New Sumit Luminous Project

A Project Report on
Submitted to: Mr. Pradeep Kumar Mr. Sumit Kr. Sharma Project Guide
Submitted Towards Partial Fulfillment of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted By:
Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

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PART- A
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Acknowledgement
I acknowledge my deepest thanks to my project guide Mr. Amit Sharma for all his care and encouraging words and giving suggestion at the crucial stages of the project.
I express my profound sense of gratitude to Mr. Pradeep Kumar, who has rendered constant guidance, advice and help as and when, needed to complete this project work successfully.
I would like to put on record my sincere gratitude to my friends Deepak Pal & Romit Sharma who extended their full support towards the completion of my project.
Overall the enthusiasm and support i got from my parents and my brothers are really encouraging.
Finally i would like to thank LUMINOUS POWER TECHNOLOGIES PVT. LTD. for giving me an opportunity to utilize my summer training in creative learning.
Date: (SUMIT KUMAR. SHARMA)

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Contents
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Synopsis Introduction Company Profile Objective and research Research Methodology Data Analysis Swot Analysis Bibliography Annexure 5-6 7-45 46-80 81-83 84-90 91-104 105-111 112 113-116

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SYNOPSIS
PROJECT TITLE:Analysis of Market Potential through Market Mapping
OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:-
The prime objective of the research is to analyze the market potential of Invertors&Invertor Batteries for all Brands in District JJR (Haryana).Which
would be help full to the company for increasing their Market Share and Also Help full reach in to the untapped Market.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:1. Descriptive research by the field surveys and fact finding enquires.
2. Qualitative approach by using the interviews and questionnaires etc. SAMPLING AREA:-
Sampling Area includes the District Jhajjar (Haryana) Including Interior Market SAMPLING SIZE: Data would be collected from the 114 Sample.

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Primary data:-Primary Data would be collected with the help of interviews, telephone interviews and questionnaires.
Secondary data: - Secondary data would be collected from the different news papers, research journals, Electronic
magazines, internet etc.
SAMPLING PROCEDURE:Judgment sampling would be use for collecting the samples.

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INTRODUCTION OF INVERTOR &BATTERY INDUSTRY IN INDIA
Invertors In India have become a mandatory Office And Industrial tool considering the power supply position of the country. Due to the lack in the maintenance of infrastructural facilities the powers supply does not offer an uninterrupted status. This can prove to be a nuisance when large industrial productions and important Business functions are involved. Thus, Invertors have become a daily use item In Business as well. Invertors are also popular in the Home Use category.
An Invertor is a type of electronic circuit that functions as a Converter for Direct Current (Dc) To Alternating Current (Ac). Their usage can vary from small switching power supplies In Computers to large Elect. utility for bulk transport of power. Invertors have wide applications:
For Home For Solar Panel For Boats For Cars For Trucks
Invertors for Home in India
Invertor Accessories like Batteries and Charger are also available with the Manufacturers. Invertors being a high budget item also have a resale market. Used Invertors are put up For Sale with the Local Dealers. A careful inspection and Comparison must be done before buying a Used Invertor device. Service of the Invertor is a

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relm that should never be taken lightly as the Invertors involve large scale handling of Elect.ity which if not maintained properly can be hazardous.
In India, we see a mass consumption in the cities with more Industrial and Commercial setting. In these cities even the Invertors For Home and Home PC'S have a huge demand. Such cities in india are:
Chennai Hyderabad Bangalore Delhi Kolkata
WHAT ARE INVERTORS? An Invertor is a device that converts battery power (DC) into alternating current (AC) of a higher voltage. This means that most Invertors are installed and used in conjunction with a battery bank. TYPES OF INVERTOR
A.)Digital Invertor (Square wave invertor)
Non-sine wave Invertors, such as square wave of modified sine wave Invertors can produce incorrect voltages which may cause the connected equipment to have operating difficulties or not run at all. Also, non-sine wave Invertors produce high levels of harmonic distortion, which can cause Electrical interference and audio hum (with TV, radio, etc.) as well as overheating the connected equipment (inductive motors).

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B.)Sinwave Invertor
In your home the wall outlet socket supplies 230Vac to your hold appliances. The waveform of this alternating current is sine wave (see picture above), Therefore most Elect.al equipment is originally designed to operate from a sine wave mains power source.

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BASICS TECHNICAL THEORY OF INVERTOR:
Fig. 1: 1000 VA-Invertor 12 Volt -> 230 Volt An Invertor allowes the use of 230V Elect.al appliances from a car battery or a solar battery. It must therefor supply a voltage that corresponds to an rms of 230 Volts sine-wave like hold main supply or similar. Sine-wave voltages are not easy to generate. The advantage of sine-wave voltages ist the soft temporal rise of voltage and the absence of harmonic oscillations, which cause unwanted counter forces on engines, interferences on radio equipment and surge currents on condensers. On the other hand, square wave voltages can be generated very simply by switches, e.g. electronic valves like mosfet transistors. In former times electromagnetical switches, that operated like a door bell were used for this task. They were called "chopper cartridge" and mastered frequencies up to 200 cycles per second. The efficiency of a square wave Invertor is higher than the appropriate sine wave Invertor, due to its simplicity. With the help of a transformer the generated square wave voltage can be transformed to a value of 230 Volts (110 Volts) or even higher (radio transmitters e.g.).

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Fig. 2: Sine-wave voltage and conventional square wave voltage with both 230 Volt rms
Fig. 2 shows a sine- as well as a square wave voltage with in each case an rms of 230 Volt. In both cases an Elect. lamp would light with the same intensity. This is, as we know, the definition of rms. As we recognize in Fig. 2, however the peak value of the sine-wave voltage is 325 Volts, i.e. factor 2 more than rms. For Elect. lamps this is insignificant and Elect. engines are appropriate for it. Electronic devices were even designed for the peak voltage of sine-wave voltage, because internally they generate DC voltage from the AC supply voltage. A condenser will be loaded on exactly the peak value of the sine-wave voltage. Electronic devices thereby usually cannot be operated on 230 Volt square wave from fig. 2. The industry nevertheless manufactured square wave Invertors according to this principle in former times.Our Invertor with a trick, to obtain the same results from square wave voltage as for sine-wave voltage.
Fig. 3: Square wave voltage with duty cycle 25% for 230 Volt rms ("modified sine")

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Square wave voltage in fig. 3 developes the same peak value as sine-wave voltage of 230 Volts, i.e. 230 Volt * 2 = 325 Volts and nevertheless thereby obtains the demanded rms of 230 V. Square wave voltage as shown in fig. 2 (full half wave) with peak value of the corresponding sine-wave voltage would cause double amount of Elect.al power on Elect. consumers. The Elect.al power rises by square of voltage, and square of 2 results in factor 2. The trick is, to switch the output power only for one half of every conducting cycle, thus resulting on a duty cycle of 25% on behalf of the complete oscillation period. If the calculated double amount of Elect. power will be generated only half the time, effective power remains the same. Industry called this cam shape "modified sine", in order to be able to differentiate the devices from conventional square wave Invertors.The Invertor may feed nearly all Elect.al appliances, designed for 230 Volts, with exception of rotary field engines, that use condensers for generation of an auxiliary phase (condenser engines). Engines of this type are used in most refrigerators, washing machines, dishwashers and some few machine tools. Fluorescent lamps with a series inductivity to limit the operating current also won't work correctly on our Invertor. This problem can be solved by increasing the duty cycle on more than 25% while decreasing the peak voltage to 275 Volts. Instead fluorescent lamps with Elec. (energy saving lamps) will work very well on the Invertor. There may also be problems with some small plug power supplies. An increased magnetizing current results on square wave voltages, while there would be an predominantly inductive load (cosj << 1). Duty cycle 25% and cosj =0 will result in load currents up to factor p /2 (approx. factor 1.5). But don't be confused: Cosj of most Elect.al appliances is between 0.8 and 1 and would be harmless.

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.Our Invertor is suitable for: o Elect. drills, fret saws, circular saws, Elect. chain saws, grinders o Vacuum cleaners, coffee machines,irons, dryers, mixers, sewing machines, Elect. razors, etc. o lamps, energy-savings lamps o Electronic devices, e.g. music amplifiers, battery chargers o Computers and accessories, UPS o Televisions and radios o ham radio transmitters, high voltage generators, among other things
Schematic diagram:

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Description of function:
The Invertor chops the 12 Volt DC Battery voltage into a square wave voltage of 50 cycles per second and duty cycle of 25%, transformed by transformer Tr1 to 230 Volt rms. IC1 forms the oscillator with 100 cycles per second (120 cycles per second for 60 cycles output). Frequency is determined by C1 and the resistors R4 and R5. Resistor R6 determins the time of the flyback of the oscillator and affects likewise the frequency. In addition, R6 affects the rms of the output voltage, which must be considered if necessary, if the circuit shall be used for other frequencies. 60 cycles per second can be achieved by alignment, higher frequencies require changes in the frequency-determining parts. For high stability of frequency, special attention must be spent on condenser C1. Ceramic capacitors are not usefull, due to their high sensitivity on temperature. Most foil condensers may keep the frequency quite constant, even against strong temperature variations.IC2 determines the pulse width and thus rms of the output voltage. The regulater consists of transistor T1, which receives its signal from the diodes D4 and D5, taken from the primary tranformer coil. The regulator adjusts the output voltage by changing the pulse width. It prevents also rising of rms on inductive or capacitive load. The characteristics of regulation can be adapted by changing D4 (important on 24 Volts applications!). Lower voltage level of D4 results in "softer" regulation, i.e. an reduction of the proportional factor.Against earlier versions of the Invertor, IC 8 now will be switched directly by the oscillator signal, thus avoiding errors by unexpected oscillations of the PWM-IC 2. Here the alternate allocation of the impulses for both transistor lines, i.e. for the positive and the negative half wave of the output voltage takes place. The final frequency of 50 cycles per second develops. Flip-flop IC7 Strs a switching off instruction of the current limiter for the rest of the half wave. From the gates IC5 (4093-III) and IC6 (4093-IV), the control signal arrives at the complementary

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MOSFET-driver stage transistors T5/T6 and T7/T8. T6 and T7 are N-channel-enhancement mosfets and T5 and T8 are the complementary P-channel-enhancement mosfets. These transistors correspond to the well-known CMOS basic circuit (CMOS = Complementary MOS), which represents the basic of the CMOS logic family (CMOS Invertors). Only the resistors R44 to R47 are new in this circuit. They provide current limitation during shifting process and protect in cases of disturbances. The control unit ist suitable for Invertors up to 10 kW output power. The driver stage transistors T5 to T8 provide the signals for the power mosfets, which alternately magnetize transformer Tr1. Inductive idle currents, how they are needed e.g. by Elect. motors, can be returned to the battery, thanks to the integrated antiparallel recirculating diodes of the transistors. Thus they do not generate unnecessary losses, contrary to early
Invertors.
The most important task in our Invertor is done by the mosfet transistors T13 to T28. They are connected in two groups, each of 8 transistors. They generate alternatingly the positive and negative wave of the output voltage. Each transistor line on ist own transformer coil. After a transistor line is beeing switched off, the magnetic energy Strd in the magnetic field of the transformer returns back to the battery by the integrated recirculation diodes of the second transistor line. The idle current of consumers with inductive load takes the same way. In case of strong heating up of the transistors, which should only happen on defects in the equipment, the bimetal thermal switch F2 shuts off the control Elec.. In normal operation, temperature of the heat sink should be as low, that you could touch it by your hands.The source-currents of the mosfet transistors pass over resistor R20 with the very low value of 0.001 ohms. Load currents of 100 amperes thus produces a voltage drop of only 0.1 Volt, according to an energy dissipation of 10 Watts. The electronic current limiter becomes effective for currents above 350 Amperes, i.e. on voltage drops on R20 of more than 0.35 Volts. Main cause for such high currents are short-circuits or consumers with "large" inductances, e.g. welding transformers

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or large battery chargers, which exhibit remanence magnetism. Also large electrolytic capacitors from switching power supplies cause immense peak currents (computer screen), just as asymmetrical load of devices with single period rectifiers or thyristor regulaters, which cause a magnetical bias to the transformer of the Invertor.The electronic overload protection by IC9 is a special feature of our Invertor. It needs a additional negative supply voltage, which is produced by a charge pump, consisting of IC10 and the transistors T9 and T10. IC9 as threshold switch (Schmitt trigger). Sensitivity can be affected by change of the value of R22. A value of 1.5 kOhm means e.g. shutdown at lower currents (for Invertors with smaller power output.While starting the Invertor, the negative supply voltage from the charge pump will be missing. This leads to immediate shutdown of the power mosfets, indicated by the red LED1. Thus indefinable control signals, that could result in unwanted switching, which would force small batteries to break down, are prevented. Our Invertor therefore requests no maximum or minimum battery size - it on any 12 Volt power supply. If the electronic overload protection becomes active, a positive output signal will be present at pin 6 of IC9. Through resistor R13 the flipflop IC7 is set, which keeps the blockage upright until the next half wave on pin 11 appeares. IC7 may be closed likewise by transistor T3, which receives its signal from the optional "load detection" . If no load is detected, the Invertor will be shutdown by this circuitry in order to save battery power.Sensitivity of the shutdown circuitry may be tested by disconnecting the lead to resistor R20 and applying variable voltages at connector "C" in the range of 0 ... 1 Volt (important: transformer Tr1 must also be disconnected!). At approx. 0.35 Volts the red LED1 would light up and would get dark again at voltages of scarcely more than 0 Volt. Parallel to resistor R20 a 100 uA measuring instrument may be attached for display of load currents.The optional "load detection" shall not be described here in detail. It consists of the circuit parts around resistor R33, transformer Tr2, relay1 and the ICs 12 and 13. If this part of the circuit shall not be used, the Invertor would work in continuous operation. Thus T3, R10, R9, D6, R15 and D3 would be obsolete. The 230 Volts load would be connected directly to clamp 5 and 6 of transformer Tr1. The "load detection" recognizes an active load by a

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small DC through the contacts of relay1 and resistor R43. The Invertor will be switched on for approx. 5 seconds. If then a load current would appear on R33, the Invertor will remain switched on, indicated by LED2 (yellow). The limitation of the output power of 3000 Watts is due to power dissipation of R33. Instead of the "amateur-solution" of R33 and Tr2, a typical current transformer may be used. Some loads do not switch on the Invertor, e.g. energy-saving lamps. For this the manual activation at port "G" is intended. A small 1 VAtransformer in parallel to the energy-saving lamp would also cause a DC-current and thus would solve the problem.
Data: supply voltage: 12 Volt battery size: depending upon load, otherwise no restriction output voltage: 230 Volts rms (square wave voltage with duty cycle Tp=25% "modified sine") good for resistive, inductive and "pseudocapacitive" load (e.g. computers) efficiency: under full load approx. 95% quiescent current of control Elec.: approx.. 0.05 A ... 0.1 A total: 0.5A to 2,5 A, depending upon quality and max. induction of the used transformer pulse width regulation for the stabilization of rms of the output voltage current limiter in case of short-circuit an thermal protection option: load detection
Transformer:
We can make the transformer by changing the windings of an old transformer.

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fig. 4: shell-type transformer core transformer A transformer will provide best characteristics when the primary coil, that takes over magnetization of the iron core, fits closely around the core. For industrial transformers this would be the 230 Volts coil, on our Invertors however it will be the 12 volt coil.

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fig. 5: "EI"-sheet metals of a 850 VA-shell-type transformer
For the computation of the numbers of turns the following consideration applies:The peak value of the primarily generated alternating voltage is given by the battery voltage. This determines the number of the primary windings of the transformer. On the secondary side of the transformer likewise the peak value must be taken also for computation, i.e. 325 Volt. In the case of a fully loaded battery the supply voltage of the Invertor amounts to 13.8 Volts. The peak value of the 230 Volts output voltage may not exceed that of the usual supply net, even if the rms could be held on 230 Volts by reduction of the duty cycle. The following table for the output voltage results (without
pulse width regulation):
Battery voltage
Upeak (secondary)
Urms (secondary)
11,8 Volt 12,35 Volt 12,7 Volt (accord. 9 Vrms
297 Volt 311 Volt 320 Volt
210 Volt 220 Volt 227 Volt
12,9 Volt 13,5 Volt
325 Volt 340 Volt
230 Volt 240 Volt

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The table applies to fixed duty cycle of 25% and/or sine-wave voltage and without consideration of the magnetization energy. Our Invertor will keep the output voltage constant on an rms of 230 Volts, due to its pulse width regulation, even if the peak value will drop or rise, due to the battery voltage. The peak value will not exceed 350 Volts (247 Vrms for sine-wave voltage), critical for Elec., even in case of fully loaded battery. Theoretical, without pulse width regulation, the rms could rise again up to the theoretical factor of 2, according to a duty cycle of 50%, because of the magnetization energy.
The recirculating magnetization energy already forms the beginning of the next half wave of the output voltage (see fig. 6). But without load there is no rms by definition, so this consideration is only of theoretical nature, with one exception: A measuring instrument, calibrated on rms would indicate a wrong output voltage and small consumers, who need less than the magnetizing energy of the transformer, could get damaged.
fig. 6: output voltage with no load or inductive load

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The table shows, that the transformer needs a ratio of windings of 1 : 25. The schematic diagram shows, that it has two primary windings and one secondary. Both primary windings have the same number of turns and the secondary winding must have by factor 25 more turns (110 Volts: factor 13).
Length 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm
Width 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm -
Deep 50 mm 50 mm 67 mm 67 mm 67 mm 95 mm 80 mm 75 mm 60 mm
Power 460 VA 460 VA 600 VA 600 VA 600 VA 1000 VA 2000 VA 850 VA 850 VA 750 VA
Primarily 2 x 13 W 2 x 14 W 2 x 10 W 2 x 11 W 2 x 12 W 2x9W 2 x 11 W 2 x 12 W 2 x 13 W 2 x 13 W
Secondary 325 W 350 W 250 W 275 W 300 W 225 W 275 W 300 W 325 W 325 W
idle current 1,4 Ampere 1,2 Ampere 2,2 Ampere 1,6 Ampere 1,4 Ampere 1,4 Ampere 2,2 Ampere 1,5 Ampere 1,3 Ampere 1,2 Ampere
170 mm 170 mm 175 mm
140 mm 140 mm 140 mm
Here a selection of used transformers:Length: length of the "I" from fig. 5Deep: Thickness of pile of all iron sheet metals Power:
Rated output
The table shows, that the number of turns is not particularly critical. Only the ratio of primary windings to secondary must be correct. The rms of the output voltage will be finally adjusted by the automatic controller with R16 to the value of 220 or 230 Volts. It is of great importance however, that both primary coils are absolutely symmetrical. They must be wound bifilar, so that

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they are very close to each other. While one winding will magnetize the core, the corresponding winding will return the magnetizing energy. If there is no close coupling of both primary coils, energy losses will result by overvoltage, causing avalanche effects on the transistors. Despite completely symmetrical structure of the windings, the transformer will show a small magnetical bias (DC biasing), recognizable from the asymmetrical magnetizing currents, which can be watched on R20 with an oscilloscope. This biasing will change on every change of load, in particular with strong inductive loads. This effect is completely normal for square wave voltages at inductances and is connected with the heavy non-linearity of ferro-magnetical materials. The second half wave of the output voltage applies other magnetizing conditions to the ferro-magnetic transformer core due to the remaining remanence. (only with sine-wave voltages an equilibrium can adjust itself after several oscillations, due to hysteresis losses, see "Rush effect"). Critical unbalances, which develop e.g. after an impact short-circuit, are eliminated surely by the electronic shutdown system.
Wire strength: Current densities from 3.5 A/mm2 to 4 A/mm2 are used on industrial transformers. If our Invertor is not beeing used excessivly, current densities may even be higher. A transformer with 1000 VA needs approx. 84 ampere from the 12 Volt battery on nominal load. Since the two primary coils alternate mutually, we may count from 42 amperes. (This is strictly not correct, since the acceptance applies only if both windings would exhibit double surface for heat emission). For a round wire this would mean a diameter of 4 mm. Such wire is hardly to wind, also automats can't do it perfectly. A solution may be wires with rectangular cross section or several smaller wires in parallel. After winding the transformer, the sheet metals must be inserted again. With each layer we change the direction of the sheet metals, while in the original condition several sheet metals were probably summarized into packages, in order to increase the air gap and linearize magnetizing currents. This effect isn't needed for our Invertor. Magnetizing currents are always extremely nonlinear in square wave transformers, and they are asymmetrical also. This has no effect on the performance of the Invertor and the

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output voltage. After the transformer has been built, it should first be tested. Therefore we attach its 230 Volts windings to public Elect.ity mains or any other 230 Volts source. Each low-voltage coil should now show 9 Volts. Now we can connect the beginning of one "primary" coil with the end of the other. At the free ends a voltage of 18 V now should appear. If this voltage would be 0 V, the windings have been connected the wrong way.
The making of a transformer is a very laborious work. Nobody likes to take a transformer apart for a second time to correct the windings. With unknown transformers it is advisable to apply first a sample coil of thin and easy to handle wire and test the power input on idle. The windings of the sample coil can be changed without dividing the transformer. For this test the transformer does not need the secondary 230 Volts coil. Only the Elec. must be adjusted correctly (tested with another, correct transformer or an oscilloscope: duty cycle 25%).

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Transformer computation:
For the first regard, it appears difficult to seize the obscure and for precisive computation not accessible magnetization procedures in the magnetic core of a transformer. I want to show, that in our case this is not necessary. As the table with the numbers of turns shows, a transformer may be built on different numbers of turns, only the relation to each other must be exact.We specify the maximum magnetic induction on a value of 1.5 Tesla. For computation now only two simple equations are necessary:
i. Uind = n x F /t converted: 1') n=Uind x t/F
ii. F = B x A
1) Uind=induced voltage
2) n=number of turns
F = magnetic flux
t=transistor switch-on time
B= magnetic induction
A=cross-section area of transformer core
For power Elec. resistive load shall not calculate on energy conversion. Thus the whole battery voltage will apply on the transformer coil for the whole switch-on time of the transistor. The switch-on time results in 5

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milliseconds, dependend on the period of the 50 cycles / second oscillation and a duty-cycle of 25% (period of a 50 cycle oscillation is 1 / 50 Hz = 20 milliseconds).
Sample calculation for the above described 850 VA transformer: The cross-section area of the transformer calculates to A = 60 mm x 80 mm = 4,8 x 10-3 m2
Uind = 12.7 Volt
B= 1.5 Tesla = 1.5 Vs/ m2 A= 4.8 x 10-3 m2
t= 5 ms
With equation 2) the magnetic flux calculates to F = B x A = 1.5 Vs/ m2 x 4.8 x 10-3 m2 = 7.2 x 10-3 Vs
set in equation 1') results
Number of turns n=Uind x t/F = 12.7 V x 5 x 10-3 s / (7.2 x 10-3 Vs) = 8.82 (rounded up 9 turns).
By trying I built the transformer with 2 x 12 turns. The losses were clearly smaller thereby. The calculated flux in this case was only 1.1 Tesla.

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High load resistor R 20:
fig. 7: resistor 0,001 Ohm made of high-grade steel sheet metal
Resistor R20 takes up the whole load current of the Invertor and thus enables the electronic shutdown circuit by evaluation of a small voltage drop. I was very astonished to learn, that different steel grades had different Elect.al resistance. High-grade steel exhibited a 2.5 higher resistance than conventional steel and that's why I used it. The data for other steel type may differ, so here what I experienced:
value of the resistor: 0,001 ohms length: 110 mm Width: 40 mm Thickness: 1 mm Distance of the screws for load current: 80 mm Diameter of screw connections: 6 mm Distance of solder taps: 55 mm (actual measuring section with 0,001 ohms!)

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The actual value of the resistor between the screw connections is little more higher than between the solder taps, the actual measuring section. At the solder points additionally a small 100 uA panel meter may be attached.
Alignment of the resistor:
For an unknown steel grade or the desire for particularly high accuracy of the resistor value an alignment with a defined examining current is recommendet, e.g. by a car lamp at the lab power supply unit. The load current would be adjusted to e.g. 5 amperes. Now we may find with the test prods of a sensitive millivoltage measurement instrument those two points on the resistor, for which the voltage drop will be U= I * R = 5 A * 0,001 Ohm = 5 mV. These points would be marked by a felt-tip pen. At these points the solder taps will be fixed by screws.
Control Elec.:
The use of a pre-drilled print board is most comfortable. In the past most Invertors have been built on strip hole plates, in small-batch manufacturing.

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fig. 8: control Elec. on strip hole plate (previous version) and PCB of the "professional edition"

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Assembly of the mosfet-transistors on the heat sink:
fig. 10: heat sink, mosfet transistors, connections Testing:
MOS-FET-transistors:

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The transistors on the heat sink may be tested while they are not yet connected to the transformer and the control unit. First we touch with one hand the source connections of the transistors and with the other the gate connections. This will discharge the gates. Now the source / drain connections must behave like a diode, which we can test with an ohm meter. For the next test we connect a car lamp between the drain connections of the transistors and the positive pole of a battery. The negative pole will be connected to the source of the transistors. The gate must be open. If we now touch with one hand the positive pole of the battery and with the other the gates, the lamp will light up. Now we touch the negative pole of the battery and simuntanously the gates and the lamp will be switched off. If this test is positive, the transistors are o.k.
Control unit: For testing the control unit, clamp "G" and clamp "C" must be connected to ground (minus
pole). This prevents the load detection circuit from switch-off. The outputs "A" and "B" will show an output voltage between 3.5 and 4 volts. Theoretically the exact value should be 2.5 volts, according to a duty cycle of 25%, but the transformer is not yet connected and so the pulse width regulator will generate maximum value. If a frequency counter and an oscilloscope are available, the control signals may be checked and adjusted to 50 cycles or 20 milliseconds (period of the 50 cycle oscillation) at these outputs. During normal operation the transformer generates peak voltages up to 28 volts on clamp "D". The pulse width regulator may be tested, if variable DC voltages from 12 V to 28 V will be applied to this connection. For testing the current limiter, variable DC voltage may be applied to clamp "C" (0 ... 1 Volt). The switch-off should take place at about 0.35 volts.
The control unit may also be tested in connection with the mosfet transistors. Instead of the transformer, autolamps would be connected. The brightness of the lamps may now be adjusted by turning resistor R16 or connecting a DC voltage to clamp "D" as described above. The autolamp also makes possible a very simple test

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to adjust the frequency. Therefore we put in series with the lamp the 12 volts output of a small tranformer, connected primarily to the mains supply. Both alternating voltages will now be added or subtracted, dependent on the phase shift. The lamp will flicker. The goal is, to make this flickering very slowly. Attention: The autolamp must be 24 volts or two lamps in series.
Final assembly:
fig. 11: 1500 VA Invertor with 2 parallel transformers and 1000 VA Invertor

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COMPANY PROFILE
Luminous-Aquick Glance
Aleading Global Company Delivering High Quality Power Products For Home And Commercial Applications
Founded in 1988,the Group Generated revenue exceeding Rs.1000 crores in FY09-10
Group Projected revenue to be Rs.2500 crores by FY10-11
The Group has 4000 employees(including 500 overseas employees)
Luminous has 43 service centers,300 service locations and20 branches all over India
Luminous has strong foothold in over 36 countries worldwide and has dominant position in the domestic market
Luminous Range of product is available PAN India through a strong channel network of 1000 distributor and 30,000 dealers
SAR Group has 11 manufacturing facilities located in India &China

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Awards and Certifications
Luminous is the proud reciepent of 2007 Frost &Sullivan Industry Technological LeaderShip Award And Consumer World
Award(2004,2005,2006,2007)
Quality systems as per ISO9001:2000,IEC62040and60950 compliant products SONCAP &CE certified products
Quality approvals from many Telecom,Government,Defence And Computer companies in India
Luminous is the preferred brand of large institutions & Government companies in india

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SAR group Companies
LPT-Luminous Power Technologies Pvt Ltd. LETS-Luminous Engineering & Technology Services LML-Lectrix Motors WTL-Wynn Telecom Limited LTI-Luminous Teleinfra Limited LRE-Luminous Renewable Energy LETS-Luminous Engineering &Technology Services,INC LVI-LETS Volver International LLC Langming-Langming Power Technologies TIPL-Tritronics (India) Pvt. Limited

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Manufectring Plants In India
Power Electronics
Location:: Baddi ,Himachal Pradesh
Coverd Area
12000 sq. mt.
Factory Land
43000 sq. mt.
Production Capacity
2.5 million Invertors a year
Elect.al Installation
1000 kilo watts
In- PCB Line
Including Auto Insertion machines(axial&radial),SMT Line,Transformer
Manufacturing,equipped with Coil winding,Core filling machine&vaccum Impregnation Plant

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LEAD Acid Batteries
Location:Gagret,Himachal Pradesh
Factory Building
11000 sq. mt.
Factory Land
40000 sq. mt.
Production Capacity
2500 batteries per day
3000 kilo watts
Total Investment
USD3.5 Million
Tubular Batteries
Location:Gagret,Himachal Pradesh
Factory Land
18000 sq.mt.
Built UP Area
18000 sq.mt.
Production Capacity
4000 Batteries Per day
Elect.al Installations
10000 kilo Watts
Machines
From Europe,Chima,Taiwan,Germany,USA

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VRLA Batteries
Location;Gagret,Himanchal Pradesh
Factory Land
11000 sq.mt.
Built UP Area
10000 sq.mt.
Production Capacity
30 million AH per month
Elect.al Installations
3000 kilo Watts
E-BIKES Location : Una, Himanchal Pradesh
Factory Building
50000 sq. mt.
Factory Land
80000 sq. mt.
Production Capacity
80000 bikes per year
132 kilo watts
Total Investment
12 crores

38
Mobile Battery,Charger &Accessories
Location:Baddi,Himachal Pradesh
Factory Building
13624.38 sq. mt.
Factory Land
5500 sq. mt.
Production Capacity
1080 laks per annum
48.9 kilo watts
Total Investment
367 lakhs
Telecom Infrastructure
Location: Gagret,Himachal Pradesh
Factory Building
5904 sq. mt.
Factory Land
6000 sq. mt.
Production Capacity
9000 DG Sets Canopy
325 kilo watts

39
MANUFACTURING Facilities-Located In CHINA
Line Interactive and on line UPS Systems
Location:Shenzhen,China
Production Capacity:1.2 million units per year
Luminous Products Portfolio
Square Wave Invertor & Long Back up UPS-175 TO 1400VA Sine Wave Invertor & Sine Wave Long Back up UPS-600VA to 10KVA Higher KVA Invertor-15KVA to 150KVA Elevator Backup UPS-6KVA to 100KVA Ups Systems
i. Online UPS-1KVA to 20KVA ii. Line Interactive UPS-600VA onwards
Deep Cycle Flate Plate Battery-120 AH to 180 AH Tubular Battery-150AH to 200AH Fork Lift Battery Sealed Maintenance Free/VRLA Battery-1.3AH to 200AH

40
Traction Battery Solar Battery Railway Battery Renewable Energy Solutions-Solar,Wind7Hybrid solutions DG Sets
Telecom Infrastructure Wynncom Mobiles
Long Backup UPS for Home Office Range
Luminous introduces break through technology in the world of power back up range of Invertors, LB UPS. A power of performance packed in a highly attractive design. Luminous LB UPS boasts of phenomenally advanced features. This technology gives it the unique ability to run the Computers for hours together, even in the bleakest of power situations.

41
Sine wave UPS
Luminous sine wave UPS is a power of performance packed in a highly attractive design, it boasts of phenomenally advanced features. That gives it the unique ability to run a PC for hours together, even in the bleakest of power situation
Protection
Phase reversal protection Overload with auto re-set Battery Deep Discharge protection with two times reset options Ultra Fast Short Circuit Protection Battery reverse polarity protection
Miniature circuit breaker for overload and short circuit protection in mains mode instead of cartridge fuse
DC over Voltage protection.

42
Feature
Micro controller based design Regulated output voltage window during regulated UPS mode Can run single PC up to 8hrs. With 12 V 150 AH battery Selectable battery option Pre-loaded battery management software Battery charging up to two times faster. Regulated battery charging from 120 V to 300 V Automatic holiday mode preserves battery charge Advanced digital display Audio alarms on failure of mains fail, Charger fuse blown, battery low and no load shutdown

43
DSP based sine wave Invertors/ Chargers for Residential/Small Office
Luminous DSP based Invertors are undoubtedly the very latest in the world of Invertors. Packed with a range of user-friendly features, it is a symbol of convenience and comfort. Very little maintenance, no noise DSP based Invertors stand for powerful performance with all round protection.
Features
Digital Signal Processing Technology Sine Wave Output with intelligent real time control Over 200% load cold start by the Invertor High speed MOSFET protection for excess currents and voltage spikes No humming noise from Invertor as well as from equipments connected to it DC fuse available on the back panel for easy replacement Compact and Reliable SMT based design Smart Charge plus Technology for faster charging and longer battery life High Frequency based design for instantaneous Sine Wave Control Intelligent Thermal Management for longer life and higher reliability

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Smart Charge+ Technology
High Frequency based Pulse Width Modulated Charger with high Input Power Factor Up to 70% Elect.ity saving Charges battery up to two times faster Advanced Battery Management Enhances battery life up to 70% Intelligent Continuous Charging Profile adjustment Negligible Water Loss Regulated Battery Charging from 120V to 290V
Protections Overload with Auto Reset. Battery Deep Discharge protection with Reset option Short Circuit Protection Battery reverse polarity protection Phase Reversal Protection
Miniature Circuit Breaker for Overload and Short Circuit Protection in Mains Mode instead of Cartridge Fuse
Audio Alarm on battery low cut off, Overload trip, Short Circuit trip and Phase Reversal shutdown.

45
Advance Digi Display
Digital Display for Mains On, Invertor On, Smart Charging, Overload/Short Circuit Trip, Battery Low Trip, Battery Fuse Blown and Battery
Mini-max: Power for small Retail Shops
After extensive research on customer feedback, Luminous has introduced its revolutionary mini-max series targeting the retail shop segment and very small holds. With this range of Invertors, Luminous has been able to reach out to the consumers with very limited requirement during power cuts.
Technical Specification Of Above Invertor Models
Specifications of modified sinwave Invertors

46
RATING
600VA 800VA 1400VA Regulated INVERTOR mode Undervoltage 180 +/- 5 V 185 +/- 5 V 260 +/- 5 V 255 +/- 5 V
Undervoltage Restoration Overvoltage Overvoltage Restoration INPUT AC RANGE Unregulated INVERTOR mode Undervoltage Undervoltage Restoration Overvoltage Overvoltage Restoration Maximum Power Maximum Watts Maximum Efficency
100 +/- 10 V 115 +/- 10 V 285 +/- 10 V 270 +/- 10 V 600VA 800VA 1400VA 425W 500W 900W 82% 79% 84%
220 V Nominal +/Voltage (INVERTOR Mode) OUTPUT ON INVERTOR MODE Voltage (Mains Mode) Frequency (INVERTOR Mode) 12% Same as Input 50 Hz. +/- 2% Same as Input (45-55 Frequency (Mains Mode) Hz.) Overload > 110 %

47
Transfer Time (typical a.s) Low battery protection Battery reverse protection INVERTOR MODE PROTECTION Invertor mode over load Noload (if load <10% of rated load for greater
10 ms. ElectronicTrip Through fuse ElectronicTrip
ElectronicTrip than 11 hours) Invertor mode short circuit MAINS MODE PROTECTION Over load / Short circuit Charger protection ElectronicTrip Through MCB Through MCB 120 AH- 150AH Lead Type Acid Type BATTERY Number Typical Recharge Time 1 1 10-12 Hrs. 10Amp / 7Amp(selectable) with Constant Voltage with current limit type BATTERY CHARGER boost voltage 14.1V and float voltage 13.9V High power factor TECHNOLOGY boost charger Switch On LED DISPLAY INVERTOR ON Red White 2

48
INVERTOR On & Low Batery Pre-Alarm Low Battery Red Battery Low Mains On Red Red Red (Along with Smart Charge Mains ON LED) Overload Noload (if load <10% of rated load for greater Red than 11 hours) Overload RED LED Short Circuit Blinking Charger LED MCB Trip (Blinking) Battery Reverse Battery fuse fail Red Red Beeping every 5 Low Battery Pre-Alarm seconds INVERTOR ON ALARMS Overload Short Circuit Noload MCB Trip 5 Beeps Continuous Beeping Continuous Beeping Continuous Beeping Beeping every 12 Red Steady

49
minutes Operating Temperature Storage Temperature ENVIRONMENTAL 0-95 % RH non Humidity condensing 0-40o C 0-40o C
Specifications of DSP based sine wave Invertors
RATING Undervoltage Undervoltage Restoration INPUT AC RANGE Overvoltage Overvoltage Restoration OUTPUT ON INVERTOR MODE Maximum Power Maximum Watts
800VA
1400VA 2.5KVA 180 +/- 5 V 185 +/- 5 V 260 +/- 5 V 255 +/- 5 V
800VA 425W
1400VA 2500VA 900W 1800W

50
Maximum Efficency Voltage (INVERTOR
83%
84%
80%
220 V Nominal +/- 12% Mode) Voltage (Mains Mode) Frequency (INVERTOR 50 Hz. +/- 2% Mode) Frequency (Mains Mode) Overload Transfer Time (typical a.s) Low battery protection INVERTOR MODE Battery reverse protection PROTECTION Invertor mode over load Invertor mode short circuit MAINS MODE PROTECTION Over load / Short circuit Charger protection Type BATTERY Number Typical Recharge Time Same as Input (45-55 Hz.) > 110 % 30 ms. ElectronicTrip Through fuse ElectronicTrip ElectronicTrip Through MCB Through MCB 120 AH- 150AH Lead Acid Type 1 10-12 Hrs. 10Amp with boost voltage Constant Voltage with BATTERY current limit type CHARGER TECHNOLOGY 13.9V High power factor boost charger 14.1V and float voltage 27.8V 28.2V/ 54V/52V 2 4 Same as Input

51
Switch On INVERTOR ON
White INVERTOR ON + On(SEVEN SEGMENT) INVERTOR On + Low Battery +Lb(SEVEN
Low Batery Pre-Alarm SEGMENT) Battery Low Mains On Smart Charge LED DISPLAY Overload blinking) OVER LOAD + OL(SEVEN SEGMENTShort Circuit steady) Battery fuse fail Battery reverse Red Red SMART CHG + CH(SEVEN SEGMENT)MCB Trip blinking Low Battery Pre-Alarm Overload Pre alarm ALARMS Short Circuit MCB Trip Operating Temperature ENVIRONMENTAL Storage Temperature Humidity Continuous Beeping Continuous Beeping 0-40o C 0-40o C 0-95 % RH non -condensing Continuous Beeping Continuous Beeping Low Battery +Lb(SEVEN SEGMENT) MAINS ON + On(SEVEN SEGMENT) SMART CHG + CH(SEVEN SEGMENT) OVER LOAD + OL(SEVEN SEGMENT-

52
Specifications of Mini-max Invertors
CAPACITY LOAD CHART OUTPUT (ON MAINS) OUTPUT (INVERTOR
170VA 1FAN+ 3CFL(15W EACH) SAME AS INPUT
325VA 2FAN + 2 TL(40W EACH) SAME AS INPUT
220V (NOMINAL) MODE) OUTPUT WAVE SQUARE WAVE (MODIFIED) FORM BATTERY CHARGING (MAINS 7A/5A (SELECTABLE) INPUT 120 TO 280V AC) PHYSICAL (L:W:H)MM (Net/Gr.Wt)Kg SOFT SWITCH NO LOAD SHUT DOWN 200:275:110 5.3/5.8
220V (NOMINAL)
SQUARE WAVE (MODIFIED)
7A/5A (SELECTABLE)
200:275:110 6.3/6.5
INVERTOR ON/OFF IN THE EVENT OF INVERTOR MODE,IF UTILITY LOAD IS CONNECTED LESS THAN 20W, IT WILL SHUT OFF

53
AUTOMATICALLY AFTER 30- 40 MINUTES & SAVING THE BATTERY ENERGY LEVEL IN THE EVENT OF OVER LOAD, INVERTOR GOES TO AUTO RESET MODE & ATTEMPT FIVE TIMES TO RESET. IT IS AN AUTO RESET INDICATTION TO THE USER TO REDUCE THE UTILITY LOAD AT HIS CONVENIENT LOCATION BATTERY CAN BE REST 2 TIMES AT BATTERY LOW BATTERY LOW RESET CONDITION BY REDUCING THE OUTPUT & CAN AVAIL INVERTOR OUTPUT FROM THE REMAINING BATTERY ENERGY LEVEL. PRIOR TO BATTERY LOW TRIP, THE LOW BATTERY BATTERY LOW PRE INDICATION WILL START BLINKING THUS INDICATING PRIOR ALARM BATTERY STATUS AT BATTERY LOW TRIP, THE LOW BATTERY INDICATION WILL BATTERY LOW TRIP GLOW STEADILY OVER LOAD TRIP IT GLOWS CONTINUOSLY JUST AFTER OVER LOAD IT IS A VISUAL SIGNAL TO THE USER WHERE IN OVERLOAD NO LOAD TRIP LED WILL START BLINKING INDICATING NO LOAD IS CONNECTED(OR LOAD IS LESS THAN 20W) INVERTOR MODE INCASE OF ANY SHORT CIRCUIT AT THE OUTPUT, OVER LOAD SHORT CIRCUIT LED WILL GLOW & NO FURTHER AUTO RESET TRAP

54
Specifications of DSP based sine wave Invertors
RATING
600VA 800VA 1400VA Regulated INVERTOR mode Undervoltage 180 +/- 5 V 185 +/- 5 V 260 +/- 5 V 255 +/- 5 V
Undervoltage Restoration Overvoltage Overvoltage Restoration INPUT AC RANGE Unregulated INVERTOR mode Undervoltage Undervoltage Restoration Overvoltage Overvoltage Restoration Maximum Power Maximum Watts Maximum Efficency OUTPUT ON Voltage (INVERTOR Mode) INVERTOR MODE Voltage (Mains Mode) Frequency (INVERTOR Mode) Frequency (Mains Mode)
100 +/- 10 V 115 +/- 10 V 285 +/- 10 V 270 +/- 10 V 600VA 800VA 1400VA 425W 500W 900W 82% 79% 84%
220 V Nominal +/12% Same as Input 50 Hz. +/- 2% Same as Input (45-55

55
Hz.) Overload Transfer Time (typical a.s) Low battery protection Battery reverse protection INVERTOR MODE PROTECTION Invertor mode over load Noload (if load <10% of rated load for greater ElectronicTrip than 11 hours) Invertor mode short circuit MAINS MODE PROTECTION Over load / Short circuit Charger protection ElectronicTrip Through MCB Through MCB 120 AH- 150AH Lead Type Acid Type BATTERY Number Typical Recharge Time 1 1 10-12 Hrs. 10Amp / 7Amp(selectable) with Constant Voltage with current limit type BATTERY CHARGER boost voltage 14.1V and float voltage 13.9V High power factor TECHNOLOGY boost charger 2 > 110 % 10 ms. ElectronicTrip Through fuse ElectronicTrip

56
Switch On INVERTOR ON
White Red INVERTOR On &
Low Batery Pre-Alarm Low Battery Red Battery Low Mains On Red Red Red (Along with Smart Charge Mains ON LED) LED DISPLAY Overload Noload (if load <10% of rated load for greater Red than 11 hours) Overload RED LED Short Circuit Blinking Charger LED MCB Trip (Blinking) Battery Reverse Battery fuse fail Red Red Beeping every 5 Low Battery Pre-Alarm seconds ALARMS INVERTOR ON Overload Short Circuit 5 Beeps Continuous Beeping Continuous Beeping Red Steady

57
Noload
Continuous Beeping Beeping every 12
MCB Trip minutes Operating Temperature Storage Temperature ENVIRONMENTAL 0-95 % RH non Humidity condensing 0-40o C 0-40o C

58
BATTERIES Deep Cycle Batteries of Flooded Designs

59
Tubular Batteries
The tubular plate batteries are designed extremely strong and can withstand 1400 cycles of deep discharge at 80% discha
All the plate grids in flat plates and the spines in the Tubular plates are cast in automated high-pressure machine with ma
alloy. Every plate and every cell element is carefully weighed to achieve uniformity within a close tolerance level. Very
achieved by using extra large inter cell connection which are tested 100% in the assembly line and also by high porosity
separators. Tough and high tensile poly - ethylene pocket separators are used in place of cheap PVC separators that are u This adds to reliability under abusive conditions and stops failure from short circuits. Key Advantages:
Up to 10 year of service life
Very-very low water loss

60
Very-very low self-discharge loss. Due to this, the battery can be Strd in charged condition, for very long time withou
All batteries of same type will have very uniform internal resistance. Large numbers can be connected in series or
danger of misbalance within the battery bank.
Very low internal resistance gives you high voltage on discharge and extra back up on load. You get longer back up in
Power Battery as compared with any other battery of same capacity, much better value for money.
Ceramic vent plugs arrest evaporation loss of water.
The tubular batteries are used in the following applications: UPS systems where power demand is for longer period,
conditions, Solar PV systems, Telecom applications - both Base stations and at Repeater stations, Backup systems in Pow
stations and Switch yards, Railways signaling use, etc
TECHNICAL SPECIFIACTION FOR BOTH BATTERY TYPES TECHNICAL SPECIFIACTION FOR FLAT PLATE DEEP CYCLE BATTERY Overall Dimensions of Containers Charging Current
Type
Electrolyte TRICKLE BOOST MODE Volume MODE Nominal Length Width Height Capacity (1.240 Voltage +/- 3 +/- 3 +/- 3 Starting Finishing Sp.Gr) in Min Rate Rate Litres (V) C 20 mm mm mm Litres A A mA 12 12 12 100 120 135 502 513 513 180 220 220 233 257 257 10.5 10.5 11.20 9 10.9 12.2 4.52 5.42 6.10 80 96 108
Max mA 320 384 432
IL 1200 IL 1400 IL 1600

61
IL 1800 IL 1800 Plus IL 2000 IL 2200 IL 16000 IL 18000 IL 18000 Plus IG 18O K
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
150 150 165 180 135 150 150 150
513 513 518 518 513 513 513 515
220 220 275 275 220 220 220 278
257 257 265 265 257 257 257 292
11.50 11.50 15.50 15.00 11.20 11.50 11.50 11.5
13.5 13.5 14.9 16.2 12.2 13.5 13.5 13.5
6.78 6.78 7.46 8.14 6.10 6.78 6.78 6.78
120 120 132 144 108 120 120 120
480 480 528 576 432 480 480 480
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR TUBULAR BATTERY'S Overall Dimensions of Containers Nominal Length Width Height Capacity Voltage +/- 3 +/- 3 +/- 3 (V) ILT 18000 ILT 22000 ILTT 18000 12 12 12 C 20 150 180 150 mm 518 518 500 mm 275 275 187 mm 265 265 430 Electrolyte Volume (1.240 Sp.Gr) in Litres Litres 14.50 17.40 19.30 Charging Current BOOST MODE Starting Finishing Rate Rate A 13.5 16.2 13.5 A 6.78 8.14 6.78 TRICKLE MODE Min mA 120 144 120
Type

62
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
Primary Objective
The prime objective of the research is to analyze the market potential of Invertors&Invertor Batteries for all Brands in District JJR (Haryana).Which Would be help full to the company for increasing their Market Share and Also Helpfull in Reaching in to the untapped Market. Secondary Objective
To find out the untapped area where invertor is not being sold. To study the consumers preference about the different invertor brand To give the best suited suggestion to the company for better enhancement of their product or Services.
Rationale In the recent years, the Indian Invertor &battery market has witnessed a tremendous growth. Supported by the general growth in economy and falling interest rates, the attitude of the urban middle class towards life has changed. This change has bring a big boost in Invertor &Battery market. Consumers are now able to get the Invertor &Battery easily then ever and that also with high technology & varied features.

63
So, Invertors&Batteries provided by the LUMINOUS will helpful for reducing the communication gap between organization and consumers. LUMINOUS also provides on- Sight after sales service . So, in this cut throat competition, channel partners are making consumer happy by providing maximum benefits to them.
Scope
By doing this project it will enable me to understand the Market Potential of a defined region . While doing the competitive study with different Channel Partners Counter Potential. it will give us the better idea to form plans and action for increase the market share. By doing this project it will also enhance the knowledge of ChannelSales.

64
PART-B

65
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The primary data has been collected from the research done on the basis of prepared questionnaires and analysis is done on particular set of collection of data. The secondary data has been collected from the journals, magazines, web sites etc of the Invertor&Battery Companies and with the help of project guide Mr. Amit Sharma and make an analysis of it. By collecting primary and secondary data we can make an analysis of the project according to the topic and accordingly pie charts, histogram and other graphical representation is done and based on data presentations we can draw the conclusion of the overall project. This research has suggestions to the company which will help the company to increase the market share.
OBJECTIVE OF RESEARCH
The prime objective of the research is to analyze the market potential of Invertors&Invertor Batteries for all Brands in District JJR (Haryana).Which Would be help full to the company for increasing their Market Share and Also Helpfull in Reaching in to the untapped Market. There are also additional objectives :-
To know the need, perception, views and psychographics of dealers. To find out the promotional efforts. To know consumer response to a luminous products.. To know what, why, when, where and how the consumer purchase the invertor&battery.

66
SCOPE OF MARKETING RESEARCH
Product Research:- It will provide the information about the new and existing product development, design, necessary change in product on the changing consumer preferences, habit etc.
Consumer Research:- Consumer Research that is investigating into economic, social, cultural, personal and psychological .
Sales Research:- Sales research that is selection of location, channels, evaluating present and proposed sales methods, incremental sales tactics. Promotional Research:- To determine effectiveness of various promotional tools. It will provide the information that how, where and when to promote the Web enabled services. Market Research:- Market research that is to analyse size of market for existing Web enabled servicess, estimating demand for new and existing product, sales forecasting, determine characteristics of market.

67
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
Open-ended and close-ended questionnaire has been used for collection of primary data.
Here in this project I am used the survey method for the research approach. Survey provides systematic gathering of information from respondents for the purpose of understanding or predicting some aspect of behavior of the population of interest. I have done this research through contacting Dealer in , JJR (Haryana). The best thing for obtaining survey method because it has versatility that is most of the problem can approached through survey. Another positive thing with research is that it is easy, speedy and less costly comparison to other research approach. DATA COLLECTION
Data collection is done on questionnaire method and this questionnaire covers all the queries Regarding Invertor&Battery Potential.
SAMPLING PLAN
SAMPLE SIZE:- The sample size consisted of 114 Dealers of JJR(Hr.) .
REASERCH CONDUCTED AREAS
Distributor with Retail Counter Direct Dealer Of Companies

68
Authorized Dealers Electrician Corporate Suppliers The survey was conducted in the Jhajjar(Hr.).
FIELD EXPERIENCE Getting some knowledge about Invertor&Battery Industries. Personal interaction with LUMINOUS Employees. Personal interaction with authority of Dealerships and getting the feed back. Interaction with Elect.ians

69
LIMITATION
Though the project gave us great knowledge about Market Potential, but there were some limitation or restrictions which are as follow:-
The research was restricted to questionnaire. The sample size was limited. The study was limited to JJR(Hr.). The main limitation of this project was the limitation of time.

70
DATA ANALYSIS
MARKET POTENTIAL IN DISTRICT JJR(HARYANA) Battery Tota l Cou nter Size Tota l 250 160 90 90 80 195 160 130 70 130 75 80 50 85 320 75 %sh are Lu m %sh are Exid e %sh are MT EK %sh are othe r
S. Area No.
LOCA T.
Dealer
Counter wise Sales break up fy 09-10 (counter Size) LU Exide M Group 12 0 10 10 10 10 10 5 10 0 10 25 10 5 10 15 5 70 70 15 30 70 30 40 MTk Group Oth ers 120 70 10 80 70 80 70 150 60 50 15 120 70 40 35 20 60
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l Mtnh l JJR JJR JJR JJR
Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s Ch.Wa s JJR JJR JJR JJR
Lohach Elec. Monty Battery Sibu Auto Elect. Sharma Elec. Shiv Elec. Balaji Elec. Harsh Elec. Pawan Auto Elect. Ganga Battery Samrat Vdcon Ent. Himansu Elect. Wrks Sandeep auto Elect. Shri Balaji Auto Elet. Kaushik Elect. Atul Ent. Kumar Elec.
48% 4% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 6%
0%
48%
44% 50%
11% 11% 78% 11% 0% 13% 0% 3% 89% 88%
21% 77% 0% 38%
63% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8%
54% 38%
36% 43% 21% 8% 7% 0% 0% 92% 93%
13% 38% 50% 70% 24%
60 12 0 60
0% 30% 0% 71% 6% 0%
38% 22% 22% 19% 80% 0% 20% 0%

71
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34
JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR
JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR
Virendra Ent. Birla Ent. Vinod Auto Str J.B. Elec. Bhadra Auto Shiv Battery Deepak Battery Haryana Battery Ganesh Auto Elect. Tara Ent. JOON Invertors Jai Auto Str Rajendra Invertor Dayal Elect. Jangra Elect. Chawala Elec. Shri Ram Elec. Jaiswal Auto Elect. Kuldeep Auto Elect. Ganesh Battery Lucky Inv.&Bat. Raman Battery Raju Auto Elect.Wrks Jangra Elect. Bawa Batteries J.K. Elect. Maharaja Elect. United Sales Corp. Sabbarwal Genrater Gaur Inv.&Battery Kumar Elec. Batra Elec. Chugh Invertor
10 70 70 15
100 50 65 270 130 180 70 130 50 100 70 400 150 20 90 100 20 400 70 140 0 70 100 150 30 500 210 20 30 20 10 40 30 60 220
110 120 150 270 185 190 150 150 80 400 85 1100 360 100 100 320 90 405 75 1500 90 110 240 40 500 220 40 35 95 50 130 150 310
0% 9% 0% 58% 0% 0% 47% 10% 0%
50
10
5 10 30 10 10 300 15
50
91% 42% 43% 100 0% 0% 0% % 27% 3% 0% 70% 0% 5% 0% 95% 0% 20% 33% 47% 7% 7% 0% 87% 0% 0% 0% 9% 0% 70% 0% 0% 78% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 8% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 13% 25% 63% 75% 0% 25% 18% 0% 82% 55% 25% 10% 10% 6% 0% 1% 7% 0% 33% 0% 0% 63% 0% 0% 0% 36% 42% 20% 90% 31% 22% 99% 93% 93% 78% 91%
20
10 0 70
600 90 10 10 20
120
200
70 5 5 80 20 10 20 50 10 20
35 JJR 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49
JJR JJR Kblna Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
5% 1% 22% 0% 9% 0% 21% 8% 25% 0%
20
10 10 5 60 5 10 70 20 30 20 30
10
63% 75% 100 0% 0% % 5% 0% 95% 25% 25% 50% 14% 0% 86%
63% 5% 0% 54% 13% 10% 20% 0% 13% 10%
21% 11% 0% 23% 33% 10% 80% 23% 40% 71%
30 50 30

72
50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84
Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Shnkho Bdgh l Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri JHJGH
Shethi Refrigeration 50 Poonia Battery Sharma Elect. Vishal Ent. Jagdamba Traders 45 Elcon Ent. 70 S.S. Elec. 12 Harison Services 0 Panghal Invertor 30 Arya Traders Sanga Elec. Global Info Pwr 10 Sol 0 Powerpunj Batteries Rahul Elec. B.S.Motors 20 15 Jangra Battery 0 Shethi Elec. 55 Friends Battery Harsh Battery 60 Jagdamba Elec. Shetia Elec. Sunita Elect. Indus Ent. Naresh Battery Goshwami Elec. Kadyan Battery Gupta Elec. Randhir Auto Battery S.K. Elec. Prakash Elec. Renu Elec. N.K. Elec. Hansraj Light Soni Elec. Dabas Battery
20 400 10 5 5 20 5 10 10 10 20 10 20 700 300 10 1000 125 20 5 10
100
330 50 5 5 20 165 160 10 300 180
50
500 450 15 10 50 160 170 300 40 510 310 300 220 120 1220 1100 65 1050 350 520 75 110 150 105 110 55 280 220 35 120 25 85 15 130
10% 0% 0% 0% 90% 44% 0% 40% 75% 0% 0%
4% 89% 67% 50% 10% 13% 3% 3% 0% 2% 3%
20% 0% 0% 0% 0% 31% 0% 3% 0% 98% 0% 0%
66% 11% 33% 50% 0% 13% 97% 53% 25% 0% 97% 60%
10 500
33% 7% 0% 0% 2% 14% 85% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0%
30
180 100 500 600 50 125 500 30 100 150 100 100 35 200 120 30 50 20 80 10
5% 14% 82% 17% 0% 83% 57% 0% 41% 27% 15% 95% 36% 4% 7% 9% 5% 0% 0% 11% 0% 53% 0%
50
40 40
10 20
5 10 10 30 50 5 10 5 5 5
30 50 60
55% 0% 5% 36% 96% 40% 91% 100 0% 0% 0% % 0% 5% 0% 95% 0% 9% 0% 91% 18% 18% 0% 64% 7% 11% 11% 71% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 23% 14% 8% 20% 6% 33% 23% 0% 50% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 55% 86% 42% 80% 94% 67% 0% 100 %
12 0
10 70
92% 8% 0% 0%
70

73
85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99
Slws Slws
SLWS SLWS
Bdgh BBpna Mtnh l Mtnhl Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli Bdgh Badli
S.K.Elec. Vikas Battery Lohchab Power Sol. Vikas Battery Shyam Elec. Palace Guruji Elec. Rama Auto Elect. Krisan Auto Elect. Neeraj Elec. Dinesh Auto Elec. Naveen Elec. Pawan Elec. Mahmood Electronic Bijendra Elect. Rakesh Battery Sandeep Auto Elect. Akash Musik Palace Vikas Battery Vikky Elec. Yogi Hardware Priya Engineering Ahlawat Elec. Chudhry Auto Elect. Deshwal Auto Elect. Mahaveer Auto Elec Vikas Battery Pankaj Auto Elect.
25 12 0 20 70 50
5 10 5 20 90 25 15 40 5 10 20 50 50
55 60 20 70 180 300 190 280 30 80 30 50 90 60 40 70
60 95 145 130 390 425 205 350 35 90 30 60 90 60 40 70 35 100 160 65 420 130 120 180 130 80 115
0% 8% 0% 26% 11% 0% 83% 3% 0%
92% 63% 14%
15% 15% 15% 54% 18% 23% 13% 46% 12% 6% 12% 71% 0% 7% 0% 93% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 11% 9% 14% 0% 11% 0% 0% 0% 17% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 80% 86% 89% 100 % 83% 100 % 100 % 100 % 100 % 0% 50% 94% 46%
30
10
Bdgh Badli Ddri 100 Bdgh Toe 101 Bdgh Badli 102 JJR Kkmr NnaMj 103 Bdgh ra NnaMj 104 Bdgh ra 105 JJR 106 JJR Digal Digal Dbldha 107 Beri n Dulher 108 Bdgh a Dulher 109 Bdgh a 110 Bdgh Dbdh 111 JJR Chara
35 40
10 10
50 150 30 260 70 40 170 10 40 70 85
0% 0% 0% 100 % 0% 0% 40% 10% 0% 0% 6% 0% 0%
30 15 0
5 10 10 10 10
46% 8% 36% 2% 0% 8% 58% 8% 0% 6%
50
0% 62% 38% 54% 0% 0% 33% 94% 31% 88% 74%
70
70
10 10 10
54% 8% 8% 0% 13% 0% 17% 9% 0%
20

74
112 JJR 113 JJR 114 JJR
Machr oli Machr oli Machr oli
Haryana Comm. Krisan Hardware Haryana Battery 26 50 4800 2075
70 70 70 135 30
70 70 70 2305 5
0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
0% 0% 0%
100 % 100 % 100 % 59%
11% 21% 9%
MARKET POTENTIAL IN DISTRICT JHAJJAR(HARYANA) Invertor Counter wise Sales break up fy 09-10 (counter Size) Lu MT Othe m k rs 90 15 45 70 15 30 15 30 20 30 20 120 50 80 15 15 30 15 25 25 75 20 25 25 25 35 30 120 40
S. N0.
Tahsil / Area
Locatio n
Dealer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl Mtnhl JJR JJR
Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was Ch.Was JJR JJR JJR JJR
Lohach Elec. Monty Battery Sibu Auto Elect. Sharma Elec. Shiv Elec. Balaji Elec. Harsh Elec. Pawan Auto Elect. Ganga Battery Samrat Vdcon Ent. Himansu Elect. Wrks Sandeep auto Elect. Shri Balaji Auto Elet. Kaushik Elect. Atul Ent. Kumar Elec.
Tota l Size Tota l 150 85 45 50 50 170 95 45 40 100 45 50 35
% % MT Lum K
% OTHE RS
14 15 JJR 16 JJR
150 5
70
60% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 84% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100 30 % 340 35% 45 89%
10% 82% 67% 60% 60% 71% 0% 33% 38% 25% 44% 50% 0% 0% 44% 11%
30% 18% 33% 40% 40% 29% 16% 67% 63% 75% 56% 50% 100% 0% 21% 0%

75
17 18 19 20
JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR
JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR JJR Kblna Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
Virendra Ent. Birla Ent. Vinod Auto Str J.B. Elec. Bhadra Auto Shiv Battery Deepak Battery Haryana Battery Ganesh Auto Elect. Tara Ent. JOON Invertors Jai Auto Str Rajendra Invertor Dayal Elect. Jangra Elect. Chawala Elec. Shri Ram Elec. Jaiswal Auto Elect. Kuldeep Auto Elect. Ganesh Battery Lucky Inv.&Bat. Raman Battery Raju Auto Elect.Wrks Jangra Elect. Bawa Batteries J.K. Elect. Maharaja Elect. United Sales Corp. Sabbarwal Genrater Gaur Inv.&Battery Kumar Elec. Batra Elec. Chugh Invertor Shethi Refrigeration Poonia Battery Sharma Elect. Vishal Ent. Jagdamba Traders
75 40
15 75
300 25 25 200
21 22 JJR JJR 23 24 JJR 25 JJR 26 JJR 27 JJR 28 JJR 29 JJR 30 JJR 31 JJR 32 JJR JJR 33 34 JJR 35 JJR 36 JJR 37 JJR 38 Bdgh 39 Bdgh 40 Bdgh 41 Bdgh 42 Bdgh 43 Bdgh 44 Bdgh 45 Bdgh 46 Bdgh 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
50 25 50 40 15 20 30 40 250 30 15 250 60 15 230 40 480 50 30 15 50 125
80
40 20 100 10 15 30 10 10 5 120 50 900 15 10 20 25 10 100 10 50
20
20
50 70 80 50 40 70 20 0 0 20 20
100 50 15 20 0 0 0
20 160 70 40 10 25 0
300 0% 0% 100 75% 0% 80 50% 19% 275 0% 27% 100 50 % 0% 150 0% 17% 100 50 0% % 100 40% 0% 30 0% 50% 250 0% 8% 70 0% 43% 600 13% 7% 300 0% 83% 60 0% 50% 30 0% 50% 300 0% 83% 100 40 % 0% 120 0% 0% 70 0% 29% 1020 2% 10% 25 0% 40% 25 0% 60% 70 29% 43% 25 0% 0% 20 0% 50% 110 0% 9% 15 0% 33% 50 0% 0% 100 50 % 0% 90 0% 78% 100 80 % 0% 170 29% 59% 250 16% 20% 155 45% 10% 80 25% 25% 10 0% 0% 25 0% 0% 20 100 0%
100% 25% 31% 73% 0% 83% 0% 60% 50% 92% 57% 80% 17% 50% 50% 17% 0% 100% 71% 88% 60% 40% 29% 100% 50% 91% 67% 100% 0% 22% 0% 12% 64% 45% 50% 100% 100% 0%

76
55 Bdgh 56 Bdgh 57 Bdgh 58 Bdgh 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Slws Slws Bdgh Mtnhl Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Shnkhol Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri Beri JHJGH SLWS SLWS BBpna Mtnhl Badli Badli Badli Badli
Elcon Ent. S.S. Elec. Harison Services Panghal Invertor Arya Traders Sanga Elec. Global Info Pwr Sol Powerpunj Batteries Rahul Elec. B.S.Motors Jangra Battery Shethi Elec. Friends Battery Harsh Battery Jagdamba Elec. Shetia Elec. Sunita Elect. Indus Ent. Naresh Battery Goshwami Elec. Kadyan Battery Gupta Elec. Randhir Auto Battery S.K. Elec. Prakash Elec. Renu Elec. N.K. Elec. Hansraj Light Soni Elec. Dabas Battery S.K.Elec. Vikas Battery Lohchab Power Sol. Vikas Battery Shyam Elec. Palace Guruji Elec. Rama Auto Elect. Krisan Auto Elect.
50 30 70 20 0 10 120 25 0 90 150 35 0 60 0 0 0 0 50 30 15 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 100
25 0 0 0 600 10 50 200 15 50 300 25 50 150 0 200 10 0 0 0 40 150 25 30 90 15 40 10
30 35 150 0 0 10 0 20 30 200 170 0 450 30 600 70 10 150 0 70 0 100 110 10 20 10 15 5
25 80 15 90 80
20 10 5 40 70 150 70 150
10 25 35 40 160 170 220 150
% 105 48% 24% 65 46% 0% 220 32% 0% 100 20 % 0% 100 600 0% % 30 33% 33% 170 71% 29% 245 10% 82% 45 0% 33% 340 26% 15% 620 24% 48% 60 58% 42% 500 0% 10% 240 25% 63% 600 0% 0% 270 0% 74% 20 0% 50% 150 0% 0% 100 50 % 0% 100 30% 0% 55 27% 73% 290 14% 52% 135 0% 19% 40 0% 75% 110 0% 82% 25 0% 60% 55 0% 73% 15 0% 67% 100 100 % 0% 30 0% 67% 35 0% 29% 65 38% 8% 120 67% 33% 125 12% 56% 400 23% 38% 320 25% 22% 220 0% 0% 300 0% 50%
29% 54% 68% 0% 0% 33% 0% 8% 67% 59% 27% 0% 90% 13% 100% 26% 50% 100% 0% 70% 0% 34% 81% 25% 18% 40% 27% 33% 0% 33% 71% 54% 0% 32% 40% 53% 100% 50%

77
93 94 95 96 97 98 99
Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh
100 Bdgh 101 Bdgh 102 JJR 103 Bdgh 104 Bdgh 105 JJR 106 107 108 109 110 111 JJR Beri Bdgh Bdgh Bdgh JJR
Badli Badli Badli Badli Badli Badli Badli Ddri Toe Badli Kkmr NnaMjr a NnaMjr a Digal Digal Dbldhan Dulhera Dulhera Dbdh Chara Machrol i Machrol i Machrol i
Neeraj Elec. Dinesh Auto Elec. Naveen Elec. Pawan Elec. Mahmood Electronic Bijendra Elect. Rakesh Battery Sandeep Auto Elect. Akash Musik Palace Vikas Battery Vikky Elec. Yogi Hardware Priya Engineering Ahlawat Elec. Chudhry Auto Elect. Deshwal Auto Elect. Mahaveer Auto Elec Vikas Battery Pankaj Auto Elect. Haryana Comm. Krisan Hardware Haryana Battery 259 5 15 30 0 35 125
5 30 20 30 20 30 30
10 70 40 50 80 40 20 50
15 70 70 70 110 60 50 80
0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
33% 0% 43% 29% 27% 33% 60%
67% 100% 57% 71% 73% 67% 40% 63% 0% 33% 100% 53% 32% 0% 20% 80% 17% 50% 83% 100% 100% 100% 51%
30
30 200 40 90
0% 38% 100 15 % 0% 90 33% 33% 200 0% 0%
70 125
80 70 20 30 20 10
20 80 20 20 50 30 20 30
75 47% 0% 285 44% 25% 100 125 0% % 100 80% 0% 100 0% 20% 120 58% 25% 40 0% 50% 60 0% 17% 30 20 0% 0% 0% 0%
112 JJR 113 JJR 114 JJR
489 0
30 0% 0% 1534 7860 5 17% 32%

78
MARKET SHARE OF BATTERIES
11% 21% 59% 9%
Luminous Exide Mtek Group Other Brands
59 Percent of Dealers is Selling Other Brand Of Different Grade Like Su-Kam,Ace,Leader,Kaycee,Vdcon Etc.21 percent Are Selling Exide Batteries and 11 are Selling Luminous Batteries, on the other hand 9 percent of dealers are sellin Mikrotek Group Batteries is disst. JJR(Hrayana)

79
MARKET SHARE OF INVERTORS
17% 51% 32%
Luminous
Mtek Group
Other Brands
From The Above chart luminous has got 17 percent market share and microtek has got 32 percent of market share while on the other hand other brands like Su-kam & others b grade and local brands have got the 51 percent market share in the entire territory

80
FINDINGS (BATTERY)
Market Share of other brands are more than total of all three brands shares Exide Is have there Maket Shre Mostly In Urban Market Microtek Group Batteries Are Preferable in that market where the rural market is going to develop in to urban market Luminous Batteries are Demanding In both area rural and urban areas Luminous has good market share after Exide
FINDINGS (INVERTOR)
Market Share of other brands are Just Equal of all Two brands shares Market Share of Microtek is just Double to the Luminous Market Share This Chart showing that customer is perfering branded invertor Microtek is preferable in rural market Luminous is preferable in Urban Market

81
SWOT ANALYSIS
The overall evaluation of a companys strengths, weaknesses, opportunity, and threats is called SWOT Analysis.
External Environmental Analysis consists of Opportunity and Threats Analysis. A marketing opportunity is an area of buyer need or potential interest in which a company can perform profitably.
An Environmental Threat is a challenge posed by an unfavorable trend or development that would lead, in absence of defensive marketing action, to deterioration in sales or profit. Internal Environmental Analysis consists of Strength and Weakness Analysis.
STRENGTH
Luminous Is the oldest Brand in Indian market Luminous Has Strong sales force Luminous has wast range of products Product of Luminous is much cheaper than Microtek Luminous is the First Indian company in Invertor industry who Has Sachin Tendulkar as brand ambassador
Luminous Has The biggest Plant in India for invertors It has a team of new and dynamic Service Engineers who are devoted to organizational goal.
Market coverage of company is better than other

82
WEAKNESS
Luminous Scheme is not better than Microtek or exide Scheme Product Quality is not Better than Mtek or Exide Luminous is pioneer in battery Manufecturing
OPPORTUNITY Luminous Can got Take the share of other brands Luminous can go in to rural market to increase their market share Hi-Capacity Invertors may sale in to the market These days it is easy to get a Invertor and battery from the market A new advanced version of Technology with user friendly and more features. Luminous Has to provide customer-end service
THREATS
Various Invertor Manufacturing Companies are entering in to the market Brand image of competitor in battery is high. Customer Loyalty is very high against Exide

83
CONCLUSION
The most of the institutes already have their website and they prefer DEMO CD. Now the market of PHP is also picking up so now the company also developed website in PHP instead of only ASP. The popularity of any company depends on its advertisement and JT Web lacks in this. It is having a cutting edge over its competitors in the field of GIS. The company has bright future and it is due to the fact that there is boom in the IT sector.

84
SUGGESTIONS
Company has to develop sites for the clients in the ASP format and PHP format. The institute wants customized software and it must be online. Company has to provide admin password to their end user/customer with 1 year warrantee. Demo CD becoming popular and many institutes want it. So company has to developed demo CD with flash or dreamweaver or gif animator by appointing the qualified professional. JT web should advertise about themselves via newspaper or electronic media because every institute has internet and newspaper facility. Research & development department should be in the company to know the technological advancement.

85
LIMITATIONS
Though the project gave us great knowledge about Information Technology, but there were some limitation or restrictions which are as follow:-
The research was restricted to questionnaire. The sample size was limited. The study was limited to Delhi & NCR. The main limitation of this project was the limitation of time.

86
BIBLIOGRAPHY
BOOKS
Marketing Research by Harper W. Boyd, Ralph Westfall, Stanley F. Stasch, C.R.Kothari. Marketing Management By Philip Kotler
INTERNET www.ebizel.com www.imesahibabad.ac.in www.jtwebsolution.com www.google.com www.imsproject.org www.elearningeuropa.info www.directeducation.edu

87
ANNEXURES
QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the organization: .. Address: .. No. of employees in the Firm: ...................... Key Decision makers (Purchasing decisions):
Which type of invertor do you sale? a.)Company b.)Local
How Many Invertor do you Sold in Year 2009-2010 ..
How Many Luminous Invertor do you Sold in Year 2009-2010? ..
How Many Microtek Invertor do you Sale in Year 2009-2010? ..
How Many other Invertor do you Sale in Year 2009-2010?

88
..
Which Type Of Invertor YOU Sale?
a.)Company b.)Local
How Many Batteries do you Sold in Year 2009-2010 ..
How Many Exide Battery do you Sold in Year 2009-2010? ..
How Many Luminous battery do you Sold in Year 2009-2010? ..
How Many Microtek Group Battery do you Sale in Year 2009-2010? ..
How Many other Battery do you Sale in Year 2009-2010? ..
How much you think that your counter potential will grow in next fin. year? ..
How Much Be The Counter Share Of Luminous From Your Sale? ..

89
Do You Need Support For Increasing Share Of Luminous?
a.)Advertisment
b.)Extra Incentive
c.)Extra Service Help
Any Suggetion From Your Side?
Name Date. Signature

90

New Sumit Luminous Project

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A Project Report on

Submitted Towards Partial Fulfillment of MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Submitted By:

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Date: (SUMIT KUMAR. SHARMA)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT:-

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

magazines, internet etc.

SAMPLING PROCEDURE:Judgment sampling would be use for collecting the samples.

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

INTRODUCTION OF INVERTOR &BATTERY INDUSTRY IN INDIA

Invertors for Home in India

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Chennai Hyderabad Bangalore Delhi Kolkata

A.)Digital Invertor (Square wave invertor)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

BASICS TECHNICAL THEORY OF INVERTOR:

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

We can make the transformer by changing the windings of an old transformer.

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

fig. 5: "EI"-sheet metals of a 850 VA-shell-type transformer

pulse width regulation):

11,8 Volt 12,35 Volt 12,7 Volt (accord. 9 Vrms

297 Volt 311 Volt 320 Volt

210 Volt 220 Volt 227 Volt

12,9 Volt 13,5 Volt

325 Volt 340 Volt

230 Volt 240 Volt

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

fig. 6: output voltage with no load or inductive load

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Length 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm 150 mm

Width 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm 125 mm -

170 mm 170 mm 175 mm

140 mm 140 mm 140 mm

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

i. Uind = n x F /t converted: 1') n=Uind x t/F

t=transistor switch-on time

A=cross-section area of transformer core

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Uind = 12.7 Volt

B= 1.5 Tesla = 1.5 Vs/ m2 A= 4.8 x 10-3 m2

set in equation 1') results

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

High load resistor R 20:

fig. 7: resistor 0,001 Ohm made of high-grade steel sheet metal

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Alignment of the resistor:

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Shri Ram Institute of Management &Technology Muzaffarnagar (up)

Assembly of the mosfet-transistors on the heat sink: