Académique Documents
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Qual a caracterstica da
Projeo UTM?
A projeo UTM uma projeo analtica que tem
como objetivo minimizar todas as deformaes de
um mapa a nveis tolerveis, representando-os
em um sistema ortogonal.
Como foi visto na aula de projees, a projeo
cilndrica tem distoro mnima na rea prxima
circunferncia de tangncia/secncia.
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
180W 150W
120W
90W
60W
30W
30E
60E
90E
120E
150E
5
180E
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Fuso central da
Projeo
Transversa
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Fuso central da
Projeo
Transversa
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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Voc sabe
interpretar essas
informaes?
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
J. H. Lambert (1728-1777)
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Cada fuso de 6 do
Elipside terrestre
corresponde a um dos
60 cilindros.
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Transformao
analtica
Elipside de
Referncia
NQ NV
E
Carta TM
Cilindro de Projeo
Fuso TM
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
K>1
K<1
k=1
K>1
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
k=1
k1>1
k2>k1
Cilindro
Tangente
k1<1
k=1
k2>1
Elipside
Elipside
Cilindro tangente:
fator k aumenta na medida
em que se afasta do ponto de
tangncia.
Cilindro secante:
considerando o mesmo arco na
superfcie do elipside, temos
valores de k maiores e menores
que 1.
fator k tem margem de aumento
menor.
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
K=1,000977
K=1,000977
K=1
Elipside
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Caractersticas da Universal
Transversa de Mercator
A projeo UTM limitada em latitude (de 80 N a
84 S);
Meridianos Centrais: Mltiplos de 6;
Origem das coordenadas plano-retangulares:
Na interseo do Plano do Equador com o meridiano
central (MC) do fuso
N = 0 m para o Hemisfrio Norte
N = 10.000.000 m para o Hemisfrio Sul
E = 500.000 m
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Caractersticas da Universal
Transversa de Mercator
80
MC
8.000 km
6.000 km
60
GRID UTM
4.000 km
40
Meridianos e
palalelos
20
Meridianos
de secncia
2.000 km
8.000 km
6.000 km
800
500
350
200
10.000 km
650
Equador
0
-20
-40
4.000 km
-60
2.000 km
-80
Obs: croqui
sem escala
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Caractersticas da Universal
Transversa de Mercator
Fuso
MS
320.000
MC= - 45
N=0
E=500.000
MS
Fuso
Equador
N = 10.000.000
1 37'
1 23'
154.000 m
180.000 m
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
MS
Fuso
MC
N=0 m
N=10.000.000 m
MS
E=150.000 m
Fuso
Equador
1 37'
E=320.000
1 23'
154.000 m
180.000 m
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Territrio
brasileiro
dividido em
fusos do
Sistema
UTM
Meridiano
Central: -51 e
45 com
Greenwich
(em So Paulo)
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Territrio 8
brasileiro 4
0
dividido em -4
fusos e -8
-12
zonas
-16
NB
NA
SA
SB
SB 21
SC
SD
SE
-20
SF 23: regio
da Cidade de
de So Paulo
Zonas
SF 23
SF
-24
SG
-28
SH
-32
SI
-36
Meridiano Central
Nmero do Fuso
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Superfcie Fsica
Materializada por
levantamentos topogrficos,
aerofotogrametria e GPS
Fuso UTM
Geide
Materializado por
margrafos e
gravmetros
Elipside
Definido
matematicamente
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
DI
HA
Superfcie Fsica
Transformaes
Geomtricas
DG (geide)
DE (elipside)
Transformao
Analtica
DP (plano UTM)
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
DH.H DH.H 2
DG = DH
+
R
R2
DH
DG
DE
DP
Onde:
DG = distncia sobre a superfcie de raio
mdio
( geide)
DH = distncia horizontal (na altitude mdia)
H = altitude mdia
R = raio mdio terrestre ( 6.378.000 m)
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Transformao
Geomtrica
Clculo da distncia
sobre o Elipside
DH
DG
DE = DG +
2
24.R
DG
DE
DP
Onde:
DE = distncia sobre o elipside
DG = distncia sobre a superfcie de raio
mdio
(geide)
R = raio mdio terrestre ( 6.378.000 m)
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
DH
SP = k .SE
DG
DE
DP
Onde:
SP = distncia sobre o plano UTM
SE = distncia sobre elipside
k = fator de escala na regio considerada
(UTM)
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Copyright LTG 2004
LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Distoro Linear
K = K0 / 1[cos m sen (m - o)]2
Onde:
K0 = 0,9996 (Fator de escala no meridiano central)
K = Fator de escala no ponto de interesse
m, m = Latitude e Longitude Mdias do Segmento
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Distoro Angular
Diferena entre o ngulo projetado e o ngulo
geodsico :
21 2
23
Meridiano Central
Transformadas entre o
plano UTM e o elipside
= + 21 - 23
= + 23 - 21
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
>0
NV
NO
NQ
Meridiano Central
=0
=0
<0
NV
NV NQ
SO
NE
NQ
Paralelo Origem
=0
NQ
SE
>0
=0
NV
<0
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Fonte: LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Ferreira, 1997
Copyright LTG 2004
NQ
NV
NV
NQ
AzG
AzG
AzP
12
AzP
P1
P1
12
NV NQ
P2
AzG
AzP
Meridiano Central
P2
Equador
P2
AzG
AzP
12
12
36 36
P1
P1
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
RTM
Regional Transverso de Mercator
Amplitude do Fuso: 2 em longitude (180 fusos)
Meridiano Central: Nas longitudes de grau mpar
Coeficiente de deformao de
meridiano central k = 0,999995
escala
no
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Copyright LTG 2004
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LTM
Local Transverso de Mercator
Amplitude do Fuso: 1 em longitude (360 fusos)
Meridiano Central: a cada 30
Coeficiente de deformao de
meridiano central k = 0,999995
escala
no
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UTM
Ko=0,9996
Ko=0,999995
Ko=0,999995
Regional
Transversa
de Mercator
2
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LTG/PTR/EPUSP
Ampliao de
Distncias
ELIPSIDE
Caractersticas
das TMs
Plano
TM
Reduo de
Distncias
Fuso TM
TM
Origem
Falso Este
K0 (3)
K mximo (4)
UTM
MC e
Equador
10.000 km
500 km
0,999 6
1,000 97
RTM
MC e
Equador
5.000 km
400 km
0,999 995
1,000 152
LTM
MC e
Equador
5.000 km
200 km
0,999 995
1,000 037
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