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Introduction This file "modul spread sheet" replaces the previously released "general spread sheet", as well as the tables described in the book "DEWATS - Decentralised Wastewater Treatment in Developing Countries" by Ludwig Sasse, published by BORDA in 1998. It is available from BORDA. The content of this book should be well understood before using the calculations in this file. Please note that no other parameter than COD and BOD reduction are taken care off.
The treatment systems described in the following tables (spread sheets) should be understood as moduls of combined systems. Effluent (outflow) values of a modul are to be used as input data for the unit (modul) following next. Preferable combinations are indicated below. This file consists of the following tables (spread sheets) 1. This "introduction" 2. "ww-mix"; to be used in case wastewaters from different sources are to be treated in one system. 3. "per capita"; to be used if the amount or strength of wastewater is not known but has to be calculated on the base of number of persons who use and pollute water. 4. "Imhoff"; to be used when an Imhoff-tank is used as a separate unit. 5. "septic tank"; to be used when a septic tank is used as a separate unit. 6. "settler 1 ch"; to be used as pre-treatment unit before a baffled reactor or anaerobic pond. 7. "settler 2 ch"; to be used as pre-treatment unit before an anaerobic filter, rarely before a gravel bed. 8. "baffled reactor (BR)"; to be used as anaerobic treatment unit, preferably in combination with sheet 6,11 and 13. 9. "suppl to BR"; to be used as alterantive post treatment unit after the bafled reactor; preferably used when a gravel bed follows as the next treatment step. 10. "anaerob filter (AF)"; to be used as anaerobic treatment unit, preferably in combination with table 7,(11) and 13. 11. "gravel bed"; underground gravel filter, either bare or as planted filter; preferably used in combination with a baffled reactor (tables 6,8,9 and 13). 12. "anaerob pond"; used as anaerobic treatment unit in sufficient distance to human settlements, preferably used in combination with table 6 and 13. 13. "aerobic pond"; used as final and post treatment; preferably used in combination with either 6,8 (and 9,11); 7, 10 (and 11) or 6 and 12. All spread sheets are protected without a password. Neither BORDA nor the author take liability for correctnes of calculation.
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This table is to calculate average organic loading rates for wastewater from mixed sources
Source BW 1 BW 2 GW 1 GW 2
COD-BOD values of total mix flow in m/d COD given BOD given 30.64 1900 790 42.74 1900 790 46.36 300 150 47.26 300 150
1900 300
2.4 1.7
COD
given
BOD
given
300 1900
176 792
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General spread scheet for single septic tank, input and treatment data
daily waste water flow given m/day 40.0 time of max flow most at peak waste hours water flow given calcul. h m/h 12 3.33 COD inflow given mg/l 800
COD/BOD 5 ->
BOD5 outflow calcul. mg/l 259 1.06 kedalaman air minimum pada titik outlet pilihan
0.42
0,4-0,55 domestic
cross section
inlet
longitudinal section
outlet
2.15
2.00
3.00
4.00
2.50
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calcul.
mg/l / mg/l
0.50
0,4-0,55 domestic
0.45
COD/BOD 5 ->
dimensions
desludging interval chosen months 24 max flow at peak hours calcul. m/h 5.00 inner width of septic tank chosen m 2.50 inner length of chamber requir. m 5.03 chosen m 2.00 volume incl. sludge requir. m 25.16 0.0033 actual volume of septic tank check ! m 10.00 COD removal rate calcul. % 29%
cross section
inlet
longitudinal section
outlet
2.15
2.00
2.50
2.00
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calcul.
mg/l / mg/l
0.45
0,4-0,55 domestic
0.43
dimensions
desludging interval chosen months 24 inner width of septic tank chosen m 3.70 minimum water depth at outlet point chosen m 2.30 inner length of first chamber requir. m 1.65 chosen m 1.70 length of second chamber requir. m 0.82 chosen m 0.85 volume incl. sludge requir. m 21.03 0.0033 actual volume of septic tank check ! m 21.70 COD removal rate calcul. % 26%
cross section
inlet
longitudinal section
outlet
2.45
2.30
3.70
1.70
0.85
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dimensions
lowest digester temp. depth at outlet length of chambers required max.! 0.92 chosen m 0.90 length of downflow shaft width of chambers number of upflow chambers
chosen required chosen chosen m min.! m No. 3.70 0.00 3.70 6 min 12 cm, or 0 in case of down pipes actual volume of baffled reactor calcul. m 45.95 COD / BOD removal factor calcul. 1.11 biogas (ass: CH4
70%; 50% dissolved)
chosen m/h 1
BOD rem max peak rate factors to calculate BOD removal rate of baffled reactor flow per calcul. by hour factors calculated according to graphs 76% max.! m/h f-overload f-strength f-temp f-chamb. f-HRT applied 0.82 1.05 0.97 0.92 76% 1.00 3.33
actual upflow velocity calcul. m/h 1.00 total BOD5 rem.rate calcul. % 76%
procedure of calculation
1. Fill in all figures in bold (until A12) 2. Check your effluent quality whether CODout or BODout is sufficient. 3. Check whether the total length of the tank suits your site. 4. If the result is not satisfying increase or reduce the number of chambers (M6) first. 5. If the result is still not satisfying increase or reduce the depth (G6).
treatment efficiency
total COD COD out rem.rate calcul. % 69% calcul. mg/l 237.77 BOD out calcul. mg/l 92.47
principal longitudinal section 4 baffled tanks are shown, actual number chosen is 6
gas release inlet
cross section
V
outlet
2.45
20
2.30
2.30
baffled reactor
0.90 0.00 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90 0.00 0.90
3.70
inside
4.18 outside
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Proposal:
To reduce turbidity of effluent of baffled reactors, it may be advisable to add a last chamber to the calculated number of baffled chambers. This may either be a post sedimentation tank or an upstream filter. BOD (COD) content of the effluent may be reduced by 10% of calculated values (see table below for calculation).
Alternative I
inlet
outflow baffle
baffled reactor
post settler
COD BOD5
238 92 214 83
Alternative II
inlet
COD BOD5
filter
baffled reactor
post filter
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General spread scheet for anaerobic filter (AF) general data dimensions
daily waste water flow given m/day 40.00 time of most waste water flow given h 12 COD inflow given mg/l 238
COD/BOD5
2.57 HRT max. inside AF velocity in reactor filter voids check! check ! h m/h 20.6 1.13 normal max. 24 - 48 h 2.00
specific depth of length of number of width of surface of voids in filter mass filter tanks each tank filter tanks filter tanks filter medium given given chosen chosen chosen chosen m/m % m m No. m 100 40% 2.30 2.00 3 3.70 range range cal.max 80 -120 30-45 2.30 COD removal rate calcul. % 68% BOD5 removal rate calcul. % 75% BOD5 COD outflow of outflow of AF AF calcul. calcul. mg/l mg/l 76 23
treatment data
factors to calculate COD removal rate of anaerobic filter calculated according to graphs f-load f-strenght f-surface f-HRT 1.00 0.89 1.00 0.65
f-temp 1.05
f-chamb. 1.12
intermediate calculations
max. peak BOD/COD flow per rem. hour Factor AF calcul. m/h 3.33 calc. ratio 1.11 org.load on AF COD calcul. kg/m*d 0.28 filter height calcul. m 1.25 biogas net volume of profilter tanks duction calcul. m 34.41 calcul. m/d 1.62
anaerobic filter
outlet
cross section AF
outside 8.07
3 chambers are shown, however, included in total length are: 3
outside 4.18
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General spread sheet for planted gravel filter, input and treatment data
average flow given m/d 6.3 COD in given mg/l 140 BOD5 in given mg/l 70
COD/BOD
ratio calcul.
mg/l / mg/l
2.00
min. hydraulic annual conduct. Temp. Ks wanted given given mg/l C m/d 30 27 200 Ks in m/s=> 2.31E-03 outfl. BOD5
BOD5 COD rem. COD out rem. rate calcul. % 57% calcul. % 53% 1.079 calcul. mg/l 66
dimensions
HRT factor acc. to k20=0,3 calcul. via graph 0.37 HRT calcul. days 3.94 HRT in 35% pore space calcul. days 1.38 cross section area calcul. m 3.15
150
results
surface length of area filter basin required required m 50 calcul. m 7.9 length chosen chosen m 7.9 actual hydr. load org. load surface on chosen on chosen area surface surface chosen calcul. calcul. check ! g/m BOD5 m m/d 50 0.127 8.9
max. loads--> 10
plan
longitudinal section
plantation, preferably phragmites
6.30 rizomes
inlet
outlet
1.0%
0.50
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0.42
BOD5 removal factors calculated acc. to graphs f-HRT f-temp f-number 0.69 100% 108%
domestic-> 0,35-0,45
treatment data
COD / BOD5 calcul. ratio 2.35 BOD5 removal rate calcul. % 75% BOD / COD remov. calc. factor 1.12 COD removal rate calcul. % 67% COD out calcul. mg/l 670 BOD5 out calcul.
mg/l
214
org. load odourless BOD5 on limit of total vol. org. load calcul. max.!**) g /m*d g /m*d 541 263
**) if org.load is too high increase pond size or reduce desludging interval
dimensions
depth of pond chosen m 2.0 total area of pond calcul. m 933 width of ponds chosen m 7.50 total length of pond required m 124.43 length of length of number of each pond equal ponds (if equal) ponds chosen number 2 required m 62.22 chosen m 65.00
biogas potential
methan content assumed ratio 70% nondissolv. methan prod. assumed ratio 50% potential biogas product. calcul. m/d 86.47
inlet
longitudinal section
outlet
cross section
2.00
7.50
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General spread sheet on aerobic - facultative ponds, input and treatment data
daily flow COD in BOD5 in given mg/l 120 2.50 deBOD5 out min. water sludging temp. (wanted) interval chosen mg/l 30 given C 25 chosen months 120 depth of ponds chosen m 1.5
0,9-1,2 m
BOD5 HRT BOD rem. COD rem COD out rem factor required for HRT calcul. % 75% calcul. % 67% normally area of polish pond calcul. m 13,540 calcul. mg/l 100
0,05 -1,0
given given m/d mg/l 20,310 300 COD/BOD ratio--> accum. sludge volume
calcul % 0.40
polishing pond
width of polish. pond chosen m 150.00
total
area of all length of ponds polish. without pond dams required calcul. m m 90.27 103,540
150.00
1. pond
2. pond
3. pond
200.00
200.00
200.00
90.27 minimum
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