Chapter 6: PROBLEMS ON AXIAL LOADING Link 1 ( Bar OR r!

"" # E$e%ent:
14. &in' N('a$ Di"p$a)e%ent" Stre""e" an' rea)ti(n *(r)e" *(r the *($$(+in, pr(-$e% !"in, Link1 E$e%ent. Gi/en 'ata: A1 0 12%%34 A3 0 32%%3 E035125 N6%%3

SOLUTION:
1. File>change job name > Enter a5ia$1 2. Ansys Main Menu > Preferences > structural > O !. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > E#EME$% ty"e > A&&'e&it'&elete > a&& > $ink73D Spar1> O( ). Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > *eal constants > A&&'e&it'&elete > A&& > O( > set real +onstant $O, - 1 cross sectional Area - ).> A""ly > +hange *eal constant $o, - 2/ +ross sectional Area - 2. > O( >+lose 0. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Material Pro"erties > Material Mo&els > 1tructural > #inear > Elastic 8 2sotro"ic> 1"ecify Material $o,- 1> O(> 3oungs mo&ulus- 2E0/ Poisson4s ration Minor- ..! > O( 5. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor >Mo&eling> +reate > $o&es > 2n acti6e +1 > 1et $o&e $o, - 1/ 7-./3-./ 8-. > A""ly > 1et $o&e $O, -2/ 7- 2./ 3-./ 8-. > A""ly > 1et $o&e $o, - !/ 7-5./ 3-./ 8-. > O( 9. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling > +reate > elements > %hru $o&es > Pic 1 : 2 no&es > O( ;. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling > +reate >elements >Elements Attributes> 1et Element %y"e $o 1 #2$(1 1et Material $o. 1 1et real constant set $O, - 2 > O( <. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling> +reate> elements > %hru $o&es> Pic no&es 2: ! no&e> O( 1.. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > loa&s =efine #oa&s > a""ly > 1tructural =is"lacement > On $o&es > Pic 1 > O > all =oF > O

58

11. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor >loa&s =efine #oa&s > a""ly > 1tructural > Force'Moment > On $o&es > Pic ! $o&e > O > 1elect F7 > A""ly as +onstant ?alue an& 1elect ?alue of Force'Moment - @1...> O( 12. Ansys Main Menu > solution >1ol6e +urrent #1 >O( 1oln =one > +lose 1!. ansys main menu > general "ost "rocessor > Element table > =efine table > A&& > set user label for item - S RESS/ select item/ com"/ results &ata item - by seAuence number@ select LS41B%y"e 1 after selecting #1C > O( > +lose 1). Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Element %able > #ist Element %able > 1elect 1%*E11 > O( > $ote the stress in elements 10. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > #ist *esults > $o&al 1olution > =of solution > E com"onent of =OFs > O B$ote the $o&al &is"lacement resultsC 15. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > #ist *esults > *eaction 1olutions > 1elect all items > O( > B$ote the reaction solutionC 19. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Plot *esults > =eforme& 1ha"e > 1elect =ef FGnreforme& > O( BHlue line in&icates &eforme& sha"e an& Ihite line in&icates original sha"e 1;. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Plot *esults > +ontour Plots > #ine Element *esults > 1elect #ab1-"tre"" > O Bsee the stress in the membersC 19. File > 1a6e as > 1elect the user &irectory > AEial 2> O(

Results: NODAL SOLUTION- DISPLACEMENTS:

$o&e $o. GE Gy

1 2 3 Results: ELEMENTAL SOLUTION- STRESSES:

Element $o. 1tress

1 2

Results: REACTION SOLUTION:

$o&e $o. FE Fy

Check Fx=

Fy= 59

P*OH#EM1 O$ A72A# #OA=2$D B+OMPO12%E MA%E*2A#1C LINK1 ( BAR OR TRUSS) ELEMENT

15. &in' N('a$ Di"p$a)e%ent"4 Stre""e" an' Rea)ti(n *(r)e" *(r the *($$(+in, Pr(-$e% !"in, Link E$e%ent. Data: A1 0 3122 %%34 E10:2512; N6%%3 A3 0 622 %%34 E3 0322512; N6%%3

SOL< ION: 1. File>change job name > Enter aEial2 2. Ansys Main Menu > Preferences > structural > O !. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > E#EME$% ty"e > A&&'e&it'&elete > a&& > lin @2= 1"ar1> O( ). Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > *eal constants > A&&'e&it'&elete > A&& > O( > set real +onstant $O, - 1 cross sectional Area - 2).. > A""ly > +hange *eal constant $o, - 2/ +ross sectional Area - 5.. > O( >+lose 0. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Material Pro"erties > Material Mo&els > 1tructural > #inear > Elastic 8 2sotro"ic> 1"ecify Material $o, - 1> O(> 3oung4s mo&ulus- 9.E0/ Poisson4s ration Minor- ..! > a""ly > 1"ecify Material $o, - 2> O(> 3oung4s mo&ulus- 2..E0/ Poisson4s ration Minor..! > a""ly > O( 5. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor >Mo&eling> +reate > $o&es > 2n acti6e +1 > 1et $o&e $o, - 1/ 7-./3-./ 8-. > A""ly > 1et $o&e $O, -2/ 7- !../ 3-./ 8-. > A""ly > 1et $o&e $o, - !/ 7-9../ 3-./ 8-. > O( 9. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling > +reate > elements > Auto numbere& > %hru $o&es > Pic 1 : 2 no&es > O( ;. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling > +reate >elements >Elements Attributes> 1et Element %y"e $o 1 #2$(1 1et Material $o. 2 1et real constant set $O, - 2 > O( <. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > Mo&eling> +reate> elements > %hru $o&es> Pic no&es 2: ! no&e> O( 1.. Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor > #oa&s > =efine #oa&s > a""ly > 1tructural =is"lacement > On $o&es > Pic 1 an& !> O > all =OF > O

62

Ansys Main Menu > Pre"rocessor >loa&s > =efine #oa&s > a""ly > 1tructural > Force'Moment > On $o&es > Pic 2n& $o&e > O > 1elect F7 > A""ly as +onstant ?alue an& 1elect ?alue of Force'Moment - 2...e! > O( 12. Ansys Main Menu > solution >1ol6e +urrent #1 >O( 1oln =one > +lose 1!. Ansys main menu > general "ost "rocessor > Element table > =efine table > A&& > set user label for item - 1%*E11/ select item/ com"/ results &ata item - by seAuence number@ select #1/ 1 B%y"e 1 after selecting #1C > O( > +lose 1). Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Element %able > #ist Element %able > 1elect 1%*E11 > O( > $ote the stress in elements 10. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > #ist *esults > $o&al 1olution > =of solution > E com"onent of =OFs > O B$ote the $o&al &is"lacement resultsC 15. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > #ist *esults > *eaction 1olutions > 1elect all items > O( > B$ote the reaction solutionC 19. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Plot *esults > =eforme& 1ha"e > 1elect =ef FGnreforme& > O( BHlue line in&icates &eforme& sha"e an& Ihite line in&icates original sha"e 1;. Ansys Main Menu > Deneral Post Processor > Plot *esults > +ontour Plots > #ine Element *esults > 1elect #ab1-stress > O Bsee the stress in the membersC 19. File > 1a6e as > 1elect the user &irectory > AEial2 > O(

11.

Results: NODAL SOLUTION- DISPLACEMENTS:

$o&e $o. GE Gy

1 2 3 Results: ELEMENTAL SOLUTION- STRESSES:

Element $o. 1tress

1 2 Results: REACTION SOLUTION:

$o&e $o. FE Fy

1 Check:Fx= Fy=

61

Problem - 16
%a"er ro& @ AEial loa&ing. he(reti)a$ 'e*$e)ti(n 0 (1P$ 6 E'1'3#

P - 5 $/ &1 - !. mm/ &2 - 10 mm/ l - !.. mm/ 3oungJs mo&ulus E - 2. D"a/ "oisonJs ratio - ..! Mo&el the figure Iith 1= bar elements an& fin& t1" &is"lacement +arry out con6ergence stu&y BK @ con6ergenceC by increasing the number of elements B1/2/)/;C an& "lot gra"h of &is"lacement ?s number of elements an& com"are Iith theoretical 6alue. No. Of elements: One [ D1 = (d1+d2) / 2 ]

Displacement ux at node 2 (Tip displacement) = No. of elements : Two Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node Length C/S No. No. 1 1-2 2 2-3

Gpa

63

d3 = (d1+d2) / 2 = [ D1 = (d1+d3) / 2 D2 = (d3+d2) / 2 ]

Displacement ux at node 3 (Tip displacement) = No. of elements : Four Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Length C/S Sl. No. Element Node No. Nos 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 3 3 3-4 4 4 4-5 D1 D2 D3 D4

d3 = (d1+d4) / 2 = d4 = (d1+d2) / 2 = d5 = (d4+d2) / 2 = [ D1 = (d1+d2) / 2 D2 = (d3+d4) / 2 D3 = (d4+d5) / 2 D4 = (d5+d2) /2 ]

Displacement ux at node 5 =

6;

Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element d1 d2 Node Length mm No. mm mm Nos 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 3 3 3-4 4 4 4-5 5 5 5-6 6 6 6-7 7 7 7-8 8 8 8-9 Answer Tip Defection Theoretical 1

C/S D mm A mm2

No. of Finite Elements 2 4

Graph of H Convergence

61

Problem - 17 Taper bar. Theoretical deflection = {Pl loge(d1/d2)}/ {E(d1-d2)}

P = 30kN, t = 15 mm, d1 = 100 mm, d2 = 40 mm, l = 300 mm

Young's modulus E = 20 Gpa, poison's ratio = 0.3 Mo&el the figure Iith 1= bar elements an& fin& ti" &is"lacement carry out con6ergence stu&y BK @ con6ergenceC by increasing the number of elements B1/2/)/;C an& "lot gra"h of ?ti" &is"lacement ?s number of elements an& com"are Iith theoretical 6alue.
ELEMENT TYPE =

No. of elements : One

D1 = (d1+d2) / 2

Displacement ux at node 2 =

A1 = D1.t =

65

No. of elements : Two Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node Length C/S No. No. mm area E (Gpa) 1 1-2 2 2-3

d3 = (d1+d2) / 2 D1 = (d1+d3) / 2 D2 = (d3+d2) / 2

Displacement ux at node 3 = No. of elements : Four Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node Length C/S No. No. area 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 3 3 3-4 4 4 4-5

d3 = (d1+d4) / 2 d4 = (d1+d2) / 2 d5 = (d4+d2) / 2 D1 = (d1+d2) / 2 D2 = (d3+d4) / 2 D3 = (d4+d5) / 2 D4 = (d5+d2) /2 D1 D2 D3 D4

66

Displacement ux at node 5 = No. of elements : eight Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node No. d1 d2 Length mm No. mm mm 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 3 3 3-4 4 4 4-5 5 5 5-6 6 6 6-7 7 7 7-8 8 8 8-9 Answer Tip deflection Theoretical 1 No. of Finite Elements 2 4 C/S D, mm A, mm2

Graph of H Convergence

6:

Problem - 18
Consider the bar shown in figure. An axial load p=200 x 103 N is applied as shown. Determine 1) the nodal displacements and the reaction forces & 2) Element stresses. 300 mm p 400 mm

2 1 A1 = 2400 mm2 E1 = 70 x 109 N/m2 A2 = 600 mm2 E2 = 200 x 109 N/m2

Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Length C/S Sl. No. Element Node No. Nos. E (Gpa) 1 2

Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3

Deflection. mm

Load / Reaction N

Element No

Stress MPa

Check R1+R3+P = 0

68

Problem - 19
Determine the displacement field, support reactions & stress in the body shown as loaded. Use 1D bar elements. E = 20 Gpa A = 250 mm2 P = 60 kN Case A

Case B & C Also what will be these values for case B and Case C.

Case B g =1.2 mm Answer

Sl. No . Node No.

Case C g = 2 mm

CASE A Displac Reaction ement N mm

CASE B Displace Reaction ment N mm

CASE C Displac Reaction ement N mm

1 2 3 Stresses in element Mpa

69

Problem - 20
a) An axial load P=300 x 103 N is applied at 20C to the rod as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, reactions and stresses. 200 mm 300 mm

1
p

1 Aluminium A1 = 900 mm2 E1 = 70 x 109 N/m2 1 = 23 x 10-6 perC

2 2 Steel A2 = 1200 mm2 E2 = 200 x 109 N/m2 2 = 11.7 x 10-6 perC

Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node Length C/S Material properties No. No. E (Gpa) 1 1 1-2 2 2 2-3 Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 Deflection. mm Load / Reaction N Element No 1 2 Stress MPa

b) If the temperature is raised to 60 C. Determine displacement, reaction and stresses. Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 Deflection. mm Load / Reaction N Element No 1 2 Stress MPa

Theory Do you know element load vector due to temperature change.

:2

Problem - 21 a) An axial load P=300 x 103 N is applied at 20C to the rod as shown in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, reaction and element stresses. 200 mm2
P=300 kN

400 mm2

150mm

150mm

300 mm

E = 200 x 109 N/m2 (1 kN = 1000 N) Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element Node Length C/S Material properties No. no. E (Gpa) 1 1 2 2 3 3 Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 4 b) Solve the same if the temperature is raised to 60 C Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 4

Deflection.

Load / Reaction

Element No

Stress

Deflection. mm

Load / Reaction N

Element No

Stress MPa

:1

Problem - 22
Consider the bar in figure. Determine the nodal displacements, element stresses and support reactions. The temperature is then raised to 60C 200 mm2
300 kN 600 kN

400 mm2

150mm

150mm

200mm 200mm

E = 200 x 109 N/m2 Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Sl. No. Element No. of Length C/S Material properties No. nodes E (Gpa) 1 2 3 4 Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 4

Deflection. mm

Load / Reaction N

Element No

Stress MPa

:3

Problem 23
a) Determine the displacements, stresses, and support reactions.
800 mm 600 mm 400 mm P1 = 60kN P2 = 75kN

P Aluminiu Stee Steel A = 600 mm2 E = 200 GPa = 11.7 x 10-6 perC

Bronze Bronze A = 2400 mm2 E = 83 GPa = 18.9 x 10-6 perC

Aluminium A = 1200 mm2 E = 70 GPa = 23 x 10-6 perC

Discretisation (connectivity) and material properties Length C/S Material properties Sl. No. Element No. of No. nodes E (Gpa) 1 2 3 Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 4 b) In the structure is subjected to an increase in temperature of 80C. Determine the displacements, support reactions and stresses Answer Sl. No. Node No. 1 2 3 4

Deflection. mm

Load / Reaction N

Element No

Stress MPa

Deflection. mm

Load / Reaction N

Element No

Stress MPa

:;