Most of the Engineering projects need the HT12E encoder for remote controlled systems applications.

They are capable of encoding information which consists of N address bits and 12_N data bits. Each address/ data input can be set to one of the two logic states. The programmed addresses/data are transmitted together with the header bits via an RF or an infrared transmission medium upon receipt of a trigger signal. The capability to select a TE trigger on the HT12E or a DATA trigger on the HT12A further enhances the application flexibility of the 212 series of encoders.

Operation The 212 series of encoders begin a 4-word transmission cycle upon receipt of a transmission enable (TE for the HT12E or D8~D11 for the HT12A, active low). This cycle will repeat itself as long as the transmission enable (TE or D8~D11) is held low. Once the transmission enable returns high the encoder output completes its final cycle and then stops as shown in the timing diagram shown above. The status of each address/data pin can be individually pre-set to logic _high_ or _low_. If a transmission- enable signal is applied, the encoder scans and transmits the status of the 12 bits of address/ data serially in the order A0 to AD11 for the HT12E encoder and A0 to D11 for the HT12A encoder. During information transmission these bits are transmitted with a preceding synchronization bit. If the trigger signal is not applied, the chip enters the standby mode and consumes a reduced current of less than 1_A for a supply voltage of 5V. Usual applications preset the address pins with individual security codes using DIP switches or PCB wiring, while the data is selected by push buttons or electronic switches. For the HT12E encoders, transmission is enabled by applying a low signal to the TE pin. The address pins of the encoder are joined with controllers port 0. The data pins of the encoder are linked with controllers port P2.0 to P2.3.Once the data and address are set by the controller, the transmission enable pin of the encoder connected with the pin P2.4 of the controller is set to LOW. Thus enabling the transmission, the data

is sent to the RF transmitter module , transmitting the signal continuously till the transmission enable pin to set to HIGH.

HT12E is a 2^12 series encoder IC widely used in remote control and very common among Radio Frequency RF applications. This HT12E IC capable of converting 12 bit Parallel data inputs into serial outputs. These bits are classified into 8 (A0-A7) address bits and 4(AD0-AD3) data bits. Using the address pins we can provide 8 bit security code for secured data transmission between the encoder and the decoder. The encoder and decoder should use the same address and data format. HT12E is capable of operating in a wide Voltage range from 2.4V to 12V and also consists of a built in oscillator.

PIN DESCRIPTION OF IC HT12E: The pin Description of the IC HT12E was pretty simple to understand with total of 18 pins.

VDD and VSS: Positive and negative power supply pins.

OSC1 and OSC2: Input and output pins of the internal oscillator present

inside the IC.

TE: This pin is used for enabling the transmission, a low signal in this pin will

enable the transission of data bits.

A0 - A7: These are the input address pins used for secured transmission of

this data. These pinns can be connected to VSS or left open.

AD0 - AD3: This pins are feeding data into the the IC. These pins may be

connected to VSS or may be left open for sending LOW or HIGH bits to the encoder.

DOUT: The output of the encoder can be obtained through this pin and can

be connected to the RF transmitter.

WORKING OF IC HT12E:

Timing Diagram of HT12E

HT12E starts working with a low signal on the TE pin. After receiving a low signal the HT12E starts the transmission of 4 data bits as shown in the timing diagram above. And the output cycle will repeats based on the status of the TE pin in the IC. If the TE pin retains the low signal the cycle repeats as long as the low signal in the TE pin exists. The encoder IC will be in standby mode if the TE pin is disabled and thus the status of this pin was necessary for encoding process. The address of these bits can be set through A0 - A7 and the same scheme should be used in decoders to retrieve the signal bits.

PRACTICAL CIRCUIT OF HT12E:

Practical Application Circuit

The above diagram shows the practical set up of the HT12E encoder IC for better understanding on the working