EE497E - Lab 3:Prelab

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Reminder: On your LabVIEW programs, pay attention to use: Descriptive variable names Insight ul comments using te!t labels Easy to read" code style #i$e$ easy to ollo% data lo%& 'hese parameters %ill be evaluated as part o your lab report$ Additional Information: As the lab manual is not sufficient, I hope you find this information useful.

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'he undamental goal o symbol synchroni(ation is to sample the pulse at its pea) value$ *s you might recall, in the previous lab, %e did pulse shaping and matched iltering$ In ideal conditions, the output o the matched ilter is a triangle and %e need to ind the +pea), o that triangle in this lab$ 'hen, %e shi t our input array appropriately so that, a ter do%nsampling, %e do not lose that pea) #I you loo) at bura)-symbol-timing$vi, you can see that there is a Do%nsample bloc) a ter the timing recovery model case& $ *s you might thin) o , there are many %ays o inding a +pea), in a stream$ In this lab, %e are going to implement t%o di erent %ays or this purpose$ Direct .a!imi(ation and Indirect ma!imi(ation o the output energy$ In Direct Ma imi!ation #/$0, page 12&, %e are basically simulating that %e o set by )34,/,5,06 values, %e decimate and loo) at the total energy$ We loo) or the ma!imum energy and %e use that o set value to construct the chopped array$ 'his approach ensures that, %hen %e do%nsample at the ne!t step #%hich is already implemented in bura)-symbol-timing$vi&, %e )eep the sample %hich corresponds to the matched ilter pea)$ In Indirect Ma imi!ation a"#"a Earl$ Late %ate Al&orit'm #/$2, page 12&, %e ollo% an alternative approach and %e DO 7O' go directly #)3/,5,06& to loo) or the ma!imum$ 'he earlylate gate synchroni(ation techni8ue e!ploits the symmetry o the matched- iltered signal$ 'he matched- iltered signal output typically has a symmetric shape #neglecting distortion and noise&$ 'he optimal timing is let us say %hen the matched iltered output R#t& is sampled at t3'$ I %e ta)e t%o measurements R#'o9 :& and R#'o- :& and i 'o 3 ', the t%o measurements are e8ual and the optimal sample %ill be located hal %ay bet%een the t%o samples$ 'his can be illustrated as in ;igure /$

What %e are doing is actually loo)ing at the irst derivative #slope o the tangent& at di erent locations #'his is actually given as appro!imation in the irst e8uation o page 11&$ When the slope is (ero, %e )no% that it is either a ma! #or min<<<&$ 'he symmetry o matched iltering help at this point$& We can summari(e the implementation o this part as ollo%s$ ;irst %e have to generate early, late and ontime gates # as in E8uation #2&, page 11&$ 'hen %e subtract, late gate rom early gate and multiply by the ontime gate$ Remember that the lab manual suggest you to use / as the : value$ 'his e8uation is actually trying to tell you that, you are minimi(ing =late gate part energy> ? =early gate part energy>$ @o start %ith a good guess #initial o set value, this is an indirect approach&$ 'he initial o set value should be %ithin the irst symbol # or accuracy&$ 'hen i the e8uation output #energy di erence& rom irst guess is positive, you shi t the o set to the right$ I the energy output rom the irst guess is negative, you shi t to the le t$ Aou )eep doing this until you ind %hen they are e8ual #ideally&$ 'he real %orld is not ideal so I %ould suggest you to ind a better %ay to get you out o this %hile loop$ Pre Lab 3 /$ () P*S+ @ho% that in the absence o noise, and in E8$ #5& #page 15& do not have any impact on the ma!imum output energy solution$ 5$ () P*S+ What are the t%o critical assumptions used to ormulate the indirect ma!imi(ation o the output energy< Bonsider ho% the presence o the lat ading channel *WC7 can impact this method$ @peci ically, using at least one o the critical assumptions, e!plain ho% you might mitigate the impact o these impairments by suitable selection o parameters$ 0$ () P*S+ * ter do%nsampling a se8uence originally sampled at rate / /Tz by a actor M, %hat is the sample period o the resulting signal< 2$ (,0 P*S+ Cenerate LabVIEW code to estimate the direct ma!imi(ation o the output energy in discrete time and the early?late gate algorithm by using 'able / #yourname-align-.a!Energy$vi& and 'able 5 #yourname-align-ELgate$vi&$ -SE *.E D/0P102 on AN%EL *0 /E*-/N 30-/ IMPLEMEN*A*I0NS" 1$ () P*S+ * ter building align_ !gate."i and align_Ma# nergy."i, place theseVIs into your simulator #i$e$, inside symbol timing."i&$ .odi y the symbol timing recovery method and the delay introduced by the channel rom the ront panel o $imulator."i$ * ter veri ying the unctionality o your code, observe ho% these algorithms per orm in the presence o a narro%band channel %ith *WC7$ a& In the presence o these impairments, observe ho% the pac)et length a ects the per ormance o the algorithms you have implemented$ b& Dsing delay %d 3 4.02Ts and the parameters listed above, plot the timing error statistic &'(, as de ined in E8$ #1&, or oversample actors ' 3 5, 2, E, . . . , 54 #i$e$, even integers up to 54&$ Dse a logarithmic scale or timing error and a linear scale or '$