, drowsiness, restless sleep; decreased appetite,
vomiting, diarrhea.
Dosage: The vaccine should be given by intra-muscular
injection. Infants aged 2 - 6 months: three single doses of
0.5 ml at interval of 1 month, starting at 2 months of age
and with a fourth dose given in 12-15 months of age.
Previously unvaccinated older infants and children:
Infants aged 7 - 11 months: two doses, each of 0.5 ml,
with an interval of at least 1 month between doses. A
third dose is recommended in 12-15 months of age.
Children aged 12 - 23 months: two doses, each of 0.5 ml,
with an interval of at least 2 months between doses.
Children aged 24 months- 5 years: one single dose.
Warning: This vaccine should not be given to infants or
children with thrombocytopenia or any coagulation
disorder that would contraindicate intra-muscular
injection unless the potential benet clearly outweighs
the risk of administration. When Prevnar is
co-administered with hexavalent vaccines DTaP/Hib
(PRP-T)/IPV/HepB), the rate of febrile reactions was
higher compared to that occurring following the
administration of hexavalent vaccines alone. These
reactions were mostly moderate ( 39 C) and transient.
Storage: Store at 2 8
and Do not freeze.

260 - - 261 - -
Supply: Inj 0.5 ml/syringe
Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (type 6, 11, 16, 18)
recombinanrt vaccine -Gardasil(IHPV) (
Indication: Prevention of cervical cancer, genital warts &

precancerous or dysplastic lesions eg, cervical
adenocarcinoma in situ, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
(CIN) grandes 2 & 3, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
grades 2 & 3 (VaIN), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
grade 1 in girls & women 9-26 yr.
Adverse effect: Injection site reactions, fever, nausea,
dizziness.
Dosage: 0.5 ml IM in the deltoid region of the upper arm
or in the higher anterolateral area of the thigh, according
to the following schedule: 1st doseat elected date; 2nd
dose2month after the 1st dose; 3rd dose6 month
after the 1st dose.
Inuenza vaccine-Fluvirin(IINV
)(
)
Indication: Prophylaxis of inuenza
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to eggs, chicken
proteins, aminoglycosides. Postpone immunization in
patients with febrile illness or acute infection.
Adverse effect: Redness, swelling, pain, ecchymosis or
induration at inj site; fever, malaise, shivering, fatigue,
headache, sweating, myalgia, and arthralgia.
Dosage: IM or deep SC inj. Adult & children >36
months0.5 ml; children 6-35 months0.25-0.5 ml.
Administer a 2nd dose after at least 4 weeks in children
who have not been previously vaccinated.
Pediacel (DtaP-IPV-Hib)(IPEDI)(
Indication: Active immunization of children from 2

months of age to 7 years agonist diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis, poliomyelitis & invasive Haemophilus
inuenzae type b disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to neomycin,
streptomycin or polymyxin B. postpone vaccination in
acute febrile illness. Children >7 yr, adults.
Adverse effect: Redness, tenderness & swelling at inj
site; fever, crying, drowsiness; decreased feeding,
vomiting, irritability.
Dosage: Primary immunization schedule: one 0.5 ml
dose IM at 2, 4, 6 & 18 months of age.
BCG live-ImmuCyst (EBCG)(
Indication: BCG is an attenuated strain of Bacillus

Calmette-Guerin used as a biological response modier.
The primary application of BCG live is the treatment of
carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder and should not be
used for tuberculosis immunization.
Place in therapy: BCG live (intravesical) demonstrates a
complete remission rate of better than 70% in patients
with bladder carcinoma. BCG Vaccine has been used in
the treatment of a variety of cancers such as malignant
melanoma, malignant lymphoma, metastatic breast cancer,
ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer,
Hodgkins disease, lung cancer, leukemia, and prostate
cancer.
Contraindication: BCG is contraindicated in following
conditons: 1.Active tuberculosis 2.Burn patients 3.Recent
smallpox vaccinations. 4.Acquired immunodeciency
syndrome. 5. Impaired immunologic responses.
6.Suppressed immunologic responses by drugs. 7.Fever.
8.Urinary tract infections.
Adverse effect: thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, polyneuritis,
fever, malaise, vomiting, osteomyelitis, dermatologic effects,
and anaphylaxis.
Dosage: 1 vial in 53 ml NS for bladder instillation every
week for 6 times in patients with bladder carcinoma.
Stability: The reconstitution solution is stable at 2-8

for 8 hrs.
260 - - 261 - -
Quadrivalent human papillomavirus (type 6, 11, 16, 18)
recombinanrt vaccine -Gardasil(IHPV) (
Indication: Prevention of cervical cancer, genital warts &

precancerous or dysplastic lesions eg, cervical
adenocarcinoma in situ, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
(CIN) grandes 2 & 3, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)
grades 2 & 3 (VaIN), cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
grade 1 in girls & women 9-26 yr.
Adverse effect: Injection site reactions, fever, nausea,
dizziness.
Dosage: 0.5 ml IM in the deltoid region of the upper arm
or in the higher anterolateral area of the thigh, according
to the following schedule: 1st doseat elected date; 2nd
dose2month after the 1st dose; 3rd dose6 month
after the 1st dose.
Inuenza vaccine-Fluvirin(IINV
)(
)
Indication: Prophylaxis of inuenza
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to eggs, chicken
proteins, aminoglycosides. Postpone immunization in
patients with febrile illness or acute infection.
Adverse effect: Redness, swelling, pain, ecchymosis or
induration at inj site; fever, malaise, shivering, fatigue,
headache, sweating, myalgia, and arthralgia.
Dosage: IM or deep SC inj. Adult & children >36
months0.5 ml; children 6-35 months0.25-0.5 ml.
Administer a 2nd dose after at least 4 weeks in children
who have not been previously vaccinated.
Pediacel (DtaP-IPV-Hib)(IPEDI)(
Indication: Active immunization of children from 2

months of age to 7 years agonist diphtheria, tetanus,
pertussis, poliomyelitis & invasive Haemophilus
inuenzae type b disease.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to neomycin,
streptomycin or polymyxin B. postpone vaccination in
acute febrile illness. Children >7 yr, adults.
Adverse effect: Redness, tenderness & swelling at inj
site; fever, crying, drowsiness; decreased feeding,
vomiting, irritability.
Dosage: Primary immunization schedule: one 0.5 ml
dose IM at 2, 4, 6 & 18 months of age.
BCG live-ImmuCyst (EBCG)(
Indication: BCG is an attenuated strain of Bacillus

Calmette-Guerin used as a biological response modier.
The primary application of BCG live is the treatment of
carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder and should not be
used for tuberculosis immunization.
Place in therapy: BCG live (intravesical) demonstrates a
complete remission rate of better than 70% in patients
with bladder carcinoma. BCG Vaccine has been used in
the treatment of a variety of cancers such as malignant
melanoma, malignant lymphoma, metastatic breast cancer,
ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, gastric cancer,
Hodgkins disease, lung cancer, leukemia, and prostate
cancer.
Contraindication: BCG is contraindicated in following
conditons: 1.Active tuberculosis 2.Burn patients 3.Recent
smallpox vaccinations. 4.Acquired immunodeciency
syndrome. 5. Impaired immunologic responses.
6.Suppressed immunologic responses by drugs. 7.Fever.
8.Urinary tract infections.
Adverse effect: thrombocytopenia, eosinophilia, polyneuritis,
fever, malaise, vomiting, osteomyelitis, dermatologic effects,
and anaphylaxis.
Dosage: 1 vial in 53 ml NS for bladder instillation every
week for 6 times in patients with bladder carcinoma.
Stability: The reconstitution solution is stable at 2-8

for 8 hrs.
262 - - 263 - -
Supply: Vaccine 81 mg/10.5 + 8.7 x 10
8
CFU/Vial with 3
ml diluent
84:00 Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents
Clindamycin phosphate Solution -Cleocin Topical
Solution(ECLEO)
Indication: It is indicated in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to clindamycin and
lincomycin
Adverse effect: Skin dryness, is a common side effect.
Other side effects include abdominal pain, contact dermatitis,
irritation, gram-negative bacterial foliculitis, and GI
disturbance. Diarrhea and pseudomembrane colitis have
been reported in case of topical application.
Dosage: Topical application BID
Supply: Soln 10 mg/ml, 30 ml/bot
Neomycin sulfate (ENEOM)
Indication: Local treatment or prevention of susceptible

infections of the skin, including pyogenic or secondary
infected stasis dermatoses, wound, impetigo, burns,
ulcers, blepharitis and stye.
Contraindication: Do not use in eyes or external ear
canal, if the ear dram is perforated.
Supply: Oint 0.5% 28 g/tube
Neomycin sulfate/bacitracin zinc Bacitracin (EBACI)
Indication: infections caused by neomycin &/or

bacitracin-susceptible organisms.
Precautions: pregnancy & lactation. Children.
Adverse effect: allergic reactions like reddening &
dryness of skin, skin rashes & pruritus.
Dosage: apply bid-qid.
Supply: Oint each g contain: neomycin sulfate 5 mg,
bacitracin zinc 12.5 mg; 30 g/tube.
Na fusidate-Conlifu(ECONL)
Indication: Skin infections caused by Staph, Strep &

other Fucidin-sensitive organisms.
Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity
Dosage: Apply bid-tid.
Supply: Oint 2% 5 g/tube.
84:04.06 Antivirals
Acyclovir-Zovirax (EZOV2)
Indication: Herpes simplex virus infection of the skin

including initial & recurrent genital herpes & herpes labialis.
Precautions: Application to mucous membranes.
Adverse effect: Transient burning or stinging. Mild
during & aking. erythema & itching.
Dosage: apply 5 times daily at approximately 4 hr
interval for 5 days. Omit night-time dose.
Supply: Cream 5% 2 g/tube.
84:04.08 Antifungals
Econazole-Econol (EECON) Gyno-pevaryl (EGYNO)
Indication: Dermatomycoses caused by dermatophytes,

yeasts, moulds; vulvovag mycoses, vulvo-vaginal mycoses,
mycotic balanitis.
Adverse effect: Infrequently, local irritation; burning
sensation.
Dosage: Creame-apply morning & evening, local
irritation; ovule-1 ovule nigtly for 3 days
Supply: Creame 1% 5 g; Ovule 150 mg
Ciclopiroxolamine-Brumixol(EBRUM)
Indication: Fungal infections of the skin

Precautions: Infants, children<6 years; pregnancy.
262 - - 263 - -
Supply: Vaccine 81 mg/10.5 + 8.7 x 10
8
CFU/Vial with 3
ml diluent
84:00 Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents
Clindamycin phosphate Solution -Cleocin Topical
Solution(ECLEO)
Indication: It is indicated in the treatment of acne vulgaris.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to clindamycin and
lincomycin
Adverse effect: Skin dryness, is a common side effect.
Other side effects include abdominal pain, contact dermatitis,
irritation, gram-negative bacterial foliculitis, and GI
disturbance. Diarrhea and pseudomembrane colitis have
been reported in case of topical application.
Dosage: Topical application BID
Supply: Soln 10 mg/ml, 30 ml/bot
Neomycin sulfate (ENEOM)
Indication: Local treatment or prevention of susceptible

infections of the skin, including pyogenic or secondary
infected stasis dermatoses, wound, impetigo, burns,
ulcers, blepharitis and stye.
Contraindication: Do not use in eyes or external ear
canal, if the ear dram is perforated.
Neomycin sulfate/bacitracin zinc Bacitracin (EBACI)
Indication: infections caused by neomycin &/or

bacitracin-susceptible organisms.
Precautions: pregnancy & lactation. Children.
Adverse effect: allergic reactions like reddening &
dryness of skin, skin rashes & pruritus.
Dosage: apply bid-qid.
Supply: Oint each g contain: neomycin sulfate 5 mg,
bacitracin zinc 12.5 mg; 30 g/tube.
Na fusidate-Conlifu(ECONL)
Indication: Skin infections caused by Staph, Strep &

other Fucidin-sensitive organisms.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity
Supply: Oint 2% 5 g/tube.
84:04.06 Antivirals
Acyclovir-Zovirax (EZOV2)
Indication: Herpes simplex virus infection of the skin

including initial & recurrent genital herpes & herpes labialis.
Precautions: Application to mucous membranes.
Adverse effect: Transient burning or stinging. Mild
during & aking. erythema & itching.
Dosage: apply 5 times daily at approximately 4 hr
interval for 5 days. Omit night-time dose.
Supply: Cream 5% 2 g/tube.
84:04.08 Antifungals
Econazole-Econol (EECON) Gyno-pevaryl (EGYNO)
Indication: Dermatomycoses caused by dermatophytes,

yeasts, moulds; vulvovag mycoses, vulvo-vaginal mycoses,
mycotic balanitis.
Adverse effect: Infrequently, local irritation; burning
sensation.
Dosage: Creame-apply morning & evening, local
irritation; ovule-1 ovule nigtly for 3 days
Supply: Creame 1% 5 g; Ovule 150 mg
Ciclopiroxolamine-Brumixol(EBRUM)
Indication: Fungal infections of the skin

Precautions: Infants, children<6 years; pregnancy.
264 - - 265 - -
Avoid contact with eyes.
Adverse effect: Pruritus, burning sensation.
Dosage: Apply bid. Continue treatment for about 1-2
weeks after disappearance of signs of infection to
prevent recurrence.
Supply: Cream 10 mg/g, 10 g/tube.
Naftine-Jia Mei(EJIAM)
Indication: Mycotic infections of skin & skin folds;

onychomycosis; candida infections of the skin; pityriasis
versicolor; dermatomycosis (with or without pruritus)
Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes. Not to be applied
to open wounds.
Adverse effect: Burning, stinging, dryness, redness.
Dosage: 1% applied topically once or bid. Continue for at
least 2 weeks after clinical healing.
Supply: Cream 1% 10 g/tube
Sulconazole Nitrate Solution-Exelderm (EEXEL)
Indication: Cutaneous fungal or yeast infections.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, avoid contact with
eyes.
Adverse effect: Mild and transient burning, irritation,
itching, redness, allergies to sulconazole or its vehicle
have been reported.
Dosage: Topical 1 or 2 applications a day to affected area
for 3-4 weeks.
Supply: Soln 1% 10 ml
Undecylenic Acid Compound Ointment- Undacid(EUUO)
Indication: Fungistatic agents for athletes foot tinea
coporis, ringworm, tinea capitis, tinea cruris and tinea
barbae.
Contraindication: Do not use if skin is pustular or severely
broken.
Supply: Oint 10z/tube, each gm contains: undecylenic
acid 50mg, Zinc undecylenate 200mg
Metronidazole-Sutrol Gel-Vaginal(ESUTR)
Metrozole(EMETR)(
Indication: Treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole
Adverse effect: Transient redness, mild dryness,
burning & skin irritation. Watery (tearing) eyes if applied
too near the eyes.
Dosage: Gel-apply bid; vag tab-1 tab once daily for
10-20 days.
Supply: Gel-vaginal each gm contains metronidazole 7.5
mg, 25 gm/tube; Vag tab 250 mg.

neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces
dermatiditis.
84:04.12 Scabicides and Pediculicides
Benzyl benzoate-Jaline Lotion(EJALI)
Indication: Treatment of scabies, head lice.
Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes & mucous
membranes; do not use on bronken or secondarily
infected skin.
Adverse effect: Skin irritation, burning sensation.
Dosage: Scabiesapply over the whole body; repeat
without bathing on the following day & wash off 24 hr later.
A repeat application may be required in some cases.
Head liceapply 10 ml to the affected area & repeat as
often as necessary.
Supply: Lotion 25% 150 ml/bot
264 - - 265 - -
Avoid contact with eyes.
Adverse effect: Pruritus, burning sensation.
Dosage: Apply bid. Continue treatment for about 1-2
weeks after disappearance of signs of infection to
prevent recurrence.
Naftine-Jia Mei(EJIAM)
Indication: Mycotic infections of skin & skin folds;

onychomycosis; candida infections of the skin; pityriasis
versicolor; dermatomycosis (with or without pruritus)
Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes. Not to be applied
to open wounds.
Adverse effect: Burning, stinging, dryness, redness.
Dosage: 1% applied topically once or bid. Continue for at
least 2 weeks after clinical healing.
Sulconazole Nitrate Solution-Exelderm (EEXEL)
Indication: Cutaneous fungal or yeast infections.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, avoid contact with
eyes.
Adverse effect: Mild and transient burning, irritation,
itching, redness, allergies to sulconazole or its vehicle
have been reported.
Dosage: Topical 1 or 2 applications a day to affected area
for 3-4 weeks.
Supply: Soln 1% 10 ml
Undecylenic Acid Compound Ointment- Undacid(EUUO)
Indication: Fungistatic agents for athletes foot tinea
coporis, ringworm, tinea capitis, tinea cruris and tinea
barbae.
Contraindication: Do not use if skin is pustular or severely
broken.
Supply: Oint 10z/tube, each gm contains: undecylenic
acid 50mg, Zinc undecylenate 200mg
Metronidazole-Sutrol Gel-Vaginal(ESUTR)
Metrozole(EMETR)(
Indication: Treatment of bacterial vaginosis.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to metronidazole
Adverse effect: Transient redness, mild dryness,
burning & skin irritation. Watery (tearing) eyes if applied
too near the eyes.
Dosage: Gel-apply bid; vag tab-1 tab once daily for
10-20 days.
Supply: Gel-vaginal each gm contains metronidazole 7.5
mg, 25 gm/tube; Vag tab 250 mg.

neoformans, Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces
dermatiditis.
84:04.12 Scabicides and Pediculicides
Benzyl benzoate-Jaline Lotion(EJALI)
Indication: Treatment of scabies, head lice.
Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes & mucous
membranes; do not use on bronken or secondarily
infected skin.
Adverse effect: Skin irritation, burning sensation.
Dosage: Scabiesapply over the whole body; repeat
without bathing on the following day & wash off 24 hr later.
A repeat application may be required in some cases.
Head liceapply 10 ml to the affected area & repeat as
often as necessary.
Supply: Lotion 25% 150 ml/bot
266 - - 267 - -
Gamma benzene hexachloride-Scabi (ESCAB)
Indication: Gamma benzene hexachloride is a

chlorinated insecticide. It can be used in treatment of
scabies and pediculosis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to BHC
Adverse effect: Seizures have been reported following
the topical use of lindane. Isolated reports of adverse
effects associated with lindane include disseminated
intravascular coagulation and subsequent death after
oral ingestion and aplastic anaemia after prolonged
topical exposure (twice daily application for three weeks).
Dosage: Local application for 8-12 hs then wash the
cream out, use once is enough for therapy
Supply: Cream 10 g/tub, each gram contain Gamma
benzene hexachloride 10 mg
84:04.92 Local Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous
Silver sulfadiazine-Sulfasil(ESUL2)
Indication: Prevention and treatment of infection

particularly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; severe burns.
Contraindication: Because sulfonamide therapy is
known to increase the possibility of kernicterus, do not
used in pregnancy women near term or in newborn
infants. Do not use in Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase decient individual. Also should not be
used with proteolytic enzymes.
Administration: The burn wounds are cleaned and
debrided and silver sulfadiazine is applied to a thickness
of 3 to 5 mm with a sterile gloved hand, once to twice daily.
Better-Iodine -Polvidine (B-I)(EBETI)
Indication: Topical antiseptic agent.
Supply: Aq. soln 10% better-iodine

MometasoneElomet (EELOM)
Indication: Mometasone is a medium-potency topical

corticosteroid.
Place in therapy: Once-daily application has been
shown to be as effective as twice-daily administration of
other corticosteroids. Mometasone-induced atrophy have
been reported after approximately 6 weeks of therapy
which is compared to 3 weeks before atrophy induced by
other corticosteroids.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to mometasone
Adverse effect: Dermal atrophy has occurred with
topical corticosteroids. Other adverse reactions may
include burning, itching, or stinging.
Dosage: Topical application QD
Supply: Cream 0.1% 5 g/tube
Betamethasone-Rinderon V(ERINVC)
Indication: Inammatory dermatoses.

Contraindication: Rosacea, acne & perioral dermatitis;
viral, fungal or bacteria infection; infant <1 years.
Precautions: Eyes; face, co-existing infection; psoriasis;
children <4 years (max 3 weeks treatmnet); pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Atrophy; rarely, hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Apply once daily until improvement occurs.
Clobetasol propionate-Clobesol (ECLOB)
Indication: The most potent topical corticosteroid,

psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, tuberculosis, viral
infection of the eye or skin.
Adverse effect: Adrenal suppression.
Dosage: Topical, BID.
Supply: Cream 0.05%, 5 g/tub
266 - - 267 - -
Gamma benzene hexachloride-Scabi (ESCAB)
Indication: Gamma benzene hexachloride is a

chlorinated insecticide. It can be used in treatment of
scabies and pediculosis
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to BHC
Adverse effect: Seizures have been reported following
the topical use of lindane. Isolated reports of adverse
effects associated with lindane include disseminated
intravascular coagulation and subsequent death after
oral ingestion and aplastic anaemia after prolonged
topical exposure (twice daily application for three weeks).
Dosage: Local application for 8-12 hs then wash the
cream out, use once is enough for therapy
Supply: Cream 10 g/tub, each gram contain Gamma
benzene hexachloride 10 mg
84:04.92 Local Anti-infectives, Miscellaneous
Silver sulfadiazine-Sulfasil(ESUL2)
Indication: Prevention and treatment of infection

particularly by Pseudomonas aeruginosa; severe burns.
Contraindication: Because sulfonamide therapy is
known to increase the possibility of kernicterus, do not
used in pregnancy women near term or in newborn
infants. Do not use in Glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase decient individual. Also should not be
used with proteolytic enzymes.
Administration: The burn wounds are cleaned and
debrided and silver sulfadiazine is applied to a thickness
of 3 to 5 mm with a sterile gloved hand, once to twice daily.
Better-Iodine -Polvidine (B-I)(EBETI)
Indication: Topical antiseptic agent.
Supply: Aq. soln 10% better-iodine

MometasoneElomet (EELOM)
Indication: Mometasone is a medium-potency topical

corticosteroid.
Place in therapy: Once-daily application has been
shown to be as effective as twice-daily administration of
other corticosteroids. Mometasone-induced atrophy have
been reported after approximately 6 weeks of therapy
which is compared to 3 weeks before atrophy induced by
other corticosteroids.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to mometasone
Adverse effect: Dermal atrophy has occurred with
topical corticosteroids. Other adverse reactions may
include burning, itching, or stinging.
Dosage: Topical application QD
Betamethasone-Rinderon V(ERINVC)
Indication: Inammatory dermatoses.

Contraindication: Rosacea, acne & perioral dermatitis;
viral, fungal or bacteria infection; infant <1 years.
Precautions: Eyes; face, co-existing infection; psoriasis;
children <4 years (max 3 weeks treatmnet); pregnancy.
Adverse effect: Atrophy; rarely, hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Apply once daily until improvement occurs.
Clobetasol propionate-Clobesol (ECLOB)
Indication: The most potent topical corticosteroid,

psoriasis, eczema, vitiligo.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, tuberculosis, viral
infection of the eye or skin.
Adverse effect: Adrenal suppression.
Dosage: Topical, BID.
Supply: Cream 0.05%, 5 g/tub
268 - - 269 - -
Fluclorolone-Topicon (ETOPI)
Indication: Steroid-responsive dermatosis, eczema,

acute exacerbation of atopic, seborrhoeic, contact
dermatitis.
Precautions: Infected skin; atrophy of skin & SC tissue
may occur with prolonged use. When used on face
atrophy may occur with short-term use. HPA axis
suppression may occur if large quantities are used for
prolonged period.
Dosage: Apply qid.
Fluocinonide Topysm(ETOPS)
Indication: Fluocinonide is indicated for use topically in

the relief of inammatory and pruritic manifestations of
corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.
Place in therapy: Fluocinonide is a potent uorinated
topical corticosteroid with comparable efcacy to
amcinonide, desoximetasone, diorasone diacetate,
betamethasone dipropionate, and halcinonide.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are limited primarily to
local reactions such as burning, itching, irritation, dryness,
hypopigmentation, and allergic contact dermatitis.
Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may
produce reversible HPA axis suppression and Cushings
syndrome.
Dosage: Adults: topical use BID to QID; children:
administration of topical corticosteroids should be limited
in children to the smallest amount that will be clinically
effective.
Supply: Lotion 0.5 mg/g, 10 g/bot
Flumethasone pivalate-Locacorten oint (ELOCA)
Indication: Non-infectious inammatory skin disease
responsive to topical corticosteroid therapy
Contraindication: Bacterial & viral affections of the skin.
Not for ophth use.
Adverse effect: Rarely, burning sensation, itching, skin
rash; in isolated cases, mild skin atrophy, changes in skin
pigmentation; telangiectasia, purpura, steroid acne,
especially after prolonged application.
84:08 Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
Lidocaine Jelly-Xylocaine Jelly(EXYLJ)(
)
Indication: Surface anaesth
Precautions: Should not be used as ophth drug.
Presence of sepsis or severely traumatized mucosa in
area of application. When used for endotracheal tube
lubrication, avoid introducing into the lumen of the tube.
Adverse effect: Intoxication, cutaneous & hypersensitivity
symptoms. Drowsiness, anxiety, excitement, blurred vision,
nausea, dizziness & vomiting.
Dosage: Several times daily.
Supply: Jelly 2% 30 g/tube
Menphencala Lotion (ECALAM)
Indication: Urticaria, miliaria, mild sunburn, insect bites,
diaper & allergic rash, napkin rash & prickly heat in infants.
Precautions: Avoid occlusive dressing & contact with
open wounds. Acne preparations.
Dosage: Apply once-bid daily.
Supply: Lotion calamine 8 g, Zn oxide 8 g; 100 ml/bot.
Doxepin HCI Ichderm (EICHD)
Indication: Temporary relief of moderate itch associated

with eczematous dermatitis.
Precautions: Pregnancy, lactation, children.
Adverse effect: Local skin irritation.
Dosage: Apply qid
268 - - 269 - -
Fluclorolone-Topicon (ETOPI)
Indication: Steroid-responsive dermatosis, eczema,

acute exacerbation of atopic, seborrhoeic, contact
dermatitis.
Precautions: Infected skin; atrophy of skin & SC tissue
may occur with prolonged use. When used on face
atrophy may occur with short-term use. HPA axis
suppression may occur if large quantities are used for
prolonged period.
Dosage: Apply qid.
Fluocinonide Topysm(ETOPS)
Indication: Fluocinonide is indicated for use topically in

the relief of inammatory and pruritic manifestations of
corticosteroid responsive dermatoses.
Place in therapy: Fluocinonide is a potent uorinated
topical corticosteroid with comparable efcacy to
amcinonide, desoximetasone, diorasone diacetate,
betamethasone dipropionate, and halcinonide.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects are limited primarily to
local reactions such as burning, itching, irritation, dryness,
hypopigmentation, and allergic contact dermatitis.
Systemic absorption of topical corticosteroids may
produce reversible HPA axis suppression and Cushings
syndrome.
Dosage: Adults: topical use BID to QID; children:
administration of topical corticosteroids should be limited
in children to the smallest amount that will be clinically
effective.
Supply: Lotion 0.5 mg/g, 10 g/bot
Flumethasone pivalate-Locacorten oint (ELOCA)
Indication: Non-infectious inammatory skin disease
responsive to topical corticosteroid therapy
Contraindication: Bacterial & viral affections of the skin.
Not for ophth use.
Adverse effect: Rarely, burning sensation, itching, skin
rash; in isolated cases, mild skin atrophy, changes in skin
pigmentation; telangiectasia, purpura, steroid acne,
especially after prolonged application.
84:08 Antipruritics and Local Anesthetics
Lidocaine Jelly-Xylocaine Jelly(EXYLJ)(
)
Indication: Surface anaesth
Precautions: Should not be used as ophth drug.
Presence of sepsis or severely traumatized mucosa in
area of application. When used for endotracheal tube
lubrication, avoid introducing into the lumen of the tube.
Adverse effect: Intoxication, cutaneous & hypersensitivity
symptoms. Drowsiness, anxiety, excitement, blurred vision,
nausea, dizziness & vomiting.
Dosage: Several times daily.
Supply: Jelly 2% 30 g/tube
Menphencala Lotion (ECALAM)
Indication: Urticaria, miliaria, mild sunburn, insect bites,
diaper & allergic rash, napkin rash & prickly heat in infants.
Precautions: Avoid occlusive dressing & contact with
open wounds. Acne preparations.
Dosage: Apply once-bid daily.
Supply: Lotion calamine 8 g, Zn oxide 8 g; 100 ml/bot.
Doxepin HCI Ichderm (EICHD)
Indication: Temporary relief of moderate itch associated

with eczematous dermatitis.
Precautions: Pregnancy, lactation, children.
Adverse effect: Local skin irritation.
Dosage: Apply qid
270 - - 271 - -
Emla cream (EEMLA)
Indication: Topical anesth of the skin in connection with
insertion of IV catheters, blood sampling & supercial
surgical procedures.
Preautions: Eyes; infants.
Adverse effect: Rarely, mild local reactions eg edema,
itching, erythema; corneal irritation, methemoglobinemia
(rare)
Dosage: Apply a thick layer to the skin & cover with an
occlusive dressing. For venipuncture, about 2 g is
recommended. Apply at least 1 hr prior start of the
procedure.
Supply: Cream each g contains lidocaine 25 mg,
prilocaine 25 mg, 5% 5 g
84:16 Cell Stimulants and Proliferants
Tretinoin-May White Oint (1) (EMW1)
Indication: Acne vulgaris

Precautions: Expose to sunlight including sunlamp
should be minimized. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth,
angle of the nose & mucous membrane. Eczema;
sunburn; pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: Erythema, edema, blistering; hypo-or
hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity.
Dosage: Apply once daily before bedtime.
Supply: Oint 0.05% 5 g
84:24 Emollients, Demulcents, and Protectants
Calcipotriol-Daivonex (EDAIV)
Indication: Preparations of calcipotriol are indicated for

the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis. Other
therapeutic uses include congenital ichthyosis, hereditary
epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, pityriasis rubra,
and pustular psoriasis.
Place in therapy: The effectiveness of topical calcipotriol
in the treatment of psoriasis results mainly from inhibition
of epidermal proliferation and stimulation of
differentiation of epidermal cells. Although calcipotriol
appears to exert a signicantly lesser effect on calcium
metabolism than does calcitriol, some investigators feel
there is no advantage in using topical calcipotriol over
topical calcitriol in psoriasis patients.
Contraindication: Vitamin D toxicity. Hypercalcemia. Do
not apply to the face. Hypersensitivity to calcipotriol or
any ingredient
Adverse effect: Transient, rapidly reversible elevation of
serum calcium has occurred with the use of calcipotriol.
The use of calcipotriol may cause burning, stinging,
erythema, and a facial dermatitis.
Dosage: Topical application BID, discontinued if serum
calcium is above normal range. Do not exceed maximum
dose of 100-g ointment per week. Children: Maximum
dose: age over 12 yrs 75 g/week, 6-12 yrs 50 g/week,
under 6 yrs no maximum safe dose known, but 25
g/week is consider appropriate. Pregnant women: started
with QD combined with a group III corticosteroid also QD
topically. The maximum dose is 25 g/week.
Supply: Oint 50 g/g, 30 g/Tube
84:28 Keratolytic Agents
Urea-Sinpharderm (ESINP)
Indication: Ichthyosis & hyperkeratotic skin disorders.
Adverse effect: Irritant to sensitive skin.
Dosage: Apply once-bid.
Supply: Cream 100 mg/g, 30 g/tube
84:32 Keratoplastic Agents
Polytar Emollient (EPOLE)(
)
Indication: Psoriasis, eczema, atopic & pruritic
dermatoses.
270 - - 271 - -
Emla cream (EEMLA)
Indication: Topical anesth of the skin in connection with
insertion of IV catheters, blood sampling & supercial
surgical procedures.
Preautions: Eyes; infants.
Adverse effect: Rarely, mild local reactions eg edema,
itching, erythema; corneal irritation, methemoglobinemia
(rare)
Dosage: Apply a thick layer to the skin & cover with an
occlusive dressing. For venipuncture, about 2 g is
recommended. Apply at least 1 hr prior start of the
procedure.
Supply: Cream each g contains lidocaine 25 mg,
prilocaine 25 mg, 5% 5 g
84:16 Cell Stimulants and Proliferants
Tretinoin-May White Oint (1) (EMW1)
Indication: Acne vulgaris

Precautions: Expose to sunlight including sunlamp
should be minimized. Avoid contact with eyes, mouth,
angle of the nose & mucous membrane. Eczema;
sunburn; pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: Erythema, edema, blistering; hypo-or
hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity.
Dosage: Apply once daily before bedtime.
Supply: Oint 0.05% 5 g
84:24 Emollients, Demulcents, and Protectants
Calcipotriol-Daivonex (EDAIV)
Indication: Preparations of calcipotriol are indicated for

the treatment of moderate plaque psoriasis. Other
therapeutic uses include congenital ichthyosis, hereditary
epidermolytic palmoplantar keratoderma, pityriasis rubra,
and pustular psoriasis.
Place in therapy: The effectiveness of topical calcipotriol
in the treatment of psoriasis results mainly from inhibition
of epidermal proliferation and stimulation of
differentiation of epidermal cells. Although calcipotriol
appears to exert a signicantly lesser effect on calcium
metabolism than does calcitriol, some investigators feel
there is no advantage in using topical calcipotriol over
topical calcitriol in psoriasis patients.
Contraindication: Vitamin D toxicity. Hypercalcemia. Do
not apply to the face. Hypersensitivity to calcipotriol or
any ingredient
Adverse effect: Transient, rapidly reversible elevation of
serum calcium has occurred with the use of calcipotriol.
The use of calcipotriol may cause burning, stinging,
erythema, and a facial dermatitis.
Dosage: Topical application BID, discontinued if serum
calcium is above normal range. Do not exceed maximum
dose of 100-g ointment per week. Children: Maximum
dose: age over 12 yrs 75 g/week, 6-12 yrs 50 g/week,
under 6 yrs no maximum safe dose known, but 25
g/week is consider appropriate. Pregnant women: started
with QD combined with a group III corticosteroid also QD
topically. The maximum dose is 25 g/week.
Supply: Oint 50 g/g, 30 g/Tube
84:28 Keratolytic Agents
Urea-Sinpharderm (ESINP)
Indication: Ichthyosis & hyperkeratotic skin disorders.
Adverse effect: Irritant to sensitive skin.
Dosage: Apply once-bid.
Supply: Cream 100 mg/g, 30 g/tube
84:32 Keratoplastic Agents
Polytar Emollient (EPOLE)(
)
Indication: Psoriasis, eczema, atopic & pruritic
dermatoses.
272 - - 273 - -
Dosage: 2-4 capful to an 8 inch bath. Soak for 20 mins.
Pat skin dry.
Supply: Liqd Tar 7.5%, cade oil 7.5%, coal tar soln 2.5%,
arachis oil extr of crude coal tar 7.5%, liqd parafn 35%,
350 ml/bot.
84:50 Depigmenting and Pigmenting Agents
84:50.04 Depigmenting Agents
Hydroquinone-May White Oint (2) (EMW2)
Indication: Chloasma, melasma, freckles, senile

lentigines, & other unwanted areas of melanin
hyperpigmentation.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Apply to the affected area bid.
Supply: Oint 4% 10 gm
84:92 Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents,
Miscellaneous
Benzoyl peroxide PanOxyl (EDIFF)
Indication: Acne vulgaris.

Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes, mouth & other
mucous membranes. May bleach dyed clothing & fabrics.
Dosage: Apply once daily initially. Increase strength as
required.
Supply: Gel 5% 6 g/tube
Hirudoid Cream (EHIR4)
Indication: Supercial phlebitis and thrombosis,
inammed varicose veins, leg ulcers, lymphadentitis,
exudates, edema, haematoma, softening of hand scars,
to improve scars of injuries burn, surgical operations.
Precautions: Avoid open wounds or mucous membranes.
Dosage: Apply gently or massage severeal times daily.
Supply: Cream each 100 g contains 25,000 IU
mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (organo-heparinoid
Luitpold), 40 g/tube.
Alcos-Anal (EALC2)
Indication: Hemorrhoids; pruritus ani.
Adverse effect: Local irritation.
Dosage: Apply twice daily.
Supply: Oint each g contains Na oleate 100 mg,
polidocanol 20 mg, chlorocarvacol 1 mg, 20 g/tube.
Sokerz (ESOKE)(
)
Indication: Internal & external hemorrhoids
Precautions: Infants or pregnancy, avoid prolonged use.
Dosage: 1 supp morning & night after each bowel
evacuation.
Supply: Supp policresulen 100 mg, cinchocaine HCl 2.5
mg
Zinc oxide Zinc oxide(EZINC)
Indication: Subacute and chronic dermatitis, diape rash,

minor cuts and abrasions, heat rash, and symptomatic
relief of eczema, sunburn and supercial burns.
Contraindication: Oozing eruption.
Supply: Oint 200 mg/g, 28.4 g/tube.
86:00 Smooth Muscle Relaxants
86:12 Genitourinary Smooth Muscle Relaxants
Propiverine-Urotrol(OUROT)
Indication: Management of urinary frequency, urgency &
incontinence in idiopathic detrusor instability or
neurogenic bladder disorders due to spinal cord lesions.
Contraindication: GI obstruction or intestinal atony,
signicant bladder outow obstruction, myasthenia gravis,
severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, glaucoma,
tachyarrhythmia. Pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: dry, mouth, blurred vision, GI
disturbances, mydriasis with cycloplegia & photophobia,
272 - - 273 - -
Dosage: 2-4 capful to an 8 inch bath. Soak for 20 mins.
Pat skin dry.
Supply: Liqd Tar 7.5%, cade oil 7.5%, coal tar soln 2.5%,
arachis oil extr of crude coal tar 7.5%, liqd parafn 35%,
350 ml/bot.
84:50 Depigmenting and Pigmenting Agents
84:50.04 Depigmenting Agents
Hydroquinone-May White Oint (2) (EMW2)
Indication: Chloasma, melasma, freckles, senile

lentigines, & other unwanted areas of melanin
hyperpigmentation.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity.
Dosage: Apply to the affected area bid.
Supply: Oint 4% 10 gm
84:92 Skin and Mucous Membrane Agents,
Miscellaneous
Benzoyl peroxide PanOxyl (EDIFF)
Indication: Acne vulgaris.

Precautions: Avoid contact with eyes, mouth & other
mucous membranes. May bleach dyed clothing & fabrics.
Dosage: Apply once daily initially. Increase strength as
required.
Supply: Gel 5% 6 g/tube
Hirudoid Cream (EHIR4)
Indication: Supercial phlebitis and thrombosis,
inammed varicose veins, leg ulcers, lymphadentitis,
exudates, edema, haematoma, softening of hand scars,
to improve scars of injuries burn, surgical operations.
Precautions: Avoid open wounds or mucous membranes.
Dosage: Apply gently or massage severeal times daily.
Supply: Cream each 100 g contains 25,000 IU
mucopolysaccharide polysulfate (organo-heparinoid
Luitpold), 40 g/tube.
Alcos-Anal (EALC2)
Indication: Hemorrhoids; pruritus ani.
Adverse effect: Local irritation.
Dosage: Apply twice daily.
Supply: Oint each g contains Na oleate 100 mg,
polidocanol 20 mg, chlorocarvacol 1 mg, 20 g/tube.
Sokerz (ESOKE)(
)
Indication: Internal & external hemorrhoids
Precautions: Infants or pregnancy, avoid prolonged use.
Dosage: 1 supp morning & night after each bowel
evacuation.
Supply: Supp policresulen 100 mg, cinchocaine HCl 2.5
mg
Zinc oxide Zinc oxide(EZINC)
Indication: Subacute and chronic dermatitis, diape rash,

minor cuts and abrasions, heat rash, and symptomatic
relief of eczema, sunburn and supercial burns.
Contraindication: Oozing eruption.
Supply: Oint 200 mg/g, 28.4 g/tube.
86:00 Smooth Muscle Relaxants
86:12 Genitourinary Smooth Muscle Relaxants
Propiverine-Urotrol(OUROT)
Indication: Management of urinary frequency, urgency &
incontinence in idiopathic detrusor instability or
neurogenic bladder disorders due to spinal cord lesions.
Contraindication: GI obstruction or intestinal atony,
signicant bladder outow obstruction, myasthenia gravis,
severe ulcerative colitis, toxic megacolon, glaucoma,
tachyarrhythmia. Pregnancy & lactation.
Adverse effect: dry, mouth, blurred vision, GI
disturbances, mydriasis with cycloplegia & photophobia,
274 - - 275 - -
transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia,
palpitations & arrhythmias, difculty in micturition.
Dosage: 15 mg bid-tid, increased to qid if required.
Supply: Tab 15 mg
Oxybutynin-Ditropan(ODIT2)
Indication: Used as an antispasmodic in patients with

uninhibited neurogenic or reex neurogenic bladder for
the relief of symptoms associated with voiding, such as
urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia and
incontinence.
Contraindication: Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia
gravis, partial or complete obstruction of the GI tract,
adynamic ileus, megacolon, severe colitis or ulcerative
colitis when megacolon is present.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, decreased sweating, urinary
hesitancy and/or retention, hot ushes, fever, tachycardia,
palpitation, transient blurred vision, mydriasis, cycloplegia
or increased ocular tension.
Dosage: The usual adult dosage is 5 mg 2 or 3 times
daily with a maximum of 5 mg 4 times daily. Children (

5 years): 5 mg twice daily with a maximum of 5 mg 3
times daily.
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
Tolterodine - Detrusitol(ODETR) Uridin
(OURID)
Indication: Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor

antagonist. It is effective in treating urge incontinence
and urinary urgency or frequency.
Place in therapy: Tolterodine is a safer and more
selective alternative to conventional anticholinergic
agents than propantheline, oxybutynin, and tricyclic
antidepressants.
Contraindication: Gastric retention, hypersensitivity to
tolterodine, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma, urinary
retention
Adverse effect: Tolterodine has produced adverse
effects characteristic of other anticholinergic agents in
clinical studies, such as blurred vision, constipation, and
dry mouth and throat.
Dosage: Adults: 2 mg PO BID then 1mg PO BID to avoid
the side effects of anticholinergics. Children: detrusor
hyperreexia: 0.1 mg/kg
Pharmacokinetics: Peak serum concentrations of
tolterodine occur within 1 hour of oral doses.
Supply: Tab 2 mg

Flavoxate HCl-Genurin (OGENU)Uroxate (OUROX)
Indication: Used as an antispasmodic to provide

symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, nocturia,
suprapubic pain, frequency and incontinence that may
occur in patients with cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis,
urethrocystitis, or urethro-trigonitis.
Contraindication: Patients with pyloric or duodenal
obstruction, obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus,
achalasia, GI hemorrhage, or obstructive uropathies of
the lower urinary tract.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth and throat,
nervousness, vertigo, headache, drowsiness, blurred
vision, increased ocular tension, urticaria, mental
confusion, dysuria, tachycarida, palpitation, hyperpyrexia
and eosinophilia.
Dosage: PO 100-200 mg, 3 or 4 times daily.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
86:16 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants
Aminophylline-Aminophylline (IAMIN)
Antiasth(OANTI)
Indication: Treatment of bronchial or cardiac asthma,

chronic bronchitis emphysema.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any xanthine,
severe cardiac disease, peptic ulcer, severe renal and
liver impairment.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
274 - - 275 - -
transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia,
palpitations & arrhythmias, difculty in micturition.
Dosage: 15 mg bid-tid, increased to qid if required.
Supply: Tab 15 mg
Oxybutynin-Ditropan(ODIT2)
Indication: Used as an antispasmodic in patients with

uninhibited neurogenic or reex neurogenic bladder for
the relief of symptoms associated with voiding, such as
urgency, urge incontinence, frequency, nocturia and
incontinence.
Contraindication: Patients with glaucoma, myasthenia
gravis, partial or complete obstruction of the GI tract,
adynamic ileus, megacolon, severe colitis or ulcerative
colitis when megacolon is present.
Adverse effect: Dry mouth, decreased sweating, urinary
hesitancy and/or retention, hot ushes, fever, tachycardia,
palpitation, transient blurred vision, mydriasis, cycloplegia
or increased ocular tension.
Dosage: The usual adult dosage is 5 mg 2 or 3 times
daily with a maximum of 5 mg 4 times daily. Children (

5 years): 5 mg twice daily with a maximum of 5 mg 3
times daily.
Supply: Tab 2.5 mg
Tolterodine - Detrusitol(ODETR) Uridin
(OURID)
Indication: Tolterodine is a muscarinic receptor

antagonist. It is effective in treating urge incontinence
and urinary urgency or frequency.
Place in therapy: Tolterodine is a safer and more
selective alternative to conventional anticholinergic
agents than propantheline, oxybutynin, and tricyclic
antidepressants.
Contraindication: Gastric retention, hypersensitivity to
tolterodine, uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma, urinary
retention
Adverse effect: Tolterodine has produced adverse
effects characteristic of other anticholinergic agents in
clinical studies, such as blurred vision, constipation, and
dry mouth and throat.
Dosage: Adults: 2 mg PO BID then 1mg PO BID to avoid
the side effects of anticholinergics. Children: detrusor
hyperreexia: 0.1 mg/kg
Pharmacokinetics: Peak serum concentrations of
tolterodine occur within 1 hour of oral doses.
Supply: Tab 2 mg

Flavoxate HCl-Genurin (OGENU)Uroxate (OUROX)
Indication: Used as an antispasmodic to provide

symptomatic relief of dysuria, urgency, nocturia,
suprapubic pain, frequency and incontinence that may
occur in patients with cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis,
urethrocystitis, or urethro-trigonitis.
Contraindication: Patients with pyloric or duodenal
obstruction, obstructive intestinal lesions or ileus,
achalasia, GI hemorrhage, or obstructive uropathies of
the lower urinary tract.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting, dry mouth and throat,
nervousness, vertigo, headache, drowsiness, blurred
vision, increased ocular tension, urticaria, mental
confusion, dysuria, tachycarida, palpitation, hyperpyrexia
and eosinophilia.
Dosage: PO 100-200 mg, 3 or 4 times daily.
Supply: Tab 200 mg
86:16 Respiratory Smooth Muscle Relaxants
Aminophylline-Aminophylline (IAMIN)
Antiasth(OANTI)
Indication: Treatment of bronchial or cardiac asthma,

chronic bronchitis emphysema.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to any xanthine,
severe cardiac disease, peptic ulcer, severe renal and
liver impairment.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal
276 - - 277 - -
discomfort, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, headache,
serious arrhythmia and convulsion. For sustained release
tablet epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and
palpitation have been reported.
Dosage: Usual adult IV Dosage: 250-500 mg up to 1.5
gm daily; Sustained release tablet: 1-2 Tabs BID or Q12H.
Children: IV loading: 6 mg/kg over 20 min
TheophyllineXanthium (OXANT) Thoin(OTHOI)
Indication: Bronchial asthma, bronchospasm.

Contraindication: Same as aminophylline.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, seizures, hypokalemia,
ulceration, reux, nausea, vomiting, rash, hepatotoxicity.
Dosage: Adults: initial 400 mg QD, maintenance:
400-600 mg QD; children: 200-400 mg QD
Supply: Cap 400 mg (Xanthium), 250 mg (Thoin)
88:00 Vitamins
88:08 Vitamin B Complex
Folic acid (OFOLI)
Indication: Megaloblastic anemia, anemia of nutritional

origin, pregnancy, infancy or childhood.
Contraindication: It is an incomplete therapy for
pernicious anemia, it should not be employed because of
the menace of neurological complications various types
of leukemia.
Adverse effect: Allergic sensitization.
Dosage: Folic acid deciency: up to 1 mg/day IM, IV, oral,
SC; maintenance: 0.4 mg/day IM, IV, oral, SC.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Mecobalamin-Hitocobamin M(OHITO)
Indication: Peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic
anemia due to vit B12 deciency.
Precautions: Discontinue if there is no response after
oral intake for several months.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea & other GI
symptoms.
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap 500 mcg
Cyanocobalamin - Vitamin B12 (ICYA1)
Indication: Pernicious anemia and related macrocytic

anemias.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamine.
Adverse effect: Anaphylactic shock, itching, peripheral
vascular thrombosis, polycythemia vera, etc.
Dosage: Vitamin B12 deciency: normal absorption,
1000 g QD orally; mal-absorption, 100 g/day IM or
deep SC for 6-7 days, if clinical improvement, give 100
g Q2D for 7 doses, then every 3-4 days for another 2-3
weeks, then 100 g monthly.
Supply: Inj 1000 g/ml
Felinamin (IFELI)
Indication: Treatment of vit B deciency states,
particularly in psychiatric states, after acute infections,
post-op & in macrocytic anaemias associated with
vitamin B12 deciency.
Adverse effect: Symptom like emesis and are
occasionally accompany with injections.
Dosage: IV slowly 10-20 ml/day
Supply: Inj thiamine disulde 50 mg, pyridoxine
hydrochloride 100 mg, hydroxocobalamin 1000 mcg; 10
ml/amp.
Vitamin B complex (IVITB) (OVITB)
Indication: Vit B deciency
Adverse effect: Allergic hypersensitivity reactions;
severe peripheral neuropathies.
Dosage: Orally 1-2 tab tid; inj 1-2 ml qd-bid.
Supply: Inj 1 ml/amp, each ml contains thiamine HCl 100
276 - - 277 - -
discomfort, nervousness, irritability, insomnia, headache,
serious arrhythmia and convulsion. For sustained release
tablet epigastric distress, nausea, vomiting, and
palpitation have been reported.
Dosage: Usual adult IV Dosage: 250-500 mg up to 1.5
gm daily; Sustained release tablet: 1-2 Tabs BID or Q12H.
Children: IV loading: 6 mg/kg over 20 min
TheophyllineXanthium (OXANT) Thoin(OTHOI)
Indication: Bronchial asthma, bronchospasm.

Contraindication: Same as aminophylline.
Adverse effect: Tachycardia, seizures, hypokalemia,
ulceration, reux, nausea, vomiting, rash, hepatotoxicity.
Dosage: Adults: initial 400 mg QD, maintenance:
400-600 mg QD; children: 200-400 mg QD
Supply: Cap 400 mg (Xanthium), 250 mg (Thoin)
88:00 Vitamins
88:08 Vitamin B Complex
Folic acid (OFOLI)
Indication: Megaloblastic anemia, anemia of nutritional

origin, pregnancy, infancy or childhood.
Contraindication: It is an incomplete therapy for
pernicious anemia, it should not be employed because of
the menace of neurological complications various types
of leukemia.
Dosage: Folic acid deciency: up to 1 mg/day IM, IV, oral,
SC; maintenance: 0.4 mg/day IM, IV, oral, SC.
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Mecobalamin-Hitocobamin M(OHITO)
Indication: Peripheral neuropathy, megaloblastic
anemia due to vit B12 deciency.
Precautions: Discontinue if there is no response after
oral intake for several months.
Adverse effect: Anorexia, nausea, diarrhea & other GI
symptoms.
Dosage: 1 cap TID
Supply: Cap 500 mcg
Cyanocobalamin - Vitamin B12 (ICYA1)
Indication: Pernicious anemia and related macrocytic

anemias.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cyanocobalamine.
Adverse effect: Anaphylactic shock, itching, peripheral
vascular thrombosis, polycythemia vera, etc.
Dosage: Vitamin B12 deciency: normal absorption,
1000 g QD orally; mal-absorption, 100 g/day IM or
deep SC for 6-7 days, if clinical improvement, give 100
g Q2D for 7 doses, then every 3-4 days for another 2-3
weeks, then 100 g monthly.
Supply: Inj 1000 g/ml
Felinamin (IFELI)
Indication: Treatment of vit B deciency states,
particularly in psychiatric states, after acute infections,
post-op & in macrocytic anaemias associated with
vitamin B12 deciency.
Adverse effect: Symptom like emesis and are
occasionally accompany with injections.
Dosage: IV slowly 10-20 ml/day
Supply: Inj thiamine disulde 50 mg, pyridoxine
hydrochloride 100 mg, hydroxocobalamin 1000 mcg; 10
ml/amp.
Vitamin B complex (IVITB) (OVITB)
Indication: Vit B deciency
Adverse effect: Allergic hypersensitivity reactions;
severe peripheral neuropathies.
Dosage: Orally 1-2 tab tid; inj 1-2 ml qd-bid.
Supply: Inj 1 ml/amp, each ml contains thiamine HCl 100
278 - - 279 - -
mg, riboavin sodium 5 mg, pyridoxine HCl 5 mg,
pantothenate 5 mg, nicotinamide 50 mg; Tab thiamine
HCl 5 mg, riboavin 3 mg, nicotinamide 20 mg,
pyridoxine HCl 0.5 mg, cyanocobalamin 1 mcg, Cal
pantothenate 3 mg.
Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6)-Beesix(OVIT6)
A/C
Indication: For pyridoxine deciency, treatment of

irradiation sickness, and nausea/ vomiting of pregnancy.
Contraindication: Sensitivity to pyridoxine.
Adverse effect: Paresthesia, somnolence and low
serum folic acid level.
Dosage: Deciency: 5-25 mg/day PO for 3 weeks,
followed by 1.5-2.5 mg/day in a multivitamin preparation
QD. Drug-induced vitamin B6 Deciency: 100 mg/day for
3 weeks, followed by 30 mg/day for maintenance.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Thiamine HCI (Vitamin B1) (OVIT1)
A/C
Indication: Thiamine deciency, beriberi disease.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to thiamine.
Adverse effect: Analphylactic shock after injection of
large dose.
Dosage: Thiamine deciency: 10-30 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
88:12 Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)-Cilnin (IVITC)
Astar(OVITC)
Indication: For vitamin C deciency, adjunct in iron

supplement, scurvy, deep burns, and wound healing.
Contraindication: Too rapid IV injection should be
avoided.
Adverse effect: Large dose may cause diarrhea, renal
stone, too rapid IV administration may cause temporary
faintness or dizziness.
Dosage: 100-500 mg/day, this dosage can be given PO,
IV, or IM
88:16 Vitamin D
Alfacalcidol (1
- hydroxyvitamin D3)- Alfarol (OALFA)

Indication: 1
-hydroxyvitamin D3 is and analog of

vitamin D. It can be used in familial hypophosphatemia,
hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D resistant rickets. It is
also effective in chronic renal failure patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, evidence of vitamin
D toxicity or hypercalcemia.
Adverse effect: Execessive doses will result in
hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria.
Dosage: Usual dose: 0.5 to 1.0 g/day.
Supply: Tab 0.25 g
88:24 Vitamin K Activity
Phytonadione (Vitamin K1 ) (IK1)
Indication: Hypoprothrombinaemia due to oral

anticoagulants, antibacterials and salicylates;
hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Adverse effect: Severe reactions (ushing, dyspnea,
chest pain) and occasionally deaths have occurred after
IV, possibly due to emulsier; inject site allergy.
Dosage: IM, SC is preffered; in emergency, direct IV
push not exceeding 1 mg/min, or IV infusion. Dose, route,
duration of therapy are dependent on patients
requirements and regulated by repeated determinations
of prothrombin time. Newborns: 0.5-1.0 mg IM or SC, to
correct excessively long prothrombin time. In adults:
2.5-25 mg or up to 50mg given initially, subsequent
doses be individualized on the basis of response.
278 - - 279 - -
mg, riboavin sodium 5 mg, pyridoxine HCl 5 mg,
pantothenate 5 mg, nicotinamide 50 mg; Tab thiamine
HCl 5 mg, riboavin 3 mg, nicotinamide 20 mg,
pyridoxine HCl 0.5 mg, cyanocobalamin 1 mcg, Cal
pantothenate 3 mg.
Pyridoxine HCl (Vitamin B6)-Beesix(OVIT6)
A/C
Indication: For pyridoxine deciency, treatment of

irradiation sickness, and nausea/ vomiting of pregnancy.
Contraindication: Sensitivity to pyridoxine.
Adverse effect: Paresthesia, somnolence and low
serum folic acid level.
Dosage: Deciency: 5-25 mg/day PO for 3 weeks,
followed by 1.5-2.5 mg/day in a multivitamin preparation
QD. Drug-induced vitamin B6 Deciency: 100 mg/day for
3 weeks, followed by 30 mg/day for maintenance.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Thiamine HCI (Vitamin B1) (OVIT1)
A/C
Indication: Thiamine deciency, beriberi disease.

Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to thiamine.
Adverse effect: Analphylactic shock after injection of
large dose.
Dosage: Thiamine deciency: 10-30 mg PO QD
Supply: Tab 50 mg
88:12 Vitamin C
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C)-Cilnin (IVITC)
Astar(OVITC)
Indication: For vitamin C deciency, adjunct in iron

supplement, scurvy, deep burns, and wound healing.
Contraindication: Too rapid IV injection should be
avoided.
Adverse effect: Large dose may cause diarrhea, renal
stone, too rapid IV administration may cause temporary
faintness or dizziness.
Dosage: 100-500 mg/day, this dosage can be given PO,
IV, or IM
88:16 Vitamin D
Alfacalcidol (1
- hydroxyvitamin D3)- Alfarol (OALFA)

Indication: 1
-hydroxyvitamin D3 is and analog of

vitamin D. It can be used in familial hypophosphatemia,
hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D resistant rickets. It is
also effective in chronic renal failure patients.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity, evidence of vitamin
D toxicity or hypercalcemia.
Adverse effect: Execessive doses will result in
hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria.
Dosage: Usual dose: 0.5 to 1.0 g/day.
Supply: Tab 0.25 g
88:24 Vitamin K Activity
Phytonadione (Vitamin K1 ) (IK1)
Indication: Hypoprothrombinaemia due to oral

anticoagulants, antibacterials and salicylates;
hemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
Adverse effect: Severe reactions (ushing, dyspnea,
chest pain) and occasionally deaths have occurred after
IV, possibly due to emulsier; inject site allergy.
Dosage: IM, SC is preffered; in emergency, direct IV
push not exceeding 1 mg/min, or IV infusion. Dose, route,
duration of therapy are dependent on patients
requirements and regulated by repeated determinations
of prothrombin time. Newborns: 0.5-1.0 mg IM or SC, to
correct excessively long prothrombin time. In adults:
2.5-25 mg or up to 50mg given initially, subsequent
doses be individualized on the basis of response.
280 - - 281 - -
88:28 Multivitamin Preparations
Multivitamin- Undeca (OMV)
Indication: Multivit supplement.
Dosage: 1-2 tabs BID-TID
Supply: Tab Vit A 4000 unit, Vit D 400 unit, Vit C 70 mg,
Cal. Pantothenate 10 mg, cyanocobalamin 1 mcg, folic
acid 50 mcg, nicotinamide 20 mg, pyrdoxine HCl 2 mg,
riboavine 2 mg, thiamine mononitrate 2 mg, Vit E 11 mg
Lyopovigen (ILYOP)
Indication: Vitamin deciency.
Contraindication: Patients with allergy to thiamine.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, faintness
Dosage: Added into 500-1000 ml dextrose, or saline uid
IV infusion.
Supply: Inj 5 ml/vial
Each vial provides:
Vit A palmitate 10,000 IU
Vit D (ergocalciferol) 1,000 IU
Vit E 5 IU
Ascorbic acid 500 mg
Thiamine HCl 50 mg
Riboavine 10 mg
Niacinamide 100 mg
Pyridoxine HCl 15 mg
d-Panthenol 25 mg
pH: 2.5-4.0 after dilution.
92:00 Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
5-
-Reductase Inhibitors
Finasteride Proscar(OPROSC)Finta(OFINT)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride

causes a decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen, a
marker commonly used for the detection of prostatic
carcinoma. Patients should be screened for prostatic
carcinoma by other methods (digital rectal exam) prior to
and during nasteride therapy.
Place in therapy: Finasteride is a 5-
-reductase inhibitor;
it inhibits the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone. But several weeks of therapy are
often required before any benet noted by the patient.
Combination therapy with nasteride and an
alpha-blocker may provide optimal medical management.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to nasteride and
pregnancy; It is not indicated for use in women or children.
Adverse effect: Rash, breast tenderness, erectile
dysfunction, reduced libido
Dosage: 5 mg PO QD; urinary excretion of metabolites
are decreased in patients with chronic renal insufciency.
However, an increased fecal excretion occurs in these
patients. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients
with chronic renal insufciency; male pattern hair loss in
men only: 1 mg PO QD with or without meals for 3 months
or more
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Dutasteride-Avodart (OAVOD)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an

enlarged prostate
Pharmacology: Dutasteride inhibits the conversion of
testosterone to 5
-dihydrotesterone (DHT). Testosterone

is converted to DHT by the enzyme 5-
-reductase, which
exists as isoforms, type1 and type2. Dutasteride is an
irreversible competitive inhibitor of 5-
-reductase type1
and type2.
Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability is approximately 61%.
Dutasteride is highly bound to plasma albumin (99%) and
al pha-1 aci d gl ycoprot i en (99. 6%). Dut ast eri de i s
extensively metabolized in liver via CYP3A4 isozymes,
and its metabolites were excreted mainly in feces. The
terminal elimination half- life is approximately 5 weeks at
steady state. Dutasteride is absorbed via skin when
280 - - 281 - -
88:28 Multivitamin Preparations
Multivitamin- Undeca (OMV)
Indication: Multivit supplement.
Dosage: 1-2 tabs BID-TID
Supply: Tab Vit A 4000 unit, Vit D 400 unit, Vit C 70 mg,
Cal. Pantothenate 10 mg, cyanocobalamin 1 mcg, folic
acid 50 mcg, nicotinamide 20 mg, pyrdoxine HCl 2 mg,
riboavine 2 mg, thiamine mononitrate 2 mg, Vit E 11 mg
Lyopovigen (ILYOP)
Indication: Vitamin deciency.
Contraindication: Patients with allergy to thiamine.
Adverse effect: Dizziness, faintness
Dosage: Added into 500-1000 ml dextrose, or saline uid
IV infusion.
Supply: Inj 5 ml/vial
Each vial provides:
Vit A palmitate 10,000 IU
Vit D (ergocalciferol) 1,000 IU
Vit E 5 IU
Ascorbic acid 500 mg
Thiamine HCl 50 mg
Riboavine 10 mg
Niacinamide 100 mg
Pyridoxine HCl 15 mg
d-Panthenol 25 mg
pH: 2.5-4.0 after dilution.
92:00 Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
5-
-Reductase Inhibitors
Finasteride Proscar(OPROSC)Finta(OFINT)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride

causes a decrease in serum prostate-specific antigen, a
marker commonly used for the detection of prostatic
carcinoma. Patients should be screened for prostatic
carcinoma by other methods (digital rectal exam) prior to
and during nasteride therapy.
Place in therapy: Finasteride is a 5-
-reductase inhibitor;
it inhibits the conversion of testosterone to
dihydrotestosterone. But several weeks of therapy are
often required before any benet noted by the patient.
Combination therapy with nasteride and an
alpha-blocker may provide optimal medical management.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to nasteride and
pregnancy; It is not indicated for use in women or children.
Adverse effect: Rash, breast tenderness, erectile
dysfunction, reduced libido
Dosage: 5 mg PO QD; urinary excretion of metabolites
are decreased in patients with chronic renal insufciency.
However, an increased fecal excretion occurs in these
patients. No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients
with chronic renal insufciency; male pattern hair loss in
men only: 1 mg PO QD with or without meals for 3 months
or more
Supply: Tab 5 mg
Dutasteride-Avodart (OAVOD)
Indication: Benign prostatic hyperplasia in men with an

enlarged prostate
Pharmacology: Dutasteride inhibits the conversion of
testosterone to 5
-dihydrotesterone (DHT). Testosterone

is converted to DHT by the enzyme 5-
-reductase, which
exists as isoforms, type1 and type2. Dutasteride is an
irreversible competitive inhibitor of 5-
-reductase type1
and type2.
Pharmacokinetics: Bioavailability is approximately 61%.
Dutasteride is highly bound to plasma albumin (99%) and
al pha-1 aci d gl ycoprot i en (99. 6%). Dut ast eri de i s
extensively metabolized in liver via CYP3A4 isozymes,
and its metabolites were excreted mainly in feces. The
terminal elimination half- life is approximately 5 weeks at
steady state. Dutasteride is absorbed via skin when
282 - - 283 - -
handling capsules.
Contraindication: Use in women and children,
hypersensitivity to dutasteride, or other 5-
-reductase
inhibitors, or any component of the preparation.
Adverse effect: Serum testosterone increased,
thyroi d-sti mul ati ng hormone i ncreased, i mpotence,
decreased libido, ejaculation disorder, breast tenderness
and breast enlargement.
Dosage: 0.5 mg taken orally once a day. The capsules
should be swallowed whole. May be administered with or
without food.
Supply: Cap 0.5 mg
Antidotes
Acetylcysteine Acetin(OACET)
Indication: It is a mucolytic agent that possesses

marginal efcacy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
The drug is very effective in reversing the hepatotoxicity
induced by acetaminophen poisoning.
Adverse effect: Bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, and
allergic reactions.
Dosage: For acetaminophen overdose: oral, initial 140
mg/kg followed with 70 mg/kg Q4H for 17 additional
doses starting 4 hr after loading dose. For mucolytic:
adult200 mg tid; children 100 mg bid-qid.
Supply: Granule 66.67 mg/gm, 1.5 gm/package
Calcium folinate-Leucovorin Calcium(ILEU5)

Indication: Cellular rescue from the adverse effects of
high-dose methotrexate therapy.
Contraindication: Pernicious anemia and other
megaloblastic anemia secondary to lack of Vitamin B12,
Dosage: Rescue of methotrexate adverse reaction:
10-15 mg/m2 IV, IM or PO every 6 hours for 10 doses
starting 24hrs after beginning of MTX infusion, continue
until methotrexate serum levels below 0.01 mole/L.
Stability: D5W with leucovorin 910 mg/L, less than 10%
leucovorin decomposition in 24 hours at room
temperature in glass or polyvinylchloride containers
Supply:Inj 50 mg/5 ml/vial
Pralidoxime-PAMCI(IPAM)
Indication: Poisoning by certain cholinesterase inhibitors

and some organophorous insecticides and miotics.
Contraindication: Impaired renal function.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, disturbances of
vision, nausea, tachycardia, headache, hypertension, and
muscle weakness; large dose may cause transient
neuromuscular blockade.
Dosage: Organophosphate poisoning: Adults: initial 1-2 g
(15-30 mg/kg) in 100 ml normal saline IV infused over
15-30 min, repeat 1-2 gm in 1 hr if muscle weakness
persists. Children: 25-50 mg/kg IV; repeat in 1-2 hrs, then
at 10-12 hr interval if necessary.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/ml, 10 ml/amp.
Antigout Agents
Allopurinol (OALLO)
Indication: Primary hyperuricemia of gout, secondary

hyper-uricemia due to hematological disorders or
antineoplastic therapy, and renal urate stone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to allopurinol,
idiopathic hemochromatosis, nursing mothers and children.
Adverse effect: Rash, exfoliative, urticarial or purpuric
lesions, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis, anemia,
peripheral neuritis, diarrhea, headache.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose: 100 mg/day PC, then
increased by 100 mg at weekly interval until serum uric
level < 6 mg/dl. Maximum dose: 300 mg/dose, 800 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
282 - - 283 - -
handling capsules.
Contraindication: Use in women and children,
hypersensitivity to dutasteride, or other 5-
-reductase
inhibitors, or any component of the preparation.
Adverse effect: Serum testosterone increased,
thyroi d-sti mul ati ng hormone i ncreased, i mpotence,
decreased libido, ejaculation disorder, breast tenderness
and breast enlargement.
Dosage: 0.5 mg taken orally once a day. The capsules
should be swallowed whole. May be administered with or
without food.
Supply: Cap 0.5 mg
Antidotes
Acetylcysteine Acetin(OACET)
Indication: It is a mucolytic agent that possesses

marginal efcacy in the treatment of pulmonary diseases.
The drug is very effective in reversing the hepatotoxicity
induced by acetaminophen poisoning.
Adverse effect: Bronchoconstriction, bronchospasm, and
allergic reactions.
Dosage: For acetaminophen overdose: oral, initial 140
mg/kg followed with 70 mg/kg Q4H for 17 additional
doses starting 4 hr after loading dose. For mucolytic:
adult200 mg tid; children 100 mg bid-qid.
Supply: Granule 66.67 mg/gm, 1.5 gm/package
Calcium folinate-Leucovorin Calcium(ILEU5)

Indication: Cellular rescue from the adverse effects of
high-dose methotrexate therapy.
Contraindication: Pernicious anemia and other
megaloblastic anemia secondary to lack of Vitamin B12,
Dosage: Rescue of methotrexate adverse reaction:
10-15 mg/m2 IV, IM or PO every 6 hours for 10 doses
starting 24hrs after beginning of MTX infusion, continue
until methotrexate serum levels below 0.01 mole/L.
Stability: D5W with leucovorin 910 mg/L, less than 10%
leucovorin decomposition in 24 hours at room
temperature in glass or polyvinylchloride containers
Supply:Inj 50 mg/5 ml/vial
Pralidoxime-PAMCI(IPAM)
Indication: Poisoning by certain cholinesterase inhibitors

and some organophorous insecticides and miotics.
Contraindication: Impaired renal function.
Adverse effect: Drowsiness, dizziness, disturbances of
vision, nausea, tachycardia, headache, hypertension, and
muscle weakness; large dose may cause transient
neuromuscular blockade.
Dosage: Organophosphate poisoning: Adults: initial 1-2 g
(15-30 mg/kg) in 100 ml normal saline IV infused over
15-30 min, repeat 1-2 gm in 1 hr if muscle weakness
persists. Children: 25-50 mg/kg IV; repeat in 1-2 hrs, then
at 10-12 hr interval if necessary.
Supply: Inj 50 mg/ml, 10 ml/amp.
Antigout Agents
Allopurinol (OALLO)
Indication: Primary hyperuricemia of gout, secondary

hyper-uricemia due to hematological disorders or
antineoplastic therapy, and renal urate stone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to allopurinol,
idiopathic hemochromatosis, nursing mothers and children.
Adverse effect: Rash, exfoliative, urticarial or purpuric
lesions, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis, anemia,
peripheral neuritis, diarrhea, headache.
Dosage: Adults: initial dose: 100 mg/day PC, then
increased by 100 mg at weekly interval until serum uric
level < 6 mg/dl. Maximum dose: 300 mg/dose, 800 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 100 mg
284 - - 285 - -
Colchicine (OCOLC)
Indication: Acute gouty arthritis, chronic sarcoid arthritis.

Contraindication: Pregnancy, old or feeble patient with
cardiac, renal, hepatic & GI disease.
hairless, bone marrow depression, myopathy, peripheral
neuritis, burning threat pain, bloody diarrhea, shock,
hematuria, oligouria.
Dosage: Prophylactic dose: 0.5 mg QD-TID. Acute
attack of gout: initial dose: 1-1.2 mg then 0.5 mg Q2H
until pain is relieved or nausea, diarrhea appeared, to a
MAX total dose of 4-8 mg.
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
Bone Resorption Inhibitors
Alendronate/colecalciferol Fosamax
Plus(OFOSP)
Indication: Treatment of osteoporosis in
post-menopausal women to prevent fractures, including
those of the hip & spine (vertebral compression fractures).
Treatment of osteoporosis in men to prevent fractures.
Contraindication: Abnormalities of the esophagus (eg
stricture or achalasia), inability to stand or sit upright for
at least 30 mins, hypocalcemia.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions including
urticaria & rarely angioedema. Transient symptoms of
myalgia, malaise, asthenia & symptoms of myalgia,
malaise, asthenia & rarely fever. Esophagitis, esophageal
erosions, esophageal ulcers, rarely esophageal stricutre or
perforation, & oropharyngeal ulceration.
Rarely, localized osteonecrosis of the jaw
generally associated with tooth extraction &/or local
infection, often with delayed healing. Joint swelling,
dizziness & vertigo, rash (occasionally with
photosensitivity), pruritus.
Dosage: 1 tab once weekly.
Supply: Tab Alendronate Na 70 mg, colecalciferol 2800 IU
Pamidronate-Aredia(IARED)(
Indication: Pamidronate is a bisphosphonate

bone-resorption inhibitor. It is effective in moderate or
severe hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Place in therapy: The drug represents a useful
alternative to etidronate, and may replace etidronate if
further studies conrm its efcacy and lack of effects on
bone mineralization. Pamidronate is effective for treating
osteolytic bone lesions of multiple myeloma and may be
effective in treating bone pain associated with other
tumor types (eg, breast cancer, prostate cancer).
Pamidronate is also effective for treating Pagets disease
of bone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pamidronate or
other bisphosphonates. Monitor renal function tests as
nephropathy may occur. Monitor serum calcium,
phosphate, magnesium, and potassium. If pre-existing
anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia is present,
follow complete blood count during the rst 2 weeks of
treatment.
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effects of
intravenous pamidronate are fever and malaise;
gastrointestinal symptoms have occurred with oral therapy.
Dosage: Adults: 60-90 mg initially, single-dose IV
infusion over 4 hours (60 mg) or 24 hours (90 mg) for
moderate to severe hypercalcemia of malignancy; 90 mg
monthly as a 4-hour infusion for the treatment of
osteolytic bone lesions of multiple myeloma; 30 mg qd for
3 days as a 4-hour infusion for the treatment of Pagets
disease.
Pharmacokinetics: In cancer patients, a mean of 51%
of pamidronate was excreted unchanged in the urine
within 72 hours. The urinary-excretion-rate prole of
pamidronate was biphasic (60 milligrams); alpha half-life,
2.1 hours, beta half-life, 28 hours.
Stability: After reconstitution of pamidronate lyophilized
powder, the solution is stable for up to 24 hours when
refrigerated (2 to 8 C). When pamidronate is prepared in
284 - - 285 - -
Colchicine (OCOLC)
Indication: Acute gouty arthritis, chronic sarcoid arthritis.

Contraindication: Pregnancy, old or feeble patient with
cardiac, renal, hepatic & GI disease.
hairless, bone marrow depression, myopathy, peripheral
neuritis, burning threat pain, bloody diarrhea, shock,
hematuria, oligouria.
Dosage: Prophylactic dose: 0.5 mg QD-TID. Acute
attack of gout: initial dose: 1-1.2 mg then 0.5 mg Q2H
until pain is relieved or nausea, diarrhea appeared, to a
MAX total dose of 4-8 mg.
Supply: Tab 0.5 mg
Bone Resorption Inhibitors
Alendronate/colecalciferol Fosamax
Plus(OFOSP)
Indication: Treatment of osteoporosis in
post-menopausal women to prevent fractures, including
those of the hip & spine (vertebral compression fractures).
Treatment of osteoporosis in men to prevent fractures.
Contraindication: Abnormalities of the esophagus (eg
stricture or achalasia), inability to stand or sit upright for
at least 30 mins, hypocalcemia.
Adverse effect: Hypersensitivity reactions including
urticaria & rarely angioedema. Transient symptoms of
myalgia, malaise, asthenia & symptoms of myalgia,
malaise, asthenia & rarely fever. Esophagitis, esophageal
erosions, esophageal ulcers, rarely esophageal stricutre or
perforation, & oropharyngeal ulceration.
Rarely, localized osteonecrosis of the jaw
generally associated with tooth extraction &/or local
infection, often with delayed healing. Joint swelling,
dizziness & vertigo, rash (occasionally with
photosensitivity), pruritus.
Dosage: 1 tab once weekly.
Supply: Tab Alendronate Na 70 mg, colecalciferol 2800 IU
Pamidronate-Aredia(IARED)(
Indication: Pamidronate is a bisphosphonate

bone-resorption inhibitor. It is effective in moderate or
severe hypercalcemia of malignancy.
Place in therapy: The drug represents a useful
alternative to etidronate, and may replace etidronate if
further studies conrm its efcacy and lack of effects on
bone mineralization. Pamidronate is effective for treating
osteolytic bone lesions of multiple myeloma and may be
effective in treating bone pain associated with other
tumor types (eg, breast cancer, prostate cancer).
Pamidronate is also effective for treating Pagets disease
of bone.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to pamidronate or
other bisphosphonates. Monitor renal function tests as
nephropathy may occur. Monitor serum calcium,
phosphate, magnesium, and potassium. If pre-existing
anemia, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia is present,
follow complete blood count during the rst 2 weeks of
treatment.
Adverse effect: The primary adverse effects of
intravenous pamidronate are fever and malaise;
gastrointestinal symptoms have occurred with oral therapy.
Dosage: Adults: 60-90 mg initially, single-dose IV
infusion over 4 hours (60 mg) or 24 hours (90 mg) for
moderate to severe hypercalcemia of malignancy; 90 mg
monthly as a 4-hour infusion for the treatment of
osteolytic bone lesions of multiple myeloma; 30 mg qd for
3 days as a 4-hour infusion for the treatment of Pagets
disease.
Pharmacokinetics: In cancer patients, a mean of 51%
of pamidronate was excreted unchanged in the urine
within 72 hours. The urinary-excretion-rate prole of
pamidronate was biphasic (60 milligrams); alpha half-life,
2.1 hours, beta half-life, 28 hours.
Stability: After reconstitution of pamidronate lyophilized
powder, the solution is stable for up to 24 hours when
refrigerated (2 to 8 C). When pamidronate is prepared in
286 - - 287 - -
500 ml or 1000 ml of dextrose 5%, sodium chloride
0.45%, or sodium chloride 0.9%, the infusion solution is
stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Pamidronate
should not be mixed in a calcium-containing infusion
solution (eg, Ringers solution).
Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Etanercept-Enbrel (IENBR)(
Indication: Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,

moderately to severely active polyarticular-course JRA,
severely active arthritis in patient with psoriatic arthritis.
Pharmacology: Etanercept binds tumor necrosis factor
(TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface receptors.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action : 2~ 3 weeks;
bioavailability with SC injection is 58%, with peak plasma
concentrations achieved within 48~96 hrs ; Elimination
half-life:115 hrs.
Contraindication: Sepsis, hypersensitivity to etanercept
or components
Adverse effect: Injection site reaction (37%, erythema,
itching, pain, swelling), Upper respiratory infection,
headache, rhinitis, dizziness, pharyngitis, and cough
occur frequently.
Dosage: Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriasis with
arthropathy, Rheumatoid arthritis, Adult : 50 mg per week
SC as one dose, or 25 mg twice weekly (should be
separated by 72-96 hrs).
Administratuion: Reconstitute 25 mg vial with 1 mL of
bacteriostatic sterile water (included), add slowly and
without shaking or agitation to minimize foaming. Swirl
gently; dissolution requires about 10 minutes. Resultant
solution should be clear and colorless. Administer the
solution as soon as possible after reconstitution.
Storage: Etanercept sterile powder must be refrigerated
at 2-8

Immunosuppressive Agents
Azathioprine-Imuran (OIMUR)
Indication: Renal transplantation (organ and tissue

transplantation), multiple myeloma.
Contraindication: Liver damage, liver disease,
pregnancy, and hypersensitivity to the drug.
Adverse effect: Hematological toxicity (leukopenia,
anemia, and thrombocytopenia), bone marrow suppression,
diarrhea, rash, fever.
Dosage: PO 300 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Cyclosporine-Sandimmun (OSAN2)(OSAN1)
Indication: To prevent the rejection of transplanted kidney,

heart, liver and bone marrow.
Pharmacology: Inhibition of production and release of IL-2
and inhibits IL-2-induced activation of resting T-lymphocytes
Pharmacokinetics: Oral absorption is erratic and
incomplete, about 30%, dependent on presence of food,
bile acid, and GI motility. Distribution: widely in tissues
and body uids including the liver, pancreas, and lung;
across placenta, enters breast milk. Protein binding:
90-98% to lipoproteins. Extensively metabolized in liver
via CYP450 3A4 enzyme. Elimination half-life: 10.5-15 hr
in adults, 7.5 hr in children, prolonged in the elderly and
in patients with liver dysfunction. Excretion: primarily
feces; urine (6%, 0.1% as unchanged drug and
metabolites)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cyclosporine
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity (30%), hyperkalemia,
hypertension, hirsutism, hyperuricemia and gout, tremor,
cramps, headache, gum hypertrophy, lymphomas, GI
disturbances, and transient hepatoxicity.
Dosage: Renal transplant: 9 3 mg/kg/day; liver transplant:
8 4 mg/kg/day; heart transplant: 7 3 mg/kg/day in
2 di vi ded doses; r heumat oi d ar t hr i t i s: i ni t i al 2. 5
mg/kg/day div. Into 2 doses for 6 wks, Max .4 mg/kg/day if
286 - - 287 - -
500 ml or 1000 ml of dextrose 5%, sodium chloride
0.45%, or sodium chloride 0.9%, the infusion solution is
stable for 24 hours at room temperature. Pamidronate
should not be mixed in a calcium-containing infusion
solution (eg, Ringers solution).
Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs
Etanercept-Enbrel (IENBR)(
Indication: Rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis,

moderately to severely active polyarticular-course JRA,
severely active arthritis in patient with psoriatic arthritis.
Pharmacology: Etanercept binds tumor necrosis factor
(TNF) and blocks its interaction with cell surface receptors.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset of action : 2~ 3 weeks;
bioavailability with SC injection is 58%, with peak plasma
concentrations achieved within 48~96 hrs ; Elimination
half-life:115 hrs.
Contraindication: Sepsis, hypersensitivity to etanercept
or components
Adverse effect: Injection site reaction (37%, erythema,
itching, pain, swelling), Upper respiratory infection,
headache, rhinitis, dizziness, pharyngitis, and cough
occur frequently.
Dosage: Ankylosing spondylitis, Psoriasis with
arthropathy, Rheumatoid arthritis, Adult : 50 mg per week
SC as one dose, or 25 mg twice weekly (should be
separated by 72-96 hrs).
Administratuion: Reconstitute 25 mg vial with 1 mL of
bacteriostatic sterile water (included), add slowly and
without shaking or agitation to minimize foaming. Swirl
gently; dissolution requires about 10 minutes. Resultant
solution should be clear and colorless. Administer the
solution as soon as possible after reconstitution.
Storage: Etanercept sterile powder must be refrigerated
at 2-8

Immunosuppressive Agents
Azathioprine-Imuran (OIMUR)
Indication: Renal transplantation (organ and tissue

transplantation), multiple myeloma.
Contraindication: Liver damage, liver disease,
pregnancy, and hypersensitivity to the drug.
Adverse effect: Hematological toxicity (leukopenia,
anemia, and thrombocytopenia), bone marrow suppression,
diarrhea, rash, fever.
Dosage: PO 300 mg/day.
Supply: Tab 50 mg
Cyclosporine-Sandimmun (OSAN2)(OSAN1)
Indication: To prevent the rejection of transplanted kidney,

heart, liver and bone marrow.
Pharmacology: Inhibition of production and release of IL-2
and inhibits IL-2-induced activation of resting T-lymphocytes
Pharmacokinetics: Oral absorption is erratic and
incomplete, about 30%, dependent on presence of food,
bile acid, and GI motility. Distribution: widely in tissues
and body uids including the liver, pancreas, and lung;
across placenta, enters breast milk. Protein binding:
90-98% to lipoproteins. Extensively metabolized in liver
via CYP450 3A4 enzyme. Elimination half-life: 10.5-15 hr
in adults, 7.5 hr in children, prolonged in the elderly and
in patients with liver dysfunction. Excretion: primarily
feces; urine (6%, 0.1% as unchanged drug and
metabolites)
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to cyclosporine
Adverse effect: Nephrotoxicity (30%), hyperkalemia,
hypertension, hirsutism, hyperuricemia and gout, tremor,
cramps, headache, gum hypertrophy, lymphomas, GI
disturbances, and transient hepatoxicity.
Dosage: Renal transplant: 9 3 mg/kg/day; liver transplant:
8 4 mg/kg/day; heart transplant: 7 3 mg/kg/day in
2 di vi ded doses; r heumat oi d ar t hr i t i s: i ni t i al 2. 5
mg/kg/day div. Into 2 doses for 6 wks, Max .4 mg/kg/day if
288 - - 289 - -
no response after 3 months.
Supply: Cap 25 mg, 100 mg
Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
Botulinum toxin type A Botox (IBOTO)(
Indication: For treatment of strabismus &

blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including
benign essential blepharospasm or VII nerve disorders in
patients >12 years. Treatment of spasmodic torticollis
(cervical dystonia) in adults. Treatment of dynamic
quines foot deformity due to spasticity in pediatric
cerebral palsy patients >2years. Treatment of primary
hyperhidrosis of the axilla. Treatment of glabellar lines
associated with corrugator &/or procerus muscle activity.
Management of focal spasticity, including treatment of
upper limb spasticity associated with stroke in adults.
Contraindication: Mysasthenia gravis or Eaton Lambert
syndrome, infection at inj site.
Precautions: Inammation at inj site, excessive
weakness or atrophy in target muscle, amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, disorders of peripheral neuromuscular
function, angle closure glaucoma. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Localized pain, tenderness &/ or
bruising, local weakness, ptosis, vertical deviation,
irritation/tearing. Rarely, skin rash (including erythema
multiforme, urticaria & psoriasiform eruption), pruritus,
allergic reactions, dysphagia, pneumonia.
Dosage: For blepharospasm: 1.25-2.5 Units injected into
orbicularis oculi muscle; 30 day cumulative MAX 200 Units;
For glabellar lines: in patients 65 years of age and younger,
4 Units (0.1Ml) into each of 5 sites (2 in each corrugator
muscle, 1 in procerus muscle); total dose 20 Units
Supply: Inj 100U
Betahistine-Merislon (OMERI)Nilasen (ONILA)
Indication: Vertigo & dizziness associated with
Menieres syndrome.
Precautions: Peptic ulcer; bronchial asthma,
pheochromocytoma.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting; skin rash.
Dosage: 6-12 mg tid.
Supply: Tab 12 mg (Merislon), 24 mg (Nilasen)
Ginkgo Biloba Extr Cerenin(OCERE) Mylin(OMYLI)
Indication: It has been used in cerebrovascular
insufficiency, peripheral circulation disorder, disturbance
in skin circulation and skin ulcers.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to components of
Ginkgo.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include headaches,
dizziness, palpitations, gastrointestinal disturbances, and
skin hypersensi-tivity reactions.
Dosage: 1 tab PO TID.
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Piracetam Nootropil(ONOO1)(INOO6)(
)
Indication: Age-associated cognitive impairment,
supplemental therapy in cortical myoclonus.
Pharmacology: Piracetam acts on the CNS and has
been described as a `nootropic; it is said to protect the
cerebral cortex against hypoxia. It is also reported to
inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce blood viscosity at
high doses.
Pharmacokinetics: High distribution in cerebrospinal
uid; not metabolized in the body; primarily excreted
unchanged in the urine; Elimination Half-life: 5 to 6 hours.
Contraindication: Previous hypersensitivity to piracetam,
Huntingtons chorea, cerebral hemorrhage, end stage
renal disease.
Adverse effect: Insomnia, somnolence, weight gain,
hyperkinesia, nervousness, and depression.
Dosage: Cerebrovascular insufciencies &
age-associated cognitive impairment: loading dose 4.8 g
daily during initial weeks of treatment; maintenance
1.2-2.4 g daily; cortical myoclonus: initially 7.2 g daily,
288 - - 289 - -
no response after 3 months.
Supply: Cap 25 mg, 100 mg
Other Miscellaneous Therapeutic Agents
Botulinum toxin type A Botox (IBOTO)(
Indication: For treatment of strabismus &

blepharospasm associated with dystonia, including
benign essential blepharospasm or VII nerve disorders in
patients >12 years. Treatment of spasmodic torticollis
(cervical dystonia) in adults. Treatment of dynamic
quines foot deformity due to spasticity in pediatric
cerebral palsy patients >2years. Treatment of primary
hyperhidrosis of the axilla. Treatment of glabellar lines
associated with corrugator &/or procerus muscle activity.
Management of focal spasticity, including treatment of
upper limb spasticity associated with stroke in adults.
Contraindication: Mysasthenia gravis or Eaton Lambert
syndrome, infection at inj site.
Precautions: Inammation at inj site, excessive
weakness or atrophy in target muscle, amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis, disorders of peripheral neuromuscular
function, angle closure glaucoma. Pregnancy, lactation.
Adverse effect: Localized pain, tenderness &/ or
bruising, local weakness, ptosis, vertical deviation,
irritation/tearing. Rarely, skin rash (including erythema
multiforme, urticaria & psoriasiform eruption), pruritus,
allergic reactions, dysphagia, pneumonia.
Dosage: For blepharospasm: 1.25-2.5 Units injected into
orbicularis oculi muscle; 30 day cumulative MAX 200 Units;
For glabellar lines: in patients 65 years of age and younger,
4 Units (0.1Ml) into each of 5 sites (2 in each corrugator
muscle, 1 in procerus muscle); total dose 20 Units
Supply: Inj 100U
Betahistine-Merislon (OMERI)Nilasen (ONILA)
Indication: Vertigo & dizziness associated with
Menieres syndrome.
Precautions: Peptic ulcer; bronchial asthma,
pheochromocytoma.
Adverse effect: Nausea, vomiting; skin rash.
Dosage: 6-12 mg tid.
Supply: Tab 12 mg (Merislon), 24 mg (Nilasen)
Ginkgo Biloba Extr Cerenin(OCERE) Mylin(OMYLI)
Indication: It has been used in cerebrovascular
insufficiency, peripheral circulation disorder, disturbance
in skin circulation and skin ulcers.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to components of
Ginkgo.
Adverse effect: Adverse effects include headaches,
dizziness, palpitations, gastrointestinal disturbances, and
skin hypersensi-tivity reactions.
Dosage: 1 tab PO TID.
Supply: Tab 40 mg
Piracetam Nootropil(ONOO1)(INOO6)(
)
Indication: Age-associated cognitive impairment,
supplemental therapy in cortical myoclonus.
Pharmacology: Piracetam acts on the CNS and has
been described as a `nootropic; it is said to protect the
cerebral cortex against hypoxia. It is also reported to
inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce blood viscosity at
high doses.
Pharmacokinetics: High distribution in cerebrospinal
uid; not metabolized in the body; primarily excreted
unchanged in the urine; Elimination Half-life: 5 to 6 hours.
Contraindication: Previous hypersensitivity to piracetam,
Huntingtons chorea, cerebral hemorrhage, end stage
renal disease.
Adverse effect: Insomnia, somnolence, weight gain,
hyperkinesia, nervousness, and depression.
Dosage: Cerebrovascular insufciencies &
age-associated cognitive impairment: loading dose 4.8 g
daily during initial weeks of treatment; maintenance
1.2-2.4 g daily; cortical myoclonus: initially 7.2 g daily,
290 - - 291 - -
increasing by 4.8 g/day every 3-4 days to a max of 24
g/day in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 1200 mg; Inj 200 mg/ml, 60 ml/vial
Ubidecarenone-Neuquinon(ONEUQ)
Indication: Supplemental therapy of CHF
Adverse effect: Infrequently, gastric discomfort,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, skin rash.
Dosage: 1 tab TID
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Glucosamine sulfate Viartril - S(OVIAR)
Glucosamine(OGLUCS) Cuine(OCUIN)
Indication: Osteoarthritis
Pharmacology: Glucosamine is an endogenous
aminomonosaccharide synthesized from glucose and
utilized for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and
glycosaminoglycans. Glucosamine enhances cartilage
proteoglycan synthesis, thereby inhibiting deterioration of
cartilage brought about by osteoarthritis and helping to
maintain equilibrium between cartilage catabolic and
anabolic processes.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: 2-3 weeks; oral
bioavailability is low (26%) due to rst-pass hepatic
metabolism; not protein-bound, but rather incorporates
into plasma proteins; extensively metabolized in the liver
to smaller molecules and ultimately to carbon dioxide,
water, and urea; elimination half-life: 70 hr.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to glucosamine
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, tachyarrhythmia,
constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
headache, insomnia, somnolence
Dosage: 500 mg ORALLY 3 times per day
Supply: Cap 250 mg (Viartril-S contains sodium choride
64 mg)
Octreotide-Sandostatin(ISAND) Octide (IOCTI)
Indication: Octreotide inhibits growth hormone secretion,

insulin secretion and glucagon secretion. The drug has
been useful in the treatment of acromegaly, Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome, VIPoma syndrome, GI endocrine tumors,
secretory diarrhea, carcinoid syndrome.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to octreotide.
Octreotide should be used with caution in patients who
are diabetic. Patients on prolonged therapy should be
monitored periodically for the presence of gallstones
since octreotide can produce bile stasis. Octreotide can
alter absorption of dietary fats, therefore, patients should
be monitored periodically for evidence of fat
malabsorption (quantitative 72-hour fecal fat and serum
carotene) during extended therapy
Adverse effect: Nausea is the most frequent side effect.
Other side effects include diarrhea, transient dizziness,
steatorrhea, rebound hypergastrinemia.
Dosage: 50-100 g SC BID or TID. Repeated injections
at the same site in short periods of time should be avoided.
Ursodeoxycholic acid-Ursolic (OURSO)
Indication: Ursodesoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is

used in the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones.
Contraindication: Calcied cholesterol stones,
radiopaque stones, or radiolucent bile pigment stones,
allergy to bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid should not be
administered to patients with chronic liver disease, peptic
ulcers, or inammatory bowel disease.
Adverse effect: Ursodeoxycholic acid may cause
nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal disturbances
but diarrhoea is reported to occur less frequently than
with chenodeoxycholic acid. Increased liver enzyme
values are also less likely. Pruritus may occur.
Dosage: 8 to 13 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Silymarin-Sirin (OSIL3)Silygen-H(OSILY)
Indication: Chronic persistent & chronic active hepatitis,
290 - - 291 - -
increasing by 4.8 g/day every 3-4 days to a max of 24
g/day in divided doses.
Supply: Tab 1200 mg; Inj 200 mg/ml, 60 ml/vial
Ubidecarenone-Neuquinon(ONEUQ)
Indication: Supplemental therapy of CHF
Adverse effect: Infrequently, gastric discomfort,
anorexia, diarrhea, nausea, skin rash.
Dosage: 1 tab TID
Supply: Tab 10 mg
Glucosamine sulfate Viartril - S(OVIAR)
Glucosamine(OGLUCS) Cuine(OCUIN)
Indication: Osteoarthritis
Pharmacology: Glucosamine is an endogenous
aminomonosaccharide synthesized from glucose and
utilized for biosynthesis of glycoproteins and
glycosaminoglycans. Glucosamine enhances cartilage
proteoglycan synthesis, thereby inhibiting deterioration of
cartilage brought about by osteoarthritis and helping to
maintain equilibrium between cartilage catabolic and
anabolic processes.
Pharmacokinetics: Onset: 2-3 weeks; oral
bioavailability is low (26%) due to rst-pass hepatic
metabolism; not protein-bound, but rather incorporates
into plasma proteins; extensively metabolized in the liver
to smaller molecules and ultimately to carbon dioxide,
water, and urea; elimination half-life: 70 hr.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to glucosamine
Adverse effect: Peripheral edema, tachyarrhythmia,
constipation, diarrhea, dyspepsia, nausea, vomiting,
headache, insomnia, somnolence
Dosage: 500 mg ORALLY 3 times per day
Supply: Cap 250 mg (Viartril-S contains sodium choride
64 mg)
Octreotide-Sandostatin(ISAND) Octide (IOCTI)
Indication: Octreotide inhibits growth hormone secretion,

insulin secretion and glucagon secretion. The drug has
been useful in the treatment of acromegaly, Zollinger-Ellison
syndrome, VIPoma syndrome, GI endocrine tumors,
secretory diarrhea, carcinoid syndrome.
Contraindication: Hypersensitivity to octreotide.
Octreotide should be used with caution in patients who
are diabetic. Patients on prolonged therapy should be
monitored periodically for the presence of gallstones
since octreotide can produce bile stasis. Octreotide can
alter absorption of dietary fats, therefore, patients should
be monitored periodically for evidence of fat
malabsorption (quantitative 72-hour fecal fat and serum
carotene) during extended therapy
Adverse effect: Nausea is the most frequent side effect.
Other side effects include diarrhea, transient dizziness,
steatorrhea, rebound hypergastrinemia.
Dosage: 50-100 g SC BID or TID. Repeated injections
at the same site in short periods of time should be avoided.
Ursodeoxycholic acid-Ursolic (OURSO)
Indication: Ursodesoxycholic acid is a bile acid that is

used in the dissolution of cholesterol gallstones.
Contraindication: Calcied cholesterol stones,
radiopaque stones, or radiolucent bile pigment stones,
allergy to bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid should not be
administered to patients with chronic liver disease, peptic
ulcers, or inammatory bowel disease.
Adverse effect: Ursodeoxycholic acid may cause
nausea, vomiting, and other gastrointestinal disturbances
but diarrhoea is reported to occur less frequently than
with chenodeoxycholic acid. Increased liver enzyme
values are also less likely. Pruritus may occur.
Dosage: 8 to 13 mg/kg/day
Supply: Tab 100 mg
Silymarin-Sirin (OSIL3)Silygen-H(OSILY)
Indication: Chronic persistent & chronic active hepatitis,
292 - - 293 - -
hepatic cirrhosis, toxic-metabolic liver damage.
Contraindication: No contraindications have been noted.
Adverse effect: Non-toxic & dose not cause any
adverse effects even on long- term administration.
Dosage: 70-140 mg TID
Supply: Tab 35 mg (Sirin); Cap 150 mg (Silygen-H)
299
,- ,- ,- ,-
Z,j,_ Z,j,_ Z,j,_ Z,j,_
}-_+g)j/_)){,Z_)

), __j (;,);nd;d ;;;u;;;,[[[)
,[_jZ
2, ,{[{_j (;n);;c cou);d;___jj
jj|
,, _ (;ulnguu;
4, _+{[j
o, __ (,j;j
b, {|__{,j
7, }[[_jjjj_')

,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _)
( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
}duu) OkOS \f;dpn; OkOS
,0mg
) _[(gZ
{={

}mu;y Om;p;d; 2mg ,
_
_|(g
}fu;o }fucucdo
0,2omcg
b _[(g
}n)u;)

}mnopyn;
22omg
) _[(gZ
{={

}n,o;n ;)fo;mn )000
mg
,
__[
(g
_((gZ
}ugm;n)n }mo,cn
2o0mg +
|uvuunc ucd
)2omg
o _[(gZ
}v;o, o,fo,ucn
400mg
,
__[
(g
{_[(g

- 293 -
300
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
}vodu;) lu)u;);;d;
0,omg
b bb b _[(gZ

h;n;uu h;n,onu)u);
)00mg
b _[(gZ

h;ucody h;ucody omg 2 _[(gZ
{={
S;noo)
h;o l,| h;op;oo o mg ,_
_[(g
_[[{((g
ho;y };p;n )00mg 2 _[(g
|j[
(

|,T,|,\k ;)fo;mn o00 mg ) Z
|u;d,;m uno)u;d l)u,;m )80mg ) _[(gZ
{={
h;;l;;;;;
|;c;p) ycop;nou);
2o0mg
7 _[(g
{[j}
|)

|;;;)u P;n)o,yfyn
400 mg
) _[(g
|p;o,n |p;ofo,ucn
2o0mg
4 _[(g
|u;nu;; |o;u)udn; omg +
p;;udo;p;d;n;
)20mg
/_
(
_[(gZ
{={

|onc;;)u ;)yp;ndu);
)8mg, ,b mg
) ,Z
{_

|onco; h;op;oo omg,
),2o mg
,_
_[(g
_[(g
|onvu;, \up;oc ucd
o00mg
b _[(gZ

|o;uc);n \f;dpn; 20mg ) _[(g
|j[
(

|o,uu;

|o;u;)un o0 mg ,_ _[(g{=

- 294 -
301
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
|;uv) |;vofo,ucn l|
o00mg
,_ ZH{=
lun,;n S;;;u)op;p)du
;; omg
2 _[(gZ
{={

l;copun Sk l;,);om;)o;pu
n b0 mg
) _,
l;l; Pnuv;;um h;,
o0mg
,_ Z+_Z

l;pun; Sodum vup;ou);
200mg
2 _[(gZ
{={

l;pun; c;ono Sodum vup;ou);
o00mg
) _[(gZ
){
=

lumc;on k Ocu,d; ,0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

lumn k Ocu,d; ,0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

lo,ul;n \| lo,u,o;n 4mg ) _[(gZ
{=
lo,ul;n 2mg
lo;ul;n 2mg
lynuc;c ;;udpn omg ) |_[(
g

|f;,o; \k \;nufu,n; Sk
,7,omg, 7o mg
) _[(gZ
){
=

|h |)umlu)o 400mg o _[(gZ

|ndo,un |ycopo;pumd
; o0mg
7 _[(g
j

|;c Sk |)odouc b00mg ) _[(gZ

|;pn |, };p;n )00mg 2 _[(g
|j[
(

|,;on kvu;)gmn; ),o
mg
,_ _[(gZ
_

- 295 -
302
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
l;opn; Sk l;odpn; )0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

l;nofl;u); l;nofl;u);
)00mg
,_
_[(g
_[(g|Z

ln)u lnu;);;d; omg 7 _[(g
j

lo;umu, };nd;onu); 70mg 2 _[(gZ
{={

lyn P;n)o,yfyn;
Sk 400mg
) _[(gZ
{={

Ou;);ooc Pun)op;u,o;
40mg
2 _[(g
Ou;);o)m;;); ;)ocop;umd;
,0mg
) _[(gZ

P;mp;;un
O;nd;;gn }p;u,oum )mg ) _[(g \unu,
Omu;y Om;p;d; 2mg ,_ Z
Oucomn \,k, ;)fo;mn o00 mg ) _|(gZ
H

Oucopug; ;)fo;mn o00 mg ,_ _[(gZ

hunu,d; Ocu,d; ,0mg ) _[(g
hu;nudg; l Tum;uo;n 0,2mg ) +,(_
|[,

ndu, Sk ndupumd; ),omg ) Z
;mo20 ;o;o;ld;omo
non);u);
,_ Z
|n;cu; l,|, lnu;);;d; omg 7 _[(g
j

|mycn |u;);omycn
2o0mg
4 _[(g
|udon; k Ocu,d; ,0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

|ulu)on \ulum;)on; o00mg 2 _[(gZ

}co,2
\S}l;
|uco,u |)odouc 400 mg ) _[(g }co,2
\S}l;
- 296 -
303
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
|unpo |un;op;u,o;
,0mg
2 _[(g
|j[
(

|p)o; });ovu;)u)n
40mg
2 Z
|pun)y l;nofl;u);
200mg
,_
_[(g
_[(g|Z

|vu Tloon; ,_
_[(g
_[(gZ

|o); luvo,umn;
mu;u); )00mg,
o0 mg
2 Z
|o,o Sk }ml;o,o
yd;oco;d;
7omg
) _[(gZ

|udom up;o)n; 2o
mg
,_ _[(g
udopu; hhS |dopu +
h;n;;;u,d;
) _[(g|Z

udopu;
)2omg
;)f;n Sk lcof;nuc ;od
7omg
) _[(gZ
{={

;)fo;mn (; ;)fo;mn o00 mg ) _[(gjZ
(

T\ ;)o);;,u);
2,omg
7 _[(g
j

;)o ;)fo;mn o00 mg ,_ _[(g_,

;,) ;,;)n; ,_ _[(g
ucun; O,;)u,n; omg +
} yd;o,d; + g
cu;lonu);
4 _[(gZ

\u);, Sk ndupumd; ),omg ) _[(gZ
){
=

- 297 -
304
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
\;,um |;om;p;u,o;
40mg
,_
_[(g
_[(g,
_j(
,(

\);o;)u) \);ogyc;;n
0,bmg
, ,jZ
(g

\o;muco pu; S);;cuu
f;unguu
o |[_,
_
,(g

Pun)ooc Pun)op;u,o;
40mg
2 _[(gZ
{={

P;fum lcof;nuc
po)u;;um o0mg
,_ _[(g
P;nd

l;odpn; )0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

Po,ou l,|, Pun)op;u,o;
40mg
2 Z{=

P;mou)\o; \o;;););;on;
uc;)u);
,_ _[(g
P;o;cu; lnu;);;d; omg 7 _[(g
j

P;o);u;; Punc;;pu;;
280mg
2 |)jZ
_

Qu;;);un |o;;)y;umn;
4g
\} },
},,

ky)mono;m P;opuf;non;
)o0mg
4 _[(g
Suu,opy;n Sufu;uu,n;
o00mg
2 _[(gZ
{={

Sundmmun |yco;po;n;
2omg, )00mg
b _[(g
S;go; ;;)u;d lyd;o;;go)um
n; omg
) _[(gZ
{={

S;;o,u) Pu;o,;)n; 20mg ,_ (g_,

- 298 -
305
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
S;)n; l,|, Pu;o,;)n; 20mg ,_ (g_,

Sow| Po)u;;um
co;d; b00mg
) _[(gZ
{={

Spu;mo|uv;;n Sufucu;lumd;
o00
mg.P;nu,opy;d
n; o0 mg
,_ _[{((
Z

Spo;uno, );uconu,o;
)00mg
,_
_[(g
_[(g
S)uccun; Sucun; )00mg +
poymugu )00mg
4 _[(gZ

Sup;;ocn |p;ofo,ucn
2o0mg
4 _[(g
Tu;p;on Ol |un;op;u,o;
,0mg
,_ +,((;
(j,
()o mg
4m;,0 mg )0
m;

Tum;o Sk Tum;uo;n 0,2mg ) _[(gZ
|)
Z

Tupu };p;n )00mg o _[(gZ
){=

T;g;;)o |k |u;lumu,;pn;
200mg
) _[(gZ
){
=

Ton T;opyn;
2o0mg
) _[(gZ
|)
Z

T;oug S;nno;d; 20mg 2 _[(gZ
{={
S;noo)
Topumu, Top;umu);
2omg, )00mg
,_
_[(g
_[(gZ{

- 299 -
306
,, ,, ,, ,, _) _) _) _) ( (( (
; ;; ;
I_g I_g I_g I_g _, _, _, _,
T;umu Sk T;umudo )00mg ) _[(gZ
){
=

T;;n)u

P;n)o,yfyn;
Sk 400mg
) _[(gZ
{={

lfu; l;uc 224mg +
);gufu; )000mg
7 _[(g
l);og;;)un P;og;;);;on;
)00mg
b _[(g
\;;;un \;;upum Sk
)20mg
) _[(g
|j[
(

\o;;n || lcof;nuc
;odum o0mg
2 _[(g
|j[
(

W;lu);n Sk hup;opon )o0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

\un)um T;opyn;
400mg
) _[(gZ
|)
Z

\u);u \| }fu,o;n )0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

/oco; Smvu;)u)n 40
mg
,_ ZH(
:)0 m
_,
Smvu)n
20mg
/ylun Sk hup;opon )o0mg ) _[(gZ
{={

Sou;c;;
), Tu;)omo, P;du);c lo;ug; hundloo o
)
;d
2, c;om;d;, h;u)cu;; S;;;;
,, ,[
- 300 -
307
,. ,. ,. ,.
j,,_ j,,_ j,,_ j,,_
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ _ _ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
A. Adrenergic agonist
1 Adrenalin
1mg/1mL/amp
(Epinephrine)
_[___|j_
ex. Sodium
bicarbonatenitrates

2 Dobuject
250mg/5mL/
amp
(Dobutamine)
IVAC __[IV
_
_IVF 2-20 mcg/kg/min
__ 2-7.7mcg/kg/min
_____,_j
_
______j_
__)_]_
3 Dopamine
200mg/5mL/
amp
IVAC __[IV
_
_IVF
Shock 2-20mcg/kg/min
Max.50mcg/kg/min
Refractory CHF 0.5-2
mcg/kg/min,
Max.3mcg/kg/min
Ch. 0.3-25 mcg/kg/min
________
)_]____
4 Ephedrine
25mg/1mL/
amp
IV: 5-10min (10-25mg)
Max dose: 150mg/day
5 Levophed
4mg/4mL/amp
(Norepinephrine)
___j_
__
__.
: initial 8-12mcg/min,
maintain 2-4 mcg/min.
Max.68mg/day prn.
__: initial
0.1mcg/kg/min or
2mcg/min
- 301 -
308
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
A. Adrenergic agonist contd
6 Yutopar
50mg/5mL/amp
(Ritodrine)
_ controlled
infusion device
____]
12hr _____
__
___]__[_
_
D5Wj]
Initially 50-100
mcg/min, increased by
50mcg/min q10min,
the effective dosage is
usually 15-350mcg/
min. IV infusion rate
should not exceed
350mcg/min.
7 Proternol-L
2mg/mL
(Isoproterenol)
_[___|j
_____
___
_____j
__]_
Initially0.1mcg/kg/min
, increased by
0.05mcg/kg/min
q15-20min
the effective dosage is
usually 0.1-1mcg/kg/
min . IV infusion rate
should not exceed
0.08-1.7mcg/min.
B. Adrenergic antagonist
8 Brevibloc
100mg/10mL/vial
(Esmolol)
______

V[ [ ;[(,;zp(qp;
______
_____
______
_____
Loading :
0.5mg/kg/min for 1min
or 1mg /kg over 30 sec
Maintenance :
0.05-0.3mg/kg/min
Atropine,
Iso-
proterenol
, glucagon
9 Trandate
25mg/5mL
(Labetalol)
IV push or IV
infusion _
____
__
Hypertensive
encephalopathy: slow
continuous infusion,
50-200 mg at 2 mg/
min; MAX total dose,
300 mg IV
C. NSAID _ _ _ _
10 Kallpain j[__] ______
___
__
120mg/day
__,__
_,__
Epineph-
rine;
methyl-
prednisolo
ne; anti-
histamine
- 302 -
309
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
11 Keto
30mg/mL/amp
(Ketorolac)
j[__] ______
___
__
120mg/day
__,__
_,__
Epineph-
rine;
methyl-
prednisolo
ne; anti-
histamine
D. Narcotics/opiates __,__ __,__ __,__ __,__
12 Codeine phosphate
30mg/tab
___j] ____ 5q_/|_,z,z;
__q_/|_/,z,z
____j
]
Naloxone
13 Demeral
50mg/mL/amp
(Meperidine)
___j] __
__]____
__IV _
__9q_/|_/, ;
50 q_/,z,z
____j
]
Naloxone
14 Fentanyl
0.1mg/2mL/
amp
___j] over
1-2min
__ qz_/|_/,z,z ;
qz_/|_/,z,z
____
j]
Naloxone
15 Morphine
10mg/mL/amp
___j] 1.____
j]
2.ICP _)
,0q_/,z,z
__,5q_/,z,z
Naloxone
16 Morphine
10mg/tab
___j] ____j
]
180mg/day Naloxone
E. Sedatives _ _ _ _
17 Dormicum
5mg/1mL/amp
(Midazolam)
____
IV 5mg/dose ___2
_
5mg/dose
__
18mcg/kg/min
Flumazenil
18 Diazepam
10mg/2mL
(Diazepam)
1. _[[___
j_KCL
2. __
____
Do not administer IV
diazepam at rates
exceeding 5 mg/min.
Flumazenil
19 Neuropam
2mg/mL/amp
(Lorazepam)
_j[IV
_
_IM;
IV
IV rate __
2mg/min
4mg/dose
__0.3mg
Flumazenil
- 303 -
310
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
F. _ _ _ _
20 Calglon
100mg/10mL/
Amp (Calcium
gluconate)
__]_ _IV,
IVF
___
_IV _3-5
_IVF __
0.7-1.5mEq/min
__, ;00q_/|_/,;
___
_,500q_/|_/,;
,5000q_/,
21 KCL 15%
5mL/amp
(Potassium
chloride)
_IVF _IVF _j]___,
____40q[/[
___
40mEq/hr
G. _____ _____ _____ _____
22 Aminophylline
250mg/10mL/
amp
IVAC __ _IV,
IVF
_____]_
__
IVF rate: 25mg/min
H. Neuromuscular blocking agents ___ ___ ___ ___ _ _ _ _
23 Tracrium
25mg/2.5mL/
amp (Atracurium)
___ IM ____
0,4-0,5q_/|_V,__
5-5 __[
0,0;-0,q_/|_,__
______
,, ___
0.5mg/kg/dose Neo-
stigmine
24 Pavulon
4mg/2mL/amp
(Pancuronium)
___ IM ____
0.04-0.1mg/kgIV,_
_25-60 __[
0.01mg/kg,___
_____,,
___
0.1mg/kg/dose Neo-
stigmine
25 Relaxin
500mg/25mL/
vial
(Succinyl-
choline)
______[
_
__
_
IVF
1. IM total dose _
_150 mg
2._______
___
150mg/dose Atropine
- 304 -
311
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
I. q q q q ___ ___ ___ ___
26 Recofol
200mg/20mL/amp
(Propofol)
j]___[

jY__]_j
_D5W,
NS
ICU sedation:
5mcg/kg/min 5min;
then0.3-3mg/kg/hr or
higher
General anesthesia
4ml(40mg)/10sec; then
6-12mg/kg/hr _
hypotension & apnea
severe cardiacrespiratory
disease and seizure _
___
27 Propofol-Lipuro
200mg/20mL/amp
(Propofol)
j]___[

jY__]_j
_D5W,
NS
ICU sedation:
5mcg/kg/min 5min;
then0.3-3mg/kg/hr or
higher
General anesthesia
4ml(40mg)/10sec; then
6-12mg/kg/hr _
hypotension & apnea
severe cardiacrespiratory
disease and seizure _
___
28 Marcaine 0.5%
30mL/vial
(Bupivacaine)
1.6mg/kg/dose
29 Marcaine spinal
heavy 0.5%
4mL/amp
1.6mg/kg/dose
30 Marcaine spinal
0.5% 4mL/amp
1._j_q
___[__2.
____
1.6mg/kg/dose
31 Sevoflurane inha.
250mL/bot

- 305 -
312
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
J. Penicillin __ __ __ __
32 Ampolin 500mg/vial
(Ampicillin)
33 Ansullina 1500mg/vial
(Ampicillin/ Sulbactam)
__
100-200mg/kg/
day
34 Augcin 1.2g/vial
(Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic
acid)
35 Amoclavunin 0.6g/vial
(Amoxicillin/ Clavulanic
acid)
36 Penicillin 3MU/vial
37 Pitamycin 2g/vial
(Piperacillin)
38 Prostaphlin 500mg/vial
(Oxacillin)
39 Retarpen 2.4MU/vial
(Benzathine penicillin)
40 Subacillin 1500mg/vial
41 Tapimycin 2.25g/vial
(Piperacillin/Tazobactam)
42 Unasyn 1500mg/vial
j[__] 1.___|_
____|_
_
2.__]Penicillin skin
test(____
|__|,__]
__)
3.____
__[,__
_____,
j___][j
j__
Epine-
phrine,
100%
oxygen,
MTP
K. Hypoglycemics
43 Insulin, regular HM
100U/mL, 10mL/vial
____]
44 Insulin, isophane HM
100U/mL, 10mL/vial

45 Insulin Detemir Flexpen
(Levemir FlexPen)
100 U/ml, 3 ml/pen
46 Insulin glargine (Lantus )
100 U/ml, 3 ml/pen
1.[___]_
_j_j_
___]__j
j_ _____
2.___][___
__j_ 2-3 _
__|
3. ___j__
___[__j
100
units/day
- 306 -
313
47 Novomix 30 penfill,
100U/mL, 3mL/vial
_2-3 _
4. j 15 __j__
___[_j_
2-3 _]___.
48 Amaryl 2mg/tab
(Glimepiride)
8mg/day
(4 _)
49 Glimaryl 2 mg/tab
(Glimepiride)
8mg/day
(4 _)
50 Kludone MR 30mg/tab
(Gliclazide)
320mg/
day (10.66
_)
51 Diamicron MR 30 mg/tab
(Gliclazide)
320mg/
day (10.66
_)
52 Diamin MR 30 mg/tab
(Gliclazide)
320mg/
day (10.66
_)
53 Diabitin 5mg/tab
(Glibenclamide)
20mg/day (4
_)
54 Minidiab 5mg/tab
(Glipizide)
40mg/day
(8 _)
55 Diabetrol SR 10mg/tab
(Glipizide)
20mg/day(2
_)
56 Novonorm 1mg/tab
(Repaglinide)
16mg/day
57 Supernide 1mg/tab
(Repaglinide)
____]
1.[___]_
_j_j_
___]__j
j_ _____
2.___][___
__j_2-3 _
__|
3. ___j__
___[__j
_2-3 _
4.j15 __j__
___[_j_
2-3 _]___.
16mg/day
58 Glucobay 50mg/tab
(Acarbose)
____] __[____
(__|);
insulin ,_j___
___6 _
300mg/day
59 Antigluco 850mg/tab
(Metformin)
insulin ,_j__
____3,5 _
2550mg/day
60 Anxoken 1000mg/tab
(Metformin)
____]
2500mg/day
- 307 -
314
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
K. Hypoglycemics contd
61 Glucophage 500mg/tab
(Metformin)
2550mg/day
62 Glucomin XR 500mg/tab
(Metformin)
2000mg/day
63 C.T.L XR 500mg/tab
(Metformin)
2000mg/day
64 Metformin 500mg/tab
(Metformin)
____]
insulin ,_j__
____( _
2000mg/day
65 GlucoMet F.C.
(Metformin HCI
500mg+Glyburide 5mg)
____] MAX:4 tab
66 Actos 30mg/tab
(Pioglitazone)
45mg/day
67 Diazone 15mg/tab
(Pioglitazone)
____] 1.insulin ,_j_
_____2 _
2.___
___
3.__2.5
__ functional class
IIIIV _
45mg/day
68 Avandia 4mg/tab
(Rosiglitazone)
____ insulin ,_j__
____2 _
8mg/day
L. Chemotherapeutic agents
69 Androcur 50mg/tab
(Cyproterone Acetate)
_
_
_____
____]_
70 Bleocin 5mg/amp
(Bleomycin)
j[IV _ _4-5_[__
__
71 Casodex 50mg/tab
(Bicalutamide)
_
__
__
___
__j
72 Endoxan-Asta 200mg/vial
(Cyclophosphamide)
j[IV _
__
____[_
40-50mg/kg/
day
73 Endoxan 50mg/tab
(Cyclophosphamide)
1-5mg/kg/day
- 308 -
315
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
L. Chemotherapeutic agents contd
74 Epirubicin 10mg/vial
(Pharmorubicin)
j[IV _
75 Fuprostate 250mg/tab
(Flutamide)
__
______
_
76 5-Fluorouracil 1g/vial j[IV _
j]_8 _[
_
MAX:1g/
day
77 Gemzar 200mg/vial
(Gemcitabine)
j[IV _
_____
15-30(.
24hr _
1. ___40mg/ml j
____ 2. infusion
time __60 _.
__,_
j_]__
1000mg/m
2
over 30 min
IVF
78 Irino 100mg/vial
(Irinotecan)
j[IV _,j
]__12 _
[
___
_
79 Methotrexate
50mg/2mL/vial
j[IV _ ___ 50mg/m
2
Hydration,
Leuco-
vorin
80 Mitomycin-C Kyowa
10mg/vial
j[IV _ 20mg/ m
2
81 Oxalip 50mg/vial
(Oxaliplatin)
j[IV _
[N/S _
___j_

82 Platinex 50mg/vial
(Cisplatin)
j[IV _ Adequate hydration
before and for 24hrs after
therapy
300mg/m
2
83 Tamoplex 10mg/tab
(Tamoxifen)
___
____[]_

84 Ufur cap
(Tegafur 100mg + uracil
224mg)
_______
____
___
M. Dextrose, hypertonic 20% or greater
85 Dextrose 50% 20mL/amp Use at a rate of 3mL/min
- 309 -
316
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
N. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors
86 Aggrastat
12.5mg/50mL/vial
(Tirofiban)
_platelet
count
Initial: 0.4mcg/kg/min for
30 mins
Maintenance:
0.1mcg/kg/min for 12-24
hrs
O. Inotropic agents _ _ _ _
87 Cordarone
150mg/3mL/amp
(Amiodarone)
_[_15
____
_
D5Wj
]
2g/day, MAX IV rate
30mg/min
___
]3 _j
__
__
88 Lanoxin 0.5mg/2mL/amp
(Digoxin)
_[_
6 _[
IM: ][]
IV____
rate 1-5min
0.5mg/dose
____
____
___
_-__
[p
89 Lanoxin 0.25mg
(Digoxin)
,__ _______j
__
90 Primacor
10mg/10mL/amp
(Milrinone)
Loading dose: 50mcg/kg
over 10 min
Maintenance
dose:0.375-0.75mcg/kg/
min
P. Thrombolytic agent
91 Actilyse 50mg/50mL/vial
(r-Tissue Plasminogen
Activator)
AMI(100mg/3hr)60mg x
1hr(of which 6-10mg over
1-2 min); then 20mg/hr x
2 hrs
If BW<65kg
(1.25mg/kg/3hr)
0.75mg/kg x 1hr (of
which 0.045-0.075mg/kg
over 1-2min) then
0.25mg/kg/hr x 2hrs.
__j >0,5q_/q}_
___
The total dose
should not
exceed 100mg
- 310 -
317
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
P. Thrombolytic agent contd
92 Urokinase inj 6,000IU For IVF only
j]_
__[_
__j]
_j__
_
6000 IU/min x 2hr
93 Urokinase inj 60,000IU For IVF only
j]_
__[_
__j]
_j__
_
6000 IU/min x 2hr
Q. Specific medications
94 Clexane 2000anti-Xa
IU/0.2mL/amp
(Enoxaparin)
_SC _
IM

95 Millisrol 5 mg/10 ml/amp
(Glyceryl trinitrate)
IV infusion
Stability after
reconstitution:
2days at RT,
7days under
refrigeration.
____
: 5mcg/min increase
by 5mcg/min q3-5min,
upto 20mcg/min. If no
responses, increase
10-20mcg/min to desired
effect or appearance of
headache or nausea. Max.
100mcg/min.
__: 0.25-0.5
mcg/kg/min or 5mcg/min,
whichever is less. Max.
5mcg/kg/min not to
exceed adult dose.
96 Heparin 5000U/mL,
5mL/vial
IM_ Anticoagulant therapy:
100U/kg q4h
Prota-
mine
sulphate
- 311 -
318
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
Q. Specific medications contd
97 Isoket 10mg/10mL/amp
(Isosorbide)
IV infusion _ 1. __
__
2. ____
_
rate 1-10mg/hr
98 Magnesium sulfate inj
10% 20mL/amp
IV rate should
not exceed
150mg/min
(___[
)
99 Methotrexate 2.5mg/tab 50mg/day Leuco-
vorin
100 Nipride 50mg/vial
(Nitroprusside)
To avoid thiocyanate
toxicity, not to exceed
3mcg/kg/min in normal
renal function, or 1 mcg /
kg /min in anuric patients,
and avoid prolonged
therapy (>48hr).
Monitor serum
thiocyanate level qd, not
to > 60mg/L (1mmole/L).
Protect from light during
infusion and discard
solution after 24hr or if
the color changed.
Initial 0.25-0.3
mcg/kg/min, increase to
an average of
3mcg/kg/min, Range
0.5-10 mcg/kg/min.
Max. 10mcg/kg/min for
10min
MAX
10mcg/kg/min
for maximum
of 10mins
- 312 -
319
s/N ,| ,| ,| ,| ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$ ,,,$( (( (_ __ _
; ;; ;
. .. .

( (( (__ __ __ __; ;; ; (_ (_ (_ (_ j( j( j( j(
Q. Specific medications contd
101 Nitrostat 0.6mg
(Nitroglycerin)
__ NTG _|___
]____
102 Orfarin 5mg (Coumadin) 1. Monitor international

normalized ratio
(INR) or prothrombin
time (PT).
2. Monitor hemoglobin
and hematocrit if
bleeding occurs.
103 Sodium bicarbonate
70mg/mL
_IV_[
Dobutamine j
_
___flush
iv line
___][
]____
_
hypertonic: _W
D5Wj]_1.5%
(isotonic)
rate over 1-2min
104 Sodium chloride 3%
500mL/bag
Hypertonic soln
Sources:
Institute for Safe Medication Practices
JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organization)
Package insert

- 313 -
320
_|})(}j,_ _|})(}j,_ _|})(}j,_ _|})(}j,_
s/N _j _j _j _j ___ ___ ___ ___
1 Acetaminophen 500mg/tab 6-12 yr: 2.6 g/day
3-6 yr: 720 mg/day
2 Acetaminophen syrup 24mg/mL, 60mL/bot 6-12 yr: 2.6 g/day
3-6 yr: 720 mg/day
3 Acetaminophen+Phenylpropanolamine+Phenyltoloxamine
300 mg+25 mg+22 mg/tab(Rhin)
Phenylpropanolamine 75 mg/day
4 Carbinoxamine 4 mg+Pseudoephedrine 60 mg/tab (Rotec) Pseudoephedrine2-5 yr: 60 mg/day
6-12 yr: 120 mg/day
5 Lactul liquid 333gm/500ml/bot (Lactulose) _ (2mth 1yr): 10mL/day;
__ (1-12 yr): 90mL/day
6 Procaterol liquid 5mcg/mL, 60mL/bot (Meptin) 0.25mL/kg/day
7 Nystatin susp 100,000U/mL, 24mL/bot (Mycostatin) 8mL/day
8 Cyproheptadine 0.4mg/mL, 60mL/bot (Periactin) 1mL/kg/day
9 Aspirin 100 mg/tab (Tapal) 60-80 mg/kg/day
10 Cetirizine 10 mg/tab (Cetimin), 0.1% 60ml/bot (Zyrtec) 10 mg/d
11 Loratadine 10 mg/ta (Genadine) 2-6yr:5mg/d
12 Cyproheptadine 4mg/tab (Periactin) 0.4mg/kg/day
13 Metoclopramide 5mg (Primperan) 0.5mg/kg/day
14 Procaterol 25 mcg/tab (Meptin) 1.25 mcg/kg/d
15 Xanthium 400mg (Theophylline) <1yr: (0.3 x age in weeks) + 8
mg/kg/day
<45kg: 12-24mg/kg/day MAX
600mg/day
- 314 -
321
[_ [_ [_ [_
____ ____ ____ ____
_ __ _
_ __ _
_ j _ j _ j _ j _ _ _ _ j] j] j] j]
1 Engerix-B 20mcg/mL Adsorbed purified surface antigen
protein of Hepatitis B virus
Vial 2C - 8C
2 Infanrix-IPV+HIB
0.5mL
Diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid,
pertussis toxoid, inactivated polio
virus, purified capsular
polysaccharide of Haemophilus
influenzae B
Syr 2C - 8C
3 Pneumovax 23
25mcg/0.5mL
Capsular polysaccharides from the
23 most prevalent of invasive
pneumococcal types
Vial 2C - 8C
4 Prevenar 0.5mL Pneumococcal saccharide
conjugated vaccine
Syr 2C - 8C
5 Tetanus Toxoid Alum
Precipitated 10Lf/mL,
1mL
Tetanus Toxoid Vial 2C - 8C
6 Garadasil 0.5ml Quadrivalent Human
Papillomavirus (types 6, 11, 16,
18)
Syr 2C - 8C
7 Fluvirin Influenza Vaccine Syr 2C - 8C
8 Pediacel Diptheria and Tetanus Toxoids and
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine
Adsorbed Combined with
Inactivated Poliomyelitis Vaccine
and Haemophilus b Conjugate
Vaccine
Vial 2C - 8C
- 315 -
322
,v ,v ,v ,v
y});)[,{ y});)[,{ y});)[,{ y});)[,{
_
_
,{ _,{,
1 Acyclovir (Zovirax
250mg)
Dobutamine, dopamine, aztreonam, cefepime,
morphine, ondansetron, piperacillin
sod-tazobactam sod
D5W, NaCl 0.9%
2 Adenosine (Adenocor
6mg/2mL)
[ D5RL, D5W, RL, NaCl
0.9%
3 25%Albumin 50mL Midazolam, vancomycin NaCl 0.45&0.9%, R, RL,
D5W, D10W
4 Amikacin
(Aminfec250mg/2mL)
Amphotericin B, ampicillin, cefazolin, heparin,
hetastarch, phenytoin, propofol, vitamin B
complex with C
D5W, D10W, D5NaCl
0.2 & 0.9%, NaCl 0.45 &
0.9%, D5R, D5RL, R, RL
5 Aminophylline
250mg/10mL
Ascorbic acid, atracurium, amiodarone,
cefepime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone,
ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, dobutamine,
epinephrine, hydralazine, isoproterenol,
meperidine, morphine, norepinephrine,
ondansetron, prochlorperazine, RI
D5W, D5NaCl 0.2 &
0.9%, NaCl 0.45 &
0.9%, R, RL, D5RL
6 Amiodarone
(Cordarone150mg/3mL)
Aminophylline, heparin, NaHCO3 D5W
7 Amphotericin B
(Fungizone 50mg)
Amikacin, aztreonam, Ca. gluconate, cefepime,
cefpirome, cimetidine, diphenhydramine,
dopamine, filgrastime, gentamicin, lidocaine,
MgSO4, meropenem, penicillin G sodium,
piperacillin sod-tazobactam sod, KCL,
prochlorperazine, propofol, ranitidine
D5W, D10W, D5NaCl
0.2%
8 Ampicillin sod
1000mg-Sulbactam
500mg (Unasyn 1.5g;
Ansullina 1.5g;
Subacillin
Ciproxin, ondansetron NaCl 0.9%
9. Ascorbic acid
100mg/2mL
Sod. Bicarbonate, theophylline, cefazolin D5NaCl 0.45%, D5W,
D10W, R, RL, NaCl
10 Ampicillin 500mg Amikacin, dopamine, epinephrine,
erythromycin lactobionate, fluconazole,
gentamicin, hydralazine, metoclopramide,
midazolam, ondansetron, prochlorperazine
NaCl 0.9%
- 316 -
323
_
_
,{ _,{,
11 Atracurium
(Tracrium25mg/2.5mL)
Aminophylline, cefazolin, diazepam,
heparin, nitroprusside, propofol, ranitidine
D5W, D5NaCl 0.9%, NaCl
0.9%
12 10% Calcium gluconate AmphotericinB, dobutamine, fluconazole,
indomethacin, methylprednisolone,
metoclopramide
D5RL, D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W,
D10W, RL, NaCl 0.9%
13 Cefazolin (Veterin 500mg
Winzolin 1000mg)
Amikacin, ascorbic acid, atracurium,
cimetidine, lidocaine, ranitidine, vitamin
B complex with C
D5RL, D5NaCl 0.20.45 &
0.9%, D5W, R, RL, NaCl
0.9%
14 Cefepime HCL
(Maxipime500mg,
Antifect 1000mg)
Acyclovir, aminophylline, amphotericin
B, cimetidine, ciprofloxacin, diazepam,
diphenhydramine, dobutamine, dopamine,
famotidine, filgrastim, ganciclovir,
gentamicin, haloperidol, MgSO4,
mannitol, meperidine, metoclopramide,
morphine, netilmicin, ondansetron,
prochlorperazine, tobramycin
D10W, NaCl 0.9%
15 Cefoxitin (Lofatin1gm) Filgrastim, hetastarch, ranitidine D5W, D10W, D5NaCl
0.2 ,0.45& 0.9%, NaCl
0.9%, R, RL, D5RL
16 Ceftazidime
(Sintum 1gm)
Aminophylline, fluconazole, midazolam,
ranitidine, warfarin
D5NaCl 0.2 0.45&0.9%,
D5W, D10W, R, RL, NaCl
0.9%
17 Ceftriaxone (Rocephin
500mg; Sintrix 1gm)
Aminophylline, clidamycin, filgrastim,
fluconazole, labetalol, vancomycin
D5W, D10W, RL, NaCl
0.9%
18 Cefuroxime
(Cefuroxime 750mg)
Gentamicinsulfate, RanitidineHCl ,
DoxapramHCl ,Cisatracuriumbesylate,
Clarithromycin ,Filgrastin , Fluconazole ,
Midazolam HCl , Vancomycin HCl ,
Vinorelbine tartrate
D5W,NaCl 0.9%
19 Chloramphenicol(Chlora
mphenicol 1000mg)
Chlorpromazine,Hydroxyzine,
PolymyxinB,Prochlorperazine ,
Prochlorperazine ,Promethazine,
Vancomycin,Glycopyrrole,
Metoclopramide,Fluconazole,
D5RL,D5NaCl0.9%,D5W,
D10W,R,RL,NaCl0.45%,
NaCl 0.9%
- 317 -
324
_
_
,{ _,{,
20 Ciprofloxacin
(Ciproxin 200mg/100mL;
Cinolone 200mg/100mL)
Aminophylline, ampicillin-sulbactam,
amoxicillin, cefepime, clindamycin,
dexamethasone, furosemide, heparin,
hydrocortisone, methylprednisolone,
phenytoin, propofol, warfarin
D5NaCl 0.2& 0.45 %, D5W,
D10W, NaCl 0.9%, R, RL
21 Clindamycin (Clincin
300mg/2mL)
Aminophylline, barbiturates, calcium
gluconate, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin,
filgrastim, phenytoin
D5R, D5W, D10W, D5NaCl
0.45 & 0.9%, NaCl 0.9%,
RL
22 Cyanocobalamin
1mg/1mL
[ D5W, D10W, R, RL, NaCl
0.45 & 0.9%
23 Diltiazem(
Herbesser 50mg)
Acetazolamide,Acyclovir,Aminophylline,
Ampicillin,Cefamandole,Cefoperazone,
Diazepam,Furosemide,Heparin,Insulin,
Methylprednisolone,Nafcillin,Phenytoin,
Rifampin,Sodium bicarbonate,Thiopental
D5W,D5NaCl 0.9%,
NaCl 0.9%
24 Fentanyl [ D5W,NaCL0.9%
25 Fluconazole (Diflucan)
100mg
Amphotericin B, ampicillin,
Ca.gluconate, ceftriaxone, clindamycin,
diazepam, digoxin, dobutamine,
erythromycin, lactobionate, furosemide,
gentamicin,
haloperidol,imipenem-cilastatin,meperid
ine,
netilmicin, piperacillin, ticarcillin,
trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole
D5W,D10W,RL
26 Furosemide(Lasix20mg/2
mL)
Ciprofloxacin, diazepam, diltiazem,
esmolol, filgrastim, fluconazole,
hydralazine, isoproterenol,
metoclopramide, midazolam, netilmicin,
nicardipine, ondansetron,
prochlorperazine, vecuronium
D5RL,D5NaCL
0.9%,D5W,RL,
NaCL0.9%
27 Gentamicin 80mg/2mL Amphotericin B,ampicillin,cefepime,
furosemide, heparin,
hetastarch,indomethacin, propofol,
ticarcillin, warfarin
D5W, D10W,R,RL,
NaCL 0.9%
- 318 -
325
_
_
,{ _,{,
28 Haloperidol
(Binin-U 5mg/mL)
Cefepime, diphenhydramine,
NS,fluconazole, heparin,
ketorolac,morphine,
piperacillin-tazobactam,
Sod.nitroprusside
D5W
29 Heparin
(Agglutex 5000IU/ml)
Amiodarone, amikacin, atracurium,
ciprofloxacin, diazepam, erythromycin,
lactobinate, filgrastim, gentamicin,
haloperidol, meperidine, morphine,
netilmicin, nicardipine, phenytoin,
tobramycin, vancomycin, warfarin
D5NaCl 0.45&0.9%, D5W,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%, D5RL, R
30 Hydrocortisone
sod.succinate (Solu-cortef
100mg)
Ciprofloxacin, diazepam, midazolam,
Phenobarbital, phenytoin,
prochlorperazine
D5R, D5RL,
D5NaCL2,0.45&0.9%,R,RL,
NaCL0.45%&0.9%
31 Imipenem500mg
Cilastatin500mg
(Tienam)
Fluconazole, lorazepam, meperidine,
midazolam, Sod.Bicarbonate
D5NaCL0.2, 0.45&0.9%,
RL,D5W,NaCL0.9%
32 Insulin Aminophylline, dopamine, dobutamine,
norepinephrine, henobarbital,phenytoin,
ranitidine
NaCL 0.9%
33 Isoproterenol (Proternol-L
0.2mg/mL)
Aminophylline,barbiturates,furosemide,
Lidocaine, Sod.Bicarbonate
D5RL,D5NaCL 0.9%, D5W,
RL, NaCL0.45&0.9%
34 Ketorolac
(Keto 30mg/mL; Killpain
30mg/mL
Haloperidol, prochlorperazine D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
35 LabetalolTrandate
25mg/5mL
Cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, warfarin D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2,
0.33&0.9%, D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
36 Lidocainexylocaine 2%Cefazolin, epinephrine, isoproterenol,
norepinephrine, phenytoin
D5RL,D5NaCl
0.45%&0.9%,D5W,RL, NaCl
0.45%&0.9%
37 Lorazepam
Neuropam 2mg/mL
Aztreonam,mipenem-cilastatin,
omeprazole, ondansetron
D5W
38 Magnesium sulfate
MgSO
4
Amphotericin B, cefepime, cyclosporine,
Sod.bicarbonate
D5W, RL, NaCl 0.9%
- 319 -
326
_
_
,{ _,{,
39 Mannitol 500mL
Imipenem-cilastatin,
cefepime,meropenem
40 Meperidine
Demerol
Aminophylline, cefepime, cefoperazone,
furosemide, imipenem-cilastatin, heparin,
morphine, phenytoin, phenobarbital
D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2,
0.45&0.9%, D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%
41 Meropenem
Mepem250mg
Amphotericin B, diazepam,
metronidazole, multivitamins
NaCl 0.9%, R, RL, D5W
42 Methylprednisolone
Solu-medrol 125mg
Ca. Gluconate, ciprofloxacin, filgrastim,
RI,ondansetron, penicillin G Na , propofol
D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W, NaCl
0.9%
43 Metoclopramide
primperan 10mg/2mL
Ampicillin, Ca.Gluconate, cefepime,
erythromycin lactobionate, furosemide,
propofol, Sod.bicarbonate
D5NaCl 0.45%, D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
44 MetronidazoleMedazole
500mg/100mL
Aztreonam, dopamine, filgrastim,
meropenem, warfarin
D5W, RL, NaCl 0.9%
45 Mirosin(Minocycline
100mg)
Rifampin,Allopurinol,Amifostine,
Hydromorphone,Meperidine,Morphine,
Piperacillin-tazobactam,Propofol,Thiotep
a
D5W,NaCl 0.9%,
46 MidazolamDormicum
5mg/1mL
Albumin, ampicillin, ceftazidime,
dexamethasone, furosemide,
hydrocortisone, imipenem-cilastatin,
omeprazole, prochlorperazine, ranitidine,
sod. Bicarbonate,
trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W, NaCl
0.9%
47 Morphine 10mg/1ml Aminophylline, cefepime, haloperidol,
heparin, meperidine, Phenobarbital,
phenytoin, sod.bicarbonate
D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2 ,
0.45&0.9% , D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%
48 Glyceryl trinitrate
50mg/10mL
Hydralazine, phenytoin D5RL, D5NaCl 0.45&0.9% ,
D5W, RL , NaCl 0.45&0.9%
49 Norepinephrine
Levophed 4mg/4mL
Aminophylline, RI, lidocaine,
Phenobarbital, phenytoin,
sod.Bicarbonate, whole blood
D5NaCl 0.9% , D5W, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
50 OctreotideSandostatin
0.1mg/1mL
[ NaCl 0.9%
- 320 -
327
_
_
,{ _,{,
51 OndansetronZofran
8mg/4mL
Acyclovir, aminophylline, amphotericin
B, ampicillin, ampicillin sod.-sulbactam
sod , cefepime, cefoperazone, furosemide,
ganciclovir , lorazepam ,
methylprdnisolone, piperacillin, sod.
Bicarbonate
D5NaCl 0.45&0.9% , D5W,
R, NaCl 0.9%, RL
52 OxacillinProstaphlin
500mg
Sodium bicarbonate D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W, RL,
NaCl 0.9%, D5RL
53 PancuroniumPavulon
4mg/2mL
Diazepam D5NaCl 0.9%, D5W, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
54 Penicillin G sod. 3MIU Amphotericin B, methylprednisolone,
prochlorperazine, vancomycin
NaCl 0.9%
55 Phenytoin (Aleviatin
250mg/5mL)
Amikacin,aminophylline, ciprofloxacin,
diltiazem, dobutamine, gentamicin,
heparin, RI, lidocaine, meperidine,
morphine, nitroglycerin, norepinephrine,
KCl, prochlorperazine, propofol,
theophylline, vancomycin, vitamin B
complex with C
NaCl 0.9%
56 Phytonadione
(Vitamin Kl 10mg/1mL)
Dobutamine, ranitidine D5W, D10W, R, RL, NaCl
0.45&0.9%
57 PiperacillinPitamycin
2gm
Aminoglycosides, filgrastim, fluconazole,
ondansetron, vancomycin
D5NaCl 0.9% , D5W, RL,
NaCl 0.9%
58 Piperacillin sod. 2g
Tazobactam sod. 250mg
Tapimycin2.25gm
Acyclovir, amphotericin B, dobutamine,
famotidine, ganciclovir, haloperidol,
prochlorperazine, vancomycin
D5W, NaCl 0.9%
59 Potassium chloride
KCl 15% 5mL
Amphtericin B, diazepam, phenytoin D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl
0.2,0.45&0.9%, D5W, D10W,
R, RL, NaCl 0.45&0.9%
60 Procholrperazine
Novamin 5mg/1mL
Aminophylline, amphotericin B ,
ampicillin, aztreonam, cefepime,
filgrastim, furosemide, hydrocortisone,
ketorolac, midazolam, penicillin G
sodium, Phenobarbital, piperacillin
sod.-tazobactam sod
D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2,
0.45&0.9%, D5W, R, RL,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%
- 321 -
328
_
_
,{ _,{,
61 PropofolRecofol
10mg/ml, 20mL
Amikacin, amphotericin B, atracurium,
ciprofloxacin, diazepam, digoxin,
gentamicin, methotrexate,
methylprdnisolone, metoclopramide,
netilmicin, phenytoin, tobramycin
D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2&0.45%,
D5W, RL
62 Ranitidine
Zantac50mg/2mL
Amphotericin B , atracuonrium, cefazolin,
cefoxitin, ceftazidime, clindamycin,
hetastarch, midazolam, Phenobarbital,
phytonadione
D5NaCl 0.45%, D5W, D10W,
RL, NaCl 0.9%
63 Sod. Bicarbonate
NaHCO
3
7% 20mL
Amiodarone,Vit C, dobutamine,
dopamine, epinephrine,
imipenem-cilastatin, isoproterenol,
labetalol, midazolam, MgSO
4
, morphine,
metoclopramide, meropenem,
norepinephrine, ondansetron,
succinylcholine, ticarcillin disod
clavulanate pot.
D5R, D5NaCl 0.2,
0.45&0.9%, D5W,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%
64 VasopressinPitressin
200mg/1mL
[ D5W, NaCl 0.9%
65 VancomycinVanco
500mg; U-Vanco 1gm
Albumin, cefepime, ceftazidime,
dexamethasone, heparin, omeprazole,
Phenobarbital, phenytoin, piperacillin
sod.-tazobactam sod. ,ticarcillin disod.
clavulanate pot., vitamin B complex with
C
RL, NaCl 0.9%
66 Dexamethasone
(Decadron 5mg/1mL)
Ciprofloxacin, midazolam, vancomycin D5W, NaCl 0.9%
67 DiazepamValium Atracurium, cefepime, diltiazem,
furosemide, fluconazole, heparin,
meropenem, pancuronium bromide,
KClpropofolvecuronium bromide
vitamin B complex with C
)j,_
)D5W, R, NaCl 0.9%
68 Digoxin 0.5mg/2mL Dobutamine, fluconazole, propofol D5W, RL, NaCl 0.45&0.9%
- 322 -
329
_
_
,{ _,{,
69 DiphenhydramineBena
30mg/1mL
Amphotericin B, cefepime, haloperidol,
Phenobarbital, phenytoin
D5R,D5RL, D5NaCl 0.2,
0.45&0.9%,
NaCl 0.45&0.9%, D5W,
D10W, R, RL
70 DobutamineDobuject
250mg/5mL
Acyclovir, aminophylline, cefepime,
calcium gluconate, diazepam, digoxin,
furosemide, MgSO
4
, phenytoin,
phytonadione, piperacillin
sod.-tazobactam sod., potassium
phosphates, RI, Sod. Bicarbonate,
warfarin
D5RL, D5NaCl 0.45&0.9%,
D5W, RL, NaCl 0.45&0.9%
71 Dopamine 200mg/5mL Acyclovir, amphotericin B, ampicillin,
cefepime, RI
D5RL, D5NaCl 0.45&0.9%,
D5W, D10W, RL, NaCl 0.9%
72 EpinephrineAdrenalin
1mg/1mL
Aminophylline, ampicillin, lidocaine, sod.
bicarbonate
D5R, D5RL, D5NaCl 0.9%,
D5W, R, RL, NaCl 0.9%
`1 D5RDextrose 5% in Ringers injection;
D5RLDextrose 5% in Ringers injection , lactated;
D5NaCl 0.2, 0.450.9%Dextrose 5% in sodium chloride 0.2, 0.450.9% ;
D510WDextrose 510% in water;
RRingers injection;
RLRingers injection, lactated;
NaCl 0.450.9%Sodium chloride 0.450.9%.
`2 ,{[]Incompatible ,_additive compatibility, drugs in
syringe compatibility , Y-site injection compatibility.
- 323 -
330
,( ,( ,( ,(
y});_j| y});_j| y});_j| y});_j|
_ __ _
_ __ _
Room temp (_ _ _ _)
25 C
Refrigerated (, , , ,)
2 C ~8 C
1 Abitrexate(MTX)50 mg/2 mL(_)() 24 hrs
2 Actilyse 50 mg/50mL 8 hrs
3 Adenocor (Adenosine 6mg/2mL) 7 days
4 Adrenalin (Epinephrine 1mg/1mL)* 48 hrs (diluted)
5 Agglutex (Heparin 5000IU/mL)
24 hrs
__+:Z
10 ___
15 ))
6 Albumin )_4 ))_(
7 Aleviatin (Phenytoin 250mg/5mL) Immediately
8 Aminfec 125mg/ml 2mL 24 hrs 7 days
9 Aminophylline 250mg/10mL 5 hrs
10 Amoclavunin 0.6gm 4 hrs 8 hrs
11 Ampolin (Ampicillin 500mg) 4 hrs (in D5W); 8 hrs (in N/S)
12 Anexate 0.5 mg/5 mL 24 hrs
13 Ansullina (Ampicillin sod
1000mg-Sulbactam 500mg)
8 hrs (in N/S), 2 hrs (in D5W) 48 hrs (in N/S); 4 hrs(in
D5W)
14 Antifect 1gm 24 hrs 7 days
15 Antivenin, hemorrhagic* 2 hrs
16 Antivenin, neurotropic* 2hrs
17 Aredia 15mg/ml(_) 24 hrs
18 Augcin (Amoxicillin 1g + Clavulanic
acid 0.2g)
4 hrs
19 Avelox 400mg/250ml 24 hrs
20 Bena (Diphenhydramine
30mg/1mL)
Immediately
21 Binin-U (Haloperidol
5mg/mL)
Immediately
22 Buscopan (Hyoscine-N-
butylbromide 10mg)
24 hrs
23 Calglon (10% Calcium gluconate) 24 hrs
24 Cefadin (Cephradine 1g) 2 hrs 24 hrs
25 Cefuroxime (Cefuroxime 750g) 24 hrs 48 hrs
26 Cephalexin 1gm 24 hrs 5 days
27 Cilnin (Ascorbic acid 100mg/2mL) Immediately
- 324 -
331
_ __ _
_ __ _
Room temp (_ __ _ )
25 C
2 C ~8 C
28 Ciproxin (Ciprofloxacin
200mg/100mL)
3 days
29 Clincin (Clindamycin 300mg/2mL) 24 hrs
30 Cordarone (Amiodarone
150mg/3mL)
24 hrs
31 Cyanocobalamin 1mg/1mL* )_\)_(
32 Demeral (Meperidine 50mg/1mL) 24 hrs
33 Diazepam 10mg/2mL Immediately
34 Dobuject (Dobutamine 250mg/5mL) 12 hrs 24 hrs
35 Dopamine 200mg/5mL* 24 hrs
36 Dormicum (Midazolam 5mg/1mL) 24 hrs 3 days
37 Endoxan-Asta (Syklofosfamid) 200
mg()(_)
24 hrs
38 Fentanyl 0.5mg/mL Immediately
39 Flumarin 500 mg 6 hrs 24 hrs
40 Fungizone 50 mg(_)() 24 hrs 7 days
41 Gemzar 200 mg()(_) 24 hrs
42 Gentamicin 80mg/2mL() 24 hrs 7 days
43 Glyceryl trinitrate 50mg/10mL* 48 hrs (diluted) 7 days
44 Herbesser(Diltiazem 50mg/Amp) 24hrs Do not refrigerate
45 Insulin 1 month
46 Invanz (Ertapenem1g) 6 hrs 24 hrs
47 Isoket (Isosorbide dinitrate10 mg/10 Ml) 24 hrs
48 Ketalar (Ketamine50 mg/mL 10 Ml) 24 hrs
49 Kenacort-A (Shincort) (Triamcinolone
acetonide10 mg/1mL)
)_3 ))(
50 Keto (Ketorolac 30mg/mL) 48 hrs
51 Lanoxin (Digoxin 0.5mg/2mL) 48 hrs
52 Lasix (Furosemide 20mg/2mL)* 24 hrs
53 Levophed (Norepinephrine 4mg/4mL)* 24 hrs
54 Lofatin (Cefoxitin 1gm) 24 hrs 5 days
55 Losec (Omeprazole 40mg) 12 hrs (in N/S); 6 hrs (in D5W)
56
Magnesium sulfate 10%
MgSO
4
30 days
57 Maxipime (Cefepime HCL 500mg) 24 hrs 7 days
- 325 -
332
_ __ _
_ __ _
Room temp (_ _ _ _)
25 C
2 C ~8 C
58 Medazole (Metronidazole
500mg/100mL)
24 hrs
59 Mepem (Meropenem 250mg) 6 hrs (in NaCl 0.9%)
1 hr (in D5W)
24 hrs (in NaCl 0.9%)
4 hrs (in D5W)
60 Methason (Dexamethasone 5mg/1mL) 24 hrs
61 Miacalcic (Calcitonin 50IU/1mL) 2 weeks
62 Minocycline(Mirosin 100mg) 24 hrs
63 Morphine 10mg/1mL 24 hrs
64 Narcan (Naloxone) 0.4 mg/1 mL(_)() 24 hrs
65 Neuropam (Lorazepam 2mg/mL) Immediately
66 Nimotop (Nimodipine 0.02% 50mL)* 10 hrs
67 Novamin (Procholrperazine 5mg/1mL) Immediately
68 Octide (Octreotide.1 mg/1 mL) 24 hrs
69 Omezol (Omeprazole 40mg) 4 hrs
70 Pantoloc (Pantoprazole 40mg) 12 hrs
71 Pavulon (Pancuronium 4 mg/2 mL) 48 hrs
72 Penicillin G sod. 3MIU 24 hrs 7days
73 Perdipine (Nicardipine 1mg/1mL) 24 hrs
74 Piton-S (Oxytocin 10IU/1mL) 48 hrs
75 Potassium chloride
(KCl 15% 5mL)
24 hrs
76 Primperan
(Metoclopramide10mg/2mL)
24 hrs
77 Promostan (Alprostadil 20mcg)* 24 hrs
78 Prostaphlin (Oxacillin 500mg) 3 days 7 days
79 Protamine sulfate 10mg/mL Immediately
80 Proternol-L (Isoproterenol-L
0.2mg/mL)*
24 hrs (in D5W)
81 Recofol 10 mg/mL, 20mL 6 hrs
82 Relaxin (Succinylcholine
500mg/25mL)
24hrs
83 Retarpen (Penicillin G Benzathine) 7 days 21 days
84 Rocephin (Ceftriaxone 500mg) 6 hrs 24 hrs
85 Sandostatin
(Octreotide 0.1mg/1mL)
24 hrs
86 Sintrix (Ceftriaxone 1g) Immediately
- 326 -
333
_ __ _
_ __ _
Room temp (_ _ _ _)
25 C
2 C ~8 C
87 Sintum (Ceftazidime 1gm) 24 hrs 7 days
88 Sodium Bicarbonate
(NaHCO
3
7% 20mL)
24 hrs
89 Solu-cortef (Hydrocortisone
sod.succinate100mg)*
3 days
90 Solu-medrol (Methylprednisolone
125mg)
48 hrs
91 Subacillin (Amipicillin1gm +Sulbactaum
500mg)
8 hrs 48 hrs
92 Tapimycin (Piperacillin 2 g/Tazobactam
250 mg)
24 hrs 48 hrs
93 Targocid (Teicoplanin)* 24 hrs
94 Tienam (Imipenem500mg
Cilastatin500mg)
4 hrs 24 hrs
95 Tracrium (Atracurium 25mg/2.5mL) 24 hrs
96 Trandate (Labetalol 25mg/5mL)* 24 hrs
97 Tygacil (Tigecycline50mg) 24 hrs 45 hrs
98 Unasyn (Ampicillin sod
1000mg-Sulbactam 500mg)
8 hrs 48 hrs
99 Urokinase 6,000 IU; 60,000IU 24 hrs 24 hrs
100 Vanco 500mg; U-Vanco 1gm 24 hrs 4 days
101 Veterin (Cefazolin 500mg) 24 hrs 4 days
102 Vitamin Kl (Phytonadione 10mg/1mL)* Immediately
103 Winzolin(Cefazolin 1000mg)* 24 hrs 4 days
104 Xylocaine (Lidocaine 2% 20mL) )_3 ))_(
105 2% Xylocaine 5ml(,) 24 hrs
106 Zantac (Ranitidine 50mg/2mL) 48 hrs
107 Zofran (Ondansetron 8mg/4mL) 24 hrs
108 Zovirax (Acyclovir 250mg) 12 hrs Do not refrigerate
*Protect from light _
Sources: 1. Trissel. Handbook on Injectable Drugs 11
th
ed
2. Micromedex Healthcare Series
3. ,[
- 327 -
3
3
4
[
_
[
_
[
_
[
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

,
z
z
|
;
_
;
(
}
z
z
z
|
y
}
z
y
,
|
z
;
z

(
;
(
}
z
0
0
q
_
/
p
|
(
(
,
(
7
q
_
/
_
q
/
,
5
_
q
,
z
z
|
q
;
z
p
j
z
4
0
q
_
/
|
_
|
j
z
7
0
q
_
/
|
_
4
j
,
,
,
z
,
z
,
[
(
_
_
_
_
_
_
]
_
]
/
_
_
_
_
_
]
_
_
z
z
|
q
;
z
p
j
_
;
-
0
j
;
_
|
[
(
(
|
,
;
,
z
z
|
;
(
z
,
,
|
j
z
;
p
y
;
[
|
j
z
;
|
;
}
z
v
z
}
;
,
|
z
v
z
|
j
z
|
;
z
|
q
z
}
;
,
(
|
,
z
(
z
}
z
v
z
}
,
}
}
|
z
}
z
w
|
j
z
|
;
z
|
q
z
}
;
z
,
|
z
]
,
[
}
(
q
,
z
;
}
0
,
5
q
_
/
5
q
}
/
q
p

_
|
z
,
z
,
;
,
z
p
;
z
_
_
|
_
_
_
0
,
-
0
,
3
q
_
,
_
_
(
0
]
_
,
_
_
_
_
q
_
_
_
_
_
_
0
,
0
0
5
-
0
,
0
q
_
/
|
_
,
_
[
(
,
;
z
0
,
0
0
5
-
0
,
0
q
_
/
|
_
/
j
;
q
_
z
y
z
}
;
z
|
;
,
z
p
;
z
,
,
|
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
]
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
]
;
z
-
,
z
,
|
;
z
[
(
,
;
z
0
,
-
0
,
4
q
_
/
j
;
_
_
_
_
_
_
/
_
_
]
_
_
_
[
,
_
_
_
p
_
]
,
,
;
,
z
p
5
q
_
_
_
|
z
[
_
_
_
(
,
z
;
,
(
;
z
)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
|
_
(
_
j
_
)
_
_
_
,
_
,
|
[
_
_
|
_
_
_
p
[
_
- 328 -
3
3
5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_
_
_

_
|
_
_
_
_

_
_

q
_
,
_
5
-
q
_

_
_
_
_
q
_
,

_
5
-
_

0
,
5
-
q
_

,
|
;
z
p
;
]

,
|
;
z
p
;
q
_
/
q
}
/
q
p

_
[
_
_
q
_
,
3
-
;
_
_
_
_
]
_
j
_
]

_

_
_
[
_

_
_
_
_
_

_
j

,
_
[
p
_
_
_
_

_
_
]
/
_
j

_
_
_
_
_
(
[
;
;
z

z
(
|
p
(
|
)

_
_
(
z
z
(
,

q
z
q
|
;
z
)

_
_
_
_
(
_
]
_
_
_
_
,
_
_
_
_
,
_
_
_
_
_
j
)
,
_
{
]
_
_
_
_
;
|
z
q
;

_
;
(
}
z

,
z
|
;
v
|
z
,

z
j
;
z
z
}

5
0
_
q
/
|
|
}

_
_
|
/

_
q
/
|
_

[
(

_
_
[
_

_
_
[
_
_

_

_
_
_

_
_
[
_
_
_
_
5
0
_
q
_
z
|
;
v
|
z
,

z
j
;
z
z
}
_
_
_
_
4
0
0
q
}
_
_
_
|
,
_
_
_

{
j
,
j
,
_
[
_
_
_
_
[

_
_
_
_

_
_
_
|
_
_

- 329 -
3
3
6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

[
z
,
[
z
;
}

;
]
,

[
z
[
z
;
z
q
;
z

q
z
|
j
,
(
}
[
z
;
z

5
0
0
q
_
/
v
;
}

_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
0
,
5
-
_
q
/
,
_
q
/
,
y

$
,

z
v
z
;

;
-
j
;

_
_

5
q
_
/
|
_
/
j
;

0
-
4
0
q
_
/
|
_
/
,
y

$
,

z
v
z
;

;
-
j
;

_
_
_

_
_

_
q

V
,
_
_
5
0
0
_
q

4
j

,
j
5
0
0
_
q

4
-
j
,
_
(
_
q
/
,
y

_
_

9
0
q
_
/
|
_

;
j
5
q
_
/
|
_
/
j
;
,
_
(
_
q
/
,
V

_
_
_
_
,
_
j
_
_
,

_
_
,
_
_
5
q
_
/
|
_
/
j
;
,

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
,
_
|
_
z
;
;
|
;
z

_
_

,
z
;
(
q

;
;
z

_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

_
_
(
_
q
/
,
_
_
_

_
(
;
-
5
(
)

- 330 -
3
3
7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

[
z
,
z
(
v
z
}
;
}
z
;
(
q

[
z
}
;
|
z

5
0
q
_
/
v
;
}

_
[
z
}
;
z

z
;
,

_
z
;
,
|
_

_
_
[
_
_
|
_
|
,
q
z
|
j
z
|
;
z
|
z

,

5
q
_

(
j

j
_
_
5
-
7
,
|
;
;
q
z
|
j
z
p
;
;
q

,

,
_
5
q
_

4
j

j
_
_
5
-
7

3
,
q
z
|
j
z
}

,

_
_
_

3
0
q
_

(
j

j
_
]
z
z
|
;
z
_
_
_
_

,
|
,
_
_
}
z
(
z
z
v
z
;
;

;
z
,
z
(
z
,
_
,
z
;
(
q

z
;
z
|
;
z

}
z
v
z
}
_
|
_
_
_
_
_
(
,
z
;
(
q

}
z
v
z
}
)
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
]
_

_
_
[
_
_
[
_
_
j
;
}
z
(
z
z
v
z
;
;
_
_
_
4
j
;
_
}
z
(
z
z
v
z
;
;

- 331 -
3
3
8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

;
z
}
z
0
,
4
q
_
/
q
[
q
_
_
_
_

0
,
4
q
_
V
/
/
$
,
,
;
z
p
z
z
v
z
;
y
-
3
q
;
z
z
,
z
,
;
;
[
;
z
,
p
z
,
z
[
|
z
;
q
_
,
;
z
z
z
,
;
,
z
;
,
;
z
,
;
,
z
[
z
p
;
z
;
,
|
z
;
z
;
|
y
_
_

0
.
0
1

m
g
/
k
g

I
V
,

t
h
e
n

0
.
1

m
g
/
k
g

i
f

n
e
e
d
e
d
;

m
a
y

g
i
v
e

I
M
/
S
C

i
n

d
i
v
i
d
e
d

d
o
s
e
s

i
f

I
V

r
o
u
t
e

n
o
t

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e

$
,
C
a
r
d
i
o
v
a
s
c
u
l
a
r
:

C
a
r
d
i
a
c

d
y
s
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
a
,

H
y
p
e
r
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,

H
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,

V
e
n
t
r
i
c
u
l
a
r
f
i
b
r
i
l
l
a
t
i
o
n
H
e
p
a
t
i
c
:
H
e
p
a
t
o
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

[
z
,
p
;
;
|
z
;
y
,
[
(
}
q
z
;
y
z
,
z
q

P
r
e
c
a
u
t
i
o
n
s
k
n
o
w
n

o
r

s
u
s
p
e
c
t
e
d

p
h
y
s
i
c
a
l

d
e
p
e
n
d
e
n
c
e

o
n

o
p
i
o
i
d
s
;

n
a
l
o
x
o
n
e

m
a
y

p
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
e

w
i
t
h
d
r
a
w
a
l

s
y
m
p
t
o
m
s

r
e
v
e
r
s
a
l

o
f

b
u
p
r
e
n
o
r
p
h
i
n
e
-
i
n
d
u
c
e
d

r
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y

d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
o
m
p
l
e
t
e

c
o
n
c
u
r
r
e
n
t
c
a
r
d
i
o
t
o
x
i
c

d
r
u
g
s

i
n
t
r
a
m
u
s
c
u
l
a
r

o
r

s
u
b
c
u
t
a
n
e
o
u
s

i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
s

i
n

p
a
t
i
e
n
t
s

w
h
o

a
r
e

h
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
v
e

o
r

h
a
v
e

i
m
p
a
i
r
e
d

p
e
r
i
p
h
e
r
a
l

c
i
r
c
u
l
a
t
i
o
n
n
e
o
n
a
t
e
s
p
r
e
-
e
x
i
s
t
i
n
g

c
a
r
d
i
a
c

d
i
s
e
a
s
e

- 332 -
3
3
9
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_
[
_
_
O
r
g
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
:

i
n
i
t
i
a
l
,
1
-
2

g

i
n

1
0
0

m
L

N
S

I
V

i
n
f
u
s
e
d

o
v
e
r

1
5
-
3
0

m
i
n

o
r

5
%

s
o
l
u
t
i
o
n

i
n

S
W
F
I

o
v
e
r

n
o
t

l
e
s
s

t
h
a
n

5

m
i
n

;

r
e
p
e
a
t
,

1
-
2

g

i
n

1

h
o
u
r

i
f

m
u
s
c
l
e

w
e
a
k
n
e
s
s

p
e
r
s
i
s
t
s
_
_
O
r
g
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g

(
M
o
d
e
r
a
t
e

t
o

S
e
v
e
r
e
)
:

i
n
t
e
r
m
i
t
t
e
n
t
,

2
5
-
5
0

m
g
/
k
g

I
V
;

m
a
y

r
e
p
e
a
t

i
n

1
-
2
h
r
s
,

t
h
e
n

a
t

1
0
-
1
2
h
r

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l
s

i
f

n
e
c
e
s
s
a
r
y

(
;
_
z
p
j
z
,
p
j
|
z
p
z
;
,
z
z
,
z
;
|
z
|
z
$
z
v
z
;
z
)
,
z
z
|
;
(
z
(
,
,
q
_
/
|
_
,
;
_
}
z
,
z
,
z
,
|
j
z
|
z
_
;
[
(
,
;
z
0
-
q
_
/
|
_
/
j
;
[
,
,
}
[
;
}
;
,
z
;
q
z
5
0
0
q
_
/
0
q
[
|
;
z
j
z
}
;
z
,
|
z
;
,
z
z
v
z
;
,
z
,
z

|
;
z
j
z
}
;
z
,
|
z
;
,
z
z
v
z
;
,
z
,
z
,
;
|
;
}
,
|
z
z
z
,
5
0
q
_
z
v
z
;
y
[
;
v
z
q
;
(
|
z
,
G
a
s
t
r
o
i
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
a
l
:

N
a
u
s
e
a
N
e
u
r
o
l
o
g
i
c
:
D
i
z
z
i
n
e
s
s
,

H
e
a
d
a
c
h
e
O
p
h
t
h
a
l
m
i
c
:

B
l
u
r
r
e
d

v
i
s
i
o
n
R
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
:

H
y
p
e
r
v
e
n
t
i
l
a
t
i
o
n
,

L
a
r
y
n
g
e
a
l

s
p
a
s
m

m
y
a
s
t
h
e
n
i
a

g
r
a
v
i
s

(
m
a
y

p
r
e
c
i
p
i
t
a
t
e

m
y
a
s
t
h
e
n
i
c

c
r
i
s
i
s
)

n
o
t

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

i
n

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

d
u
e

t
o

o
r
g
a
n
o
p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
s
w
i
t
h
o
u
t
a
n
t
i
c
h
o
l
i
n
e
s
t
e
r
a
s
e
a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

n
o
t

e
f
f
e
c
t
i
v
e

i
n

p
o
i
s
o
n
i
n
g
s

d
u
e

t
o

p
h
o
s
p
h
o
r
u
s
/
i
n
o
r
g
a
n
i
c

p
h
o
s
p
h
a
t
e
s
r
e
n
a
l

i
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t
s
l
o
w

I
V

i
n
f
u
s
i
o
n

p
r
e
v
e
n
t
s

t
a
c
h
y
c
a
r
d
i
a
,

l
a
r
y
n
g
o
s
p
a
s
m
,

m
u
s
c
l
e

r
i
g
i
d
i
t
y

- 333 -
3
4
0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

_

___ _

___ _

___ _

___ _

[
j
y
|
z
,
;
z
V
;
|
q
;
0
q
_
/
q
[
W
,
)
,
)
,
[
_
j
[
_
_
,
5
-
q
_
$
,
/
V

$
,
[
z
;
q
|
z
}
z
_
;
z
,
$
|
;
;
z
z
|
;
z

l
i
v
e
r

d
i
s
e
a
s
e
,
z
v
z
;
z
;
z
z
|
;
z
,
,
z
}
(
,
;
}
;
|
;
z
,
,
v
z
z
z
z
(
;
;
z
,
w
;
|
j
,
q
;
;
,
|
;
|
;
z

[
;
z
|
q
;
[
;
z
|
q
;
,
(
}
[
|
z
5
0
q
_
/
5
q
[
,
p
,
)
,

H
e
p
a
r
i
n

o
v
e
r
d
o
s
e
:

1

m
g

I
V

f
o
r

e
v
e
r
y

1
0
0

u
n
i
t
s

o
f

h
e
p
a
r
i
n

r
e
m
a
i
n
i
n
g

i
n

p
a
t
i
e
n
t
;

i
f

3
0

m
i
n
u
t
e
s

h
a
v
e

e
l
a
p
s
e
d

s
i
n
c
e

t
h
e

i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

h
e
p
a
r
i
n

o
n
e
-
h
a
l
f

t
h
e

d
o
s
e

m
a
y

b
e

s
u
f
f
i
c
i
e
n
t
;

m
a
x
i
m
u
m

5
0

m
g

g
i
v
e
n

o
v
e
r

1
0

m
i
n
u
t
e
s
H
e
p
a
r
i
n

o
v
e
r
d
o
s
e
:

t
h
e

d
o
s
e

c
a
n

b
e

g
i
v
e
n

a
s

a

l
o
a
d
i
n
g

d
o
s
e

o
f

2
5

t
o

5
0

m
g

b
y

s
l
o
w

I
V

i
n
j
e
c
t
i
o
n
,

w
i
t
h

t
h
e

r
e
s
t

o
f

t
h
e

c
a
l
c
u
l
a
t
e
d

d
o
s
e

o
v
e
r

8

t
o

1
6

h
o
u
r
s

b
y

i
n
t
r
a
v
e
n
o
u
s

i
n
f
u
s
i
o
n

D
e
r
m
a
t
o
l
o
g
i
c
:

F
l
u
s
h
i
n
g
G
a
s
t
r
o
i
n
t
e
s
t
i
n
a
l
:

N
a
u
s
e
a
,

V
o
m
i
t
i
n
g
R
e
s
p
i
r
a
t
o
r
y
:

D
y
s
p
n
e
a

t
o
o
-
r
a
p
i
d

a
d
m
i
n
i
s
t
r
a
t
i
o
n

m
a
y

c
a
u
s
e

s
e
v
e
r
e

h
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
v
e

a
n
d

a
n
a
p
h
y
l
a
c
t
o
i
d

r
e
a
c
t
i
o
n
s

h
y
p
e
r
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y

t
o

f
i
s
h

(
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

o
f

h
y
p
e
r
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
)

i
n
f
e
r
t
i
l
e

o
r

v
a
s
e
c
t
o
m
i
z
e
d

m
e
n

(
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

o
f

h
y
p
e
r
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
)

p
r
e
v
i
o
u
s

e
x
p
o
s
u
r
e

t
o

p
r
o
t
a
m
i
n
e

(
i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

o
f

h
y
p
e
r
s
e
n
s
i
t
i
v
i
t
y
)

j
z
p
;
;
;
z
|
z
(
z
;
|
}
z
z
,
;
|
z
z
;
z
p
z
;
|
z
,
;
,
;
,
(
;
_
z
;
y
|
;
z
|
,
,
z
,
p
;
|
z
,
z
|
z
z
(
|
;
}
;
,
|
;
z
z
[
j
z
p
;
;
w
;
|
j
p
;
z
|
q
;
z

S
o
u
r
c
e
s
:

1
.

M
i
c
r
o
m
e
d
e
x

H
e
a
l
t
h
c
a
r
e

S
e
r
i
e
s

- 334 -
341
, , , ,
;__ ;__ ;__ ;__

1 5-Fluorouracil If bilirubin > 5, the dose should be omitted.
2 Aggrastat 12.5 mg/50 mL CrCl <30 mL/min: give half the usual dose
3 Aminophylline 250 mg/10 mL 1. Dialysis: theophylline is dialyzable; dosage may have to be
increased
2. Geriatric: maintenance rate theophylline 0.2 mg/kg/hr
(aminophylline 0.25 mg/kg/hr)
3. Liver disease: reduce dose as necessary; IV maintenance
rate theophylline 0.2 mg/kg/hr (aminophylline 0.25
mg/kg/hr); monitor serum levels
4. Smokers, young adults: IV, maintenance rate theophylline
0.7 mg/kg/hr (aminophylline 0.875 mg/kg/hr)
GFR (ml/min) > 50 10-50 10-50 <10 4 Aminfec 125mg/ml 2mL
Dose 60%-90%
Q12H
30%-70%
Q12-18H
20% to 30%
Q24-48H
CrCl (ml/min) 10-30 <10
Dose Q12H Q24H
5 Amoclavunin 0.6gm
Hemodialysis Q24H, and during and after each hemodialysis
session
6 Ampolin inj. 500mg CrCl 10-50 mL/min, Q6-12H; <10 mL/min, Q12H
7 Anexate 0.5 mg/5 mL Liver disease: initial dose is unchanged, but repeat doses of the
drug should be reduced in size or frequency
8 Ansullina 1.5Gm CrCl 15-29 mL/min, Q12H; <5-14 mL/min, Q24H
9 Antivenin Most effective when administered within 4 hours of the bite;
but recommended up to 24 hours post-bite
CrCL (ml/min) >30 10-30 <10 10 Antifect 1gm
Dose 1 g Q12H 500 mg QD 250 mg QD
11 Aramin Hepatic insufficiency: cautious use is recommended
CrCl (ml/min) 10-30 <10
Dose Q12H Q24H
12 Augcin inj 1.2gm
Hemodialysis Q24H, and during and after each
hemodialysis session
- 335 -
342
13 Binin-U 5 mg/1 mL Geriatrics: 1-6 mg/day in 2-3 divided doses; may gradually
increase dosage in 0.5 mg/day increments
GFR (ml/min) 10-50 <10 14 Bleocin 5mg
Dose 75% 50%
15 Caverject 20 mcg Respiratory status should be monitored throughout treatment
CrCl (ml/min) 10-20 <10
Dose 750 mg Q12H 750 mg Q24H
16 Cefuroxime 750 mg
Hemodialysis Supplemental dose should be given
CrCl 35-54 11-34 <10 17 Cefacin 500mg (Veterin)
Dose 100% Q8H 50% Q12H 50% Q18-24H
18 Cephalexin 1gm CrCl < 50 mL/min, Q12H
19 Chloramphenicol 1g Renal and hepatic impairment: serum drug concentration
monitoring is recommended
20 Cinolone 200mg/100mL CrCl 5-29 mL/min, 200-400 mg Q18-24H
21 Ciproxin inj 200 mg/100 mL CrCl 5-29 mL/min, 200-400 mg Q18-24H
22 Cisplatin (Platinex) 50 mg Call physician if dose is greater than 100 mg/m
2
/cycle
GFR 10 to 50 mL/min, 75%; GFR < 10 mL/min, 50%
23 Cordarone 150 mg/3 mL Pulmonary toxicity (hypersensitivity pneumonitis or
interstitial/alveolar pneumonitis)
CrCl 20-49 10-19 Hemodialysis/CA
PD
24 Cravit 500mg/100 mL
1. Inhalational anthrax
(postexposure prophylaxis)
2. Chronic bronchitis
3. Chronic prostatitis
4. CAP (7- to 14-day regimen)
5. Sinusitis (10- to 14-day
regimen)
6. Uncomplicated skin infections
500 mg
(initially)
250 mg Q24H
500 mg
(initially)
250 mg Q48H
500 mg (initially)
250 mg Q48H
- 336 -
343
1. Nosocomial pneumonia
2. CAP (5-day regimen)
3. Complicated skin infections
4. Sinusitis (5-day regimen)
5. UTI (5-day regimen)
6. Pyelonephritis (5-day regimen)
750 mg Q48H 750 mg
(initially)
500 mg Q48H
750 mg (initially)
500 mg Q48H
1. Complicated UTI
2. Pyelonephritis (10-day regimen)
NO
adjustment
250 mg Q48H
25 Demeral Hcl 50mg/1cc GFR 10-50 mL/min: 75%; <10 mL/min: 50%
26 Dilantin (Aleviatin) 250 mg/5
mL
Geriatrics: initially 3 mg/kg/day
27 Diflucan 100 mg <50 mL/min: 50%; replace entire dose after each dialysis
session
28 Diphenhydramini 30mg/1mL MAX: 400 mg/day
GFR >50 mL/min: Q6H; 10-50 ml/min: Q6-12H; <10 ml/min:
Q12-18H
29 Dormicum 5 mg/1 mL CrCL <10 mL/min: decrease dose by 50%
30 Dobuject 250 mg/5 mL MAX dose, 40 mcg/kg/min IV
31 Dopamin 200 mg/ 5 mL MAX 50 mcg/kg/min IV
32 Dormicum 5 mg/1 mL Renal failure (CrCL < 10 mL/min) and liver disease: 50%
33 Methylergonovine 0.2 mg/1 mL MAX duration: 7 days
34 Fluanxol inj 20 mg/1 mL Hepatic dysfunction: caution
35 Flumarin 500 mg Dosage reduction may be required in patients with renal
impairment
36 Fungizone 50 mg GFR<10 mL/min, Q24-46H
37 Gelofusine MAX 20 ml/kg/day
38 Gentamycin 80mg/2mL (
)
1. Once-daily dosing: CrCl 40-60 mL/min, Q36H; CrCl 20-40
mL/min, Q48H
2. Traditional dosing: GFR >50 mL/min, 60% to 90% of
usual dose Q8-12H or 100% of usual dose Q12H-24H; 10
to 50 mL/min, 30% to 70% of usual dose Q12H or 100%
of usual dose Q24-48H; <10 mL/min, 20% to 30% of usual
dose Q24H-48H or 100% of usual dose Q48-72H
39 Haes-Steril 10% 500ml 1. Total doses should not exceed 2000 mL daily or 28
mL/kilogram (kg)
2. Avoidance in patients with renal disease with oliguria and
anuria unrelated to hypovolemia
- 337 -
344
40 Heparin Age greater than 60 years: lower dosage
41 Herbesser 50 mg Liver disease: dose reduction
42 Invanz 1g CrCl<30 mL/min: 500 mg QDI
Hemodialysis: 500 mg QDI; supplemental dose of 150 mg
after dialysis if last 500 mg dose given within 6 hr prior to
dialysis, no supplemental dose necessary if last 500 mg dose
given at least 6 hr prior to dialysis
43 Isoket 10 mg/10 mL Hemodialysis: a supplemental dose of 10-20 mg after dialysis
has been recommended
44 Isoptin (Verapamil) 5 mg/2 mL 1. Liver disease: 20% to 50% of normal dose
2. Geriatrics: give IV at slower rate
45 Keto inj 30 mg/mL
Killpain 30 mg/mL
1. >65 y/o: IM 30 mg (IV 15mg) for 1 dose or 15 mg Q6H
2. <50 kg: IM 30 mg (IV 15 mg) for 1 dose or 15 mg Q6H
3. Renal impairment: IM 30 mg (IV 15 mg) for 1 dose or 15
mg Q6H, MAX 60 mg/day
46 Ketalar 50 mg/mL 10 mL Liver disease: dose reductions with hepatic impairment due to
prolonged duration of action
47 Lasix 20 mg/2 mL 1. Renal impairment: 4 mg/min; if serum creatinine > 5
mg/dL, MAX 2.5 mg/min; MAX 1500 to 2000 mg IV/day
2. Liver disease: cirrhotic patients have a diminished diuretic
effect and may require a higher than usual dose (specific
guidelines unavailable)
CrCl (ml/min) 30-50 10-29 5-9 <5 48 Lofatin 1gm
Dose 1-2 g
Q8-12H
1-2 g
Q12-24H
0.5-1 g
Q12-24H
0.5-1 g
Q24-48H
49 Losec 40 mg Hepatic impairment: dose adjustment is recommended
50 Medazole 500 mg/100 mL GFR<10 mL/min: 50% of normal dose
Clcr >60 30-60 11-29 <11
500 mg Q12H 500 mg Q24H 500 mg Q24H 250 mg Q24H
1 g Q12H 1g Q24H 500 mg Q24H 250 mg Q24H
2 g Q12H 2g Q24H 1g Q24H 500 mg Q24H
51 Maxipime 500 mg
2 g Q8H 2g Q12H 2g Q24H 1g Q24H
52 Mepem 250 mg CrCl 26-50 mL/min, usual doseQ12H
CrCl 10-25 mL/min, one-half usual dose Q12H
CrCl < 10 mL/min, one-half usual dose Q24H
53 MgSO4 Renal insufficiency (severe): MAX 20 g/48 hours; frequent
- 338 -
345
serum magnesium monitoring recommended
54 Mitomycin-C Kyowa 10 mg Renal impairment: do not give to patients with a SCr>1.7
mg/dL; GFR<10 mL/min administer 75% of the usual dose
55 Morphine Hcl 10mg/1ml GFR 10-50 mL/min: 75% of normal dose
GFR < 10 mL/min: 50% of normal dose
Liver impairment: alter dose in cirrhotic patients
56 Octide 0.1 mg/1 mL Renal impairment: dosage adjustments may be necessary in
patients with severe renal failure requiring dialysis since the
half-life of the drug can be increased
57 Omezol inj 40 mg Hepatic impairment: dose adjustment is recommended
58 Penicillin G 3 MIU CrCl 10-50 mL/min: 75%; CrCl < 10 mL/min: 20-50%
59 Perdipine 1mg/ml Hypotension or tachycardia: IV, discontinue infusion; restart at
3 to 5 mg/hr when blood pressure and heart rate stabilize
60 Pharmorubicin 10 mg Bilirubin 1.2-3 mg/dL or AST 2 to 4 times upper limit of
normal: 50% of starting dose
Bilirubin > 3 mg/dL or AST > 4 times upper limit of normal:
25% of starting dose
Renal impairment: lower doses should be considered in severe
renal impairment (serum creatinine > 5 mg/dL)
CrCl 20-40 <20 Hemodialysis
Complicated UTI 3 g Q8H 3 g Q12H
61 Pitamycin 2gm
Serious infection 4g Q8H 4 g Q12H
MAX 2 g Q8H; 1 g
after each dialysis
session
62 Primperan inj 10 mg/2 mL CrCl l< 40 mL/min: initiate at 50% of recommended dose
Geriatric: initiate at 50% of recommended dose
63 Primacor 10mg/10ml Renal impairment: titrate to effect without exceeding a dose of
1.13 mg/kg/day IV
64 Retarpen 2.4 MIU CrCl 10-50 mL/min: 75%; CrCl < 10 mL/min: 20-50%
65 Risperdal inj. 25mg Geriatric: 25 mg IM every 2 weeks
Hepatic and renal impairment: administer titrated doses of
ORAL risperidone prior to starting IM therapy in these
patients; 0.5 mg ORALLY twice daily for one week 1 mg
twice daily ( or 2 mg once daily) in the second week12.5 mg
or 25 mg of the long-acting injection may be given IM every 2
weeks
66 Rocephin 500 mg Combined renal and hepatic impairment: NOT exceed 2 g/day
67 S-60 (Cephradine) 1 g CrCl 10-50 mL/min: 50%; CrCl < 10 mL/min: 25%
68 Sandostatin 0.1 mg/1 mL Renal impairment: dosage adjustments may be necessary in
- 339 -
346
patients with severe renal failure requiring dialysis since the
half-life of the drug can be increased
69 Sevatrim 80/400mg 5ml CrCl 15 to 30 mL/min: give one-half the usual dose
CrCl <15 mL/min: not recommended
70 Sintrix Inj. 1gm Combined renal and hepatic impairment: NOT exceed 2 g/day
CrCl 31 to 50 16-30 6-15 <5
1 g Q12H 1 g Q24H 0.5 g Q24H 0.5 g Q48H
Hemodialysis: give initial 1 g loading dose followed by 1 g
after each hemodialysis period
71 Sintum 1gm
Peritoneal dialysis: give initial 1 g IV loading dose followed by
0.5 g IV every 24 hr or add 250 mg to 2 L of dialysis fluid
CrCl >50 mL/min 10-50 <10
Q24H Q24-72H Q72-96H
Geriatrics (>60 y/o): reduced doses
72 Streptomycin 1 g
Hemodialysis: one-half normal dose recommended as
supplement after dialysis
73 Subacillin 1.5Gm CrCl 15-29 mL/min, Q12H; <5-14 mL/min, Q24H
CrCl >40 20-40 <20 hemodialysis CAPD
All
indications
3.375
g Q6H
2.25 g
Q6H
2.25 g
Q8H
2.25 g Q12H;
0.75 g after
each dialysis
2.25 g Q12H
74 Tapimycin 2.25gm
Nosocomial
pneumonia
4.5 g
Q6H
3.375
Q6H
2.25 g
Q6H
2.25 g Q8H;
0.75 g after
each dialysis
2.25 g Q8H
CrCl >80 30-80 <10
Constant
interval
400 mg Q24H 200 mg Q24H 133 mg Q24H
75 Targocid 200 mg
Constant dose 400 mg Q24H 400 mg Q48H 400 mg Q72H
CrCl 30-70 20-30 6-20 <5
Dose (IV) 50%
Q6-8H
37%
Q8-12H
25%
Q12H
NOT
recommended
IM NOT recommended with CrCl < 20
76 Tienam 500mg
Hemodialysis 25% Q12H; give dose after dialysis then every
12 hr
- 340 -
347
CrCl >60 40-60 20-40
Once-daily
dosing
Q24H Q36H Q48H
Tranditional
dosing
Give initial dose, draw at least 2 serum drug
levels
Cystic fibrosis Initiating dosing at 3 mg/kg IV every 8 hr
77 Tobra 80mg/2ml
Obese Pt Based on ideal body weight
Dosing weight = ideal body weight + 0.4 (total
body weight - ideal body weight)
78 Trandate inj 25mg/5ml Liver disease: dosage adjustments may be required
79 Tracrium 25 mg/2.5 mL Initial, 0.4 to 0.5 mg/kg IV bolus; in ICU, 11 to 13 mcg/kg/min
(range 4.5 to 29.5 mcg/kg/min) continuous IV infusion
80 Tygacil 50mg Hepatic impairment: severe (Child Pugh C), initial dose is 100
mg IV followed by 25 mg IV every 12 hours
81 Unasyn 1500mg CrCl 15-29 mL/min, Q12H; <5-14 mL/min, Q24H
82 U-Vanco 1gm
Vanco 500 mg
1. Renal impairment: 15 mg/kg as initial dose then optimal
dose and interval based on serum conc.
2. Anuric patients (adults): 1 g every 7 to 10 days
3. Obesity: use actual body weight to calculate initial dosage,
with subsequent dose adjustments based on serum conc.
83 Valium (Diazepam) 10mg/2mL Liver disease: decrease usual dose by 50%
CrCl 35-54 11-34 <10 84 Winzolin 1gm
Dose 100% Q8H 50% Q12H 50% Q18-24H
85 Zantac inj 50 mg/2 mL CrCl < 50 mL/min, 50 mg IV every 18-24 hours
86 Zofran 8 mg/4 mL Severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh score 10 or greater):
NOT exceed 8 mg/day
CrCl 25-50 10-25 <10
Dose 100% Q12H 100% Q24H 50% Q24H
Hemodialysis An additional dose after each dialysis
Peritoneal
dialysis
NO supplemental dose
87 Zovirax 250 mg
Obese
patients
IV infusion, dose at recommended adult dose
using ideal body weight
- 341 -
1 Antigluco( ) Contraindicated
2 Acerine 5mg lower dose
3 Acertil 4 mg ClCr>60 ml/min--4 mg/day
ClCr 30-60 ml/min--2 mg/day
ClCr 15-30 ml/min--2 mg/QOD
ClCr <15 ml/min--2 mg on dailysis day
4 Allopurinol 100 mg 10-20 ml/min: 200 mg
<10 ml/min: 100 mg
<3 mg/min: 100 mg at extended intervals
5 Amanda F.C. 100 mg 30-50 ml/min: 100 mg QD
15-29 ml/min: 100 mg QOD
<15 ml/min: 200 mg Q1W
6 Amaryl 2mg( ) 1 mg QD
7 Ampicillin 500 mg ClCr >50 ml/min--Q6H
ClCr 10-50 ml/min--Q6H to Q12H
ClCr <10 ml/min--Q12H to Q16H
8 Anxoken 1000mg( ) Contraindicated
9 Apresoline 50 mg >10 ml/min Q8H
<10 ml/min-- in fast acetylators Q8-16H
in slow acetylators Q12-24H
10 Augmetin 375mg 10-30 ml/min Q12H
<10 ml/min Q24H
11 Bacide (Baktar) 400 mg 15-30 ml/min: 1/2 standard regimen
<15 ml/min: not recommended
12 Baclon 10 mg lower dose
13 Baraclude 0.5mg( ) ClCr 30-50: 0.25 mg QD or 0.5 mg QOD (treatment-naive)
0.5 mg QD or 1 mg QOD
(lamivudine-refractory)
ClCr 10-30: 0.15 mg QD or 0.5 mg Q72H
(treatment-naive)
0.3 mg QD or 1 mg Q72H
ClCr <10: 0.05 mg QD or 0.5 Q7D (treatment-naive)
- 342 -
349
0.1 mg QD or 1 mg Q7D
14 Benamine 50 mg 10-50 ml/min Q6-12H; <10 ml/min Q12-18H
15 Bexolo 20 mg(_) MAX 20 mg/day
16 Biso F.C. 5mg(__) MAX: 10 mg/day
17 C.T.L. XR 500mg(_) contraindicated
18 Calbo 950mg Clcr<25 ml/min:dosage adjustments may be necessary
dependent on serum calcium levels
19 Calcium Carbonate 500mg Clcr<25 ml/min:dosage adjustments may be necessary
20 Capoten 25 mg >50 ml/min Q8-12H
10-50 ml/min 75% dose Q12-18H
<10 ml/min 50% dose QD
21 Cefadroxil 500 mg >50 ml/min Q12H
10-50 ml/min Q12-24H
<10 ml/minQ24-48H
22 Ceflexin 500 mg <50 ml/min 250-500 mg Q12H
23 Cetimin 10mg(_) 5 mg QD
24 Cetipo E.R.F.C. 1# QD in moderate renal impairment and in patients on
hemodialysis (ClCr< 30 mL/min)
25 Cimewell 400 mg(__) 10-50 ml/min 75% of the usual dose
<10 ml/min 50 % of usual dose
26 Ciproxin 250 mg 30-50 ml/min 250-500 mg Q12H
5-29 ml/min 250-500 mg Q19H
27 Clarinase <30 ml/min 1 tab QD
28 Codeine 30mg(_2) 10-50 ml/min 75%; <10 ml/min 50% of the usual dose
29 Colchicine 0.5 mg 10-50 ml/min <0.6 mg/day to every other day
<10 ml/min contraindicated
30 Concor 1.25mg** MAX: 10 mg/day
31 Concor 5mg MAX: 10 mg/day
32 Crestor 10mg ClCr<30 ml/min not on hemodialysis: starting dose should
be 5 milligrams (mg) once daily with titration not to
exceed 10 mg once daily
33 Cymbalta 30 mg lower dose and then increased gradually; not
recommended for patients with end-stage renal disease
(requiring dialysis) or severe renal impairment (ClCr<30
ml/min)
- 343 -
350
_| ___
34 Defense F.C 300 mg(__) GFR 10 to 50 ml/min: 75% of the usual dose
GFR <10 ml/min: 50% of the usual dose
35 Detrusitol 2mg Clcr 10 to 30 ml/min 2 mg/day
36 Deuron 50 mg(__) NOT recommended if GFR<20 ml/min
37 Diabitin (Euglucon) 5 mg NOT recommended in ClCr<50 ml/min
38 Diamox 250 mg GFR >50 ml/min Q6H; 10-50 ml/min Q12H; <10 ml/min
not receive
39 Diflucan 50 mg Clcr<50 ml/min 50 %
40 Dormicum 7.5 mg(_4) Clcr <10 ml/min 50 %
41 Ebixa 10mg Clcr 5-29 ml/min: 5 mg ORALLY twice daily
42 Ebutol (E.M.B 400mg) GFR 10 to 50 ml/min: Q24-36H; <10 ml/min Q48H
43 Efexor XR 37.5()(_) GFR 10-70 ml/min: 75%; hemodialysis: 50%
44 Efexor XR 75 mg GFR 10-70 ml/min: 75%; hemodialysis: 50%
45 Erymycin 250 mg MAX 2 g/day; GFR<10 ml/min 50 to 75%
46 Fenofibrate 100mg(_) Initial dose should be 50 mg QD in renal impairment
47 Fenolip 200 mg(_) Initial dose should be 50 mg QD in renal impairment
48 Fluitran 2 mg Thiazides should not be used in patients with a serum
creatinine or urea nitrogen level greater than 2.5 mg/Dl
49 Fonitec 20mg Clcr<30 ml/min: 2.5 mg/day
50 Gastrodin 200mg 10-50 ml/min 75% of the usual dose
<10 ml/min 50 % of usual dose
51 Gastro-T 30 mg GFR <10 ml/min: 50%; 10-50 ml/min: 75%
52 Genadine 10mg Clcr<30 ml/min: 10 mg QOD
53 Glimaryl 2mg(_) 1 mg QD
54 GlucoMet F.C. NOT be used in renal insufficiency
55 Glucomin X.R. 500mg contraindicated
56 Glucophage 500 mg contraindicated
57 I N A H 100 mg Clcr<10 ml/min: 50%
58 Imuran 50 mg GFR 10 to 50 ml/mi: 75% ; <10 ml/min 50%
59 Invega 3mg ClCr 50-80 mL/min: MAX 6 mg once daily
10-50 mL/min, MAX 3 mg once daily
60 Januvia 100 mg 30-50 ml/min: 50mg QD; <30: 25mg QD
61 Jia-Cal 950mg Clcr<25 ml/min:dosage adjustments may be necessary
62 Keto 10 mg Contraindicated in advanced renal impairment
63 Ketoprofen 50mg Adjustment for patients with a ClCr< 20 mL/minute
- 344 -
351
_| ___
64 K-mycin 250mg <30 ml/min halved or the dosing interval doubled
65 Lamictal 50 mg Low dose
66 Lamisil 250 mg NOT recommended in CrCl <50 ml/min
67 Lamta 50mg Low dose
68 Lanoxin (Digoxin) 0.25 mg Low dose
69 Lefenine 100 mg Low dose
70 Licodin 100 mg Low dose
71 Lidin 300 mg GFR 10 to 50 ml/min: 50 to 75%; <10 ml/min: 25 to 50%
72 Lipanthyl 200mg Initial dose should be 50 mg QD in renal impairment
73 Lipdown 300 mg GFR 10 to 50 ml/min: 50%; <10 ml/min: 25%
74 Lipolin 100mg Initial dose should be 50 mg QD in renal impairment
75 Lote 100mg Low starting dosage
76 Melicam 7.5mg 7.5 mg daily
77 Metformin 500mg(_) Contraindicated
78 Methotrexate 2.5 mg GFR10-50 ml/min: 50%; <10 ml/min: avoided
79 Metrozole 250mg GFR <10 ml/min 50%
80 Mobic 15mg The lower dose of 7.5 milligrams daily has been suggested
81 Monopril 10 mg GFR<10 ml/min: 75%-100%
82 Morphine 10 mg GFR10-50 ml/min: 75%; <10 ml/min: 50%
83 Naproxen 250 mg A reduction in daily dosage should be considered (Clcr<20
ml/min)
84 Nasaga 60mg A reduction in daily dosage should be considered (Clcr<20
ml/min)
85 Neomycin 250 mg GFR> 50 ml/min: Q6H; 10 to 50 ml/min: Q12-18H;
severe: Q18-24H
86 Nootropil 1.2gm Potential need for dose adjustments in renal insufficiency
87 Noprisil 10mg Clcr 10 to 30 mL/min: 5 mg/day; < 10 mL/min: 2.5mg/day
88 NovoNorm 1 mg CrCl 20 to 40 ml/min: starting dose 0.5 mg
89 Phenobarbital 32 mg GFR<10 ml/min:Q12-16H
90 Preterax Scored ClCr>60 ml/min--4 mg/day; 30-60 ml/min--2 mg/day;
15-30 ml/min--2 mg/QOD; <15 ml/min--2 mg on dailysis
day
91 Primperan 5 mg GFR <10 ml/min: 50%; 10-50 ml/min: 75%
92 Procal 667 mg Clcr<25 ml/min:dosage adjustments may be necessary
- 345 -
352

93 Ramitace 2.5mg < 40 ml/min (>2.5 mg/dL), oral dosing should be reduced
to approximately 25% of usual doses
94 Reminyl 8mg Moderate: < 16 mg/day; severe (creatinine clearance < 9
ml/min): not recommended
95 Renitec 20mg5 mg Clcr<30 ml/min: 2.5 mg/day
96 Rifinah INAH--Clcr<10 ml/min:50%
97 Risdon 2mg A maximum dose of 2 mg twice daily
98 Risperdal 1 mg2 mg A maximum dose of 2 mg twice daily
99 Rohypnol 1 mg Lower doses
100 Rosis (Lasix) 40 mg Patients in renal failure may require higher than usual
doses to induce diuresis
101 Sabril 500 mg Clcr<60 ml/min: Dose reductions
102 Salazopyrin 500mg Dosage of sulfonamides be adjusted in patients with
impaired renal function
103 Sandimmun 100 mg25 mg Serum creatinine is recommended to be maintained less
than or equal to 30% of baseline values
104 Sebivo 600 mg ClCr 30 to 49 mL/min: 600 mg QOD; <30 mL/min: 600
mg Q72H; ESRD requiring hemodialysis: 600 mg Q96H,
to be given after hemodialysis.
105 Sectral 400 mg Clcr<50 ml/min: 50%; Clcr<25 ml/min: 25%
106 Seromin 10mg Reduced
107 Seroxat 20mg MAX 40 mg/day
108 Setine F.C. 20mg MAX 40 mg/day
109 Simvatin 20mg Starting dose is 5 milligrams
110 Spirotone (Aldacton) 25 mg > 50 mL/min Q6-12H; 10 to 50 mL/min Q12-24; <10
ml/min avoidable
111 Supernide(Repaglinide)1mg CrCl 20 to 40 ml/min: starting dose 0.5 mg
112 Superocin(Ciprofloxacin)250 mg 30-50 ml/min 250-500 mg Q12H; 5-29 ml/min 250-500
mg Q18H
113 Surgam 200 mg Slight reduction in the normal dose or by increasing the
dosing interval
114 Tamiflu 75mg Clcr10-30 ml/min:treatment--75 mg/day; prophylaxis--75
mg QOD or 30 mgQD
115 Tenolol (Ateol) 100 mg Dose reductions are necessary
116 Tenormin 100 mg Dose reductions are necessary
- 346 -
353

117 Tetracycline (Achromycin)
250mg
> 50 ml/min Q8-12H; 10 to 50 ml/min Q12-24H; < 10
ml/min Q24H, but is best avoided in these patients
118 Topamax 100mg25mg One half of the usual adult dose is recommended
119 Tramal SR 100 mg Do not use extended-release tramadol in patients with
severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance less than 30
mL/min).
120 Trileptal 300mg < 30 ml/min: initiated at 300mg/day, one-half the usual
starting dose, and increased at a slower rate than usual
based on clinical response
121 Ulstop (Famotidine) 20 mg Clcr<50 ml/min: 50% or Q36-48H
122 Uridin F.C. 2mg Clcr 10 to 30 ml/min 2 mg/day
123 Viagra 100 mg50 mg Clcr<30 ml/min: 25 mg (starting dose)
124 Weidos 300mg Clcr<50 ml/min: 150 mg/day
125 Winlex(Cephalxin 500 mg) <50 ml/min 250-500 mg Q12H
126 Zestril 10 mg Clcr 10 to 30 mL/min: 5 mg/day; < 10 mL/min: 2.5mg/day
127 Zocor 40mg Starting dose is 5 mg
- 347 -
3
5
4
[
[
[
[
[
[
[
[

))) )
jjj j

_
[
)
,
@
=
(
_
[
)
,
@
=
(
_
[
)
,
@
=
(
_
[
)
,
@
=
(

,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

A
c
t
i
l
y
s
e

5
0

m
g
/
5
0
m
L

M
i
l
l
i
s
r
o
l

5
m
g
/
1
0
m
l
,

N
i
t
r
o
s
t
a
t

(
N
.

T
.

G
.
)

0
.
6

m
g

I
m
p
a
i
r
m
e
n
t

o
f

t
h
e

t
h
r
o
m
b
o
l
y
t
i
c

e
f
f
e
c
t

A
d
r
e
n
a
l
i
n

(
E
p
i
n
e
p
h
r
i
n
e
)

1
m
g
/
1
m
L

I
n
d
e
r
a
l

1
0
m
g
,

4
0
m
g

(
C
a
r
d
o
l
o
l
)

R
e
f
l
e
x

b
r
a
d
y
c
a
r
d
i
a

A
m
i
n
o
g
l
y
c
o
s
i
d
e
s

(
T
o
b
r
a

8
0
m
g
/
2
m
l
,

S
t
r
e
p
t
o
m
y
c
i
n

1

g
,

G
e
n
t
a
m
y
c
i
n
,

A
m
i
n
f
e
c

1
2
5
m
g
/
m
l

2
m
L
)

L
a
s
i
x

A
u
d
i
t
o
r
y

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

B
i
n
i
n
-
U

(
H
a
l
d
o
l
)

5

m
g
,

5

m
g
/
1

m
L
,

U
-
D
o
l
a
n

5
0
m
g
/
m
L

L
i
d
i
n

3
0
0

m
g

E
x
t
r
a
p
y
r
a
m
i
d
a
l

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

C
o
l
c
h
i
c
i
n
e

0
.
5

m
g

K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g
,

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g

C
o
l
c
h
i
c
i
n
e

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e

A
v
e
l
o
x
,

C
r
a
v
i
t

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e

F
e
n
t
a
n
y
l

0
.
0
5
m
g
/
m
L

2
m
L

B
r
a
d
y
c
a
r
d
i
a
,

s
i
n
u
s

a
r
r
e
s
t
,

h
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

C
o
r
t
i
c
o
s
t
e
r
o
i
d
s

(
M
e
d
n
i
n

4
m
g
,

M
e
t
h
a
s
o
n
(
D
e
c
a
d
r
o
n
)

5

m
g
/
1

m
L
,

S
h
i
n
c
o
r
t

1
0

m
g
/
1
m
L
,

M
e
t
h
y
l
p
r
e
d
n
i
s
o
l
o
n
e

4
0
m
g
,

S
o
l
u
-
M
e
d
r
o
l

1
2
5

m
g
,

S
o
l
u
-
C
o
r
t
e
f

1
0
0

m
g
,

P
r
e
d
n
i
s
o
l
o
n
e

5

m
g
)

R
i
f
a
m
p
i
n
,

R
i
f
i
n
a
h

C
o
r
t
i
c
o
s
t
e
r
o
i
d
s

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

m
a
y

b
e

d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

D
e
m
e
r
a
l

H
c
l

5
0
m
g
/
1
c
c
(
((( (
2
)
(

)
P
a
r
k
r
y
l

5

m
g

W
i
t
h
d
r
a
w
a
l

o
f

M
A
O
I

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

- 348 -
3
5
5
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

D
o
p
a
m
i
n

2
0
0

m
g
/

5

m
L

D
i
l
a
n
t
i
n

H
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,

c
a
r
d
i
a
c

a
r
r
e
s
t

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

E
r
g
o
t

a
l
k
a
l
o
i
d
s

(
E
l
m
e
s
a
t
t

2
m
g
,

H
o
d
r
i
n

1
.
5

m
g
,

S
e
g
l
o
r

R
e
t
a
r
d

5

m
g
)

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g

P
e
r
i
p
h
e
r
a
l

i
s
c
h
e
m
i
a

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0

m
g

A
v
e
l
o
x

R
i
s
k

o
f

c
a
r
d
i
a
c

a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
a
s

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

G
e
o
d
o
n

6
0
m
g

A
v
e
l
o
x
,

C
r
a
v
i
t

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

G
e
o
d
o
n

6
0
m
g

C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

G
e
o
d
o
n

6
0
m
g

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

G
e
o
d
o
n

6
0
m
g

M
o
r
e
f
i
n
e

(
W
i
n
t
e
r
m
i
n
)

1
0
0

m
g

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

H
M
G
-
C
o
A

R
e
d
u
c
t
a
s
e

(
C
a
d
u
e
t

5

m
g
/
1
0
m
g
,

C
r
e
s
t
o
r

1
0
m
g
,

L
e
s
c
o
l

4
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
i
t
o
r

4
0
m
g
,

L
o
v
a
s
t
a

2
0
m
g
,

S
i
m
v
a
t
i
n

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
c
o
r

4
0
m
g
)

K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g
,

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n
2
5
0
m
g
,

Z
i
t
h
r
o
m
a
x

2
5
0
m
g

S
e
v
e
r
e

m
y
o
p
a
t
h
y

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

H
M
G
-
C
o
A

R
e
d
u
c
t
a
s
e

(
C
a
d
u
e
t

5

m
g
/
1
0
m
g
,

C
r
e
s
t
o
r

1
0
m
g
,

L
e
s
c
o
l

4
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
i
t
o
r

4
0
m
g
,

L
o
v
a
s
t
a

2
0
m
g
,

S
i
m
v
a
t
i
n

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
c
o
r

4
0
m
g
)

F
e
n
o
f
i
b
r
a
t
e

1
0
0
m
g
,

F
e
n
o
l
i
p

2
0
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
a
n
t
h
y
l

2
0
0
m
g
,

L
i
p
d
o
w
n

3
0
0
m
g
,

L
i
p
o
l
i
n

1
0
0
m
g

S
e
v
e
r
e

m
y
o
p
a
t
h
y

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

H
M
G
-
C
o
A

R
e
d
u
c
t
a
s
e

(
C
a
d
u
e
t

5

m
g
/
1
0
m
g
,

C
r
e
s
t
o
r

1
0
m
g
,

L
e
s
c
o
l

4
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
i
t
o
r

4
0
m
g
,

L
o
v
a
s
t
a

2
0
m
g
,

S
i
m
v
a
t
i
n

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
c
o
r

4
0
m
g
)

S
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n

1
0
0

m
g
,

2
5

m
g

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

s
i
d
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

(
r
h
a
b
d
o
m
y
o
l
y
s
i
s
)

I

N

A

H

1
0
0

m
g

R
i
f
a
m
p
i
n

3
0
0

m
g
,

4
5
0

m
g

H
e
p
a
t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

- 349 -
3
5
6
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

I
m
u
r
a
n

5
0

m
g

A
l
l
o
p
u
r
i
n
o
l

1
0
0

m
g

T
o
x
i
c

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

t
h
i
o
p
u
r
i
n
e
s

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

I
n
d
e
r
a
l

1
0
m
g
(
C
a
r
d
o
l
o
l
)

M
o
r
e
f
i
n
e

(
W
i
n
t
e
r
m
i
n
)

1
0
0

m
g

B
o
t
h

d
r
u
g
s

m
a
y

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

K
C
L

1
5
%

5

m
L
,

S
l
o
w

-

k

6
0
0

m
g

S
p
i
r
o
t
o
n
e

(
A
l
d
a
c
t
o
n
)

2
5

m
g

S
e
v
e
r
e

h
y
p
e
r
k
a
l
e
m
i
a

K
e
t
o
,

K
i
l
l
p
a
i
n

3
0

m
g
/
m
L

B
o
k
e
y

1
0
0

m
g
,

T
a
p
a
l

1
0
0

m
g

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

o
f

s
i
d
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e
,

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g
,

R
y
t
m
o
n
o
r
m

1
5
0

m
g

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

V
e
r
a
p
a
m
i
l

(
I
s
o
p
t
i
n
)

5

m
g
/
2

m
L
,

V
e
r
e
l
a
n

1
2
0

m
g

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

L
a
s
i
x

I
n
d
u
c
e
d

a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
a
s

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

T
h
i
a
z
i
d
e

d
i
u
r
e
t
i
c
s

(
P
l
u
s

A
c
e
r
t
i
l

4
m
g
/
1
.
2
5
m
g
,

C
o
a
p
r
o
v
e
l

1
5
0
/
1
2
.
5
m
g
,

C
o
-
D
i
o
v
a
n

8
0

/
1
2
.
5
,

E
s
i
d
r
i
,

F
l
u
i
t
r
a
n

2

m
g
,

H
y
z
a
a
r
,

I
n
d
a
x

S
R

1
.
5
m
g
,

M
I
C
A
R
D
I
S

P
L
U
S

4
0
/
1
2
.
5

m
g
,

M
y
k
r
o
x

0
.
5

m
g
,

N
a
t
r
i
l
i
x

S
R

1
.
5

m
g
)

I
n
d
u
c
e
d

a
r
r
h
y
t
h
m
i
a
s

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

T
e
t
r
a
c
y
c
l
i
n
e

(
A
c
h
r
o
m
y
c
i
n
)

2
5
0
m
g
,

D
o
x
y
m
y
c
i
n

1
0
0
m
g
,

M
i
n
o
c
y
c
l
i
n
e

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

(
E
r
y
t
h
r
o
m
y
c
i
n
)

2
5
0

m
g
,

K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

S
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n

1
0
0

m
g
,

2
5

m
g

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

L
a
n
o
x
i
n

(
D
i
g
o
x
i
n
)

0
.
2
5

m
g
(
)

S
e
t
i
n
e
,

S
e
r
o
x
a
t

D
i
g
o
x
i
n

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

- 350 -
3
5
7
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

M
e
s
t
i
n
o
n

6
0

m
g

C
o
r
t
i
c
o
s
t
e
r
o
i
d
s

(
M
e
d
n
i
n

4
m
g
,

M
e
t
h
a
s
o
n

5

m
g
/
1

m
L
,

S
h
i
n
c
o
r
t
1
0

m
g
/
1
m
L
,

M
e
t
h
y
l
p
r
e
d
n
i
s
o
l
o
n
e

4
0
m
g
,

S
o
l
u
-
M
e
d
r
o
l

1
2
5

m
g
,

S
o
l
u
-
C
o
r
t
e
f

1
0
0

m
g
,

P
r
e
d
n
i
s
o
l
o
n
e

5

m
g
)

A
n
t
a
g
o
n
i
z
e

t
h
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

a
n
t
i
c
h
o
l
i
n
e
s
t
e
r
a
s
e
s

M
e
t
h
o
t
r
e
x
a
t
e
P
e
n
i
c
i
l
l
i
n
s

(
A
u
g
m
e
n
t
i
n
,

A
m
o
c
l
a
v
u
n
i
n

0
.
6
g
m
,

A
u
g
c
i
n

i
n
j

1
.
2
g
m
,

A
m
p
o
l
i
n

i
n
j
.

5
0
0
m
g
,

P
e
n
i
c
i
l
l
i
n

G

3

M
I
U
,

P
i
t
a
m
y
c
i
n

2
g
m
,

P
r
o
s
t
a
p
h
l
i
n
5
0
0

m
g
,

U
n
a
s
y
n

1
5
0
0
m
g
,

S
u
b
a
c
i
l
l
i
n

1
5
0
0

m
g
,

A
m
p
i
c
i
l
l
i
n

5
0
0

m
g
,

C
l
o
x
a
c
i
l
l
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

S
u
p
e
r
c
i
l
l
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
)

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

M
T
X

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

M
e
t
h
o
t
r
e
x
a
t
e
N
S
A
I
D

(
K
e
t
o
,

K
e
t
o
p
r
o
f
e
n
,

K
i
l
l
p
a
i
n

3
0

m
g
/
m
L
,

C
a
t
a
f
l
a
m

2
5

m
g
,

E
r
i
c

S
R

6
0
0

m
g
,

I
n
d
a
l
g
i
n

(
I
n
d
o
m
e
t
h
a
c
i
n
)

2
5

m
g
,

M
e
i
t
i
f
e
n

S
.
R
.
F
.
C

7
5
m
g
,

L
a
c
o
x
a

4
0
0

m
g
,

L
a
b
u
t
o
n

F
.
C

5
0
0

m
g
,

N
a
p
o
s
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

P
e
i
f
l
a
m

5
0
m
g
,

S
u
l
o
r
i
l

2
0
0

m
g
,

V
o
r
e
n

E
.
M
.
C
.

5
0

m
g
)

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

M
T
X

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

- 351 -
3
5
8
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

M
e
t
h
o
t
r
e
x
a
t
e

B
a
c
i
d
e

(
B
a
k
t
a
r
)

4
0
0

m
g

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

M
T
X

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

M
e
t
h
o
t
r
e
x
a
t
e
S
a
l
i
c
y
l
a
t
e
s

(
B
o
k
e
y

1
0
0

m
g
,

T
a
p
a
l

1
0
0

m
g
)

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

M
T
X

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

M
e
t
h
o
t
r
e
x
a
t
e

S
a
l
a
z
o
p
y
r
i
n

5
0
0
m
g

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

M
T
X

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

N
i
t
r
a
t
e
s

(
I
s
m
o
-
2
0

2
0

m
g
,

I
s
o
k
e
t

1
0

m
g
/
1
0

m
L
,

N
i
t
r
o
g
l
y
c
e
r
i
n
)

C
i
a
l
i
s

2
0
m
g
,

L
e
v
i
t
r
a

2
0
m
g
,

V
i
a
g
r
a

5
0

m
g
,

1
0
0

m
g

S
e
v
e
r
e

h
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

N
o
n
d
e
p
o
l
.

m
u
s
c
l
e

r
e
l
a
x
a
n
t
s

(
T
r
a
c
r
i
u
m

2
5

m
g
/
2
.
5

m
L
,

P
a
v
u
l
o
n

4

m
g
/
2

m
L
,

E
s
m
e
r
o
n
)
A
m
i
n
o
g
l
y
c
o
s
i
d
e
s

(
T
o
b
r
a

8
0
m
g
/
2
m
l
,

S
t
r
e
p
t
o
m
y
c
i
n

1

g
,

G
e
n
t
a
m
y
c
i
n
,

A
m
i
n
f
e
c

1
2
5
m
g
/
m
l

2
m
L
,

N
e
o
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0

m
g

P
O
)

R
e
s
i
r
a
t
o
r
y

d
e
p
r
e
s
s
i
o
n

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
S
a
l
i
c
y
l
a
t
e
s

(
B
o
k
e
y

1
0
0

m
g
,

T
a
p
a
l

1
0
0

m
g
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

m
a
y

b
e

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
N
S
A
I
D

(
K
e
t
o
,

K
e
t
o
p
r
o
f
e
n
,

K
i
l
l
p
a
i
n
,

C
a
t
a
f
l
a
m

2
5

m
g
,

E
r
i
c

S
R

6
0
0

m
g
,

L
a
c
o
x
a

4
0
0

m
g
,

I
n
d
a
l
g
i
n

2
5

m
g
,

L
e
f
e
n
i
n
e

1
0
0

m
g
,

M
e
i
t
i
f
e
n

S
.
R
.
F
.
C

7
5
m
g
,

L
a
b
u
t
o
n

F
.
C

5
0
0

m
g
,

N
a
p
o
s
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

P
e
i
f
l
a
m

5
0
m
g
,

S
u
l
o
r
i
l

2
0
0

m
g
,

V
o
r
e
n

E
.
M
.
C
.

5
0

m
g
)
I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

a
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
C
O
X
-
2

s
e
l
e
c
t
i
v
e

(
C
e
l
e
b
r
e
x

2
0
0
m
g
)

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

a
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

a
c
t
i
v
i
t
y

- 352 -
3
5
9
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(

)
A
n
t
i
n
e
o
p
l
a
s
t
i
c

a
g
e
n
t
s

(
5
-
F
l
u
o
r
o
u
r
a
c
i
l

1
0
0
0
m
g
,

G
e
m
z
a
r

2
0
0

m
g
,

E
n
d
o
x
a
n
-
A
s
t
a
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)

P
h
e
n
o
b
a
r
b
i
t
a
l

3
2

m
g
(
((( (
4
)

R
e
d
u
c
e

t
h
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

o
f

a
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t
s

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e

H
y
p
o
p
r
o
t
h
r
o
m
b
i
n
e
m
i
c

e
f
f
e
c
t

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g

H
e
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e

c
o
u
l
d

o
c
c
u
r

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
A
z
o
l
e

a
n
t
i
f
u
n
g
a
l

a
g
e
n
t
s

(
D
i
f
l
u
c
a
n
,

K
e
t
a
z
o
l
e

2
0
0

m
g
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
Q
u
i
n
o
l
o
n
e
s

(
C
i
p
r
o
x
i
n
,

S
u
p
e
r
o
c
i
n
,

C
i
n
o
l
o
n
e
,

C
r
a
v
i
t
,

A
v
e
l
o
x
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
T
e
t
r
a
c
y
c
l
i
n
e
s

(
T
e
t
r
a
c
y
c
l
i
n
e
2
5
0
m
g
,

D
o
x
y
m
y
c
i
n

1
0
0
m
g
,

M
i
n
o
c
y
c
l
i
n
e
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
M
a
c
r
o
l
i
d
e

a
n
t
i
b
i
o
t
i
c
s

(
K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g
,

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

Z
i
t
h
r
o
m
a
x

2
5
0

m
g
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
S
u
l
f
o
n
a
m
i
d
e
s

(
B
a
c
i
d
e

4
0
0

m
g
,

S
e
v
a
t
r
i
m
)
A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
C
i
m
e
t
i
d
i
n
e

(
C
i
m
e
w
e
l
l

4
0
0

m
g
,

D
e
f
e
n
s
e

F
.
C

3
0
0

m
g
,

G
a
s
t
r
o
d
i
n
)

P
o
s
s
i
b
l
e

h
e
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e

- 353 -
3
6
0
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
F
i
b
r
i
c

a
c
i
d
s

(
F
e
n
o
f
i
b
r
a
t
e

1
0
0
m
g
,

F
e
n
o
l
i
p

2
0
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
a
n
t
h
y
l

2
0
0
m
g
,

L
i
p
d
o
w
n

3
0
0

m
g
,

L
i
p
o
l
i
n

1
0
0
m
g
)

M
a
y

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e

t
h
e

h
y
p
o
p
r
o
t
h
r
o
m
b
i
n
e
m
i
c

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
E
l
t
r
o
x
i
n

1
0
0

m
c
g

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

a
c
t
i
o
n

m
a
y

b
e

c
h
a
n
g
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
T
h
i
o
a
m
i
n
e
s

(
H
o
n
t
a
n
,

P
r
o
c
i
l

5
0

m
g
)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

a
c
t
i
o
n

m
a
y

b
e

c
h
a
n
g
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)

M
e
t
r
o
z
o
l
e

2
5
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
(

)

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
S
a
l
a
z
o
p
y
r
i
n

5
0
0
m
g

A
n
t
i
c
o
a
g
u
l
a
n
t

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

e
n
h
a
n
c
e
d

O
r
f
a
r
i
n
(
C
o
u
m
a
d
i
n
)

5

m
g
(
)
S
u
l
f
i
n
p
y
r
a
z
o
n
e

1
0
0
m
g

H
e
m
o
r
r
h
a
g
e

c
o
u
l
d

o
c
c
u
r

P
e
n
i
c
i
l
l
i
n
s

(
A
m
o
c
l
a
v
u
n
i
n

0
.
6
g
m
,

A
m
p
i
c
i
l
l
i
n

5
0
0

m
g
,

A
m
p
o
l
i
n

i
n
j
.

5
0
0
m
g
,

A
n
s
u
l
l
i
n
a

1
.
5
G
m
,

A
u
g
c
i
n

i
n
j

1
.
2
g
m
,

A
u
g
m
e
n
t
i
n
,

C
l
o
x
a
c
i
l
l
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

P
e
n
i
c
i
l
l
i
n

G

3

M
I
U
,

P
i
t
a
m
y
c
i
n

2
g
m
,

P
r
o
s
t
a
p
h
l
i
n
,

S
u
b
a
c
i
l
l
i
n
,

S
u
p
e
r
c
i
l
l
i
n

2
5
0

m
g
,

U
n
a
s
y
n

1
5
0
0
m
g
)
T
e
t
r
a
c
y
c
l
i
n
e

(
A
c
h
r
o
m
y
c
i
n
)

2
5
0
m
g
,

D
o
x
y
m
y
c
i
n

1
0
0
m
g
,

M
i
n
o
c
y
c
l
i
n
e
)

A
c
t
i
o
n

o
f

p
e
n
i
c
i
l
l
i
n
s

c
o
u
l
d

b
e

r
e
d
u
c
e
d

P
l
a
v
i
x

7
5
m
g

B
o
k
e
y

1
0
0

m
g
,

T
a
p
a
l

1
0
0

m
g

I
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

r
i
s
k

o
f

s
i
d
e

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

P
r
o
g
e
s
t
i
n
s

(
U
t
r
o
g
e
s
t
a
n

1
0
0

m
g
,

P
r
i
m
o
l
u
t
-
N
o
r

5

m
g
,

P
r
o
v
e
r
a

5

m
g
,

P
r
o
g
y
l
u
t
o
n
,

T
r
i
s
e
q
u
e
n
s
,

I
n
d
i
v
i
n
a
)

R
i
f
a
m
p
i
n
,

R
i
f
i
n
a
h

P
r
o
g
e
s
t
i
n

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

m
a
y

b
e

d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g

A
v
e
l
o
x
,

C
r
a
v
i
t

P
r
o
l
o
n
g

Q
T
c

i
n
t
e
r
v
a
l

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g

C
o
r
d
a
r
o
n
e

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

- 354 -
3
6
1
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

Q
u
i
n
i
d
i
n
e

2
0
0

m
g

V
e
r
a
p
a
m
i
l
,

V
e
r
e
l
a
n

1
2
0

m
g
*
*

H
y
p
o
t
e
n
s
i
o
n
,

b
r
a
d
y
c
a
r
d
i
a
,

A
V
b
l
o
c
k

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
l

1
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
D
e
m
e
r
a
l

H
c
l

5
0
m
g
/
1
c
c

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
l

1
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

r
e
u
p
t
a
k
e

i
n
h
i
b
i
t
o
r
s

(
E
f
e
x
o
r

X
R
,

Y
o
u
-
J
e
t

5
0

m
g
,

U
-
Z
e
t

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
l
o
f
t

5
0

m
g
)

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
l

1
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
E
r
g
o
t

a
l
k
a
l
o
i
d
s

(
E
l
m
e
s
a
t
t

2
m
g
,

H
o
d
r
i
n

1
.
5

m
g
,

S
e
g
l
o
r

R
e
t
a
r
d

5

m
g
)
S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
l

1
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
F
u
c
o
u
,

D
e
l
c
o
p
a
n

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
e
d
u
c
t
i
l

1
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
L
i
d
i
n

3
0
0

m
g

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

R
i
s
d
o
n

2
m
g
,

R
i
s
p
e
r
d
a
l

S
e
r
o
x
a
t

2
0
m
g
,

S
e
t
i
n
e

F
.
C
.

2
0
m
g

R
i
s
p
e
r
i
d
o
n
e

c
o
n
c
.
m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

R
o
c
e
p
h
i
n

5
0
0

m
g
,

S
i
n
t
r
i
x

I
n
j
.

1
g
m

1
0
%

C
a
l
g
l
o
n

(
C
a
l

G
l
u
c
o
n
a
t
e
)
,

L
-
R
i
n
g
e
r

5
0
0

m
L
,

R
i
n
g
e
r

5
0
0

m
L

,
)
(
_
,
,
{
+
[
}
[
,
)
(
_
,
,
{
+
[
}
[
,
)
(
_
,
,
{
+
[
}
[
,
)
(
_
,
,
{
+
[
}
[
S
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n

D
i
l
a
n
t
i
n

C
y
c
l
o
s
p
o
r
i
n
e

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

S
a
n
d
i
m
m
u
n

R
i
f
a
m
p
i
n
,

R
i
f
i
n
a
h

C
y
c
l
o
s
p
o
r
i
n
e

c
o
n
c
.

m
a
y

b
e

d
e
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

r
e
u
p
t
a
k
e

i
n
h
i
b
i
t
o
r
s

(
K
i
t
a
p
r
a
m

2
0
m
g
,

L
e
x
a
p
r
o

1
0
m
g
,

L
o
t
e
,

S
e
t
i
n
e

F
.
C
.

2
0
m
g
,

S
e
r
o
x
a
t

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
l
o
f
t

5
0

m
g
,

Y
o
u
-
J
e
t

5
0

m
g
,

U
-
Z
e
t

2
0
m
g
,

U
l
t
i
d
e
p

2
0
m
g
,

E
f
e
x
o
r

X
R
)

T
r
a
m
a
l

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

- 355 -
3
6
2
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

r
e
u
p
t
a
k
e

i
n
h
i
b
i
t
o
r
s

(
K
i
t
a
p
r
a
m

2
0
m
g
,

L
e
x
a
p
r
o

1
0
m
g
,

L
o
t
e
,

S
e
t
i
n
e

F
.
C
.

2
0
m
g
,

S
e
r
o
x
a
t

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
l
o
f
t

5
0

m
g
,

Y
o
u
-
J
e
t

5
0

m
g
,

U
-
Z
e
t

2
0
m
g
,

U
l
t
i
d
e
p

2
0
m
g
,

E
f
e
x
o
r

X
R
)

Z
y
v
o
x

6
0
0
m
g
/
3
0
0
m
L

(
___ _
)
S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

r
e
u
p
t
a
k
e

i
n
h
i
b
i
t
o
r
s

(
K
i
t
a
p
r
a
m

2
0
m
g
,

L
e
x
a
p
r
o

1
0
m
g
,

L
o
t
e
,

S
e
t
i
n
e

F
.
C
.

2
0
m
g
,

S
e
r
o
x
a
t

2
0
m
g
,

Z
o
l
o
f
t

5
0

m
g
,

Y
o
u
-
J
e
t

5
0

m
g
,

U
-
Z
e
t

2
0
m
g
,

U
l
t
i
d
e
p

2
0
m
g
,

E
f
e
x
o
r

X
R
,

C
y
m
b
a
l
t
a

3
0
m
g
)

P
a
r
k
r
y
l

5

m
g

S
e
r
o
t
o
n
i
n

s
y
n
d
r
o
m
e

m
a
y

o
c
c
u
r

S
p
i
r
o
t
o
n
e

(
A
l
d
a
c
t
o
n
)

2
5

m
g

A
C
E

I
n
h
i
b
i
t
o
r
s

(
A
c
e
r
t
i
l

4

m
g
,

P
l
u
s

A
c
e
r
t
i
l

4
m
g
/
1
.
2
5
m
g
,

C
a
p
o
t
e
n

2
5

m
g
,

F
o
n
i
t
e
c

2
0
m
g
,

M
o
n
o
p
r
i
l

1
0

m
g
,

N
o
p
r
i
s
i
l

1
0
m
g
,

R
a
m
i
t
a
c
e

2
.
5
m
g
,

R
e
n
i
t
e
c
,

T
a
n
a
t
r
i
l

5
m
g
,

Z
e
s
t
r
i
l

1
0

m
g
)
S
e
v
e
r
e

h
y
p
e
r
k
a
l
e
m
i
a

S
p
i
r
o
t
o
n
e

(
A
l
d
a
c
t
o
n
)

2
5

m
g

A
R
B

(
B
l
o
p
r
e
s
s
,

A
p
r
o
v
e
l
,

C
o
a
p
r
o
v
e
l
,

D
i
o
v
a
n
,

C
o
-
d
i
o
v
a
n
,

C
o
z
a
a
r
,

H
y
z
a
a
r
,

M
i
c
a
r
d
i
s

(
P
l
u
s
)
,

O
l
m
e
t
i
c
)

S
e
r
u
m

p
o
t
a
s
s
i
u
m

T
e
g
r
e
t
o
l

2
0
0

m
g
,

T
r
i
l
e
p
t
a
l

3
0
0
m
g

K
-
m
y
c
i
n

2
5
0
m
g

C
a
r
b
a
m
a
z
e
p
i
n
e

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

T
e
g
r
e
t
o
l

2
0
0

m
g
,

T
r
i
l
e
p
t
a
l

3
0
0
m
g

E
r
y
m
y
c
i
n

(
E
r
y
t
h
r
o
m
y
c
i
n
)

2
5
0

m
g

C
a
r
b
a
m
a
z
e
p
i
n
e

t
o
x
i
c
i
t
y

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

- 356 -
3
6
3
,
1

,
2

_
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
[
)
;
-
a
d
r
e
n
e
r
g
i
c

b
l
o
c
k
e
r
s

(
T
e
z
o
p
i
n

2
m
g
,

T
a
m
s
o

S
R

0
.
2
m
g
,

W
e
s
o
n

2
m
g
,

H
a
r
n
a
l
i
d
g
e

D

0
.
2
m
g
,

D
o
s
a
b
i
n

2

m
g
,

D
o
x
a
b
e
n

2

m
g
,

D
o
x
a
b
e
n

X
L
,

X
a
t
r
a
l

X
L
)
C
i
a
l
i
s

2
0
m
g
(
___ _
)
B
P
-
l
o
w
e
r
i
n
g

e
f
f
e
c
t

m
a
y

b
e

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

-
b
l
o
c
e
r
s

(
T
e
n
o
l
o
l

1
0
0

m
g
,

T
e
n
o
r
m
i
n

1
0
0

m
g
,

S
e
c
t
r
a
l

4
0
0

m
g
,

I
n
d
e
r
a
l

1
0
m
g
,

4
0
m
g
,
B
e
x
o
l
o

2
0

m
g
)

V
e
r
a
p
a
m
i
l

(
I
s
o
p
t
i
n
)

5

m
g
/
2

m
L
,

V
e
r
e
l
a
n

1
2
0

m
g

B
o
t
h

d
r
u
g
s

m
a
y

i
n
c
r
e
a
s
e
d

e
f
f
e
c
t
s

F
r
o
m

D
r
u
g

I
n
t
e
r
a
c
t
i
o
n

F
a
c
t
s

2
0
0
8

- 357 -
364
, , , , ,_,],___ ,_,],___ ,_,],___ ,_,],___
, , , , ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ,___ ,___ ,___ ,___
Amikacin
Peak 20-30g/mL
Trough 5-10g/mL
Peak 30 ,|,;_30 ,
|,_-
Trough ,10 ,
1-2 days
penicillins (
carbenicillin) ,)
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Peak 4-8g/mL
Trough 0.5-2g/mL
Peak 30 ,|,;_30
,|,_-
Trough ,30 ,
1-2 days
Vancomycin
Peak 20-30g/mL
Trough 5-15g/mL
Peak |,;_2
Trough ,
1-2 days
Phenytoin
(Dilantin)
10-20g/mL
6-14g/mL (<3 }_
Steady state _,_,__
-_
Peak +g_1.5-3
Trough ,
-
<1yr: 5days
)+g{
__,trough
Phenobarbital
(Luminal)
15-40g/mL Steady state _,_,__
10 _
Peak +g_6-18
Trough ,
10 )+g{
__,trough
Carbamaze-
pine
(Tegretol)
2-6 _
Trough ,
2-6 days )+g{
__,trough
Valproic acid
(Depakine)
2-4 _
Trough ,
2-4 days )+g{
__,trough
Digoxin
(Lanoxin)
0.9-2.2ng/mL Steady state _,_,__
5-7 _
Trough ,
}+g_6 - 8 ,_4 - 6
5-7 days )+g{

__,trough
Lithium
(Lidin)
0.4-1.5 mEq/L Steady state _,_,__
3-5 _
Trough ,
3-5 days )+g{
__,trough
Theophylline 5-15g/mL
6-11g/mL (]_
Steady state _,_,__
2 _<1 (5 days
Peak _+g_2
_+g_4 ,}_\
}
Trough ,
2-5 days )+g{
__,trough
- 358 -
366

Creatinine clearance formulas
Formulas for estimating creatinine clearance in patients with stable renal
function
Adults [age 18 years and older]
(140-Age)(Weight)
Cl
cr
(Females)0.85 Above value
Where
Cl
cr
=creatinine clearance in ml/min
Crs=serum creatinine in mg/dl
Age is in years
Weight is in kg
Children [age 1-18years]
0.48(Height)(BSA)
Where
BSA=body surface area in m
2
Cl
cr
=creatinine clearance in ml/min
Crs=serum creatinine in mg/dl
Height is in cm
Formula for estimating creatinine clearance from a measured urine collection
Where
Uconcentration of creatinine in a urine specimen (in same units as P)
Vvolume of urine in ml
Pconcentration of creatinine in serum at the midpoint of the urine collection period
(in same units as U)
ttime of the urine collection period in minutes
Cl
cr
(Males)
Cr
s
72
Clcr (Males)
Crs 1.73
CLcr (ml/min)
U V
P t
- 359 -
367
Ideal body weight
IBW is the weight expected for a nonobese person of a given height. The IBW
formulas below and various life insurance tables can be used to estimate IBW. Most
dosing methods described in the literature use IBW as a method in dosing obese
patients.
Adults [age 18 years and older]
IBW (Males)=50(2.3height in inches over 5 feet)
IBW (Females)45.5(2.3height in inches over 5 feet)
Where IBW is in kg.
Children [age 1-18 years]
Under 5 feet tall:
IBW
Where
IBW is in kg;
Height is in cm.
5 feet or taller:
IBW (males)39(2.27height in inches over 5 feet)
IBW (females)42.2(2.27height in inches over 5 feet)
Where IBW is in kg
(Height
2
1.65)
1000
- 360 -
,. ,. ,. ,.
z) z) z) z)
Laboratory Test Reference Range for Adults
Acid phosphatase 0-8 IU/L
Acrivated partial thromboplastin time
(aPTT)
25-40 sec
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
(ACTH)
15-80 pg/mL
Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) 5-35 IU/L
Albumin 3.5-5.0 g/dL
Alkaline phosphatase 30-120 IU/L
Alpha-fetoprotin (AFP) 0-20 ng/mL
Ammonia 15-45 mg/dL
Amylase 0-130 IU/L
Anion gap 8-16 mEq/L
Antidouble-stranded DNA (anti-ds DNA) Negative
Anti-HAV Negative
Anti-HBc Negative
Anti-HBs Negative
Anti-HCV Negative
Anti-Sm antibody Negative
Antinuclear antibody (ANA) Negative at 1:20 dilution
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) 5-40 IU/L
2
-microglobulin 0.6-2.0 mg/dL
Bilirubin, direct 0.1-0.3 mg/dL
Bilirubin , indirect 0.1-1.0 mg/dL
Bilirubin , total 0.1-1.2 mg/dL
Bleeding time 3-7 min
Blood gases, arterial (ABG)
PH 7.35-7.45
pC
2
35-45 mm Hg
pO
2
80-100 mm Hg
HCO
3
22-26 mEq/L
O
2
saturation (Sao
2
) 95%
Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 5-25 mg/dL
- 361 -
369
BUN-to-creatinine ratio 10:1-20:1
C-reactive protein 0.0-0.8 mg/dL
CA-125 35 IU/mL
CA 15-3 22 U/mL
CA 27.29 38 U/mL
Calcium, ionized 4.4-5.9 mg/dL; 2.2-2.5 mEq/L
Calcium, total 9-11 mg/dL; 4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Carboxyhemoglobin 3%
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
3 ng/mL non-smokers;
0-6 ng/mL non-smokers
CD4 lymphocyte count 31-61% of total lymphocytes
CD8 lymphocyte count 18-39% of total lymphocytes
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
Pressure 75-175 mm H
2
O
Glucose 30-80 mg/dL
Protein 15-45 mg/dL
WBC 10/mm
3
Chloride 95-105 mEq/L
Cholesterol, HDL 40 mg/dL (low)
60 mg/dL (high)
Cholesterol, LDL
100 mg/dL (optimal),
100-129 mg/dL (near or above optimal),
130-159 mg/dL (borderline high)
160-189 mg/dL(high)
190 mg/dL (very high)
Cholesterol, total
200 mg/dL(desirable)
240 mg/dL( high)
CO
2
content 22-30 mEq/L
Complement complement 3 (C3) 70-160 mg/dL
Complement complement 4 (C4) 20-40 mg/dL
Copper 70-150 g/dL
Cortisol (serum)
8:00 AM to 10:00 AM 5-23 g/dL
4:00 PM to 6:00 PM 3-13 g/dL
Cortisol, free (urine) 10-110 g/24h
- 362 -
3
Creatine phosphokinase
(CPK, CK)
30-180 IU/L
CK-MB 5% in myocardial infarction
Creatine clearance (CLCr, urine) 85-135 mL/ mim
Creatine, serum 0.5-1.5 mg/dL
Cryptococcal antigen 1:8
D-dimers 200 ng/mL
Dexamethasone suppression test cortisol 10 g/dL
(8:00 AM)
DHEAS 1-12 mol/L
Digoxin,therapeutic 0.8 ng/mL
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
Westergren 0-20 mm/h (men);
0-30 mm/h (women)
Wintrobe 0-9 mm/h(men);
0-15 mm/h (women)
Erythropoietin 2-25 IU/L; 2-25 mIU/mL
Ethanol, legal intoxication 50-100 mg/dL;
0.05-0.1 %
Ethosuccimide, therapeutic 40-100 mg/L
Ferritin 2-20 g/dL; 20-200 ng/mL
Fibrin degredation products (FDP) 2-10 mg/L
Fibrinogen 200-400 mg/ dL
Folic acid 0.2-1.0 g/dL; 2-10 ng/mL
Folic acid (RBC) 165-760 ng/mL
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 30-100 mlU/mL (postmenopausal women)
5-22 mlU/mL (women,midcycle)
Free thyroixin index (FT
4
I) 6.5-12.5
Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) 0-30 lU/L
Globulin 2.3-3.5 g/dL
Glucose,fasting (FBG) 70-110 mg/dL
Glucose, two-hour postprandial blood
(PPBG)
140 mg/dL
Haptoglobin 60-270 mg/dL
HbeAg Negative
HbsAg Negative
- 363 -
371
HBV DNA Negative
Hematocrit 40-50 % men
36-46 % women
Hemoglobin 13.5-17.5 g/dL men
12 - 16 g/dL women
Hemoglobin A
1c
(HbA
1c
) 3.8-6.4%
Homocysteine 3.3-10.4 moI/L
Internation normalized ration (INR),
therapeutic
2.0-3.0 (2.5-3.5 for some indication)
Iron, serum 50-160 g/dL men
40-150 g/dL women
Lactate 0.5-1.5 mEq/L
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) 100-190 IU/L
Lidocaine , therapeutic 1.5-6.0 mg/L
Lipase 20-180 IU/L
Lithium,therapeutic 0.5-1.25 mEq/L
Luteinizing hormone (LH) 24-105 mIU/mL
(midcycle peak)
Magnesium 1.8-3.0 mg/dL; 1.5-2.5 mEq/L
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) 26-34 pg
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
concentration (MCHC)
31-37 g/dL
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) 80-100 m
Osmolality (serum) 280-300 mOsm/kg
Osmolality (ueine) 200-800 mOsm/kg
Parathyroid hormone (PTH),
Intact
10-65 pg/mL
N-terminal
8-24 pg/mL
C-terminal
50-300 pg/mL
Phosphorus 2.5-4.5 mg/dL; 1.7-2.6 mEq/L
Platelet count 150-400 10/mm
Potassium 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
Prealbumin (transthyretin) 10-40 mg/dL
Prolactin 20 ng/mL or mg/L
- 364 -
32
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 0-4 ng/mL
Protein, total 6.0-8.0 g/dL
Prothrombin time (PT) 10-12 sec
Radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU) 6% in 2 hours
Red blood cell (RBC) count, 4.6-6.0 10
6
/mm
3
(men)
4.0to 5.0 10
6
/mm
3
(women)
Red blood cell (RBC) folic acid 165-760 ng/mL
Red cell distribution width (RDW) 11.5-14.5%
Retinculocyte count 0.5-1.5% of total RBC count
Retinal-binding protein (RBP) 2.7-7.6 mg/dL
Rheumatoid factor (RF) titer 1:20
Sodium 135-145 mEq/L
Testosterone, total 3-1.0 ng/mL men
00.3-1.0 ng/mL
Testosterone, free 40 pmol/L(men)
22.4-12.5 pmol/L (women)
Thrombin time 20-24 sec
Thyroid-stmulating hormone
(THS)
0.3-0.5 mIU/L
Thyroid-binding globulin (TBG) 10-26 g/dL
Thyroxine(T
4
),free 0.8-2.8 ng/dL
Thyroxine(T
4
),total 4.5-11.5 g/dL
Thyroxine-binding prealbumin
(transthyretin)
10-40 mg/dL
Thyroxine index, free (FT
4
I) 6.5-12.5
Total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) 250-450 g/dL
Transferrin 200-430 mg/dL
Transferrin saturaton 30 to 50%
Transthyretin (thyroxine-binding
preadlbumin)
10-40 mg/dL
Triglycerides <150 mg/dL (normal)
200-499 mg/dL (high)
500mg/dL (very high)
Triiodothyronine (T
3
) 75-200 ng/dL
Triiodothyyronine(T
3
) resin uptake 25-35%
Tropoin-I (cardiac) <1.5 ng/mL
TSH receptor antibodies (TSH Rab) 0-1 U/mL
Uric acid 3.5-8.0 mg/dL
- 365 -
373
Urindlysis (urine)
PH
Specific gravity
Protein
Glucose
Ketones
RBC
WBC
Casts
4.5-8.0
1.005-1.030
Negative
Negative
Negative
1-2 per low-power field
3-4 per low power field
Occasional hyaline
Urobilinogen (urine) 0.5-4.0 Ehrlich Units/24h
Vitamin A (retinal) 30-95 g/dL
Vitamin B
12
200-900 pg/mL
Vitamin D
3
, 1,25-dihydroxy 20-76 pg/mL
Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) 5-20 pg/L
White blood cell (WBC) count, 4.5-10.0 10
3
/mm
3
WBC differential (peripheral blood)
Polymorphnuclear neutrophils 50-65 %
Bands 0-5 %
Eosinophils 0-3 %
Basophils 1-3 %
Lymphocytes 25-35 %
Monocytes 2-6 %
WBC differential (bone marrow)
Polymorphnuclear neutrophils 3-11 %
Bands 9-15 %
Metamyelocytes 9-25 %
Myelocytes 8-16 %
Promyelocytes 1-8 %
Myeloblasts 0-5 %
Eosinophils 1-5 %
Basophils 0-1 %
Lymphocytes 11-23 %
Monocytes 0-1 %
Zn 60-150 g/dL
- 366 -

File1 146 1714383

Transféré par

Informations du document

Titre original

Copyright

Formats disponibles

Partager ce document

Partager ou intégrer le document

Options de partage

Avez-vous trouvé ce document utile ?

Ce contenu est-il inapproprié ?

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

File1 146 1714383

Transféré par

Droits d'auteur :

Formats disponibles

1 - -

04:00 Antihistamine Drugs

12 yrs: 1-2 tab TID-QID

Indication: Rhinitis, pruritus and urticaria, hay fever,

12 yrs: oral 4 mg every

Indication: Pruritus, eczema, urticaria, appetite stimulant,

Indication: Allergies such as urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis,

9kg) 12.5-25 mg TID-QID, to a MAX dose

Indication: Allergic rhinitis

Indication: Fexofenadine is effective for the treatment of

Indication: Allergies such as urticaria, vasomotor rhinitis,

9kg) 12.5-25 mg TID-QID, to a MAX dose

Indication: Allergic rhinitis

Indication: Fexofenadine is effective for the treatment of

Indication: Loratadine is a long-acting, non-sedating

12 yrs: oral 10-20 mg QD.

Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic

85%; protein binding: 98%; minimally metabolized by

Indication: Loratadine is a long-acting, non-sedating

12 yrs: oral 10-20 mg QD.

Indications: Seasonal allergic rhinitis, perennial allergic

85%; protein binding: 98%; minimally metabolized by

6 yrs): 5 mg once daily.

Indication: Antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin,

Indication: Bactericidal against many strains of Gram (-)

Indication: Bactericidal, effective against Staphylococci

6 yrs): 5 mg once daily.

Indication: Antimicrobial activity similar to gentamicin,

Indication: Bactericidal against many strains of Gram (-)

Indication: Bactericidal, effective against Staphylococci

Indication: Particularly against Mycobacterium

Indication: Tobramycin sulfate is used for the treatment

Indication: Cefadroxil is indicated for infections caused

Indication: Active against Staphylococci, Streptococci,

Indication: Particularly against Mycobacterium

Indication: Tobramycin sulfate is used for the treatment

Indication: Cefadroxil is indicated for infections caused

Indication: Active against Staphylococci, Streptococci,

Indication: Against both gram positive and negative

Indication: First-generation cephalosporin for

Indication: Lower respiratory tract infections (including

Indication: Ceftazidime is used for the treatment of

Indication: Against both gram positive and negative

Indication: First-generation cephalosporin for

Indication: Lower respiratory tract infections (including

Indication: Ceftazidime is used for the treatment of

Indication: Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of

Indication: It has good Gram (-) coverage similar to third

Indication: Entapenem is used for treatment of

Indication: Imipenem is indicated in treating severe

Indication: Ceftriaxone is used for the treatment of

Indication: It has good Gram (-) coverage similar to third

Indication: Entapenem is used for treatment of

Indication: Imipenem is indicated in treating severe

Indication: Meropenem has demonstrated effi cacy

Indication: It is primarily effective for mixed aerobic and

Indication: Meropenem has demonstrated effi cacy

Indication: It is primarily effective for mixed aerobic and

Indication: Against a wide range of Gram (-) and (+)

Indication: Active against most G(+)and some G(-)

Indication: It is effective in treating uncomplicated skin

Indication: It has a similar spectrum of activity as

Indication: Against a wide range of Gram (-) and (+)