INTRODUCTION

A bench lathe is a material reduction machine built into a bench or worktable. A lathe takes a
solid block of a material and reduces it to create a symmetrical item. Using a bench lathe, you
can cut, knurl, drill, or sand material down to create a new object. The lathe is designed to
hold the block at two points and spin it while allow the user to reduce the material to the new
shape

Lathes are used in woodturning, metalworking, metal spinning, and glass working. The
material is held in place by either one or two centers, at least one of which can be moved
horizontally to accommodate varying material lengths.

Fig: bench lathe

DESCRIPTION
Parts
A lathe may or may not have a stand (or legs), which sits on the floor and elevates the lathe
bed to a working height. Some lathes are small and sit on a workbench or table, and do not
have a stand.
Almost all lathes have a "bed", which is (almost always) a horizontal beam (although some
CNC lathes have a vertical beam for a bed to ensure that swarf, or chips, falls free of the bed).
 Fig: Parts of a lathe

At one end of the bed (almost always the left, as the operator faces the lathe) is a "headstock".
The headstock contains high-precision spinning bearings.

Fig: headstock
Rotating within the bearings is a horizontal axle, with an axis parallel to the bed, called the
"spindle". Spindles are often hollow, and have exterior threads and/or an interior Morse taper
on the "inboard" (i.e., facing to the right / towards the bed) by which accessories which hold
the work piece may be mounted to the spindle. Spindles may also have exterior threads
and/or an interior taper at their "outboard" (i.e., facing away from the bed) end, and/or may
have a hand wheel or other accessory mechanism on their outboard end. Spindles are
powered, and impart motion to the work piece.
The spindle is driven in modern lathes this power source is an integral electric motor, often
either in the headstock, to the left of the headstock, or beneath the headstock, concealed in the
stand.
The counterpoint to the headstock is the tailstock, sometimes referred to as the loose head, as
it can be positioned at any convenient point on the bed, by undoing a locking nut, sliding it to
the required area, and then relocking it. The tailstock contains a barrel which does not rotate,
but can slide in and out parallel to the axis of the bed, and directly in line with the headstock
spindle. The barrel is hollow, and usually contains a taper to facilitate the gripping of various
type of tooling.

Fig: tailstock
Metalworking lathes have a "cross slide", which is a flat piece that sits crosswise on the bed,
and can be cranked at right angles to the bed. Sitting atop the cross slide is a tool post, which
holds a cutting tool which removes material from the work piece. There may or may not be a
lead screw, which moves the cross slide along the bed.

ACCESSORIES
Unless a work piece has a taper machined onto it which perfectly matches the internal taper
in the spindle, or has threads which perfectly match the external threads on the spindle (two
things which almost never happen), an accessory must be used to mount a work piece to the
spindle.
A work piece may be bolted or screwed to a faceplate, a large flat disk that mounts to the
spindle. Alternatively faceplate dogs may be used to secure the work to the faceplate.
A work piece may be clamped in a three- or four-jaw chuck, which mounts directly to the
spindle or mounted on a mandrel.
A soft work piece (wooden) may be pinched between centers by using a spur drive at the
headstock, which bites into the wood and imparts torque to it.
 Fig: Live center (top) Dead center (bottom)

In precision work (and in some classes of repetition work), cylindrical work pieces are
invariably held in a collet inserted into the spindle and secured either by a drawbar, or by a
collet closing cap on the spindle.
CALCULATION:

Maximum Speed:
Here, n=1450 rpm.
nmax=1450*0.985*(142/254)*(56/34)*(38/38)*(65/43)=2000 rpm.

Minimum Speed:
Here, n=1450 rpm.
nmin =1450*0.985*(142/254)*(51/39)*(21/55)*(22/88)*(22/88)*(27/54)=12.459 rpm.

CONCLUSION:

So in this way we can calculate the maximum & minimum speed of Engine lathe by using
Kinematic diagram. We saw the gear box of Engine lathe & our teacher helped us to
understand the kinematic diagram.
 COURSE NO- IPE-414

EXPERIMENT NO-01

GROUP-B

NAME OF THE EXPERIMENT

STUDY OF DIFFERENT COMPONENETS OF A LATHE MACHINE.

NAME: RAJIB DEBNATH

DATE OF PERFORMANCE

REG NO- 2003334054

18.06.2009

4TH YEAR 1ST SEMESTER

DEPARTMENT INDUSTRIAL AND

PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
DATE OF SUBMISSION