Running head: MIDTERM PAPER

Midterm Paper Ashley Jordan Ivy Tech Community College

MIDTERM PAPER Round 1 !uestion: "hat #ill happen i$ #e put hal$ o$ an e$$ervescent antacid ta%let into a granulated cylinder that has #ater in it& Claim: 'al$ o$ an e$$ervescent ta%let #ill create %u%%les in a granulated cylinder that has #ater in it( Materials: three halves o$ e$$ervescent ta%lets) one 1 in happy %irthday %alloon) one 1** m+ granulated cylinder) #ater) scale) ,ey) thermometer) tap measure) mar,er Procedure: 1( -ather all needed materials( Plug in the scale to an outlet) ma,ing sure it is in grams( ( Cut hal$ o$ an e$$ervescent ta%let in hal$ using a ,ey .do#n the middle/( Measure the #eight o$ hal$ o$ the ta%let on the scale( 0( Record the #eight o$ hal$ o$ the e$$ervescent ta%let into a ta%le( 1( Put hal$ o$ a ta%let into the happy %irthday %alloon( 2( Crush the ta%let inside o$ the %alloon #ith your hand) $ingers or the granulated cylinder .The ta%let should %e crushed $inely/( 3( 4ill the 1** m+ granulated cylinder #ith 0* m+ o$ tap #ater( 5( Record the initial temperature o$ the #ater) in 4ahrenheit) that is in the cylinder #ith the thermometer( .Ma,e sure that the thermometer does not touch the glass o$ the cylinder or the %ottom/(

MIDTERM PAPER 6( Measure 1 cm do#n) using the tape measure) $rom the top o$ the granulated cylinder( 7sing a mar,er put a line at 1 cm do#n on the cylinder( 8( 9tretch the end o$ the %alloon around the granulated cylinder) do#n to the 1 cm mar, on

the cylinder( Ma,e sure that it is secured onto the cylinder( .The end o$ the %alloon should %e do#n at the 1cm mar, all around the cylinder/( 1*( 'old the %alloon parallel .upright/ to the center o$ the cylinder( Empty all o$ the e$$ervescent into the #ater( 11( :%serve the reaction o$ the e$$ervescent and #ater $or 0* seconds( 1 ( Record o%servations .#hether there #ere %u%%les/( 'ave one person #rite these do#n( 10( Remove the %alloon $rom the cylinder) $lip %alloon inside out and clean #ith #ater i$ needed( 'ave another person do this step( 11( Record the ne# temperature o$ #ater a$ter the o%servation o$ the e$$ervescent and #ater( Dump out #ater;e$$ervescent mi<ture and rinse out the granulated cylinder #ith #ater three times .all o$ the mi<ture should %e gone/( 'ave the last person in the group do this step( 12( Repeat steps =11 t#o more times( Evidence;:%servations: :nce the e$$ervescent #as in the #ater it started to %u%%le and $i>>( The %u%%les and $i>> #ere #hite in color( "hite $oam #as le$t over a$ter 0* seconds( The %alloon $illed up #ith gas and in$lated it( All o$ this occurred in all three trials( The temperature decreased $rom the

MIDTERM PAPER initial temperature a$ter the reaction too, place $or each trial( The temperature decreased $rom *( = (0?4 a$ter the reactions( Data Ta%le: Di$$erent trials Initial temperature o$ #ater Trial 1 Trial Trial 0 55(*?4 53(3?4 55(1?4 4inal temperature o$ #ater 53(6?4 52(5?4 51(6?4 1(1 grams 1(3 grams 1(0 grams Ta%let #eight @u%%les occurred during reaction Aes Aes Aes

Research: According to Effervescent Tablet Dissolving in Water) e$$ervescent ta%lets are comprised o$ citric acid) aspirin) and a heat treated sodium %icar%onate( Apparently the aspirin that is in the e$$ervescent ta%lets does not have an e$$ect on the #ater and e$$ervescent mi<ture( The %u%%les are created %ecause the reaction ta,ing place %et#een the e$$ervescent ta%let and the #ater are a chemical reaction( The %u%%les are there$ore car%on dio<ide %ecause the sodium %icar%onate %rea,s do#n into the gas car%on dio<ide( 9o) the %alloon $ills up #ith the gas car%on dio<ide due to the chemical reaction that is ta,ing place in the granulated cylinder( The process that is occurring %et#een the #ater and the e$$ervescent ta%let is called e$$ervescence( The article states that %u%%les #ill continue to $orm until the entire ta%let is dissolved and there is not anymore sodium %icar%onate and citric acid .9col%roc,) Bana) 'ans$ord) Manhart) C Camp%ell) *11/( According to Effervescence- What is it?, e$$ervescence is the %u%%les or $i>> that is created #hen the chemical reaction ta,es place in the #ater or in someoneDs stomach (Effervescence What is

MIDTERM PAPER it?) *1 /( Effervescence tal,s a%out e$$ervescent ta%lets %eing antacids #hich are medicine that counteracts the acid that is produce a$ter eating certain acid $illed $oods( There$ore) antacids are

called %ases #hich are su%stances that #ea,en or neutrali>e the acid in oneD stomach( This article also %ac,s up the $act that sodium %icar%onate) citric acid) aspirin) and car%on dio<ide are all part o$ the e<periments #e conducted( It re$ers to the %u%%les %eing produced %ecause car%on dio<ide is %ro,e do#n $rom the sodium %icar%onate .McAuli$$e) *11/( The decrease in temperature #as noted in the evidence a%ove and there is an e<planation as to #hy the $inal temperature #as less than the initial temperature o$ the #ater( According to 9cience @uddies) the %icar%onate and hydrogen ions have to come in contact #ith each other as they are %rea,ing the e$$ervescent ta%let do#n into simpler elements( I$ the temperature o$ the #ater is high than the molecules o$ the %icar%onate and hydrogen #ill move $asterE i$ the #ater temperature is lo# than the molecules #ill move slo#ly .9cience @uddies) *10/( Conclusion: :ur claim #as supported) %ecause hal$ o$ the e$$ervescent ta%let created %u%%les #hen put into the cylinder o$ #ater( A$ter conducting all three trials) #e o%served that %u%%les #ere created $or every trial( The reason #hy the %u%%les #ere created #as %ecause car%on dio<ide #as created during the chemical reaction .9col%roc,) Bana) 'ans$ord) Manhart) C Camp%ell) *11/( :ur claim is also supported %y the article Effervescence %ecause it states that the sodium %icar%onate and citric acid have to stop %rea,ing do#n in order $or the %u%%les to stop $orming .McAuli$$e) *11/( Another reason #hy our claim is supported) is due to the $act the e$$ervescence is the actual %u%%les or $i>> that is seen #hen the chemical reaction ta,es place %et#een e$$ervescent ta%lets and #ater .Effervescence What is it?) *1 /( Round

MIDTERM PAPER !uestion: 'o# does the reaction rate change #hen #e increase the initial temperature o$ the #ater& Claim: The reaction rate #ill %e short .under * seconds/ $or each trial( Materials: three halves o$ e$$ervescent ta%lets) one unused 1 in happy %irthday %alloon) one 1** m+ granulated cylinder) #ater) scale) ,ey) thermometer) tap measure) mar,er) stop#atch Procedure: 1( -ather all needed materials( Plug in the scale to an outlet) ma,ing sure it is in grams( ( Cut hal$ o$ an e$$ervescent ta%let in hal$ using a ,ey .do#n the middle/( Measure the #eight o$ hal$ o$ the ta%let on the scale( 0( Record the #eight o$ hal$ o$ the e$$ervescent ta%let into a ta%le( 1( Put hal$ o$ a ta%let into the happy %irthday %alloon 2( Crush the ta%let inside o$ the %alloon #ith your hand) $ingers or the granulated cylinder .The ta%let should %e crushed $inely/( 3( Measure 1 cm do#n) using the tape measure) $rom the top o$ the granulated cylinder( 7sing a mar,er put a line at 1 cm do#n on the cylinder( 5( 4ill the 1** m+ granulated cylinder #ith 0* m+ o$ tap #ater( 4or this round the group is having a %aseline temperature and t#o more temperatures that #ill %e higher than the original( The temperature range is 1*2(2?4= 1*5(2?4 $or the #ater( The #ater is going to have to run longer so that it can heat up to the set temperature range(

MIDTERM PAPER 6( Record the initial temperature o$ the #ater) in 4ahrenheit) that is in the cylinder #ith the thermometer( .Ma,e sure that the thermometer does not touch the glass o$ the cylinder or the %ottom/( The second and third trial temperatures should %e %et#een 1*2(2?4 and 1*5(2?4( 8( 9tretch the end o$ the %alloon around the granulated cylinder) do#n to the 1 cm mar, on the cylinder( Ma,e sure that it is secured onto the cylinder( .The end o$ the %alloon should %e do#n at the 1cm mar, all around the cylinder/(

1*( 'old the %alloon parallel .upright/ to the center o$ the cylinder( Empty all o$ the e$$ervescent into the #ater( 11( As soon as the e$$ervescent is put into the #ater someone in the group should start the stop#atch( 9o) the time starts #hen the crushed e$$ervescent touches the #ater and stops #hen the $oaming has $inished( The group has to determine the reaction rate $or the ta%let to start dissolving and stop dissolving in the #ater( 1 ( The person ,eeping trac, o$ the reaction time stops the stop#atch #hen the $oam the #ater; e$$ervescent mi<ture has stopped $oaming( .Fo more %u%%les or $oam is moving/ 10( Record o%servations) have one person #rite these do#n( 11( Remove the %alloon $rom the cylinder) $lip %alloon inside out and clean #ith #ater i$ needed( 'ave another person do this step( 12( Record the ne# temperature o$ #ater a$ter the o%servation o$ the e$$ervescent and #ater( Dump out #ater;e$$ervescent mi<ture and rinse out the granulated cylinder #ith #ater three times .all o$ the mi<ture should %e gone/( 'ave the last person in the group do this step( 13( Repeat steps =12 t#o more times(

MIDTERM PAPER Evidence; :%servations: Just as in the $irst round o$ inGuiry) the reaction %et#een #ater and e$$ervescent ta%lets

caused %u%%ling and $i>>ing( "hen #e record the actual reaction times I #as surprised to see the short amount o$ time it too, $or the reaction to start and stop( "hen the $inal temperature #as ta,en a$ter the reaction $or each trial I #as not surprised that the temperature decreased greatly( The temperature actually decreased $rom around 2=1*?4 #hen #e #armed up the #ater( A$ter the %u%%ling and $i>>ing stopped #hite $oam #as le$t in the granulated cylinder( There is a $our seconds di$$erence in the reaction times( The %alloon still $illed up #ith gas %ut it loo,ed as i$ it in$lated more than the previous trials done in round one( Data Ta%le: Di$$erent Trials Initial Temperature Trial 1 Trial Trial 0 1*2(8?4 1*3(6?4 1*5( ?4 4inal Temperature 86(5?4 83(1?4 1*1(1?4 1(0 grams 1(6 grams 1(2 grams 1 seconds 1* seconds 11 seconds Ta%let "eight Reaction time

Research: According to the article Chemical Reaction Rates) an increase in temperature can speed up the reaction rate o$ a chemical reaction( 9ince) the temperature is increased the chemical reaction #ill occur $aster than say i$ normal temperature #ater is used( This increase in the initial temperature o$ the #ater speeds up the chemical reaction %et#een the e$$ervescent ta%let and the

MIDTERM PAPER #ater( Meaning that since the #aterDs temperature #as hot to %egin #ithE the reaction rate o$ the chemical reaction #ill %e short or occur Guic,ly .Chemical Reaction Rates) *11/( Conclusion: :ur claim) that the reaction time #ill %e short .under * seconds/ $or each trial) #as supported( @ased on the collected data the reaction times $or the trials #ere 1*) 1 ) and 11 seconds #hich is less than the t#enty seconds that #e had set $or the reaction time( The

Chemical Reaction Rates article also supports our idea that #ith an increase in #ater temperature there #ill %e a short chemical reaction rate $rom the e$$ervescent ta%let and the #ater (Chemical Reaction Rates) *11/( 9cience @uddies also supports the idea that #ith a hot temperature o$ #ater there #ill %e a short reaction time .9cience @uddies) *10/( Round 0 !uestion: "hat #ill happen to the reaction rate #hen the amount o$ e$$ervescent is changed to one $ull ta%let& Claim: The reaction time #ill increase or last longer #hen the amount o$ ta%let is increased to one $ull ta%let( Materials: three $ull e$$ervescent ta%lets) one unused 1 in happy %irthday %alloon) one 2* m+ granulated cylinder) #ater) scale) thermometer) tap measure) mar,er) stop#atch Procedure: 1( -ather all needed materials( Plug in the scale to an outlet) ma,ing sure it is in grams( ( Put one #hole e$$ervescent ta%let onto the scale(

MIDTERM PAPER 0( Record the #eight o$ one $ull e$$ervescent ta%let into a ta%le( 1( Put a #hole e$$ervescent ta%let into the happy %irthday %alloon 2( Crush the ta%let inside o$ the %alloon #ith your hand) $ingers or the granulated cylinder .The ta%let should %e crushed $inely/( 3( 4ill the 2* m+ granulated cylinder #ith 1** m+ o$ tap #ater( 5( Record the initial temperature o$ the #ater) in 4ahrenheit) that is in the cylinder #ith the thermometer( .Ma,e sure that the thermometer does not touch the glass o$ the cylinder or the %ottom/(

1*

6( Measure 1 cm do#n) using the tape measure) $rom the top o$ the granulated cylinder( 7sing a mar,er put a line at 1 cm do#n on the cylinder( 8( 9tretch the end o$ the %alloon around the granulated cylinder) do#n to the 1 cm mar, on the cylinder( Ma,e sure that it is secured onto the cylinder( .The end o$ the %alloon should %e do#n at the 1cm mar, all around the cylinder/( 1*( 'old the %alloon parallel .upright/ to the center o$ the cylinder( Empty all o$ the e$$ervescent into the #ater( 11( As soon as the e$$ervescent is put into the #ater someone in the group should start the stop#atch( 9o) the time starts #hen the crushed e$$ervescent touches the #ater and stops #hen the $oaming has $inished( The group has to determine the reaction rate $or the ta%let to start dissolving and stop dissolving in the #ater(

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1 ( The person ,eeping trac, o$ the reaction time stops the stop#atch #hen the $oam the #ater; e$$ervescent mi<ture has stopped $oaming( .Fo more %u%%les or $oam is moving/ 10( Record o%servations) have one person #rite these do#n( 11( Remove the %alloon $rom the cylinder) $lip %alloon inside out and clean #ith #ater i$ needed( 'ave another person do this step( 12( Record the ne# temperature o$ #ater a$ter the o%servation o$ the e$$ervescent and #ater( Dump out #ater;e$$ervescent mi<ture and rinse out the granulated cylinder #ith #ater three times .all o$ the mi<ture should %e gone/( 'ave the last person in the group do this step( 13( Repeat steps =12 t#o more times( 15( 9ince) this is the last round o$ inGuiry all %alloons need to %e thro#n a#ay( The ta%les or la% stations need to %e #iped do#n #ith #et paper to#els( ( All cylinders or used materials need to %e rinsed out #ith #ater and dried out #ith paper to#els( All o$ the supplies should %e put %ac, in the original areas they #ere ta,en $rom( Evidence; :%servations: The amount o$ %u%%ling and $i>>ing seemed to %e Guite a %it more than #ith Hust the hal$ ta%let o$ e$$ervescent( The reaction times $or these trials #ere Guite a %it longer than I e<pected them to %e( There #as a thirteen second di$$erence %et#een all o$ the trialDs reaction times( The $inal temperature still #as less than the initial temperature $or all o$ the trials( The temperature range $or these trials #as greater than the temperature range $or the $irst round o$ inGuiryE the range #as (3=6?4( "e could say that %ased on the in$ormation the amount o$ ta%let that #as put

MIDTERM PAPER

into the #ater does a$$ect the $inal temperatures( The %alloon really in$lated $or all three o$ these trials pro%a%ly %ecause more gas #as %eing produced due to the increased amount o$ ta%let used( Data Ta%le: Di$$erent Trials Initial Temperature Trial 1 Trial Trial 0 50(*?4 52( ?4 5*(5?4 4inal Temperature 38(1?4 35( ?4 36(1?4 0( grams 0(1 grams 0( grams 2 seconds 11 seconds 08 seconds Ta%let "eight Reaction Time

Research: According to the article) Speeding p the !i"") the data they collected sho#ed that #hen a #hole e$$ervescent ta%let #as used $or the reaction it too, the longest compared to a %ro,en and crum%led ta%let( The sur$ace area apparently has a maHor e$$ect on ho# Guic,ly the chemical reaction #ill ta,e place .Speeding p the !i"") *11/( Another source) # bbling Tablets, suggests that #ith an increase in sur$ace area the Guic,er a chemical reaction #ill ta,e place $or the e$$ervescent ta%lets and #ater mi<ture( 9ince) one #hole ta%let does not have that much sur$ace area than it is sa$e to say that it #ill have a long reaction time .# bbling Tablets) *11/ Conclusion: :ur claim #as supported %ecause the reaction rate increased #ith an increase in ta%let si>e( The data ta%le $or this round o$ inGuiry suggests that the reaction rate range $rom 08=2 seconds #hich compared to the previous round o$ inGuiry) that had a reaction rate range $rom 1*= 11 seconds) is e<tremely more than e<pected( In the previous round o$ inGuiry only hal$ o$ a

MIDTERM PAPER

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ta%let #as used and crushed #hile in this round t#ice o$ much e$$ervescent #as used( # bbling Tablets states that as the sur$ace area is increased the reaction rate decreased( Even though the crushed #hole ta%let has more sur$ace area it too, longer $or it to dissolve %ecause there #as t#ice as much ta%let that #as %eing used .# bbling Tablets) *11/( Speeding p the !i"" also supports are claim %ecause it suggests that #hen they used a #hole e$$ervescent ta%let it too) too, a long amount o$ time to completely dissolve( The reaction time in their e<periment #as close to one o$ the reaction times #e got .Speeding p the !i"") *11/(

Resources

MIDTERM PAPER # bbling Tablets( . *11/( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom http:;;teachers(stan$ord(edu: http:;;teachers(stan$ord(edu;activities;@u%%lingTa%lets;@u%%lingTa%lets= Teacher-uide(pd$ Chemical Reaction Rates( . *11/( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom chemicool(com: http:;;###(chemicool(com;chemistry;chemical=reaction=rates; Effervescence What is it? . *1 /( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom al,aselt>er(com: http:;;###(al,aselt>er(com;as;e$$ervescence(html McAuli$$e) C( . *11/( Effervescence( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom challenger(org: http:;;###(challenger(org;%log;christaslessons;e$$ervescence; 9cience @uddies( . *10) *1 8/( Carbonation Co ntdo$n% The Effect of Temperat re on Reaction Time( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom scienti$icamerican(com: http:;;###(scienti$icamerican(com;article;%ring=science=home=car%onation=time;

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9col%roc,) A() Bana) -() 'ans$ord) J() Manhart) B() C Camp%ell) M( . *11) *1 8/( E$$ervescent Ta%let Dissolving in "ater( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom colorado(edu: http:;;###(colorado(edu;MCEF;$lo#vis;galleries; *11;Team= 0;Reports;9chol%roc,IAndre#(pd$ Speeding p the !i""( . *11/( Retrieved *0 8) *11) $rom http:;;education(nacse(org: http:;;education(nacse(org;Curriculum;do#nloada%les;$i>>Iteach(pd$