D68136GC10 Toc

Architect Enterprise
Applications with Java EE

Volume 1 Student Guide
D68136GC10
Edition 1.0
January 2011
D71725
Copyright 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

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Author
Joe Greenwald
Technical Contributors and Reviewers
Linda deMichiel, Ian Evans, Roberto Chinnici, William Markos, Shreechar Ganapaphy,
Vishal Mehray
This book was published using:
Oracle Tutor
Table of Contents
Introducing Enterprise Architecture ...............................................................................................................1-1
Introducing Enterprise Architecture ................................................................................................................1-2
Lesson Objectives ..........................................................................................................................................1-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................1-4
Course Objectives ..........................................................................................................................................1-5
Target Audience .............................................................................................................................................1-7
Introductions ..................................................................................................................................................1-8
Course Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................1-9
Classroom Guidelines ....................................................................................................................................1-11
Appendices Used in the Course .....................................................................................................................1-12
For More Information......................................................................................................................................1-13
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................1-14
Discussion Questions .....................................................................................................................................1-15
Challenges of Enterprise Applications............................................................................................................1-16
What Is Software Architecture? ......................................................................................................................1-17
Justifying the Need for Software Architecture ................................................................................................1-19
Client-Server System .....................................................................................................................................1-21
Highly Distributed System ..............................................................................................................................1-22
Quality of Service ...........................................................................................................................................1-23
Risk Evaluation and Control ...........................................................................................................................1-25
The Goal of Architecture ................................................................................................................................1-27
What Is Enterprise Architecture?....................................................................................................................1-28
Enterprise Architects and Enterprise Application Architects ...........................................................................1-29
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................1-31
The Architect Role..........................................................................................................................................1-32
The Architect's Involvement ...........................................................................................................................1-33
Responsibilities of an Architect ......................................................................................................................1-34
Architect and Other Team Members ..............................................................................................................1-37
Analyze Evaluate Prescribe .....................................................................................................................1-40
Influencing Factors .........................................................................................................................................1-41
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................1-42
Additional Resources .....................................................................................................................................1-45
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................1-46
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................1-49
Practice 1 Overview: Review Questions: Introducing Enterprise Architecture ...............................................1-50
Introducing Fundamental Architectural Concepts ........................................................................................2-1
Introducing Fundamental Architectural Concepts..........................................................................................2-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................2-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-5
Which Is More Important, Architecture or Design? .........................................................................................2-6
Distinguishing Between Architecture and Design ...........................................................................................2-7
Common Principles Between Architecture and Design ..................................................................................2-8
Architectural Principles ...................................................................................................................................2-10
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-12
Architectural Patterns and Design Patterns ...................................................................................................2-13
Architectural Patterns .....................................................................................................................................2-15
Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

i
The Layers Pattern.........................................................................................................................................2-16

The MVC Pattern ...........................................................................................................................................2-17
The Tiers Pattern ...........................................................................................................................................2-18
Model 1 Architecture ......................................................................................................................................2-20
Model 2 Architecture ......................................................................................................................................2-21
PAC Architectural Pattern ..............................................................................................................................2-22
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-23
Typical Software Deliverable Artifacts ............................................................................................................2-24
Architectural Blueprint ....................................................................................................................................2-26
The 4+1 View Model ......................................................................................................................................2-27
The Architectural Prototype ............................................................................................................................2-29
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-30
Architecture Modeling Using UML ..................................................................................................................2-31
Class Diagrams ..............................................................................................................................................2-32
Interaction Diagrams ......................................................................................................................................2-33
Communication Diagrams ..............................................................................................................................2-34
Sequence Diagrams.......................................................................................................................................2-35
Component Diagrams ....................................................................................................................................2-36
Types of Components ...................................................................................................................................2-37
Deployment Diagrams ....................................................................................................................................2-39
Types of Deployment Diagrams .....................................................................................................................2-41
Package Diagrams .........................................................................................................................................2-42
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-43
Architecture Workflow Steps ..........................................................................................................................2-44
Select the Architecture Type ..........................................................................................................................2-46
Type of Software Architectures ......................................................................................................................2-47
Standalone Applications .................................................................................................................................2-48
Client/Server (2-Tier) Applications .................................................................................................................2-49
Application-centric N-Tier Applications ...........................................................................................................2-50
Web-centric N-Tier Applications .....................................................................................................................2-51
Enterprise-centric N-Tier Applications ............................................................................................................2-52
Creating the Detailed Deployment Diagram ...................................................................................................2-53
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-54
What Is an Enterprise Architecture Framework? ............................................................................................2-55
Popular Enterprise Architecture Frameworks .................................................................................................2-56
Comparison of EA Frameworks .....................................................................................................................2-57
Oracle Enterprise Architecture Framework ....................................................................................................2-58
The Oracle Architectural Development Process.............................................................................................2-59
TOGAF to OEAF Mapping .............................................................................................................................2-60
OADP to TOGAF ADM Mapping ....................................................................................................................2-61
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................2-63
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................2-68
Practice 2 Overview: Model Initial Architecture ..............................................................................................2-69
Developing a Security Architecture ................................................................................................................3-1
Developing a Security Architecture ................................................................................................................3-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................3-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-5

ii
Types of Access Control ................................................................................................................................3-6

Role-based Access Control (RBAC) ..............................................................................................................3-8
Invasions ........................................................................................................................................................3-10
Regulatory Constraints ...................................................................................................................................3-12
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-13
Impact of Security ..........................................................................................................................................3-14
Securing the Network Services ......................................................................................................................3-15
Securing the Hosting Environment .................................................................................................................3-16
Securing Applications .....................................................................................................................................3-17
Common Security Principles ..........................................................................................................................3-18
Maintaining Corporate Security Policies.........................................................................................................3-19
Self-Preservation............................................................................................................................................3-21
Defense in Depth ...........................................................................................................................................3-22
Least Privilege................................................................................................................................................3-23
Compartmentalization ....................................................................................................................................3-24
Proportionality ................................................................................................................................................3-25
Costs and Benefits of Security Features ........................................................................................................3-26
Resolving Trade-Off Items in Security............................................................................................................3-27
How Do You Know Your Users? ....................................................................................................................3-28
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-29
Examining Security in the Java EE Technology .............................................................................................3-30
Defining Java EE Security Terminology .........................................................................................................3-31
Authentication ................................................................................................................................................3-32
Defining Protection Domains ..........................................................................................................................3-33
Authorization ..................................................................................................................................................3-34
Data Confidentiality and Integrity ...................................................................................................................3-35
Selecting Cipher Suites ..................................................................................................................................3-36
Declarative and Programmatic Security .........................................................................................................3-38
Declarative Security .......................................................................................................................................3-39
Programmatic Security ...................................................................................................................................3-41
Comparing Declarative Security and Programmatic Security .........................................................................3-42
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-44
Understanding Web Services Security ...........................................................................................................3-45
XML Signature ...............................................................................................................................................3-47
XML Encryption ..............................................................................................................................................3-50
Web Service Security (WS-Security) ..............................................................................................................3-52
Addressing Web Services Security Requirements .........................................................................................3-53
Message Structure in WS-Security ................................................................................................................3-54
Web Services Security and Java EE ..............................................................................................................3-56
Web Service Security in Oracle WebLogic .....................................................................................................3-57
Web Service Interoperability Technology (WSIT)...........................................................................................3-58
Security Assertion Markup Language ............................................................................................................3-59
SAML Terminology.........................................................................................................................................3-61
SAML WS-Security Architecture ....................................................................................................................3-62
SAML WS-Security Profiles ...........................................................................................................................3-63
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................3-65
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................3-70
Practice 3 Overview: Identifying Security Risks ............................................................................................3-71

iii
Understanding Nonfunctional Requirements ................................................................................................4-1

Understanding Nonfunctional Requirements ..................................................................................................4-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................4-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-5
Functional and Nonfunctional Requirements .................................................................................................4-6
Nonfunctional Requirements ..........................................................................................................................4-7
Nonfunctional Requirements Categories ........................................................................................................4-8
Impact of Dimensions on Nonfunctional Requirements..................................................................................4-12
Making Trade-Off Decisions on System Dimensions .....................................................................................4-16
Capture and Examine NFRs ..........................................................................................................................4-17
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-18
Introducing Redundancy to the System Architecture .....................................................................................4-19
Load Balancing ..............................................................................................................................................4-20
Failover ..........................................................................................................................................................4-22
Effects of Failover ..........................................................................................................................................4-23
Clusters ..........................................................................................................................................................4-24
Common Cluster Configurations ....................................................................................................................4-25
Two Node Cluster: Asymmetric ......................................................................................................................4-26
Two Node Cluster: Symmetric........................................................................................................................4-27
Clustered Pairs Topology ...............................................................................................................................4-28
N+1 Topology.................................................................................................................................................4-29
N*N Topology .................................................................................................................................................4-30
Evaluating Replication Strategies...................................................................................................................4-31
Machine Equivalence .....................................................................................................................................4-32
Network Design ..............................................................................................................................................4-33
Cost Consideration.........................................................................................................................................4-34
Improving Performance and Throughput ........................................................................................................4-35
Improving Availability .....................................................................................................................................4-36
Improving Extensibility and Flexibility .............................................................................................................4-37
Improving Scalability ......................................................................................................................................4-38
Virtualization ..................................................................................................................................................4-39
JVMs ..............................................................................................................................................................4-41
Packaging and Deployment Considerations ..................................................................................................4-43
Testing ...........................................................................................................................................................4-44
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-46
Prioritizing Quality-of-Service (QoS) Requirements .......................................................................................4-47
System Design Considerations ......................................................................................................................4-49
Ranking QoS Requirements ..........................................................................................................................4-50
Prioritization of QoS Requirements ................................................................................................................4-52
Reviewing Quality Estimation .........................................................................................................................4-53
Revising QoS Values .....................................................................................................................................4-54
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-55
Inspecting QoS Requirements for Trade-Off Opportunities ............................................................................4-56
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................4-59
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................4-64
Practice 4 Overview: Consider the impact of Nonfunctional Requirements ..................................................4-65

iv
Defining Common Problems and Solutions - Part 1 .....................................................................................5-1

Defining Common Problems and Solutions ....................................................................................................5-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................5-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-5
Identifying Key Risk Factors ...........................................................................................................................5-6
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................5-7
System Flexibility ...........................................................................................................................................5-8
Network Communication and Layout .............................................................................................................5-9
Transaction Model..........................................................................................................................................5-10
Security Model ...............................................................................................................................................5-11
System Sizing and Planning ..........................................................................................................................5-12
Estimation Best Practices ..............................................................................................................................5-13
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-14
Designing a Flexible Object Model .................................................................................................................5-15
Using Abstractions .........................................................................................................................................5-16
Applying Object-Oriented Principles ...............................................................................................................5-17
Open-Closed Principle ...................................................................................................................................5-18
Dependency Inversion Principle .....................................................................................................................5-20
Interface Segregation Principle ......................................................................................................................5-21
Composite Reuse Principle and Separation of Concerns Principle ................................................................5-22
Common Closure Principle and Common Reuse Principle ............................................................................5-23
Applying Patterns ...........................................................................................................................................5-24
Common Pattern Catalogs .............................................................................................................................5-25
Gang of Four (GoF) Design Patterns .............................................................................................................5-26
Java EE Patterns ...........................................................................................................................................5-27
Architecture Patterns by Buschmann, et al. ...................................................................................................5-30
The Layers Pattern.........................................................................................................................................5-31
Enterprise Integration Patterns.......................................................................................................................5-32
Enterprise Application Architecture Patterns ..................................................................................................5-33
Pattern Integration..........................................................................................................................................5-34
Using Patterns Across a Network...................................................................................................................5-35
Object-Based Patterns ...................................................................................................................................5-37
Using Reliable Frameworks ...........................................................................................................................5-38
Open Source Issues.......................................................................................................................................5-39
Service-Based Architecture ............................................................................................................................5-40
Developing Service-Based Architectures .......................................................................................................5-41
Types of Services...........................................................................................................................................5-43
Granularity of Services ...................................................................................................................................5-44
Versioning Services .......................................................................................................................................5-46
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................5-48
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................5-50
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................5-54
Practice 5 Overview: Create a Flexible Object Model ...................................................................................5-55
Defining Common Problems and Solutions - Part 2 .....................................................................................6-1
Defining Common Problems and Solutions ....................................................................................................6-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................6-3

v
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-5

Network Communication Guidelines ..............................................................................................................6-6
Network Performance Guidelines...................................................................................................................6-7
Distributed Computing Fallacies.....................................................................................................................6-8
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................6-9
Creating a Network Model ..............................................................................................................................6-10
Estimating Network Latency ...........................................................................................................................6-11
Constructing Efficient Data Models ................................................................................................................6-13
Increased Operation Granularity ....................................................................................................................6-14
Compression ..................................................................................................................................................6-15
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-16
Justifying the Use of Transactions .................................................................................................................6-17
When Are Transactions Required ..................................................................................................................6-18
CAP Conjecture .............................................................................................................................................6-20
ACID versus BASE ........................................................................................................................................6-21
Difficulties of Transaction Models...................................................................................................................6-22
Types of Transactions ....................................................................................................................................6-23
Impact of Transactions on Latency and Request Frequency? .......................................................................6-24
Write-Write Conflict ........................................................................................................................................6-26
Deadlock ........................................................................................................................................................6-27
What Do You Think ........................................................................................................................................6-28
Isolation Levels ..............................................................................................................................................6-29
Transaction (Txn) Isolation Phenomena ........................................................................................................6-30
Transactions Already Committed ...................................................................................................................6-32
Creating the Transaction Model .....................................................................................................................6-33
Analyzing Application Transaction Requirements ..........................................................................................6-35
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................6-37
Creating an Application's Transaction Model .................................................................................................6-38
Transaction Performance Metrics ..................................................................................................................6-40
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-42
Planning System Capacity .............................................................................................................................6-43
Two Extremes for System Capacity ...............................................................................................................6-44
System Load Characteristics .........................................................................................................................6-45
Estimating Transaction Load ..........................................................................................................................6-46
Estimating Transaction Rate ..........................................................................................................................6-47
Estimating Client Load ...................................................................................................................................6-48
Sizing the System ..........................................................................................................................................6-50
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................6-52
Planning Scalability ........................................................................................................................................6-53
Machine Performance Profiles .......................................................................................................................6-54
Cloud Computing ...........................................................................................................................................6-55
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................6-59
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................6-63
Practice 6 Overview: Consider Network, Transaction and Capacity Planning for the Architecture ...............6-64
Java EE 6 Overview .........................................................................................................................................7-1
Java EE 6 Overview .......................................................................................................................................7-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................7-3

vi
Java EE 6 Goals ............................................................................................................................................7-5

Distributed Multitiered Applications ................................................................................................................7-7
Java EE Server Communications...................................................................................................................7-9
Web Tier and Java EE Applications ...............................................................................................................7-10
Business and EIS Tiers ..................................................................................................................................7-11
Java EE Containers .......................................................................................................................................7-12
New Features: EJBs ......................................................................................................................................7-14
New Features: Java Servlet Technology........................................................................................................7-16
New Features: JSF 2.0 ..................................................................................................................................7-18
New Features: Java API for RESTful Web Services ......................................................................................7-20
New Features: Managed Beans .....................................................................................................................7-21
New Features: Context and Dependency Injection ........................................................................................7-22
Overview of CDI .............................................................................................................................................7-24
Beans as Injectable Objects ...........................................................................................................................7-26
New Features: Bean Validation ......................................................................................................................7-28
New Features: Java Persistence API .............................................................................................................7-30
Classical" J2EE / Java EE 5 Architecture.......................................................................................................7-32
Impact of Java EE 6 on Architecture ..............................................................................................................7-33
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................7-34
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................7-37
Practice 7 Overview: ......................................................................................................................................7-38
Developing an Architecture for the Client Tier ..............................................................................................8-1
Developing an Architecture for the Client Tier ................................................................................................8-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................8-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-5
Overview of the Client Tier .............................................................................................................................8-6
Client Tier Roles.............................................................................................................................................8-7
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-9
Information Architecture Client Tier Concerns ...............................................................................................8-10
User Analysis .................................................................................................................................................8-11
Usage Analysis ..............................................................................................................................................8-12
Robustness Analysis ......................................................................................................................................8-13
User Interface Design Principles ....................................................................................................................8-14
Two Laws of User Interface Design ...............................................................................................................8-15
Usability, User Acceptance, and Prototyping .................................................................................................8-16
Data Density ..................................................................................................................................................8-18
Accessibility and Section 508 .........................................................................................................................8-19
Internationalization .........................................................................................................................................8-21
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-22
Selecting User Interface Devices ...................................................................................................................8-23
Resource Limitations ......................................................................................................................................8-24
Robustness of Human Input Devices .............................................................................................................8-25
Basic Compared to Complex User Interaction ...............................................................................................8-27
Selecting User Interface Technologies ...........................................................................................................8-28
Desktop Graphical UI Toolkits ........................................................................................................................8-29
Desktop Graphical User Interface Technologies ............................................................................................8-30
The Abstract Window Toolkit .........................................................................................................................8-31
The Swing Toolkit...........................................................................................................................................8-32

vii
The Standard Widget Toolkit ..........................................................................................................................8-33

JavaFX ...........................................................................................................................................................8-34
Desktop Web Browser Technologies .............................................................................................................8-35
Browser Compatibility ....................................................................................................................................8-36
HTML and Cascading Style Sheets ...............................................................................................................8-37
Rich Internet Applications ..............................................................................................................................8-38
Rich Internet Application Frameworks ............................................................................................................8-39
RIA Technologies ...........................................................................................................................................8-40
Java Applets ..................................................................................................................................................8-42
Mobile Graphical User Interface Technologies ..............................................................................................8-43
JTWI Architecture...........................................................................................................................................8-45
SMS Asynchronous Messaging .....................................................................................................................8-47
Java ME Web Service API .............................................................................................................................8-48
Microbrowsers ................................................................................................................................................8-49
XHTML MP Example......................................................................................................................................8-50
XHTML Mobile Profile ....................................................................................................................................8-51
MIDlets or Microbrowsers ..............................................................................................................................8-52
Client Side Adaptation....................................................................................................................................8-53
Multiserving ....................................................................................................................................................8-54
Web Browser Technology Best Practices ......................................................................................................8-56
Out-of-band JavaScript Callbacks ..................................................................................................................8-57
Out-of-Band JavaScript Callbacks .................................................................................................................8-58
The XMLHttpRequest Messages ...................................................................................................................8-59
Comet ............................................................................................................................................................8-60
WebSockets ...................................................................................................................................................8-62
Web 2.0 ..........................................................................................................................................................8-64
Search Engine Optimization ...........................................................................................................................8-66
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................8-68
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-69
Discovering Reusability in the Client Tier .......................................................................................................8-70
User Interface Design Patterns ......................................................................................................................8-71
Third Party Web Service APIs ........................................................................................................................8-72
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-73
Deployment Strategies for the User Interface ................................................................................................8-74
Using Installation Utilities ...............................................................................................................................8-75
Installation Utilities .........................................................................................................................................8-76
Java Web Start...............................................................................................................................................8-77
Application Client Container ...........................................................................................................................8-78
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-79
Security Concerns in the Client Tier ...............................................................................................................8-80
Input Data Validation ......................................................................................................................................8-81
Code Injection ................................................................................................................................................8-82
Cross Site Scripting (XSS) .............................................................................................................................8-83
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-85
Testing ...........................................................................................................................................................8-86
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................8-88
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................8-93
Practice 8 Overview: Choosing Client Technologies .....................................................................................8-94

viii
Developing an Architecture for the Web Tier ................................................................................................9-1

Developing an Architecture for the Web Tier .................................................................................................9-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................9-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-6
Responsibilities of the Web Tier .....................................................................................................................9-7
What Is a Servlet? ..........................................................................................................................................9-8
What Is a JavaServer Page? .........................................................................................................................9-9
What Is JavaServer Faces? ...........................................................................................................................9-10
Oracle ADF Faces..........................................................................................................................................9-11
Java Naming and Directory Interface .............................................................................................................9-12
Web Tier Development Roles ........................................................................................................................9-14
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-16
Separation of Concerns (SoC) .......................................................................................................................9-17
Presentation Concerns ...................................................................................................................................9-18
Templating the Layout View ...........................................................................................................................9-19
Inclusion Templating ......................................................................................................................................9-20
TransclusionTemplating .................................................................................................................................9-21
View Compositing ..........................................................................................................................................9-22
View Generation Frameworks ........................................................................................................................9-23
Previewability .................................................................................................................................................9-24
Scripting Languages ......................................................................................................................................9-26
Session State Management ...........................................................................................................................9-27
Input Data Validation ......................................................................................................................................9-28
Internationalization and Localization ..............................................................................................................9-30
Languages Spoken by Internet Users ............................................................................................................9-31
Content Management.....................................................................................................................................9-33
Searchability ..................................................................................................................................................9-34
Control and Logic Concerns ...........................................................................................................................9-35
Model View Controller ....................................................................................................................................9-36
Service-to-Worker Pattern ..............................................................................................................................9-37
Filtering ..........................................................................................................................................................9-39
Web Flow .......................................................................................................................................................9-40
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-41
Popular Web Tier Frameworks.......................................................................................................................9-42
Criteria for Framework Selection ....................................................................................................................9-43
Request-Oriented Frameworks ......................................................................................................................9-44
Component Oriented Frameworks .................................................................................................................9-45
Oracle Application Development Framework (ADF)......................................................................................9-46
Technology Choices for ADF BC Applications ...............................................................................................9-47
Competing Frameworks .................................................................................................................................9-48
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-50
Providing Security in the Web Tier .................................................................................................................9-51
JAAS ..............................................................................................................................................................9-53
Java Authorization Contract for Containers ....................................................................................................9-55
Oracle Identity Management Oracle + Sun Combination ...............................................................................9-56
Oracle Access Management Suite Plus .........................................................................................................9-59
Salient Features .............................................................................................................................................9-61
OAM 11g Architecture ....................................................................................................................................9-63

ix
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-64

Web Server Clustering ...................................................................................................................................9-65
Oracle Coherence ..........................................................................................................................................9-66
Singletons in the Web Tier .............................................................................................................................9-67
Accommodating Load Spikes .........................................................................................................................9-68
Session Persistence.......................................................................................................................................9-69
Load Balancing ..............................................................................................................................................9-70
Single System Images ...................................................................................................................................9-71
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................9-73
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................9-77
Practice 9 Overview: Architecting for the Web Tier .......................................................................................9-79
Developing an Architecture for the Business Tier ........................................................................................10-1
Developing an Architecture for the Business Tier ..........................................................................................10-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................10-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-4
What is an Enterprise Bean? .........................................................................................................................10-5
Accessing Enterprise Beans ..........................................................................................................................10-7
Deciding on Remote or Local Access ............................................................................................................10-9
What Is a Session Bean? ...............................................................................................................................10-11
Stateless Versus Stateful Session Beans ......................................................................................................10-12
Singleton Session Beans ...............................................................................................................................10-14
Message-Driven Beans ..................................................................................................................................10-16
Timer Service .................................................................................................................................................10-17
What Is JAX-WS? ..........................................................................................................................................10-18
Representational State Transfer (REST) .......................................................................................................10-19
Enterprise Application Container Services .....................................................................................................10-20
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-23
Architecting Domain Model Services..............................................................................................................10-24
JMS Asynchronous Communication ..............................................................................................................10-26
Message Driven Beans ..................................................................................................................................10-28
JNDI Naming Server ......................................................................................................................................10-30
Rules Engines ................................................................................................................................................10-31
Basic Oracle Business Rule Concepts ...........................................................................................................10-33
Oracle Business Rule Components ...............................................................................................................10-34
Workflow Engines ..........................................................................................................................................10-35
Architecting Domain Model Entities................................................................................................................10-36
Java EE 6 Business State ..............................................................................................................................10-37
Mapping Domain Value Objects to XML ........................................................................................................10-38
Distributing Domain Model Components ........................................................................................................10-39
The Component Distribution Golden Hammer ...............................................................................................10-40
Creating Coarse Grained Faades.................................................................................................................10-41
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-42
Development Best Practices ..........................................................................................................................10-43
Exception Handling ........................................................................................................................................10-44
Using Runtime Exceptions .............................................................................................................................10-46
Logging ..........................................................................................................................................................10-47
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................10-50

x
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................10-55
Practice 10 Overview: Refining the Business Architecture ............................................................................10-56
Developing an Architecture for the Integration and Resource Tiers ...........................................................11-1
Developing an Architecture for the Integration and Resource Tiers ...............................................................11-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................11-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-5
Challenges of Integration ...............................................................................................................................11-6
The Integration Tier ........................................................................................................................................11-8
The EIS Resource Tier...................................................................................................................................11-10
Relational Databases .....................................................................................................................................11-12
Nonrelational Data Sources ...........................................................................................................................11-13
Alternatives to Relational Databases for High Performance ..........................................................................11-14
Operational Resources ..................................................................................................................................11-16
Resource Servers ..........................................................................................................................................11-18
LDAP Servers ................................................................................................................................................11-19
Security Servers .............................................................................................................................................11-20
Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) Tools ......................................................................................................11-21
Data Mining ....................................................................................................................................................11-22
Enterprise Data Model ...................................................................................................................................11-23
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................11-24
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-25
Java Integration Technologies .......................................................................................................................11-26
JDBC and Object Relational Mapping (ORM) ................................................................................................11-27
ORM Frameworks ..........................................................................................................................................11-29
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................11-31
Overview of Java Persistence API (JPA) .......................................................................................................11-32
What Are JPA Entities? ..................................................................................................................................11-33
Messaging Systems .......................................................................................................................................11-34
Message-Oriented Middleware ......................................................................................................................11-35
Java Message Service ...................................................................................................................................11-36
JMS Application Architecture .........................................................................................................................11-37
Point-to-Point Queue ......................................................................................................................................11-38
Publish-Subscribe Topics ...............................................................................................................................11-39
WebLogic Server JMS Features ....................................................................................................................11-40
JMS Architecture: Connecting ........................................................................................................................11-41
JMS Architecture: Sending Messages ...........................................................................................................11-42
Transacted Messaging ...................................................................................................................................11-43
WebLogic Server JMS Server ........................................................................................................................11-44
Connection Factory ........................................................................................................................................11-45
JMS Destination .............................................................................................................................................11-46
Message Driven Beans (MDB) .......................................................................................................................11-47
Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) ..........................................................................................................11-48
Integration Technologies ................................................................................................................................11-50
Web Services .................................................................................................................................................11-51
Java Web Service Technologies ....................................................................................................................11-53
Java API for XML-based Web Services (JAX-WS) ........................................................................................11-54
Comparing Integration Technologies .............................................................................................................11-55
Comparing JMS, JCA, and Web Services ......................................................................................................11-56

xi
Evaluating the Software Architecture ............................................................................................................12-1

Evaluating the Software Architecture .............................................................................................................12-2
Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................12-3
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-5
Evaluating Software Architectures .................................................................................................................12-6
Characteristics of a Good Architecture ...........................................................................................................12-7
Architecture Evaluation Guidelines ................................................................................................................12-9
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-10
Java EE Technologies and Architectural Objectives ......................................................................................12-11
Designing for Long-Term Application State ....................................................................................................12-12
Managing Client Session State ......................................................................................................................12-15
Enabling Business Process and Workflow Control.........................................................................................12-18
Enabling Presentation Process and Workflow Control ...................................................................................12-20
Managing Presentation Layout ......................................................................................................................12-22
Designing for Asynchronous Communication ................................................................................................12-24
Java EE Technologies and Architectural Objectives ......................................................................................12-25
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-26
Creating System Prototypes ..........................................................................................................................12-27

xii
Oracle Internal & Oracle Academy Use Only
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-58

Applying Integration Tier Patterns ..................................................................................................................11-59
Integration Tier Patterns .................................................................................................................................11-60
Aspect Oriented Programming .......................................................................................................................11-61
XML Services .................................................................................................................................................11-62
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-64
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) .............................................................................................................11-65
Why Is an SOA Approach Required? .............................................................................................................11-66
Ways to Implement Services ..........................................................................................................................11-67
What Are Services? .......................................................................................................................................11-68
Adopting Standards for an SOA Approach .....................................................................................................11-70
Standards That Enable SOA ..........................................................................................................................11-71
Designing with an SOA Approach ..................................................................................................................11-72
Creating Service Portfolios .............................................................................................................................11-74
SOA, Web Services and Java EE ..................................................................................................................11-75
Business Process Execution Language (BPEL).............................................................................................11-76
Introducing Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) ..........................................................................11-77
Service Component Architecture (SCA) and Service Data Objects (SDO) ....................................................11-79
ESB Features and Functions .........................................................................................................................11-81
Canonical Model ............................................................................................................................................11-84
SOA Best Practices........................................................................................................................................11-86
Moving to SOA ...............................................................................................................................................11-88
SOA Governance ...........................................................................................................................................11-89
Define SOA Governance ................................................................................................................................11-90
Identifying the Need of SOA Governance ......................................................................................................11-91
What Do You Think ........................................................................................................................................11-93
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................11-95
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................11-99
Practice 11 Overview: Refining the Integration Tier Architecture ..................................................................11-100
Appendix A: UML 2: Quick Reference ............................................................................................................13-1

UML 2 Quick Reference .................................................................................................................................13-2
Appendix B: Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................14-1
Acronyms .......................................................................................................................................................14-2
Appendix C: Glossary ......................................................................................................................................15-1
Glossary .........................................................................................................................................................15-2
Appendix D: UMLet Tips ..................................................................................................................................16-1
UMLet Tips .....................................................................................................................................................16-2

xiii
Oracle Internal & Oracle Academy Use Only
Prototypes Based on Patterns .......................................................................................................................12-28

Prototype Validation for Standards Conformance ..........................................................................................12-29
Prototype Testing ...........................................................................................................................................12-30
Measuring QoS Capabilities of System Prototypes ........................................................................................12-31
Saturation Points ............................................................................................................................................12-32
Judging the Prototypes Against Architectural Goals ......................................................................................12-34
Extrapolations or Trend Curves......................................................................................................................12-35
What Do You Think? ......................................................................................................................................12-36
Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-37
Defining Application Server Selection Criteria ................................................................................................12-38
Evaluating Application Server Selection Criteria ............................................................................................12-40
Selecting Frameworks ....................................................................................................................................12-42
Quiz................................................................................................................................................................12-45
Summary ........................................................................................................................................................12-49
Practice 12 Overview .....................................................................................................................................12-50

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Architect Enterprise

Applications with Java EE

Copyright 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

The Layers Pattern.........................................................................................................................................2-16

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Types of Access Control ................................................................................................................................3-6

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Understanding Nonfunctional Requirements ................................................................................................4-1

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Defining Common Problems and Solutions - Part 1 .....................................................................................5-1

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-5

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Java EE 6 Goals ............................................................................................................................................7-5

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

The Standard Widget Toolkit ..........................................................................................................................8-33

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Developing an Architecture for the Web Tier ................................................................................................9-1

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-64

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Evaluating the Software Architecture ............................................................................................................12-1

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Oracle Internal & Oracle Academy Use Only

Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-58

Appendix A: UML 2: Quick Reference ............................................................................................................13-1

Copyright 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Architect Enterprise Applications with Java EE Table of Contents

Oracle Internal & Oracle Academy Use Only

Prototypes Based on Patterns .......................................................................................................................12-28

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