Dentistry

Jamie Padgett Khadijah Brown English 1102 Professor Raymond April 24,2014

Highlights
History
Inside the office Education Tools X-rays Cavities Diseases

Drugs
Types of dentists

Dentistry History

In 3000 B.C. an Egyptian man by the name of Hesi-Re was the first Dentist.

7000 B.C. - Teeth dating from around 7000 to 5500 B.C. show evidence of holes from dental drills In 500-1000 A.D. Monks practice Dentistry.
They were the most educated in this field.

Continued...
In 1723, Pierre Fauchard Father of modern dentistry, wrote a book called The Surgeon Dentist, Treatise on Teeth. It was the first book about the practice of Dentistry In 1867, Harvard University had the first dental institution.

In 1890, Ida Gray was the first African American to obtain a dental degree.

Inside the Office

Then
Visiting a dentist back then was out of necessity, not something you did every six months for preventative care. Instead of going to a dentist, people would go to a Barber who was qualified to be a surgeon as well. They were called Barber-Surgeons.

Now

It's important to visit your dentist every 6 months. During the exam, your teeth will be cleaned, flossed, and checked for cavities by a dentist.

Education
Then
Before the 1800s, Instead of having a Dentist they had Barber-Surgeons.

To become qualified..
Become an apprentice until technique is mastered

After mastering the technique..

Barber Pole Change- Red/ White to Red/White/Blue This identifies their surgeon qualification

Continued....
Now
Obtain a Bachelor degree

Complete required prerequisites for Dental School.( 4years)

Take Dental Admission Test

Apply to Dental School (4 years)

Take Board Exam both National and State After choosing a Specialty, apply to a residency program (2-6 years)

Old Tools
Bow drill (7000 B.C.) The earliest drill that was constructed much like bow drills used to create fire except that instead of using friction to make a fire, the spindle was used as a drill, with a flint head made to penetrate the tooth

Secateurs (1810) This French orthodontic device treated an uneven or diseased tooth by locking on and wrenching out the entire tooth from just above the gum line

Wilcox-Jewett Obtunder (1905) a futuristic

looking device that used a periodontal syringe for the oral injection of anesthetic substances (typically cocaine)

New Tools
Forceps-Tooth extracting forceps are used to extract
tooth, designed for use in specific areas of the mouth. The beak is shaped to conform snugly to the contour of the tooth. This makes it easier to reach different teeth effectively.

A dental drill is a small, high-speed drill used during dental procedures, usually to remove decay and shape tooth structure prior to the insertion of a filling or crown. A dental drill may also be used in the cleaning and shaping of root canals during endodontic treatment. The dental scaler is used to locate and remove unsightly stains, plaque and bacterial debris.

X-Rays
X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen 14 days later the publication of Roentgen, Dr. Otto Walkhoff made the first picture of the teeth

Cavities
Dental Caries is the oldest name for Cavity

Caries derived from Latin word Rot

The term Cavity is fairly new

Cavities
Noticed in 2900 B.C.

Became a problem in the Hunting-Gathering period.

14% of teeth were cavities

48% of farmers teeth were cavites

Cavities
Tooth worm or Demons To prevent cavities they would perform the Coming of age ritual Used leeches and turnkey to extract teeth.

Cavities/Prevention Today
Cavities
Cavities can be filled

Prevention
Brush twice daily

Water fluoridation and fluoride in toothpaste improved cavities.

Floss/Mouthwash
6 month check up

Common Diseases
Oral Cancer
Involves lips and the tongue

Filling, Poor dental and oral hygiene increase risk

Start off as plaque

One person dies of oral cancer every hour

Continued....
Gingivitis
Inflammation and infection that destroys the tissues that support the teeth Poor dental hygiene, Pregnancy (hormonal changes increase the sensitivity of the gums),uncontrolled diabetes increase risk

Usually develops during puberty or early adulthood due to hormonal changes

Continued....
Dental Caries
Most Common

Bacteria is present
The acids in plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the tooth and create holes in the tooth

Drugs

Anesthesia Local General IV Sedation Nitrous Oxide

Anesthesia
Local Anesthesia
Numbs only a certain part of the body Used while filling cavities

General Anesthesia
Numbs larger areas of body

IV Sedation
Induces feeling of relaxation

Also known as intravenous sedation

Method of introducing medicine into the blood stream through the use of a IV

One of the safest methods

Nitrous Oxide
Also known as laughing gas

Administered through the use of as mask

Only short amounts of time Balance of oxygen and nitrogen

Dental Health Shortage Areas

Types of Dentists
General practicioner Orthodontists

Pediatric
Endodontists

Prosthodontists
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons Periodontists

General practitioner
The General dentists that do not specialize in a certain area $136,942 per year Usual Check-ups

Orthodontists
$183,961 Specialize in facial and dental irregularities Use braces to realign teeth

Endodontists
$199,831 Treatment of the inside of teeth

Disorders in dental pulp

Essentially save teeth

Treat root canals

Treat decay and cracks

Prosthodontists
$229,218 Restore natural features

Use dentures, crowns, bridges Replace missing or restore natural teeth

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons

$183,374 Plastic Surgeons of Dentistry Extract and place dental implants Treat many oral diseases

Remove wisdom teeth

Periodontists
$269,770 Specialize in gums

Treat and study gum disease Also specialize in the bones supporting the teeth

Pediatric
$182,198 Like a general practitioner but for kids

Use kid-friendly methods

Video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=txqiwrbYGrs

Works Cited
A Walk Through The Use of Anesthesia. Online video clip. Youtube.com. You tube, 14 April. 2011. Web. 18 March. 2014 Animated Teeth. WMDS inc., 2001. Animated-Teeth.com. Web. 13 Mar. 2014.

Featherstone, John. The Science and Practice of Caries Prevention. Journal of the American Dental Association. Jul, 2000. Print.
Fillings: The Basics. Colgate-Palmolive Company, 2014. Colgate.com. Web. 13 Mar.2014

Harden, Scott R. Dental Anesthesia- A Horse of a Different Color. Fountain View Family Dentistry. August 2006. Web. 18 March 2014

Works Cited
History of Barber Poles. Barber Poles Direct, 1999. Web. 4. Apr. 2014. Inhalation Sedation. Dental Fear Central. Web. 18 March 2014 IV Sedation. Dental Fear Central. Web. 18 March 2014 Know Your Teeth. Academy of General Dentistry, 1996. KnowYourTeeth.com. Web. 10 Mar.2014. National Institutes of Health. Oral Health in America: a report of the Surgeon General. Rockville, MD:U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2000. Surgeongeneral.gov. Web. 19 Mar. NHD Documentary- The History of Anesthesia. Online Documentary. Youtube.com. You tube. 7 March 2010. Web. 18 March 2014 Nordqvist, Joseph. What is Local Anesthesia. Medical News Today. 5 Sept 2013. Web. 18 March 2014

Works Cited
Pelling, M, 'Barbers and barber-surgeons: an occupational group in an English provincial town, 1550- 1640', Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 28 (1981), pp 14-16. Print. Pelling,M, The Common Lot: Sickness, Medical Occupations, and the Urban Poor in Early Modern England. (1998). Print. Reiff,Matt. Dentistry a profession that can cross all boundaries.GAC.com. 2014. Web. 2 Apr. 2014 Watson, Traci. Tooth decay first ravaged human society 15,000 years ago. USA Today. 9 Jan. 2014.Web. 10 Mar. 2014.

Questions?