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TEST I ENGLESKI

Merima Salcin created the doc: "proslogodisnji test eng. grupa 2 " N.B. Correct answers are bolded VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE Choose the correct definition of the following words and expressions: 1. full-blown a. potentially problematic b. most complete c. explaining too much 2. recoup the investment a. ask for money back . fleet %. 2. . b. provide finance for c. get ret rns on t!e mone" in#este$

gro p o& cars o'ne$ b" a compan" able to run !uickly people or organi"ations affected by company#s activities

$. headcount 1. group of cars owned by a company (. t!e n mber o& people . people or organi"ations affected by company#s activities

%. something that provokes a negative reaction 1. t rn)o&& b. work out

c. cut-off

Complete the sentences with the correct word or expression: &. 'e are depending ( the government to improve local transport services. 1. of (. on . from

). *andra will (((( with an overview+ and ,#ll continue with a sales figures analysis. 1. kick around (. *ic* o&& . bounce off

-. .e screamed at the manager. ((((+ he was fired. 1. .owever 2. /ecause +. Conse, entl"

0. 'hen my ((((( was up+ , negotiated a reduction in hours. 1. bargaining power (. maternit" lea#e . redundancy package

11. 2he company#s policy is not to ((((( difficult issues. %. s!" a'a" &rom 2. follow suit

set out

-OE.L /RAC-0CE Choose the correction for the underlined words: 1. 3cts of vandalism are fre!uently blamed on low employed rates among youth. 1. employee 2. employing +. emplo"ment

2. 2he introduction of new various of apples has increased yields on many farms. 1. vary 2. varying +. #arieties

. 4nfortunately+ enough many mail deliverers are still bitten by dogs. %. too 2. far . both

$. 5eorge 6adbury provided a pleasant housing estate for his chocolate factory workers+ lived in appalling conditions. 1. who many (. man" o& '!om . much of them

much of whom had previously

Choose the correct way to complete the sentences: %. 2oday ((((( the single largest organi"ed industry in ,ndia. 1. the cotton textile industry 2. there is the cotton textile industry +. $. t!e cotton te1tile in$ str" is it is the cotton textile industry.

&. ((((( toward animated cartoons with war-related topics has come under criticism from such groups as the 7ational 6oalition against 2elevision 8iolence. 1. ,t is the trend 2. 2hat the trend +. $. -!e tren$ 2rends

). (((( will the personal assistant go home before the boss leaves the office. %. Not once 2. 7ot until . 7o sooner than

-. 3t each end of the tube ( + one which gathers light and one which magnifies the image.

1. (. .

two lenses are there are t'o lenses are there two lenses

0. 2he problem facing most tourists is (((((( among so many possibilities. %. '!at t!e" s!o l$ see 2. what should they see . $. should they see what they should see what

11. ((((((( patients should try to reduce needless office visits for colds and minor respiratory ilnesses. 1. 9octors that agree (. Doctors agree t!at . $. 2hat doctors agree 9octors agreeing that

READ0NG COM/RE2ENS0ON 2ake another !uick look at the article about call centers in ,ndia and choose the correct option to complete the sentences. 0ND0A3 Call centres ring t!e c!ange ,ndia:s call centres have a lot to answer for+ according to the traditionalists. 7ot only has the booming sector helped spawn a brash new generation of profligate consumers+ they say+ but its revolving-door work culture is also undermining virtues such as loyalty+ hierarchy+ patience and discipline. *uch anxieties might appear futile in view of the fact that the sector has almost !uadrupled its headcount in the past three years to more than %1+111 employees and looks set to continue expanding at %1 per cent a year. *uch concerns are also becoming the chief headache of ,ndian call-centre managers. 3ttrition rates+ particularly in the larger hubs of /angalore+ 9elhi and ;umbai+ have jumped to more than %1 per cent a year in the past 1- months. 2his is still comfortably below the worst rates in western centres+ where it could exceed 111 per cent. ,t is now posing serious challenges to ,ndia:s increasingly stretched human resource managers. :4ntil very recently+ ,ndia had a culture where you took a job for life and never dreamed of leaving it unless you had a firm counter-offer+: says 7oni 6hawla+ a management consultant and head-hunter in 9elhi. :/ut these young call-centre workers think nothing of taking a job+ doing four weeks of training and leaving without anything else in the bag.: 2here is an economic logic to such restlessness+ however. ,n spite of ,ndia:s unmatchable supply of <nglish-speaking graduates - roughly 2.%m a year graduate in ,ndia+ most of them with some level of <nglish - the industry:s rate of expansion has meant that demand has often outstripped supply. 2his is particularly true of the more established centres. =, would advise companies that are setting up in ,ndia to avoid /angalore in particular+: says >aul 9avies+ managing director of ?nshore ?ffshore+ a 4@-based consultancy. :2here is a circuit where new companies come in and poach employees at higher salaries.: ?ne solution has been for companies to choose more isolated locations - as .*/6 has recently done+ when it opened a call centre on the coast of 3ndhra >radesh. ,ndia has more than %1 towns with a population of %11+111 or more. 7evertheless+ the strategy has its risks. ?ne multinational that recently opened a centre in the Aajasthan capital of Baipur has found it hard to boost its employee count at the pace it would wish. :,ndia has a lot of <nglish speakers+ but investors should not overestimate the number that are ready to work+: said Aaju /hatnagar+ president of ,6,6, ?ne*ource+ an ,ndian thirdparty call centre+ with $+211 employees in /angalore and ;umbai. ,t is probably better to face problems of attrition than of shortage of supply.: 3nother remedy+ which has taken on increasingly bi"arre forms+ is to make the workplace more attractive. *ome companies have introduced salsa classes. ?thers have moved to multi-cuisine canteens. 3lmost all have on-site recreational facilities+ such as football tables and cafes+ albeit with limited success. :Cou can only really attract people with such gimmicks+: says ;r 6hawla. :Aetaining them is a different matter.: ;ore seriously+ companies are also becoming more alert to dealing with employee trauma+ particularly for those who work on the telephone+ for example abusive calls. :3li calls are recorded+ so we sit everyone around and replay it and ask everybody to suggest where it could have been better handled+: says ;r /hatna-gar. :,t helps the employee realise that it was nothing personal. ,n fact+ only about 1 per cent of calls are abusive and training can do much to help.: :2he typical ,ndian response to anger is to fall silent+ which only makes the 'estern customer worse+: says ;r 9avies. :/ut they learn very !uickly.: 3nother solution - still in its infancy - is to hire part-time older employees+ including housewives+ and to allow them to telecommute from home. 3bout -1 per cent of ,ndia:s call-centre employees are aged between 21 and 2% and do not consider the industry to be a long-term career. 3nother option+ which one company is considering+ is to open a call centre on campus and allow students to drop in and out and work part-time. :2he more flexible we can be+ the more likely the employees are to stick around+: said a humanresources manager in 9elhi.

4ltimately+ though+ there is not much companies can do to surmount the two core problemsD that very few people like to sleep during the day and work at night Ethe permanent :jet-lag syndrome:F and that+ in spite of some of the more glamorous-sounding outgrowths+ most work in call centres is repetitive and is likely to remain so. 3t the same time+ there is little to suggest the problem of an inherently footloose workforce will pose a mortal threat to ,ndia:s continued expansion. :6all-centre attrition is a universal problem+: says ;r /hatnagar. :,t has got worse in ,ndia+ but not nearly to the extent you would see in the 'est.# Now choose the correct option to complete the sentences: 1. 9espite significant growth in the sector+ a high turnover of staff in ,ndia#s call centers has led to 1. loss of contracts. (. criticism o& its 'or* c lt re. . closure of many call centers.

2. Coung workers recruited by a call center in ,ndia 1. often leave the job to work in another center that pays better. 2. often leave+ even if they don#t have another job to go to. +. Bot! 4a5 an$ 4b5.

. 3s a result of some unfair tactics by competitive call centers+ some multinationals are now 1. increasing employee count at a faster rate. (. opening call centers in more remote locations. . retaining workers with attractive work facilities.

$. 3llowing more mature employees to work from home or part-time is another way of 1. telecommuting from home. 2. attracting more experienced employees. +. $ealing 'it! t!e problem o& sta&& t rno#er.

%. 9espite high attrition rates+ call centers in ,ndia are expected to %. contin e to gro'. 2. do worse than those in the 'est. . close for good.

TEST 2

Merima Salcin created the doc: "proslogodisnji test :F eng grupa 1" N.B. Correct answers are bolded VOCABULARY AND LANGUAGE Choose the correct meaning of the following words and expressions: 1. tap into a. make possible b. ma*e as m c! se as possible c. follow and understand 2. accountability a. responsibilit" b. financing c. profession of keeping financial accounts

. rev up a. become more acti#e $. attrition a. chronic diseases

b. produce b. lay-offs

c. depend on

c. nat ral $ecrease in n mbers

%. stakeholders 1. group of cars owned by a company 2. able to run !uickly +. people or organi6ations a&&ecte$ b" compan"7s acti#ities

Complete the sentences with the correct word: &. ?ur new employment policy resulted (((( a better bottom line. %. in 2. with . to

). 'hy don#t we ((((( a few ideasG 1. kick off 2. keep track of +. *ic* aro n$

-. .e screamed at the manager. (((((+ he was not fired. 1. /ecause (. 2o'e#er . 6onse!uently

0. 3llowing more mature workers to work from home is another way of ((((( the problem of staff turnover. %. $ealing 'it! 2. attract . telecommuting

11. 'e hope this initiative will motivate others in the industry to ((((( . 1. shy away 2. hold us to account +. &ollo' s it

-OE.L /RAC-0CE Choose the correction for the underlined words: 1. ?ur new collection features many rare and unknown works of historically interest. 1. history 2. historical +. !istoric

2. Hack of transportation is a major impede to development in remote areas. %. impe$iment 2. impedance . impeding

. Hike automobiles+ which use a four-stroke engine+ motorcycles use a two-stroke one. 1. 3like (. Unli*e . Hiking

$. *o <instein suggested eighty years ago+ space can vibrate. 1. *ince 2. /oth +. As

Choose the correct word or expression to complete the sentences: %. ((((( are phosphorescent in the dark intrigues many people. 1. 6ertain species of centipedes (. -!at certain species o& centipe$es . $. 2here are certain species of centipedes ,t is certain species of centipedes

&. ((((( in the fro"en wastes of 3ntarctica takes special e!uipment. %. -o s r#i#e 2. 2hat survival . $. ,t is survival *urvive

). ((((( after years of planning do large-scale civil engineering projects get underway. %. Onl" 2. *eldom . 4nder no circumstances

-. ((((( should a young child be allowed to play with fireworks without adult supervision. 1. ?nly 2. *eldom +. Un$er no circ mstances

0. 9ifferences among environmental groups illustrate (((((( a broad range of philosophies and tactics. 1. that is there 2. that is +. $. t!at t!ere is that there

11. *cience has not yet made a machine that can learn ((((((( a young child can learn in a few days - how to tie a pair of shoes. %. '!at 2. when . $. where which

READ0NG COM/RE2ENS0ON 2ake another !uick look at the article about >>>s and match the two parts of the sentence summaries. Infrastructure: Experience of the 1999s has put people off 2he failure of inefficient and under-funded governments to provide citi"ens in the developing world with essential services such as water+ power and sanitation provides a compelling argument for private sector involvement in these activities. .owever+ it is difficult to persuade companies to participate when pricing remains too low to repay investments+ and when lenders are reluctant to back projects in places where political risk is high. >rivate money flooded into infrastructure projects in the 1001s+ particularly power projects in 3sia and Hatin 3merica+ which was a target for multinationals that invested widely as former state monopolies were privatised. /ut as problems emerged - both in the region and in companies: home markets - many withdrew+ and today Hatin 3merican countries are embracing the privatisation of energy resources with less enthusiasm. <ven if investors could be tempted back into power or water distribution projects in emerging markets+ the higher tariffs associated with private systems are often politically unacceptable. :2he private sector not only has to improve operations and collection+ but also has to increase the level of investment and correct for historical underinvestment+: says Irancisco 2oureilles+ director for infrastructure at the ,nternational Iinance 6orporation E,I6F. ,n the case of water+ passions run high+ with many arguing that access to water is an essential human right that should not have to be paid for. .owever+ ;ichael @lein+ vice-president for private sector development at the 'orld /ank and ,I6+ points out that many are paying for it already. 2hose without access to water+ he says+ are often forced to buy from vendors+ paying ten times or more than people connected to modern water systems. :2he idea that you can:t raise prices because it:s not affordable is+ in many cases+ just plain wrong+: he says. /ut even if the argument for a private-sector role in infrastructure development has been won+ the !uestion is how to persuade business to participate+ particularly since the experience of the 1001s has made companies and lenders more risk averse. :6ompanies got badly burned in Hatin 3merica+: says 9an /ond+ who co-chairs the <xperts 5roup on 9eveloping 6ountry ,nfrastructure Iinance. :2hey invested heavily before the regulatory regimes were worked out+ so they were building the foundations on shifting sand.: 3nother difficulty is that infrastructure projects generate local currency revenue+ while the long-term financing is in dollars or euros. 3 sudden devaluation+ such as the 1000 /ra"ilian currency crisis+ means that what seemed a promising enterprise can no longer service its debt. :'e:re trying to figure out how to get projects: sponsors interested again+ and one of the key things we see is some type of risk sharing between the public and private sector+: says ;r. /ond. :/ecause the private sector is certainly not going to step back in and take the kind of risks it did in the 1001s.: /esides financing difficulties+ recouping investments remains a challenge. 2he 'orld /ank estimates that power prices cover an average of about &1 per cent of the costs+ while water prices cover just 1 per cent. :*o whether it:s public or private+ if nobody pays for this stuff+ it doesn:t get built+: says ;r @lein. :2he private sector can:t recoup the investment+ and the public systems don:t get expanded and become decrepit.: 2he participation of multilateral institutions is seen as one answer. 2he ,I6 hopes to foster public-private

partnerships by providing upfront financing+ advising governments on how to structure contracts and establishing transparent processes+ thus creating conditions it believes can attract investors.

Now match the two parts of the sentences summaries. 1.5overnments in developing countries have failed to e. provide basic services such as water+ power and sanitation. 2. >rivate companies are now more wary of investing in c. in&rastr ct re pro8ects in Latin America t!an in t!e %99:s. . 2he ,I6 is trying to a.. increase t!e participation o& instit tions an$ attract in#estors. $. ;ichael @lein would disagree that b. c!arging !ig!er prices &or essential ser#ices is politicall" %. 9eveloping countries tend not to $. se t!e same c rrencies &or &inancing pro8ects an$ generating re#en e. nacceptable.

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