CHAPTER 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Environmental Performance Report and Management Plan (EPRMP) were prepared to provide information on the

potential negative and positive environmental and social impacts of the project in compliance with the requirements of Presidential Decree No. 1586. It also aims to make recommendations for the mitigation of the potential negative impacts and enhancement of the positive ones. A field survey of the project site was conducted and potential environmental impacts of project activities were identified, assessed, and documented. The group carried out consultations with various people, particularly lead agencies, local authorities and the affected people.

CHAPTER 4 Baseline Environment 4.1 Barangay Profile This Barangay Profile was prepared by the City Planning and Development Office as its modest contribution to the Barangay Government of Concepcion and its residents to serve as their initial basis in the formulation of Barangay Development Plan and other planning documents. The Barangay is presented to the readers with a description of its physical characteristics, history, map, demography and sectorial attributes. In sum, this profile shows the Barangay for what it is , leaving the opportunity to the keenly perceptive to see what it lacks and should strive to provide, to appreciate what it has and should conscientiously develop and sustain, to realize what it is now and envision what it should be in the future.

4.2 Physical and Natural Characteristics Physical Characteristics Barangay Concepcion is within the District IV of rural barangay located in the northeastern part with a distance of 2.8 km from the City proper. Slope The ground surface of this barangay falls under 0-3% to above 50% slope classification which is level to very gently sloping. Land Area It has a total land area of 283.44 hectares covering 1.32% of the total land area of the City.

Land Used Barangay Concepcion is within the three kilometers radius zoned as residential with Christ the King monument at the patio of the Roman Catholic cathedral as the reference point. Areas of about 100 meters on the both sides of the provincial road right of way of Schetelig Avenue extending northward and northeast via the San Pablo City Nagcarlan road in Barangay Concepcion is zoned as Commercial Area. This is based on the existing Comprehensive Zoning Ordinance of the City of San Pablo. Ord. No.28, series 2000. Boundaries Barangay Concepcion is bounded on the north by Barangay San Pedro; on the east by Barangay Sta. Isabel; and on the west by Barangay IV-A and II-E. Climate It has no definite season. Rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year. It is relatively dry from November to April and wet during the rest of the year. It has weather favorable to production, not only to traditional food crops like rice and corn, but also some fruit trees that rarely grow abundantly in other parts of the country like lanzones and rambutan. Government Buildings 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Barangay Hall Day Care Center Health Center Barangay Outpost Elementary School Basketball Courts

4.3 Demography In May and June 2000, the National Statistics Office (NSO) conducted the 2000 Census of Population and Housing, more popularly known as Census 2000. The nationwide undertaking is the 11th Population Census and the 5th Housing Census conducted in the country. As of year 2000 Barangay Concepcion has an actual population of 6514. For the year 2004 it has a projected population of 7241. Annual Population Growth

Figure 4-1 Total Population and Number of households (2004-2007)

2010 Total Population 7928 No. of House holds 1789 Total Population 8071 2011 No. of House holds 1836

Table 4-1 Total Population and Number of households (2010-2011)

2012 Total Population 8218 No. of House holds 1863 Total Population 8366 2013 No. of House holds 1897

Table 4-2 Total Population and Number of households (2012-2013)

2014 Total Population 8518 No. of House holds 1932 Total Population 8672 2015 No. of House holds 1966

Table 4-3 Total Population and Number of households (2014-2015)

Age Distribution

Figure 4-2 Age distribution of male and female 4.4 Health Health Facilities

Figure 4-3 Barangay Hall

A semi-concrete building situated beside the barangay hall serves as the health center where the City Health Office administers to the medical needs of indigent residents.

Another health center is located in Dagatan Boulevard but was seldom used because the building was not maintained and presently has defective roofing.

Figure 4-4 Dump truck

A dump truck is used to collect garbage in the Barangay every Sunday.

Health Programs 1. Medical Assistance 2. Malnutrition Program 3. Vaccination Toilet Facilities A large portion of households use water sealed type(80%), flush type(18%) and the rest (2%) mostly located along the river banks and remote area have no toilet.

Most Common Problem in the Barangay 1. Poverty/Unemployment 2. Robbery and Stealing 3. Drug Addiction 4. Illegal squatting

Industry Existence of Manufacturing Industries 1. Savory Drinks 2. Ann Success Garments 3. Casket Maker Existence of Small- Scale/ Cottage Industries 1. Cone Makers 2. Lantern Maker Types of Business Establishments Establishments in the area are: sari-sari stores, rice dealer/retailer, eatery, duck poultry farm, manufacturer/export and contractor. Tourism

Figure 4-5 The Bunot lake Bunot Lake, one of the seven lakes of the City can be found on the southeastern part of the barangay. It is 4.5 kilometers from the city proper, known for its cultured tilapia. It has a normal surface area of 30.5 hectares with 23.0 meters maximum depth. AGRICULTURE Crop produced The crops in the barangay are coconut, lanzones, rambutan, pineapple, corn and vegetables. Market of crops produced Crops that are produced are marketed to the public market and in other parts of metro Manila. Poultry 1. Mark De Castro(Duck) Layers Farm 2. Fighting Cock Farm

CHAPTER 5 Environmental and Social Impact 5.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the environmental and social impacts in the barangay. Potential negative impacts are identified and described. Potential impacts on environmental and social resources arising from the barangay development include direct and indirect (both permanent and temporary) impacts within the development area and its surroundings. There is also potential for some of these impacts to be cumulative.

5.2 Land Land use patterns tell a story of human activity and environmental evolution, and future settlement patterns are of interest to many. Changes in land use alter the distribution of vegetation, homes and workplaces, and consequently influence biogenic and on-road mobile emissions. The forces that drive land use change range from climate to topography, public policies to highway access, and interact in an intricate way. Such factors can be spatially correlated to a large extent, and distance plays a major role. The issue of protected areas and their impacts on rural communities is somewhat contentious. Despite an acknowledged lack of empirical evidence that protected areas universally deleteriously affect local livelihood, it is often reported that the creation of protected areas ultimately leads to human and/or economic displacements, through voluntary or forcible relocation of populations living inside protected area boundaries. Encroachment into protected areas or ecologically-sensitive areas also becomes a problem in these barangay. Many unlawful residents are living near the Bunot Lake and most of them are dumping their solid wastes in the lake.

Soil degradation and soil erosion are also one of the problems that are occurring in this barangay. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. It also happens when soil deteriorates because of human activity and loses its quality and productivity. It happens when soil loses its nutrients, or its organic matter. Simply, it is the breakdown of soil particles. Degradation is not the same as soil erosion, which when the soil is washed or blown away by water or wind. Soil erosion is common when trees are cut down, and then it rains, so the soil is moved somewhere else. Trees and their root systems keep the soil in place and thus prevent soil erosion.

Figure 5-1 Soil Degradation

5.3 Water Dirty water is the world's biggest health risk, and continues to threaten both quality of life and public health in the Philippines. Water quality and quantity are intimately linked although not often measured simultaneously. The quality of freshwater at any point on the landscape reflects the combined effects of many processes along water pathways. Human activities on all spatial scales affect both water quality and quantity. Alteration of the landscape and associated vegetation has not only changed the water balance, but typically has altered processes that control water quality. According to the water quality report of the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA), increased concentration of ammonia and inorganic phosphates were observed in San Pablo lakes. Such levels of substances exceeded the allowed and acceptable amount. Furthermore, fecal impurities have been found on all the lakes. The Sampaloc Lake is reported to be the dirtiest of the seven lakes while Pandin Lake is said to be the cleanest but should still be guarded due to the amount of phosphate deposits found. Also, removing the excess impurities on the water of the Sampaloc Lake cannot be done on a short of period of time. This will take a long process since too many impurities such as ammonia and fecal matters were found on its waters during according to the water quality testing result. LLDA also said that continuous efforts and community participation should be exerted in order for the lake to be free from excess impurities. Due to the overcrowding of fish pens in Bunot Lake, it was highly recommended that fishing activities be stopped to let the lake recover. For the past few years, there has been no report of any flood occurrences. 5.4 Air Air quality is degraded when unwanted chemicals or other materials are released into the air in large enough amounts to harm the health of people, plants and animals, and our environment. This is called air pollution, and the harmful substances are called air pollutants. Many air pollutants occur as gases or vapors, but some are very tiny solid particles, such as dust, smoke or soot. Some are emitted from natural sources, such as volcanoes, while many others come from human activity.

Road traffic and vehicle pollution tends to be one of the problems in urban and rural areas. The motor vehicle engine emits many types of pollutants including nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), particulates, sulfur dioxide (SO2) and lead. Emissions are related to use of the engine, mainly the fuel type and the temperature of combustion. If the engine is 100% efficient, then the products of combustion will be CO2 and water (H2O). However, at low loads engines are inefficient and therefore the products of incomplete combustion dominate, for example CO and VOCs in petrol engines and carbon monoxide, VOCs and smoke in diesels. As the temperature of combustion increases, the efficiency of conversion to CO2 and water increases. However, impurities in the fuel such as nitrogen are oxidized to NO2. At high temperatures atmospheric nitrogen (N2) is also oxidized to NO2, hence at higher loads and speeds, NO2 production dominates. 5.5 Noise Noise pollution can be defined as intrusive noise that disrupts, distracts, or detracts from regular functioning. And while people mainly think of noise pollution as a problem of the big cities, with the competing sounds of more people in a smaller space, noise pollution can also be found in suburban neighborhoods (in the form of leaf blowers, lawn mowers, and home construction) and even individual homes and offices at levels that can have a negative impact on your health and productivity. Cars are one of the complaints of those who live in busy streets because of the disruption from the sounds of traffic. Interestingly, though, even low levels of traffic noise can be damaging to people, and traffic noise is one of the most commonly experienced contributors to noise pollution. Many people dont think of their homes as noisy, but if theres a lot of activity in the home, including a constantly running TV, this overall noise level can actually be a threat to concentration and a cause of stress.

CHAPTER 6 Preventive / Mitigation and Monitoring Parameters Possible Environmental/ Social Impacts Land Consistency with land use Soil Erosion Change in surface landform/topography/terrain/slope Soil/Land contamination due to improper solid waste disposal Encroachment into protected areas or ecologically-sensitive areas Formulate standards and criteria for collection, transportation, treatment, recycling, and destruction of hazardous wastes Establish a mechanism for NGOs to undertake continuous monitoring, inspecting, controlling and evaluating of hazardous waste management by original sources. Construct and develop an information network about sources of pollution and amount of hazardous waste generated by each type of various sources. Apply the polluter pays principle for collection of fees, using taxation or other appropriate mechanisms, for collection, treatment, and destruction of hazardous waste. Preventive/ Mitigating Measures

Water Increased siltation due to project activities. Water quality degradation Check with your local authorities if there is a chemical disposal plan for local residents. Set-up proper and adequate sanitary facilities Strictly observe proper waste handling and disposal Provision of wastewater treatment facility

Air/Noise Air quality degradation Nuisance due to generation of obnoxious/unpleasant odor Nuisance due to noise generation Properly operate and maintain all emission sources like vehicles Install when applicable, the appropriate air pollution control device/s

Install methane recovery facility Strictly enforce good housekeeping practices Control vehicle speed to lessen suspension of road dust Use covered vehicles to deliver materials that may generate dust Planting of trees Properly operate and maintain all noise control device Implement appropriate operating hours

CHAPTER 7 Recommendation