2. 10.

Roof Greening Options and Applications In ArchSD projects, the design of installation details of green roofs is usually carried out by specialist contractors. This section briefly describes the types of green roof and summarizes the installation details adopted for three completed ArchSD projects, namely
i! ii! iii! Tin Shui "ai #ublic $ibrary cum Indoor %ecreation &entre '#"# (o. 0)*%+! Tseung ,-an . &omple/ in Area )), Tseung ,-an . '#"# (o. 100S&! "o 1op She2 &olumbarium and +arden of %emembrance '#"# (o. 013(4!

10.5

Types of Green Roof

10.5.1 +reen roofs are classified into t-o types i! 6/tensi7e +reen %oofs are characterized by their lo- -eight, locapital cost and minimal maintenance. They are generally light-eight systems -ith soil depth ranging from 80mm to 180mm. #lants are -atered and fertilized only until they are established and after the first year, maintenance consists of t-o or three 7isits a year for -eeding of in7asi7e tree and shrub species, mo-ing, safety and membrane inspections. As a general rule, minimal technical e/pertise or practical e/perience is re9uired for installation and maintenance. Intensi7e +reen %oofs are characterized by greater -eight, higher capital costs, more plantings and higher maintenance re9uirements. #lants are gro-n and maintained in -ays similar to ground le7el gardens, -ith soil depths that 7ary according to plant re9uirements, ranging from a minimum of 500mm depth for la-ns to up to 5000mm depth for tree planting, -ith corresponding structural loading implications. Due to increased soil depth, the plant selection can be more di7erse including trees and shrubs, -hich allo-s a more complete ecosystem to de7elop. %e9uirements for maintenance and -atering are more demanding and ongoing than -ith an e/tensi7e green roof. Intensi7e green roofs can be found in many building structures in 1ong ,ong in the form of podium le7el gardens.

ii!

10.5.5 In both types of green roof, all basic components are placed directly on top of the finished floor surface 'screeding or -ater:proofing!, -hich can be either reinforced:concrete or composite steel structure. 10.5.; The components of a green roof system are non:structural building elements. Typical green roof construction arrangement options for long span roof structures are as follo-s
Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age 1 of 18 <ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

<ormation of planter -ith drainage systems by steel sub:frames, corrugated sheets and layers of membranes '<igure 1! @ the system is designed to match -ith site geometry and constraints. 6/amples of suppliers of components include %igisystem, Ainco, etc.B or Installation of modular systems such as plastic trays or pre:planted mats containing the gro-ing medium onto the finished concrete surface '#hotos and e/amples of suppliers are sho-n in <igure 5!B or &onstructing the planters by reinforced concrete -alls or recesses in floor slabs @ this arrangement is more common -ith intensi7e green roofs -here the soil depths are much deeper.

Figure 1: Typical Detail of Green Roof as shown on Rigisystems website

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 5 of 18

<ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

Cegetated ?at System '6/amples of suppliers 6le7ated $andscape Technologies, etc.!

Tray System '6/amples of suppliers $i7e%oof, +reenlin2, +reen+rid, +reenTech, etc.!

Sac2 System '6/amples of suppliers +reen #a2s, etc.!

Figure 2: Modular Green Roof Systems 10.; Application of +reen %oof in Arch SD projects

10.;.1 Appendix A describes the application of green roof for three completed Arch SD projects -ith illustrations of their depositions and installation details 10.;.5 In the first t-o ArchSD projects discussed belo-, the green roofs are pro7ided on the long:span roof supported by steel trusses. 6/tensi7e green roof system -as adopted instead of intensi7e green roof. This arrangement minimized the imposed loads on the trusses to optimize structural economy against architectural re9uirements. 10.;.; The last project illustrates an e/ample of the intensi7e green roof system supported by con7entional reinforced concrete slab and beam structures. This type of relati7ely short span structures is generally more appropriate for meeting the higher loading and maintenance re9uirements due to the increased soil depth and -atering demand respecti7ely. 10.; Installation Details adopted for Tin Shui Wai Pu lic !i rary cu" Indoor Recreation #entre $TSW%IR#&

10.;.1 The green roof system for TS":I%& is a tailor:made system that -as designed and built by the &ontractor. The roof floor itself is supported by steel trusses spanning at about ;8m. Steel sub:frames and roof dec2ing are installed onto the steel trusses to build up to the re9uired le7els and pitch angles.
Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age ; of 18 <ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

"aterproofing is formed by a continuous, fully lapped '80mm minimum o7erlap! layer of 7apour barrier is laid onto the dec2ing, -ith laps and edges sealed -ith aluminium tape. Aluminium halters 'to support the green roof!, insulation and the roof panel are then installed on top of the 7apour barrier. 10.;.5 The green roof system, supported on a profile dec2ing, are installed and supported by the aluminium halters. Drainage layer and soil are then placed on this dec2ing to complete the green roof installation. 10.;.; The green roof system comprises of the follo-ing layers 'top to bottom! Soil, Sedummi/ ?at and plants Drainage mat and filter layer 0.0mm th2 %igidal ;5=1D3=1000 Aluminium #rofile Aluminium frame ')0mm deep %1S sections! at 58mm abo7e 4uilding %oof, supported by aluminium halters fi/ed to rigidal panels belo- by Stainless steel scre-s 4uilding %oof 8. %igidal Aip $o2 )00 Aluminium Standing seam roof. D. Insulation 3. Capour barrier *. %oof dec2ing @ <isher T%A#6E 180=5*0 1.8mm th2 +?S Dec2ing 0. Steel sub:frame to build up to %oof le7el as re9uired by Architect $ong:span Steel Truss Supporting %oof floor +reen %oof 1. 5. ;. ).

General iew of Green Roof at TS!"#R$

$lose"%p iew

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age ) of 18

<ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

Green Roof

'uilding Roof

Steel Truss

Figure &: Typical Roof Section for TS!"#R$

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age 8 of 18 <ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

( Green Roof ) * +
ALUMINIUM FRAME (40MM DEEP RHS SECTIONS) AT 25MM ABOVE BUILDING ROOF, SUPPORTED BY ALUMINIUM HALTERS FIXED TO RIGIDAL PANELS BELOW BY STAINLESS STEEL SCREWS

'uilding Roof , .

/
STEEL SUB-FRAME TO BUILD UP TO ROOF LEVEL AS RE UIRED BY ARCHITECT

Figure ': Typical Detail of Green Roof for TS!"#R$ ()umbers denote roof components as described in *aragraph 1+,&,&Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age D of 18 <ile &ode $&& of long span roof.doc "T$=&>T=>1& Issue=%e7ision Date ?ar 501;

10.;.) Some photos of the installation of the green roof system are sho-n belo-

Steel Truss. Sub"frame and Dec/ing

apour 0arrier. #nsulation and supporting clips for roof panels

#nstallation of roof panels (Rigidal 1ip 2o/ '++ 3luminium Standing seam roof-

#nterloc/ing of roof panels panels (Rigidal 1ip 2o/ '++ 3luminium Standing seam roof-

3luminium supporting frame for planter container supported on aluminium halters

Rigidal 3luminium dec/ing as planter container (+,4mm th/ Rigidal &2516751+++ 3luminium *rofile-

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 3 of 18

0.0mm th2 aluminium profile -ith perforated di7ider

%igidal Aip $o2 %oof

Drain &hannel

+utter

Typical Green Roof Section

General 8iew of Green Roof prior to filling of soil

$omposite mat drain installed 10.)

Filling of soil and plants

Installation Details adopted for Tseung 01an O #o"plex in Area **2 Tseung 01an O $T0O #o"plex&

10.).1 <or T,. &omple/, a modular green roof system in the form of plastic trays -as installed. The chosen product, +reenlin2 ?$:158 ?odular #anel '<igures 8 and D!, is made from 100F recycled 1igh Density #olypropylene resin, and the manufacturer claimed that the system is suitable for use o7er any type of -atertight membrane. 10.).5 The roof floor at T,. &omple/ is supported by steel trusses spanning at )1.8m. Similar to TS":I%&, steel sub:frames and roof dec2ing are installed onto the steel trusses to build up to the re9uired le7els and pitch angles. Capour barrier and insulation are then installed on the roof dec2ing '%efer to <igure 3 for -aterproofing details!. 10.).; A layer of geote/tile and a further layer of -aterproofing are then applied. The plastic trays are placed on top of the -aterproofing membrane to complete the green roof installation. There is no fi/ing bet-een the green tray and the roof and uplift -ind pressure is counterbalanced by the dead load of all the trays lin2ed up together. To minimize the lift up force by the -ind, an aluminium edge -as installed on four sides to seal up the gap of the tray underneath.
Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age * of 18

Greenlin/ M2"129 Modular *anel

Figure 9: Dimensions of Greenlin/ M2"129 Modular *anel

Figure 6: Schematic of Modular Green Roof at T:; $omple< 10.).) The green roof system of T,. &omple/ is summarized as belo- 'top to bottom! +reen %oof 4uilding %oof 1. Tray System @ +reenlin2 ?$:158 ?odular +reen %oof System 5. "aterproofing and insulation '%efer to <igure 3! ;. &orrugated steel roof dec2ing ). Steel sub:frame to build up to %oof le7el as re9uired by Architect $ong:span Steel Truss Supporting %oof floor

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 0 of 18

Figure 7: !aterproofing Detail for T:; $omple< 10.).8 The green roof supplier also pro7ides a built:in irrigation system, a layer of non: -o7en geote/tile layer, supporting grille, anti:erosion guard, substrate and plates. 10.).D The outside dimension of each standard tray is 85*mm / 85*mm / 158mm '1!. The system has high compressi7e strength and interloc2s so that the units can accommodate changing slopes and cur7ed surfaces. "ithin each tray, there are three main layers, namely 'from top to bottom!, '1! #lant le7el, '5! Substrate soil and ';! <ilter sheet. 10.).3 Installation of the plastic trays is generally carried out by manual labour. The plastic trays are interloc2ed -ith each other by pins. Although it is possible to install pre: planted modules, the modules -ere installed as empty trays to facilitate lifting operation and manual installation. 10.).* Some photos of the installation of the green roof system are sho-n belo-

Steel Truss and sub"frame

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#nstallation of roof dec/ing

#age 10 of 18

#nstallation of 8apour barrier and insulation

#nstallation of waterproofing membrane

#nstallation of top protection membrane

*ositioning of plastic trays

#nterloc/ing of plastic trays

#nstalled *lastic trays

Filling of Soil (*hoto ta/en for a different pro=ect. Greenlin/ website-

*lanting of egetation (*hoto ta/en for a different pro=ect. Greenlin/ website-

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 11 of 18

10.8

Installation Details adopted for the #olu" ariu" and Garden of Re"e" rance at 0iu Tau Road2 Wo 3op She4

10.8.1 The buildings adopted the intensi7e green roof system -ith similar installation details on top of the finished roof floor surface 'screeding and -aterproof membrane!. The roof floor itself is constructed of reinforced concrete slab and beam structures and spanning a ma/imum distance of about 18m bet-een column=-all supports. 10.8.5 &onstruction of the roof top gardens co7ering mainly la-n areas and seatings, -as carried out according to the architectGs details 'refer <igures * and 0!. The intensi7e green roof system comprises the follo-ing layers 'top to bottom! 1. 5. ;. ). 8. D. 3. Top soil mi/ Drainage layer, ?iraD%AI( 0000 D0mm thic2 &=S screed -ith 4%& Insulation board cast -ith 58mm thic2 -aterproof &=S screed "aterproof membrane 1 ; &=S screed laid to fall, min. 58mm thic2 %& roof slab and beam supporting structure

Wo Hop Shek Columbarium: Views on Green Roof Garden

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=: #age 15 of 18

Figure 8: Typi al !e"ails of #awn

Figure $: Typi al !e"ails of Roof Garden

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 1; of 18

10.8.; Site photos for the installation of green roof system are sho-n belo-

1. $aying -aterproof membrane

5. "ater test after laying membrane

;. $aying insulation boards

). Applying cement and sand screeding

8. $aying ?iraD%AI( drainage layer

D. $aying sub:soil drain pipes

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 1) of 18

3. 4ac2filling of soil

*. +reen roof la-n and seatings

10.D

O ser5ations and Discussions

10.D.1 Discussion on the ad7antages and disad7antages of the plastic tray green roof system can be found in Section 3.5 of the report HStudy on +reen %oof Application in 1ong ,ong @ <inal %eportI commissioned by ArchSD and issued by Jrbis $imited in 5003. The report can be found at the Intranet -eb site of #roperty Ser7ices 4ranch at the follo-ing lin2 http ==psbiis=psb=refer=1ealthF50SafetyF506n7ironment=+reening F50&orner=+reenK%oofKStudy:<inalK%eport.pdf 10.D.5 &onstruction for both the TS":IT& and T,. &omple/ -ere completed in ?ay 5011. <eedbac2 sought from the respecti7e #roject Architects, &ler2s of "or2s and #roperty Ser7ices ?anagers indicated that there had been no reportable defect on the green roof and -aterproofing installation from both projects since their completion up to early 501;.

Structural 6ngineering 4ranch, ArchSD Issue (o.=%e7ision (o. 1=:

#age 18 of 18