EXPERIMENT NO.

Separation of Anions by Selective Precipitation and Other Selected Reaction

Post Lab

Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, NO3-, CO32-, C2O42-, CrO42-, SO42-, PO43Part 1: Precipitation by BaCl2

CO32- (light yellow ppt), C2O42(yellow soln), CrO42-, SO42-, PO43-

+ 0.1 M BaCl2

Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, NO3-

+ 3 M HOAc C2O42-, CrO42(orange ppt), SO4223Cl , Br-, I-, OAc , NO3-, CO32-, C2O42-, CO PO 3 4 223CrO 4 , SO4 , PO4 (basic) (basic)

Part 2: Precipitation by CaCl2

CO32-, C2O42-, CrO42-, SO42-, PO43+ 0.1 M CaCl2

+ 0.1 M BaCl2

Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, NO3-

C2O42-, CO32-, + 3 M HOAc PO42-

SO42-, CrO42+ 3 M HNO3, 0.1 M BaCl2 (yellow soln) CrO42-

C2O42-

CO32-

PO43-

SO42-

Part 3: Precipitation by AgNO3 Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, NO3-, CO32-, C2O42-, CrO42-, SO42-, PO43+ 0.1 M BaCl2 CO32-, C2O42-, CrO42-, SO42-, PO43Cl-, Br-, I-, OAc-, NO3-

+ 0.1 M AgNO OAc-, 3 NO3Cl- (purple ppt), Br+ (light 6 M NH3 yellow soln, white ppt), I-

Br-, I+ concd NH3

Cl-,

EXPERIMENT NO. 10

I(green)

Br(colorless)

I- <Br-<Cl-

Coordination Chemistry
Energy is inversely proportional to wavelength; therefore, the color which absorbs highest energy and thus, has the smallest

wavelength, is violet while the color which absorbs the lowest energy and has the longest wavelength is red. I- < Br- < SCN- < Cl- < NO3- < F- < OH- < H2O < C2O42- < NCS- < NH3 < en < bipy < phen < NO2< CN- CO Increasing crystal field strength Post Lab Coordination Compound Neutral complex At least 1 complex ion Central metal + ligand (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6): dative or coordinate bond 2: Ag(II), Cu(I), Au(I)

O = hc / Part 1: Formation of Nickel complexes FORMULA [Ni(H2O)6]2+ [Ni(en)3]2+ [Ni(NH3)6]2+ Trend: H2O < NH3 < en COLOR OF THE SOLUTION Green Purple Blue COLOR ABSORBED Red Yellow Orange

Part 2: Formation of Zinc complexes SOLUTION Zn(NO3)2 + NaOH Zn(NO3)2 + NH3 OBSERVATION Colorless Colorless IUPAC NAME FORMULA Tetrahydroxozincate(II) [Zn(OH)4]2+ Tetraamminezincate(II) [Zn(NH3)4]2+

Part 3: Qualitative Tests for Cr3+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+, and Ni2+ QUALITATIVE TEST Cr3+ Co2+ Cu2+ Fe3+ Ni2+ ADDED NaOH + H2O2 HOAc + NaNO2 NH3 KSCN Dimethylglyoxime, C4H8O2N2 OBSERVATION Yellow solution Yellow to orange solution Deep blue solution Blood red solution Cherry red precipitate/solution

Confirmatory Test for Cr3+ Cr3+ + 3H2O2 + 10OH2CrO42- + 8H2O H2O2 is the oxidizing agent (Cr3+ CrO42-) Tetraoxochromate(VI) yellow

Confirmatory Test for Co2+ Co2+ + 6NO2[Co(NO2)6]4[Co(NO2)6]4- + NO2- + 2H+ [Co(NO2)6]3- + NO + H2O Hexanitrito-N-cobaltate(III) yellow to orange

Confirmatory Test for Ni2+ Bis(dimethylglyoxime)nickel(II) cherry red Ni2+ + 2dimethylglyoxime [Ni(DMG)2]

EXPERIMENT NO. 11

RedOx Reactions
Pre Lab Reduction Potential (EO) Tendency for a specie to be reduced As EO increases, reduction is favored, stronger oxidizing agent As EO decreases, oxidation is favored, stronger reducing agent Zn (-0.76 V) > Fe (-0.44 V) > Cu (0.34 V) EOcell = EOreduction EOoxidation (must be positive)

Nernst Equation For non-standard condition Ecell = EOcell (0.0592 V / 2) log Q

Relationship between EO and GO GO = -nFEO F = 96485 coulomb / mol eAs EO increases, GO decreases As EO decreases, GO increases