PSY 101 General Psychology Julie Felender

Revised 2009

PRACTICE TEST QUESTI !S

PSYC" # GY and i$s G A#S% T"E F UR TYPES
1.

F &E"A'I RS

Define Psychology and briefly define each of the four types of behaviors. Then give an example of each type of behavior someho based around the theme of !acob being "angry.# $our examples should be very specific. %10 points& Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior. The four types of behaviors are' 1. (oluntary )bservable *ctions + ,ehaviors that a healthy body could control and that someone else can notice. 2. -motions + .eelings that e literally feel/ not including s0in sensations1 motivational states1 and opinions. 2. 3ental + ,ehaviors in our minds1 cognition. 4. Physiological Responses + 5nvoluntary organ responses. -x' heartbeat1 s eat1 digestion. 1. !acob curses out loud. 2. !acob feels the emotion "anger#. 2. !acob thin0s about committing violent acts. 4. !acob6s heartbeat increases and he s eats more.

For (ues$ions )*1+% use $he ,ollo-ing ans-ers.

a. (oluntary )bservable *ctions b. -motion c. 3ental Responses d. Physiological Responses

2. "*ngry# is an example of ,. -motion 2. "7 eating# is an example of D. Physiological Responses 4. "5ncreased heart beat# is an example of D. Physiological Responses 8. "7no boarding# is an example of *. (oluntary )bservable *ctions 9. ":itting# is an example of *. (oluntary )bservable *ctions ;. "70ipping# is an example of *. (oluntary )bservable *ctions 1

<. ".orgetting# is an example of =. 3ental Responses 9. "Paying attention# is an example of =. 3ental Responses 10. "-xcited# is an example of ,. -motion 11. "Thin0ing# is an example of =. 3ental Responses 12. "5nformation processing# is an example of =. 3ental Responses 12. "*nxious# is an example of ,. -motion 14. "=oncentration# is an example of =. 3ental Responses 18. ".eeling peaceful# is an example of ,. -motion 19. ",reathing# is an example of D. Physiological Responses 1;. >hen 5 orry1 the behavior 5 am doing is =. 3ental Responses 18. >hen 5 ,eel orried1 the behavior 5 am experiencing is ,. -motion 19. "Dancing# is an example of *. (oluntary )bservable *ctions 20. 21. 22. "=ognitive# means "*ffect# or "-motion#. "Perceiving# is an example of cognition. *. True *. True ,. .alse ,. .alse

>hich of the follo ing is no$ part of 5nformation Processing? a. Putting information into @T3. b. Recalling.. c. -ating chocolate Psychology is considered a science because a. e study the biology of the person in addition to the mind. b. e test our ideas ith studies. c. e observe behavior. d. psychologists have doctorate degrees.

22.

24.

=urrently1 psychology is defined as the scientific study of a. human behaviors b human mental responses. c. human emotions. d. introspection/ loo0ing ithin.

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Psychology is defined as the study of human emotions. *. True ,. .alse 1

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To "predict "behavior means to say -hy something happened. *. True ,. .alse >hich of the follo ing is no$ a goal of psychology? a. -xplaining ,ehavior. b. Predicting ,ehavior c. :elping People. d. Describing behavior e. *ll of the above are our goals >hich of the follo ing is no$ a goal of psychology? a. -xplaining ,ehavior. b. Predicting ,ehavior c. )ptimiAing behavior. d. Describing behavior e. *ll of the above are our goals

28.

Match the following

29. -xperimental Psychology Definition' -ncompasses basic research in the areas of sensation1 perception1 and learning. e. These psychologists might study ho learning. issues such as self+confidence or memory s0ills influence

20. Developmental Psychology Definition' =oncerned ith human development from conception to the end of life. 21. ,iopsychology Definition' .ocuses on the many biological processes that underlie behavior. 22. Personality Psychology Definition' Deals ith ho people differ in their individual traits. 3ay study ho people develop personality1 hether personality traits can be changed1 or ho these Bualities can be measured. 22. 7ocial Psychology Definition' =oncerned ith the ays in hich e are influenced by others. 24. =ognitive Psychology Definition' .ocuses on mental processes such as decision ma0ing1 problem solving1 language1 and memory. 28. 5ndustrial+)rganiAational Psychology Definition' @oo0s at behavior in the or0place. 3ay study applied issues such as increasing Cob satisfaction. *lso studies dynamics of or0place behavior1 such as gender differences. 29. =onsumer Psychology Definition' 5nvestigates consumer behavior and factors that influence people to buy or not buy a product. 2;. .orensic Psychology 1

Definition' Deals ith mental health issues and the legal system. 3ay study a certain type of criminal behavior such as rape or murder. 2<. =ross+cultural Psychology Definition' @oo0s at ho culture influences behavior. 29. :ealth Psychology Definition' .ocuses on ays to promote health and prevent illness. >ants to understand issues such as hy some people cope ith stress better than others. 40. -ducational Psychology Definition' -ncompasses ho people learn and ho variables in an educational environment influence learning. *lso loo0s at behavior on the teaching side.

With the following

a. b. c. d. e. 3ight study ho to help employees feel more satisfied ith their or0. 3ight study the factors that influence people to buy more environmentally safe foods. ,elieve genetics influences behavior1 and might study ho genetics influences schiAophrenia. 5f a student anted to study hy people commit murder1 he or she might specialiAe in this field. These psychologists might study ho issues such as self+confidence or memory s0ills influence learning. Psychology is a science because %remember to choose the /es$ ans er& a. e create hypothesis. b. e test ideas ith studies. c. psychologists have advanced degrees. d. e love chocolateD *n experiment is important because it is a. the only type of study that allo s us to ma0e predictions. b. the only type of research to study humans. c. the only study that can ans er if one thing leads to another. d. the easiest type of study for psychologists to carry out. *n experiment is important because it is the only type of study that eliminates extra variables. a. True b. .alse * research study that eliminates extra variables a. must have used random selection hen choosing subCects. b. probably is trying to explain hy something happened. >hy do researchers eliminate "extra variables#? a. They ant to see if one thing relates to another. b. They ant to see if the study participants represent the general population. c. They ant to ensure there is only one variable that could influence the outcome. d. They ant to see if an independent variable is correlated ith a dependent variable. Random assignment is used so that 1

RESEARCH
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a. the study represents the general population being studied. b. e can figure out hy something happens. c. chocolate ill harden more Buic0ly. 4;. 5f 5 ant to get rid of extra variables1 5 could use random a. assignment. b. selection. 5f 5 ant to 0no if one thing ma0es another thing happen1 5 ould have to use random a. assignment. b. selection. 5 randomly choose 100 people ho got sensitive care and 100 people ho did not. 5 compare them1 and find that those ho did not are a less happy. =an 5 conclude that the lac0 of sensitive care caused the unhappiness? a. Eo/ this as not an experiment b. $es1 random selection as used on the causal variable. c. $es1 random assignment as used on the causal variable. Psychology is considered a science because a. e study the biology of the person in addition to the mind. b. e test our ideas ith studies. c. e observe behavior. d. psychologists have doctorate degrees. Curren$ly1 psychology is defined as the a. scientific study of human behaviors b. scientific study of the human mind. c.. study of human emotions. d. .study of human behavior.

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49.

80.

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Rando0 assign0en$ is useful for pic0ing people to a. be in each group. b. be in the study.

82.

5 find 100 elderly people ho are ta0ing college courses and 100 elderly people ho are not. 5 give them a measure of memory after they6ve been in school for 2 years. 5 find that 1

those ho ere ta0ing classes have much better memories. 5s it scientifically sound to conclude that ta0ing classes helped their memory? a. $es b. Eo

1E'E# P2E!T
54. Fenerally spea0ing1 $he 3sychological s$udy o, hu0an de4elo30en$ is the study of a. ho e develop interactions ith others. b. ho e change as e get older. c. ho personality changes if e6re re arded andGor punished. d. ho behavior changes if e6re re arded andGor punished. The Eature+Eurture debate is about a. hether e learn language from out parents or hether e learn it from other people. b. hether our parents teach us our personalities or hether e learn out personalities from other forces. c. hether our personalities are learned or hether our genes influence our personalities. The Eature+Eurture debate is about hether e learn our personalities from our parents or from outside experiences. a. True b. .alse Fenerally spea0ing1 do our personalities change or stay the same over our lifetime? a. >e stay the same. b. >e change c. >e stay the same on some things and change on others. Fenerally spea0ing1 hich has a strong influence on our personalities? a. )ur personal experiences. b. )ur genetic ma0e+up. c. a and b both have a strong influence on us. The Eature+Eurture debate is about hether our parents $each us our personalities or hether e learn our personalities from other sources. *. True ,. .alse The Eature+Eurture debate is about a. hether humans are born good1 neutral or evil. b. hether our personalities are learned or hether our genes influence our personalities. c. hether genetics affects psychological disorders such as schiAophrenia or alcoholism. d. >hether or not e all change similarly in different stages of life.

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=urrent thin0ing on the Eature+Eurture debate is that Eurture has a stronger effect on us than anything else. a. True b. .alse >ho studied changes in cognitive sophistication as e age? a. -ri0son b. Rogers c. .elender d. Pastorino e. Piaget Piaget %pronounced "pea uh Cay#& studied a. ho children6s emotions change ith age and experience. b. ho children become attached to their parents. c. ho thin0ing changes ith age and experience. d. language development. Piaget %pronounced "pea uh Cay#& is famous for studying a. emotions. b. mental responses. c. physiological responses. The 7ensorimotor stage is an important stage of cogni$i4e development because it is hen a. babies become emotionally attached to their parents. b. babies learn to move around. c. babies learn by touching and moving things. d. babies learn ho to recall information on their o n. The 7ensorimotor and preoperational stages are important milestone of cognitive development because a. children get good at ta0ing someone else6s perspective. b. children learn that ords represent obCects. c. children develop their ability to thin0 about abstract things such as "Custice#. d. a and b are both correct e. a1 b1 and c are all correct The 7ensorimotor and preoperational stages are important milestones of cognitive development because a. children get good at ta0ing someone else6s perspective and realiAing there isn6t al ays one correct ay to vie events. b. children learn that ords represent obCects. c. children develop their ability to thin0 about abstract things such as "Custice#. d. b and c are both correct Generally s3ea5ing1 hich of the follo ing is ,alse? a. * 1 year old is in the sensorimotor stage b. * 4 year old is in the preoperational stage c. *n < year old is in the concrete operational stage d. *n 11 year old is in the formal operations stage e. * 22 year old is in the post+formal operational stage 1

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For (ues$ions 678 $hrough 68)% use $he ,ollo-ing ans-ers. a. sensorimotor stage b. pre+operational stage c. concrete operational stage d. formal operations stage

e. none of the above

69. 5n this stage1 a person is 9us$ /eginning to thin0 and problem solve in the mind. ,. Preoperational stage ;0. 5n this stage1 the person has the ability to solve simple math problems in "the mind#1 as long as the problem has to do ith tangible things such as people or apples. =. =oncrete operational stage 71. This is hen children believe they are invincible1 they develop an "imaginary audience# and they are ego+centric once again: D. .ormal operations stage ;2. The ability to test theories in a highly organiAed1 logical fashion is best developed in this stage. D. .ormal operations stage ;2. 5nfants are in this stage. *. 7ensorimotor stage 74. The ability to spea0 develops at the end of this stage. *. 7ensorimotor stage 75. * child a$ $he end of this stage has Cust become able to thin0 about things even hen the child cannot see them or hear them1 so playing pee0+a+boo can be funD *. 7ensorimotor stage ;9. .or Piaget to say that a 4 year old is "egocentric#1 it means that the child a. is selfish. b. has trouble focusing on1 or understanding1 ho someone else thin0s. c. b and c are both correct *ccording to Piaget1 19 year olds are "egocentric# because a. they are selfish. b. they are finally able to thin0 about ho others see them. c. they are insecure due to a lac0 of emotional attachment. d. b and c are both correct according to Piaget. Researchers ho study the development of information processing study a. ho memory or0s. b. ho memory abilities change ith age and experience. c. ho emotions change ith age and experience.

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2E2 RY
.or Buestions 2+191 use the follo ing ans ers' a. 7ensory memory b. 7hort term memory 1 c. >or0ing memory d. @ong term memory.

;9. <0. <1. <2. <2. <4. <8. <9. <;.

transfers information from one part of memory into another. The part of your memory system that thin0s is ,. 7hort term memory. The part of your memory that imagines hat you6ll do later is ,. 7hort term memory. The part of your memory that recalls your semantic memories is called =. >or0ing memory. The part of your memory that holds your episodic memories for permanent storage is called D. @ong term memory. D. @ong term memory can hold an unlimited amount of information. *. 7ensory memory holds an echo of hat you Cust heard someone say. D. @ong term memory is the part of your memory that can picture your high school cafeteria. 7ome =hildren and adults have a disorder called "*ttention Deficit Disorder ith :yperactivity.# People ith this disorder have trouble thin0ing about hat Cust happened and applying it to hat they need to do in the future. >hich part of memory ould thin0 about hat Cust happened and then use it to plan for the future? ,. 7hort term memory
=. >or0ing memory

<<.

>e can hold information in short term memory for a. about 2 seconds if e6re not using the information. b. about 1<+20 seconds if e6re not using the information. c. as long as e6re using the information. d. a and c are correct. e. b and c are correct. 3ariCuana reduces the number of things you can thin0 about at one time. >hich part of our memory is it affecting? a. sensory memory b. or0ing memory c. short term memory d. @T3 5 can recall my o n name automatically and ithout effort. This type of recall is called a. elaborative b. explicit c. implicit d. maintenance e. none of the above Ee information gets stored in @T3 most easily if e a. repeat it over and over. b. connect it to information e already 0no 1 especially if e connect it to something important to us.

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;P:S: You -ill need $o 3rac$ice ge$$ing $he 0a$erial ou$ o, #T2 $o do -ell on a $es$< 92. 7ometimes1 all 5 can thin0 about is my dance class. *ccording to the most current theories of memory1 hich part of memory thin0s? a. >or0ing 3emory b. 7hort Term 3emory =. @ong Term 3emory The part of your memory that thin0s about hat you did yesterday is HHHHHHHHHHHHH and part that brings that memory to consciousness is the HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH. 1

92.

a. b. c. d. e. 94.

or0ing memory/ long term memory short term memory/ or0ing memory short term memory/ long term memory sensory memory/ short term memory long term memory/ long term memory

Fenerally1 especially according to 7ocial Psychologists1 it seems that memory for social events is very accurate. *. True ,. .alse

S 2E RE'IE= QUESTI !S. 98. *ccording to Dr. .elender1 psychologists study 4 types of behaviors. These 4 categories of behaviors are' a. voluntary observable actions1 emotions1 thin0ing and information processing b. voluntary observable actions1 emotions1 physiological responses and information processing c. voluntary observable actions1 emotions1 physiological responses and mental responses. d. voluntary observable actions1 emotions1 physiological responses and thin0ing e. feelings emotions1 physiological responses and mental responses. 99. >hich of the follo ing statements is TRI-? a. There are t o types of mental responses. They are cognition and emotions. b. There are t o types of mental responses. They are information processing and emotions. c. There are three types of mental responses. They are thin0ing1 cognition and information. d. There are t o types of mental responses. They are thin0ing and information processing. e. There are three types of mental responses. They are emotions1 thin0ing1 and information processing. "5nformation Processing# means a. a cluster of information about a topic1 stored in @T3. b. memory. c. mental activities that allo us to use our memories. d. thin0ing. -. c and d are correct. Cogni$ion is defined as a. processing information about people. b. thin0ing and information processing. c. mental development. d. emotions.

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98.

S CIA# C G!ITI !
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99.

Psychologists ho study social cogni$ion a. study ho our relationships lead us to form attachments. b. study ho thin0ing changes ith age and experience. c. study ho e process information about people and social events.

100.

>hen social psychologists say that e process information about people in a biased manner they mean that a. information goes into long term memory by first paying attention to it1 then perceiving it1 then encoding it1 and then storing it in @T3. b. e do not see the orld the ay the orld "really is.# >e see things the ay our schemas tell us to see things. Raul sees himself as friendly and helpful1 and he has many memories of times hen he helped his grandmother1 his employees1 and his friends at church. Raul6s thoughts about himself ould be called a. long term memory. b. a script. c. a self+schema. d. a stereotype. >hen social psychologists say that1 because of our schemas1 e tend to pay attention to social events in a biased manner1 they mean that a. sensory memory must first pay attention to information before e can encode it. b. e must first attend to information before e can encode1 interpret1 store1 and then retrieve it. c. e6re less li0ely to notice events that don6t fit out expectations and more li0ely to notice events that do fit. >hen social psychologists say e tend to store social events in a biased manner1 they mean that a. e must store information in @T3 before e can recall it to 7T3. b. 7T3 stores information into @T3 so e can hold on to it %in @T3& for long periods of time. c. if information fits hat e believe1 it6s easier to put it in @T3 than if it doesn6t match hat e believe. Psychologists ho study social cogni$ion might advise you that hen you6re angry ith your s eetie1 you %"in$. the ans er should be based on hat you 0no about social cogni$ion.& a. probably have an increase in blood pressure1 adrenaline1 heart rate and respiration b. probably are sho ing unconditional positive regard. c. might be misunderstanding hat your s eetie is saying due to your o n mindsets. 1

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108.

3in has Cust bought a ne tie. :e bought it because his or0 reBuired it. :e left it lying on the couch1 and his roommates1 =hris and *ndre1 sa it. They do not 0no about 3in6s ne Cob or its reBuirements. *ndre has schemas that say1 "people are nice and friendly.# =hris has a schema that says1 "people are self+center snobs.# ,ecause of their t o schemas1 hat ill the t o roommates most li0ely thin0 about the tie? a. *ndre ill thin01 I need $o re0e0/er as5 2in -ha$ he needs a $ie ,or> I ho3e e4ery$hing?s o5ay1 and =hris ill thin01 I 5ne- i$> 2in?s $rying $o ge$ a$$en$ion and ac$ cool: b. =hris and *ndre both ill thin0 that 3in bought this conservative tie for some serious activity he has to go to1 perhaps a funeral. c. =hris and *ndre both ill thin0 3in bought it because he ants to impress his ne date. d. =hris and *ndre both ill thin0 3in6s parents gave him the tie for his birthday.

JJJ Eumbers 109 through 10< are orth 8 points each. 7ho five different ideas for each one. ,e sure to use detailed e@a03les1 as in a story. To guide you1 use the lecture notes ritten on your bright yello handout from the boo0store. 106. 5magine you have a schema of your roommate as clumsy. Ise your notes from the lecture on 7ocial =ognition and give five s3eci,ic e@a03les that sho the five different ays your sche0a ill bias the ay you process information about your roommate. 7ince 5 have a schema of my roommate as clumsy1 it ill be easier for me to notice that he dropped a plate on the 0itchen floor than to notice times hen he stac0s dishes gracefully.

1.

Then it ill be easier for me to store the bro0en plate into @T3 because it matches my schema. 5t ould be easier for me to recall the last time my roommate bro0e something than times hen my roommate stac0s dishes gracefully. ,ecause 5 believe that he is clumsy1 hen 5 see him holding a plate1 5 thin0 that he ill drop it. 7ince 5 believe my roommate is clumsy1 5 ill yell at him hen he is carrying plates. This is then ma0e him more nervous1 cause him to drop plates often. This outcome is more proof that my schema is right.

107.

(anessa sees herself as an angry person/ this is her self+schema. :er self+schema ill bias the ay she processes information about her o n behaviors. Five 8 s3eci,ic e@a03les that sho the 8 different ays1 covered in your lecture notes1 her schema ill bias the ay she processes information a/ou$ her o-n /eha4ior. Don6t let the fact that this is a self+ 1

schema confuse you1 ma0e the same 0ind of main points as from K1091 but do it from (anessa6s vie point. 108. Randy believes that if he is nice to people1 they ill be nice in return. This schema ill bias ho Randy processes information about his o n and others6 interactions. Five 8 s3eci,ic e@a03les that sho the 8 different ays discussed during lecture1 that Randy6s schema ould bias the ay he processes information about his schema.

R GERS 109. HHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH psychologists believe that humans are born "loving and good#. a. 3ost b. ,ehavioral c. :umanistic 110. =arl Rogers is considered a HHHHHHHHHHHH theorist. a. Psychodynamic b. ,ehavioral c. :umanistic Rogers believed that e ill have the most peace ith ourselves if e a. love ourselves no matter hat. b. love ourselves only hen e live up to our o n expectations. Fiving Inconditional Positive Regard means a. letting someone do hatever he or she ants. b. loving or respecting someone no matter hat. c. having peace ith hat someone else feels. d. not trying to change hat someone else feels. e. using reinforcements and punishments to alter our behaviors. Rogers believed that e ill have the most peace ith ourselves and ma0e healthier choices if e a. get rid of the behaviors e do that e do not li0e. b. treat ourselves ith compassion and respect even hen e do behaviors e do not li0e.

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-xplain ho Inconditional Positive Regard %IPR& might help a marriage last longer and be happier. This is orth 2 points1 so you should rite at least 2 different ays IPR might help a marriage.

5f 5 love myself no matter hat1 there6s less reason to be defensive. 1

5 on6t be devastated if 5 ac0no ledge the fact that 5 did something rong. 56ll be at peace even if 5 mess up and ma0e a mista0e.